Finally, new and improved mandoc ksh/sh man pages. This took hours, and hours,

and hours... Someone please read it and find any typos I may have missed.

4 files changed, 15610 insertions, 11084 deletions

diff --git a/bin/ksh/ksh.1 b/bin/ksh/ksh.1
index e569ce3aced..e63589a6d0d 100644
--- a/bin/ksh/ksh.1
+++ b/bin/ksh/ksh.1
@@ -1,3328 +1,4595 @@
-'\" t
-.\"	$OpenBSD: ksh.1,v 1.14 1999/03/01 06:05:35 aaron Exp $
-.\"{{{}}}
-.\"{{{  Notes about man page
-.\"     - use the pseudo-macros .sh( and .sh) to begin and end sh-specific
-.\"       text and .ksh( and .ksh) for ksh specific text.
-.\"     - put i.e., e.g. and etc. in italics
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  To do
-.\" todo: Things not covered that should be:
-.\"	- distinguish (POSIX) special built-in's, (POSIX) regular built-in's,
-.\"	  and sh/ksh weirdo built-in's (put S,R,X superscripts after command
-.\"	  name in built-in commands section?)
-.\"	- need to be consistent about notation for `See section-name', `
-.\"	  See description of foobar command', `See section section-name', etc.
-.\"	- need to use the term `external command' meaning `a command that is 
-.\"       executed using execve(2)' (as opposed to a built-in command or 
-.\"       function) for more clear description.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  Title
-.TH KSH 1 "August 19, 1996" "" "User commands"
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  Name
-.SH NAME
-ksh \- Public domain Korn shell
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  Synopsis
-.SH SYNOPSIS
-.ad l
-\fBksh\fP
-[\fB\(+-abCefhikmnprsuvxX\fP] [\fB\(+-o\fP \fIoption\fP] [ [ \fB\-c\fP \fIcommand-string\fP [\fIcommand-name\fP] | \fB\-s\fP | \fIfile\fP ] [\fIargument\fP ...] ]
-.ad b
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  Description
-.SH DESCRIPTION
-\fBksh\fP is a command interpreter that is intended for both 
-interactive and shell script use.  Its command language is a superset
-of the \fIsh\fP(1) shell language.
-.\"{{{  Shell Startup
-.SS "Shell Startup"
+.\"	$OpenBSD: ksh.1,v 1.15 1999/03/02 23:46:53 aaron Exp $
+.\"
+.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1990, 1993
+.\"     The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
+.\"
+.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+.\" are met:
+.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+.\"    must display the following acknowledgement:
+.\"     This product includes software developed by the University of
+.\"     California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+.\"    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+.\"    without specific prior written permission.
+.\"
+.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
+.\"
+.\"     @(#)ksh.1tbl      8.2 (Berkeley) 8/19/96
+.\"
+.Dd August 19, 1996
+.Dt KSH 1
+.Os BSD 4
+.Sh NAME
+.Nm ksh
+.Nd public domain Korn shell
+.Sh SYNOPSIS
+.Nm ksh
+.Op Fl +abCefhikmnprsuvxX
+.Op Fl +o Ar option
+.Oo [ Fl c Ar command-string [
+.Xo Ar command-name ] No \&| Fl s No \&|
+.Ar file No ]\ 
+.Xc
+.Op Ar argument ... Oc
+.Sh DESCRIPTION
+.Nm ksh
+is a command interpreter intended for both interactive and shell
+script use. Its command language is a superset of the
+.Xr sh 1
+shell language.
+.Ss Shell startup
 The following options can be specified only on the command line:
-.IP "\fB\-c\fP \fIcommand-string\fP"
-the shell executes the command(s) contained in \fIcommand-string\fP
-.IP \fB\-i\fP
-interactive mode \(em see below
-.IP \fB\-l\fP
-login shell \(em see below
-interactive mode \(em see below
-.IP \fB\-s\fP
-the shell reads commands from standard input; all non-option arguments
-are positional parameters
-.IP \fB\-r\fP
-restricted mode \(em see below
-.PP
-In addition to the above, the options described in the \fBset\fP built-in
-command can also be used on the command line.
-.PP
-If neither the \fB\-c\fP nor the \fB\-s\fP options are specified, the
-first non-option argument specifies the name of a file the shell reads
-commands from; if there are no non-option arguments, the shell reads
-commands from standard input.
-The name of the shell (\fIi.e.\fP, the contents of the \fB$0\fP) parameter
-is determined as follows: if the \fB\-c\fP option is used and there is
-a non-option argument, it is used as the name; if commands are being
-read from a file, the file is used as the name; otherwise the name
-the shell was called with (\fIi.e.\fP, argv[0]) is used.
-.PP
-A shell is \fBinteractive\fP if the \fB\-i\fP option is used or
-if both standard input and standard error are attached to a tty.
-An interactive shell has job control enabled (if available),
-ignores the INT, QUIT and TERM signals, and prints prompts before
-reading input (see \fBPS1\fP and \fBPS2\fP parameters).
-For non-interactive shells, the \fBtrackall\fP option is on by default
-(see \fBset\fP command below).
-.PP
-A shell is \fBrestricted\fP if the \fB\-r\fP option is used or if either
-the basename of the name the shell is invoked with or the \fBSHELL\fP
-parameter match the pattern *r*sh (\fIe.g.\fP, rsh, rksh, rpdksh, \fIetc.\fP).
-The following restrictions come into effect after the shell processes
-any profile and \fB$ENV\fP files:
-.nr P2 \n(PD
-.nr PD 0
-.IP \ \ \(bu
-the \fBcd\fP command is disabled
-.IP \ \ \(bu
-the \fBSHELL\fP, \fBENV\fP and \fBPATH\fP parameters can't be changed
-.IP \ \ \(bu
-command names can't be specified with absolute or relative paths
-.IP \ \ \(bu
-the \fB\-p\fP option of the \fBcommand\fP built-in can't be used
-.IP \ \ \(bu
-redirections that create files can't be used (\fIi.e.\fP, \fB>\fP,
-\fB>|\fP, \fB>>\fP, \fB<>\fP)
-.nr PD \n(P2
-.PP
-A shell is \fBprivileged\fP if the \fB\-p\fP option is used or if
-the real user-id or group-id does not match the effective user-id
-or group-id (see \fIgetuid\fP(2), \fIgetgid\fP(2)).
-A privileged shell does not process $HOME/.profile nor the \fBENV\fP
-parameter (see below), instead the file /etc/suid_profile is processed.
-Clearing the privileged option causes the shell to set its effective
-user-id (group-id) to its real user-id (group-id).
-.PP
-If the basename of the name the shell is called with (\fIi.e.\fP, argv[0])
-starts with \fB\-\fP or if the \fB\-l\fP option is used, the shell is assumed
-to be a login shell and the shell reads and executes the contents of
-\fB/etc/profile\fP and \fB$HOME/.profile\fP if they exist and are readable.
-.PP
-If the \fBENV\fP parameter is set when the shell starts (or, in the
-case of login shells, after any profiles are processed), its value
-is subjected to parameter, command, arithmetic and tilde substitution and
-the resulting file (if any) is read and executed.
-If \fBENV\fP parameter is not set (and not null) and pdksh was compiled
-with the \fBDEFAULT_ENV\fP macro defined, the file named in that macro
-is included (after the above mentioned substitutions have been performed).
-.PP
-The exit status of the shell is 127 if the command file specified
-on the command line could not be opened, or non-zero if a fatal syntax
-error occurred during the execution of a script.
-In the absence of fatal errors, the exit status is that of the last
-command executed, or zero, if no command is executed.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  Command Syntax
-.SS "Command Syntax"
-.\"{{{  words and tokens
-The shell begins parsing its input by breaking it into \fIword\fPs.
-Words, which are sequences of characters, are delimited by unquoted
-\fIwhite-space\fP characters (space, tab and newline) or \fImeta-characters\fP
-(\fB<\fP, \fB>\fP, \fB|\fP, \fB;\fP, \fB&\fP, \fB(\fP and \fB)\fP).
-Aside from delimiting words, spaces and tabs are ignored, while
-newlines usually delimit commands.
-The meta-characters are used in building the following tokens:
-\fB<\fP, \fB<&\fP, \fB<<\fP, \fB>\fP, \fB>&\fP, \fB>>\fP, \fIetc.\fP are
-used to specify redirections (see Input/Output Redirection below);
-\fB|\fP is used to create pipelines;
-\fB|&\fP is used to create co-processes (see Co-Processes below);
-\fB;\fP is used to separate commands;
-\fB&\fP is used to create asynchronous pipelines;
-\fB&&\fP and \fB||\fP are used to specify conditional execution;
-\fB;;\fP is used in \fBcase\fP statements;
-\fB((\fP .. \fB))\fP are used in arithmetic expressions;
+.Bl -tag -width Ds
+.It Fl c Ar command-string
+.Nm ksh
+will execute the command(s) contained in
+.Ar command-string .
+.It Fl i
+Interactive mode; see below.
+.It Fl l
+Login shell; see below.
+.It Fl s
+The shell reads commands from standard input; all non-option arguments
+are positional parameters.
+.It Fl r
+Restricted mode; see below.
+.El
+.Pp
+In addition to the above, the options described in the
+.Ic set
+built-in command can also be used on the command line.
+.Pp
+If neither the
+.Fl c
+nor the
+.Fl s
+options are specified, the first non-option argument specifies the name
+of a file the shell reads commands from. If there are no non-option
+arguments, the shell reads commands from the standard input. The name of
+the shell (i.e., the contents of $0) is determined as follows: if the
+.Fl c
+option is used and there is a non-option argument, it is used as the name;
+if commands are being read from a file, the file is used as the name;
+otherwise the name the shell was called with (i.e., argv[0]) is used.
+.Pp
+A shell is
+.Dq interactive
+if the
+.Fl i
+option is used or if both standard input and standard error are attached
+to a tty. An interactive shell has job control enabled (if available),
+ignores the
+.Dv INT ,
+.Dv QUIT ,
+and
+.Dv TERM
+signals, and prints prompts before reading input (see
+.Ev PS1
+and
+.Ev PS2
+parameters).
+For non-interactive shells, the
+.Ic trackall
+option is on by default (see
+.Ic set
+command below).
+.Pp
+A shell is
+.Dq restricted
+if the
+.Fl r
+option is used or if either the basename of the name the shell was invoked
+with or the
+.Ev SHELL
+parameter match the pattern
+.Dq \&*r\&*sh
+(e.g.,
+.Dq rsh ,
+.Dq rksh ,
+.Dq rpdksh ,
+etc.).
+The following restrictions come into effect after the shell processes any
+profile and
+.Ev ENV
+files:
+.Pp
+.Bl -bullet -compact
+.It
+The
+.Ic cd
+command is disabled.
+.It
+The
+.Ev SHELL ,
+.Ev ENV
+and
+.Ev PATH
+parameters cannot be changed.
+.It
+Command names can't be specified with absolute or relative paths.
+.It
+The
+.Fl p
+option of the built-in command
+.Ic command
+can't be used.
+.It
+Redirections that create files can't be used (i.e.,
+.Dq > ,
+.Dq >| ,
+.Dq >> ,
+.Dq <> ) .
+.El
+.Pp
+A shell is
+.Dq privileged
+if the
+.Fl p
+option is used or if the real user ID or group ID does not match the
+effective user ID or group ID (see
+.Xr getuid 2
+and
+.Xr getgid 2 ) .
+A privileged shell does not process
+.Pa $HOME/.profile
+nor the
+.Ev ENV
+parameter (see below). Instead, the file
+.Pa /etc/suid_profile
+is processed. Clearing the privileged option causes the shell to set
+its effective user ID (group ID) to its real user ID (group ID).
+.Pp
+If the basename of the name the shell is called with (i.e., argv[0])
+starts with
+.Dq \&-
+or if the
+.Fl l
+option is used,
+the shell is assumed to be a login shell and the shell reads and executes
+the contents of
+.Pa /etc/profile
+and
+.Pa $HOME/.profile
+if they exist and are readable.
+.Pp
+If the
+.Ev ENV
+parameter is set when the shell starts (or, in the case of login shells,
+after any profiles are processed), its value is subjected to parameter,
+command, arithmetic, and tilde
+.Pq Sq \&~
+substitution and the resulting file
+(if any) is read and executed. If the
+.Ev ENV
+parameter is not set (and not
+.Dv NULL )
+and
+.Nm pdksh
+was compiled with the
+.Dv DEFAULT_ENV
+macro defined, the file named in that macro is included (after the above
+mentioned substitutions have been performed).
+.Pp
+The exit status of the shell is 127 if the command file specified on the
+command line could not be opened, or non-zero if a fatal syntax error
+occurred during the execution of a script. In the absence of fatal errors,
+the exit status is that of the last command executed, or zero, if no
+command is executed.
+.Ss Command syntax
+The shells begins parsing its input by breaking it into
+.Em words .
+Words, which are sequences of characters, are delimited by unquoted whitespace
+characters (space, tab, and newline) or meta-characters
+.Po
+.Dq \&< ,
+.Dq \&> ,
+.Dq \&| ,
+.Dq \&; ,
+.Dq \&( ,
+and
+.Dq \&)
+.Pc .
+Aside from delimiting words, spaces and tabs are ignored, while newlines
+usually delimit commands. The meta-charcters are used in building the
+following tokens:
+.Dq \&< ,
+.Dq \&<\&& ,
+.Dq \&<\&< ,
+.Dq \&> ,
+.Dq \&>\&& ,
+.Dq \&>\&> ,
+etc. are used to specify redirections (see
+.Sx Input/output redirection
+below);
+.Dq \&|
+is used to create pipelines;
+.Dq \&|\&&
+is used to create co-processes (see
+.Sx Co-processes
+below);
+.Dq \&;
+is used to separate commands;
+.Dq \&&
+is used to create asynchronous pipelines;
+.Dq \&&\&&
+and
+.Dq \&|\&|
+are used to specify conditional execution;
+.Dq \&;\&;
+is used in
+.Ic case
+statements;
+.Dq \&(\&( .. \&)\&)
+are used in arithmetic expressions;
 and lastly,
-\fB(\fP .. \fB)\fP are used to create subshells.
-.PP
-White-space and meta-characters can be quoted individually using
-backslash (\fB\e\fP), or in groups using double (\fB"\fP) or single (\fB'\fP)
-quotes.
-Note that the following characters are also treated specially by the shell and
-must be quoted if they are to represent themselves:
-\fB\e\fP, \fB"\fP, \fB'\fP, \fB#\fP, \fB$\fP, \fB`\fP, \fB~\fP, \fB{\fP,
-\fB}\fP, \fB*\fP, \fB?\fP and \fB[\fP.
-The first three of these are the above mentioned quoting characters
-(see Quoting below);
-\fB#\fP, if used at the beginning of a word, introduces a comment \(em everything
-after the \fB#\fP up to the nearest newline is ignored;
-\fB$\fP is used to introduce parameter, command and arithmetic substitutions
-(see Substitution below);
-\fB`\fP introduces an old-style command substitution
-(see Substitution below);
-\fB~\fP begins a directory expansion (see Tilde Expansion below);
-\fB{\fP and \fB}\fP delimit \fIcsh\fP(1) style alternations
-(see Brace Expansion below);
-and, finally, \fB*\fP, \fB?\fP and \fB[\fP are used in file name generation
-(see File Name Patterns below).
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  simple-command
-.PP
-As words and tokens are parsed, the shell builds commands, of which
-there are two basic types: \fIsimple-commands\fP, typically programs
-that are executed, and \fIcompound-commands\fP, such as \fBfor\fP and
-\fBif\fP statements, grouping constructs and function definitions.
-.PP
-A simple-command consists of some combination of parameter assignments (see
-Parameters below), input/output redirections (see Input/Output Redirections
-below), and command words; the only restriction is that parameter assignments
-come before any command words.
-The command words, if any, define the command that is to be executed and its
-arguments.
-The command may be a shell built-in command, a function or an \fIexternal
-command\fP, \fIi.e.\fP, a separate executable file that is located using the
-\fBPATH\fP parameter (see Command Execution below).
-Note that all command constructs have an \fIexit status\fP: for external
-commands, this is related to the status returned by \fIwait\fP(2) (if the
-command could not be found, the exit status is 127, if it could not be
-executed, the exit status is 126);
-the exit status of other command constructs (built-in commands, functions,
-compound-commands, pipelines, lists, \fIetc.\fP) are all well defined and are
-described where the construct is described.
-The exit status of a command consisting only of parameter assignments is that
-of the last command substitution performed during the parameter assignment
-or zero if there were no command substitutions.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  pipeline
-.PP
-Commands can be chained together using the \fB|\fP token to
-form \fIpipelines\fP, in which the standard output of each command but
-the last is piped (see \fIpipe\fP(2)) to the standard input of the following
-command.
-The exit status of a pipeline is that of its last command.
-A pipeline may be prefixed by the \fB!\fP reserved word which
-causes the exit status of the pipeline to be logically
-complemented: if the original status was 0 the complemented status will
-be 1, and if the original status was not 0, then the complemented
-status will be 0.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  lists
-.PP
-\fILists\fP of commands can be created by separating pipelines by
-any of the following tokens: \fB&&\fP, \fB||\fP, \fB&\fP, \fB|&\fP and \fB;\fP.
-The first two are for conditional execution: \fIcmd1\fP \fB&&\fP \fIcmd2\fP
-executes \fIcmd2\fP only if the exit status of \fIcmd1\fP is zero;
-\fB||\fP is the opposite \(em \fIcmd2\fP is executed only if the exit status
-of \fIcmd1\fP is non-zero.
-\fB&&\fP and \fB||\fP have equal precedence which is higher than that of
-\fB&\fP, \fB|&\fP and \fB;\fP, which also have equal precedence.
-The \fB&\fP token causes the preceding command to be executed asynchronously,
-that is, the shell starts the command, but does not wait for it to complete
-(the shell does keep track of the status of asynchronous commands \(em see
-Job Control below).
-When an asynchronous command is started when job control is disabled
-(\fIi.e.\fP, in most scripts), the command is started with signals INT
-and QUIT ignored and with input redirected from /dev/null
+.Dq \&( .. \&)
+are used to create subshells.
+.Pp
+Whitespace and meta-characters can be quoted individually using a backslash
+.Pq Sq \e ,
+or in groups using double
+.Pq Sq \&"
+or single
+.Pq Sq \&'
+quotes. Note that the following characters are also treated specially by the
+shell and must be quoted if they are to represent themselves:
+.Dq \e ,
+.Dq \&" ,
+.Dq \&' ,
+.Dq \&# ,
+.Dq \&$ ,
+.Dq \&` ,
+.Dq \&~ ,
+.Dq \&{ ,
+.Dq \&} ,
+.Dq \&* ,
+.Dq \&? ,
+and
+.Dq \&[ .
+The first three of these are the above mentioned quoting characters (see
+.Sx Quoting
+below);
+.Dq \&# ,
+if used at the beginning of a word, introduces a comment -- everything after
+the
+.Dq \&#
+up to the nearest newline is ignored;
+.Dq \&$
+is used to introduce parameter, command and arithmetic substitutions (see
+.Sx Substitution
+below);
+.Dq \&`
+introduces an old-style command substitution (see
+.Sx Substitution
+below);
+.Dq \&~
+begins a directory expansion (see
+.Sx Tilde expansion
+below);
+.Dq \&{
+and
+.Dq \&}
+delimit
+.Xr csh 1
+style alterations (see
+.Sx Brace expansion
+below);
+and, finally,
+.Dq \&* ,
+.Dq \&? ,
+and
+.Dq \&[
+are used in file name generation (see
+.Sx File name patterns
+below).
+.Pp
+As words and tokens are parsed, the shell builds commands, of which there
+are two basic types:
+.Em simple-commands ,
+typically programs that are executed, and
+.Em compound-commands ,
+such as
+.Ic for
+and
+.Ic if
+statements, grouping constructs and function definitions.
+.Pp
+A simple-command consists of some combination of parameter assignments
+(see
+.Sx Parameters
+below),
+input/output redirections (see
+.Sx Input/output redirections
+below),
+and command words; the only restriction is that parameter assignments come
+before any command words. The command words, if any, define the command
+that is to be executed and its arguments. The command may be a shell built-in
+command, a function or an external command (i.e., a separate executable file
+that is located using the
+.Ev PATH
+parameter (see
+.Sx Command execution
+below)).
+Note that all command constructs have an exit status: for external commands,
+this is related to the status returned by
+.Xr wait 2
+(if the command could not be found, the exit status is 127; if it could not
+be executed, the exit status is 126); the exit status of other command
+constructs (built-in commands, functions, compound-commands, pipelines, lists,
+etc.) are all well-defined and are described where the construct is
+described. The exit status of a command consisting only of parameter
+assignments is that of the last command substitution performed during the
+parameter assignment or 0 is there were no command substitutions.
+.Pp
+Commands can be chained together using the
+.Dq \&|
+token to form pipelines, in which the standard output of each command but the
+last is piped (see
+.Xr pipe 2 )
+to the standard input of the following command. The exit status of a pipeline
+is that of its last command. A pipeline may be prefixed by the
+.Dq \&!
+reversed word which causes the exit status of the pipeline to be logically
+complemented: if the original status was 0 the complemented status will be 1;
+if the original status was not 0, the complemented status will be 0.
+.Pp
+.Em Lists
+of commands can be created by separating pipelines by any of the following
+tokens:
+.Dq \&&\&& ,
+.Dq \&|\&| ,
+.Dq \&& ,
+.Dq \&|\&& ,
+and
+.Dq \&; .
+The first two are for conditional execution:
+.Dq Ar cmd1 No && Ar cmd2
+executes
+.Ar cmd2
+only if the exit status of
+.Ar cmd1
+is zero;
+.Dq \&|\&|
+is the opposite --
+.Ar cmd2
+is executed only if the exit status of
+.Ar cmd1
+is non-zero.
+.Dq \&&\&&
+and 
+.Dq \&|\&|
+have equal precedence which is higher that that of
+.Dq \&& ,
+.Dq \&|\&&
+and
+.Dq \&; ,
+which also have equal precedence. The
+.Dq \&&
+token causes the preceding command to be executed asynchronously; that is,
+the shell starts the command but does not wait for it to complete (the shell
+does keep track of the status of asynchronous commands, see
+.Sx Job control
+below). When an asynchronous command is started when job control is disabled
+(i.e., in most scripts), the command is started with signals
+.Dv INT
+and
+.Dv QUIT
+ignored and with input redirected from
+.Pa /dev/null
 (however, redirections specified in the asynchronous command have precedence).
-The \fB|&\fP operator starts a \fIco-process\fP which is special kind of
-asynchronous process (see Co-Processes below).
-Note that a command must follow the \fB&&\fP and \fB||\fP operators, while
-a command need not follow \fB&\fP, \fB|&\fP and \fB;\fP.
+The
+.Dq \&|\&&
+operator starts a co-process which is a special kind of asynchronous process
+(see
+.Sx Co-processes
+below). Note that a command must follow the
+.Dq \&&\&&
+and
+.Dq \&|\&|
+operators, while it need not follow
+.Dq \&& ,
+.Dq \&|\&&
+or
+.Dq \&; .
 The exit status of a list is that of the last command executed, with the
 exception of asynchronous lists, for which the exit status is 0.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  compound-commands
-.PP
-Compound commands are created using the following reserved words \(em these
-words are only recognized if they are unquoted and if they are used as
-the first word of a command (\fIi.e.\fP, they can't be preceded by parameter
-assignments or redirections):
+.Pp
+Compound commands are created using the following reserved words. These words
+are only recognized if they are unquoted and if they are used as the first
+word of a command (i.e., they can't be preceded by parameter assignments or
+redirections):
+.Pp
 .TS
 center;
 lfB lfB lfB lfB lfB .
-case	else	function	then	!
-do	esac	if	time	[[
-done	fi	in	until	{
-elif	for	select	while	}
+case    else    function        then    !
+do      esac    if      time    [[
+done    fi      in      until   {
+elif    for     select  while   }
 .TE
-\fBNote:\fP Some shells (but not this one) execute control structure commands
-in a subshell when one or more of their file descriptors are redirected, so
-any environment changes inside them may fail.
-To be portable, the \fBexec\fP statement should be used instead to redirect
-file descriptors before the control structure.
-.PP
+.\"
+.\".Ic case , do , done , elif ,
+.\".Ic else , esac , fi , for ,
+.\".Ic function , if , in , select ,
+.\".Ic then , time , until , while ,
+.\".Ic \&! , \&[\&[ , \&{ , \&}
+.Pp
+NOTE: Some shells (but not this one) execute control structure commands in a
+subshell when one or more of their file descriptors are redirected, so any
+environment changes inside them may fail. To be portable, the
+.Ic exec
+statement should be used instead to redirect file descriptors before the
+control structure.
+.Pp
 In the following compound command descriptions, command lists (denoted as
-\fIlist\fP) that are followed by reserved words must end with a
-semi-colon, a newline or a (syntactically correct) reserved word.
-For example,
-.RS
-\fB{ echo foo; echo bar; }\fP
-.br
-\fB{ echo foo; echo bar<newline>}\fP
-.br
-\fB{ { echo foo; echo bar; } }\fP
-.RE
+.Em list )
+that are followed by reserved words must end with a semi-colon, a newline or
+a (syntactically correct) reserved word. For example,
+.Pp
+.Bl -inset -indent -compact
+.It Ic { echo foo; echo bar; }
+.It Ic { echo foo; echo bar<newline> }
+.It Ic { { echo foo; echo bar; } }
+.El
+.Pp
 are all valid, but
-.RS
-\fB{ echo foo; echo bar }\fP
-.RE
+.Pp
+.Bl -inset -indent -compact
+.It Ic { echo foo; echo bar }
+.El
+.Pp
 is not.
-.\"{{{  ( list )
-.IP "\fB(\fP \fIlist\fP \fB)\fP"
-Execute \fIlist\fP in a subshell.  There is no implicit way to pass
-environment changes from a subshell back to its parent.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  { list }
-.IP "\fB{\fP \fIlist\fP \fB}\fP"
-Compound construct; \fIlist\fP is executed, but not in a subshell.
-Note that \fB{\fP and \fB}\fP are reserved words, not meta-characters.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  case word in [ [ ( ] pattern [ | pattern ] ... ) list ;; ] ... esac
-.IP "\fBcase\fP \fIword\fP \fBin\fP [ [\fB(\fP] \fIpattern\fP [\fB|\fP \fIpattern\fP] ... \fB)\fP \fIlist\fP \fB;;\fP ] ... \fBesac\fP"
-The \fBcase\fP statement attempts to match \fIword\fP against the specified
-\fIpattern\fPs; the \fIlist\fP associated with the first successfully matched
-pattern is executed.  Patterns used in \fBcase\fP statements are the same as
-those used for file name patterns except that the restrictions regarding
-\fB\&.\fP and \fB/\fP are dropped.  Note that any unquoted space before and
-after a pattern is stripped; any space with a pattern must be quoted.  Both the
-word and the patterns are subject to parameter, command, and arithmetic
-substitution as well as tilde substitution.
-For historical reasons, open and close braces may be used instead
-of \fBin\fP and \fBesac\fP (\fIe.g.\fP, \fBcase $foo { *) echo bar; }\fP).
-The exit status of a \fBcase\fP statement is that of the executed \fIlist\fP;
-if no \fIlist\fP is executed, the exit status is zero.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  for name [ in word ... term ] do list done
-.IP "\fBfor\fP \fIname\fP [ \fBin\fP \fIword\fP ... \fIterm\fP ] \fBdo\fP \fIlist\fP \fBdone\fP"
-where \fIterm\fP is either a newline or a \fB;\fP.
-For each \fIword\fP in the specified word list, the parameter \fIname\fP is
-set to the word and \fIlist\fP is executed.  If \fBin\fP is not used to
-specify a word list, the positional parameters (\fB"$1"\fP, \fB"$2"\fP,
-\fIetc.\fP) are used instead.
-For historical reasons, open and close braces may be used instead
-of \fBdo\fP and \fBdone\fP (\fIe.g.\fP, \fBfor i; { echo $i; }\fP).
-The exit status of a \fBfor\fP statement is the last exit status
-of \fIlist\fP; if \fIlist\fP is never executed, the exit status is zero.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  if list then list [ elif list then list ] ... [ else list ] fi
-.IP "\fBif\fP \fIlist\fP \fBthen\fP \fIlist\fP [\fBelif\fP \fIlist\fP \fBthen\fP \fIlist\fP] ... [\fBelse\fP \fIlist\fP] \fBfi\fP"
-If the exit status of the first \fIlist\fP is zero, the second \fIlist\fP
-is executed; otherwise the \fIlist\fP following the \fBelif\fP, if any, is
-executed with similar consequences.  If all the lists following the \fBif\fP
-and \fBelif\fPs fail (\fIi.e.\fP, exit with non-zero status), the \fIlist\fP
-following the \fBelse\fP is executed.
-The exit status of an \fBif\fP statement is that
-of non-conditional \fIlist\fP that is executed; if no non-conditional
-\fIlist\fP is executed, the exit status is zero.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  select name [ in word ... ] do list done
-.IP "\fBselect\fP \fIname\fP [ \fBin\fP \fIword\fP ... \fIterm\fP ] \fBdo\fP \fIlist\fP \fBdone\fP"
-where \fIterm\fP is either a newline or a \fB;\fP.
-The \fBselect\fP statement provides an automatic method of presenting
-the user with a menu and selecting from it.
-An enumerated list of the specified \fIwords\fP is printed on standard
-error, followed by a prompt (\fBPS3\fP, normally `\fB#? \fP').
-A number corresponding to one of the enumerated words is then read
-from standard input, \fIname\fP is set to the selected word (or is
-unset if the selection is not valid), \fBREPLY\fP
-is set to what was read (leading/trailing space is stripped),
-and \fIlist\fP is executed.
-If a blank line (\fIi.e.\fP, zero or more \fBIFS\fP characters) is entered,
-the menu is re-printed without executing \fIlist\fP.
-When \fIlist\fP completes, the enumerated list is printed if \fBREPLY\fP
-is null, the prompt is printed and so on.
-This process is continues until an end-of-file is read, an interrupt is
-received or a break statement is executed inside the loop.
-If \fBin\fP \fIword\fP \fB\&...\fP is omitted, the positional parameters
-are used (\fIi.e.\fP, \fB"$1"\fP, \fB"$2"\fP, \fIetc.\fP).
-For historical reasons, open and close braces may be used instead
-of \fBdo\fP and \fBdone\fP (\fIe.g.\fP, \fBselect i; { echo $i; }\fP).
-The exit status of a \fBselect\fP statement is zero if a break statement
-is used to exit the loop, non-zero otherwise.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  until list do list done
-.IP "\fBuntil\fP \fIlist\fP \fBdo\fP \fIlist\fP \fBdone\fP"
-This works like \fBwhile\fP, except that the body is executed only while the
-exit status of the first \fIlist\fP is non-zero.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  while list do list done
-.IP "\fBwhile\fP \fIlist\fP \fBdo\fP \fIlist\fP \fBdone\fP"
-A \fBwhile\fP is a prechecked loop.  Its body is executed as often
-as the exit status of the first \fIlist\fP is zero.
-The exit status of a \fBwhile\fP statement is the last exit status
-of the \fIlist\fP in the body of the loop; if the body is not executed,
-the exit status is zero.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  function name { list }
-.IP "\fBfunction\fP \fIname\fP \fB{\fP \fIlist\fP \fB}\fP"
-Defines the function \fIname\fP.
-See Functions below.
-Note that redirections specified after a function definition are
-performed whenever the function is executed, not when the function
-definition is executed.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  name () command
-.IP "\fIname\fP \fB()\fP \fIcommand\fP"
-Mostly the same as \fBfunction\fP.
-See Functions below.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  (( expression ))
-.IP "\fB((\fP \fIexpression\fP \fB))\fP"
-The arithmetic expression \fIexpression\fP is evaluated;
-equivalent to \fBlet "\fP\fIexpression\fP\fB"\fP.
-See Arithmetic Expressions and the \fBlet\fP command below.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  [[ expression ]]
-.IP "\fB[[\fP \fIexpression\fP \fB]]\fP"
-Similar to the \fBtest\fP and \fB[\fP \&... \fB]\fP commands (described later),
-with the following exceptions:
-.RS
-.nr P2 \n(PD
-.nr PD 0
-.IP \ \ \(bu
-Field splitting and file name generation are not performed on
-arguments.
-.IP \ \ \(bu
-The \fB\-a\fP (and) and \fB\-o\fP (or) operators are replaced with
-\fB&&\fP and \fB||\fP, respectively.
-.IP \ \ \(bu
-Operators (\fIe.g.\fP, \fB\-f\fP, \fB=\fP, \fB!\fP, \fIetc.\fP) must be unquoted.
-.IP \ \ \(bu
-The second operand of \fB!=\fP and \fB=\fP
-expressions are patterns (\fIe.g.\fP, the comparison in
-.ce
-\fB[[ foobar = f*r ]]\fP
+.Bl -tag -width Ds
+.It Ic \&( Ar list Ic \&)
+Execute
+.Ar list
+in a subshell. There is no implicit way to pass environment changes from a
+subshell back to its parent.
+.It Ic \&{ Ar list Ic \&}
+Compound construct;
+.Ar list
+is executed, but not in a subshell. Note that
+.Ic \&{
+and
+.Ic \&}
+are reserved words, not meta-characters.
+.It Xo Ic case Ar word Ic in [
+.Ns [ Ic \&( ] Ar pattern [
+.Ns Ic \&| Ar pattern ] ... Ic \&)
+.Ar list Ic \&;\&;
+.Ns ] Ar ...
+.Ic esac
+.Xc
+The
+.Ic case
+statement attempts to match
+.Ar word
+against the specified
+.Ar pattern Ns s ;
+the
+.Ar list
+associated with the first successfully matched pattern is executed. Patterns
+used in
+.Ic case
+statements are the same as those used for file name patterns except that the
+restrictions regarding
+.Dq \&.
+and
+.Dq \&/
+are dropped. Note that any unquoted space before and after a pattern is
+stripped; any space with a pattern must be quoted. Both the word and the
+patterns are subject to parameter, command and arithmetic substitution as
+well as tilde substitution. For historical reasons, open and close braces
+may be used instead of
+.Ic in
+and
+.Ic esac
+(e.g.,
+.Ic case $foo { *) echo bar; } ) .
+The exit status of a
+.Ic case
+statement is that of the executed
+.Ar list ;
+if no
+.Ar list
+is executed, the exit status is zero.
+.It Xo Ic for Ar name \&[
+.Ic in Ar word Ar ... Ar term \&]
+.Ic do Ar list Ic done
+.Xc
+For each
+.Ar word
+in the specified word list, the parameter
+.Ar name
+is set to the word and
+.Ar list
+is executed. If
+.Ic in
+is not used to specify a word list, the positional parameters ($1, $2, etc.)
+are used instead. For historical reasons, open and clase braces may be used
+instead of
+.Ic do
+and
+.Ic done
+(e.g.,
+.Ic for i\&; { echo $i; } ) .
+The exit status of a
+.Ic for
+statement is the last exit status of
+.Ar list ;
+if
+.Ar list
+is never executed, the exit status is zero.
+.Ar term
+is either a newline or a
+.Dq \&; .
+.It Xo Ic if Ar list Ic then
+.Ar list [ Ic elif Ar list Ic then
+.Ar list ] Ar ... [ Ic else
+.Ar list ] Ic fi
+.Xc
+If the exit status of the first
+.Ar list
+is zero, the second
+.Ar list
+is executed; otherwise the
+.Ar list
+following the
+.Ic elif ,
+if any, is executed with similar consequences. If all the lists following
+the
+.Ic if
+and
+.Ic elif Ns s
+fail (i.e., exit with non-zero status), the
+.Ar list
+following the
+.Ic else
+is executed. The exit status of an
+.Ic if
+statement is that of non-conditional
+.Ar list
+that is executed; if no non-conditional
+.Ar list
+is executed, the exit status is zero.
+.It Xo Ic select Ar name \&[
+.Ic in Ar word Ar ... Ar term \&]
+.Ic do Ar list Ic done
+.Xc
+The
+.Ic select
+statement provides an automatic method of presenting the user with a menu and
+selecting from it. An enumerated list of the specified
+.Ar word Ns s
+is printed on standard error, followed by a prompt
+.Po
+.Ev PS3, normally
+.Dq #?\ \&
+.Pc .
+A number corresponding to one of the enumerated words is then read from
+standard input,
+.Ar name
+is set to the selected word (or unset if the selection is not valid),
+.Ev REPLY
+is set to what was read (leading/trailing space is stripped), and
+.Ar list
+is executed.
+If a blank line (i.e., zero or more
+.Ev IFS
+characters) is entered, the menu is reprinted without executing
+.Ar list .
+When
+.Ar list
+completes, the enumerated list is printed if
+.Ev REPLY
+is
+.Dv NULL ,
+the prompt is printed and so on. This process continues until an end-of-file
+is read, an interrupt is received, or a
+.Ic break
+statement is executed inside the loop. If
+.Ic in Ar word Ar ...
+is omitted, the positional parameters are used (i.e., $1, $2, etc.). For
+historical reasons, open and close braces may be used instead of
+.Ic do
+and
+.Ic done
+(e.g.,
+.Ic select i; { echo $i; } ) .
+The exit status of a
+.Ic select
+statement is zero if a break statement is used to exit the loop, non-zero
+otherwise.
+.It Xo Ic until Ar list Ic do Ar list
+.Ic done
+.Xc
+This works like
+.Ic while ,
+except that the body is executed only while the exit status of the first
+.Ar list
+is non-zero.
+.It Xo Ic while Ar list Ic do Ar list
+.Ic done
+.Xc
+A
+.Ic while
+is a pre-checked loop. Its body is executed as often as the exit status of
+the first
+.Ar list
+is zero. The exit status of a
+.Ic while
+statement is the last exit status of the
+.Ar list
+in the body of the loop; if the body is not executed, the exit status is zero.
+.It Xo Ic function Ar name Ic \&{
+.Ar list Ic \&}
+.Xc
+Defines the function
+.Ar name
+(see
+.Sx Functions
+below). Note that redirections specified after a function definition are
+performed whenever the function is executed, not when the function definition
+is executed.
+.It Ar name Ic () Ar command
+Mostly the same as
+.Ic function
+(see
+.Sx Functions
+below).
+.It Ic (( Ar expression Ic ))
+The arithmetic expression
+.Ar expression
+is evaluated; equivalent to
+.Ic let Ar expression 
+(see
+.Sx Arithmetic expressions
+and the
+.Ic let
+command below).
+.It Ic [[ Ar expression Ic ]]
+Similar to the
+.Ic test
+and
+.Ic \&[ Ar ... Ic \&]
+commands (described later), with the following exceptions:
+.Pp
+.Bl -bullet -offset indent
+.It
+Field splitting and file name generation are not performed on arguments.
+.It
+The
+.Fl a
+(and) and
+.Fl o
+(or) operators are replaced with
+.Dq \&&\&&
+and
+.Dq \&|\&| ,
+respectively.
+.It
+Operators (e.g.,
+.Dq Fl f ,
+.Dq = ,
+.Dq \&! ,
+etc.) must be unquoted.
+.It
+The second operand of the
+.Dq \&!=
+and
+.Dq =
+expressions are patterns (e.g., the comparison
+.Ic [[ foobar = f*r ]]
 succeeds).
-.IP \ \ \(bu
-There are two additional binary operators: \fB<\fP and \fB>\fP
-which return true if their first string operand is less than,
-or greater than, their second string operand, respectively.
-.IP \ \ \(bu
-The single argument form
-of \fBtest\fP, which tests if the argument has non-zero length, is not valid
-- explicit operators must be always be used, \fIe.g.\fP, instead of
-.ce
-\fB[\fP \fIstr\fP \fB]\fP
+.It
+There are two additional binary operators:
+.Dq \&<
+and
+.Dq \&>
+which return true if their first string operand is less than, or greater than,
+their second string operand, respectively.
+.It
+The single argument form of
+.Ic test ,
+which tests if the argument has a non-zero length, is not valid; explicit
+operators must always be used (e.g., instead of
+.Ic \&[ Ar str Ic \&]
 use
-.ce
-\fB[[ \-n \fP\fIstr\fP\fB ]]\fP
-.IP \ \ \(bu
-Parameter, command and arithmetic substitutions are performed as
-expressions are evaluated and lazy expression evaluation is used for
-the \fB&&\fP and \fB||\fP operators.
-This means that in the statement
-.ce
-\fB[[ -r foo && $(< foo) = b*r ]]\fP
-the \fB$(< foo)\fP is evaluated if and only if the file \fBfoo\fP exists
-and is readable.
-.nr PD \n(P2
-.RE
-.\"}}}
-.\"}}}
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  Quoting
-.SS Quoting
+.Ic \&[[ Fl n Ar str Ic \&]] ) .
+.It
+Parameter, command and arithmetic substitutions are performed as expressions
+are evaluated and lazy expression evaluation is used for the
+.Dq \&&\&&
+and
+.Dq \&|\&|
+operators. This means that in the statement
+.Pp
+.Ic \&[[ -r foo && $(< foo) = b*r ]]
+.Pp
+the
+.Ic $(< foo)
+is evaluated if and only if the file
+.Pa foo
+exists and is readable.
+.El
+.El
+.Ss Quoting
 Quoting is used to prevent the shell from treating characters or words
-specially.
-There are three methods of quoting: First, \fB\e\fP quotes
-the following character, unless it is at the end of a line, in which
-case both the \fB\e\fP and the newline are stripped.
-Second, a single quote (\fB'\fP) quotes everything up to the next single
-quote (this may span lines).
-Third, a double quote (\fB"\fP) quotes all characters,
-except \fB$\fP, \fB`\fP and \fB\e\fP, up to the next unquoted double quote.
-\fB$\fP and \fB`\fP inside double quotes have their usual meaning (\fIi.e.\fP,
-parameter, command or arithmetic substitution) except no field splitting
-is carried out on the results of double-quoted substitutions.
-If a \fB\e\fP inside a double-quoted string is followed by \fB\e\fP, \fB$\fP,
-\fB`\fP or \fB"\fP, it is replaced by the second character; if it is
-followed by a newline, both the \fB\e\fP and the newline are stripped;
-otherwise, both the \fB\e\fP and the character following are unchanged.
-.PP
-Note: see POSIX Mode below for a special rule regarding sequences
-of the form \fB"\fP...\fB`\fP...\fB\e"\fP...\fB`\fP..\fB"\fP.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  Aliases
-.SS "Aliases"
-There are two types of aliases: normal command aliases and tracked
-aliases.  Command aliases are normally used as a short hand for a long
-or often used command.  The shell expands command aliases (\fIi.e.\fP,
-substitutes the alias name for its value) when it reads the first word
-of a command.  An expanded alias is re-processed to check for more
-aliases.  If a command alias ends in a space or tab, the following word
-is also checked for alias expansion.  The alias expansion process stops
-when a word that is not an alias is found, when a quoted word is found
-or when an alias word that is currently being expanded is found.
-.PP
+specially. There are three methods of quoting. First,
+.Dq \e
+quotes the following character, unless it is at the end of a line, in which
+case both the
+.Dq \e
+and the newline are stripped. Second, a single quote
+.Pq Sq '
+quotes everything up to the next single quote (this may span lines). Third,
+a double quote
+.Pq Sq \&"
+quotes all characters, except
+.Dq \&$ ,
+.Dq \&`
+and
+.Dq \e ,
+up to the next unquoted double quote.
+.Dq $
+and
+.Dq `
+inside double quotes have their usual meaning (i.e., parameter, command or
+arithmetic substitution) except no field splitting is carried out on the
+results of double-quoted substitutions. If a
+.Dq \e
+inside a double-quoted string is followed by
+.Dq \e ,
+.Dq $ ,
+.Dq ` ,
+or
+.Dq \&" ,
+it is replaced by the second character; if it is followed by a newline, both
+the
+.Dq \e
+and the newline are stripped; otherwise, both the
+.Dq \e
+and the character following are unchanged.
+.Pp
+NOTE: See
+.Sx POSIX mode
+below for a special rule regarding sequences of the form
+.Ic \&"...`...\e\&"...`..\&" .
+.Ss Aliases
+There are two types of aliases: normal command aliases and tracked aliases.
+Command aliases are normally used as a short hand for a long or often used
+command. The shell expands command aliases (i.e., substitutes the alias name
+for its value) when it reads the first word of a command. An expanded alias
+is re-processed to check for more aliases. If a command alias ends in a
+space or tab, the following word is also checked for alias expansion. The
+alias expansion process stops when a word that is not an alias is found, when
+a quoted word is found or when an alias word that iscurrently being expanded
+is found.
+.Pp
 The following command aliases are defined automatically by the shell:
-.ft B
-.RS
-autoload='typeset \-fu'
-.br
-functions='typeset \-f'
-.br
-hash='alias \-t'
-.br
-history='fc \-l'
-.br
-integer='typeset \-i'
-.br
-local='typeset'
-.br
-login='exec login'
-.br
-newgrp='exec newgrp'
-.br
-nohup='nohup '
-.br
-r='fc \-e \-'
-.br
-stop='kill \-STOP'
-.br
-suspend='kill \-STOP $$'
-.br
-type='whence \-v'
-.RE
-.ft P
-.PP
+.Pp
+.Bl -item -offset indent -compact
+.It
+.Ic autoload='typeset -fu'
+.It 
+.Ic functions='typeset -f'
+.It
+.Ic hash='alias -t'
+.It
+.Ic history='fc -l'
+.It
+.Ic integer='typeset -i'
+.It
+.Ic local='typeset'
+.It
+.Ic login='exec login'
+.It
+.Ic newgrp='exec newgrp'
+.It
+.Ic nohup='nohup '
+.It
+.Ic r='fc -e -'
+.It
+.Ic stop='kill -STOP'
+.It
+.Ic suspend='kill -STOP $$'
+.It
+.Ic type='whence -v'
+.El
+.Pp
 Tracked aliases allow the shell to remember where it found a particular
-command.  The first time the shell does a path search for a command that
-is marked as a tracked alias, it saves the full path of the command.
-The next time the command is executed, the shell checks the saved path
-to see that it is still valid, and if so, avoids repeating the path
-search.  Tracked aliases can be listed and created using \fBalias
-\-t\fP.  Note that changing the \fBPATH\fP parameter clears the saved
-paths for all tracked aliases.  If the \fBtrackall\fP option is set (\fIi.e.\fP,
-\fBset \-o trackall\fP or \fBset \-h\fP), the shell tracks all
-commands.  This option is set automatically for non-interactive shells.
-For interactive shells, only the following commands are automatically
-tracked: \fBcat\fP, \fBcc\fP, \fBchmod\fP, \fBcp\fP, \fBdate\fP, \fBed\fP,
-\fBemacs\fP, \fBgrep\fP, \fBls\fP, \fBmail\fP, \fBmake\fP, \fBmv\fP,
-\fBpr\fP, \fBrm\fP, \fBsed\fP, \fBsh\fP, \fBvi\fP and \fBwho\fP.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  Substitution
-.SS "Substitution"
-The first step the shell takes in executing a simple-command is to
-perform substitutions on the words of the command.
-There are three kinds of substitution: parameter, command and arithmetic.
-Parameter substitutions, which are described in detail in the next section,
-take the form \fB$name\fP or \fB${\fP...\fB}\fP; command substitutions take
-the form \fB$(\fP\fIcommand\fP\fB)\fP or \fB`\fP\fIcommand\fP\fB`\fP;
-and arithmetic substitutions take the form \fB$((\fP\fIexpression\fP\fB))\fP.
-.PP
+command. The first time the shell does a path search for a command that is
+marked as a tracked alias, it saves the full path of the command. The next
+time the command is executed, the shell checks the saved path to see that it
+is still valid, and if so, avoids repeating the path search. Tracked aliases
+can be listed and created using
+.Ic alias -t .
+Note that changing the
+.Ev PATH
+parameter clears the saved paths for all tracked aliases. If the
+.Ic trackall
+option is set (i.e.,
+.Ic set Fl o Ic trackall
+or
+.Ic set Fl h ) ,
+the shell tracks all commands. This option is set automatically for
+non-interactive shells. For interactive shells, only the following commands are
+automatically tracked:
+.Ic cat , cc , chmod , cp ,
+.Ic date , ed , emacs , grep ,
+.Ic ls , mail , make , mv ,
+.Ic pr , rm , sed , sh ,
+.Ic vi ,
+and
+.Ic who .
+.Ss Substitution
+The first step the shell takes in executing a simple-command is to perform
+substitutions on the words of the command. There are three kinds of
+substitution: parameter, command and arithmetic. Parameter substitutions,
+which are described in detail in the next section, take the form
+.Ic $name
+or
+.Ic ${...} ;
+command substitutions take the form
+.Ic $( Ns Ar command Ns Ic )
+or
+.Ic ` Ns Ar command Ns Ic ` ;
+and arithmetic substitutions take the form
+.Ic $(( Ns Ar expression Ns Ic )) .
+.Pp
 If a substitution appears outside of double quotes, the results of the
 substitution are generally subject to word or field splitting according to
-the current value of the \fBIFS\fP parameter.
-The \fBIFS\fP parameter specifies a list of characters which 
-are used to break a string up into several words;
-any characters from the set space, tab and newline that appear in the
-IFS characters are called \fIIFS white space\fP.
-Sequences of one or more IFS white space characters, in combination with
-zero or one non-IFS white space characters delimit a field.
-As a special case, leading and trailing IFS white space is stripped (\fIi.e.\fP,
-no leading or trailing empty field is created by it); leading or trailing
-non-IFS white space does create an empty field.
-Example: if \fBIFS\fP is set to `<space>:', the sequence of characters
-`<space>A<space>:<space><space>B::D' contains four fields: `A', `B', `' and `D'.
-Note that if the \fBIFS\fP parameter is set to the null string, no
-field splitting is done; if the parameter is unset, the default value
-of space, tab and newline is used.
-.PP
-The results of substitution are, unless otherwise specified, also subject
-to brace expansion and file name expansion (see the relevant sections
-below).
-.PP
+the current value of the
+.Ev IFS
+parameter. The
+.Ev IFS
+parameter specifies a list of characters which are used to break a string up
+into several words; any characters from the set space, tab and newline that
+appear in the
+.Ev IFS
+characters are called
+.Dq IFS whitespace .
+Sequences of one or more
+.Ev IFS
+whitespace characters, in combination with zero or none non-IFS whitespace
+characters delimit a field. As a special case, leading and trailing
+.Ev IFS
+whitespace is stripped (i.e., no leading or trailing empty field is created by
+it); leading or trailing non-IFS whitespace does create an empty field.
+Example: If
+.Ev IFS
+is set to
+.Dq <space>: ,
+the sequence of characters
+.Dq <space>A<space>:<space><space>B::D
+contains four fields:
+.Dq A ,
+.Dq B ,
+.Dq ,
+and
+.Dq D .
+Note that if the
+.Ev IFS
+parameter is set to the
+.Dv NULL
+string, no field splitting is done; if the parameter is unset, the default
+value of space, tab and newline is used.
+.Pp
+The results of substitution are, unless otherwise specified, also subject to
+brace expansion and file name expansion (see the relevant sections below).
+.Pp
 A command substitution is replaced by the output generated by the specified
-command, which is run in a subshell.
-For \fB$(\fP\fIcommand\fP\fB)\fP substitutions, normal quoting rules
-are used when \fIcommand\fP is parsed, however, for the
-\fB`\fP\fIcommand\fP\fB`\fP form, a \fB\e\fP followed by any of
-\fB$\fP, \fB`\fP or \fB\e\fP is stripped (a \fB\e\fP followed by any other
-character is unchanged).
-As a special case in command substitutions, a command of the form
-\fB<\fP \fIfile\fP is interpreted to mean substitute the contents
-of \fIfile\fP ($(< foo) has the same effect as $(cat foo), but it
-is carried out more efficiently because no process is started).
-.br
-.\"todo: fix this( $(..) parenthesis counting).
-NOTE: \fB$(\fP\fIcommand\fP\fB)\fP expressions are currently parsed by
-finding the matching parenthesis, regardless of quoting.  This will hopefully
-be fixed soon.
-.PP
-Arithmetic substitutions are replaced by the value of the specified
-expression.
-For example, the command \fBecho $((2+3*4))\fP prints 14.
-See Arithmetic Expressions for a description of an \fIexpression\fP.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  Parameters
-.SS "Parameters"
-Parameters are shell variables; they can be assigned values and
-their values can be accessed using a parameter substitution.
-A parameter name is either one of the special single punctuation or digit
-character parameters described below, or a letter followed by zero or more
-letters or digits (`_' counts as a letter).
-Parameter substitutions take the form \fB$\fP\fIname\fP or
-\fB${\fP\fIname\fP\fB}\fP, where \fIname\fP is a parameter name.
-If substitution is performed on a parameter that is not set, a null
-string is substituted unless the \fBnounset\fP option (\fBset \-o nounset\fP
-or \fBset \-u\fP) is set, in which case an error occurs.
-.PP
-.\"{{{  parameter assignment
-Parameters can be assigned values in a number of ways.
-First, the shell implicitly sets some parameters like \fB#\fP, \fBPWD\fP,
-etc.; this is the only way the special single character parameters are
-set.
-Second, parameters are imported from the shell's environment at startup.
-Third, parameters can be assigned values on the command line, for example,
-`\fBFOO=bar\fP' sets the parameter FOO to bar; multiple parameter
-assignments can be given on a single command line and they can
-be followed by a simple-command, in which case the assignments are
-in effect only for the duration of the command (such assignments are
-also exported, see below for implications of this).
-Note that both the parameter name and the \fB=\fP must be unquoted for
-the shell to recognize a parameter assignment.
-The fourth way of setting a parameter is with the \fBexport\fP, \fBreadonly\fP
-and \fBtypeset\fP commands; see their descriptions in the Command Execution
-section.
-Fifth, \fBfor\fP and \fBselect\fP loops set parameters as well as
-the \fBgetopts\fP, \fBread\fP and \fBset \-A\fP commands.
-Lastly, parameters can be assigned values using assignment operators
-inside arithmetic expressions (see Arithmetic Expressions below) or
-using the \fB${\fP\fIname\fP\fB=\fP\fIvalue\fP\fB}\fP form
-of parameter substitution (see below).
-.\"}}}
-.PP
-.\"{{{  environment
-Parameters with the export attribute (set using the \fBexport\fP or
-\fBtypeset \-x\fP commands, or by parameter assignments followed by simple
-commands) are put in the environment (see \fIenviron\fP(5)) of commands
-run by the shell as \fIname\fP\fB=\fP\fIvalue\fP pairs.
-The order in which parameters appear in the environment of a command
-is unspecified.
-When the shell starts up, it extracts parameters and their values from its
-environment and automatically sets the export attribute for those parameters.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  ${name[:][-+=?]word}
-.PP
-Modifiers can be applied to the \fB${\fP\fIname\fP\fB}\fP form of parameter
-substitution:
-.IP \fB${\fP\fIname\fP\fB:-\fP\fIword\fP\fB}\fP
-if \fIname\fP is set and not null, it is substituted, otherwise \fIword\fP is
-substituted.
-.IP \fB${\fP\fIname\fP\fB:+\fP\fIword\fP\fB}\fP
-if \fIname\fP is set and not null, \fIword\fP is substituted, otherwise nothing is substituted.
-.IP \fB${\fP\fIname\fP\fB:=\fP\fIword\fP\fB}\fP
-if \fIname\fP is set and not null, it is substituted, otherwise it is
-assigned \fIword\fP and the resulting value of \fIname\fP is substituted.
-.IP \fB${\fP\fIname\fP\fB:?\fP\fIword\fP\fB}\fP
-if \fIname\fP is set and not null, it is substituted, otherwise \fIword\fP
-is printed on standard error (preceded by \fIname\fP:) and an error occurs
-(normally causing termination of a shell script, function or \&.-script).
-If word is omitted the string `parameter null or not set' is used instead.
-.PP
-In the above modifiers, the \fB:\fP can be omitted, in which case the
-conditions only depend on \fIname\fP being set (as opposed to set and
-not null).
-If \fIword\fP is needed, parameter, command, arithmetic and tilde substitution
-are performed on it; if \fIword\fP is not needed, it is not evaluated.
-.\"}}}
-.PP
+command, which is run in a subshell. For
+.Ic $( Ns Ar command Ns Ic )
+substitutions, normal quoting rules are used when
+.Ar command
+is parsed, however, for the
+.Ic ` Ns Ar command Ns Ic `
+form, a
+.Dq \e
+followed by any of
+.Dq $ ,
+.Dq ` ,
+or
+.Dq \e
+is stripped (a
+.Dq \e
+followed by any other character is unchanged). As a special case in command
+substitutions, a command of the form
+.Ic \&< Ar file
+is interpreted to mean substitute the contents of
+.Ar file
+(note that
+.Ic $(< foo)
+has the same effect as
+.Ic $(cat foo) ,
+but it is carried out more efficiently because no process is started).
+.Pp
+NOTE:
+.Ic $( Ns Ar command Ns Ic \&)
+expressions are currently parsed by finding the matching parenthesis,
+regardless of quoting. This will hopefully be fixed soon.
+.Pp
+Arithmetic substitutions are replaced by the value of the specified expression.
+For example, the command
+.Ic echo $((2+3*4))
+prints 14. See
+.Sx Arithmetic expressions
+for a description of an expression.
+.Ss Parameters
+Parameters are shell variables; they can be assigned values and their values
+can be accessed using a parameter substitution. A parameter name is either one
+of the special single punctuation or digit character parameters described
+below, or a letter followed by zero or more letters or digits
+.Po
+.Dq _
+counts as a letter
+.Pc .
+Parameter substitutions take the form
+.Ic $ Ns Ar name
+or
+.Ic ${ Ns Ar name Ns Ic \&} ,
+where
+.Ar name
+is a parameter name. If substitution is performed on a parameter that is not
+set, a
+.Dv NULL
+string is substituted unless the
+.Ic nounset
+option
+.Po
+.Ic set Fl o Ic nounset
+or
+.Ic set Fl u
+.Pc
+is set, in which case an error occurs.
+.Pp
+Parameters can be assigned valued in a number of ways. First, the shell
+implicitly sets some parameters like
+.Ic # , PWD ,
+etc.; this is the only way the special single character parameters are set.
+Second, parameters are imported from the shell's environment at startup. Third,
+parameters can be assigned values on the command line, for example,
+.Ic FOO=bar
+sets the parameter
+.Ev FOO
+to
+.Dq bar ;
+multiple parameter assignments can be given on a single command line and they
+can be followed by a simple-command, in which case the assignments are in
+effect only for the duration of the command (such assignments are also
+exported, see below for implications of this). Note that both the parameter
+name and the
+.Dq =
+must be unquoted for the shell to recognize a parameter assignment. The fourth
+way of setting a parameter is with the
+.Ic export ,
+.Ic readonly
+and
+.Ic typeset
+commands; see their descriptions in the
+.Sx Command execution
+section. Fifth,
+.Ic for
+and
+.Ic select
+loops set parameters as well as the
+.Ic getopts ,
+.Ic read
+and
+.Ic set Fl A
+commands. Lastly, parameters can be assigned values using assignment operators
+inside arithmetic expressions (see
+.Sx Arithmetic expressions
+below) or using the
+.Xo Ic ${ Ns Ar name Ns No =
+.Ns Ar value Ns Ic \&}
+.Xc
+form of the parameter substitution (see below).
+.Pp
+Parameters with the export attribute (set using the
+.Ic export
+or
+.Ic typeset Fl x
+commands, or by parameter assignments followed by simple commands) are put in
+the environment (see
+.Xr environ 5 )
+of commands run by the shell as
+.Ar name Ns No = Ns Ar value
+pairs. The order in which parameters appear in the environment of a command is
+unspecified. When the shell starts up, it extracts parameters and their values
+from its environment and automatically sets the export attribute for those
+parameters.
+.Pp
+Modifiers can be applied to the
+.Ic ${ Ns Ar name Ns Ic \&}
+form of parameter substitution:
+.Bl -tag -width Ds
+.It Xo Ic ${ Ns Ar name Ns
+.Ic \&:\&- Ns Ar word Ns Ic \&}
+.Xc
+If
+.Ar name
+is set and not
+.Dv NULL ,
+it is substituted, otherwise
+.Ar word
+is substituted.
+.It Xo Ic ${ Ns Ar name Ns
+.Ic \&:\&+ Ns Ar word Ns Ic \&}
+.Xc
+If
+.Ar name
+is set and not
+.Dv NULL ,
+.Ar word
+is substituted, otherwise nothing is substituted.
+.It Xo Ic ${ Ns Ar name Ns
+.Ic \&:\&= Ns Ar word Ns Ic \&}
+.Xc
+If
+.Ar name
+is set and not
+.Dv NULL ,
+it is substituted, otherwise it is assigned
+.Ar word
+and the resulting value of
+.Ar name
+is substituted.
+.It Xo Ic ${ Ns Ar name Ns
+.Ic \&:\&? Ns Ar word Ns Ic \&}
+.Xc
+If
+.Ar name
+is set and not
+.Dv NULL ,
+it is substituted, otherwise
+.Ar word
+is printed on standard error (preceded by
+.Ar name Ns No \&: )
+and an error occurs (normally causing termination of a shell script, function
+or .-script). If word is omitted the string
+.Dq parameter null or not set
+is used instead.
+.El
+.Pp
+In the above modifiers, the
+.Dq \&:
+can be omitted, in which case the conditions only depand on
+.Ar name
+being set (as opposed to set and not
+.Dv NULL ) .
+If
+.Ar word
+is needed, parameter, command, arithmetic, and tilde substitution are performed
+on it; if
+.Ar word
+is not needed, it is not evaluated.
+.Pp
 The following forms of parameter substitution can also be used:
-.\"{{{  ${#name}
-.IP \fB${#\fP\fIname\fP\fB}\fP
-The number of positional parameters if \fIname\fP is \fB*\fP, \fB@\fP or
-is not specified,
-or the length of the string value of parameter \fIname\fP.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  ${#name[*]}, ${#name[@]}
-.IP "\fB${#\fP\fIname\fP\fB[*]}\fP, \fB${#\fP\fIname\fP\fB[@]}\fP"
-The number of elements in the array \fIname\fP.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  ${name#pattern}, ${name##pattern}
-.IP "\fB${\fP\fIname\fP\fB#\fP\fIpattern\fP\fB}\fP, \fB${\fP\fIname\fP\fB##\fP\fIpattern\fP\fB}\fP"
-If \fIpattern\fP matches the beginning of the value of parameter \fIname\fP,
-the matched text is deleted from the result of substitution.  A single
-\fB#\fP results in the shortest match, two \fB#\fP's results in the
-longest match.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  ${name%pattern}, ${name%%pattern}
-.IP "\fB${\fP\fIname\fP\fB%\fP\fIpattern\fP\fB}\fP, \fB${\fP\fIname\fP\fB%%\fP\fIpattern\fP\fB}\fP"
-Like \fB${\fP..\fB#\fP..\fB}\fP substitution, but it deletes from the end of the
-value.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  special shell parameters
-.PP
+.Bl -tag -width Ds
+.It Ic ${# Ns Ar name Ns Ic \&}
+The number of positional parameters if
+.Ar name
+is
+.Dq \&* ,
+.Dq \&@ ,
+not specified, or the length of the string value of parameter
+.Ar name .
+.It Xo Ic ${# Ns Ar name Ns
+.Ic \&[\&*\&]\&} , ${# Ns Ar name Ns Ic \&[\&@\&]\&}
+.Xc
+The number of elements in the array
+.Ar name .
+.Sm off
+.It Xo
+.Ic ${ Ar name Ic \&# Ar pattern Ic \&},\ \&
+.Ic ${ Ar name Ic \&#\&# Ar pattern Ic \&}
+.Xc
+.Sm on
+If
+.Ar pattern
+matches the beginning of the value of parameter
+.Ar name ,
+the matched text is deleted from the result of substitution. A single
+.Dq \&#
+results in the shortest match, two
+of them results in the longest match.
+.Sm off
+.It Xo
+.Ic ${ Ar name Ic \&% Ar pattern Ic \&},\ \&
+.Ic ${ Ar name Ic \&%\&% Ar pattern Ic \&}
+.Xc
+.Sm on
+Like
+.Ic ${..#..}
+substitution, but it deletes from the end of the value.
+.El
+.Pp
 The following special parameters are implicitly set by the shell and cannot be
 set directly using assignments:
-.\"{{{  !
-.IP \fB!\fP
-Process id of the last background process started.  If no background
-processes have been started, the parameter is not set.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  #
-.IP \fB#\fP
-The number of positional parameters (\fIi.e.\fP, \fB$1\fP, \fB$2\fP,
-\fIetc.\fP).
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  $
-.IP \fB$\fP
-The process ID of the shell, or the PID of the original shell if
-it is a subshell.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  -
-.IP \fB\-\fP
-The concatenation of the current single letter options
-(see \fBset\fP command below for list of options).
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  ?
-.IP \fB?\fP
-The exit status of the last non-asynchronous command executed.
-If the last command was killed by a signal, \fB$?\fP is set to 128 plus
-the signal number.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  0
-.IP "\fB0\fP"
-The name the shell was invoked with (\fIi.e.\fP, \fBargv[0]\fP), or the
-\fBcommand-name\fP if it was invoked with the \fB\-c\fP option and the
-\fBcommand-name\fP was supplied, or the \fIfile\fP argument, if it was
-supplied.
-If the \fBposix\fP option is not set, \fB$0\fP is the name of the current
-function or script.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  1-9
-.IP "\fB1\fP ... \fB9\fP"
-The first nine positional parameters that were supplied to the shell,
-function or \fB.\fP-script.
-Further positional parameters may be accessed using
-\fB${\fP\fInumber\fP\fB}\fP.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  *
-.IP \fB*\fP
-All positional parameters (except parameter 0), 
-\fIi.e.\fP, \fB$1 $2 $3\fP....
-If used outside of double quotes, parameters are separate words
-(which are subjected to word splitting); if used within double quotes,
-parameters are separated by the first character of the \fBIFS\fP parameter
-(or the empty string if \fBIFS\fP is null).
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  @
-.IP \fB@\fP
-Same as \fB$*\fP, unless it is used inside double quotes, in which case
-a separate word is generated for each positional parameter \- if there
-are no positional parameters, no word is generated ("$@" can be used
-to access arguments, verbatim, without loosing null arguments or
-splitting arguments with spaces).
-.\"}}}
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  general shell parameters
-.PP
+.Bl -tag -width "1 ... 9"
+.It Ev \&!
+Process ID of the last background process started. If no background processes
+have been started, the parameter is not set.
+.It Ev \&#
+The number of positional parameters (i.e., $1, $2, etc.).
+.It Ev \&$
+The process ID of the shell, or the PID of the original shell if it is a
+subshell.
+.It Ev \&-
+The concatenation of the current single letter options (see
+.Ic set
+command below for list of options).
+.It Ev \&?
+The exit status of the last non-asynchronous command executed. If the last
+command was killed by a signal,
+.Ic \&$\&?
+is set to 128 plus the signal number.
+.It Ev 0
+The name the shell was invoked with (i.e.,
+.Ic argv[0] ) ,
+or the
+.Ar command-name
+if it was invoked with the
+.Fl c
+option and the
+.Ar command-name
+was supplied, or the
+.Ar file
+argument, if it was supplied. If the
+.Ic posix
+option is not set,
+.Ic \&$0
+is the name of the current function or script.
+.It Ev 1 ... Ev 9
+The first nine positional parameters that were supplied to the shell, function
+or .-script. Further positional parameters may be accessed using
+.Ic ${ Ns Ar number Ns Ic \&} .
+.It Ev \&*
+All positional parameters (except parameter 0), i.e., $1, $2, $3... If used
+outside of double quotes, parameters are separate words (which are subjected
+to word splitting); if used within double quotes, parameters are separated
+by the first character of the
+.Ev IFS
+parameter (or the empty string if
+.Ev IFS
+is
+.Dv NULL ) .
+.It Ev \&@
+Same as
+.Ic \&$\&* ,
+unless it is used inside double quotes, in which case a separate word is
+generated for each positional parameter. If there are no positional parameters,
+no word is generated.
+.Ic \&$\&@
+can be used to access arguments, verbatim, without losing
+.Dv NULL
+arguments or splitting arguments with spaces.
+.El
+.Pp
 The following parameters are set and/or used by the shell:
-.\"{{{  _
-.IP "\fB_\fP \fI(underscore)\fP"
-When an external command is executed by the shell, this parameter is
-set in the environment of the new process to the path of the executed
-command.
-In interactive use, this parameter is also set in the parent shell to
-the last word of the previous command.
-When \fBMAILPATH\fP messages are evaluated, this parameter contains
-the name of the file that changed (see \fBMAILPATH\fP parameter below).
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  CDPATH
-.IP \fBCDPATH\fP
-Search path for the \fBcd\fP built-in command.  Works the same way as
-\fBPATH\fP for those directories not beginning with \fB/\fP in \fBcd\fP
-commands.
-Note that if CDPATH is set and does not contain \fB.\fP nor an empty path,
-the current directory is not searched.   Also, the \fBcd\fP built-in command
-will display the resulting directory when a match is found in any search path
-other than the than the empty path.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  COLUMNS
-.IP \fBCOLUMNS\fP
-Set to the number of columns on the terminal or window.
-Currently set to the \fBcols\fP value as reported by \fIstty\fP(1) if that
-value is non-zero.
-This parameter is used by the interactive line editing modes, and by
-\fBselect\fP, \fBset \-o\fP and \fBkill \-l\fP commands
-to format information in columns.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  EDITOR
-.IP \fBEDITOR\fP
-If the \fBVISUAL\fP parameter is not set, this parameter controls the
-command line editing mode for interactive shells.
-See \fBVISUAL\fP parameter below for how this works.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  ENV
-.IP \fBENV\fP
-If this parameter is found to be set after any profile files are
-executed, the expanded value is used as a shell start-up file.  It
-typically contains function and alias definitions.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  ERRNO
-.IP \fBERRNO\fP
-Integer value of the shell's errno variable \(em indicates the reason
-the last system call failed.
-.\" todo: ERRNO variable
-.sp
-Not implemented yet.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  EXECSHELL
-.IP \fBEXECSHELL\fP
-If set, this parameter is assumed to contain the shell that is to be
-used to execute commands that \fIexecve\fP(2) fails to execute and
-which do not start with a `\fB#!\fP \fIshell\fP' sequence.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  FCEDIT
-.IP \fBFCEDIT\fP
-The editor used by the \fBfc\fP command (see below).
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  FPATH
-.IP \fBFPATH\fP
-Like \fBPATH\fP, but used when an undefined function is executed to locate
-the file defining the function.
-It is also searched when a command can't be found using \fBPATH\fP.
-See Functions below for more information.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  HISTFILE
-.IP \fBHISTFILE\fP
-The name of the file used to store history.
-When assigned to, history is loaded from the specified file.
-Also, several invocations of the
-shell running on the same machine will share history if their
-\fBHISTFILE\fP parameters all point at the same file.
-.br
-NOTE: if HISTFILE isn't set, no history file is used.  This is
-different from the original Korn shell, which uses \fB$HOME/.sh_history\fP;
-in future, pdksh may also use a default history file.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  HISTSIZE
-.IP \fBHISTSIZE\fP
-The number of commands normally stored for history, default 128.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  HOME
-.IP \fBHOME\fP
-The default directory for the \fBcd\fP command and the value
-substituted for an unqualified \fB~\fP (see Tilde Expansion below).
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  IFS
-.IP \fBIFS\fP
-Internal field separator, used during substitution and by the \fBread\fP
-command, to split values into distinct arguments; normally set to
-space, tab and newline.  See Substitution above for details.
-.br
-\fBNote:\fP this parameter is not imported from the environment
-when the shell is started.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  KSH_VERSION
-.IP \fBKSH_VERSION\fP
-The version of shell and the date the version was created (readonly).
-See also the version commands in Emacs Interactive Input Line Editing
-and Vi Interactive Input Line Editing, below.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  SH_VERSION
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  LINENO
-.IP \fBLINENO\fP
+.Bl -tag -width "EXECSHELL"
+.It Ev \&_ No (underscore)
+When an external command is executed by the shell, this parameter is set in the
+environment of the new process to the path of the executed command. In
+interactive use, this parameter is also set in the parent shell to the last
+word of the previous command. When
+.Ev MAILPATH
+messages are evaluated, this parameter contains the name of the file that
+changed (see
+.Ev MAILPATH
+parameter below).
+.It Ev CDPATH
+Search path for the
+.Ic cd
+built-in command. Works the same way as
+.Ev PATH
+for those directories not beginning with
+.Dq \&/
+in
+.Ic cd
+commands. Note that if
+.Ev CDPATH
+is set and does not contain
+.Dq \&.
+or contains an empty path, the current directory is not searched. Also, the
+.Ic cd
+built-in command will display the resulting directory when a match is found
+in any search path other than the empty path.
+.It Ev COLUMNS
+Set to the number of columns on the terminal or window. Currently set to the
+.Dq cols
+value as reported by
+.Xr stty 1
+if that value is non-zero. This parameter is used by the interactive line
+editing modes, and by
+.Ic select ,
+.Ic set Fl o
+and
+.Ic kill -l
+commands to format information columns.
+.It Ev EDITOR
+If the
+.Ev VISUAL
+parameter is not set, this parameter controls the command line editing mode for
+interactive shells. See
+.Ev VISUAL
+parameter below for how this works.
+.It Ev ENV
+If this parameter is found to be set after any profile files are executed, the
+expanded value is used as a shell startup file. It typically contains function
+and alias definitions.
+.It Ev ERRNO
+Integer value of the shell's
+.Va errno
+variable. It indicates the reason the last system call failed. Not yet
+implemented.
+.It Ev EXECSHELL
+If set, this parameter is assumed to contain the shell that is to be used to
+execute commands that
+.Fn execve 2
+fails to execute and which do not start with a
+.Dq \&#\&! Ns Ar shell
+sequence.
+.It Ev FCEDIT
+The editor used by the
+.Ic fc
+command (see below).
+.It Ev FPATH
+Like
+.Ev PATH ,
+but used when an undefined function is executed to locate the file defining the
+function. It is also searched when a command can't be found using
+.Ev PATH .
+See
+.Sx Functions
+below for more information.
+.It Ev HISTFILE
+The name of the file used to store command history. When assigned to, history
+is loaded from the specified file. Also, several invocations of the shell
+running on the same machine will share history if their
+.Ev HISTFILE
+parameters all point to the same file.
+.Pp
+NOTE: If
+.Ev HISTFILE
+isn't set, no history file is used. This is different from the original Korn
+shell, which uses
+.Pa $HOME/.sh_history ;
+in future,
+.Nm pdksh
+may also use a default history file.
+.It Ev HISTSIZE
+The number of commands normally stored for history. The default is 128.
+.It Ev HOME
+The default directory for the
+.Ic cd
+command and the value substituted for an unqualified
+.Ic ~
+(see
+.Sx Tilde expansion
+below).
+.It Ev IFS
+Internal field separator, used during substitution and by the
+.Ic read
+command, to split values into distinct arguments; normally set to space, tab
+and newline. See
+.Sx Substitution
+above for details.
+.Pp
+NOTE: This parameter is not imported from the environment when the shell is
+started.
+.It Ev KSH_VERSION
+The version of the shell and the date the version was created (read-only).
+See also the version commands in
+.Sx Emacs interactive input line editing
+and
+.Sx Vi interactive input line editing ,
+below.
+.It Ev LINENO
 The line number of the function or shell script that is currently being
-executed.
-.\" todo: LINENO variable
-.sp
-Not implemented yet.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  LINES
-.IP \fBLINES\fP
-Set to the number of lines on the terminal or window.
-.\"Currently set to the \fBrows\fP value as reported by \fIstty\fP(1) if that
-.\"value is non-zero.
-.\" todo: LINES variable
-.sp
-Not implemented yet.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  MAIL
-.IP \fBMAIL\fP
-If set, the user will be informed of the arrival of mail in the named
-file.  This parameter is ignored if the \fBMAILPATH\fP parameter is set.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  MAILCHECK
-.IP \fBMAILCHECK\fP
-How often, in seconds, the shell will check for mail in the file(s)
-specified by \fBMAIL\fP or \fBMAILPATH\fP.  If 0, the shell checks
-before each prompt.  The default is 600 (10 minutes).
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  MAILPATH
-.IP \fBMAILPATH\fP
-A list of files to be checked for mail.  The list is colon separated,
-and each file may be followed by a \fB?\fP and a message to be printed
-if new mail has arrived.  Command, parameter and arithmetic substitution is
-performed on the message, and, during substitution, the parameter \fB$_\fP
-contains the name of the file.
-The default message is \fByou have mail in $_\fP.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  OLDPWD
-.IP \fBOLDPWD\fP
-The previous working directory.
-Unset if \fBcd\fP has not successfully changed directories since the
-shell started, or if the shell doesn't know where it is.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  OPTARG
-.IP \fBOPTARG\fP
-When using \fBgetopts\fP, it contains the argument for a parsed option,
-if it requires one.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  OPTIND
-.IP \fBOPTIND\fP
-The index of the last argument processed when using \fBgetopts\fP.
-Assigning 1 to this parameter causes \fBgetopts\fP to
-process arguments from the beginning the next time it is invoked.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  PATH
-.IP \fBPATH\fP
-A colon separated list of directories that are searched when looking
-for commands and \fB.\fP'd files.
-An empty string resulting from a leading or trailing colon, or two adjacent
-colons is treated as a `.', the current directory.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  POSIXLY_CORRECT
-.IP \fBPOSIXLY_CORRECT\fP
-If set, this parameter causes the \fBposix\fP option to be enabled.
-See POSIX Mode below.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  PPID
-.IP \fBPPID\fP
-The process ID of the shell's parent (readonly).
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  PS1
-.IP \fBPS1\fP
-\fBPS1\fP is the primary prompt for interactive shells.
-Parameter, command and arithmetic substitutions are performed, and
-\fB!\fP is replaced with the current command number (see \fBfc\fP
-command below).  A literal ! can be put in the prompt by placing !! in PS1.
-Note that since the command line editors try to figure out how long the
-prompt is (so they know how far it is to edge of the screen),
-escape codes in the prompt tend to mess things up.
-You can tell the shell not to count certain sequences (such as escape codes)
-by prefixing your prompt with a non-printing character (such as control-A)
-followed by a carriage return and then delimiting the escape codes with
-this non-printing character.
-If you don't have any non-printing characters, you're out of luck...
-BTW, don't blame me for this hack; it's in the original ksh.
-Default is `\fB$\ \fP' for non-root users, `\fB#\ \fP' for root..
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  PS2
-.IP \fBPS2\fP
-Secondary prompt string, by default `\fB>\fP ', used when more input is
-needed to complete a command.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  PS3
-.IP \fBPS3\fP
-Prompt used by \fBselect\fP statement when reading a menu selection.
-Default is `\fB#?\ \fP'.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  PS4
-.IP \fBPS4\fP
-Used to prefix commands that are printed during execution tracing
-(see \fBset \-x\fP command below).
-Parameter, command and arithmetic substitutions are performed
-before it is printed.
-Default is `\fB+\ \fP'.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  PWD
-.IP \fBPWD\fP
-The current working directory.  Maybe unset or null if shell doesn't
-know where it is.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  RANDOM
-.IP \fBRANDOM\fP
-A simple random number generator.  Every time \fBRANDOM\fP is
-referenced, it is assigned the next number in a random number series.
-The point in the series can be set by assigning a number to
-\fBRANDOM\fP (see \fIrand\fP(3)).
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  REPLY
-.IP \fBREPLY\fP
-Default parameter for the \fBread\fP command if no names are given.
-Also used in \fBselect\fP loops to store the value that is read from
-standard input.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  SECONDS
-.IP \fBSECONDS\fP
+executed. Not yet implemented.
+.It Ev LINES
+Set to the number of lines on the terminal or window. Not yet implemented.
+.It Ev MAIL
+If set, the user will be informed of the arrival of mail in the named file.
+This parameter is ignored if the
+.Ev MAILPATH
+parameter is set.
+.It Ev MAILCHECK
+How often, in seconds, the shell will check for mail in the file(s) specified
+by
+.Ev MAIL
+or
+.Ev MAILPATH .
+If set to 0, the shell checks before each prompt. The default is 600 (10
+minutes).
+.It Ev MAILPATH
+A list of files to be checked for mail. The list is colon separated, and each
+file may be followed by a
+.Dq \&?
+and a message to be printed if new mail has arrived. Command, parameter and
+arithmetic substitution is performed on the message, and, during substitution,
+the parameter
+.Ev $_
+contains the name of the file. The default message is
+.Dq you have mail in $_ .
+.It Ev OLDPWD
+The previous working directory. Unset if
+.Ic cd
+has not successfully changed directories since the shell started, or if the
+shell doesn't know where it is.
+.It Ev OPTARG
+When using
+.Ic getopts ,
+it contains the argument for a parsed option, if it requires one.
+.It Ev OPTIND
+The index of the last argument processed when using
+.Ic getopts .
+Assigning 1 to this parameter causes
+.Ic getopts
+to process arguments from the beginning the next time it is invoked.
+.It Ev PATH
+A colon separated list of directories that are searched when looking for
+commands and .'d files. An empty string resulting from a leading or trailing
+colon, or two adjacent colons, is treated as a
+.Dq \&. ,
+the current directory.
+.It Ev POSIXLY_CORRECT
+If set, this parameter causes the
+.Ic posix
+option to be enabled. See
+.Sx POSIX mode
+below.
+.It Ev PPID
+The process ID of the shell's parent (read-only).
+.It Ev PS1
+The primary prompt for interactive shells. Parameter, command and arithmetic
+substitutions are performed, and
+.Dq \&!
+is replaced with the current command number (see
+.Ic fc
+command below). A literal
+.Dq \&!
+can be put in the prompt by placing
+.Dq \&!\&!
+in
+.Ev PS1 .
+Note that since the command line editors try to figure out how long the prompt
+is (so they know how far it is to the edge of the screen), escape codes in
+the prompt tend to mess things up. You can tell the shell not to count cetain
+sequences (such as escape codes) by prefixing your prompt with a non-printing
+character (such as control-A) followed by a carriage return and then delimiting
+the escape codes with this non-printing character. If you don't have any
+non-printing characters, you're out of luck. By the way, don't blame me for
+this hack; it's in the original
+.Xr ksh .
+Default is
+.Dq \&$\ \&
+for non-root users,
+.Dq \&#\ \&
+for root.
+.It Ev PS2
+Secondary prompt string, by default
+.Dq \&>\ \& ,
+used when more input is needed to complete a command.
+.It Ev PS3
+Prompt used by
+.Ic select
+statement when reading a menu selection. Default is
+.Dq \&#\&?\ \& .
+.It Ev PS4
+Used to prefix commands that are printed during execution tracing (see
+.Ic set Fl x
+command below). Parameter, command and arithmetic substitutions are performed
+before it is printed. Default is
+.Dq \&+\ \& .
+.It Ev PWD
+The current working directory. May be unset or
+.Dv NULL
+if the shell doesn't know where it is.
+.It Ev RANDOM
+A simple random number generator. Every time
+.Ev RANDOM
+is referenced, it is assigned the next number in a random number series. The
+point in the series can be set by assigning a number to
+.Ev RANDOM
+(see
+.Xr rand 3 ) .
+.It Ev REPLY
+Default parameter for the
+.Ic read
+command if no names are given. Also used in
+.Ic select
+loops to store the value that is read from standard input.
+.It Ev SECONDS
 The number of seconds since the shell started or, if the parameter has been
-assigned an integer value, the number of seconds since the assignment plus
-the value that was assigned.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  TMOUT
-.IP \fBTMOUT\fP
-If set to a positive integer in an interactive shell, it specifies
-the maximum number of seconds the shell will wait for input after
-printing the primary prompt (\fBPS1\fP).  If the time is exceeded, the
-shell exits.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  TMPDIR
-.IP \fBTMPDIR\fP
-The directory shell temporary files are created in.  If this parameter
-is not set, or does not contain the absolute path of a writable
-directory, temporary files are created in \fB/tmp\fP.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  VISUAL
-.IP \fBVISUAL\fP
-If set, this parameter controls the command line editing mode for
-interactive shells.  If the last component of the path specified in this
-parameter contains the string \fBvi\fP, \fBemacs\fP or \fBgmacs\fP, the
-vi, emacs or gmacs (Gosling emacs) editing mode is enabled, respectively.
-.\"}}}
-.\"}}}
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  Tilde Expansion
-.SS "Tilde Expansion"
-Tilde expansion, which is done in parallel with parameter substitution,
-is done on words starting with an unquoted \fB~\fP.  The characters
-following the tilde, up to the first \fB/\fP, if any, are assumed to be
-a login name.  If the login name is empty, \fB+\fP or \fB\-\fP, the
-value of the \fBHOME\fP, \fBPWD\fP, or \fBOLDPWD\fP parameter is
-substituted, respectively.  Otherwise, the password file is searched for
-the login name, and the tilde expression is substituted with the
-user's home directory.  If the login name is not found in the password
-file or if any quoting or parameter substitution occurs in the login name,
-no substitution is performed.
-.PP
-In parameter assignments (those preceding a simple-command or those
-occurring in the arguments of \fBalias\fP, \fBexport\fP, \fBreadonly\fP,
-and \fBtypeset\fP), tilde expansion is done after any unquoted colon
-(\fB:\fP), and login names are also delimited by colons.
-.PP
-The home directory of previously expanded login names are cached and
-re-used.  The \fBalias \-d\fP command may be used to list, change and
-add to this cache (\fIe.g.\fP, `alias \-d fac=/usr/local/facilities; cd
-~fac/bin').
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  Brace Expansion
-.SS "Brace Expansion (alternation)"
+assigned an integer value, the number of seconds since the assignment plus the
+value that was assigned.
+.It Ev TMOUT
+If set to a positive integer in an interactive shell, it specifies the maximum
+number of seconds the shell will wait for input after priting the primary
+prompt
+.Pq Ev PS1 .
+If the time is exceeded, the shell exits.
+.It Ev TMPDIR
+The directory shell temporary files are created in. If this parameter is not
+set, or does not contain the absolute path of a writable directory, temporary
+files are created in
+.Pa /tmp .
+.It Ev VISUAL
+If set, this parameter controls the command line editing mode for interactive
+shells. If the last component of the path specified in this parameter contains
+the string
+.Dq vi ,
+.Dq emacs
+or
+.Dq gmacs ,
+the
+.Xr vi ,
+.Xr emacs
+or
+.Xr gmacs
+(Gosling emacs) editing mode is enabled, respectively.
+.El
+.Ss Tilde expansion
+Tilde expansion, which is done in parallel with parameter substitution, is done
+on words starting with an unquoted
+.Dq ~ .
+The characters following the tilde, up to the first
+.Dq / ,
+if any, are assumed to be a login name. If the login name is empty,
+.Dq \&+
+or
+.Dq \&- ,
+the value of the
+.Ev HOME , PWD
+or
+.Ev OLDPWD
+parameter is substituted, respectively. Otherwise, the password file is
+searched for the login name, and the tilde expression is substituted with the
+user's home directory. If the login name is not found in the password file or
+if any quoting or parameter substitution occurs in the login name, no
+substitution is performed.
+.Pp
+In parameter assignments (those preceding a simple-command or those occurring
+in the arguments of
+.Ic alias ,
+.Ic export ,
+.Ic readonly ,
+and
+.Ic typeset ) ,
+tilde expansion is done after any unquoted colon
+.Pq Sq \&: ,
+and login names are also delimited by colons.
+The home directory of previously expanded login names are cached and re-used.
+The
+.Ic alias -d
+command may be used to list, change and add to this cache (e.g.,
+.Ic alias -d fac=/usr/local/facilities; cd ~fac/bin ) .
+.Ss Brace expansion (alteration)
 Brace expressions, which take the form
-.RS
-\fIprefix\fP\fB{\fP\fIstr\fP1\fB,\fP...\fB,\fP\fIstr\fPN\fB}\fP\fIsuffix\fP
-.RE
+.Pp
+.Sm off
+.D1 Xo Ar prefix Ic { Ar str No 1,...,
+.Ar str No N Ic } Ar suffix
+.Xc
+.Sm on
+.Pp
 are expanded to N words, each of which is the concatenation of
-\fIprefix\fP, \fIstr\fPi and \fIsuffix\fP
-(\fIe.g.\fP, `a{c,b{X,Y},d}e' expands to four word: ace, abXe, abYe, and ade).
+.Ar prefix ,
+.Ar str Ns i
+and
+.Ar suffix
+(e.g.,
+.Dq a{c,b{X,Y},d}e
+expands to four words:
+.Dq ace ,
+.Dq abXe ,
+.Dq abYe ,
+and
+.Dq ade ) .
 As noted in the example, brace expressions can be nested and the resulting
-words are not sorted.
-Brace expressions must contain an unquoted comma (\fB,\fP) for expansion
-to occur (\fIi.e.\fP, \fB{}\fP and \fB{foo}\fP are not expanded).
-Brace expansion is carried out after parameter substitution and before
-file name generation.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  File Name Patterns
-.SS "File Name Patterns"
-.PP
-A file name pattern is a word containing one or more unquoted \fB?\fP or
-\fB*\fP characters or \fB[\fP..\fB]\fP sequences.  Once brace expansion has
-been performed, the shell replaces file name patterns with the sorted names
-of all the files that match the pattern (if no files match, the word is
-left unchanged).  The pattern elements have the following meaning:
-.IP \fB?\fP
-matches any single character.
-.IP \fB*\fP
-matches any sequence of characters.
-.IP \fB[\fP..\fB]\fP
-matches any of the characters inside the brackets.  Ranges of characters
-can be specified by separating two characters by a \fB\-\fP, \fIe.g.\fP,
-\fB[a0\-9]\fP matches the letter \fBa\fP or any digit.
-In order to represent itself, a
-\fB\-\fP must either be quoted or the first or last character in the character
-list.  Similarly, a \fB]\fP must be quoted or the first character in the list
-if it is represent itself instead of the end of the list.  Also, a \fB!\fP
+words are not sorted. Brace expressions must contain an unquoted comma
+.Pq Sq \&,
+for expansion to occur (i.e.,
+.Ic {}
+and
+.Ic {foo}
+are not expanded). Brace expansion is carried out after parameter substitution
+and before file name generation.
+.Ss File name patterns
+A file name pattern is a word containing one or more unquoted
+.Dq \&?
+or
+.Dq \&*
+characters or
+.Dq [..]
+sequences. Once brace expansion has been performed, the shell replaces file
+name patterns with the sorted named of all the files that match the pattern
+(if no files match, the word is left unchanged). The pattern elements have the
+following meaning:
+.Bl -tag -width Ds
+.It Ic \&?
+Matches any single character.
+.It Ic \&*
+Matches any sequence of characters.
+.It Ic \&[ Ns No .. Ns Ic \&]
+Matches any of the characters inside the brackets. Ranges of characters can be
+specified by separating two characters by a
+.Dq \&-
+(e.g.,
+.Dq [a0-9]
+matches the letter
+.Dq a
+or any digit). In order to represent itself, a
+.Dq \&-
+must either be quoted or the first or last character in the character list.
+Similarly, a
+.Dq \&]
+must be quoted or the first character in the list if it is to represent itself
+instead of the end of the list. Also, a
+.Dq \&!
 appearing at the start of the list has special meaning (see below), so to
 represent itself it must be quoted or appear later in the list.
-.IP \fB[!\fP..\fB]\fP
-like \fB[\fP..\fB]\fP, except it matches any character not inside the brackets.
-.IP "\fB*(\fP\fIpattern\fP\fB|\fP ... \fP|\fP\fIpattern\fP\fB)\fP"
-matches any string of characters that matches zero or more occurances
-of the specified patterns.
-Example: the pattern \fB*(foo|bar)\fP matches the strings
-`', `foo', `bar', `foobarfoo', \fIetc.\fP.
-.IP "\fB+(\fP\fIpattern\fP\fB|\fP ... \fP|\fP\fIpattern\fP\fB)\fP"
-matches any string of characters that matches one or more occurances
-of the specified patterns.
-Example: the pattern \fB+(foo|bar)\fP matches the strings
-`foo', `bar', `foobarfoo', \fIetc.\fP.
-.IP "\fB?(\fP\fIpattern\fP\fB|\fP ... \fP|\fP\fIpattern\fP\fB)\fP"
-matches the empty string or a string that matches one of the
-specified patterns.
-Example: the pattern \fB?(foo|bar)\fP only matches the strings
-`', `foo' and `bar'.
-.IP "\fB@(\fP\fIpattern\fP\fB|\fP ... \fP|\fP\fIpattern\fP\fB)\fP"
-matches a string that matches one of the
-specified patterns.
-Example: the pattern \fB@(foo|bar)\fP only matches the strings
-`foo' and `bar'.
-.IP "\fB!(\fP\fIpattern\fP\fB|\fP ... \fP|\fP\fIpattern\fP\fB)\fP"
-matches any string that does not match one of the specified
-patterns.
-Examples: the pattern \fB!(foo|bar)\fP matches all strings except
-`foo' and `bar'; the pattern \fB!(*)\fP matches no strings;
-the pattern \fB!(?)*\fP matches all strings (think about it).
-.PP
-Note that pdksh currently never matches \fB.\fP and \fB..\fP, but the original
-ksh, Bourne sh and bash do, so this may have to change (too bad).
-.PP
-Note that none of the above pattern elements match either a period (\fB.\fP)
-at the start of a file name or a slash (\fB/\fP), even if they are explicitly
-used in a \fB[\fP..\fB]\fP sequence; also, the names \fB.\fP and \fB..\fP
-are never matched, even by the pattern \fB.*\fP.
-.PP
-If the \fBmarkdirs\fP option is set, any directories that result from
-file name generation are marked with a trailing \fB/\fP.
-.PP
-.\" todo: implement this ([[:alpha:]], \fIetc.\fP)
-The POSIX character classes (\fIi.e.\fP,
-\fB[:\fP\fIclass-name\fP\fB:]\fP inside a \fB[\fP..\fB]\fP expression)
-are not yet implemented.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  Input/Output Redirection
-.SS "Input/Output Redirection"
-When a command is executed, its standard input, standard output and
-standard error (file descriptors 0, 1 and 2, respectively) are normally
-inherited from the shell.
-Three exceptions to this are commands in pipelines, for which standard input
-and/or standard output are those set up by the pipeline, asynchronous commands
-created when job control is disabled, for which standard input is initially
-set to be from \fB/dev/null\fP, and commands for which any of the following
-redirections have been specified:
-.IP "\fB>\fP \fIfile\fP"
-standard output is redirected to \fIfile\fP.  If \fIfile\fP does not exist,
-it is created; if it does exist, is a regular file and the \fBnoclobber\fP
-option is set, an error occurs, otherwise the file is truncated.
-Note that this means the command \fIcmd < foo > foo\fP will open
-\fIfoo\fP for reading and then truncate it when it opens it for writing,
-before \fIcmd\fP gets a chance to actually read \fIfoo\fP.
-.IP "\fB>|\fP \fIfile\fP"
-same as \fB>\fP, except the file is truncated, even if the \fBnoclobber\fP
+.It Ic \&[\&! Ns No .. Ns Ic \&]
+Like
+.Ic \&[ Ns No .. Ns Ic \&] ,
+except it matches any character not inside the brackets.
+.Sm off
+.It Xo Ic \&*( Ar pattern Ic \&| No \ ...\ 
+.Ic \&| Ar pattern Ic \&)
+.Xc
+.Sm on
+Matches any string of characters that matches zero or more occurrences of the
+specified patterns. Example: The pattern
+.Ic \&*(foo\&|bar)
+matches the strings
+.Dq ,
+.Dq foo ,
+.Dq bar ,
+.Dq foobarfoo ,
+etc.
+.Sm off
+.It Xo Ic \&+( Ar pattern Ic \&| No \ ...\ 
+.Ic \&| Ar pattern Ic \&)
+.Xc
+.Sm on
+Matches any string of characters that matches one or more occurrences of the
+specified patterns. Example: The pattern
+.Ic \&+(foo\&|bar)
+matches the strings
+.Dq foo ,
+.Dq bar ,
+.Dq foobar ,
+etc.
+.Sm off
+.It Xo Ic \&?( Ar pattern Ic \&| No \ ...\ 
+.Ic \&| Ar pattern Ic \&)
+.Xc
+.Sm on
+Matches the empty string or a string that matches one of the specified
+patterns. Example: The pattern
+.Ic \&?(foo\&|bar)
+only matches the strings
+.Dq ,
+.Dq foo
+and
+.Dq bar .
+.Sm off
+.It Xo Ic \&@( Ar pattern Ic \&| No \ ...\ 
+.Ic \&| Ar pattern Ic \&)
+.Xc
+.Sm on
+Matches a string that matches one of the specified patterns. Example: The
+pattern
+.Ic \&@(foo\&|bar)
+only matches the strings
+.Dq foo
+and
+.Dq bar .
+.Sm off
+.It Xo Ic \&!( Ar pattern Ic \&| No \ ...\ 
+.Ic \&| Ar pattern Ic \&)
+.Xc
+.Sm on
+Matches any string that does not match one of the specified patterns. Examples:
+The pattern
+.Ic \&!(foo\&|bar)
+matches all strings except
+.Dq foo
+and
+.Dq bar ;
+the pattern
+.Ic \&!(\&*)
+matches no strings; the pattern
+.Ic \&!(\&?)\&*
+matches all strings (think about it).
+.El
+.Pp
+Note that
+.Nm pdksh
+currently never matches
+.Dq \&.
+and
+.Dq \&.\&. ,
+but the original
+.Xr ksh ,
+Bourne
+.Xr sh
+and
+.Xr bash
+do, so this may have to change (too bad).
+.Pp
+Note that none of the above pattern elements match either a period
+.Pq Sq \&.
+at the start of a file name or a slash
+.Pq Sq / ,
+even if they are explicitly used in a
+.Ic \&[ Ns No .. Ns Ic \&]
+sequence; also, the names
+.Dq \&.
+and
+.Dq \&.\&.
+are never matched, even by the pattern
+.Dq \&.\&* .
+.Pp
+If the
+.Ic markdirs
+option is set, any directories that result from file name generation are marked
+with a trailing
+.Dq / .
+.Pp
+The POSIX character classes (i.e.,
+.Ic \&[\&: Ns Ar class-name Ns Ic \&:\&]
+inside a
+.Ic \&[ Ns No .. Ns Ic \&]
+expression) are not yet implemented.
+.Ss Input/output redirection
+When a command is executed, its standard input, standard output and standard
+error (file descriptors 0, 1 and 2, respectively) are normally inherited from
+the shell. Three exceptions to this are commands in pipelines, for which
+standard input and/or standard output are those set up by the pipeline,
+asynchronous commands created when job control is disabled, for which standard
+input is initially set to be from
+.Pa /dev/null ,
+and commands for which any of the following redirections have been specified:
+.Bl -tag -width Ds
+.It Ic \&> Ar file
+Standard output is redirected to
+.Ar file .
+If
+.Ar file
+does not exist, it is created; if it does exist, is a regular file and the
+.Ic noclobber
+option is set, an error occurs, otherwise the file is truncated. Note that this
+means the command
+.Ic cmd < foo > foo
+will open
+.Ar foo
+for reading and then truncate it when it opens it for writing, before
+.Ar cmd
+gets a chance to actually read
+.Ar foo .
+.It Ic \&>\&| Ar file
+Same as
+.Ic \&> ,
+except the file is truncated, even if the
+.Ic noclobber
 option is set.
-.IP "\fB>>\fP \fIfile\fP"
-same as \fB>\fP, except the file an existing file is appended to instead
-of being truncated.  Also, the file is opened in append mode, so writes
-always go to the end of the file (see \fIopen\fP(2)).
-.IP "\fB<\fP \fIfile\fP"
-standard input is redirected from \fIfile\fP, which is opened for reading.
-.IP "\fB<>\fP \fIfile\fP"
-same as \fB<\fP, except the file is opened for reading and writing.
-.IP "\fB<<\fP \fImarker\fP"
-after reading the command line containing this kind of redirection (called a
-here document), the shell copies lines from the command source into a temporary
-file until a line matching \fImarker\fP is read.
-When the command is executed, standard input is redirected from the temporary
-file.
-If \fImarker\fP contains no quoted characters, the contents of the
-temporary file are processed as if enclosed in double quotes each time
-the command is executed, so parameter, command and arithmetic substitutions
-are performed, along with backslash (\fB\e\fP) escapes for
-\fB$\fP, \fB`\fP, \fB\e\fP and \fB\enewline\fP.
-If multiple here documents are used on the same command line, they are
-saved in order.
-.IP "\fB<<-\fP \fImarker\fP"
-same as \fB<<\fP, except leading tabs are stripped from lines in the
-here document.
-.IP "\fB<&\fP \fIfd\fP"
-standard input is duplicated from file descriptor \fIfd\fP.
-\fIfd\fP can be a single digit, indicating the number of an existing
-file descriptor, the letter \fBp\fP, indicating the file descriptor
-associated with the output of the current co-process, or
-the character \fB\-\fP, indicating standard input is to be closed.
-.IP "\fB>&\fP \fIfd\fP"
-same as \fB<&\fP, except the operation is done on standard output.
-.PP
-In any of the above redirections, the file descriptor that is redirected
-(\fIi.e.\fP, standard input or standard output) can be explicitly given by
-preceding the redirection with a single digit.
-Parameter, command and arithmetic substitutions, tilde substitutions and
-(if the shell is interactive) file name generation are all performed
-on the \fIfile\fP, \fImarker\fP and \fIfd\fP arguments of redirections.
-Note however, that the results of any file name generation are only used
-if a single file is matched; if multiple files match, the word with the
-unexpanded file name generation characters is used.
-Note that in restricted shells, redirections which can create files cannot
-be used.
-.PP
+.It Ic \&>\&> Ar file
+Same as
+.Ic \&> ,
+except if
+.Ar file
+exists it is appended to instead of being truncated. Also, the file is opened
+in append mode, so writes always go to the end of the file (see
+.Fn open 2 ) .
+.It Ic \&< Ar file
+Standard input is redirected from
+.Ar file ,
+which is opened for reading.
+.It Ic \&<\&> Ar file
+Same as
+.Ic \&< ,
+except the file is opened for reading and writing.
+.It Ic \&<\&< Ar marker
+After reading the command line containing this kind of redirection (called a
+.Dq here document ) ,
+the shell copies lines from the command source into a termpoary file until a
+line matching
+.Ar marker
+is read. When the command is executed, standard input is redirected from the
+temporary file. If
+.Ar marker
+contains no quoted characters, the contents of the temporary file are processed
+as if enclosed in double quotes each time the command is executed, so
+parameter, command and arithmetic substitutions are performed, along with
+backslash
+.Pq Sq \e
+escapes for
+.Dq \&$ ,
+.Dq ` ,
+.Dq \e ,
+and
+.Dq \enewline .
+If multiple here documents are used on the same command line, they are saved in
+order.
+.It Ic \&<\&<\&- Ar marker
+Same as
+.Ic \&<\&< ,
+except leading tabs are stripped from lines in the here document.
+.It Ic \&<\&& Ar fd
+Standard input is duplicated from file descriptor
+.Ar fd .
+.Ar fd
+can be a single digit, indicating the number of an existing file descriptor;
+the letter
+.Dq p ,
+indicating the file descriptor associated with the output of the current
+co-process; or the character
+.Dq \&- ,
+indicating standard input is to be closed.
+.It Ic \&>\&& Ar fd
+Same as
+.Ic \&<\&& ,
+except the operation is done on standard output.
+.El
+.Pp
+In any of the above redirections, the file descriptor that is redirected (i.e.,
+standard input or standard output) can be explicitly given by preceding the
+redirection with a single digit. Parameter, command and arithmetic
+substitutions, tilde substitutions and (if the shell is interative)
+file name generation are all performed on the
+.Ar file ,
+.Ar marker
+and
+.Ar fd
+arguments of redirections. Note, however, that the results of any file name
+generation are only used if a single file is matched; if multiple files match,
+the word with the expanded file name generation characters is used. Note
+that in restricted shells, redirections which can create files cannot be used.
+.Pp
 For simple-commands, redirections may appear anywhere in the command, for
-compound-commands (\fBif\fP statements, \fIetc.\fP), any redirections must
-appear at the end.
-Redirections are processed after pipelines are created and in the order they
-are given, so
-.RS
-\fBcat /foo/bar 2>&1 > /dev/null | cat \-n\fP
-.RE
+compund-commands
+.Po
+.Ic if
+statements, etc.
+.Pc ,
+any redirections must appear at the end. Redirections are processed after
+pipelines are created and in the order they are given, so
+.Pp
+.Ic cat /foo/bar 2\&>&1 \&> /dev/null \&| cat -n
+.Pp
 will print an error with a line number prepended to it.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  Arithmetic Expressions
-.SS "Arithmetic Expressions"
-Integer arithmetic expressions can be used
-with the \fBlet\fP command,
-inside \fB$((\fP..\fB))\fP expressions,
-inside array references (\fIe.g.\fP, \fIname\fP\fB[\fP\fIexpr\fP\fB]\fP),
-as numeric arguments to the \fBtest\fP command,
-and as the value of an assignment to an integer parameter.
-.PP
-Expression may contain alpha-numeric parameter identifiers, array
-references, and integer constants and may be combined with the
-following C operators (listed and grouped in increasing order of precedence).
-.TP
+.Ss Arithmetic expressions
+Integer arithmetic expressions can be used with the
+.Ic let
+command, inside
+.Ic $(( Ns No .. Ns Ic ))
+expressions, inside array references (e.g.,
+.Sm off
+.Ar name Ic \&[ Ar expr Ic \&] ) ,
+.Sm on
+as numeric arguments to the
+.Ic test
+command, and as the value of an assignment to an integer parameter.
+.Pp
+Expressions may contain alpha-numeric parameter identifiers, array references,
+and integer constants and may be combined with the following C operators
+(listed and grouped in increasing order of precedence):
+.Pp
 Unary operators:
-\fB+ \- ! ~ ++ --\fP
-.TP
+.Bl -item -offset indent -compact
+.It
+.Ic \&+ \&- \&! \&~ \&+\&+ \&-\&-
+.El
+.Pp
 Binary operators:
-\fB,\fP
-.br
-\fB= *= /= %= += \-= <<= >>= &= ^= |=\fP
-.br
-\fB||\fP
-.br
-\fB&&\fP
-.br
-\fB|\fP
-.br
-\fB^\fP
-.br
-\fB&\fP
-.br
-\fB== !=\fP
-.br
-\fB< <= >= >\fP
-.br
-\fB<< >>\fP
-.br
-\fB+ \-\fP
-.br
-\fB* / %\fP
-.TP
-Ternary operator:
-\fB?:\fP (precedence is immediately higher than assignment)
-.TP
+.Bl -item -offset indent -compact
+.It
+.Ic \&,
+.It
+.Ic = \&*= /= %= \&+= \&-= \&<\&<=
+.Ic \&>\&>= \&&= ^= \&|=
+.It
+.Ic \&|\&|
+.It
+.Ic \&&\&&
+.It
+.Ic \&|
+.It
+.Ic ^
+.It
+.Ic \&&
+.It
+.Ic == \&!=
+.It
+.Ic \&< \&<= \&>= \&>
+.It
+.Ic \&<\&< \&>\&>
+.It
+.Ic \&+ \&-
+.It
+.Ic \&* / %
+.El
+.Pp
+Ternary operators:
+.Bl -item -offset indent -compact
+.It
+.Ic \&?\&:
+(precedence is immediately higher than assignment)
+.El
+.Pp
 Grouping operators:
-\fB( )\fP
-.PP
+.Bl -item -offset indent -compact
+.It
+.Ic \&( \&)
+.El
+.Pp
 Integer constants may be specified with arbitrary bases using the notation
-\fIbase\fP\fB#\fP\fInumber\fP, where \fIbase\fP is a decimal integer specifying
-the base, and \fInumber\fP is a number in the specified base.
-.LP
+.Ar base Ns Ic \&# Ns Ar number ,
+where
+.Ar base
+is a decimal integer specifying the base, and
+.Ar number
+is a number in the specified base.
+.Pp
 The operators are evaluated as follows:
-.RS
-.IP "unary \fB+\fP"
-result is the argument (included for completeness).
-.IP "unary \fB\-\fP"
-negation.
-.IP "\fB!\fP"
-logical not; the result is 1 if argument is zero, 0 if not.
-.IP "\fB~\fP"
-arithmetic (bit-wise) not.
-.IP "\fB++\fP"
-increment; must be applied to a parameter (not a literal or other
-expression) - the parameter is incremented by 1.
-When used as a prefix operator, the result is the incremented value of
-the parameter, when used as a postfix operator, the result is the
-original value of the parameter.
-.IP "\fB++\fP"
-similar to \fB++\fP, except the paramter is decremented by 1.
-.IP "\fB,\fP"
-separates two arithmetic expressions; the left hand side is evaluated first,
-then the right.  The result is value of the expression on the right hand side.
-.IP "\fB=\fP"
-assignment; variable on the left is set to the value on the right.
-.IP "\fB*= /= %= += \-= <<= >>= &= ^= |=\fP"
-assignment operators; \fI<var> <op>\fP\fB=\fP \fI<expr>\fP is the same as
-\fI<var>\fP \fB=\fP \fI<var> <op>\fP \fB(\fP \fI<expr>\fP \fB)\fP.
-.IP "\fB||\fP"
-logical or; the result is 1 if either argument is non-zero, 0 if not.
-The right argument is evaluated only if the left argument is zero.
-.IP "\fB&&\fP"
-logical and; the result is 1 if both arguments are non-zero, 0 if not.
-The right argument is evaluated only if the left argument is non-zero.
-.IP "\fB|\fP"
-arithmetic (bit-wise) or.
-.IP "\fB^\fP"
-arithmetic (bit-wise) exclusive-or.
-.IP "\fB&\fP"
-arithmetic (bit-wise) and.
-.IP "\fB==\fP"
-equal; the result is 1 if both arguments are equal, 0 if not.
-.IP "\fB!=\fP"
-not equal; the result is 0 if both arguments are equal, 1 if not.
-.IP "\fB<\fP"
-less than; the result is 1 if the left argument is less than the right,
-0 if not.
-.IP "\fB<= >= >\fP"
-less than or equal, greater than or equal, greater than.  See <.
-.IP "\fB<< >>\fP"
-shift left (right); the result is the left argument with its bits shifted
-left (right) by the amount given in the right argument.
-.IP "\fB+ - * /\fP"
-addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.
-.IP "\fB%\fP"
-remainder; the result is the remainder of the division of the left argument
-by the right.  The sign of the result is unspecified if either argument
-is negative.
-.IP "\fI<arg1>\fP \fB?\fP \fI<arg2>\fP \fB:\fP \fI<arg3>\fP"
-if \fI<arg1>\fP is non-zero, the result is \fI<arg2>\fP,
-otherwise \fI<arg3>\fP.
-.RE
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  Co-Processes
-.SS "Co-Processes"
-A co-process, which is a pipeline created with the \fB|&\fP operator,
-is an asynchronous process that the shell can both write to
-(using \fBprint \-p\fP) and read from (using \fBread \-p\fP).
-The input and output of the co-process can also be manipulated
-using \fB>&p\fP and \fB<&p\fP redirections, respectively.
-Once a co-process has been started, another can't be started until
-the co-process exits, or until the co-process input has been redirected using
-an \fBexec \fP\fIn\fP\fB>&p\fP redirection.
-If a co-process's input is redirected in this way, the next 
+.Pp
+.Bl -tag -width Ds -offset indent
+.It unary Ic \&+
+Result is the argument (included for completeness).
+.It unary Ic \&-
+Negation.
+.It Ic \&!
+Logical NOT; the result is 1 if argument is zero, 0 if not.
+.It Ic \&~
+Arithmetic (bit-wise) NOT.
+.It Ic \&+\&+
+Increment; must be applied to a parameter (not a literal or other expression).
+The parameter is incremented by 1. When used as a prefix operator, the result
+is the incremented value of the parameter; when used as a postfix operator, the
+result is the original value of the parameter.
+.It Ic \&-\&-
+Similar to
+.Ic \&+\&+ ,
+except the parameter is decremented by 1.
+.It Ic \&,
+Separates two arithmetic expressions; the left-hand side is evaluated first,
+then the right. The result is the value of the expression on the right-hand
+side.
+.It Ic =
+Assignment; variable on the left is set to the value on the right.
+.It Xo Ic \&*= /= \&+= \&-= \&<\&<=
+.Ic \&>\&>= \&&= ^= \&|=
+.Xc
+Assignment operators.
+.Ao Ar var Ac
+.Ao Ar op Ac =
+.Ao Ar expr Ac
+is the same as
+.Ao Ar var Ac =
+.Ao Ar var Ac
+.Ao Ar op Ac
+.Ic \&(
+.Ao Ar expr Ac
+.Ic \&) .
+.It Ic \&|\&|
+Logical OR; the result is 1 if either argument is non-zero, 0 if not. The right
+argument is evaluated only if the left argument is zero.
+.It Ic \&&\&&
+Logical AND; the result is 1 if both arguments are non-zero, 0 if not. The
+right argument is evaluated only if the left argument is non-zero.
+.It Ic \&|
+Arithmetic (bit-wise) OR.
+.It Ic ^
+Arithmetic (bit-wise) XOR (exclusive-OR).
+.It Ic \&&
+Arithmetic (bit-wise) AND.
+.It Ic ==
+Equal; the result is 1 if both arguments are equal, 0 if not.
+.It Ic \&!=
+Not equal; the result is 0 if both arguments are equal, 1 if not.
+.It Ic \&<
+Less than; the result is 1 if the left argument is less than the right, 0 if
+not.
+.It Ic \&<= \&>= \&>
+Less than or equal, greater than or equal, greater than. See
+.Ic \&< .
+.It Ic \&<\&< \&>\&>
+Shift left (right); the result is the left argument with its bits shifted left
+(right) by the amount given in the right argument.
+.It Ic \&+ \&- \&* /
+Addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.
+.It Ic %
+Remainder; the result is the remainder of the division of the left argument by
+the right. The sign of the result is unspecified if either argument is
+negative.
+.It Xo Ao Ar arg1 Ac Ic \ \&?
+.Ao Ar arg2 Ac Ic \ \&: Ao Ar arg3 Ac
+.Xc
+If
+.Ao Ar arg1 Ac
+is non-zero, the result is
+.Ao Ar arg2 Ac ,
+otherwise
+.Ao Ar arg3 Ac .
+.El
+.Ss Co-processes
+A co-process, which is a pipeline created with the
+.Ic \&|\&&
+operator, is an asynchronous process that the shell can both write to (using
+.Ic print -p )
+and read from (using
+.Ic read -p ) .
+The input and output of the co-process can also be manipulated using
+.Ic \&>\&&p
+and
+.Ic \&<\&&p
+redirections, respectively. Once a co-process has been started, another can't
+be started until the co-process exits, or until the co-process's input has been
+redirected using an
+.Ic exec Ar n Ns Ic \&>\&&p
+redirection. If a co-process's input is redirected in this way, the next
 co-process to be started will share the output with the first co-process,
 unless the output of the initial co-process has been redirected using an
-\fBexec \fP\fIn\fP\fB<&p\fP redirection.
-.PP
+.Ic exec Ar n Ns Ic \&<\&&p
+redirection.
+.Pp
 Some notes concerning co-processes:
-.nr P2 \n(PD
-.nr PD 0
-.IP \ \ \(bu
-the only way to close the co-process input (so the co-process reads
-an end-of-file) is to redirect the input to a numbered file descriptor
-and then close that file descriptor (\fIe.g.\fP, \fBexec 3>&p;exec 3>&-\fP).
-.IP \ \ \(bu
-in order for co-processes to share a common output, the shell must keep
-the write portion of the output pipe open.
-This means that end of file will not be detected until all co-processes
-sharing the co-process output have exited (when they all exit, the shell
-closes its copy of the pipe).
-This can be avoided by redirecting the output to a numbered
-file descriptor (as this also causes the shell to close its copy).
-Note that this behaviour is slightly different from the original Korn shell
-which closes its copy of the write portion of the co-process output when the
-most recently started co-process (instead of when all sharing co-processes)
-exits.
-.IP \ \ \(bu
-\fBprint \-p\fP will ignore SIGPIPE signals during writes
-if the signal is not being trapped or ignored; the same is not true if
-the co-process input has been duplicated to another file descriptor and
-\fBprint \-u\fP\fIn\fP is used.
-.nr PD \n(P2
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  Functions
-.SS "Functions"
-Functions are defined using either Korn shell \fBfunction\fP \fIname\fP
-syntax or the Bourne/POSIX shell \fIname\fP\fB()\fP syntax
-(see below for the difference between the two forms).
-Functions are like \fB.\fP-scripts in that they are executed in
-the current environment, however, unlike \fB.\fP-scripts, shell arguments
-(\fIi.e.\fP, positional parameters, \fB$1\fP, \fIetc.\fP) are never visible
-inside them.
-When the shell is determining the location of a command, functions are
-searched after special built-in commands, and before regular and non-regular
-built-ins, and before the \fBPATH\fP is searched.
-.PP
-An existing function may be deleted using \fBunset \-f\fP \fIfunction-name\fP.
-A list of functions can be obtained using \fBtypeset +f\fP and the
-function definitions can be listed using \fBtypeset \-f\fP.
-\fBautoload\fP (which is an alias for \fBtypeset \-fu\fP) may be used to
-create undefined functions; when an undefined function is executed, the
-shell searches the path specified in the \fBFPATH\fP parameter for a file
-with the same name as the function, which, if found is read and executed.
-If after executing the file, the named function is found to be defined, the
-function is executed, otherwise, the normal command search is continued
-(\fIi.e.\fP, the shell searches the regular built-in command table
-and \fBPATH\fP).
-Note that if a command is not found using \fBPATH\fP, an attempt is
-made to autoload a function using \fBFPATH\fP (this is an undocumented
-feature of the original Korn shell).
-.PP
-Functions can have two attributes, trace and export, which can be set
-with \fBtypeset \-ft\fP and \fBtypeset \-fx\fP, respectively.
-When a traced function is executed, the shell's \fBxtrace\fP option is turned
-on for the functions duration, otherwise the \fBxtrace\fP option is turned off.
-The export attribute of functions is currently not used.  In the original
-Korn shell, exported functions are visible to shell scripts that are executed.
-.PP
+.Bl -bullet
+.It
+The only way to close the co-process's input (so the co-process reads an
+end-of-file) is to redirect the input to a numbered file descriptor and then
+close that file descriptor (e.g.,
+.Ic exec 3\&>\&&p\&; exec 3>\&>\&&\&- ) .
+.It
+In order for co-processes to share a common output, the shell must keep the
+write portion of the output pipe open. This means that end-of-file will not be
+detected until all co-processes sharing the co-process output have exited
+(when they all exit, the shell closes its copy of the pipe). This can be
+avoided by redirecting the output to a numbered file descriptor (as this also
+causes the shell to close its copy). Note that this behaviour is slightly
+different from the original Korn shell which closes its copy of the write
+portion of the co-process output when the most recently started co-process
+(instead of when all sharing co-processes) exits.
+.It
+.Ic print -p
+will ignore
+.Dv SIGPIPE
+signals during writes if the signal is not being trapped or ignored; the same
+is true if the co-process input has been duplicated to another file descriptor
+and
+.Ic print -u Ns Ar n
+is used.
+.El
+.Ss Functions
+Functions are defined using either Korn shell
+.Ic function Ar name
+syntax or the Bourne/POSIX shell
+.Fn name
+syntax (see below for the difference between the two forms). Functions are like
+.Li .-scripts
+in that they are executed in the current environment. Howeer, unlike
+.Li .-scripts ,
+shell arguments (i.e., positional parameters $1, $2, etc.) are never visible
+inside them. When the shell is determining the location of a command, functions
+are searched after special built-in commands, and before regular and
+non-regular built-ins, and before the
+.Ev PATH
+is searched.
+.Pp
+An existing function may be deleted using
+.Ic unset Fl f Ar function-name .
+A list of functions can be obtained using
+.Ic typeset \&+f
+and the function definitions can be listed using
+.Ic typeset \&-f .
+.Ic autoload
+(which is an alias for
+.Ic typeset \&-fu )
+may be used to create undefined functions; when an undefined function is
+executed, the shell searches the path specified in the
+.Ev FPATH
+parameter for a file with the same name as the function, which, if found, is
+read and executed. If after executing the file the named function is found to
+be defined, the function is executed; otherwise, the normal command search is
+continued (i.e., the shell searches the regular built-in command table and
+.Ev PATH ) .
+Note that if a command is not found using
+.Ev PATH ,
+an attempt is made to autoload a function using
+.Ev FPATH
+(this is an undocumented feature of the original Korn shell).
+.Pp
+Functions can have two attributes,
+.Dq trace
+and
+.Dq export ,
+which can be set with
+.Ic typeset \&-ft
+and
+.Ic typeset \&-fx ,
+respectively. When a traced function is executed, the shell's
+.Ic xtrace
+option is turned on for the function's duration; otherwise, the
+.Ic xtrace
+option is turned off. The
+.Dq export
+attribute of functions is currently not used. In the original Korn shell,
+exported functions are visible to shell scripts that are executed.
+.Pp
 Since functions are executed in the current shell environment, parameter
 assignments made inside functions are visible after the function completes.
-If this is not the desired effect, the \fBtypeset\fP command can be used
-inside a function to create a local parameter.
-Note that special parameters (\fIe.g.\fP, \fB$$\fP, \fB$!\fP) can't be
-scoped in this way.
-.PP
-The exit status of a function is that of the last command executed in
-the function.
-A function can be made to finish immediately using the \fBreturn\fP command;
-this may also be used to explicitly specify the exit status.
-.PP
-Functions defined with the \fBfunction\fP reserved word are
-treated differently in the following ways from functions defined with
-the \fB()\fP notation:
-.nr P2 \n(PD
-.nr PD 0
-.IP \ \ \(bu
-the \fB$0\fP parameter is set to the name of the function
-(Bourne-style functions leave \fB$0\fP untouched).
-.IP \ \ \(bu
-parameter assignments preceding function calls are not kept in
-the shell environment
-(executing Bourne-style functions will keep assignments).
-.IP \ \ \(bu
-\fBOPTIND\fP is saved/reset and restored on entry and exit from the function
-so \fBgetopts\fP can be used properly both inside and outside the function
-(Bourne-style functions leave \fBOPTIND\fP untouched, so using \fBgetopts\fP
-inside a function interferes with using \fBgetopts\fP outside the function).
-.nr PD \n(P2
-In the future, the following differences will also be added:
-.nr P2 \n(PD
-.nr PD 0
-.IP \ \ \(bu
+If this is not the desired effect, the
+.Ic typeset
+command can be used inside a function to create a local parameter. Note that
+special parameters (e.g., $$, $\&!) can't be scoped in this way.
+.Pp
+The exit status of a function is that of the last command executed in the
+function. A function can be made to finish immediately using the
+.Ic return
+command; this may also be used to explicitly specify the exit status.
+.Pp
+Functions defined with the
+.Ic function
+reserved word are treated differently in the following ways from functions
+defined with the
+.Ic \&(\&)
+notation:
+.Bl -bullet
+.It
+The $0 parameter is set to the name of the function (Bourne-style functions
+leave $0 untouched).
+.It
+Parameter assignments preceding function calls are not kept in the shell
+environment (executing Bourne-style functions will keep assignments).
+.It
+.Ev OPTIND
+is saved/reset and restored on entry and exit from the function so
+.Ic getopts
+can be used properly both inside and outside the function (Bourne-style
+functions leave
+.Dv OPTIND
+untouched, so using
+.Ic getopts
+inside a function interferes with using
+.Ic getopts
+outside the function). In the future, the following differences will also be
+added:
+.Bl -bullet -offset indent
+.It
 A separate trap/signal environment will be used during the execution of
-functions.
-This will mean that traps set inside a function will not affect the shell's
-traps and signals that are not ignored in the shell (but may be trapped) will
-have their default effect in a function.
-.IP \ \ \(bu
+functions. This will mean that traps set inside a function will not affect the
+shell's traps and signals that are not ignored in the shell (but may be
+trapped) will have their default effect in a function.
+.It
 The EXIT trap, if set in a function, will be executed after the function
 returns.
-.nr PD \n(P2
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  POSIX mode
-.SS "POSIX Mode"
+.El
+.El
+.Ss POSIX mode
 The shell is intended to be POSIX compliant, however, in some cases, POSIX
-behaviour is contrary either to the original Korn shell behaviour or to
-user convenience.
-How the shell behaves in these cases is determined by the state of
-the posix option (\fBset \-o posix\fP) \(em if it is on, the POSIX behaviour
-is followed, otherwise it is not.
-The \fBposix\fP option is set automatically when the shell starts up
-if the environment contains the \fBPOSIXLY_CORRECT\fP parameter.
-(The shell can also be compiled so that it is in POSIX mode by default,
-however this is usually not desirable).
-.PP
-The following is a list of things that are affected by the state of
-the \fBposix\fP option:
-.nr P2 \n(PD
-.nr PD 0
-.IP \ \ \(bu
-\fB\e"\fP inside double quoted \fB`\fP..\fB`\fP command substitutions:
-in posix mode, the \fB\e"\fP is interpreted when the command is interpreted;
-in non-posix mode, the backslash is stripped before the command substitution
-is interpreted.  For example, \fBecho "`echo \e"hi\e"`"\fP produces `"hi"' in
-posix mode, `hi' in non-posix mode.  To avoid problems, use the \fB$(...\fP)
+behaviour is contrary either to the original Korn shell behaviour or to user
+convenience. How the shell behaves in these cases is determined by the state
+of the
+.Ic posix
+option
+.Pq Ic set Fl o Ic posix .
+If it is on, the POSIX behaviour is followed, otherwise it is not. The
+.Ic posix
+option is set automatically when the shell starts up if the environment
+contains the
+.Dv POSIXLY_CORRECT
+parameter. (The shell can also be compiled so that it is in POSIX mode by
+default, however this is usually not desirable).
+.Pp
+The following is a list of things that are affected by the state of the
+.Ic posix
+option:
+.Bl -bullet
+.It
+Occurrences of
+.Ic \e\&"
+inside double quoted
+.Ic `\&.\&.`
+command substitutions. In POSIX mode, the
+.Ic \e\&"
+is interpreted when the command is interpreted; in non-POSIX mode, the
+backslash is stripped before the command substitution is interpreted. For
+example,
+.Ic echo \&"`echo \e\&"hi\e\&"`\&"
+produces
+.Dq \&"hi\&"
+in POSIX mode,
+.Dq hi
+in non-POSIX mode. To avoid problems, use the
+.Ic $(...)
 form of command substitution.
-.IP \ \ \(bu
-\fBkill \-l\fP output: in posix mode, signal names are listed one a single line;
-in non-posix mode, signal numbers, names and descriptions are printed in
-columns.
-In future, a new option (\fB\-v\fP perhaps) will be added to distinguish
-the two behaviours.
-.IP \ \ \(bu
-\fBfg\fP exit status: in posix mode, the exit status is 0 if no errors occur;
-in non-posix mode, the exit status is that of the last foregrounded job.
-.IP \ \ \(bu
-\fBgetopts\fP: in posix mode, options must start with a \fB\-\fP; in non-posix
-mode, options can start with either \fB\-\fP or \fB+\fP.
-.IP \ \ \(bu
-brace expansion (also known as alternation): in posix mode, brace expansion
-is disabled; in non-posix mode, brace expansion enabled.
-Note that \fBset \-o posix\fP (or setting the \fBPOSIXLY_CORRECT\fP parameter)
-automatically turns the \fBbraceexpand\fP option off, however it can be
-explicitly turned on later.
-.IP \ \ \(bu
-\fBset \-\fP: in posix mode, this does not clear the \fBverbose\fP or
-\fBxtrace\fP options; in non-posix mode, it does.
-.IP \ \ \(bu
-\fBset\fP exit status: in posix mode, the exit status of set is 0
-if there are no errors; in non-posix mode, the exit status is that of
-any command substitutions performed in generating the set command.
-For example, `\fBset \-\- `false`; echo $?\fP' prints 0 in posix mode,
-1 in non-posix mode.  This construct is used in most shell scripts that
-use the old \fIgetopt\fP(1) command.
-.IP \ \ \(bu
-argument expansion of \fBalias\fP, \fBexport\fP, \fBreadonly\fP, and
-\fBtypeset\fP commands: in posix mode, normal argument expansion done;
-in non-posix mode, field splitting, file globing, brace expansion and
-(normal) tilde expansion are turned off, and assignment tilde expansion
-is turned on.
-.IP \ \ \(bu
-signal specification: in posix mode, signals can be specified as digits only
-if signal numbers match POSIX values (\fIi.e.\fP, HUP=1, INT=2, QUIT=3, ABRT=6,
-KILL=9, ALRM=14, and TERM=15); in non-posix mode, signals can be always digits.
-.IP \ \ \(bu
-alias expansion: in posix mode, alias expansion is only carried out when
-reading command words; in non-posix mode, alias expansion is carried out
-on any word following an alias that ended in a space.
-For example, the following for loop
-.RS
-.ft B
-alias a='for ' i='j'
-.br
-a i in 1 2; do echo i=$i j=$j; done
-.ft P
-.RE
-uses parameter \fBi\fP in posix mode, \fBj\fP in non-posix mode.
-.IP \ \ \(bu
-test: in posix mode, the expression "\fB-t\fP" (preceded by
-some number of "\fB!\fP" arguments) is always true as it is a non-zero length
-string; in non-posix mode, it tests if file descriptor 1 is a tty (\fIi.e.\fP,
-the \fIfd\fP argument to the \fB-t\fP test may be left out and defaults to 1).
-.nr PD \n(P2
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  Command Execution (built-in commands)
-.SS "Command Execution"
+.It
+.Ic kill -l
+output. In POSIX mode, signal names are listed one per line; in non-POSIX mode,
+signal numbers, names and descriptions are printed in columns. In future, a new
+option
+.Po Fl v
+\ perhaps
+.Pc
+will be added to distinguish the two behaviours.
+.It
+.Ic fg
+exit status. In POSIX mode, the exit status is 0 if no errors occur; in
+non-POSIX mode, the exit status is that of the last foregrounded job.
+.It
+.Ic getopts .
+In POSIX mode, options must start with a
+.Dq \&- ;
+in non-POSIX mode, options can start with either
+.Dq \&-
+or
+.Dq \&+ .
+.It
+Brace expansion (also known as alternation). In POSIX mode, brace expansion is
+disabled; in non-POSIX mode, brace expansion is enabled. Note that
+.Ic set Fl o Ic posix
+(or setting the
+.Ev POSIXLY_CORRECT
+parameter) automatically turns the
+.Ic braceexpand
+option off, however, it can be explicitly turned on later.
+.It
+.Ic set \&- .
+In POSIX mode, this does not clear the
+.Ic verbose
+or
+.Ic xtrace
+options; in non-POSIX mode, it does.
+.It
+.Ic set
+exit status. In POSIX mode, the exit status of
+.Ic set
+is 0 if there are no errors; in non-POSIX mode, the exit status is that of any
+command substitutions performed in generating the
+.Ic set
+command. For example,
+.Ic set \&-\&- `false`; echo $?
+prints 0 in POSIX mode, 1 in non-POSIX mode. This construct is used in most
+shell scripts that use the old
+.Xr getopt 1
+command.
+.It
+Argument expansion of
+.Ic alias ,
+.Ic export ,
+.Ic readonly ,
+and
+.Ic typeset
+commands. In POSIX mode, normal argument expansion is done; in non-POSIX mode,
+field splitting, file globbing, brace expansion, and (normal) tilde expansion
+are turned off, while assignment tilde expansion is turned on.
+.It
+Signal specification. In POSIX mode, signals can be specified as digits, only
+if signal numbers match POSIX values (i.e., HUP=1, INT=2, QUIT=3, ABRT=6,
+KILL=9, ALRM=14, and TERM=15); in non-POSIX mode, signals can always be digits.
+.It
+Alias expansion. In POSIX mode, alias expansion is only carried out when
+reading command words; in non-POSIX mode, alias expansion is carried out on any
+word following an alias that ended in a space. For example, the following
+.Ic for
+loop
+.Pp
+.Bl -item -offset indent -compact
+.It
+.Ic alias a='for ' i='j'
+.It
+.Ic a i in 1 2; do echo i=$i j=$j; done
+.El
+.Pp
+uses parameter
+.Ic i
+in POSIX mode,
+.Ic j
+in non-POSIX mode.
+.It
+Test. In POSIX mode, the expression
+.Dq Fl t
+(preceded by some number of
+.Dq Ic \&!
+arguments) is always true as it is a non-zero length string; in non-POSIX mode,
+it tests if file descriptor 1 is a tty (i.e., the
+.Ar fd
+argument to the
+.Fl t
+test may be left out and defaults to 1).
+.El
+.Ss Command execution
 After evaluation of command line arguments, redirections and parameter
-assignments, the type of command is determined: a special built-in,
-a function, a regular built-in or the name of a file to execute found
-using the \fBPATH\fP parameter.
-The checks are made in the above order.
-Special built-in commands differ from other commands in that 
-the \fBPATH\fP parameter is not used to find them, an error
-during their execution can cause a non-interactive shell to exit and
-parameter assignments that are specified before the command are
-kept after the command completes.
-Just to confuse things, if the posix option is turned off (see \fBset\fP
-command below) some special commands are very special in that
-no field splitting, file globing, brace expansion nor tilde expansion
-is preformed on arguments that look like assignments.
-Regular built-in commands are different only in that the \fBPATH\fP
+assignments, the type of command is determined; a special built-in, a function,
+a regular built-in, or the name of a file to execute found using the
+.Ev PATH
+parameter. The checks are made in the above order. Special built-in commands
+differ from other commands in that the
+.Ev PATH
+parameter is not used to find them, and an error during their execution can
+cause a non-interactive shell to exit and parameter assignments that are
+specified before the command are kept after the command completes. Just to
+confuse things, if the
+.Ic posix
+option is turned off (see
+.Ic set
+command below), some special commands are very special in that no field
+splitting, file globbing, brace expansion, nor tilde expansion is performed
+on arguments that look like assignments. Regular built-in commands are
+different only in that the
+.Ev PATH
 parameter is not used to find them.
-.PP
+.Pp
 The original ksh and POSIX differ somewhat in which commands are considered
 special or regular:
-.IP "POSIX special commands"
-.TS
-lw(8m)fB lw(8m)fB lw(8m)fB lw(8m)fB lw(8m)fB .
-\&.	continue	exit	return	trap
-:	eval	export	set	unset
-break	exec	readonly	shift
-.TE
-.IP "Additional ksh special commands"
-.TS
-lw(8m)fB lw(8m)fB lw(8m)fB lw(8m)fB lw(8m)fB .
-builtin	times	typeset		
-.TE
-.IP "Very special commands (non-posix mode)"
-.TS
-lw(8m)fB lw(8m)fB lw(8m)fB lw(8m)fB lw(8m)fB .
-alias	readonly	set	typeset	
-.TE
-.IP "POSIX regular commands"
-.TS
-lw(8m)fB lw(8m)fB lw(8m)fB lw(8m)fB lw(8m)fB .
-alias	command	fg	kill	umask
-bg	false	getopts	read	unalias
-cd	fc	jobs	true	wait
-.TE
-.IP "Additional ksh regular commands"
-.TS
-lw(8m)fB lw(8m)fB lw(8m)fB lw(8m)fB lw(8m)fB .
-[	let	pwd	ulimit	
-echo	print	test	whence	
-.TE
-.PP
-In the future, the additional ksh special and regular commands may
-be treated differently from the POSIX special and regular commands.
-.PP
+.Pp
+POSIX special commands
+.Pp
+.Ic \&. , \&: , break , continue ,
+.Ic eval , exec , exit , export ,
+.Ic readonly , return , set , shift ,
+.Ic trap , unset
+.Pp
+Additional ksh special commands
+.Pp
+.Ic builtin , times , typeset
+.Pp
+Very special commands (non-POSIX mode)
+.Pp
+.Ic alias , readonly , set , typset
+.Pp
+POSIX regular commands
+.Pp
+.Ic alias , bg , cd , command ,
+.Ic false , fc , fg , getopts ,
+.Ic jobs , kill , read , true ,
+.Ic umask , unalias , wait
+.Pp
+Additional ksh regular commands
+.Pp
+.Ic \&[ , echo , let , print ,
+.Ic pwd , test , ulimit , whence
+.Pp
+In the future, the additional ksh special and regular commands may be treated
+differently from the POSIX special and regular commands.
+.Pp
 Once the type of the command has been determined, any command line parameter
 assignments are performed and exported for the duration of the command.
-.PP
-The following describes the special and regular built-in commands:
-.\"{{{  . file [ arg1 ... ]
-.IP "\fB\&.\fP \fIfile\fP [\fIarg1\fP ...]"
-Execute the commands in \fIfile\fP in the current environment.
-The file is searched for in the directories of \fBPATH\fP.
-If arguments are given, the positional parameters may be used to
-access them while \fIfile\fP is being executed.
-If no arguments are given, the positional parameters are those of the
-environment the command is used in.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  : [ ... ]
-.IP "\fB:\fP [ ... ]"
-The null command.
-Exit status is set to zero.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  alias [ -d | +-t [ -r ] ] [+-px] [+-] [name1[=value1] ...]
-.IP "\fBalias\fP [ \fB\-d\fP | \fB\(+-t\fP [\fB\-r\fP] ] [\fB\(+-px\fP] [\fB\(+-\fP] [\fIname1\fP[\fB=\fP\fIvalue1\fP] ...]"
-Without arguments, \fBalias\fP lists all aliases.
-For any name without a value, the existing alias is listed.
-Any name with a value defines an alias (see Aliases above).
-.sp
-When listing aliases, one of two formats is used: 
-normally, aliases are listed as \fIname\fP\fB=\fP\fIvalue\fP, where
-\fIvalue\fP is quoted; if options were preceded with \fB+\fP 
-or a lone \fB+\fP is given on the command line, only \fIname\fP
-is printed.
-In addition, if the \fB\-p\fP option is used, each alias
-is prefixed with the string "\fBalias\fP\ ".
-.sp
-The \fB\-x\fP option sets (\fB+x\fP clears) the export attribute of an alias,
-or, if no names are given, lists the aliases with the export attribute
-(exporting an alias has no effect).
-.sp
-The \fB\-x\fP option sets the export attribute of an alias, or, if no
-names are given, lists the aliases with the export attribute
-(exporting an alias currently has no effect).
-.sp
-The \fB\-t\fP option indicates that tracked aliases are to be listed/set
-(values specified on the command line are ignored for tracked aliases).
-The \fB\-r\fP option indicates that all tracked aliases are to be reset.
-.sp
-The \fB\-d\fP causes directory aliases, which are used in tilde expansion,
-to be listed or set (see Tilde Expansion above).
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  bg [job ...]
-.IP "\fBbg\fP [\fIjob\fP ...]"
-Resume the specified stopped job(s) in the background.
-If no jobs are specified, \fB%+\fP is assumed.
-This command is only available on systems which support job control.
-See Job Control below for more information.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  bind [-l] [-m] [key[=editing-command] ...]
-.IP "\fBbind\fP [\fB\-m\fP] [\fIkey\fP[\fB=\fP\fIediting-command\fP] ...]"
-Set or view the current emacs command editing key bindings/macros.
-See Emacs Interactive Input Line Editing below for a complete description.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  break [level]
-.IP "\fBbreak\fP [\fIlevel\fP]"
-\fBbreak\fP exits the \fIlevel\fPth inner most for, select, until, or while
+.Pp
+The following described the special and regular built-in commands:
+.Bl -tag -width Ds
+.It Ic \&. Ar file Op Ar arg1 ...
+Execute the commands in
+.Ar file
+in the current environment. The file is searched for in the directories of
+.Ev PATH .
+If arguments are given, the positional parameters may be used to access them
+while
+.Ar file
+is being executed. If no arguments are given, the positional parameters are
+those of the environment the command is used in.
+.It Ic \&: Op Ar ...
+The null command. Exit status is set to zero.
+.It Xo Ic alias No [\ -d\ |\ +-t\ [-r]\ ]\ [+-px]\ [+-]
+.Sm off
+.Op Ar name1 No [= Ar value1 No \&]\ \&.\&.\&.
+.Sm on
+.Xc
+Without arguments,
+.Ic alias
+lists all aliases. For any name without a value, the existing alias is listed.
+Any name with a value defines an alias (see
+.Sx Aliases
+above).
+.Pp
+When listing aliases, one of two formats is used. Normally, aliases are listed
+as
+.Ar name Ns No = Ar value ,
+where
+.Ar value
+is quoted. If options were preceded with
+.Dq \&+ ,
+or a lone \&+ is given on the command line, only
+.Ar name
+is printed. In addition, if the
+.Fl p
+option is used, each alias is prefixed with the string
+.Dq alias\ \& .
+.Pp
+The
+.Fl x
+option sets
+.Po Ic \&+x
+\ clears
+.Pc
+the export attribute of an alias, or, if no names are given, lists the aliases
+with the export attribute (exporting an alias has no effect).
+.Pp
+The
+.Fl t
+option indicates that tracked aliases are to be listed/set (values specified on
+the command line are ignored for tracked aliases). The
+.Fl r
+option indicates that all tracked aliases are to be reset.
+.Pp
+The
+.Fl d
+option causes directory aliases, which are used in tilde expansion, to be
+listed or set (see
+.Sx Tilde expansion
+above).
+.It Ic bg Op Ar job ...
+Resume the specified stopped job(s) in the background. If no jobs are
+specified,
+.Ic %\&+
+is assumed. This command is only available on systems which support job
+control (see
+.Sx Job control
+below for more information).
+.It Xo Ic bind [ \&-m ]
+.Sm off
+.Oo Ar key No [= Ar editing-command No ]\ ... Oc
+.Xc
+.Sm on
+Set or view the current emacs command editing key bindings/macros (see
+.Sx Emacs interactive input line editing
+below for a complete description).
+.It Ic break Op Ar level
+Exit the
+.Ar level Ns th
+inner-most
+.Ic for ,
+.Ic select ,
+.Ic until ,
+or
+.Ic while
+loop.
+.Ar level
+defaults to 1.
+.It Ic builtin Ar command Op Ar arg1 ...
+Execute the built-in command
+.Ar command .
+.It Xo Ic cd Op Fl LP
+.Op Ar dir
+.Xc
+Set the working directory to
+.Ar dir .
+If the parameter
+.Ev CDPATH
+is set, it lists the search path for the directory containing
+.Ar dir .
+A
+.Dv NULL
+path means the current directory. If
+.Ar dir
+is found in any component of the
+.Ev CDPATH
+search path other than the
+.Dv NULL
+path, the name of the new working directory will be written to standard output.
+If
+.Ar dir
+is missing, the home directory
+.Ev HOME
+is used. If
+.Ar dir
+is
+.Dq \&- ,
+the previous working directory is used (see
+.Ev OLDPWD
+parameter). If the
+.Fl L
+option (logical path) is used or if the
+.Ic physical
+option (see
+.Ic set
+command below) isn't set, references to
+.Dq \&.\&.
+in
+.Ar dir
+are relative to the path used to get to the directory. If the
+.Fl P
+option (physical path) is used or if the
+.Ic physical
+option is set,
+.Dq \&.\&.
+is relative to the filesystem directory tree. The
+.Ev PWD
+and
+.Ev OLDPWD
+parameters are updated to reflect the current and old working directory,
+respectively.
+.It Xo Ic cd Op Fl LP
+.Ar old new
+.Xc
+The string
+.Ar new
+is substituted for
+.Ar old
+in the current directory, and the shell attempts to change to the new
+directory.
+.It Xo Ic command Op Fl pvV
+.Ar cmd Op Ar arg1 ...
+.Xc
+If neither the
+.Fl v
+nor
+.Fl V
+options are given,
+.Ar cmd
+is executed exactly as if the
+.Ic command
+had not been specified, with two exceptions. First,
+.Ar cmd
+cannot be a shell function, and second, special built-in commands lose their
+specialness (i.e., redirection and utility errors do not cause the shell to
+exit, and command assignments are not permanent). If the
+.Fl p
+option is given, a default search path is used instead of the current value of
+.Ev PATH
+(the actual value of the default path is system dependent; on POSIXish systems,
+it is the value returned by
+.Ic getconf CS_PATH ) .
+.Pp
+If the
+.Fl v
+option is given, instead of executing
+.Ar cmd ,
+information about what would be executed is given (and the same is done for
+.Ar arg1 ... ) .
+For special and regular built-in commands and functions, their names are simply
+printed; for aliases, a command that defines them is printed; and for commands
+found by searching the
+.Ev PATH
+parameter, the full path of the command is printed. If no command is found
+(i.e., the path search fails), nothing is printed and
+.Ic command
+exits with a non-zero status. The
+.Fl V
+option is like the
+.Fl v
+option, except it is more verbose.
+.It Ic continue Op Ar level
+Jumps to the beginning of the
+.Ar level Ns th
+inner-most
+.Ic for ,
+.Ic select ,
+.Ic until ,
+or
+.Ic while
 loop.
-\fIlevel\fP defaults to 1.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  builtin command [arg1 ...]
-.IP "\fBbuiltin\fP \fIcommand\fP [\fIarg1\fP ...]"
-Execute the built-in command \fIcommand\fP.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  cd [-LP] [dir]
-.IP "\fBcd\fP [\fB\-LP\fP] [\fIdir\fP]"
-Set the working directory to \fIdir\fP.  If the parameter \fBCDPATH\fP
-is set, it lists directories to search in for \fIdir\fP.
-\fIdir\fP.  An empty entry in the \fBCDPATH\fP entry means the current
-directory.  If a non-empty directory from \fBCDPATH\fP is used, the resulting
-full path is printed to standard output.  If \fIdir\fP is found in any
-component of the \fBCDPATH\fP search path other than the null path the name
-of the new working directory will be written to standard output. If
-\fIdir\fP is missing, the home directory \fB$HOME\fP is used.  If \fIdir\fP
-is \fB\-\fP, the previous working directory is used (see OLDPWD parameter).
-If \fB\-L\fP option (logical path) is used or if the \fBphysical\fP option
-(see \fBset\fP command below) isn't set, references to \fB..\fP in \fIdir\fP
-are relative to the path used get to the directory.
-If \fB\-P\fP option (physical path) is used or if the \fBphysical\fP option
-is set, \fB..\fP is relative to the filesystem directory tree.
-The \fBPWD\fP and \fBOLDPWD\fP parameters are updated to reflect the
-current and old wording directory, respectively.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  cd [-LP] old new
-.IP "\fBcd\fP [\fB\-LP\fP] \fIold new\fP"
-The string \fInew\fP is substituted for \fIold\fP in the current
-directory, and the shell attempts to change to the new directory.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  command [ -pvV ] cmd [arg1 ...]
-.IP "\fBcommand\fP [\fB\-pvV\fP] \fIcmd\fP [\fIarg1\fP ...]"
-If neither the \fB\-v\fP nor \fB\-V\fP options are given,
-\fIcmd\fP
-is executed exactly as if the \fBcommand\fP had not been specified,
-with two exceptions: first, \fIcmd\fP cannot be a shell function, and
-second, special built-in commands lose their specialness (\fIi.e.\fP,
-redirection and utility errors do not cause the shell to exit, and command
-assignments are not permanent).
-If the \fB\-p\fP option is given, a default search path is used instead of
-the current value of \fBPATH\fP (the actual value of the default path is
-system dependent: on POSIXish systems, it is the value returned by
-.ce
-\fBgetconf CS_PATH\fP
-).
-.sp
-If the \fB\-v\fP option is given, instead of executing \fIcmd\fP, information
-about what would be executed is given (and the same is done for
-\fIarg1\fP ...):
-for special and regular built-in commands and functions,
-their names are simply printed,
-for aliases, a command that defines them is printed,
-and for commands found by searching the \fBPATH\fP parameter,
-the full path of the command is printed.
-If no command is be found, (\fIi.e.\fP, the path search fails), nothing
-is printed and \fBcommand\fP exits with a non-zero status.
-The \fB\-V\fP option is like the \fB\-v\fP option, except it is more verbose.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  continue [levels]
-.IP "\fBcontinue\fP [\fIlevels\fP]"
-\fBcontinue\fP jumps to the beginning of the \fIlevel\fPth inner most for,
-select, until, or while loop.
-\fIlevel\fP defaults to 1.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  echo [-neE] [arg ...]
-.IP "\fBecho\fP [\fB\-neE\fP] [\fIarg\fP ...]"
-Prints its arguments (separated by spaces) followed by a newline, to
-standard out.
-The newline is suppressed if any of the arguments contain the backslash
-sequence \fB\ec\fP.
-See \fBprint\fP command below for a list of other backslash sequences
-that are recognized.
-.sp
-The options are provided for compatibility with BSD shell scripts:
-\fB\-n\fP suppresses the trailing newline, \fB\-e\fP enables backslash
-interpretation (a no-op, since this is normally done), and \fB\-E\fP which
-suppresses backslash interpretation.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  eval command ...
-.IP "\fBeval\fP \fIcommand ...\fP"
-The arguments are concatenated (with spaces between them) to form
-a single string which the shell then parses and executes
-in the current environment.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  exec [command [arg ...]]
-.IP "\fBexec\fP [\fIcommand\fP [\fIarg\fP ...]]"
+.Ar level
+defaults to 1.
+.It Xo Ic echo Op Fl neE
+.Op Ar arg ...
+.Xc
+Prints its arguments (separated by spaces) followed by a newline, to the
+standard output. The newline is suppressed if any of the arguments contain the
+backslash sequence
+.Dq \ec .
+See the
+.Ic print
+command below for a list of other backslash sequences that are recognized.
+.Pp
+The options are provided for compatibility with
+.Bx
+shell scripts. The
+.Fl n
+option suppresses the trailing newline,
+.Fl e
+enables backslash interpretation (a no-op, since this is normally done), and
+.Fl E
+which suppresses backslash interpretation.
+.It Ic eval Ar command ...
+The arguments are concatenated (with spaces between them) to form a single
+string which the shell then parses and executes in the current environment.
+.It Xo Ic exec
+.Op Ar command Op Ar arg ...
+.Xc
 The command is executed without forking, replacing the shell process.
-.sp
-If no arguments are given, any IO redirection is permanent and the shell
-is not replaced.
-Any file descriptors greater than 2 which are opened or \fIdup\fP(2)-ed
-in this way are not
-made available to other executed commands (\fIi.e.\fP,
-commands that are not built-in to the shell).
-Note that the Bourne shell differs here: it does pass these
-file descriptors on.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  exit [status]
-.IP "\fBexit\fP [\fIstatus\fP]"
-The shell exits with the specified exit status.
-If \fIstatus\fP is not specified, the exit status is the current
-value of the \fB?\fP parameter.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  export [-p] [parameter[=value] ...]
-.IP "\fBexport\fP [\fB\-p\fP] [\fIparameter\fP[\fB=\fP\fIvalue\fP]] ..."
-Sets the export attribute of the named parameters.
-Exported parameters are passed in the environment to executed commands.
-If values are specified, the named parameters also assigned.
-.sp
+.Pp
+If no arguments are given, and I/O redirection is permanent and the shell is
+not replaced. Any file descriptors greater than 2 which are opened or
+.Xr dup 2 Ns 'd
+in this way are not made available to other executed commands (i.e., commands
+that are not built-in to the shell). Note that the Bourne shell differs here;
+it does pass these file descriptors on.
+.It Ic exit Op Ar status
+The shell exits with the specified exit status. If
+.Ar status
+is not specified, the exit status is the current value of the
+.Ic \&?
+parameter.
+.It Xo Ic export Op Fl p
+.Op Ar parameter Ns Op \&= Ns Ar value
+.Xc
+Sets the export attribute of the named parameters. Exported parameters are
+passed in the environment to executed commands. If values are specified, the
+named parameters are also assigned.
+.Pp
 If no parameters are specified, the names of all parameters with the export
-attribute are printed one per line, unless the \fB\-p\fP option is used,
-in which case \fBexport\fP commands defining all exported
-parameters, including their values, are printed.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  false
-.IP "\fBfalse\fP"
+attribute are printed one per line, unless the
+.Fl p
+option is used, in which case
+.Ic export
+commands defining all exported parameters, including their values, are printed.
+.It Ic false
 A command that exits with a non-zero status.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  fc [-e editor | -l [-n]] [-r] [first [ last ]]
-.IP "\fBfc\fP [\fB\-e\fP \fIeditor\fP | \fB\-l\fP [\fB\-n\fP]] [\fB\-r\fP] [\fIfirst\fP [\fIlast\fP]]"
-\fIfirst\fP and \fIlast\fP select commands from the history.
-Commands can be selected by
-history number, or a string specifying the most recent command starting
-with that string.  The \fB\-l\fP option lists the command on stdout,
-and \fB\-n\fP inhibits the default command numbers.  The \fB\-r\fP
-option reverses the order of the list.  Without \fB\-l\fP, the selected
-commands are edited by the editor specified with the \fB\-e\fP
-option, or if no \fB\-e\fP is specified, the editor specified by the
-\fBFCEDIT\fP parameter (if this parameter is not set, \fB/bin/ed\fP is used),
-and then executed by the shell.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  fc [-e - | -s] [-g] [old=new] [prefix]
-.IP "\fBfc\fP [\fB\-e \-\fP | \fB\-s\fP] [\fB\-g\fP] [\fIold\fP\fB=\fP\fInew\fP] [\fIprefix\fP]"
+.It Xo Ic fc No [-e\ editor\ |\ -l\ [-n]]\ [-r]
+.Op Ar first Op Ar last
+.Xc
+.Ar first
+and
+.Ar last
+select commands from the history. Commands can be selected by history number
+or a string specifying the most recent command starting with that string. The
+.Fl l
+option lists the command on stdout, and
+.Fl n
+inhibits the default command numbers. The
+.Fl r
+option reverses the order of the list. Without
+.Fl l ,
+the selected commands are edited by the editor specified with the
+.Fl e
+option, or if no
+.Fl e
+is specified, the editor specified by the
+.Ev FCEDIT
+parameter (if this parameter is not set,
+.Pa /bin/ed
+is used), and then executed by the shell.
+.It Xo Ic fc No [-e\ -\ |\ -s]\ [-g]\ [old=new]\&
+.Op Ar prefix
+.Xc
 Re-execute the selected command (the previous command by default) after
-performing the optional substitution of \fIold\fP with \fInew\fP.  If
-\fB\-g\fP is specified, all occurrences of \fIold\fP are replaced with
-\fInew\fP.  This command is usually accessed with the predefined alias
-\fBr='fc \-e \-'\fP.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  fg [job ...]
-.IP "\fBfg\fP [\fIjob\fP ...]"
-Resume the specified job(s) in the foreground.
-If no jobs are specified, \fB%+\fP is assumed.
-This command is only available on systems which support job control.
-See Job Control below for more information.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  getopts optstring name [arg ...]
-.IP "\fBgetopts\fP \fIoptstring\fP \fIname\fP [\fIarg\fP ...]"
-\fBgetopts\fP is used by shell procedures to parse the specified arguments
-(or positional parameters, if no arguments are given) and to check for legal
-options.
-\fIoptstring\fP contains the option letters that
-\fBgetopts\fP is to recognize.  If a letter is followed by a colon, the
-option is expected to have an argument.
-Options that do not take arguments may be grouped in a single argument.
-If an option takes an argument and the option character is not the last
-character of the argument it is found in, the remainder of the argument
-is taken to be the option's argument, otherwise, the next argument is
-the option's argument.
-.sp
-Each time \fBgetopts\fP is invoked, it places the next option in
-the shell parameter \fIname\fP and the index of the next argument to be
-processed in the shell parameter \fBOPTIND\fP.
-If the option was introduced with a \fB+\fP, the option placed in
-\fIname\fP is prefixed with a \fB+\fP.
-When an option requires an argument, \fBgetopts\fP places it in the
-shell parameter \fBOPTARG\fP.
-When an illegal option or a missing option argument is
-encountered a question mark or a colon is placed in \fIname\fP
-(indicating an illegal option or missing argument, respectively)
-and \fBOPTARG\fP is set to the option character that caused the problem.
-An error message is also printed to standard error if \fIoptstring\fP
-does not begin with a colon.
-.sp
-When the end of the options is encountered, \fBgetopts\fP exits with a
-non-zero exit status.
-Options end at the first (non-option argument) argument that does not
-start with a \-, or when a \fB\-\-\fP argument is encountered.
-.sp
-Option parsing can be reset by setting \fBOPTIND\fP to 1 (this is done
-automatically whenever the shell or a shell procedure is invoked).
-.sp
-Warning: Changing the value of the shell parameter \fBOPTIND\fP to
-a value other than 1, or parsing different sets of arguments without
-resetting \fBOPTIND\fP may lead to unexpected results.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  hash [-r] [name ...]
-.IP "\fBhash\fP [\fB\-r\fP] [\fIname ...\fP]"
-Without arguments, any hashed executable command pathnames are listed.
-The \fB\-r\fP option causes all hashed commands to be removed
-from the hash table.
-Each \fIname\fP is searched as if it where a command name and added to the
-hash table if it is an executable command.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  jobs [-lpn] [job ...]
-.IP "\fBjobs\fP [\fB\-lpn\fP] [\fIjob\fP ...]"
-Display information about the specified jobs; if no jobs are specified,
-all jobs are displayed.
-The \fB\-n\fP option causes information to be displayed only for jobs
-that have changed state since the last notification.
-If the \fB\-l\fP option is used, the process-id of each process in a job
-is also listed.
-The \fB\-p\fP option causes only the process group of each job to be printed.
-See Job Control below for the format of \fIjob\fP and the displayed job.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  kill [-s signame | -signum | -signame] { job | pid | -pgrp } ...
-.IP "\fBkill\fP [\fB\-s\fP \fIsigname\fP | \fB\-signum\fP | \fB\-signame\fP ] { \fIjob\fP | \fIpid\fP | \fB\-\fP\fIpgrp\fP } ..."
-Send the specified signal to the specified jobs, process ids, or process groups.
-If no signal is specified, the signal TERM is sent.
-If a job is specified, the signal is sent to the job's process group.
-See Job Control below for the format of \fIjob\fP.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  kill -l [exit-status ...]
-.IP "\fBkill \-l\fP [\fIexit-status\fP ...]"
-Print the name of the signal that killed a process which exited with
-the specified \fIexit-status\fPes.
+performing the optional substitution of
+.Ar old
+with
+.Ar new .
+If
+.Fl g
+is specified, all occurrences of
+.Ar old
+are replaced with
+.Ar new .
+This command is usually accessed with the predefined
+.Ic alias r='fx -e -' .
+.It Ic fg Op Ar job ...
+Resume the specified job(s) in the foreground. If no jobs are specified,
+.Ic %\&+
+is assumed. This command is only available on systems which support job
+control (see
+.Sx Job control
+below for more information).
+.It Xo Ic getopts Ar optstring name
+.Op Ar arg ...
+.Xc
+Used by shell procedures to parse the specified arguments (or positional
+parameters, if no arguments are given) and to check for legal options.
+.Ar optstring
+contains the option letters that
+.Ic getopts
+is to recognize. If a letter is followed by a colon, the option is expected to
+ahve an argument. Options that do not take arguments may be grouped in a single
+argument. If an option takes an argument and the option character is not the
+last character of the argument it is found in, the remainder of the argument is
+taken to be the option's argument, otherwise, the next argument is the option's
+argument.
+.Pp
+Each time
+.Ic getopts
+is invoked, it places the next option in the shell parameter
+.Ar name
+and the index of the next argument to be processed in the shell parameter
+.Ev OPTIND .
+If the option was introduced with a
+.Dq \&+ ,
+the option places in
+.Ar name
+is prefixed with a
+.Dq \&+ .
+When an option requires an argument,
+.Ic getopts
+places it in the shell parameter
+.Ev OPTARG .
+When an illegal option or a missing option argument is encountered, a question
+mark or a colon is placed in
+.Ar name
+(indicating an illegal option or missing argument, respectively) and
+.Ev OPTAG
+is set to the option character that caused the problem. An error message is
+also printed to standard error if
+.Ar optstring
+does not being with a colon.
+.Pp
+When the end of the options is encountered,
+.Ic getopts
+exits with a non-zero exit status. Options end at the first (non-option
+argument) argument that does not start with a
+.Dq \&- ,
+or when a
+.Dq \&-\&-
+argument is encountered.
+.Pp
+Option parsing can be reset by setting
+.Ev OPTIND
+to 1 (this is done automatically whenever the shell or a shell procedure is
+invoked).
+.Pp
+Warning: Changing the value of the shell parameter
+.Ev OPTIND
+to a value other than 1, or parsing different sets of arguments without
+resetting
+.Ev OPTIND
+may lead to unexpected results.
+.It Xo Ic hash Op Fl r
+.Op Ar name ...
+.Xc
+Without arguments, any hashed executable command pathnames are listed. The
+.Fl r
+option causes all hashed commands to be removed from the hash table. Each
+.Ar name
+is searched as if it were a command name and added to the hash table if it is
+an executable command.
+.It Xo Ic jobs Op Fl lpn
+.Op Ar job ...
+.Xc
+Display information about the specified job(s); if no jobs are specified, all
+jobs are displayed. The
+.Fl n
+option causes information to be displayed only for jobs that have changed
+state since the last notification. If the
+.Fl l
+option is used, the process ID of each process in a job is also listed. The
+.Fl p
+option causes only the process group of each job to be printed. See
+.Sx Job control
+below for the format of
+.Ar job
+and the displayed job.
+.It Xo Ic kill No [-s\ signame\ |\ -signum\ |\ -signame\ ]\ {\ job\ |\ pid\ |
+.No -pgrp\ }\ \&.\&.\&.
+.Xc
+Send the specified signal to the specified jobs, process IDs, or process
+groups. If no signal is specified, the
+.Dv TERM
+signal is sent. If a job is specified, the signal is sent to the job's
+process group. See
+.Sx Job control
+below for the format of
+.Ar job .
+.It Ic kill -l Op Ar exit-status ...
+Print the name of the signal that killed a process which exited with the
+specified
+.Ar exit-status Ns es.
 If no arguments are specified, a list of all the signals, their numbers and
 a short description of them are printed.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  let [expression ...]
-.IP "\fBlet\fP [\fIexpression\fP ...]"
-Each expression is evaluated, see Arithmetic Expressions above.
-If all expressions are successfully evaluated, the exit status
-is 0 (1) if the last expression evaluated to non-zero (zero).
-If an error occurs during the parsing or evaluation of an expression,
-the exit status is greater than 1.
-Since expressions may need to be
-quoted, \fB((\fP \fIexpr\fP \fB))\fP is syntactic sugar for \fBlet
-"\fP\fIexpr\fP\fB"\fP.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  print [-nprsun | -R [-en]] [argument ...]
-.IP "\fBprint\fP [\fB\-nprsu\fP\fIn\fP | \fB\-R\fP [\fB\-en\fP]] [\fIargument ...\fP]"
-\fBPrint\fP prints its arguments on the standard output, separated by
-spaces, and terminated with a newline.  The \fB\-n\fP option suppresses
-the newline.  By default, certain C escapes are translated.  These
-include \eb, \ef, \en, \er, \et, \ev, and \e0### (# is an octal digit, of
-which there may be 0 to 3).
-\ec is equivalent to using the \fB\-n\fP option.  \e expansion may be
-inhibited with the \fB\-r\fP option.
-The \fB\-s\fP option prints to the history file instead of standard output,
-the \fB\-u\fP option prints to file descriptor \fIn\fP (\fIn\fP
-defaults to 1 if omitted), and the \fB\-p\fP option prints to the co-process
-(see Co-Processes above).
-.sp
-The \fB\-R\fP option is used to emulate, to some degree, the BSD echo
-command, which does not process \e sequences unless the \fB\-e\fP option
-is given.
-As above, the \fB\-n\fP option suppresses the trailing newline.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  pwd [-LP]
-.IP "\fBpwd\fP [\fB\-LP\fP]"
-Print the present working directory.
-If \fB\-L\fP option is used or if the \fBphysical\fP option
-(see \fBset\fP command below) isn't set, the logical path is printed
-(\fIi.e.\fP, the path used to \fBcd\fP to the current directory).
-If \fB\-P\fP option (physical path) is used or if the \fBphysical\fP option
-is set, the path determined from the filesystem (by following \fB..\fP
+.It Ic let Op Ar expression ...
+Each expression is evaluated (see
+.Sx Arithmetic expressions
+above). If all expressions are successfully evaluated, the exit status is 0 (1)
+if the last expression evaluated to non-zero (zero). If an error occurs during
+the parsing or evaluation of an expression, the exit status is greater than 1.
+Since expressions may need to be quoted,
+.Ic (( Ar expr Ic ))
+is syntactic sugar for
+.Ic let \&" Ns Ar expr Ns Ic \&" .
+.It Xo Ic print Oo Fl nprsu Ns Ar n
+.Li | Fl R No [-en] Oc [argument\ ...]
+.Xc
+.Ic print
+prints its arguments on the standard output, separated by spaces, and
+terminated with a newline. The
+.Fl n
+option suppresses the newline. By default, certain C escapes are translated.
+These include
+.Dq \eb ,
+.Dq \ef ,
+.Dq \en ,
+.Dq \er ,
+.Dq \et ,
+.Dq \ev ,
+and
+.Dq \e0###
+.Po
+.Dq #
+is an octal digit, of which there may be 0 to 3
+.Pc .
+.Dq \ec
+is equivalent to using the
+.Fl n
+option.
+.Dq \e
+expansion may be inhibited with the
+.Fl r
+option. The
+.Fl s
+option prints to the history file instead of standard output, the
+.Fl u
+option prints to file descriptor
+.Ar n
+.Po
+.Ar n
+defaults to 1 if omitted
+.Pc ,
+and the
+.Fl p
+option prints to the co-process (see
+.Sx Co-processes
+above).
+.Pp
+The
+.Fl R
+option is used to emulate, to some degree, the
+.Bx
+.Xr echo
+command, which does not process
+.Dq \e
+sequences unless the
+.Fl e
+option is given. As above, the
+.Fl n
+option suppresses the trailing newline.
+.It Ic pwd Op Fl LP
+Print the present working directory. If the
+.Fl L
+option is used or if the
+.Ic physical
+option (see
+.Ic set
+command below) isn't set, the logical path is printed (i.e., the path used to
+.Ic cd
+to the current directory). If the
+.Fl P
+option (physical path) is used or if the
+.Ic physical
+option is set, the path determined from the filesystem (by following
+.Dq \&.\&.
 directories to the root directory) is printed.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  read [-prsun] [parameter ...]
-.IP "\fBread\fP [\fB\-prsu\fP\fIn\fP] [\fIparameter ...\fP]"
-Reads a line of input from standard input, separate the line into fields using
-the \fBIFS\fP parameter (see Substitution above), and assign each field to the
-specified parameters.
-If there are more parameters than fields, the extra parameters are set to null,
+.It Xo Ic read Oo Fl prsu Ns Ar n
+.Oc Op Ar parameter ...
+.Xc
+Reads a line of input from the standard input, separates the line into fields
+using the
+.Ev IFS
+parameter (see
+.Sx Substitution
+above), and assigns each field to the specified parameters. If there are more
+parameters than fields, the extra parameters are set to
+.Dv NULL ,
 or alternatively, if there are more fields than parameters, the last parameter
-is assigned the remaining fields (inclusive of any separating spaces).
-If no parameters are specified, the \fBREPLY\fP parameter is used.
-If the input line ends in a backslash and the \fB\-r\fP option was not used, the
-backslash and newline are stripped and more input is read.
-If no input is read, \fBread\fP exits with a non-zero status.
-.sp
+is assigned the remaining fields (inclusive of any separating spaces). If no
+parameters are specified, the
+.Ev REPLY
+parameter is used. If the input line ends in a backslash and the
+.Fl r
+option was not used, the backslash and the newline are stripped and more input
+is read. If no input is read,
+.Ic read
+exits with a non-zero status.
+.Pp
 The first parameter may have a question mark and a string appended to it, in
 which case the string is used as a prompt (printed to standard error before
-any input is read) if the input is a tty
-(\fIe.g.\fP, \fBread nfoo?'number of foos: '\fP).
-.sp
-The \fB\-u\fP\fIn\fP and \fB\-p\fP options cause input to be read
-from file descriptor \fIn\fP or the current co-process (see Co-Processes above
-for comments on this), respectively.
-If the \fB\-s\fP option is used, input is saved to the history file.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  readonly [-p] [parameter[=value] ...]
-.IP "\fBreadonly\fP [\fB\-p\fP] [\fIparameter\fP[\fB=\fP\fIvalue\fP]] ..."
-Sets the readonly attribute of the named parameters.  If values are given,
-parameters are set to them before setting the attribute.
-Once a parameter is made readonly, it cannot be unset and its value cannot
-be changed.
-.sp
-If no parameters are specified, the names of all parameters with the readonly
-attribute are printed one per line, unless the \fB\-p\fP option is used,
-in which case \fBreadonly\fP commands defining all readonly
-parameters, including their values, are printed.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  return [status]
-.IP "\fBreturn\fP [\fIstatus\fP]"
-Returns from a function or \fB.\fP script, with exit status \fIstatus\fP.
-If no \fIstatus\fP is given, the exit status of the last executed command
-is used.
-If used outside of a function or \fB.\fP script, it has the same effect
-as \fBexit\fP.
-Note that pdksh treats both profile and \fB$ENV\fP files as \fB.\fP scripts,
-while the original Korn shell only treats profiles as \fB.\fP scripts.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  set [+-abCefhkmnpsuvxX] [+-o [option]] [+-A name] [--] [arg ...]
-.IP "\fBset\fP [\fB\(+-abCefhkmnpsuvxX\fP] [\fB\(+-o\fP [\fIoption\fP]] [\fB\(+-A\fP \fIname\fP] [\fB\-\-\fP] [\fIarg\fP ...]"
-The set command can be used to set (\fB\-\fP) or clear (\fB+\fP) shell options,
-set the positional parameters, or set an array parameter.
-Options can be changed using the \fB\(+-o\fP \fIoption\fP syntax,
-where \fIoption\fP is the long name of an option, or using
-the \fB\(+-\fP\fIletter\fP syntax, where \fIletter\fP is the
-option's single letter name (not all options have a single letter name).
+any input is read) if the input is a tty (e.g.,
+.Ic read nfoo?'number of foos: ' ) .
+.Pp
+The
+.Fl u Ns Ar n
+and
+.Fl p
+options cause input to be read from file descriptor
+.Ar n
+or the current co-process (see
+.Sx Co-processes
+above for comments on this), respectively. If the
+.Fl s
+option is used, input is saved to the history file.
+.It Xo Ic readonly Op Fl p
+.Sm off
+.Oo Ar parameter Op = Ar value Oc \ ...
+.Sm on
+.Xc
+Sets the read-only attribute of the named parameters. If values are given,
+parameters are set to them before setting the attribute. Once a parameter is
+made read-only, it cannot be unset and its value cannot be changed.
+.Pp
+If no parameters are specified, the names of all parameters with the read-only
+attribute are printed one per line, unless the
+.Fl p
+option is used, in which case
+.Ic readonly
+commands defining all read-only parameters, including their values, are
+printed.
+.It Ic return Op Ar status
+Returns from a function or
+.Ic \&.
+script, with exit status
+.Ar status .
+If no
+.Ar status
+is given, the exit status of the last executed command is used. If used
+outside of a function or
+.Ic \&.
+script, it has the same effect as
+.Ic exit .
+Note that
+.Nm pdksh
+treats both profile and
+.Ev ENV
+files as
+.Ic \&.
+scripts, while the original Korn shell only treats profiles as
+.Ic \&.
+scripts.
+.It Xo Ic set No [+-abCefhkmnpsuvxX]\ [+-o\ [option]]\ [+-A\ name]\ [--]\&
+.Op Ar arg ...
+.Xc
+The set command can be used to set
+.Pq Ic \&-
+or clear
+.Pq Ic \&+
+shell options, set the positional parameters, or set an array parameter.
+Options can be changed using the
+.Ic \&+ Ns Fl o Ar option
+syntax, where
+.Ar option
+is the long name of an option, or using the
+.Ic \&+\&- Ns Ar letter
+syntax, where
+.Ar letter
+is the option's single letter name (not all options have a single letter name).
 The following table lists both option letters (if they exist) and long names
-along with a description of what the option does.
-.sp
-.TS
-expand;
-afB lfB lw(3i).
-\-A		T{
-Sets the elements of the array parameter \fIname\fP to \fIarg\fP ...;
-If \fB\-A\fP is used, the array is reset (\fIi.e.\fP, emptied) first;
-if \fB+A\fP is used, the first N elements are set (where N is the number
-of \fIarg\fPs), the rest are left untouched.
-T}
-\-a	allexport	T{
-all new parameters are created with the export attribute
-T}
-\-b	notify	T{
+along with a description of what the option does:
+.Bl -tag -width 15n
+.It Fl A
+Sets the elements of the array parameter
+.Ar name
+to
+.Ar arg ... .
+If
+.Fl A
+is used, the array is reset (i.e., emptied) first; if
+.Ic \&+A
+is used, the first N elements are set (where N is the number of
+.Ar arg Ns s ) ,
+the rest are left untouched.
+.It Fl a Ic allexport
+All new parameters are created with the export attribute.
+.It Fl b Ic notify
 Print job notification messages asynchronously, instead of just before the
-prompt.
-Only used if job control is enabled (\fB\-m\fP).
-T}
-\-C	noclobber	T{
-Prevent \fB>\fP redirection from overwriting existing files (\fB>|\fP must
-be used to force an overwrite).
-T}
-\-e	errexit	T{
-Exit (after executing the \fBERR\fP trap) as soon as an error occurs or
-a command fails (\fIi.e.\fP, exits with a non-zero status).
-This does not apply to commands whose exit status is explicitly tested by a
-shell construct such as \fBif\fP, \fBuntil\fP, \fBwhile\fP, \fB&&\fP or
-\fB||\fP statements.
-T}
-\-f	noglob	T{
+prompt. Only used if job control is enabled
+.Pq Fl m .
+.It Fl C Ic noclobber
+Prevent
+.Ic \&>
+redirection from overwriting existing files
+.Po
+.Ic \&>\&|
+must be used to force an overwrite
+.Pc .
+.It Fl e Ic errexit
+Exit (after executing the
+.Dv ERR
+trap) as soon as an error occurs or a command fails (i.e., exits with a
+non-zero status). This does not apply to commands whose exit status is
+explicitly tested by a shell construct such as
+.Ic if ,
+.Ic until ,
+.Ic while ,
+.Ic \&&\&& ,
+or
+.Ic \&|\&|
+statements.
+.It Fl f Ic noglob
 Do not expand file name patterns.
-T}
-\-h	trackall	T{
-Create tracked aliases for all executed commands (see Aliases above).
-On by default for non-interactive shells.
-T}
-\-i	interactive	T{
-Enable interactive mode \- this can only be set/unset when the shell is
-invoked.
-T}
-\-k	keyword	T{
+.It Fl h Ic trackall
+Create tracked aliases for all executed commands (see
+.Sx Aliases
+above). Enabled by default for non-interactive shells.
+.It Fl i Ic interactive
+Enable interactive mode. This can only be set/unset when the shell is invoked.
+.It Fl k Ic keyword
 Parameter assignments are recognized anywhere in a command.
-T}
-\-l	login	T{
-The shell is a login shell \- this can only be set/unset when the shell is
-invoked (see Shell Startup above).
-T}
-\-m	monitor	T{
+.It Fl l Ic login
+The shell is a login shell. This can only be set/unset when the shell is
+invoked (see
+.Sx Shell startup
+above).
+.It Fl m Ic monitor
 Enable job control (default for interactive shells).
-T}
-\-n	noexec	T{
-Do not execute any commands \- useful for checking the syntax of scripts
+.It Fl n lc noexec
+Do not execute any commands. Useful for checking the syntax of scripts
 (ignored if interactive).
-T}
-\-p	privileged	T{
-Set automatically if, when the shell starts, the read uid or gid does not
-match the effective uid or gid, respectively.
-See Shell Startup above for a description of what this
-means.
-T}
--r	restricted	T{
-Enable restricted mode \(em this option can only be used when the shell is
-invoked.  See Shell Startup above for a description of what this
-means.
-T}
-\-s	stdin	T{
-If used when the shell is invoked, commands are read from standard input.
-Set automatically if the shell is invoked with no arguments.
-.sp
-When \fB\-s\fP is used in the \fBset\fP command, it causes the specified
-arguments to be sorted before assigning them to the positional parameters
-(or to array \fIname\fP, if \fB\-A\fP is used).
-T}
-\-u	nounset	T{
-Referencing of an unset parameter is treated as an error, unless
-one of the \fB\-\fP, \fB+\fP or \fB=\fP modifiers is used.
-T}
-\-v	verbose	T{
+.It Fl p Ic privileged
+Set automatically if, when the shell starts, the read UID or GID does not match
+the effective UID (EUID) or GID (EGID), respectively. See
+.Sx Shell startup
+above for a description of what this means.
+.It Fl r Ic restricted
+Enable restricted mode. This option can only be used when the shell is invoked.
+See
+.Sx Shell startup
+above for a description of what this means.
+.It Fl s Ic stdin
+If used where the shell is invoked, commands are read from standard input. Set
+automatically if the shell is invoked with no arguments.
+.Pp
+When
+.Fl s
+is used with the
+.Ic set
+command it causes the specified arguments to be sorted before assigning them to
+the positional parameters (or to array
+.Ar name ,
+if
+.Fl A
+is used).
+.It Fl u Ic nounset
+Referencing of an unset parameter is treated as an error, unless one of the
+.Dq \&- ,
+.Dq \&+
+or
+.Dq =
+modifiers is used.
+.It Fl v Ic verbose
 Write shell input to standard error as it is read.
-T}
-\-x	xtrace	T{
-Print commands and parameter assignments when they are executed,
-preceded by the value of \fBPS4\fP.
-T}
-\-X	markdirs	T{
-Mark directories with a trailing \fB/\fP during file name generation.
-T}
-	bgnice	T{
+.It Fl x Ic xtrace
+Print commands and parameter assignments when they are executed, preceded by
+the value of
+.Ev PS4 .
+.It Fl X Ic markdirs
+Mark directories with a trailing
+.Dq /
+during file name generation.
+.It Ic bgnice
 Background jobs are run with lower priority.
-T}
-	braceexpand	T{
-Enable brace expansion (aka, alternation).
-T}
-	emacs	T{
-Enable BRL emacs-like command line editing (interactive shells only);
-see Emacs Interactive Input Line Editing.
-T}
-	gmacs	T{
-Enable gmacs-like (Gosling emacs) command line editing (interactive shells
-only);
-currently identical to emacs editing except that transpose (^T) acts
-slightly differently.
-T}
-	ignoreeof	T{
-The shell will not exit on when end-of-file is read, \fBexit\fP must be used.
-T}
-	nohup	T{
-Do not kill running jobs with a \fBHUP\fP signal when a login shell exists.
-Currently set by default, but this will change in the future to be compatible
-with the original Korn shell (which doesn't have this option, but does
-send the \fBHUP\fP signal).
-T}
-	nolog	T{
-No effect \- in the original Korn shell, this prevents function definitions
-from being stored in the history file.
-T}
-	physical	T{
-Causes the \fBcd\fP and \fBpwd\fP commands to use `physical'
-(\fIi.e.\fP, the filesystem's) \fB..\fP directories instead of `logical'
-directories (\fIi.e.\fP,  the shell handles \fB..\fP, which allows the user
-to be oblivious of symlink links to directories).
-Clear by default.  Note that setting
-this option does not effect the current value of the \fBPWD\fP parameter;
-only the \fBcd\fP command changes \fBPWD\fP.
-See the \fBcd\fP and \fBpwd\fP commands above for more details.
-T}
-	posix	T{
-Enable posix mode.  See POSIX Mode above.
-T}
-	vi	T{
+.It Ic braceexapnd
+Enable brace expansion (a.k.a., alternation).
+.It Ic emacs
+Enable BRL emacs-like command line editing (interactive shells only); see
+.Sx Emacs interactive input line editing
+below.
+.It Ic gmacs
+Enable gmacs-like command line editing (interactive shells only). Currently
+identical to emacs editing except that transpose (^T) acts slightly
+differently.
+.It Ic ignoreeof
+The shell will not exit when end-of-file is read;
+.Ic exit
+must be used.
+.It Ic nohup
+Do not kill running jobs with a
+.Dv HUP
+signal when a login shell exists. Currently set by default, but this will
+change in the future to be compatible with the original Korn shell (which
+doesn't have this option, but does send the
+.Dv HUP
+signal).
+.It Ic nolog
+No effect. In the original Korn shell, this prevents function definitions from
+being stored in the history file.
+.It Ic physical
+Causes the
+.Ic cd
+and
+.Ic pwd
+commands to use
+.Dq physical
+(i.e., the filesystem's)
+.Dq \&.\&.
+directories instead of
+.Dq logical
+directories (i.e., the shell handles
+.Dq \&.\&. ,
+which allows the user to be oblivious of symbolic links to directories). Clear
+by default. Note that setting this option does not affect the current value of
+the
+.Ev PWD
+parameter; only the
+.Ic cd
+command changes
+.Ev PWD .
+See the
+.Ic cd
+and
+.Ic pwd
+commands above for more details.
+.It Ic posix
+Enable POSIX mode. See
+.Sx POSIX mode
+above.
+.It Ic vi
 Enable vi-like command line editing (interactive shells only).
-T}
-	viraw	T{
-No effect \- in the original Korn shell, unless viraw was set, the vi command
-line mode would let the tty driver do the work until ESC (^[) was entered.
-pdksh is always in viraw mode.
-T}
-	vi-esccomplete	T{
-In vi command line editing, do command / file name completion when
-escape (^[) is entered in command mode.
-T}
-	vi-show8	T{
-Prefix characters with the eighth bit set with `M-'.
-If this option is not set, characters in the range
-128-160 are printed as is, which may cause problems.
-T}
-	vi-tabcomplete	T{
-In vi command line editing, do command / file name completion when
-tab (^I) is entered in insert mode.
-T}
-.TE
-.sp
-These options can also be used upon invocation of the shell.  The current
-set of options (with single letter names) can be found in the
-parameter \fB\-\fP.
-\fBset -o\fP with no option name will list all the options and whether each
-is on or off; \fBset +o\fP will print the long names of all options that
-are currently on.
-.sp
-Remaining arguments, if any, are positional parameters and are assigned,
-in order, to the
-positional parameters (\fIi.e.\fP, \fB1\fP, \fB2\fP, \fIetc.\fP).
-If options are ended with \fB\-\-\fP and there are no remaining arguments,
-all positional parameters are cleared.
-If no options or arguments are given, then the values of all names are printed.
-For unknown historical reasons, a lone \fB\-\fP option is treated specially:
-it clears both the \fB\-x\fP and \fB\-v\fP options.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  shift [number]
-.IP "\fBshift\fP [\fInumber\fP]"
-The positional parameters \fInumber\fP+1, \fInumber\fP+2 \fIetc.\fP\& are
-renamed to \fB1\fP, \fB2\fP, \fIetc.\fP
-\fInumber\fP defaults to 1.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  test expression, [ expression ]
-.IP "\fBtest\fP \fIexpression\fP"
-.IP "\fB[\fP \fIexpression\fP \fB]\fP"
-\fBtest\fP evaluates the \fIexpression\fP and returns zero status if
-true, and 1 status if false and greater than 1 if there was an error.
-It is normally used as the
-condition command of \fBif\fP and \fBwhile\fP statements.
-The following basic expressions are available:
-.sp
-.TS
-afB ltw(2.8i).
-\fIstr\fP	T{
-\fIstr\fP has non-zero length.  Note that there is the potential
-for problems if \fIstr\fP turns out to be an operator (\fIe.g.\fP, \fB-r\fP)
-- it is generally better to use a test like
-\fB[ X"\fP\fIstr\fP\fB" != X ]\fP
-instead (double quotes are used in case \fIstr\fP contains spaces or file
-globing characters).
-T}
-\-r \fIfile\fP	T{
-\fIfile\fP exists and is readable
-T}
-\-w \fIfile\fP	T{
-\fIfile\fP exists and is writable
-T}
-\-x \fIfile\fP	T{
-\fIfile\fP exists and is executable
-T}
-\-a \fIfile\fP	T{
-\fIfile\fP exists
-T}
-\-e \fIfile\fP	T{
-\fIfile\fP exists
-T}
-\-f \fIfile\fP	T{
-\fIfile\fP is a regular file
-T}
-\-d \fIfile\fP	T{
-\fIfile\fP is a directory
-T}
-\-c \fIfile\fP	T{
-\fIfile\fP is a character special device
-T}
-\-b \fIfile\fP	T{
-\fIfile\fP is a block special device
-T}
-\-p \fIfile\fP	T{
-\fIfile\fP is a named pipe
-T}
-\-u \fIfile\fP	T{
-\fIfile\fP's mode has setuid bit set
-T}
-\-g \fIfile\fP	T{
-\fIfile\fP's mode has setgid bit set
-T}
-\-k \fIfile\fP	T{
-\fIfile\fP's mode has sticky bit set
-T}
-\-s \fIfile\fP	T{
-\fIfile\fP is not empty
-T}
-\-O \fIfile\fP	T{
-\fIfile\fP's owner is the shell's effective user-ID
-T}
-\-G \fIfile\fP	T{
-\fIfile\fP's group is the shell's effective group-ID
-T}
-\-h \fIfile\fP	T{
-\fIfile\fP is a symbolic link
-T}
-\-H \fIfile\fP	T{
-\fIfile\fP is a context dependent directory (only useful on HP-UX)
-T}
-\-L \fIfile\fP	T{
-\fIfile\fP is a symbolic link
-T}
-\-S \fIfile\fP	T{
-\fIfile\fP is a socket
-T}
-\-o \fIoption\fP	T{
-shell \fIoption\fP is set (see \fBset\fP command above for list of options).
-As a non-standard extension, if the option starts with a \fB!\fP, the test
-is negated; the test always fails if option doesn't exist (thus
-.RS
-\fB[ -o \fP\fIfoo\fP \fB-o -o !\fP\fIfoo\fP \fB]\fP
-.RE
-returns true if and only if option \fIfoo\fP exists).
-T}
-\fIfile\fP \-nt \fIfile\fP	T{
-first \fIfile\fP is newer than second \fIfile\fP
-T}
-\fIfile\fP \-ot \fIfile\fP	T{
-first \fIfile\fP is older than second \fIfile\fP
-T}
-\fIfile\fP \-ef \fIfile\fP	T{
-first \fIfile\fP is the same file as second \fIfile\fP
-T}
-\-t\ [\fIfd\fP]	T{
-file descriptor is a tty device.
-If the posix option (\fBset \-o posix\fP, see POSIX Mode above) is not
-set, \fIfd\fP may be left out, in which case it is taken to be 1
-(the behaviour differs due to the special POSIX rules described below).
-T}
-\fIstring\fP	T{
-\fIstring\fP is not empty
-T}
-\-z\ \fIstring\fP	T{
-\fIstring\fP is empty
-T}
-\-n\ \fIstring\fP	T{
-\fIstring\fP is not empty
-T}
-\fIstring\fP\ =\ \fIstring\fP	T{
-strings are equal
-T}
-\fIstring\fP\ ==\ \fIstring\fP	T{
-strings are equal
-T}
-\fIstring\fP\ !=\ \fIstring\fP	T{
-strings are not equal
-T}
-\fInumber\fP\ \-eq\ \fInumber\fP	T{
-numbers compare equal
-T}
-\fInumber\fP\ \-ne\ \fInumber\fP	T{
-numbers compare not equal
-T}
-\fInumber\fP\ \-ge\ \fInumber\fP	T{
-numbers compare greater than or equal
-T}
-\fInumber\fP\ \-gt\ \fInumber\fP	T{
-numbers compare greater than
-T}
-\fInumber\fP\ \-le\ \fInumber\fP	T{
-numbers compare less than or equal
-T}
-\fInumber\fP\ \-lt\ \fInumber\fP	T{
-numbers compare less than
-T}
-.TE
-.sp
+.It Ic viraw
+No effect. In the original Korn shell, unless
+.Ic viraw
+was set, the vi command line mode would let the tty driver do the work until
+ESC (^[) was entered.
+.Nm pdksh
+is always in viraw mode.
+.It Ic vi-esccomplete
+In vi command line editing, do command and file name completion when escape
+(^[) is entered in command mode.
+.It Ic vi-show8
+Prefix characters with the eighth bit set with
+.Dq M\&- .
+If this option is not set, characters in the range 128-160 are printed as is,
+which may cause problems.
+.It Ic vi-tabcomplete
+In vi command line editing, do command and file name completion when tab (^I)
+is entered in insert mode.
+.El
+.Pp
+These options can also be used upon invocation of the shell. The current set of
+options (with single letter names) can be found in the parameter
+.Dv \&- .
+.Ic set Fl o
+with no option name will list all the options and whether each is on or off;
+.Ic set +o
+will print the long names of all options that are currently on.
+.Pp
+Remaining arguments, if any, are positional parameters and are assigned, in
+order, to the positional parameters (i.e., $1, $2, etc.). If options end with
+.Dq \&-\&-
+and there are no remaining arguments, all positional parameters are cleared. If
+no options or arguments are given, the values of all names are printed. For
+unknown historical reasons, a lone
+.Dq \&-
+option is treated specially -- it clears both the
+.Fl x
+and
+.Fl v
+options.
+.It Ic shift Op Ar number
+The positional parameters
+.Ar number Ns +1 ,
+.Ar number Ns +2 ,
+etc. are renamed to
+.Dq 1 ,
+.Dq 2 ,
+etc.
+.Ar number
+defaults to 1.
+.It Ic test Ar expression
+.It Ic \&[ Ar expression Ic \&]
+.Ic test
+evaluates the
+.Ar expression
+and returns zero status if true, 1 status if fase, and greater than 1 if there
+was an error. It is normally used as the condition command of
+.Ic if
+and
+.Ic while
+statements. The following basic expressions are available:
+.Bl -tag -width 17n
+.It Ar str
+.Ar str
+has non-zero length. Note that there is the potential for problems if
+.Ar str
+turns out to be an operator (e.g.,
+.Fl r ) .
+It is generally better to use a test like
+.Sm off
+.Ic \&[\ X\&" Ar str Ic \&" Ic \ \&]
+.Sm on
+instead (double quotes are used in case
+.Ar str
+contains spaces or file globbing characters).
+.It Fl r Ar file
+.Ar file
+exists and is readable.
+.It Fl w Ar file
+.Ar file
+exists and is writable.
+.It Fl x Ar file
+.Ar file
+exists and is executable.
+.It Fl a Ar file
+.Ar file
+exists.
+.It Fl e Ar file
+.Ar file
+exists.
+.It Fl f Ar file
+.Ar file
+is a regular file.
+.It Fl d Ar file
+.Ar file
+is a directory.
+.It Fl c Ar file
+.Ar file
+is a character special device.
+.It Fl b Ar file
+.Ar file
+is a block special device.
+.It Fl p Ar file
+.Ar file
+is a named pipe.
+.It Fl u Ar file
+.Ar file Ns 's
+mode has setuid bit set.
+.It Fl g Ar file
+.Ar file Ns 's
+mode has setgid bit set.
+.It Fl k Ar file
+.Ar file Ns 's
+mode has sticky bit set.
+.It Fl s Ar file
+.Ar file
+is not empty.
+.It Fl O Ar file
+.Ar file Ns 's
+owned is the shell's effective user ID.
+.It Fl G Ar file
+.Ar file Ns 's
+group is the shell's effective group ID.
+.It Fl h Ar file
+.Ar file
+is a symbolic link.
+.It Fl H Ar file
+.Ar file
+is a context dependent directory (only useful on HP-UX).
+.It Fl L Ar file
+.Ar file
+is a symbolic link.
+.It Fl S Ar file
+.Ar file
+is a socket.
+.It Fl o Ar option
+Shell
+.Ar option
+is set (see
+.Ic set
+command above for a list of options). As a non-standard extension, if the
+option starts with a
+.Dq \&! ,
+the test is negated; the test always fails if
+.Ar option
+doesn't exist (thus
+.Ic \&[ -o Ar foo
+.Ic -o -o \&! Ns Ar foo Ic \&]
+returns true if and only if option
+.Ar foo
+exists).
+.It Ar file Fl nt Ar file
+first
+.Ar file
+is newer than second
+.Ar file .
+.It Ar file Fl ot Ar file
+first
+.Ar file
+is older than second
+.Ar file .
+.It Ar file Fl ef Ar file
+first
+.Ar file
+is the same file as second
+.Ar file .
+.It Fl t Op Ar fd
+File descriptor
+.Ar fd
+is a tty device. If the
+.Ic posix
+option is not set,
+.Ar fd
+may be left out, in which case it is taken to be 1 (the behaviour differs due
+to the special POSIX rules described below).
+.It Ar string
+.Ar string
+is not empty.
+.It Fl z Ar string
+.Ar string
+is empty.
+.It Fl n Ar string
+.Ar string
+is not empty.
+.It Ar string No = Ar string
+Strings are equal.
+.It Ar string No == Ar string
+Strings are equal.
+.It Ar string No \&!= Ar string
+Strings are not equal.
+.It Ar number Fl eq Ar number
+Numbers compare equal.
+.It Ar number Fl ne Ar number
+Numbers compare not equal.
+.It Ar number Fl ge Ar number
+Numbers compare greater than or equal.
+.It Ar number Fl gt Ar number
+Numbers compare greater than.
+.It Ar number Fl le Ar number
+Numbers compare less than or equal.
+.It Ar number Fl \&lt Ar number
+Numbers compare less than.
+.El
+.Pp
 The above basic expressions, in which unary operators have precedence over
-binary operators, may be combined with the following operators
-(listed in increasing order of precedence):
-.sp
-.TS
-afB l.
-\fIexpr\fP \-o \fIexpr\fP	logical or
-\fIexpr\fP \-a \fIexpr\fP	logical and
-! \fIexpr\fP	logical not
-( \fIexpr\fP )	grouping
-.TE
-.sp
-On operating systems not supporting \fB/dev/fd/\fP\fIn\fP devices
-(where \fIn\fP is a file descriptor number),
-the \fBtest\fP command will attempt to fake it for all tests that
-operate on files (except the \fB-e\fP test).
-I.e., \fB[ -w /dev/fd/2 ]\fP tests if file descriptor 2 is writable.
-.sp
-Note that some special rules are applied (courtesy of POSIX) if the
-number of arguments to \fBtest\fP or \fB[\fP \&... \fB]\fP is less than
-five: if leading \fB!\fP arguments can be stripped such that only one
-argument remains then a string length test is performed (again, even if
-the argument is a unary operator);
-if leading \fB!\fP arguments can be stripped such that three
-arguments remain and the second argument is a binary operator, then the
-binary operation is performed (even if first argument is a unary
-operator, including an unstripped \fB!\fP).
-.sp
-\fBNote:\fP A common mistake is to use \fBif [ $foo = bar ]\fP which
-fails if parameter \fBfoo\fP is null or unset, if it has embedded spaces
-(\fIi.e.\fP, \fBIFS\fP characters), or if it is a unary operator like \fB!\fP or
-\fB\-n\fP.  Use tests like \fBif [ "X$foo" = Xbar ]\fP instead.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  times
-.IP \fBtimes\fP
-Print the accumulated user and system times used by the shell and by
-processes which have exited that the shell started.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  trap [handler signal ...]
-.IP "\fBtrap\fP [\fIhandler\fP \fIsignal ...\fP]"
-Sets trap handler that is to be executed when any of the specified signals
-are received.
-\fBHandler\fP is either a null string, indicating the signals are to
-be ignored, a minus (\fB\-\fP), indicating that the default action is to
-be taken for the signals (see signal(2 or 3)), or a string containing shell
-commands to be evaluated and executed at the first opportunity (\fIi.e.\fP,
-when the current command completes, or before printing the next \fBPS1\fP
+binary operators, may be combined with the following operators (listed in
+increasing order of precedence):
+.Pp
+.Bl -tag -width "expr -o expr" -compact
+.It Ar expr Fl o Ar expr
+Logical OR.
+.It Ar expr Fl a Ar expr
+Logical AND.
+.It Ic \&! Ar expr
+Logical NOT.
+.It Ic \&( Ar expr Ic \&)
+Grouping.
+.El
+.Pp
+On operating systems not supporting
+.Pa /dev/fd/ Ns Ar n
+devices (where
+.Ar n
+is a file descriptor number), the
+.Ic test
+command will attempt to fake it for all tests that operate on files (except the
+.Fl e
+test). For example,
+.Ic \&[ -w /dev/fd/2 \&]
+tests if file descriptor 2 is writable.
+.Pp
+Note that some special rules are applied (courtesy of POSIX) if the number of
+arguments to
+.Ic test
+or
+.Ic \&[ ... \&]
+is less than five; if leading
+.Dq \&!
+arguments can be stripped such that only one argument remains then a string
+length test is performed (again, even if the argument is a unary operator); if
+leading
+.Dq \&!
+arguments can be stripped such that three arguments remain and the second
+argument is a binary operator, then the binary operation is performed (even
+if the first argument is a unary operator, including an unstripped
+.Dq \&! ) .
+.Pp
+NOTE: A common mistake is to use
+.Ic if \&[ $foo = bar \&]
+which fails if parameter
+.Ic foo
+is
+.Dv NULL
+or unset, if it has embedded spaces (i.e.,
+.Ev IFS
+characters), or if it is a unary operator like
+.Dq Ic \&!
+or
+.Dq Fl n .
+Use tests like
+.Ic if \&[ \&"X$foo\&" = Xbar \&]
+instead.
+.It Ic times
+Print the accumulated user and system times used by the shell and by processes
+which have exited that the shell started.
+.It Ic trap Op Ar handler signal ...
+Sets trap handler that is to be executed when any of the specified signals are
+received.
+.Ar handler
+is either a
+.Dv NULL
+string, indicating the signals are to be ignored, a minus sign
+.Pq Sq \&- ,
+indicating that the default action is to be taken for the signals (see
+.Xr signal 3 ) ,
+or a string containing shell commands to be evaluated and executed at the first
+opportunity (i.e., when the current command completes, or before printing the
+next
+.Ev PS1
 prompt) after receipt of one of the signals.
-\fBSignal\fP is the name of a signal (\fIe.g.\fP, PIPE or ALRM) or the number
-of the signal (see \fBkill \-l\fP command above).
-There are two special signals: \fBEXIT\fP (also known as \fB0\fP), which
-is executed when the shell is about to exit, and \fBERR\fP which is
-executed after an error occurs (an error is something that would cause
-the shell to exit if the \fB\-e\fP or \fBerrexit\fP option were set \(em
-see \fBset\fP command above).
-\fBEXIT\fP handlers are executed in the environment of the last executed
-command.
-Note that for non-interactive shells, the trap handler cannot be changed for
-signals that were ignored when the shell started.
-.sp
-With no arguments, \fBtrap\fP lists, as a series of \fBtrap\fP commands,
-the current state of the traps that have been set since the shell started.
-.sp
-.\" todo: add these features (trap DEBUG, trap ERR/EXIT in function)
-The original Korn shell's \fBDEBUG\fP trap and the handling of \fBERR\fP and
-\fBEXIT\fP traps in functions are not yet implemented.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  true
-.IP \fBtrue\fP
+.Ar signal
+is the name of a signal (e.g.,
+.Dv PIPE
+or
+.Dv ALRM )
+or the number of the signal (see
+.Ic kill -l
+command above). There are two special signals:
+.Dv EXIT
+(also known as 0), which is executed when the shell is about to exit, and
+.Dv ERR ,
+which is executed after an error occurs (an error is something that would cause
+the shell to exit if the
+.Fl e
+or
+.Ic errexit
+option were see -- see
+.Ic set
+command above).
+.Dv EXIT
+handlers are executed in the environment of the last executed command. Note
+that for non-interactive shells, the trap handler cannot be changed for signals
+that were ignored when the shell started.
+.Pp
+With no arguments,
+.Ic trap
+lists, as a series of
+.Ic trap
+commands, the current start of the traps that have been set since the shell
+started.
+.Pp
+The original Korn shell's
+.Dv DEBUG
+trap and the handling of
+.Dv ERR
+and
+.Dv EXIT
+traps in functions are not yet implemented.
+.It Ic true
 A command that exits with a zero value.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  typeset [[+-Ulprtux] [-L[n]] [-R[n]] [-Z[n]] [-i[n]] | -f [-tux]] [name[=value] ...]
-.IP "\fBtypeset\fP [[\(+-Ulprtux] [\fB\-L\fP[\fIn\fP]] [\fB\-R\fP[\fIn\fP]] [\fB\-Z\fP[\fIn\fP]] [\fB\-i\fP[\fIn\fP]] | \fB\-f\fP [\fB\-tux\fP]] [\fIname\fP[\fB=\fP\fIvalue\fP] ...]"
-Display or set parameter attributes.
-With no \fIname\fP arguments, parameter attributes are displayed: if no options
-arg used, the current attributes of all parameters are printed as typeset
-commands; if an option is given (or \fB\-\fP with no option letter)
-all parameters and their values with the specified attributes are printed;
-if options are introduced with \fB+\fP, parameter values are not printed.
-.sp
-If \fIname\fP arguments are given, the attributes of the named parameters
-are set (\fB\-\fP) or cleared (\fB+\fP).
-Values for parameters may optionally be specified.
-If typeset is used inside a function, any newly created parameters are local
-to the function.
-.sp
-When \fB\-f\fP is used, typeset operates on the attributes of functions.
-As with parameters, if no \fIname\fPs are given, functions are listed
-with their values (\fIi.e.\fP, definitions) unless options are introduced with
-\fB+\fP, in which case only the function names are reported.
-.sp
-.TS
-expand;
-afB lw(4.5i).
-\-L\fIn\fP	T{
-Left justify attribute: \fIn\fP specifies the field width.
-If \fIn\fP is not specified, the current width of a parameter (or the
-width of its first assigned value) is used.
-Leading white space (and zeros, if used with the \fB\-Z\fP option) is stripped.
-If necessary, values are either truncated or space padded to fit the
+.It Xo Ic typeset No [[+-Ulprtux]\ [-L[n]]\ [-R[n]]\ [-Z[n]]\ [-i[n]]\ |\ -f\&
+.Li [-tux]]\ [name[=value]\ ...]
+.Xc
+Display or set parameter attributes. With no
+.Ar name
+arguments, parameter attributes are displayed; if no options are used, the
+current attributes of all parameters are printed as
+.Ic typeset
+commands; if an option is given (or
+.Dq \&-
+with no option letter), all parameters and their values with the specified
+attributes are printed; if options are introduced with
+.Dq \&+ ,
+parameter values are not printed.
+.Pp
+If
+.Ar name
+arguments are given, the attributes of the named parameters are set
+.Pq Ic \&-
+or cleared
+.Pq Ic \&+ .
+Values for parameters may optionally be specified. If
+.Ic typeset
+is used inside a function, any newly created parameters are local to the
+function.
+.Pp
+When
+.Fl f
+is used,
+.Ic typeset
+operates on the attributes of functions. As with parameters, if no
+.Ar name Ns s
+are given, functions are listed with their values (i.e., definitions) unless
+options are introduced with
+.Dq \&+ ,
+in which case only the function names are reported.
+.Bl -tag -width 3n
+.It Fl L Ns Ar n
+Left justify attribute.
+.Ar n
+specifies the field width. If
+.Ar n
+is not specified, the current width of a parameter (or the width of its first
+assigned value) is used. Leading whitespace (and zeros, if used with the
+.Fl Z
+option) is stripped. If necessary, values are either truncated or space padded
+to fit the field width.
+.It Fl R Ns Ar n
+Right justify attribute.
+.Ar n
+specifies the field width. If
+.Ar n
+is not specified, the current width of a parameter (or the width of its first
+assigned value) is used. Trailing whitespace is stripped. If necessary, values
+are either stripped of leading characters or space padded to make them fit the
 field width.
-T}
-\-R\fIn\fP	T{
-Right justify attribute: \fIn\fP specifies the field width.
-If \fIn\fP is not specified, the current width of a parameter (or the
-width of its first assigned value) is used.
-Trailing white space are stripped.
-If necessary, values are either stripped of leading characters
-or space padded to make them fit the field width.
-T}
-\-Z\fIn\fP	T{
-Zero fill attribute: if not combined with \fB\-L\fP, this is the
-same as \fB\-R\fP, except zero padding is used instead of space padding.
-T}
-\-i\fIn\fP	T{
-integer attribute:
-\fIn\fP specifies the base to use when displaying the integer
-(if not specified, the base given in the first assignment is used).
-Parameters with this attribute may be assigned values containing
-arithmetic expressions.
-T}
-\-U	T{
-unsigned integer attribute: integers are printed as unsigned values
-(only useful when combined with the \fB\-i\fP option).
-This option is not in the original Korn shell.
-T}
-\-f	T{
-Function mode: display or set functions and their attributes, instead of
+.It Fl Z Ns Ar n
+Zero fill attribute. If not combined with
+.Fl L ,
+this is the same as
+.Fl R ,
+except zero padding is used instead of space padding.
+.It Fl i Ns Ar n
+Integer attribute.
+.Ar n
+specifies the base to use when displaying the integer (if not specified, the
+base given in the first assignment is used). Parameters with this attribute may
+be assigned values containing arithmetic expressions.
+.It Fl U
+Unsigned integer attribute. Integers are printed as unsigned values (only
+useful when combined with the
+.Fl i
+option). This option is not in the original Korn shell.
+.It Fl f
+Function mode. Display or set functions and their attributes, instead of
 parameters.
-T}
-\-l	T{
-Lower case attribute: all  upper case characters in values are converted to
-lower case.
-(In the original Korn shell, this parameter meant `long integer' when used
-with the \fB\-i\fP option).
-T}
-\-p	T{
-Print complete typeset commands that can be used to re-create the
-attributes (but not the values) of parameters.
-This is the default action (option exists for ksh93 compatability).
-T}
-\-r	T{
-Readonly attribute: parameters with the this attribute may not be assigned to
-or unset.
-Once this attribute is set, it can not be turned off.
-T}
-\-t	T{
-Tag attribute: has no meaning to the shell; provided for application use.
-.sp
-For functions, \fB\-t\fP is the trace attribute.
-When functions with the trace attribute are executed, the \fBxtrace\fP (\fB\-x\fP) shell option is temporarily turned on.
-T}
-\-u	T{
-Upper case attribute: all lower case characters in values are converted to
-upper case.
-(In the original Korn shell, this parameter meant `unsigned integer' when used
-with the \fB\-i\fP option, which meant upper case letters would never be used
-for bases greater than 10.  See the \fB\-U\fP option).
-.sp
-For functions, \fB\-u\fP is the undefined attribute.  See Functions above
-for the implications of this.
-T}
-\-x	T{
-Export attribute: parameters (or functions) are placed in the environment of
-any executed commands.  Exported functions are not implemented yet.
-T}
-.TE
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  ulimit [-acdfHlmnpsSt] [value]
-.IP "\fBulimit\fP [\fB\-acdfHlmnpsStvw\fP] [\fIvalue\fP]"
-Display or set process limits.
-If no options are used, the file size limit (\fB\-f\fP) is assumed.
-\fBvalue\fP, if specified, may be either be an arithmetic expression or the
-word \fBunlimited\fP.
-The limits affect the shell and any processes created by the shell after
-a limit is imposed.
-Note that some systems may not allow limits to be increased once they
-are set.
-Also note that the types of limits available are system dependent \- some
-systems have only the \fB\-f\fP limit.
-.RS
-.IP \fB\-a\fP
-Displays all limits; unless \fB\-H\fP is used, soft limits are displayed.
-.IP \fB\-H\fP
+.It Fl l
+Lower case attribute. All upper case characters in values are converted to
+lower case. (In the original Korn shell, this parameter meant
+.Dq long integer
+when used with the
+.Fl i
+option.)
+.It Fl p
+Print complete
+.Ic typeset
+commands that can be used to re-create the attributes (but not the values) or
+parameters. This is the default action (option exists for ksh93 compatibility).
+.It Fl r
+Read-only attribute. Parameters with this attribute may not be assigned to or
+unset. Once this attribute is set, it can not be turned off.
+.It Fl t
+Tag attribute. Has no meaning to the shell; provided for application use.
+.Pp
+For functions,
+.Fl t
+is the trace attribute. When functions with the trace attribute are executed,
+the
+.Ic xtrace
+.Pq Fl x
+shell option is temporarily turned on.
+.It Fl u
+Upper case attribute. All lower case characters in values are converted to
+upper case. (In the original Korn shell, this parameter meant
+.Dq unsigned integer
+when used with the
+.Fl i
+option, which meant upper case letters would never be used for bases greater
+than 10. See the
+.Fl U
+option.)
+.Pp
+For functions,
+.Fl u
+is the undefined attribute. See
+.Sx Functions
+above for the implications of this.
+.It Fl x
+Export attribute. Parameters (or functions) are placed in the environment of
+any executed commands. Exported functions are not yet implemented.
+.El
+.It Xo Ic ulimit Op Fl acdfHlmnpsStvw
+.Op Ar value
+.Xc
+Display or set process limits. If no options are used, the file size limit
+.Pq Fl f
+is assumed.
+.Ar value ,
+if specified, may be either an arithmetic expression or the word
+.Dq unlimited .
+The limits affect the shell and any processes created by the shell after a
+limit is imposed. Note that some systems may not allow limits to be increased
+once they are set. Also note that the types of limits available are system
+dependent -- some systems have only the
+.Fl f
+limit.
+.Bl -tag -width 5n
+.It Fl a
+Displays all limits; unless
+.Fl H
+is used, soft limits are displayed.
+.It Fl H
 Set the hard limit only (default is to set both hard and soft limits).
-.IP \fB\-S\fP
+.It Fl S
 Set the soft limit only (default is to set both hard and soft limits).
-.IP \fB\-c\fP
-Impose a size limit of \fIn\fP blocks on the size of core dumps.
-.IP \fB\-d\fP
-Impose a size limit of \fIn\fP kbytes on the size of the data area.
-.IP \fB\-f\fP
-Impose a size limit of \fIn\fP blocks on files written by the shell and
-its child processes (files of any size may be read).
-.IP \fB\-l\fP
-Impose a limit of \fIn\fP kbytes on the amount of locked (wired) physical
-memory.
-.IP \fB\-m\fP
-Impose a limit of \fIn\fP kbytes on the amount of physical memory used.
-.IP \fB\-n\fP
-Impose a limit of \fIn\fP file descriptors that can be open at once.
-.IP \fB\-p\fP
-Impose a limit of \fIn\fP processes that can be run by the user at any one
-time.
-.IP \fB\-s\fP
-Impose a size limit of \fIn\fP kbytes on the size of the stack area.
-.IP \fB\-t\fP
-Impose a time limit of \fIn\fP cpu seconds to be used by each process.
-.PP
-As far as \fBulimit\fP is concerned, a block is 512 bytes.
-.RE
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  umask [-S] [mask]
-.IP "\fBumask\fP [\fB\-S\fP] [\fImask\fP]"
-.RS
-Display or set the file permission creation mask, or umask (see \fIumask\fP(2)).
-If the \fB\-S\fP option is used, the mask displayed or set is symbolic,
-otherwise it is an octal number.
-.sp
-Symbolic masks are like those used by \fIchmod\fP(1):
-.RS
-[\fBugoa\fP]{{\fB=+-\fP}{\fBrwx\fP}*}+[\fB,\fP...]
-.RE
-in which the first group of characters is the \fIwho\fP part, the second
-group is the \fIop\fP part, and the last group is the \fIperm\fP part.
-The \fIwho\fP part specifies which part of the umask is to be modified.
-The letters mean:
-.RS
-.IP \fBu\fP
-the user permissions
-.IP \fBg\fP
-the group permissions
-.IP \fBo\fP
-the other permissions (non-user, non-group)
-.IP \fBa\fP
-all permissions (user, group and other)
-.RE
-.sp
-The \fIop\fP part indicates how the \fIwho\fP permissions are to be modified:
-.RS
-.IP \fB=\fP
-set
-.IP \fB+\fP
-added to
-.IP \fB\-\fP
-removed from
-.RE
-.sp
-The \fIperm\fP part specifies which permissions are to be set, added or removed:
-.RS
-.IP \fBr\fP
-read permission
-.IP \fBw\fP
-write permission
-.IP \fBx\fP
-execute permission
-.RE
-.sp
-When symbolic masks are used, they describe what permissions may
-be made available (as opposed to octal masks in which a set bit means
-the corresponding bit is to be cleared).
-Example: `ug=rwx,o=' sets the mask so files will not be readable, writable
-or executable by `others', and is equivalent (on most systems) to the octal
-mask `07'.
-.RE
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  unalias [-adt] name ...
-.IP "\fBunalias\fP [\fB\-adt\fP] [\fIname1\fP ...]"
-The aliases for the given names are removed.
-If the \fB\-a\fP option is used, all aliases are removed.
-If the \fB\-t\fP or \fB\-d\fP options are used, the indicated operations
-are carried out on tracked or directory aliases, respectively.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  unset [-fv] parameter ...
-.IP "\fBunset\fP [\fB\-fv\fP] \fIparameter\fP ..."
-Unset the named parameters (\fB\-v\fP, the default) or functions (\fB\-f\fP).
-The exit status is non-zero if any of the parameters were already unset,
-zero otherwise.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  wait [job]
-.IP "\fBwait\fP [\fIjob\fP]"
-Wait for the specified job(s) to finish.
-The exit status of wait is that of the last specified job:
-if the last job is killed by a signal, the exit status is 128 + the
-number of the signal (see \fBkill \-l\fP \fIexit-status\fP above); if the last
-specified job can't be found (because it never existed, or had already
-finished), the exit status of wait is 127.
-See Job Control below for the format of \fIjob\fP.
-\fBWait\fP will return if a signal for which a trap has been set is received,
-or if a HUP, INT or QUIT signal is received.
-.sp
-If no jobs are specified, \fBwait\fP waits for all currently running jobs
-(if any) to finish and exits with a zero status.
-If job monitoring is enabled, the completion status of jobs is
-printed (this is not the case when jobs are explicitly specified).
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  whence [-pv] [name ...]
-.IP "\fBwhence\fP [\fB\-pv\fP] [name ...]"
-For each name, the type of command is listed (reserved word, built-in, alias,
-function, tracked alias or executable).
-If the \fB\-p\fP option is used, a path search done even if \fIname\fP
-is a reserved word, alias, \fIetc.\fP
-Without the \fB\-v\fP option, \fBwhence\fP is similar to \fBcommand \-v\fP
-except that \fBwhence\fP will find reserved words and won't print aliases
-as alias commands;
-with the \fB\-v\fP option, \fBwhence\fP is the same as \fBcommand \-V\fP.
-Note that for \fBwhence\fP, the \fB\-p\fP option does not affect the search
-path used, as it does for \fBcommand\fP.
-If the type of one or more of the names could not be determined, the
-exit status is non-zero.
-.\"}}}
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  job control (and its built-in commands)
-.SS "Job Control"
-Job control refers to the shell's ability to monitor and control \fBjobs\fP,
-which are processes or groups of processes created for commands or pipelines.
-At a minimum, the shell keeps track of the status of the background
-(\fIi.e.\fP, asynchronous) jobs that currently exist; this information can be
-displayed using the \fBjobs\fP command.
-If job control is fully enabled (using \fBset \-m\fP or
-\fBset \-o monitor\fP), as it is for interactive shells,
-the processes of a job are placed in their own process group,
-foreground jobs can be stopped by typing the suspend character from the
-terminal (normally ^Z),
-jobs can be restarted in either the foreground
-or background, using the \fBfg\fP and \fBbg\fP commands, respectively,
-and the state of the terminal is saved or restored when a foreground
+.It Fl c Ar n
+Impose a size limit of
+.Ar n
+blocks on the size of core dumps.
+.It Fl d Ar n
+Impose a size limit of
+.Ar n
+kilobytes on the size of the data area.
+.It Fl f Ar n
+Impose a size limit of
+.Ar n
+blocks on files written by the shell and its child processes (files of any
+size may be read).
+.It Fl l Ar n
+Impose a limit of
+.Ar n
+kilobytes on the amount of locked (wired) physical memory.
+.It Fl m Ar n
+Impose a limit of
+.Ar n
+kilobytes on the amount of physical memory used.
+.It Fl n Ar n
+Impose a limit of
+.Ar n
+file descriptors that can be open at once.
+.It Fl p Ar n
+Impose a limit of
+.Ar n
+processes that can be run by the user at any one time.
+.It Fl s Ar n
+Impose a size limit of
+.Ar n
+kilobytes on the size of the stack area.
+.It Fl t Ar n
+Impose a time limit of
+.Ar n
+CPU seconds to be used by each process.
+.It Fl v Ar n
+Impose a limit of
+.Ar n
+kbytes on the amount of virtual memory used; on some systems this is the
+maximum allowable virtual address (in bytes, not kbytes).
+.It Fl w Ar n
+Impose a limit of
+.Ar n
+kbytes on the amount of swap space used.
+.El
+.Pp
+As far as
+.Ic ulimit
+is concerned, a block is 512 bytes.
+.It Xo Ic umask Op Fl S
+.Op Ar mask
+.Xc
+Display or set the file permission creation mask, or umask (see
+.Xr umask 2 ) .
+If the
+.Fl S
+option is used, the mask displayed or set is symbolic, otherwise it is an
+octal number.
+.Pp
+Symbolic masks are like those used by
+.Xr chmod 1 .
+When used, they describe what permissions may be made available (as opposed to
+octal masks in which a set bit means the corresponding bit is to be cleared).
+For example,
+.Dq ug=rwx,o=
+sets the mask so files with not be readable, writable or executable by
+.Dq others ,
+and is equivalent (on most systems) to the octal mask
+.Dq 007 .
+.It Xo Ic unalias Op Fl adt
+.Op Ar name1 ...
+.Xc
+The aliases for the given names are removed. If the
+.Fl a
+option is used, all aliases are removed. If the
+.Fl t
+or
+.Fl d
+options are used, the indicated operations are carried out on tracked or
+directory aliases, respectively.
+.It Xo Ic unset Op Fl fv
+.Ar parameter ...
+.Xc
+Unset the named parameters
+.Po
+.Fl v ,
+the default
+.Pc
+or functions
+.Pq Fl f .
+The exit status is non-zero if any of the parameters were already unset, zero
+otherwise.
+.It Ic wait Op Ar job ...
+Wait for the specified job(s) to finish. The exit status of
+.Ic wait
+is that of the last specified job; if the last job is killed by a signal, the
+exit status is 128 + the number of the signal (see
+.Ic kill -l Ar exit-status
+above); if the last specified job can't be found (because it never existed, or
+had already finished), the exit status of
+.Ic wait
+is 127. See
+.Sx Job control
+below for the format of
+.Ar job .
+.Ic wait
+will return if a signal for which a trap has been set is received, or if a
+.Dv HUP ,
+.Dv INT
+or
+.Dv QUIT
+signal is received.
+.Pp
+If no jobs are specified,
+.Ic wait
+waits for all currently running jobs (if any) to finish and exits with a zero
+status. If job monitoring is enabled, the completion status of jobs is printed
+(this is not the case when jobs are explicitly specified).
+.It Xo Ic whence Op Fl pv
+.Op Ar name ...
+.Xc
+For each
+.Ar name ,
+the type of command is listed (reserved word, built-in, alias,
+function, tracked alias, or executable). If the
+.Fl p
+option is used, a path search is performed even if
+.Ar name
+is a reserved word, alias, etc. Without the
+.Fl v
+option,
+.Ic whence
+is similar to
+.Ic command Fl v
+except that
+.Ic whence
+will find reserved words and won't print aliases as alias commands. With the
+.Fl v
+option,
+.Ic whence
+is the same as
+.Ic command Fl V .
+Note that for
+.Ic whence ,
+the
+.Fl p
+option does not affect the search path used, as it does for
+.Ic command .
+If the type of one or more of the names could not be determined, the exit
+status is non-zero.
+.El
+.Ss Job control
+Job control refers to the shell's ability to monitor and control jobs, which
+are processes or groups of processes created for commands or pipelines. At a
+minimum, the shell keeps track of the status of the background (i.e.,
+asynchronous) jobs that currently exist; this information can be displayed
+using the
+.Ic jobs
+commands. If job control is fully enabled (using
+.Ic set Fl m
+or
+.Ic set Fl o Ic monitor ) ,
+as it is for interactive shells, the processes of a job are placed in their
+own process group. Foreground jobs can be stopped by typing the suspend
+character from the terminal (normally ^Z), jobs can be restarted in either the
+foreground or background using the
+.Ic fg
+and
+.Ic bg
+commands, and the state of the terminal is saved or restored when a foreground
 job is stopped or restarted, respectively.
-.sp
-Note that only commands that create processes (\fIe.g.\fP,
-asynchronous commands, subshell commands, and non-built-in,
-non-function commands) can be stopped; commands like \fBread\fP cannot be.
-.sp
-When a job is created, it is assigned a job-number.
-For interactive shells, this number is printed inside \fB[\fP..\fB]\fP,
-followed by the process-ids of the processes in the job when an asynchronous
-command is run.
-A job may be referred to in \fBbg\fP, \fBfg\fP, \fBjobs\fP, \fBkill\fP and
-\fBwait\fP commands either by the process id of the last process in the
-command pipeline (as stored in the \fB$!\fP parameter) or by prefixing the
-job-number with a percent sign (\fB%\fP).
+.Pp
+Note that only commands that create processes (e.g., asynchronous commands,
+subshell commands, and non-built-in, non-function commands) can be stopped;
+commands like
+.Ic read
+cannot be.
+.Pp
+When a job is created, it is assigned a job number. For interactive shells,
+this number is printed inside
+.Dq \&[..\&] ,
+followed by the process IDs of the processes in the job when an asynchronous
+command is run. A job may be referred to in
+.Ic bg ,
+.Ic fg ,
+.Ic jobs ,
+.Ic kill ,
+and
+.Ic wait
+commands either by the process ID of the last process in the command pipeline
+(as stored in the $! parameter) or by prefixing the job number with a percent
+sign
+.Pq Sq % .
 Other percent sequences can also be used to refer to jobs:
-.sp
-.TS
-expand;
-afB lw(4.5i).
-%+	T{
+.Bl -tag -width 10n
+.It Ic %\&+
 The most recently stopped job, or, if there are no stopped jobs, the oldest
 running job.
-T}
-%%\fR, \fP%	T{
-Same as \fB%+\fP.
-T}
-%\-	T{
-The job that would be the \fB%+\fP job, if the later did not exist.
-T}
-%\fIn\fP	T{
-The job with job-number \fIn\fP.
-T}
-%?\fIstring\fP	T{
-The job containing the string \fIstring\fP (an error occurs if multiple jobs
-are matched).
-T}
-%\fIstring\fP	T{
-The job starting with string \fIstring\fP (an error occurs if multiple jobs
-are matched).
-T}
-.TE
-.sp
-When a job changes state (\fIe.g.\fP, a background job finishes or foreground
-job is stopped), the shell prints the following status information:
-.RS
-\fB[\fP\fInumber\fP\fB]\fP \fIflag status command\fP
-.RE
+.It Ic %% , %
+Same as
+.Ic %\&+ .
+.It Ic %\&-
+The job that would be the
+.Ic %\&+
+job if the latter did not exist.
+.It Ic % Ns Ar n
+The job with job number
+.Ar n .
+.It Ic %\&? Ns Ar string
+The job containing the string
+.Ar string
+(an error occurs if multiple jobs are matched).
+.It Ic % Ns Ar string
+The job starting with string
+.Ar string
+(an error occurs if multiple jobs are matched).
+.El
+.Pp
+When a job changes state (e.g., a background job finishes or foreground job is
+stopped), the shell prints the following status information:
+.Pp
+.Ic \&[ Ar number Ic \&] Ar flag status command
+.Pp
 where
-.IP "\ \fInumber\fP"
-is the job-number of the job.
-.IP "\ \fIflag\fP"
-is \fB+\fP or \fB-\fP if the job is the \fB%+\fP or \fB%-\fP job,
-respectively, or space if it is neither.
-.IP "\ \fIstatus\fP"
-indicates the current state of the job and can be
-.RS
-.IP "\fBRunning\fP"
-the job has neither stopped or exited (note that running does not
-necessarily mean consuming CPU time \(em the process could be blocked waiting
-for some event).
-.IP "\fBDone\fP [\fB(\fP\fInumber\fP\fB)\fP]"
-the job exited. \fInumber\fP is the exit status of the job, which is
-omitted if the status is zero.
-.IP "\fBStopped\fP [\fB(\fP\fIsignal\fP\fB)\fP]"
-the job was stopped by the indicated \fIsignal\fP (if no signal is given,
-the job was stopped by SIGTSTP).
-.IP "\fIsignal-description\fP [\fB(core dumped)\fP]"
-the job was killed by a signal (\fIe.g.\fP, Memory\ fault,
-Hangup, \fIetc.\fP \(em use
-\fBkill \-l\fP for a list of signal descriptions).
-The \fB(core\ dumped)\fP message indicates the process created a core file.
-.RE
-.IP "\ \fIcommand\fP"
-is the command that created the process.
-If there are multiple processes in the job, then each process will
-have a line showing its \fIcommand\fP and possibly its \fIstatus\fP,
+.Bl -tag -width "status"
+.It Ar number
+is the job number of the job.
+.It Ar flag
+is the
+.Dq \&+
+or
+.Dq \&-
+character if the job is the
+.Ic %\&+ or
+.Ic %\&-
+job, respectively, or space if it is neither.
+.It Ar status
+indicates the current state of the job and can be:
+.Bl -tag -width "Running"
+.It Cm Running
+The job has neither stopped nor exited (note that running does not necessarily
+mean consuming CPU time -- the process could be blocked waiting for some
+event).
+.It Cm Done Op Ar number
+The job exited.
+.Ar number
+is the exit status of the job, which is omitted if the status is zero.
+.It Cm Stopped Op Ar signal
+The job was stopped by the indicated
+.Ar signal
+(if no signal is given, the job was stopped by
+.Dv SIGTSTP ) .
+.It Ar signal-description Op Dq core dumped
+The job was killed by a signal (e.g., memory fault, hangup, etc.; use
+.Ic kill -l
+for a list of signal descriptions). The
+.Dq core dumped
+message indicates the process created a core file.
+.El
+.It Ar command
+is the command that created the process. If there are multiple processes in
+the job, each process will have a line showing its
+.Ar command
+and possibly its
+.Ar status ,
 if it is different from the status of the previous process.
-.PP
-When an attempt is made to exit the shell while there are jobs in
-the stopped state, the shell warns the user that there are stopped jobs
-and does not exit.
-If another attempt is immediately made to exit the shell, the stopped
-jobs are sent a \fBHUP\fP signal and the shell exits.
-Similarly, if the \fBnohup\fP option is not set and there are running
-jobs when an attempt is made to exit a login shell, the shell warns the
-user and does not exit.
-If another attempt is immediately made to exit the shell, the running
-jobs are sent a \fBHUP\fP signal and the shell exits.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  Emacs Interactive Input Line Editing
-.SS "Emacs Interactive Input Line Editing"
-When the \fBemacs\fP option is set, interactive input line editing is
-enabled.  \fBWarning\fP: This mode is slightly different from the emacs
-mode in the original Korn shell and the 8th bit is stripped in emacs mode.
-In this mode various editing commands (typically bound to one or more
-control characters) cause immediate actions without waiting for a
-new-line.  Several editing commands are bound to particular control
-characters when the shell is invoked; these bindings can be changed
+.El
+.Pp
+When an attempt is made to exit the shell while there are jobs in the stopped
+state, the shell warns the user that there are stopped jobs and does not exit.
+If another attempt is immediately made to exit the shell, the stopped jobs are
+sent a
+.Dv HUP
+signal and the shell exits. Similarly, if the
+.Ic nohup
+option is not set and there are running jobs when an attempt is made to exit
+a login shell, the shell warns the user and does not exit. If another attempt
+is immediately made to exit the shell, the running jobs are sent a
+.Dv HUP
+signal and the shell exits.
+.Ss Emacs interactive input line editing
+When the
+.Ic emacs
+option is set, interactive input line editing is enabled. Warning: This mode is
+slightly different from the emacs mode in the original Korn shell and the 8th
+bit is stripped in emacs mode. In this mode, various editing commands
+(typically bound to one or more control characters) cause immediate actions
+without waiting for a newline. Several editing commands are bound to particular
+control characters when the shell is invoked; these binding can be changed
 using the following commands:
-.\"{{{  bind
-.IP \fBbind\fP
+.Bl -tag -width Ds
+.It Ic bind
 The current bindings are listed.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  bind string=[editing-command]
-.IP "\fBbind\fP \fIstring\fP\fB=\fP[\fIediting-command\fP]"
-The specified editing command is bound to the given \fBstring\fP, which
-should consist of a control character (which may be written using caret
-notation \fB^\fP\fIX\fP), optionally preceded by one of the two prefix
-characters.  Future input of the \fIstring\fP will cause the editing
-command to be immediately invoked.  Note that although only two prefix
-characters (usually ESC and ^X) are supported, some multi-character
-sequences can be supported.  The following binds the arrow keys on
-an ANSI terminal, or xterm (these are in the default bindings).  Of course
-some escape sequences won't work out quite this nicely:
-.sp
-.RS
-\fBbind '^[['=prefix\-2
-.br
-bind '^XA'=up\-history
-.br
-bind '^XB'=down\-history
-.br
-bind '^XC'=forward\-char
-.br
-bind '^XD'=backward\-char\fP
-.RE
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  bind -l
-.IP "\fBbind \-l\fP"
+.It Xo Ic bind
+.Ar string Ns = Ns Op Ar editing-command
+.Xc
+The specified editing command is bound to the given
+.Ar string ,
+which should consist of a control character (which may be written using caret
+notation, i.e., ^X), optionally preceded by one of the two prefix characters.
+Future input of the
+.Ar string
+will cause the editing command to be immediately invoked. Note that although
+only two prefix characters (usually ESC and ^X) are supported, some
+multi-character sequences can be supported. The following binds the arrow keys
+on an ANSI terminal, or xterm (these are in the default bindings). Of course
+some escape sequences won't work out quite this nicely.
+.Pp
+.Bl -item -compact
+.It
+.Ic bind '^[['=prefix-2
+.It 
+.Ic bind '^XA'=up-history
+.It
+.Ic bind '^XB'=down-history
+.It
+.Ic bind '^XC'=forward-char
+.It
+.Ic bind '^XD'=backward-char
+.El
+.It Ic bind Fl l
 Lists the names of the functions to which keys may be bound.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  bind -m string=[substitute]
-.IP "\fBbind \-m\fP \fIstring\fP\fB=\fP[\fIsubstitute\fP]"
-The specified input \fIstring\fP will afterwards be immediately
-replaced by the given \fIsubstitute\fP string, which may contain
-editing commands.
-.\"}}}
-.PP
-The following is a list of editing commands available.
-Each description starts with the name of the command,
-a \fIn\fP, if the command can be prefixed with a count,
-and any keys the command is bound to by default (written using
-caret notation, \fIe.g.\fP, ASCII ESC character is written as ^[).
-A count prefix for a command is entered using the sequence
-\fB^[\fP\fIn\fP, where \fIn\fP is a sequence of 1 or more digits;
-unless otherwise specified, if a count is omitted, it defaults to 1.
-Note that editing command names are
-used only with the \fBbind\fP command.  Furthermore, many editing
-commands are useful only on terminals with a visible cursor.  The
-default bindings were chosen to resemble corresponding EMACS key
-bindings.  The users tty characters (\fIe.g.\fP, ERASE) are bound to
+.It Xo Ic bind Fl m
+.Sm off
+.Ar string No = Op Ar substitute
+.Sm on
+.Xc
+The specified input
+.Ar string
+will afterwards be immediately replaced by the given
+.Ar substitute
+string, which may contain editing commands.
+.El
+.Pp
+The following is a list of available editing commands. Each description starts
+with the name of the command, an
+.Ar n
+(if the command can be prefixed with a count), and any keys the command is
+bound to by default (written using caret notation, i.e., ASCII ESC character is
+written as ^[). A count prefix for a command is entered using the sequence
+.Ic ^\&[ Ns Ar n ,
+where
+.Ar n
+is a sequence of 1 or more digits; unless otherwise specified, if a count is
+omitted, it defaults to 1. Note that editing command names are used only with
+the
+.Ic bind
+command. Furthermore, many editing commands are useful only on terminals with
+a visible cursor. The default bindings were chosen to resemble corresponding
+Emacs key bindings. The users' tty characters (e.g., ERASE) are bound to
 reasonable substitutes and override the default bindings.
-.\"{{{  abort ^G
-.IP "\fBabort ^G\fP"
-Useful as a response to a request for a \fBsearch-history\fP pattern in
-order to abort the search.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  auto-insert n
-.IP "\fBauto-insert\fP \fIn\fP"
-Simply causes the character to appear as literal input.  Most ordinary
+.Bl -tag -width Ds
+.It Ic abort ^G
+Useful as a response to a request for a
+.Ic search-history
+pattern in order to about the search.
+.It Ic auto-insert Ar n
+Simply causes the character to appear as literal input. Most ordinary
 characters are bound to this.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  backward-char	n ^B
-.IP "\fBbackward-char\fP  \fIn\fP \fB^B\fP"
-Moves the cursor backward \fIn\fP characters.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  backward-word  n ^[B
-.IP "\fBbackward-word\fP  \fIn\fP \fB^[B\fP"
-Moves the cursor backward to the beginning of a word; words consist
-of alphanumerics, underscore (_) and dollar ($).
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  beginning-of-history ^[<
-.IP "\fBbeginning-of-history ^[<\fP"
+.It Ic backward-char Ar n Ic ^B
+Moves the cursor backward
+.Ar n
+characters.
+.It Ic backward-word Ar n Ic ^[B
+Moves the cursor backward to the beginning of the word; words consist of
+alphanumerics, underscore
+.Pq Sq _
+and dollar sign
+.Pq Sq $
+characters.
+.It Ic beginning-of-history ^[<
 Moves to the beginning of the history.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  beginning-of-line ^A
-.IP "\fBbeginning-of-line ^A\fP"
+.It Ic beginning-of-line ^A
 Moves the cursor to the beginning of the edited input line.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  capitalize-word n ^[c, ^[C
-.IP "\fBcapitalize-word\fP \fIn\fP \fB^[c\fP, \fB^[C\fP"
-Uppercase the first character in the next \fIn\fP words,
-leaving the cursor past the end of the last word.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  comment ^[#
-If the current line does not begin with a comment character, one
-is added at the beginning of the line and the line is entered (as if
-return had been pressed), otherwise the existing comment characters
-are removed and the cursor is placed at the beginning of the line.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  complete ^[^[
-.IP "\fBcomplete ^[^[\fP"
-Automatically completes as much as is unique of the command name
-or the file name containing the cursor.  If the entire remaining command
-or file name is unique a space is printed after its completion, unless
-it is a directory name in which case \fB/\fP is appended.  If there is
-no command or file name with the current partial word as its
-prefix, a bell character is output (usually causing a audio beep).
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  complete-command ^X^[
-.IP "\fBcomplete-command ^X^[\fP"
-Automatically completes as much as is unique of the command name
-having the partial word up to the cursor as its prefix, as in the
-\fBcomplete\fP command described above.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  complete-file ^[^X
-.IP "\fBcomplete-file ^[^X\fP"
-Automatically completes as much as is unique of the file name having
-the partial word up to the cursor as its prefix, as in the
-\fBcomplete\fP command described above.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  complete-list ^[=
-.IP "\fBcomplete-list ^[=\fP"
+.It Ic capitalize-word Ar n Ic ^[c , ^[C
+Uppercase the first character in the next
+.Ar n
+words, leaving the cursor past the end of the last word.
+.Pp
+If the current line does not being with a comment character, one is added at
+the beginning of the line and the line is entered (as if return had been
+pressed), otherwise the existing comment characters are removed and the cursor
+is placed at the beginning of the line.
+.It Ic complete ^[^[
+Automatically completes as much as is unique of the command name or the file
+name containing the cursor. If the entire remaining command or file name is
+unique, a space is printed after its completion, unless it is a directory name
+in which case
+.Dq /
+is appended. If there is no command or file name with the current partialword
+as its prefix, a bell character is output (usually causing a beep to be
+sounded).
+.It Ic complete-command ^X^[
+Automatically completes as much as is unique of the command name having the
+partial word up to the cursor as its prefix, as in the
+.Ic complete
+command above.
+.It Ic complete-file ^[^X
+Automatically completes as much as is unique of the file name having the
+partial word up to the cursor as its prefix, as in the
+.Ic complete
+command described above.
+.It Ic complete-list ^[=
 List the possible completions for the current word.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  delete-char-backward n ERASE, ^?, ^H
-.IP "\fBdelete-char-backward\fP \fIn\fP \fBERASE\fP, \fB^?\fP, \fB^H\fP"
-Deletes \fIn\fP characters before the cursor.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  delete-char-forward n
-.IP "\fBdelete-char-forward\fP \fIn\fP"
-Deletes \fIn\fP characters after the cursor.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  delete-word-backward n ^[ERASE, ^[^?, ^[^H, ^[h
-.IP "\fBdelete-word-backward\fP \fIn\fP \fB^[ERASE\fP, \fB^[^?\fP, \fB^[^H\fP, \fB^[h\fP"
-Deletes \fIn\fP words before the cursor.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  delete-word-forward n ^[d
-.IP "\fBdelete-word-forward\fP \fIn\fP \fB^[d\fP"
-Deletes characters after the cursor up to the end of \fIn\fP words.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  down-history n ^N
-.IP "\fBdown-history\fP \fIn\fP \fB^N\fP"
-Scrolls the history buffer forward \fIn\fP lines (later).  Each input line
-originally starts just after the last entry in the history buffer, so
-\fBdown-history\fP is not useful until either \fBsearch-history\fP or
-\fBup-history\fP has been performed.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  downcase-word n ^[L, ^[l
-.IP "\fBdowncase-word\fP \fIn\fP \fB^[L\fP, \fB^[l\fP"
-Lowercases the next \fIn\fP words.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  end-of-history ^[>
-.IP "\fBend-of-history ^[>\fP"
+.It Xo Ic delete-char-backward Ar n Ic ERASE ,
+.Ic ^? , ^H
+.Xc
+Deletes
+.Ar n
+characters before the cursor.
+.It Ic delete-char-forward Ar n
+Deletes
+.Ar n
+characters after the cursor.
+.It Xo Ic delete-word-backward Ar n Ic ^[ERASE ,
+.Ic ^[^? , ^[^H , ^[h
+.Xc
+Deletes
+.Ar n
+words before the cursor.
+.It Ic delete-word-forward Ar n Ic ^[d
+Deletes characters after the cursor up to the end of
+.Ar n
+words.
+.It Ic down-history Ar n Ic ^N
+Scrolls the history buffer forward
+.Ar n
+lines (later). Each input line originally starts just after the last entry
+in the history buffer, so
+.Ic down-history
+is not useful until either
+.Ic search-history
+or
+.Ic up-history
+has been performed.
+.It Ic downcase-word Ar n Ic ^[L , ^[l
+Lowercases the next
+.Ar n
+words.
+.It Ic end-of-history ^[>
 Moves to the end of the history.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  end-of-line ^E
-.IP "\fBend-of-line ^E\fP"
+.It Ic end-of-line ^E
 Moves the cursor to the end of the input line.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  eot ^_
-.IP "\fBeot ^_\fP"
+.It Ic eot ^_
 Acts as an end-of-file; this is useful because edit-mode input disables
 normal terminal input canonicalization.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  eot-or-delete n ^D
-.IP "\fBeot-or-delete\fP \fIn\fP \fB^D\fP"
-Acts as eot if alone on a line; otherwise acts as delete-char-forward.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  error
-.IP "\fBerror\fP"
+.It Ic eot-or-delete Ar n Ic ^D
+Acts as
+.Ic eot
+if alone on a line; otherwise acts as
+.Ic delete-char-forward .
+.It Ic error
 Error (ring the bell).
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  exchange-point-and-mark ^X^X
-.IP "\fBexchange-point-and-mark ^X^X\fP"
-Places the cursor where the mark is, and sets the mark to where the
-cursor was.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  expand-file ^[*
-.IP "\fBexpand-file ^[*\fP"
-Appends a * to the current word and replaces the word with
-the result of performing file globbing on the word.
-If no files match the pattern, the bell is rung.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  forward-char n ^F
-.IP "\fBforward-char\fP \fIn\fP \fB^F\fP"
-Moves the cursor forward \fIn\fP characters.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  forward-word n ^[f
-.IP "\fBforward-word\fP \fIn\fP \fB^[f\fP"
-Moves the cursor forward to the end of the \fIn\fPth word.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  goto-history n ^[g
-.IP "\fBgoto-history\fP \fIn\fP \fB^[g\fP"
-Goes to history number \fIn\fP.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  kill-line KILL
-.IP "\fBkill-line KILL\fP"
+.It Ic exchange-point-and-mark ^X^X
+Places the cursor where the mark is and sets the mark to where the cursor was.
+.It Ic expand-file ^[\&*
+Appends a
+.Dq \&*
+to the current word and replaces the word with the result of performing file
+globbing on the word. If no files match the pattern, the bell is rung.
+.It Ic forward-char Ar n Ic ^F
+Moves the cursor forward
+.Ar n
+characters.
+.It Ic forward-word Ar n Ic ^[f
+Moves the cursor forward to the end of the
+.Ar n Ns th
+word.
+.It Ic goto-history Ar n Ic ^[g
+Goes to history number
+.Ar n .
+.It Ic kill-line KILL
 Deletes the entire input line.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  kill-region ^W
-.IP "\fBkill-region ^W\fP"
+.It Ic kill-region ^W
 Deletes the input between the cursor and the mark.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  kill-to-eol n ^K
-.IP "\fBkill-to-eol\fP \fIn\fP \fB^K\fP"
-Deletes the input from the cursor to the end of the line if \fIn\fP is
-not specified, otherwise deletes characters between the cursor and
-column \fIn\fP.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  list ^[?
-.IP "\fBlist ^[?\fP"
-Prints a sorted, columnated list of command names or file names
-(if any) that can complete the partial word containing the cursor.
-Directory names have \fB/\fP appended to them.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  list-command ^X?
-.IP "\fBlist-command ^X?\fP"
-Prints a sorted, columnated list of command names (if any) that
-can complete the partial word containing the cursor.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  list-file ^X^Y
-.IP "\fBlist-file ^X^Y\fP"
-Prints a sorted, columnated list of file names (if any) that can
-complete the partial word containing the cursor.  File type indicators
-are appended as described under \fBlist\fP above.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  newline ^J and ^M
-.IP "\fBnewline ^J\fP, \fB^M\fP"
-Causes the current input line to be processed by the shell.  The
-current cursor position may be anywhere on the line.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  newline-and-next ^O
-.IP "\fBnewline-and-next ^O\fP"
-Causes the current input line to be processed by the shell, and
-the next line from history becomes the current line.  This is
-only useful after an up-history or search-history.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  no-op QUIT
-.IP "\fBno-op QUIT\fP"
+.It Ic kill-to-eol Ar n Ic ^K
+Deletes the input from the cursor to the end of the line if
+.Ar n
+is not specified; otherwise deletes characters between the cursor and column
+.Ar n .
+.It Ic list ^[?
+Prints a sorted, columnated list of command named or file names (if any) that
+can complete the partial word containing the cursor. Directoary names have
+.Dq /
+appended to them.
+.It Ic list-command ^X?
+Prints a sorted, columnated list of command names (if any) that can complete
+the partial word containg the cursor.
+.It Ic list-file ^X^Y
+Prints a sorted, comunated list of file names (if any) that can complete the
+partial word containing the cursor. File type indicators are appended as
+described under
+.Ic list
+above.
+.It Ic newline ^J , ^M
+Causes the current input line to be processed by the shell. The current cursor
+position may be anywhere on the line.
+.It Ic newline-and-next ^O
+Causes the current input line to be processed by the shell, and the next line
+from history becomes the current line. This is only useful after an
+.Ic up-history
+or
+.ic search-history .
+.It Ic no-op QUIT
 This does nothing.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  prefix-1 ^[
-.IP "\fBprefix-1 ^[\fP"
+.It Ic prefix-1 ^[
 Introduces a 2-character command sequence.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  prefix-2 ^X and ^[[
-.IP "\fBprefix-2 ^X\fP"
-.IP "\fBprefix-2 ^[[\fP"
+.It Ic prefix-2 ^X
+.It Ic prefix-2 ^[[
 Introduces a 2-character command sequence.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  prev-hist-word ^[. ^[_
-.IP "\fBprev-hist-word\fP \fIn\fP \fB^[.\fP, \fB^[_\fP"
-The last (\fIn\fPth) word of the previous command is inserted at the cursor.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  quote ^^
-.IP "\fBquote ^^\fP"
-The following character is taken literally rather than as an editing
-command.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  redraw ^L
-.IP "\fBredraw ^L\fP"
+.It Ic prev-hist-word Ar n Ic ^[\&. , ^{_
+The last
+.Pq Ar n Ns th
+word of the previous command is inserted at the cursor.
+.It Ic quote ^^
+The following character is taken literally rather than as an editing command.
+.It Ic redrew ^L
 Reprints the prompt string and the current input line.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  search-character-backward n ^[^]
-.IP "\fBsearch-character-backward\fP \fIn\fP \fB^[^]\fP"
-Search backward in the current line for the \fIn\fPth occurance of the
-next character typed.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  search-character-forward n ^]
-.IP "\fBsearch-character-forward\fP \fIn\fP \fB^]\fP"
-Search forward in the current line for the \fIn\fPth occurance of the
-next character typed.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  search-history ^R
-.IP "\fBsearch-history ^R\fP"
-Enter incremental search mode.  The internal history list is searched
-backwards for commands matching the input.  An initial \fB^\fP in the
-search string anchors the search.  The abort key will leave search mode.
-Other commands will be executed after leaving search mode.  Successive
-\fBsearch-history\fP commands continue searching backward to the next
-previous occurrence of the pattern.  The history buffer retains only a
-finite number of lines; the oldest are discarded as necessary.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  set-mark-command ^[<space>
-.IP "\fBset-mark-command ^[\fP<space>"
+.It Ic search-character-backward Ar n Ic ^[^]
+Search backward in the current line for the
+.Ar n Ns th
+occurrence of the next character typed.
+.It Ic search-character-forward Ar n Ic ^]
+Search forward in the current line for the
+.Ar n Ns th
+occurrence of the next character typed.
+.It Ic search-history ^R
+Enter incremental search mode. The internal history list is searched
+backwards for commands matching the input. An initial
+.Dq ^
+in the search string anchors the search. The abort key will leave search mode.
+Other commands will be executed after leaving search mode. Successive
+.Ic search-history
+commands continue searching backward to the next previous occurrence of the
+pattern. The history buffer retains only a finite number of lines; the oldest
+are discarded as necessary.
+.It Ic set-mark-command ^[ Ns No <space>
 Set the mark at the cursor position.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  stuff
-.IP "\fBstuff\fP"
-On systems supporting it, pushes the bound character back onto the
-terminal input where it may receive special processing by the terminal
-handler.  This is useful for the BRL \fB^T\fP mini-systat feature, for
-example.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  stuff-reset
-.IP "\fBstuff-reset\fP"
-Acts like \fBstuff\fP, then aborts input the same as an interrupt.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  transport-chars ^T
-.IP "\fBtranspose-chars ^T\fP"
-If at the end of line, or if the \fBgmacs\fP option is set, 
-this exchanges the two previous characters; otherwise, it
-exchanges the previous and current characters and moves the cursor
-one character to the right.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  up-history n ^P
-.IP "\fBup-history\fP \fIn\fP \fB^P\fP"
-Scrolls the history buffer backward \fIn\fP lines (earlier).
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  upcase-word n ^[U, ^[u
-.IP "\fBupcase-word\fP \fIn\fP \fB^[U\fP, \fB^[u\fP"
-Uppercases the next \fIn\fP words.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  version ^V
-.IP "\fBversion ^V\fP"
-Display the version of ksh.  The current edit buffer is restored as soon
-as any key is pressed (the key is then processed, unless it is a space).
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  yank ^Y
-.IP "\fByank ^Y\fP"
+.It Ic stuff
+On systems supporting it, puhses the bound character back onto the terminal
+input where it may receive special processing by the terminal handler. This
+is useful for the BRL ^T mini-systat feature, for example.
+.It Ic stuff-reset
+Acts like
+.Ic stuff ,
+then aborts input the same as an interrupt.
+.It Ic transpose-chars ^T
+If at the end of line, or if the
+.Ic gmacs
+option is set, this exchanges the two previous characters; otherwise, it
+exchanges the previous and current characters and moves the cursor one
+character to the right.
+.It Ic up-history Ar n Ic ^P
+Scrolls the history buffer backward
+.Ar n
+lines (earlier).
+.It Ic upcase-word Ar n Ic ^[U , ^[u
+Uppercase the next
+.Ar n
+words.
+.It Ic version ^V
+Display the version of ksh. The current edit buffer is restored as soon as any
+key is pressed (the key is then processed, unless it is a space).
+.It Ic yank ^Y
 Inserts the most recently killed text string at the current cursor position.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  yank-pop ^[y
-.IP "\fByank-pop ^[y\fP"
-Immediately after a \fByank\fP, replaces the inserted text string with
-the next previous killed text string.
-.\"}}}
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  Vi Interactive Input Line Editing
-.\"{{{  introduction
-.SS "Vi Interactive Input Line Editing"
-The vi command line editor in ksh has basically the same commands as the
-vi editor (see \fIvi\fP(1)), with the following exceptions:
-.nr P2 \n(PD
-.IP \ \ \(bu
-you start out in insert mode,
-.IP \ \ \(bu
-there are file name and command completion commands
-(\fB=\fP, \fB\e\fP, \fB*\fP, \fB^X\fP, \fB^E\fP, \fB^F\fP and,
-optionally, \fB<tab>\fP),
-.IP \ \ \(bu
-the \fB_\fP command is different (in ksh it is the last argument command,
-in vi it goes to the start of the current line),
-.IP \ \ \(bu
-the \fB/\fP and \fBG\fP commands move in the opposite direction as the \fBj\fP
-command
-.IP \ \ \(bu
-and commands which don't make sense in a single line editor are not available
-(\fIe.g.\fP, screen movement commands, ex \fB:\fP commands, \fIetc.\fP).
-.nr PD \n(P2
-.LP
-Note that the \fB^X\fP stands for control-X; also \fB<esc>\fP, \fB<space>\fP
-and \fB<tab>\fP are used for escape, space and tab, respectively (no kidding).
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  modes
-.PP
-Like vi, there are two modes: insert mode and command mode.
-In insert mode, most characters are simply put in the buffer at the
-current cursor position as they are typed, however, some characters
-are treated specially.
-In particular, the following characters are taken from current tty settings
-(see \fIstty\fP(1)) and have their usual meaning (normal values are in
-parentheses):
-kill (\fB^U\fP), erase (\fB^?\fP), werase (\fB^W\fP), eof (\fB^D\fP),
-intr (\fB^C\fP) and quit (\fB^\e\fP).
-In addition to the above, the following characters are also treated
-specially in insert mode:
-.TS
-expand;
-afB lw(4.5i).
-^H	T{
-erases previous character
-T}
-^V	T{
-literal next: the next character typed is not treated specially (can be
-used to insert the characters being described here)
-T}
-^J ^M	T{
-end of line: the current line is read, parsed and executed by the shell
-T}
-<esc>	T{
-puts the editor in command mode (see below)
-T}
-^E	T{
-command and file name enumeration (see below)
-T}
-^F	T{
-command and file name completion (see below).
-If used twice in a row, the list of possible completions is displayed;
-if used a third time, the completion is undone.
-T}
-^X	T{
-command and file name expansion (see below)
-T}
-<tab>	T{
-optional file name and command completion (see \fB^F\fP above), enabled with
-\fBset \-o vi-tabcomplete\fP
-T}
-.TE
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  display
-.PP
-If a line is longer that the screen width (see \fBCOLUMNS\fP parameter),
-a \fB>\fP, \fB+\fP or \fB<\fP character is displayed in the last column
-indicating that there are more characters after, before and after, or
-before the current position, respectively.
-The line is scrolled horizontally as necessary.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  command mode
-.PP
-In command mode, each character is interpreted as a command.
-Characters that don't correspond to commands, are illegal combinations of
-commands or are commands that can't be carried out all cause beeps.
-In the following command descriptions, a \fIn\fP indicates the
-command may be prefixed by a number (\fIe.g.\fP, \fB10l\fP moves right 10
-characters); if no number prefix is used, \fIn\fP is assumed to be 1
-unless otherwise specified.
-The term `current position' refers to the position between the cursor
-and the character preceding the cursor.
-A `word' is a sequence of letters, digits and underscore characters or a
-sequence of non-letter, non-digit, non-underscore, non-white-space characters
-(\fIe.g.\fP, ab2*&^ contains two words) and a `big-word' is a sequence of
-non-white-space characters.
-.\"{{{  Special ksh vi commands
-.IP "Special ksh vi commands"
+.It Ic yank-pop ^[y
+Immediately after a
+.Ic yank ,
+replaces the inserted text string with the next previously killed text string.
+.El
+.Ss Vi interactive input line editing
+The vi command line editor in ksh has basically the same commands as the vi
+editor (see
+.Xr vi 1 ) ,
+with the following exceptions:
+.Bl -bullet
+.It
+You start out in insert mode.
+.It
+There are file name and command completion commands
+.Po
+.Ic = , \e , \&* , ^X ,
+.Ic ^E , ^F ,
+and, optionally,
+.Ic <tab>
+.Pc .
+.It
+The
+.Ic _
+command is different (in ksh it is the last argument command, in vi it goes to
+the start of the current line).
+.It
+The
+.Ic /
+and
+.Ic G
+commands move in the opposite direction as the
+.Ic j
+command.
+.it
+Commands which don't make sense in a single line editor are not available
+(e.g., screen movement command, ex-style
+.Ic \&:
+commands, etc.).
+.El
+.Pp
+Note that the ^X stands for control-X; also <esc>, <space> and <tab> are used
+for escape, space, and tab, respectively (no kidding).
+.Pp
+Like vi, there are two modes --
+.Dq insert
+mode and
+.Dq command
+mode. In insert mode, most characters are simply put in the buffer at the
+current cursor position as they are typed, however, some characters are
+treated specially. In particular, the following characters are taken from
+current tty settings (see
+.Xr tty 1 )
+and have their usual meaning (normal values are in parentheses): kill (^U),
+erase (^?), werase (^W), eof (^D), intr (^C), and quit (^\e). In addition to
+the above, the following characters are also treated specially in insert mode:
+.Bl -tag -width 10n
+.It Ic ^H
+Erases previous character.
+.It Ic ^V
+Liternal next. The next character typed is not treated specially (can be used
+to insert the characters being described here).
+.It Ic ^J ^M
+End of line. The current line is read, parsed and executed by the shell.
+.It Ic <esc>
+Puts the editor in command mode (see below).
+.It Ic ^E
+Command and file name enumeration (see below).
+.It Ic ^F
+Command and file name completion (see below). If used twice in a row, the
+list of possible completions is displayed; if used a third time, the completion
+is undone.
+.It Ic ^X
+Command and file name expansion (see below).
+.It Ic <tab>
+Optional file name and command completion (see
+.Ic ^F
+above), enabled with
+.Ic set Fl o Ic vi-tabcomplete .
+.El
+.Pp
+If a line is longer than the screen width (see
+.Dv COLUMNS
+parameter), a 
+.Dq \&> ,
+.Dq \&+
+or
+.Dq \&<
+character is displayed in the last column indicating that there are more
+characters after, before and after, or before the current position,
+respectively. The line is scrolled horizontally as necessary.
+.Pp
+In command mode, each character is interpreted as a command. Characters that
+don't correspond to commands, are illegal combinations of commands, or are
+commands that can't be carried out all cause beeps. In the following command
+descriptions, an
+.Ar n
+indicates the command may be prefixed by a number (e.g.,
+.Ic 10l
+moves right 10 characters); if no number prefix is used,
+.Ar n
+is assumed to be 1 unless otherwise specified. The term
+.Dq current position
+refers to the position between the cursor and the character preceding the
+cursor. A
+.Dq word
+is a sequence of letters, digits and underscore characters or a sequence of
+non-letter, non-digit, non-underscore, non-whitespace characters (e.g.,
+.Dq ab2\&*\&&^
+contains two words) and a
+.Dq big-word
+is a sequence of non-whitespace characters.
+.Pp
+Special ksh vi commands
+.Pp
 The following commands are not in, or are different from, the normal vi file
 editor:
-.RS
-.IP "\fIn\fP\fB_\fP"
-insert a space followed by the \fIn\fPth big-word from the last command in the
-history at the current position and enter insert mode; if \fIn\fP is not
-specified, the last word is inserted.
-.IP "\fB#\fP"
-insert the comment character (\fB#\fP) at the start of the current line and
-return the line to the shell (equivalent to \fBI#^J\fP).
-.IP "\fIn\fP\fBg\fP"
-like \fBG\fP, except if \fIn\fP is not specified, it goes to the most recent 
-remembered line.
-.IP "\fIn\fP\fBv\fP"
-edit line \fIn\fP using the vi editor; 
-if \fIn\fP is not specified, the current line is edited.
-The actual command executed is
-`\fBfc \-e ${VISUAL:-${EDITOR:-vi}}\fP \fIn\fP'.
-.IP "\fB*\fP and \fB^X\fP"
-command or file name expansion is applied to the current big-word
-(with an appended *, if the word contains no file globing characters) - the
-big-word is replaced with the resulting words.
-If the current big-word is the first on the line (or follows one
-of the following characters: \fB;\fP, \fB|\fP, \fB&\fP, \fB(\fP, \fB)\fP)
-and does not contain a slash (\fB/\fP) then command expansion is done,
-otherwise file name expansion is done.
-Command expansion will match the big-word against all aliases, functions
-and built-in commands as well as any executable files found by searching
-the directories in the \fBPATH\fP parameter.
-File name expansion matches the big-word against the files in the
-current directory.
-After expansion, the cursor is placed just past the last word and the editor
-is in insert mode.
-.IP "\fIn\fP\fB\e\fP, \fIn\fP\fB^F\fP, \fIn\fP\fB<tab>\fP and \fIn\fP\fB<esc>\fP"
-command/file name completion: 
-replace the current big-word with the longest unique
-match obtained after performing command/file name expansion.
-\fB<tab>\fP is only recognized if the \fBvi-tabcomplete\fP option is set,
-while \fB<esc>\fP is only recognized if the \fBvi-esccomplete\fP option
-is set (see \fBset \-o\fP).
-If \fIn\fP is specified, the \fIn\fPth possible
-completion is selected (as reported by the command/file name enumeration
-command).
-.IP "\fB=\fP and \fB^E\fP"
-command/file name enumeration: list all the commands or files that match
-the current big-word.
-.IP "\fB^V\fP"
-display the version of pdksh; it is displayed until another key is pressed
-(this key is ignored).
-.IP "\fB@\fP\fIc\fP"
-macro expansion: execute the commands found in the alias _\fIc\fP.
-.RE
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  Intra-line movement commands
-.IP "Intra-line movement commands"
-.RS
-.IP "\fIn\fP\fBh\fP and \fIn\fP\fB^H\fP"
-move left \fIn\fP characters.
-.IP "\fIn\fP\fBl\fP and \fIn\fP\fB<space>\fP"
-move right \fIn\fP characters.
-.IP "\fB0\fP"
-move to column 0.
-.IP "\fB^\fP"
-move to the first non white-space character.
-.IP "\fIn\fP\fB|\fP"
-move to column \fIn\fP.
-.IP "\fB$\fP"
-move to the last character.
-.IP "\fIn\fP\fBb\fP"
-move back \fIn\fP words.
-.IP "\fIn\fP\fBB\fP"
-move back \fIn\fP big-words.
-.IP "\fIn\fP\fBe\fP"
-move forward to the end the word, \fIn\fP times.
-.IP "\fIn\fP\fBE\fP"
-move forward to the end the big-word, \fIn\fP times.
-.IP "\fIn\fP\fBw\fP"
-move forward \fIn\fP words.
-.IP "\fIn\fP\fBW\fP"
-move forward \fIn\fP big-words.
-.IP "\fB%\fP"
-find match: the editor looks forward for the nearest parenthesis,
-bracket or brace and then moves the to the matching parenthesis, bracket or
-brace.
-.IP "\fIn\fP\fBf\fP\fIc\fP"
-move forward to the \fIn\fPth occurrence of the character \fIc\fP.
-.IP "\fIn\fP\fBF\fP\fIc\fP"
-move backward to the \fIn\fPth occurrence of the character \fIc\fP.
-.IP "\fIn\fP\fBt\fP\fIc\fP"
-move forward to just before the \fIn\fPth occurrence of the character \fIc\fP.
-.IP "\fIn\fP\fBT\fP\fIc\fP"
-move backward to just before the \fIn\fPth occurrence of the character \fIc\fP.
-.IP "\fIn\fP\fB;\fP"
-repeats the last \fBf\fP, \fBF\fP, \fBt\fP or \fBT\fP command.
-.IP "\fIn\fP\fB,\fP"
-repeats the last \fBf\fP, \fBF\fP, \fBt\fP or \fBT\fP command, but moves
-in the opposite direction.
-.RE
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  Inter-line movement commands
-.IP "Inter-line movement commands"
-.RS
-.IP "\fIn\fP\fBj\fP and \fIn\fP\fB+\fP and \fIn\fP\fB^N\fP"
-move to the \fIn\fPth next line in the history.
-.IP "\fIn\fP\fBk\fP and \fIn\fP\fB-\fP and \fIn\fP\fB^P\fP"
-move to the \fIn\fPth previous line in the history.
-.IP "\fIn\fP\fBG\fP"
-move to line \fIn\fP in the history; if \fIn\fP is not specified, the
-number first remembered line is used.
-.IP "\fIn\fP\fBg\fP"
-like \fBG\fP, except if \fIn\fP is not specified, it goes to the most recent 
-remembered line.
-.IP "\fIn\fP\fB/\fP\fIstring\fP"
-search backward through the history for the \fIn\fPth line containing
-\fIstring\fP; if \fIstring\fP starts with \fB^\fP, the remainder of the
-string must appear at the start of the history line for it to match.
-.IP "\fIn\fP\fB?\fP\fIstring\fP"
-same as \fB/\fP, except it searches forward through the history.
-.IP "\fIn\fP\fBn\fP"
-search for the \fIn\fPth occurrence of the last search string; the
-direction of the search is the same as the last search.
-.IP "\fIn\fP\fBN\fP"
-search for the \fIn\fPth occurrence of the last search string; the
-direction of the search is the opposite of the last search.
-.RE
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  Edit commands
-.IP "Edit commands"
-.RS
-.IP "\fIn\fP\fBa\fP"
-append text \fIn\fP times: goes into insert mode just after the current
-position.
-The append is only replicated if command mode is re-entered (\fIi.e.\fP,
-<esc> is used).
-.IP "\fIn\fP\fBA\fP"
-same as \fBa\fP, except it appends at the end of the line.
-.IP "\fIn\fP\fBi\fP"
-insert text \fIn\fP times: goes into insert mode at the current
-position.
-The insertion is only replicated if command mode is re-entered (\fIi.e.\fP,
-<esc> is used).
-.IP "\fIn\fP\fBI\fP"
-same as \fBi\fP, except the insertion is done just before the first non-blank
-character.
-.IP "\fIn\fP\fBs\fP"
-substitute the next \fIn\fP characters (\fIi.e.\fP, delete the characters
-and go into insert mode).
-.IP "\fBS\fP"
-substitute whole line: all characters from the first non-blank character
-to the end of line are deleted and insert mode is entered.
-.IP "\fIn\fP\fBc\fP\fImove-cmd\fP"
-change from the current position to the position resulting from \fIn\fP
-\fImove-cmd\fPs (\fIi.e.\fP, delete the indicated region and go into insert
-mode);
-if \fImove-cmd\fP is \fBc\fP, the line starting from the first non-blank
-character is changed.
-.IP "\fBC\fP"
-change from the current position to the end of the line (\fIi.e.\fP, delete to
-the end of the line and go into insert mode).
-.IP "\fIn\fP\fBx\fP"
-delete the next \fIn\fP characters.
-.IP "\fIn\fP\fBX\fP"
-delete the previous \fIn\fP characters.
-.IP "\fBD\fP"
-delete to the end of the line.
-.IP "\fIn\fP\fBd\fP\fImove-cmd\fP"
-delete from the current position to the position resulting from
-\fIn\fP \fImove-cmd\fPs;
-\fImove-cmd\fP is a movement command (see above) or \fBd\fP, in which case
-the current line is deleted.
-.IP "\fIn\fP\fBr\fP\fIc\fP"
-replace the next \fIn\fP characters with the character \fIc\fP.
-.IP "\fIn\fP\fBR\fP"
-replace: enter insert mode but overwrite existing characters instead of
-inserting before existing characters.  The replacement is repeated \fIn\fP
+.Bl -tag -width 10n
+.It Ar n Ns _
+Insert a space followed by the
+.Ar n Ns th
+big-word from the last command in the history at the current position and enter
+insert mode; if
+.Ar n
+is not specified, the last word is inserted.
+.It Ic \&#
+Insert the comment character
+.Pq Sq #
+at the start of the current line and return the line to the shell (equivalent
+to
+.Ic \&I#^J ) .
+.It Ar n Ns Ic g
+Like
+.Ic G ,
+except if
+.Ar n
+is not specified, it goes to the most recent remembered line.
+.It Ic Ar n Ns Ic v
+Edit line
+.Ar n
+using the vi editor; if
+.Ar n
+is not specified, the current line is edited. The actual command executed is
+.Ic fc Fl e Ic ${VISUAL;-${EDITOR:-vi}} Ar n .
+.It Ic \&* No and Ic ^X
+Command or file name expansion is applied to the current big-word (with an
+appended
+.Dq \&* ,
+if the word contains no file globbing characters) -- the big-word is replaced
+with the resulting words. If the current big-word is the first on the line (or
+follows one of the following characters:
+.Dq \&; ,
+.Dq \&| ,
+.Dq \&& ,
+.Dq \&( ,
+or
+.Dq \&) )
+and does not contain a slash
+.Pq Sq /
+then the command expansion is done; otherwise file name expansion is done.
+Command expansion will match the big-word against all aliases, functions and
+built-in commands as well as any executable files found by searching the
+directories in the
+.Ev PATH
+parameter. File name expansion matches the big-word against the files in the
+current directory. After expansion, the cursor is places just past the last
+word and the editor is in insert mode.
+.It n\e,\ n^F,\ n<tab>,\ and\ n<esc>
+Command/file name completion. Replace the current big-word with the
+longest unique match obtained after performing command and file name expansion.
+.Ic <tab>
+is only recognized if the
+.Ic vi-tabcomplete
+option is set, while
+.Ic <esc>
+is only recognized if the
+.Ic vi-esccomplete
+option is set (see
+.Ic set Fl o ) .
+If
+.Ar n
+is specified, the
+.Ar n Ns th
+possible completion is selected (as reported by the command/file name
+enumeration command).
+.It Ic \&= No and Ic ^E
+Command/file name enumeration. List all the commands or files that match the
+current big-word.
+.It Ic ^V
+Display the version of
+.Nm pdksh ;
+it is displayed until another key is pressed (this key is ignored).
+.It Ic @ Ns Ar c
+Macro expansion. Execute the commands found in the alias
+.Ar c .
+.El
+.Pp
+Intra-line movement commands:
+.Bl -tag -width Ds
+.It Xo Ar n Ns Ic h No and
+.Ar n Ns Ic ^H
+.Xc
+Move left
+.Ar n
+characters.
+.It Xo Ar n Ns Ic l No and
+.Ar n Ns Ic <space>
+.Xc
+Move right
+.Ar n
+characters.
+.It Ic \&0
+Move to column 0.
+.It Ic ^
+Move to the first non-whitespace character.
+.It Ar n Ns Ic \&|
+Move to column
+.Ar n .
+.It Ic $
+Move to the last character.
+.It Ar n Ns Ic b
+Move back
+.Ar n
+words.
+.It Ar n Ns Ic B
+Move back
+.Ar n
+big-words.
+.It Ar n Ns Ic e
+Move forward to the end of the word,
+.Ar n
+times.
+.It Ar n Ns Ic E
+Move forward to the end of the big-word,
+.Ar n
+times.
+.It Ar n Ns Ic w
+Move forward
+.Ar n
+words.
+.It Ar n Ns Ic W
+Move forward
+.Ar n
+big-words.
+.It Ic %
+Find match. The editor looks forward for the nearest parenthesis, bracket or
+brace and then moves the cursor to the matching parenthesis, bracket or brace.
+.It Ar n Ns Ic f Ns Ar c
+Move forward to the
+.Ar n Ns th
+occurrence of the character
+.Ar c .
+.It Ar n Ns Ic F Ns Ar c
+Move backward to the
+.Ar n Ns th
+occurrence of the character
+.Ar c .
+.It Ar n Ns Ic t Ns Ar c
+Move forward to just before the
+.Ar n Ns th
+occurrence of the character
+.Ar c .
+.It Ar n Ns Ic T Ns Ar c
+Move backward to just before the
+.Ar n Ns th
+occurrence of the character
+.Ar c .
+.It Ar n Ns Ic \&;
+Repeats the last
+.Ic f , F , t
+or
+.Ic T
+command.
+.It Ar n Ns Ic \&,
+Repeats the last
+.Ic f , F , t
+or
+.Ic T
+command, but moves in the opposite direction.
+.El
+.Pp
+Inter-line movement commands:
+.Bl -tag -width Ds
+.It nj,\ n+\ and\ n^N
+Move to the
+.Ar n Ns th
+next line in the history.
+.It nk,\ n-\ and\ n^P
+Move to the
+.Ar n Ns th
+previous line in the history.
+.It Ar n Ns Ic G
+Move to line
+.Ar n
+in the history; if
+.Ar n
+is not specified, the number of the first remembered line is used.
+.It Ar n Ns Ic g
+Like
+.Ic G ,
+except if
+.Ar n
+is not specified, it goes to the most recent remembered line.
+.It Ar n Ns Ic / Ns Ar string
+Search backward through the history for the
+.Ar n Ns th
+line containing
+.Ar string ;
+if
+.Ar string
+starts with
+.Dq ^ ,
+the remainder of the string must appear at the start of the history line for
+it to match.
+.It Ar n Ns Ic \&? Ns Ar string
+Same as
+.Ic / ,
+except it searches forward through the history.
+.It Ar n Ns Ic n
+Search for the
+.Ar n Ns th
+occurrence of the last search string; the directory of the search is the same
+as the last search.
+.It Ar n Ns Ic N
+Search for the
+.Ar n Ns th
+occurrence of the last search string; the directory of the search is the
+opposite of the last search.
+.El
+.Pp
+Edit commands
+.Bl -tag -width Ds
+.It Ar n Ns Ic a
+Append text
+.Ar n
+times; goes into insert mode just after the current position. The append is
+only replicated if command mode is re-entered (i.e., <esc> is used).
+.It Ar n Ns Ic A
+Same as
+.Ic a ,
+except it appends at the end of the line.
+.It Ar n Ns Ic i
+Insert text
+.Ar n
+times; goes into insert mode at the current position. The insertion is only
+replicated if command mode is re-entered (i.e., <esc> is used).
+.It Ar n Ns Ic I
+Same as
+.Ic i ,
+except the insertion is done just before the first non-blank character.
+.It Ar n Ns Ic s
+Substitute the next
+.Ar n
+characters (i.e., delete the characters and go into insert mode).
+.It Ic S
+Substitute whole line. All characters from the first non-blank character to the
+end of the line are deleted and insert mode is entered.
+.It Ar n Ns Ic c Ns Ar move-cmd
+Change from the current position to the position resulting from
+.Ar n move-cmd Ns s
+(i.e., delete the indicated region and go into insert mode); if
+.Ar move-cmd
+is
+.Ic c ,
+the line starting from the first non-blank character is changed.
+.It Ic C
+Change from the current position to the end of the line (i.e., delete to the
+end of the line and go into insert mode).
+.It Ar n Ns Ic x
+Delete the next
+.Ar n
+characters.
+.It Ar n Ns Ic X
+Delete the previous
+.Ar n
+characters.
+.It Ic D
+Delete to the end of the line.
+.It Ar n Ns Ic d Ns Ar move-cmd
+Delete from the current position to the position resulting from
+.Ar n move-cmd Ns s ;
+.Ar move-cmd
+is a movement command (see above) or
+.Ic d ,
+in which case the current line is deleted.
+.It Ar n Ns Ic r Ns Ar c
+Replace the next
+.Ar n
+characters with the character
+.Ar c .
+.It Ar n Ns Ic R
+Replace. Enter insert mode but overwrite existing characters instead of
+inserting before existing characters. The replacement is repeated
+.Ar n
+times.
+.It Ar n Ns Ic \&~
+Change the case of the next
+.Ar n
+characters.
+.It Ar n Ns Ic y Ns Ar move-cmd
+Yank from the current position to the position resulting from
+.Ar n move-cmd Ns s
+into the yank buffer; if
+.Ar move-cmd
+is
+.Ic y ,
+the whole line is yanked.
+.It Ic Y
+Yank from the current position to the end of the line.
+.It Ar n Ns Ic p
+Paste the contents of the yank buffer just after the current position,
+.Ar n
+times.
+.It Ar n Ns Ic P
+Same as
+.Ic p ,
+except the buffer is pasted at the current position.
+.El
+.Pp
+Miscellaneous vi commands
+.Pp
+.Bl -tag -width Ds
+.It Ic ^J No and Ic ^M
+The current line is read, parsed and executed by the shell.
+.It Ic ^L No and Ic ^R
+Redraw the current line.
+.It Ar n Ns Ic \&.
+Redo the last edit command
+.Ar n
 times.
-.IP "\fIn\fP\fB~\fP"
-change the case of the next \fIn\fP characters.
-.IP "\fIn\fP\fBy\fP\fImove-cmd\fP"
-yank from the current position to the position resulting from \fIn\fP
-\fImove-cmd\fPs into the yank buffer; if \fImove-cmd\fP is \fBy\fP, the
-whole line is yanked.
-.IP "\fBY\fP"
-yank from the current position to the end of the line.
-.IP "\fIn\fP\fBp\fP"
-paste the contents of the yank buffer just after the current position,
-\fIn\fP times.
-.IP "\fIn\fP\fBP\fP"
-same as \fBp\fP, except the buffer is pasted at the current position.
-.RE
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  Miscellaneous vi commands
-.IP "Miscellaneous vi commands"
-.RS
-.IP "\fB^J\fP and \fB^M\fP"
-the current line is read, parsed and executed by the shell.
-.IP "\fB^L\fP and \fB^R\fP"
-redraw the current line.
-.IP "\fIn\fP\fB.\fP"
-redo the last edit command \fIn\fP times.
-.IP "\fBu\fP"
-undo the last edit command.
-.IP "\fBU\fP"
-undo all changes that have been made to the current line.
-.IP "\fIintr\fP and \fIquit\fP"
-the interrupt and quit terminal characters cause the current line to
-be deleted and a new prompt to be printed.
-.RE
-.\"Has all vi commands except:
-.\"    movement: { } [[ ]] ^E ^Y ^U ^D ^F ^B H L M ()
-.\"    tag commands: ^T ^]
-.\"    mark commands: m ` ' 
-.\"    named-buffer commands: " @
-.\"    file/shell/ex-commands: Q ZZ ^^ : ! &
-.\"    multi-line change commands: o O J
-.\"    shift commands: << >>
-.\"    status command: ^G
-.\"}}}
-.\"}}}
-.\"}}}
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  Files
-.SH FILES
-~/.profile
-.br
-/etc/profile
-.br
-/etc/suid_profile
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  Bugs
-.SH BUGS
-Any bugs in pdksh should be reported to pdksh@cs.mun.ca.  Please
-include the version of pdksh (echo $KSH_VERSION shows it), the machine,
-operating system and compiler you are using and a description of how to
-repeat the bug (a small shell script that demonstrates the bug is
-best).  The following, if relevant (if you are not sure, include them),
-can also helpful: options you are using (both options.h options and set
-\-o options) and a copy of your config.h (the file generated by the
-configure script).  New versions of pdksh can be obtained from
-ftp://ftp.cs.mun.ca/pub/pdksh/.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  Authors
-.SH AUTHORS
+.It Ic u
+Undo the last edit command.
+.It Ic U
+Undo all changes that have been made to the current line.
+.It Ar intr No and Ar quit
+The interrupt and quit terminal characters cause the current line to be
+deleted and a new prompt to be printed.
+.Sh FILES
+.Bl -tag -width "/etc/suid_profile" -compact
+.It Pa ~/.profile
+.It Pa /etc/profile
+.It Pa /etc/suid_profile
+.El
+.Sh SEE ALSO
+.Xr awk 1 ,
+.Xr csh 1 ,
+.Xr ed 1 ,
+.Xr getconf 1 ,
+.Xr getopt 1 ,
+.Xr sed 1 ,
+.Xr sh 1 ,
+.Xr stty 1 ,
+.Xr vi 1 ,
+.Xr dup 2 ,
+.Xr execve 2 ,
+.Xr getgid 2 ,
+.Xr getuid 2 ,
+.Xr open 2 ,
+.Xr pipe 2 ,
+.Xr wait 2 ,
+.Xr getopt 3 ,
+.Xr rand 3 ,
+.Xr signal 3 ,
+.Xr system 3 ,
+.Xr environ 5
+.Pp
+.Rs
+.%A Morris Bolsky and David Korn
+.%T "The KornShell Command and Programming Language"
+.%D 1983
+.%O "ISBN 0-13-516972-0"
+.Re
+.Rs
+.%A Stephen G. Kochan and Patrick H. Wood
+.%T "UNIX Shell Programming"
+.%O "Hayden"
+.Re
+.Rs
+.%A "IEEE Inc."
+.%T "IEEE Standard for Information Technology - Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX) - Part 2: Shell and Utilities"
+.%D 1993
+.%O "ISBN 1-55937-266-9"
+.Re
+.Sh BUGS
+Any bugs in
+.Nm pdksh
+should be reported to pdksh@cs.mun.ca. Please include the version of
+.Nm pdksh
+.Po
+.Ic echo $KSH_VERSION
+shows it
+.Pc ,
+the machine, operating system and compiler you are using and a description of
+how to repeat the bug (a small shell script that demonstrates the bug is best).
+The following, if relevant (if you are not sure, include them), can also be
+helpful: options you are using (both
+.Pa options.h
+and
+.Ic set Fl o Ic options )
+and a copy of your
+.Pa config.h
+(the file generated by the
+.Pa configure
+script). New version of
+.Nm pdksh
+can be obtained from ftp://ftp.cs.mun.ca/pub/pdksh.
+.Sh AUTHORS
 This shell is based on the public domain 7th edition Bourne shell clone by
-Charles Forsyth and parts of the BRL shell by Doug A.\& Gwyn, Doug Kingston,
-Ron Natalie, Arnold Robbins, Lou Salkind and others.  The first release
-of pdksh was created by Eric Gisin, and it was subsequently maintained by
-John R.\& MacMillan (chance!john@sq.sq.com), and
-Simon J.\& Gerraty (sjg@zen.void.oz.au).  The current maintainer is
-Michael Rendell (michael@cs.mun.ca).
-The CONTRIBUTORS file in the source distribution contains a more complete
-list of people and their part in the shell's development.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  See also
-.SH "SEE ALSO"
-awk(1), 
-sh(1),
-csh(1), ed(1), getconf(1), getopt(1), sed(1), stty(1), vi(1),
-dup(2), execve(2), getgid(2), getuid(2), open(2), pipe(2), wait(2),
-getopt(3), rand(3), signal(3), system(3),
-environ(5)
-.PP
-.IR "The KornShell Command and Programming Language" ,
-Morris Bolsky and David Korn, 1989, ISBN 0-13-516972-0.
-.PP
-.\" XXX ISBN missing
-.IR "UNIX Shell Programming" ,
-Stephen G.\& Kochan, Patrick H.\& Wood, Hayden.
-.PP
-.IR "IEEE Standard for information Technology \- Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX) \- Part 2: Shell and Utilities" ,
-IEEE Inc, 1993, ISBN 1-55937-255-9.
-.\"}}}
+Charles Forsyth and parts of the BRL shell by Doug A. Gwyn, Doug Kingston,
+Ron Natalie, Arnold Robbins, Lou Salkind, and others. The first release of
+.Nm pdksh
+was created by Eric Gisin, and it was subsequently maintained by John R.
+MacMillan (change!john@sq.sq.com) and Simon J. Gerraty (sjg@zen.void.oz.au).
+The current maintainer is Michael Rendell (michael@cs.mun.ca). The
+.Pa CONTRIBUTORS
+file in the source distribution contains a more complete list of people and
+their part in the shell's development.
diff --git a/bin/ksh/ksh.1tbl b/bin/ksh/ksh.1tbl
index 5b69fb21d58..947535f0897 100644
--- a/bin/ksh/ksh.1tbl
+++ b/bin/ksh/ksh.1tbl
@@ -1,3328 +1,4595 @@
-'\" t
-.\"	$OpenBSD: ksh.1tbl,v 1.14 1999/03/01 06:05:35 aaron Exp $
-.\"{{{}}}
-.\"{{{  Notes about man page
-.\"     - use the pseudo-macros .sh( and .sh) to begin and end sh-specific
-.\"       text and .ksh( and .ksh) for ksh specific text.
-.\"     - put i.e., e.g. and etc. in italics
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  To do
-.\" todo: Things not covered that should be:
-.\"	- distinguish (POSIX) special built-in's, (POSIX) regular built-in's,
-.\"	  and sh/ksh weirdo built-in's (put S,R,X superscripts after command
-.\"	  name in built-in commands section?)
-.\"	- need to be consistent about notation for `See section-name', `
-.\"	  See description of foobar command', `See section section-name', etc.
-.\"	- need to use the term `external command' meaning `a command that is 
-.\"       executed using execve(2)' (as opposed to a built-in command or 
-.\"       function) for more clear description.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  Title
-.TH KSH 1 "August 19, 1996" "" "User commands"
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  Name
-.SH NAME
-ksh \- Public domain Korn shell
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  Synopsis
-.SH SYNOPSIS
-.ad l
-\fBksh\fP
-[\fB\(+-abCefhikmnprsuvxX\fP] [\fB\(+-o\fP \fIoption\fP] [ [ \fB\-c\fP \fIcommand-string\fP [\fIcommand-name\fP] | \fB\-s\fP | \fIfile\fP ] [\fIargument\fP ...] ]
-.ad b
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  Description
-.SH DESCRIPTION
-\fBksh\fP is a command interpreter that is intended for both 
-interactive and shell script use.  Its command language is a superset
-of the \fIsh\fP(1) shell language.
-.\"{{{  Shell Startup
-.SS "Shell Startup"
+.\"	$OpenBSD: ksh.1tbl,v 1.15 1999/03/02 23:46:53 aaron Exp $
+.\"
+.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1990, 1993
+.\"     The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
+.\"
+.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+.\" are met:
+.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+.\"    must display the following acknowledgement:
+.\"     This product includes software developed by the University of
+.\"     California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+.\"    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+.\"    without specific prior written permission.
+.\"
+.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
+.\"
+.\"     @(#)ksh.1tbl      8.2 (Berkeley) 8/19/96
+.\"
+.Dd August 19, 1996
+.Dt KSH 1
+.Os BSD 4
+.Sh NAME
+.Nm ksh
+.Nd public domain Korn shell
+.Sh SYNOPSIS
+.Nm ksh
+.Op Fl +abCefhikmnprsuvxX
+.Op Fl +o Ar option
+.Oo [ Fl c Ar command-string [
+.Xo Ar command-name ] No \&| Fl s No \&|
+.Ar file No ]\ 
+.Xc
+.Op Ar argument ... Oc
+.Sh DESCRIPTION
+.Nm ksh
+is a command interpreter intended for both interactive and shell
+script use. Its command language is a superset of the
+.Xr sh 1
+shell language.
+.Ss Shell startup
 The following options can be specified only on the command line:
-.IP "\fB\-c\fP \fIcommand-string\fP"
-the shell executes the command(s) contained in \fIcommand-string\fP
-.IP \fB\-i\fP
-interactive mode \(em see below
-.IP \fB\-l\fP
-login shell \(em see below
-interactive mode \(em see below
-.IP \fB\-s\fP
-the shell reads commands from standard input; all non-option arguments
-are positional parameters
-.IP \fB\-r\fP
-restricted mode \(em see below
-.PP
-In addition to the above, the options described in the \fBset\fP built-in
-command can also be used on the command line.
-.PP
-If neither the \fB\-c\fP nor the \fB\-s\fP options are specified, the
-first non-option argument specifies the name of a file the shell reads
-commands from; if there are no non-option arguments, the shell reads
-commands from standard input.
-The name of the shell (\fIi.e.\fP, the contents of the \fB$0\fP) parameter
-is determined as follows: if the \fB\-c\fP option is used and there is
-a non-option argument, it is used as the name; if commands are being
-read from a file, the file is used as the name; otherwise the name
-the shell was called with (\fIi.e.\fP, argv[0]) is used.
-.PP
-A shell is \fBinteractive\fP if the \fB\-i\fP option is used or
-if both standard input and standard error are attached to a tty.
-An interactive shell has job control enabled (if available),
-ignores the INT, QUIT and TERM signals, and prints prompts before
-reading input (see \fBPS1\fP and \fBPS2\fP parameters).
-For non-interactive shells, the \fBtrackall\fP option is on by default
-(see \fBset\fP command below).
-.PP
-A shell is \fBrestricted\fP if the \fB\-r\fP option is used or if either
-the basename of the name the shell is invoked with or the \fBSHELL\fP
-parameter match the pattern *r*sh (\fIe.g.\fP, rsh, rksh, rpdksh, \fIetc.\fP).
-The following restrictions come into effect after the shell processes
-any profile and \fB$ENV\fP files:
-.nr P2 \n(PD
-.nr PD 0
-.IP \ \ \(bu
-the \fBcd\fP command is disabled
-.IP \ \ \(bu
-the \fBSHELL\fP, \fBENV\fP and \fBPATH\fP parameters can't be changed
-.IP \ \ \(bu
-command names can't be specified with absolute or relative paths
-.IP \ \ \(bu
-the \fB\-p\fP option of the \fBcommand\fP built-in can't be used
-.IP \ \ \(bu
-redirections that create files can't be used (\fIi.e.\fP, \fB>\fP,
-\fB>|\fP, \fB>>\fP, \fB<>\fP)
-.nr PD \n(P2
-.PP
-A shell is \fBprivileged\fP if the \fB\-p\fP option is used or if
-the real user-id or group-id does not match the effective user-id
-or group-id (see \fIgetuid\fP(2), \fIgetgid\fP(2)).
-A privileged shell does not process $HOME/.profile nor the \fBENV\fP
-parameter (see below), instead the file /etc/suid_profile is processed.
-Clearing the privileged option causes the shell to set its effective
-user-id (group-id) to its real user-id (group-id).
-.PP
-If the basename of the name the shell is called with (\fIi.e.\fP, argv[0])
-starts with \fB\-\fP or if the \fB\-l\fP option is used, the shell is assumed
-to be a login shell and the shell reads and executes the contents of
-\fB/etc/profile\fP and \fB$HOME/.profile\fP if they exist and are readable.
-.PP
-If the \fBENV\fP parameter is set when the shell starts (or, in the
-case of login shells, after any profiles are processed), its value
-is subjected to parameter, command, arithmetic and tilde substitution and
-the resulting file (if any) is read and executed.
-If \fBENV\fP parameter is not set (and not null) and pdksh was compiled
-with the \fBDEFAULT_ENV\fP macro defined, the file named in that macro
-is included (after the above mentioned substitutions have been performed).
-.PP
-The exit status of the shell is 127 if the command file specified
-on the command line could not be opened, or non-zero if a fatal syntax
-error occurred during the execution of a script.
-In the absence of fatal errors, the exit status is that of the last
-command executed, or zero, if no command is executed.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  Command Syntax
-.SS "Command Syntax"
-.\"{{{  words and tokens
-The shell begins parsing its input by breaking it into \fIword\fPs.
-Words, which are sequences of characters, are delimited by unquoted
-\fIwhite-space\fP characters (space, tab and newline) or \fImeta-characters\fP
-(\fB<\fP, \fB>\fP, \fB|\fP, \fB;\fP, \fB&\fP, \fB(\fP and \fB)\fP).
-Aside from delimiting words, spaces and tabs are ignored, while
-newlines usually delimit commands.
-The meta-characters are used in building the following tokens:
-\fB<\fP, \fB<&\fP, \fB<<\fP, \fB>\fP, \fB>&\fP, \fB>>\fP, \fIetc.\fP are
-used to specify redirections (see Input/Output Redirection below);
-\fB|\fP is used to create pipelines;
-\fB|&\fP is used to create co-processes (see Co-Processes below);
-\fB;\fP is used to separate commands;
-\fB&\fP is used to create asynchronous pipelines;
-\fB&&\fP and \fB||\fP are used to specify conditional execution;
-\fB;;\fP is used in \fBcase\fP statements;
-\fB((\fP .. \fB))\fP are used in arithmetic expressions;
+.Bl -tag -width Ds
+.It Fl c Ar command-string
+.Nm ksh
+will execute the command(s) contained in
+.Ar command-string .
+.It Fl i
+Interactive mode; see below.
+.It Fl l
+Login shell; see below.
+.It Fl s
+The shell reads commands from standard input; all non-option arguments
+are positional parameters.
+.It Fl r
+Restricted mode; see below.
+.El
+.Pp
+In addition to the above, the options described in the
+.Ic set
+built-in command can also be used on the command line.
+.Pp
+If neither the
+.Fl c
+nor the
+.Fl s
+options are specified, the first non-option argument specifies the name
+of a file the shell reads commands from. If there are no non-option
+arguments, the shell reads commands from the standard input. The name of
+the shell (i.e., the contents of $0) is determined as follows: if the
+.Fl c
+option is used and there is a non-option argument, it is used as the name;
+if commands are being read from a file, the file is used as the name;
+otherwise the name the shell was called with (i.e., argv[0]) is used.
+.Pp
+A shell is
+.Dq interactive
+if the
+.Fl i
+option is used or if both standard input and standard error are attached
+to a tty. An interactive shell has job control enabled (if available),
+ignores the
+.Dv INT ,
+.Dv QUIT ,
+and
+.Dv TERM
+signals, and prints prompts before reading input (see
+.Ev PS1
+and
+.Ev PS2
+parameters).
+For non-interactive shells, the
+.Ic trackall
+option is on by default (see
+.Ic set
+command below).
+.Pp
+A shell is
+.Dq restricted
+if the
+.Fl r
+option is used or if either the basename of the name the shell was invoked
+with or the
+.Ev SHELL
+parameter match the pattern
+.Dq \&*r\&*sh
+(e.g.,
+.Dq rsh ,
+.Dq rksh ,
+.Dq rpdksh ,
+etc.).
+The following restrictions come into effect after the shell processes any
+profile and
+.Ev ENV
+files:
+.Pp
+.Bl -bullet -compact
+.It
+The
+.Ic cd
+command is disabled.
+.It
+The
+.Ev SHELL ,
+.Ev ENV
+and
+.Ev PATH
+parameters cannot be changed.
+.It
+Command names can't be specified with absolute or relative paths.
+.It
+The
+.Fl p
+option of the built-in command
+.Ic command
+can't be used.
+.It
+Redirections that create files can't be used (i.e.,
+.Dq > ,
+.Dq >| ,
+.Dq >> ,
+.Dq <> ) .
+.El
+.Pp
+A shell is
+.Dq privileged
+if the
+.Fl p
+option is used or if the real user ID or group ID does not match the
+effective user ID or group ID (see
+.Xr getuid 2
+and
+.Xr getgid 2 ) .
+A privileged shell does not process
+.Pa $HOME/.profile
+nor the
+.Ev ENV
+parameter (see below). Instead, the file
+.Pa /etc/suid_profile
+is processed. Clearing the privileged option causes the shell to set
+its effective user ID (group ID) to its real user ID (group ID).
+.Pp
+If the basename of the name the shell is called with (i.e., argv[0])
+starts with
+.Dq \&-
+or if the
+.Fl l
+option is used,
+the shell is assumed to be a login shell and the shell reads and executes
+the contents of
+.Pa /etc/profile
+and
+.Pa $HOME/.profile
+if they exist and are readable.
+.Pp
+If the
+.Ev ENV
+parameter is set when the shell starts (or, in the case of login shells,
+after any profiles are processed), its value is subjected to parameter,
+command, arithmetic, and tilde
+.Pq Sq \&~
+substitution and the resulting file
+(if any) is read and executed. If the
+.Ev ENV
+parameter is not set (and not
+.Dv NULL )
+and
+.Nm pdksh
+was compiled with the
+.Dv DEFAULT_ENV
+macro defined, the file named in that macro is included (after the above
+mentioned substitutions have been performed).
+.Pp
+The exit status of the shell is 127 if the command file specified on the
+command line could not be opened, or non-zero if a fatal syntax error
+occurred during the execution of a script. In the absence of fatal errors,
+the exit status is that of the last command executed, or zero, if no
+command is executed.
+.Ss Command syntax
+The shells begins parsing its input by breaking it into
+.Em words .
+Words, which are sequences of characters, are delimited by unquoted whitespace
+characters (space, tab, and newline) or meta-characters
+.Po
+.Dq \&< ,
+.Dq \&> ,
+.Dq \&| ,
+.Dq \&; ,
+.Dq \&( ,
+and
+.Dq \&)
+.Pc .
+Aside from delimiting words, spaces and tabs are ignored, while newlines
+usually delimit commands. The meta-charcters are used in building the
+following tokens:
+.Dq \&< ,
+.Dq \&<\&& ,
+.Dq \&<\&< ,
+.Dq \&> ,
+.Dq \&>\&& ,
+.Dq \&>\&> ,
+etc. are used to specify redirections (see
+.Sx Input/output redirection
+below);
+.Dq \&|
+is used to create pipelines;
+.Dq \&|\&&
+is used to create co-processes (see
+.Sx Co-processes
+below);
+.Dq \&;
+is used to separate commands;
+.Dq \&&
+is used to create asynchronous pipelines;
+.Dq \&&\&&
+and
+.Dq \&|\&|
+are used to specify conditional execution;
+.Dq \&;\&;
+is used in
+.Ic case
+statements;
+.Dq \&(\&( .. \&)\&)
+are used in arithmetic expressions;
 and lastly,
-\fB(\fP .. \fB)\fP are used to create subshells.
-.PP
-White-space and meta-characters can be quoted individually using
-backslash (\fB\e\fP), or in groups using double (\fB"\fP) or single (\fB'\fP)
-quotes.
-Note that the following characters are also treated specially by the shell and
-must be quoted if they are to represent themselves:
-\fB\e\fP, \fB"\fP, \fB'\fP, \fB#\fP, \fB$\fP, \fB`\fP, \fB~\fP, \fB{\fP,
-\fB}\fP, \fB*\fP, \fB?\fP and \fB[\fP.
-The first three of these are the above mentioned quoting characters
-(see Quoting below);
-\fB#\fP, if used at the beginning of a word, introduces a comment \(em everything
-after the \fB#\fP up to the nearest newline is ignored;
-\fB$\fP is used to introduce parameter, command and arithmetic substitutions
-(see Substitution below);
-\fB`\fP introduces an old-style command substitution
-(see Substitution below);
-\fB~\fP begins a directory expansion (see Tilde Expansion below);
-\fB{\fP and \fB}\fP delimit \fIcsh\fP(1) style alternations
-(see Brace Expansion below);
-and, finally, \fB*\fP, \fB?\fP and \fB[\fP are used in file name generation
-(see File Name Patterns below).
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  simple-command
-.PP
-As words and tokens are parsed, the shell builds commands, of which
-there are two basic types: \fIsimple-commands\fP, typically programs
-that are executed, and \fIcompound-commands\fP, such as \fBfor\fP and
-\fBif\fP statements, grouping constructs and function definitions.
-.PP
-A simple-command consists of some combination of parameter assignments (see
-Parameters below), input/output redirections (see Input/Output Redirections
-below), and command words; the only restriction is that parameter assignments
-come before any command words.
-The command words, if any, define the command that is to be executed and its
-arguments.
-The command may be a shell built-in command, a function or an \fIexternal
-command\fP, \fIi.e.\fP, a separate executable file that is located using the
-\fBPATH\fP parameter (see Command Execution below).
-Note that all command constructs have an \fIexit status\fP: for external
-commands, this is related to the status returned by \fIwait\fP(2) (if the
-command could not be found, the exit status is 127, if it could not be
-executed, the exit status is 126);
-the exit status of other command constructs (built-in commands, functions,
-compound-commands, pipelines, lists, \fIetc.\fP) are all well defined and are
-described where the construct is described.
-The exit status of a command consisting only of parameter assignments is that
-of the last command substitution performed during the parameter assignment
-or zero if there were no command substitutions.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  pipeline
-.PP
-Commands can be chained together using the \fB|\fP token to
-form \fIpipelines\fP, in which the standard output of each command but
-the last is piped (see \fIpipe\fP(2)) to the standard input of the following
-command.
-The exit status of a pipeline is that of its last command.
-A pipeline may be prefixed by the \fB!\fP reserved word which
-causes the exit status of the pipeline to be logically
-complemented: if the original status was 0 the complemented status will
-be 1, and if the original status was not 0, then the complemented
-status will be 0.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  lists
-.PP
-\fILists\fP of commands can be created by separating pipelines by
-any of the following tokens: \fB&&\fP, \fB||\fP, \fB&\fP, \fB|&\fP and \fB;\fP.
-The first two are for conditional execution: \fIcmd1\fP \fB&&\fP \fIcmd2\fP
-executes \fIcmd2\fP only if the exit status of \fIcmd1\fP is zero;
-\fB||\fP is the opposite \(em \fIcmd2\fP is executed only if the exit status
-of \fIcmd1\fP is non-zero.
-\fB&&\fP and \fB||\fP have equal precedence which is higher than that of
-\fB&\fP, \fB|&\fP and \fB;\fP, which also have equal precedence.
-The \fB&\fP token causes the preceding command to be executed asynchronously,
-that is, the shell starts the command, but does not wait for it to complete
-(the shell does keep track of the status of asynchronous commands \(em see
-Job Control below).
-When an asynchronous command is started when job control is disabled
-(\fIi.e.\fP, in most scripts), the command is started with signals INT
-and QUIT ignored and with input redirected from /dev/null
+.Dq \&( .. \&)
+are used to create subshells.
+.Pp
+Whitespace and meta-characters can be quoted individually using a backslash
+.Pq Sq \e ,
+or in groups using double
+.Pq Sq \&"
+or single
+.Pq Sq \&'
+quotes. Note that the following characters are also treated specially by the
+shell and must be quoted if they are to represent themselves:
+.Dq \e ,
+.Dq \&" ,
+.Dq \&' ,
+.Dq \&# ,
+.Dq \&$ ,
+.Dq \&` ,
+.Dq \&~ ,
+.Dq \&{ ,
+.Dq \&} ,
+.Dq \&* ,
+.Dq \&? ,
+and
+.Dq \&[ .
+The first three of these are the above mentioned quoting characters (see
+.Sx Quoting
+below);
+.Dq \&# ,
+if used at the beginning of a word, introduces a comment -- everything after
+the
+.Dq \&#
+up to the nearest newline is ignored;
+.Dq \&$
+is used to introduce parameter, command and arithmetic substitutions (see
+.Sx Substitution
+below);
+.Dq \&`
+introduces an old-style command substitution (see
+.Sx Substitution
+below);
+.Dq \&~
+begins a directory expansion (see
+.Sx Tilde expansion
+below);
+.Dq \&{
+and
+.Dq \&}
+delimit
+.Xr csh 1
+style alterations (see
+.Sx Brace expansion
+below);
+and, finally,
+.Dq \&* ,
+.Dq \&? ,
+and
+.Dq \&[
+are used in file name generation (see
+.Sx File name patterns
+below).
+.Pp
+As words and tokens are parsed, the shell builds commands, of which there
+are two basic types:
+.Em simple-commands ,
+typically programs that are executed, and
+.Em compound-commands ,
+such as
+.Ic for
+and
+.Ic if
+statements, grouping constructs and function definitions.
+.Pp
+A simple-command consists of some combination of parameter assignments
+(see
+.Sx Parameters
+below),
+input/output redirections (see
+.Sx Input/output redirections
+below),
+and command words; the only restriction is that parameter assignments come
+before any command words. The command words, if any, define the command
+that is to be executed and its arguments. The command may be a shell built-in
+command, a function or an external command (i.e., a separate executable file
+that is located using the
+.Ev PATH
+parameter (see
+.Sx Command execution
+below)).
+Note that all command constructs have an exit status: for external commands,
+this is related to the status returned by
+.Xr wait 2
+(if the command could not be found, the exit status is 127; if it could not
+be executed, the exit status is 126); the exit status of other command
+constructs (built-in commands, functions, compound-commands, pipelines, lists,
+etc.) are all well-defined and are described where the construct is
+described. The exit status of a command consisting only of parameter
+assignments is that of the last command substitution performed during the
+parameter assignment or 0 is there were no command substitutions.
+.Pp
+Commands can be chained together using the
+.Dq \&|
+token to form pipelines, in which the standard output of each command but the
+last is piped (see
+.Xr pipe 2 )
+to the standard input of the following command. The exit status of a pipeline
+is that of its last command. A pipeline may be prefixed by the
+.Dq \&!
+reversed word which causes the exit status of the pipeline to be logically
+complemented: if the original status was 0 the complemented status will be 1;
+if the original status was not 0, the complemented status will be 0.
+.Pp
+.Em Lists
+of commands can be created by separating pipelines by any of the following
+tokens:
+.Dq \&&\&& ,
+.Dq \&|\&| ,
+.Dq \&& ,
+.Dq \&|\&& ,
+and
+.Dq \&; .
+The first two are for conditional execution:
+.Dq Ar cmd1 No && Ar cmd2
+executes
+.Ar cmd2
+only if the exit status of
+.Ar cmd1
+is zero;
+.Dq \&|\&|
+is the opposite --
+.Ar cmd2
+is executed only if the exit status of
+.Ar cmd1
+is non-zero.
+.Dq \&&\&&
+and 
+.Dq \&|\&|
+have equal precedence which is higher that that of
+.Dq \&& ,
+.Dq \&|\&&
+and
+.Dq \&; ,
+which also have equal precedence. The
+.Dq \&&
+token causes the preceding command to be executed asynchronously; that is,
+the shell starts the command but does not wait for it to complete (the shell
+does keep track of the status of asynchronous commands, see
+.Sx Job control
+below). When an asynchronous command is started when job control is disabled
+(i.e., in most scripts), the command is started with signals
+.Dv INT
+and
+.Dv QUIT
+ignored and with input redirected from
+.Pa /dev/null
 (however, redirections specified in the asynchronous command have precedence).
-The \fB|&\fP operator starts a \fIco-process\fP which is special kind of
-asynchronous process (see Co-Processes below).
-Note that a command must follow the \fB&&\fP and \fB||\fP operators, while
-a command need not follow \fB&\fP, \fB|&\fP and \fB;\fP.
+The
+.Dq \&|\&&
+operator starts a co-process which is a special kind of asynchronous process
+(see
+.Sx Co-processes
+below). Note that a command must follow the
+.Dq \&&\&&
+and
+.Dq \&|\&|
+operators, while it need not follow
+.Dq \&& ,
+.Dq \&|\&&
+or
+.Dq \&; .
 The exit status of a list is that of the last command executed, with the
 exception of asynchronous lists, for which the exit status is 0.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  compound-commands
-.PP
-Compound commands are created using the following reserved words \(em these
-words are only recognized if they are unquoted and if they are used as
-the first word of a command (\fIi.e.\fP, they can't be preceded by parameter
-assignments or redirections):
+.Pp
+Compound commands are created using the following reserved words. These words
+are only recognized if they are unquoted and if they are used as the first
+word of a command (i.e., they can't be preceded by parameter assignments or
+redirections):
+.Pp
 .TS
 center;
 lfB lfB lfB lfB lfB .
-case	else	function	then	!
-do	esac	if	time	[[
-done	fi	in	until	{
-elif	for	select	while	}
+case    else    function        then    !
+do      esac    if      time    [[
+done    fi      in      until   {
+elif    for     select  while   }
 .TE
-\fBNote:\fP Some shells (but not this one) execute control structure commands
-in a subshell when one or more of their file descriptors are redirected, so
-any environment changes inside them may fail.
-To be portable, the \fBexec\fP statement should be used instead to redirect
-file descriptors before the control structure.
-.PP
+.\"
+.\".Ic case , do , done , elif ,
+.\".Ic else , esac , fi , for ,
+.\".Ic function , if , in , select ,
+.\".Ic then , time , until , while ,
+.\".Ic \&! , \&[\&[ , \&{ , \&}
+.Pp
+NOTE: Some shells (but not this one) execute control structure commands in a
+subshell when one or more of their file descriptors are redirected, so any
+environment changes inside them may fail. To be portable, the
+.Ic exec
+statement should be used instead to redirect file descriptors before the
+control structure.
+.Pp
 In the following compound command descriptions, command lists (denoted as
-\fIlist\fP) that are followed by reserved words must end with a
-semi-colon, a newline or a (syntactically correct) reserved word.
-For example,
-.RS
-\fB{ echo foo; echo bar; }\fP
-.br
-\fB{ echo foo; echo bar<newline>}\fP
-.br
-\fB{ { echo foo; echo bar; } }\fP
-.RE
+.Em list )
+that are followed by reserved words must end with a semi-colon, a newline or
+a (syntactically correct) reserved word. For example,
+.Pp
+.Bl -inset -indent -compact
+.It Ic { echo foo; echo bar; }
+.It Ic { echo foo; echo bar<newline> }
+.It Ic { { echo foo; echo bar; } }
+.El
+.Pp
 are all valid, but
-.RS
-\fB{ echo foo; echo bar }\fP
-.RE
+.Pp
+.Bl -inset -indent -compact
+.It Ic { echo foo; echo bar }
+.El
+.Pp
 is not.
-.\"{{{  ( list )
-.IP "\fB(\fP \fIlist\fP \fB)\fP"
-Execute \fIlist\fP in a subshell.  There is no implicit way to pass
-environment changes from a subshell back to its parent.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  { list }
-.IP "\fB{\fP \fIlist\fP \fB}\fP"
-Compound construct; \fIlist\fP is executed, but not in a subshell.
-Note that \fB{\fP and \fB}\fP are reserved words, not meta-characters.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  case word in [ [ ( ] pattern [ | pattern ] ... ) list ;; ] ... esac
-.IP "\fBcase\fP \fIword\fP \fBin\fP [ [\fB(\fP] \fIpattern\fP [\fB|\fP \fIpattern\fP] ... \fB)\fP \fIlist\fP \fB;;\fP ] ... \fBesac\fP"
-The \fBcase\fP statement attempts to match \fIword\fP against the specified
-\fIpattern\fPs; the \fIlist\fP associated with the first successfully matched
-pattern is executed.  Patterns used in \fBcase\fP statements are the same as
-those used for file name patterns except that the restrictions regarding
-\fB\&.\fP and \fB/\fP are dropped.  Note that any unquoted space before and
-after a pattern is stripped; any space with a pattern must be quoted.  Both the
-word and the patterns are subject to parameter, command, and arithmetic
-substitution as well as tilde substitution.
-For historical reasons, open and close braces may be used instead
-of \fBin\fP and \fBesac\fP (\fIe.g.\fP, \fBcase $foo { *) echo bar; }\fP).
-The exit status of a \fBcase\fP statement is that of the executed \fIlist\fP;
-if no \fIlist\fP is executed, the exit status is zero.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  for name [ in word ... term ] do list done
-.IP "\fBfor\fP \fIname\fP [ \fBin\fP \fIword\fP ... \fIterm\fP ] \fBdo\fP \fIlist\fP \fBdone\fP"
-where \fIterm\fP is either a newline or a \fB;\fP.
-For each \fIword\fP in the specified word list, the parameter \fIname\fP is
-set to the word and \fIlist\fP is executed.  If \fBin\fP is not used to
-specify a word list, the positional parameters (\fB"$1"\fP, \fB"$2"\fP,
-\fIetc.\fP) are used instead.
-For historical reasons, open and close braces may be used instead
-of \fBdo\fP and \fBdone\fP (\fIe.g.\fP, \fBfor i; { echo $i; }\fP).
-The exit status of a \fBfor\fP statement is the last exit status
-of \fIlist\fP; if \fIlist\fP is never executed, the exit status is zero.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  if list then list [ elif list then list ] ... [ else list ] fi
-.IP "\fBif\fP \fIlist\fP \fBthen\fP \fIlist\fP [\fBelif\fP \fIlist\fP \fBthen\fP \fIlist\fP] ... [\fBelse\fP \fIlist\fP] \fBfi\fP"
-If the exit status of the first \fIlist\fP is zero, the second \fIlist\fP
-is executed; otherwise the \fIlist\fP following the \fBelif\fP, if any, is
-executed with similar consequences.  If all the lists following the \fBif\fP
-and \fBelif\fPs fail (\fIi.e.\fP, exit with non-zero status), the \fIlist\fP
-following the \fBelse\fP is executed.
-The exit status of an \fBif\fP statement is that
-of non-conditional \fIlist\fP that is executed; if no non-conditional
-\fIlist\fP is executed, the exit status is zero.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  select name [ in word ... ] do list done
-.IP "\fBselect\fP \fIname\fP [ \fBin\fP \fIword\fP ... \fIterm\fP ] \fBdo\fP \fIlist\fP \fBdone\fP"
-where \fIterm\fP is either a newline or a \fB;\fP.
-The \fBselect\fP statement provides an automatic method of presenting
-the user with a menu and selecting from it.
-An enumerated list of the specified \fIwords\fP is printed on standard
-error, followed by a prompt (\fBPS3\fP, normally `\fB#? \fP').
-A number corresponding to one of the enumerated words is then read
-from standard input, \fIname\fP is set to the selected word (or is
-unset if the selection is not valid), \fBREPLY\fP
-is set to what was read (leading/trailing space is stripped),
-and \fIlist\fP is executed.
-If a blank line (\fIi.e.\fP, zero or more \fBIFS\fP characters) is entered,
-the menu is re-printed without executing \fIlist\fP.
-When \fIlist\fP completes, the enumerated list is printed if \fBREPLY\fP
-is null, the prompt is printed and so on.
-This process is continues until an end-of-file is read, an interrupt is
-received or a break statement is executed inside the loop.
-If \fBin\fP \fIword\fP \fB\&...\fP is omitted, the positional parameters
-are used (\fIi.e.\fP, \fB"$1"\fP, \fB"$2"\fP, \fIetc.\fP).
-For historical reasons, open and close braces may be used instead
-of \fBdo\fP and \fBdone\fP (\fIe.g.\fP, \fBselect i; { echo $i; }\fP).
-The exit status of a \fBselect\fP statement is zero if a break statement
-is used to exit the loop, non-zero otherwise.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  until list do list done
-.IP "\fBuntil\fP \fIlist\fP \fBdo\fP \fIlist\fP \fBdone\fP"
-This works like \fBwhile\fP, except that the body is executed only while the
-exit status of the first \fIlist\fP is non-zero.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  while list do list done
-.IP "\fBwhile\fP \fIlist\fP \fBdo\fP \fIlist\fP \fBdone\fP"
-A \fBwhile\fP is a prechecked loop.  Its body is executed as often
-as the exit status of the first \fIlist\fP is zero.
-The exit status of a \fBwhile\fP statement is the last exit status
-of the \fIlist\fP in the body of the loop; if the body is not executed,
-the exit status is zero.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  function name { list }
-.IP "\fBfunction\fP \fIname\fP \fB{\fP \fIlist\fP \fB}\fP"
-Defines the function \fIname\fP.
-See Functions below.
-Note that redirections specified after a function definition are
-performed whenever the function is executed, not when the function
-definition is executed.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  name () command
-.IP "\fIname\fP \fB()\fP \fIcommand\fP"
-Mostly the same as \fBfunction\fP.
-See Functions below.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  (( expression ))
-.IP "\fB((\fP \fIexpression\fP \fB))\fP"
-The arithmetic expression \fIexpression\fP is evaluated;
-equivalent to \fBlet "\fP\fIexpression\fP\fB"\fP.
-See Arithmetic Expressions and the \fBlet\fP command below.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  [[ expression ]]
-.IP "\fB[[\fP \fIexpression\fP \fB]]\fP"
-Similar to the \fBtest\fP and \fB[\fP \&... \fB]\fP commands (described later),
-with the following exceptions:
-.RS
-.nr P2 \n(PD
-.nr PD 0
-.IP \ \ \(bu
-Field splitting and file name generation are not performed on
-arguments.
-.IP \ \ \(bu
-The \fB\-a\fP (and) and \fB\-o\fP (or) operators are replaced with
-\fB&&\fP and \fB||\fP, respectively.
-.IP \ \ \(bu
-Operators (\fIe.g.\fP, \fB\-f\fP, \fB=\fP, \fB!\fP, \fIetc.\fP) must be unquoted.
-.IP \ \ \(bu
-The second operand of \fB!=\fP and \fB=\fP
-expressions are patterns (\fIe.g.\fP, the comparison in
-.ce
-\fB[[ foobar = f*r ]]\fP
+.Bl -tag -width Ds
+.It Ic \&( Ar list Ic \&)
+Execute
+.Ar list
+in a subshell. There is no implicit way to pass environment changes from a
+subshell back to its parent.
+.It Ic \&{ Ar list Ic \&}
+Compound construct;
+.Ar list
+is executed, but not in a subshell. Note that
+.Ic \&{
+and
+.Ic \&}
+are reserved words, not meta-characters.
+.It Xo Ic case Ar word Ic in [
+.Ns [ Ic \&( ] Ar pattern [
+.Ns Ic \&| Ar pattern ] ... Ic \&)
+.Ar list Ic \&;\&;
+.Ns ] Ar ...
+.Ic esac
+.Xc
+The
+.Ic case
+statement attempts to match
+.Ar word
+against the specified
+.Ar pattern Ns s ;
+the
+.Ar list
+associated with the first successfully matched pattern is executed. Patterns
+used in
+.Ic case
+statements are the same as those used for file name patterns except that the
+restrictions regarding
+.Dq \&.
+and
+.Dq \&/
+are dropped. Note that any unquoted space before and after a pattern is
+stripped; any space with a pattern must be quoted. Both the word and the
+patterns are subject to parameter, command and arithmetic substitution as
+well as tilde substitution. For historical reasons, open and close braces
+may be used instead of
+.Ic in
+and
+.Ic esac
+(e.g.,
+.Ic case $foo { *) echo bar; } ) .
+The exit status of a
+.Ic case
+statement is that of the executed
+.Ar list ;
+if no
+.Ar list
+is executed, the exit status is zero.
+.It Xo Ic for Ar name \&[
+.Ic in Ar word Ar ... Ar term \&]
+.Ic do Ar list Ic done
+.Xc
+For each
+.Ar word
+in the specified word list, the parameter
+.Ar name
+is set to the word and
+.Ar list
+is executed. If
+.Ic in
+is not used to specify a word list, the positional parameters ($1, $2, etc.)
+are used instead. For historical reasons, open and clase braces may be used
+instead of
+.Ic do
+and
+.Ic done
+(e.g.,
+.Ic for i\&; { echo $i; } ) .
+The exit status of a
+.Ic for
+statement is the last exit status of
+.Ar list ;
+if
+.Ar list
+is never executed, the exit status is zero.
+.Ar term
+is either a newline or a
+.Dq \&; .
+.It Xo Ic if Ar list Ic then
+.Ar list [ Ic elif Ar list Ic then
+.Ar list ] Ar ... [ Ic else
+.Ar list ] Ic fi
+.Xc
+If the exit status of the first
+.Ar list
+is zero, the second
+.Ar list
+is executed; otherwise the
+.Ar list
+following the
+.Ic elif ,
+if any, is executed with similar consequences. If all the lists following
+the
+.Ic if
+and
+.Ic elif Ns s
+fail (i.e., exit with non-zero status), the
+.Ar list
+following the
+.Ic else
+is executed. The exit status of an
+.Ic if
+statement is that of non-conditional
+.Ar list
+that is executed; if no non-conditional
+.Ar list
+is executed, the exit status is zero.
+.It Xo Ic select Ar name \&[
+.Ic in Ar word Ar ... Ar term \&]
+.Ic do Ar list Ic done
+.Xc
+The
+.Ic select
+statement provides an automatic method of presenting the user with a menu and
+selecting from it. An enumerated list of the specified
+.Ar word Ns s
+is printed on standard error, followed by a prompt
+.Po
+.Ev PS3, normally
+.Dq #?\ \&
+.Pc .
+A number corresponding to one of the enumerated words is then read from
+standard input,
+.Ar name
+is set to the selected word (or unset if the selection is not valid),
+.Ev REPLY
+is set to what was read (leading/trailing space is stripped), and
+.Ar list
+is executed.
+If a blank line (i.e., zero or more
+.Ev IFS
+characters) is entered, the menu is reprinted without executing
+.Ar list .
+When
+.Ar list
+completes, the enumerated list is printed if
+.Ev REPLY
+is
+.Dv NULL ,
+the prompt is printed and so on. This process continues until an end-of-file
+is read, an interrupt is received, or a
+.Ic break
+statement is executed inside the loop. If
+.Ic in Ar word Ar ...
+is omitted, the positional parameters are used (i.e., $1, $2, etc.). For
+historical reasons, open and close braces may be used instead of
+.Ic do
+and
+.Ic done
+(e.g.,
+.Ic select i; { echo $i; } ) .
+The exit status of a
+.Ic select
+statement is zero if a break statement is used to exit the loop, non-zero
+otherwise.
+.It Xo Ic until Ar list Ic do Ar list
+.Ic done
+.Xc
+This works like
+.Ic while ,
+except that the body is executed only while the exit status of the first
+.Ar list
+is non-zero.
+.It Xo Ic while Ar list Ic do Ar list
+.Ic done
+.Xc
+A
+.Ic while
+is a pre-checked loop. Its body is executed as often as the exit status of
+the first
+.Ar list
+is zero. The exit status of a
+.Ic while
+statement is the last exit status of the
+.Ar list
+in the body of the loop; if the body is not executed, the exit status is zero.
+.It Xo Ic function Ar name Ic \&{
+.Ar list Ic \&}
+.Xc
+Defines the function
+.Ar name
+(see
+.Sx Functions
+below). Note that redirections specified after a function definition are
+performed whenever the function is executed, not when the function definition
+is executed.
+.It Ar name Ic () Ar command
+Mostly the same as
+.Ic function
+(see
+.Sx Functions
+below).
+.It Ic (( Ar expression Ic ))
+The arithmetic expression
+.Ar expression
+is evaluated; equivalent to
+.Ic let Ar expression 
+(see
+.Sx Arithmetic expressions
+and the
+.Ic let
+command below).
+.It Ic [[ Ar expression Ic ]]
+Similar to the
+.Ic test
+and
+.Ic \&[ Ar ... Ic \&]
+commands (described later), with the following exceptions:
+.Pp
+.Bl -bullet -offset indent
+.It
+Field splitting and file name generation are not performed on arguments.
+.It
+The
+.Fl a
+(and) and
+.Fl o
+(or) operators are replaced with
+.Dq \&&\&&
+and
+.Dq \&|\&| ,
+respectively.
+.It
+Operators (e.g.,
+.Dq Fl f ,
+.Dq = ,
+.Dq \&! ,
+etc.) must be unquoted.
+.It
+The second operand of the
+.Dq \&!=
+and
+.Dq =
+expressions are patterns (e.g., the comparison
+.Ic [[ foobar = f*r ]]
 succeeds).
-.IP \ \ \(bu
-There are two additional binary operators: \fB<\fP and \fB>\fP
-which return true if their first string operand is less than,
-or greater than, their second string operand, respectively.
-.IP \ \ \(bu
-The single argument form
-of \fBtest\fP, which tests if the argument has non-zero length, is not valid
-- explicit operators must be always be used, \fIe.g.\fP, instead of
-.ce
-\fB[\fP \fIstr\fP \fB]\fP
+.It
+There are two additional binary operators:
+.Dq \&<
+and
+.Dq \&>
+which return true if their first string operand is less than, or greater than,
+their second string operand, respectively.
+.It
+The single argument form of
+.Ic test ,
+which tests if the argument has a non-zero length, is not valid; explicit
+operators must always be used (e.g., instead of
+.Ic \&[ Ar str Ic \&]
 use
-.ce
-\fB[[ \-n \fP\fIstr\fP\fB ]]\fP
-.IP \ \ \(bu
-Parameter, command and arithmetic substitutions are performed as
-expressions are evaluated and lazy expression evaluation is used for
-the \fB&&\fP and \fB||\fP operators.
-This means that in the statement
-.ce
-\fB[[ -r foo && $(< foo) = b*r ]]\fP
-the \fB$(< foo)\fP is evaluated if and only if the file \fBfoo\fP exists
-and is readable.
-.nr PD \n(P2
-.RE
-.\"}}}
-.\"}}}
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  Quoting
-.SS Quoting
+.Ic \&[[ Fl n Ar str Ic \&]] ) .
+.It
+Parameter, command and arithmetic substitutions are performed as expressions
+are evaluated and lazy expression evaluation is used for the
+.Dq \&&\&&
+and
+.Dq \&|\&|
+operators. This means that in the statement
+.Pp
+.Ic \&[[ -r foo && $(< foo) = b*r ]]
+.Pp
+the
+.Ic $(< foo)
+is evaluated if and only if the file
+.Pa foo
+exists and is readable.
+.El
+.El
+.Ss Quoting
 Quoting is used to prevent the shell from treating characters or words
-specially.
-There are three methods of quoting: First, \fB\e\fP quotes
-the following character, unless it is at the end of a line, in which
-case both the \fB\e\fP and the newline are stripped.
-Second, a single quote (\fB'\fP) quotes everything up to the next single
-quote (this may span lines).
-Third, a double quote (\fB"\fP) quotes all characters,
-except \fB$\fP, \fB`\fP and \fB\e\fP, up to the next unquoted double quote.
-\fB$\fP and \fB`\fP inside double quotes have their usual meaning (\fIi.e.\fP,
-parameter, command or arithmetic substitution) except no field splitting
-is carried out on the results of double-quoted substitutions.
-If a \fB\e\fP inside a double-quoted string is followed by \fB\e\fP, \fB$\fP,
-\fB`\fP or \fB"\fP, it is replaced by the second character; if it is
-followed by a newline, both the \fB\e\fP and the newline are stripped;
-otherwise, both the \fB\e\fP and the character following are unchanged.
-.PP
-Note: see POSIX Mode below for a special rule regarding sequences
-of the form \fB"\fP...\fB`\fP...\fB\e"\fP...\fB`\fP..\fB"\fP.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  Aliases
-.SS "Aliases"
-There are two types of aliases: normal command aliases and tracked
-aliases.  Command aliases are normally used as a short hand for a long
-or often used command.  The shell expands command aliases (\fIi.e.\fP,
-substitutes the alias name for its value) when it reads the first word
-of a command.  An expanded alias is re-processed to check for more
-aliases.  If a command alias ends in a space or tab, the following word
-is also checked for alias expansion.  The alias expansion process stops
-when a word that is not an alias is found, when a quoted word is found
-or when an alias word that is currently being expanded is found.
-.PP
+specially. There are three methods of quoting. First,
+.Dq \e
+quotes the following character, unless it is at the end of a line, in which
+case both the
+.Dq \e
+and the newline are stripped. Second, a single quote
+.Pq Sq '
+quotes everything up to the next single quote (this may span lines). Third,
+a double quote
+.Pq Sq \&"
+quotes all characters, except
+.Dq \&$ ,
+.Dq \&`
+and
+.Dq \e ,
+up to the next unquoted double quote.
+.Dq $
+and
+.Dq `
+inside double quotes have their usual meaning (i.e., parameter, command or
+arithmetic substitution) except no field splitting is carried out on the
+results of double-quoted substitutions. If a
+.Dq \e
+inside a double-quoted string is followed by
+.Dq \e ,
+.Dq $ ,
+.Dq ` ,
+or
+.Dq \&" ,
+it is replaced by the second character; if it is followed by a newline, both
+the
+.Dq \e
+and the newline are stripped; otherwise, both the
+.Dq \e
+and the character following are unchanged.
+.Pp
+NOTE: See
+.Sx POSIX mode
+below for a special rule regarding sequences of the form
+.Ic \&"...`...\e\&"...`..\&" .
+.Ss Aliases
+There are two types of aliases: normal command aliases and tracked aliases.
+Command aliases are normally used as a short hand for a long or often used
+command. The shell expands command aliases (i.e., substitutes the alias name
+for its value) when it reads the first word of a command. An expanded alias
+is re-processed to check for more aliases. If a command alias ends in a
+space or tab, the following word is also checked for alias expansion. The
+alias expansion process stops when a word that is not an alias is found, when
+a quoted word is found or when an alias word that iscurrently being expanded
+is found.
+.Pp
 The following command aliases are defined automatically by the shell:
-.ft B
-.RS
-autoload='typeset \-fu'
-.br
-functions='typeset \-f'
-.br
-hash='alias \-t'
-.br
-history='fc \-l'
-.br
-integer='typeset \-i'
-.br
-local='typeset'
-.br
-login='exec login'
-.br
-newgrp='exec newgrp'
-.br
-nohup='nohup '
-.br
-r='fc \-e \-'
-.br
-stop='kill \-STOP'
-.br
-suspend='kill \-STOP $$'
-.br
-type='whence \-v'
-.RE
-.ft P
-.PP
+.Pp
+.Bl -item -offset indent -compact
+.It
+.Ic autoload='typeset -fu'
+.It 
+.Ic functions='typeset -f'
+.It
+.Ic hash='alias -t'
+.It
+.Ic history='fc -l'
+.It
+.Ic integer='typeset -i'
+.It
+.Ic local='typeset'
+.It
+.Ic login='exec login'
+.It
+.Ic newgrp='exec newgrp'
+.It
+.Ic nohup='nohup '
+.It
+.Ic r='fc -e -'
+.It
+.Ic stop='kill -STOP'
+.It
+.Ic suspend='kill -STOP $$'
+.It
+.Ic type='whence -v'
+.El
+.Pp
 Tracked aliases allow the shell to remember where it found a particular
-command.  The first time the shell does a path search for a command that
-is marked as a tracked alias, it saves the full path of the command.
-The next time the command is executed, the shell checks the saved path
-to see that it is still valid, and if so, avoids repeating the path
-search.  Tracked aliases can be listed and created using \fBalias
-\-t\fP.  Note that changing the \fBPATH\fP parameter clears the saved
-paths for all tracked aliases.  If the \fBtrackall\fP option is set (\fIi.e.\fP,
-\fBset \-o trackall\fP or \fBset \-h\fP), the shell tracks all
-commands.  This option is set automatically for non-interactive shells.
-For interactive shells, only the following commands are automatically
-tracked: \fBcat\fP, \fBcc\fP, \fBchmod\fP, \fBcp\fP, \fBdate\fP, \fBed\fP,
-\fBemacs\fP, \fBgrep\fP, \fBls\fP, \fBmail\fP, \fBmake\fP, \fBmv\fP,
-\fBpr\fP, \fBrm\fP, \fBsed\fP, \fBsh\fP, \fBvi\fP and \fBwho\fP.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  Substitution
-.SS "Substitution"
-The first step the shell takes in executing a simple-command is to
-perform substitutions on the words of the command.
-There are three kinds of substitution: parameter, command and arithmetic.
-Parameter substitutions, which are described in detail in the next section,
-take the form \fB$name\fP or \fB${\fP...\fB}\fP; command substitutions take
-the form \fB$(\fP\fIcommand\fP\fB)\fP or \fB`\fP\fIcommand\fP\fB`\fP;
-and arithmetic substitutions take the form \fB$((\fP\fIexpression\fP\fB))\fP.
-.PP
+command. The first time the shell does a path search for a command that is
+marked as a tracked alias, it saves the full path of the command. The next
+time the command is executed, the shell checks the saved path to see that it
+is still valid, and if so, avoids repeating the path search. Tracked aliases
+can be listed and created using
+.Ic alias -t .
+Note that changing the
+.Ev PATH
+parameter clears the saved paths for all tracked aliases. If the
+.Ic trackall
+option is set (i.e.,
+.Ic set Fl o Ic trackall
+or
+.Ic set Fl h ) ,
+the shell tracks all commands. This option is set automatically for
+non-interactive shells. For interactive shells, only the following commands are
+automatically tracked:
+.Ic cat , cc , chmod , cp ,
+.Ic date , ed , emacs , grep ,
+.Ic ls , mail , make , mv ,
+.Ic pr , rm , sed , sh ,
+.Ic vi ,
+and
+.Ic who .
+.Ss Substitution
+The first step the shell takes in executing a simple-command is to perform
+substitutions on the words of the command. There are three kinds of
+substitution: parameter, command and arithmetic. Parameter substitutions,
+which are described in detail in the next section, take the form
+.Ic $name
+or
+.Ic ${...} ;
+command substitutions take the form
+.Ic $( Ns Ar command Ns Ic )
+or
+.Ic ` Ns Ar command Ns Ic ` ;
+and arithmetic substitutions take the form
+.Ic $(( Ns Ar expression Ns Ic )) .
+.Pp
 If a substitution appears outside of double quotes, the results of the
 substitution are generally subject to word or field splitting according to
-the current value of the \fBIFS\fP parameter.
-The \fBIFS\fP parameter specifies a list of characters which 
-are used to break a string up into several words;
-any characters from the set space, tab and newline that appear in the
-IFS characters are called \fIIFS white space\fP.
-Sequences of one or more IFS white space characters, in combination with
-zero or one non-IFS white space characters delimit a field.
-As a special case, leading and trailing IFS white space is stripped (\fIi.e.\fP,
-no leading or trailing empty field is created by it); leading or trailing
-non-IFS white space does create an empty field.
-Example: if \fBIFS\fP is set to `<space>:', the sequence of characters
-`<space>A<space>:<space><space>B::D' contains four fields: `A', `B', `' and `D'.
-Note that if the \fBIFS\fP parameter is set to the null string, no
-field splitting is done; if the parameter is unset, the default value
-of space, tab and newline is used.
-.PP
-The results of substitution are, unless otherwise specified, also subject
-to brace expansion and file name expansion (see the relevant sections
-below).
-.PP
+the current value of the
+.Ev IFS
+parameter. The
+.Ev IFS
+parameter specifies a list of characters which are used to break a string up
+into several words; any characters from the set space, tab and newline that
+appear in the
+.Ev IFS
+characters are called
+.Dq IFS whitespace .
+Sequences of one or more
+.Ev IFS
+whitespace characters, in combination with zero or none non-IFS whitespace
+characters delimit a field. As a special case, leading and trailing
+.Ev IFS
+whitespace is stripped (i.e., no leading or trailing empty field is created by
+it); leading or trailing non-IFS whitespace does create an empty field.
+Example: If
+.Ev IFS
+is set to
+.Dq <space>: ,
+the sequence of characters
+.Dq <space>A<space>:<space><space>B::D
+contains four fields:
+.Dq A ,
+.Dq B ,
+.Dq ,
+and
+.Dq D .
+Note that if the
+.Ev IFS
+parameter is set to the
+.Dv NULL
+string, no field splitting is done; if the parameter is unset, the default
+value of space, tab and newline is used.
+.Pp
+The results of substitution are, unless otherwise specified, also subject to
+brace expansion and file name expansion (see the relevant sections below).
+.Pp
 A command substitution is replaced by the output generated by the specified
-command, which is run in a subshell.
-For \fB$(\fP\fIcommand\fP\fB)\fP substitutions, normal quoting rules
-are used when \fIcommand\fP is parsed, however, for the
-\fB`\fP\fIcommand\fP\fB`\fP form, a \fB\e\fP followed by any of
-\fB$\fP, \fB`\fP or \fB\e\fP is stripped (a \fB\e\fP followed by any other
-character is unchanged).
-As a special case in command substitutions, a command of the form
-\fB<\fP \fIfile\fP is interpreted to mean substitute the contents
-of \fIfile\fP ($(< foo) has the same effect as $(cat foo), but it
-is carried out more efficiently because no process is started).
-.br
-.\"todo: fix this( $(..) parenthesis counting).
-NOTE: \fB$(\fP\fIcommand\fP\fB)\fP expressions are currently parsed by
-finding the matching parenthesis, regardless of quoting.  This will hopefully
-be fixed soon.
-.PP
-Arithmetic substitutions are replaced by the value of the specified
-expression.
-For example, the command \fBecho $((2+3*4))\fP prints 14.
-See Arithmetic Expressions for a description of an \fIexpression\fP.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  Parameters
-.SS "Parameters"
-Parameters are shell variables; they can be assigned values and
-their values can be accessed using a parameter substitution.
-A parameter name is either one of the special single punctuation or digit
-character parameters described below, or a letter followed by zero or more
-letters or digits (`_' counts as a letter).
-Parameter substitutions take the form \fB$\fP\fIname\fP or
-\fB${\fP\fIname\fP\fB}\fP, where \fIname\fP is a parameter name.
-If substitution is performed on a parameter that is not set, a null
-string is substituted unless the \fBnounset\fP option (\fBset \-o nounset\fP
-or \fBset \-u\fP) is set, in which case an error occurs.
-.PP
-.\"{{{  parameter assignment
-Parameters can be assigned values in a number of ways.
-First, the shell implicitly sets some parameters like \fB#\fP, \fBPWD\fP,
-etc.; this is the only way the special single character parameters are
-set.
-Second, parameters are imported from the shell's environment at startup.
-Third, parameters can be assigned values on the command line, for example,
-`\fBFOO=bar\fP' sets the parameter FOO to bar; multiple parameter
-assignments can be given on a single command line and they can
-be followed by a simple-command, in which case the assignments are
-in effect only for the duration of the command (such assignments are
-also exported, see below for implications of this).
-Note that both the parameter name and the \fB=\fP must be unquoted for
-the shell to recognize a parameter assignment.
-The fourth way of setting a parameter is with the \fBexport\fP, \fBreadonly\fP
-and \fBtypeset\fP commands; see their descriptions in the Command Execution
-section.
-Fifth, \fBfor\fP and \fBselect\fP loops set parameters as well as
-the \fBgetopts\fP, \fBread\fP and \fBset \-A\fP commands.
-Lastly, parameters can be assigned values using assignment operators
-inside arithmetic expressions (see Arithmetic Expressions below) or
-using the \fB${\fP\fIname\fP\fB=\fP\fIvalue\fP\fB}\fP form
-of parameter substitution (see below).
-.\"}}}
-.PP
-.\"{{{  environment
-Parameters with the export attribute (set using the \fBexport\fP or
-\fBtypeset \-x\fP commands, or by parameter assignments followed by simple
-commands) are put in the environment (see \fIenviron\fP(5)) of commands
-run by the shell as \fIname\fP\fB=\fP\fIvalue\fP pairs.
-The order in which parameters appear in the environment of a command
-is unspecified.
-When the shell starts up, it extracts parameters and their values from its
-environment and automatically sets the export attribute for those parameters.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  ${name[:][-+=?]word}
-.PP
-Modifiers can be applied to the \fB${\fP\fIname\fP\fB}\fP form of parameter
-substitution:
-.IP \fB${\fP\fIname\fP\fB:-\fP\fIword\fP\fB}\fP
-if \fIname\fP is set and not null, it is substituted, otherwise \fIword\fP is
-substituted.
-.IP \fB${\fP\fIname\fP\fB:+\fP\fIword\fP\fB}\fP
-if \fIname\fP is set and not null, \fIword\fP is substituted, otherwise nothing is substituted.
-.IP \fB${\fP\fIname\fP\fB:=\fP\fIword\fP\fB}\fP
-if \fIname\fP is set and not null, it is substituted, otherwise it is
-assigned \fIword\fP and the resulting value of \fIname\fP is substituted.
-.IP \fB${\fP\fIname\fP\fB:?\fP\fIword\fP\fB}\fP
-if \fIname\fP is set and not null, it is substituted, otherwise \fIword\fP
-is printed on standard error (preceded by \fIname\fP:) and an error occurs
-(normally causing termination of a shell script, function or \&.-script).
-If word is omitted the string `parameter null or not set' is used instead.
-.PP
-In the above modifiers, the \fB:\fP can be omitted, in which case the
-conditions only depend on \fIname\fP being set (as opposed to set and
-not null).
-If \fIword\fP is needed, parameter, command, arithmetic and tilde substitution
-are performed on it; if \fIword\fP is not needed, it is not evaluated.
-.\"}}}
-.PP
+command, which is run in a subshell. For
+.Ic $( Ns Ar command Ns Ic )
+substitutions, normal quoting rules are used when
+.Ar command
+is parsed, however, for the
+.Ic ` Ns Ar command Ns Ic `
+form, a
+.Dq \e
+followed by any of
+.Dq $ ,
+.Dq ` ,
+or
+.Dq \e
+is stripped (a
+.Dq \e
+followed by any other character is unchanged). As a special case in command
+substitutions, a command of the form
+.Ic \&< Ar file
+is interpreted to mean substitute the contents of
+.Ar file
+(note that
+.Ic $(< foo)
+has the same effect as
+.Ic $(cat foo) ,
+but it is carried out more efficiently because no process is started).
+.Pp
+NOTE:
+.Ic $( Ns Ar command Ns Ic \&)
+expressions are currently parsed by finding the matching parenthesis,
+regardless of quoting. This will hopefully be fixed soon.
+.Pp
+Arithmetic substitutions are replaced by the value of the specified expression.
+For example, the command
+.Ic echo $((2+3*4))
+prints 14. See
+.Sx Arithmetic expressions
+for a description of an expression.
+.Ss Parameters
+Parameters are shell variables; they can be assigned values and their values
+can be accessed using a parameter substitution. A parameter name is either one
+of the special single punctuation or digit character parameters described
+below, or a letter followed by zero or more letters or digits
+.Po
+.Dq _
+counts as a letter
+.Pc .
+Parameter substitutions take the form
+.Ic $ Ns Ar name
+or
+.Ic ${ Ns Ar name Ns Ic \&} ,
+where
+.Ar name
+is a parameter name. If substitution is performed on a parameter that is not
+set, a
+.Dv NULL
+string is substituted unless the
+.Ic nounset
+option
+.Po
+.Ic set Fl o Ic nounset
+or
+.Ic set Fl u
+.Pc
+is set, in which case an error occurs.
+.Pp
+Parameters can be assigned valued in a number of ways. First, the shell
+implicitly sets some parameters like
+.Ic # , PWD ,
+etc.; this is the only way the special single character parameters are set.
+Second, parameters are imported from the shell's environment at startup. Third,
+parameters can be assigned values on the command line, for example,
+.Ic FOO=bar
+sets the parameter
+.Ev FOO
+to
+.Dq bar ;
+multiple parameter assignments can be given on a single command line and they
+can be followed by a simple-command, in which case the assignments are in
+effect only for the duration of the command (such assignments are also
+exported, see below for implications of this). Note that both the parameter
+name and the
+.Dq =
+must be unquoted for the shell to recognize a parameter assignment. The fourth
+way of setting a parameter is with the
+.Ic export ,
+.Ic readonly
+and
+.Ic typeset
+commands; see their descriptions in the
+.Sx Command execution
+section. Fifth,
+.Ic for
+and
+.Ic select
+loops set parameters as well as the
+.Ic getopts ,
+.Ic read
+and
+.Ic set Fl A
+commands. Lastly, parameters can be assigned values using assignment operators
+inside arithmetic expressions (see
+.Sx Arithmetic expressions
+below) or using the
+.Xo Ic ${ Ns Ar name Ns No =
+.Ns Ar value Ns Ic \&}
+.Xc
+form of the parameter substitution (see below).
+.Pp
+Parameters with the export attribute (set using the
+.Ic export
+or
+.Ic typeset Fl x
+commands, or by parameter assignments followed by simple commands) are put in
+the environment (see
+.Xr environ 5 )
+of commands run by the shell as
+.Ar name Ns No = Ns Ar value
+pairs. The order in which parameters appear in the environment of a command is
+unspecified. When the shell starts up, it extracts parameters and their values
+from its environment and automatically sets the export attribute for those
+parameters.
+.Pp
+Modifiers can be applied to the
+.Ic ${ Ns Ar name Ns Ic \&}
+form of parameter substitution:
+.Bl -tag -width Ds
+.It Xo Ic ${ Ns Ar name Ns
+.Ic \&:\&- Ns Ar word Ns Ic \&}
+.Xc
+If
+.Ar name
+is set and not
+.Dv NULL ,
+it is substituted, otherwise
+.Ar word
+is substituted.
+.It Xo Ic ${ Ns Ar name Ns
+.Ic \&:\&+ Ns Ar word Ns Ic \&}
+.Xc
+If
+.Ar name
+is set and not
+.Dv NULL ,
+.Ar word
+is substituted, otherwise nothing is substituted.
+.It Xo Ic ${ Ns Ar name Ns
+.Ic \&:\&= Ns Ar word Ns Ic \&}
+.Xc
+If
+.Ar name
+is set and not
+.Dv NULL ,
+it is substituted, otherwise it is assigned
+.Ar word
+and the resulting value of
+.Ar name
+is substituted.
+.It Xo Ic ${ Ns Ar name Ns
+.Ic \&:\&? Ns Ar word Ns Ic \&}
+.Xc
+If
+.Ar name
+is set and not
+.Dv NULL ,
+it is substituted, otherwise
+.Ar word
+is printed on standard error (preceded by
+.Ar name Ns No \&: )
+and an error occurs (normally causing termination of a shell script, function
+or .-script). If word is omitted the string
+.Dq parameter null or not set
+is used instead.
+.El
+.Pp
+In the above modifiers, the
+.Dq \&:
+can be omitted, in which case the conditions only depand on
+.Ar name
+being set (as opposed to set and not
+.Dv NULL ) .
+If
+.Ar word
+is needed, parameter, command, arithmetic, and tilde substitution are performed
+on it; if
+.Ar word
+is not needed, it is not evaluated.
+.Pp
 The following forms of parameter substitution can also be used:
-.\"{{{  ${#name}
-.IP \fB${#\fP\fIname\fP\fB}\fP
-The number of positional parameters if \fIname\fP is \fB*\fP, \fB@\fP or
-is not specified,
-or the length of the string value of parameter \fIname\fP.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  ${#name[*]}, ${#name[@]}
-.IP "\fB${#\fP\fIname\fP\fB[*]}\fP, \fB${#\fP\fIname\fP\fB[@]}\fP"
-The number of elements in the array \fIname\fP.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  ${name#pattern}, ${name##pattern}
-.IP "\fB${\fP\fIname\fP\fB#\fP\fIpattern\fP\fB}\fP, \fB${\fP\fIname\fP\fB##\fP\fIpattern\fP\fB}\fP"
-If \fIpattern\fP matches the beginning of the value of parameter \fIname\fP,
-the matched text is deleted from the result of substitution.  A single
-\fB#\fP results in the shortest match, two \fB#\fP's results in the
-longest match.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  ${name%pattern}, ${name%%pattern}
-.IP "\fB${\fP\fIname\fP\fB%\fP\fIpattern\fP\fB}\fP, \fB${\fP\fIname\fP\fB%%\fP\fIpattern\fP\fB}\fP"
-Like \fB${\fP..\fB#\fP..\fB}\fP substitution, but it deletes from the end of the
-value.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  special shell parameters
-.PP
+.Bl -tag -width Ds
+.It Ic ${# Ns Ar name Ns Ic \&}
+The number of positional parameters if
+.Ar name
+is
+.Dq \&* ,
+.Dq \&@ ,
+not specified, or the length of the string value of parameter
+.Ar name .
+.It Xo Ic ${# Ns Ar name Ns
+.Ic \&[\&*\&]\&} , ${# Ns Ar name Ns Ic \&[\&@\&]\&}
+.Xc
+The number of elements in the array
+.Ar name .
+.Sm off
+.It Xo
+.Ic ${ Ar name Ic \&# Ar pattern Ic \&},\ \&
+.Ic ${ Ar name Ic \&#\&# Ar pattern Ic \&}
+.Xc
+.Sm on
+If
+.Ar pattern
+matches the beginning of the value of parameter
+.Ar name ,
+the matched text is deleted from the result of substitution. A single
+.Dq \&#
+results in the shortest match, two
+of them results in the longest match.
+.Sm off
+.It Xo
+.Ic ${ Ar name Ic \&% Ar pattern Ic \&},\ \&
+.Ic ${ Ar name Ic \&%\&% Ar pattern Ic \&}
+.Xc
+.Sm on
+Like
+.Ic ${..#..}
+substitution, but it deletes from the end of the value.
+.El
+.Pp
 The following special parameters are implicitly set by the shell and cannot be
 set directly using assignments:
-.\"{{{  !
-.IP \fB!\fP
-Process id of the last background process started.  If no background
-processes have been started, the parameter is not set.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  #
-.IP \fB#\fP
-The number of positional parameters (\fIi.e.\fP, \fB$1\fP, \fB$2\fP,
-\fIetc.\fP).
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  $
-.IP \fB$\fP
-The process ID of the shell, or the PID of the original shell if
-it is a subshell.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  -
-.IP \fB\-\fP
-The concatenation of the current single letter options
-(see \fBset\fP command below for list of options).
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  ?
-.IP \fB?\fP
-The exit status of the last non-asynchronous command executed.
-If the last command was killed by a signal, \fB$?\fP is set to 128 plus
-the signal number.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  0
-.IP "\fB0\fP"
-The name the shell was invoked with (\fIi.e.\fP, \fBargv[0]\fP), or the
-\fBcommand-name\fP if it was invoked with the \fB\-c\fP option and the
-\fBcommand-name\fP was supplied, or the \fIfile\fP argument, if it was
-supplied.
-If the \fBposix\fP option is not set, \fB$0\fP is the name of the current
-function or script.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  1-9
-.IP "\fB1\fP ... \fB9\fP"
-The first nine positional parameters that were supplied to the shell,
-function or \fB.\fP-script.
-Further positional parameters may be accessed using
-\fB${\fP\fInumber\fP\fB}\fP.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  *
-.IP \fB*\fP
-All positional parameters (except parameter 0), 
-\fIi.e.\fP, \fB$1 $2 $3\fP....
-If used outside of double quotes, parameters are separate words
-(which are subjected to word splitting); if used within double quotes,
-parameters are separated by the first character of the \fBIFS\fP parameter
-(or the empty string if \fBIFS\fP is null).
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  @
-.IP \fB@\fP
-Same as \fB$*\fP, unless it is used inside double quotes, in which case
-a separate word is generated for each positional parameter \- if there
-are no positional parameters, no word is generated ("$@" can be used
-to access arguments, verbatim, without loosing null arguments or
-splitting arguments with spaces).
-.\"}}}
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  general shell parameters
-.PP
+.Bl -tag -width "1 ... 9"
+.It Ev \&!
+Process ID of the last background process started. If no background processes
+have been started, the parameter is not set.
+.It Ev \&#
+The number of positional parameters (i.e., $1, $2, etc.).
+.It Ev \&$
+The process ID of the shell, or the PID of the original shell if it is a
+subshell.
+.It Ev \&-
+The concatenation of the current single letter options (see
+.Ic set
+command below for list of options).
+.It Ev \&?
+The exit status of the last non-asynchronous command executed. If the last
+command was killed by a signal,
+.Ic \&$\&?
+is set to 128 plus the signal number.
+.It Ev 0
+The name the shell was invoked with (i.e.,
+.Ic argv[0] ) ,
+or the
+.Ar command-name
+if it was invoked with the
+.Fl c
+option and the
+.Ar command-name
+was supplied, or the
+.Ar file
+argument, if it was supplied. If the
+.Ic posix
+option is not set,
+.Ic \&$0
+is the name of the current function or script.
+.It Ev 1 ... Ev 9
+The first nine positional parameters that were supplied to the shell, function
+or .-script. Further positional parameters may be accessed using
+.Ic ${ Ns Ar number Ns Ic \&} .
+.It Ev \&*
+All positional parameters (except parameter 0), i.e., $1, $2, $3... If used
+outside of double quotes, parameters are separate words (which are subjected
+to word splitting); if used within double quotes, parameters are separated
+by the first character of the
+.Ev IFS
+parameter (or the empty string if
+.Ev IFS
+is
+.Dv NULL ) .
+.It Ev \&@
+Same as
+.Ic \&$\&* ,
+unless it is used inside double quotes, in which case a separate word is
+generated for each positional parameter. If there are no positional parameters,
+no word is generated.
+.Ic \&$\&@
+can be used to access arguments, verbatim, without losing
+.Dv NULL
+arguments or splitting arguments with spaces.
+.El
+.Pp
 The following parameters are set and/or used by the shell:
-.\"{{{  _
-.IP "\fB_\fP \fI(underscore)\fP"
-When an external command is executed by the shell, this parameter is
-set in the environment of the new process to the path of the executed
-command.
-In interactive use, this parameter is also set in the parent shell to
-the last word of the previous command.
-When \fBMAILPATH\fP messages are evaluated, this parameter contains
-the name of the file that changed (see \fBMAILPATH\fP parameter below).
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  CDPATH
-.IP \fBCDPATH\fP
-Search path for the \fBcd\fP built-in command.  Works the same way as
-\fBPATH\fP for those directories not beginning with \fB/\fP in \fBcd\fP
-commands.
-Note that if CDPATH is set and does not contain \fB.\fP nor an empty path,
-the current directory is not searched.   Also, the \fBcd\fP built-in command
-will display the resulting directory when a match is found in any search path
-other than the than the empty path.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  COLUMNS
-.IP \fBCOLUMNS\fP
-Set to the number of columns on the terminal or window.
-Currently set to the \fBcols\fP value as reported by \fIstty\fP(1) if that
-value is non-zero.
-This parameter is used by the interactive line editing modes, and by
-\fBselect\fP, \fBset \-o\fP and \fBkill \-l\fP commands
-to format information in columns.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  EDITOR
-.IP \fBEDITOR\fP
-If the \fBVISUAL\fP parameter is not set, this parameter controls the
-command line editing mode for interactive shells.
-See \fBVISUAL\fP parameter below for how this works.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  ENV
-.IP \fBENV\fP
-If this parameter is found to be set after any profile files are
-executed, the expanded value is used as a shell start-up file.  It
-typically contains function and alias definitions.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  ERRNO
-.IP \fBERRNO\fP
-Integer value of the shell's errno variable \(em indicates the reason
-the last system call failed.
-.\" todo: ERRNO variable
-.sp
-Not implemented yet.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  EXECSHELL
-.IP \fBEXECSHELL\fP
-If set, this parameter is assumed to contain the shell that is to be
-used to execute commands that \fIexecve\fP(2) fails to execute and
-which do not start with a `\fB#!\fP \fIshell\fP' sequence.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  FCEDIT
-.IP \fBFCEDIT\fP
-The editor used by the \fBfc\fP command (see below).
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  FPATH
-.IP \fBFPATH\fP
-Like \fBPATH\fP, but used when an undefined function is executed to locate
-the file defining the function.
-It is also searched when a command can't be found using \fBPATH\fP.
-See Functions below for more information.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  HISTFILE
-.IP \fBHISTFILE\fP
-The name of the file used to store history.
-When assigned to, history is loaded from the specified file.
-Also, several invocations of the
-shell running on the same machine will share history if their
-\fBHISTFILE\fP parameters all point at the same file.
-.br
-NOTE: if HISTFILE isn't set, no history file is used.  This is
-different from the original Korn shell, which uses \fB$HOME/.sh_history\fP;
-in future, pdksh may also use a default history file.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  HISTSIZE
-.IP \fBHISTSIZE\fP
-The number of commands normally stored for history, default 128.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  HOME
-.IP \fBHOME\fP
-The default directory for the \fBcd\fP command and the value
-substituted for an unqualified \fB~\fP (see Tilde Expansion below).
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  IFS
-.IP \fBIFS\fP
-Internal field separator, used during substitution and by the \fBread\fP
-command, to split values into distinct arguments; normally set to
-space, tab and newline.  See Substitution above for details.
-.br
-\fBNote:\fP this parameter is not imported from the environment
-when the shell is started.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  KSH_VERSION
-.IP \fBKSH_VERSION\fP
-The version of shell and the date the version was created (readonly).
-See also the version commands in Emacs Interactive Input Line Editing
-and Vi Interactive Input Line Editing, below.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  SH_VERSION
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  LINENO
-.IP \fBLINENO\fP
+.Bl -tag -width "EXECSHELL"
+.It Ev \&_ No (underscore)
+When an external command is executed by the shell, this parameter is set in the
+environment of the new process to the path of the executed command. In
+interactive use, this parameter is also set in the parent shell to the last
+word of the previous command. When
+.Ev MAILPATH
+messages are evaluated, this parameter contains the name of the file that
+changed (see
+.Ev MAILPATH
+parameter below).
+.It Ev CDPATH
+Search path for the
+.Ic cd
+built-in command. Works the same way as
+.Ev PATH
+for those directories not beginning with
+.Dq \&/
+in
+.Ic cd
+commands. Note that if
+.Ev CDPATH
+is set and does not contain
+.Dq \&.
+or contains an empty path, the current directory is not searched. Also, the
+.Ic cd
+built-in command will display the resulting directory when a match is found
+in any search path other than the empty path.
+.It Ev COLUMNS
+Set to the number of columns on the terminal or window. Currently set to the
+.Dq cols
+value as reported by
+.Xr stty 1
+if that value is non-zero. This parameter is used by the interactive line
+editing modes, and by
+.Ic select ,
+.Ic set Fl o
+and
+.Ic kill -l
+commands to format information columns.
+.It Ev EDITOR
+If the
+.Ev VISUAL
+parameter is not set, this parameter controls the command line editing mode for
+interactive shells. See
+.Ev VISUAL
+parameter below for how this works.
+.It Ev ENV
+If this parameter is found to be set after any profile files are executed, the
+expanded value is used as a shell startup file. It typically contains function
+and alias definitions.
+.It Ev ERRNO
+Integer value of the shell's
+.Va errno
+variable. It indicates the reason the last system call failed. Not yet
+implemented.
+.It Ev EXECSHELL
+If set, this parameter is assumed to contain the shell that is to be used to
+execute commands that
+.Fn execve 2
+fails to execute and which do not start with a
+.Dq \&#\&! Ns Ar shell
+sequence.
+.It Ev FCEDIT
+The editor used by the
+.Ic fc
+command (see below).
+.It Ev FPATH
+Like
+.Ev PATH ,
+but used when an undefined function is executed to locate the file defining the
+function. It is also searched when a command can't be found using
+.Ev PATH .
+See
+.Sx Functions
+below for more information.
+.It Ev HISTFILE
+The name of the file used to store command history. When assigned to, history
+is loaded from the specified file. Also, several invocations of the shell
+running on the same machine will share history if their
+.Ev HISTFILE
+parameters all point to the same file.
+.Pp
+NOTE: If
+.Ev HISTFILE
+isn't set, no history file is used. This is different from the original Korn
+shell, which uses
+.Pa $HOME/.sh_history ;
+in future,
+.Nm pdksh
+may also use a default history file.
+.It Ev HISTSIZE
+The number of commands normally stored for history. The default is 128.
+.It Ev HOME
+The default directory for the
+.Ic cd
+command and the value substituted for an unqualified
+.Ic ~
+(see
+.Sx Tilde expansion
+below).
+.It Ev IFS
+Internal field separator, used during substitution and by the
+.Ic read
+command, to split values into distinct arguments; normally set to space, tab
+and newline. See
+.Sx Substitution
+above for details.
+.Pp
+NOTE: This parameter is not imported from the environment when the shell is
+started.
+.It Ev KSH_VERSION
+The version of the shell and the date the version was created (read-only).
+See also the version commands in
+.Sx Emacs interactive input line editing
+and
+.Sx Vi interactive input line editing ,
+below.
+.It Ev LINENO
 The line number of the function or shell script that is currently being
-executed.
-.\" todo: LINENO variable
-.sp
-Not implemented yet.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  LINES
-.IP \fBLINES\fP
-Set to the number of lines on the terminal or window.
-.\"Currently set to the \fBrows\fP value as reported by \fIstty\fP(1) if that
-.\"value is non-zero.
-.\" todo: LINES variable
-.sp
-Not implemented yet.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  MAIL
-.IP \fBMAIL\fP
-If set, the user will be informed of the arrival of mail in the named
-file.  This parameter is ignored if the \fBMAILPATH\fP parameter is set.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  MAILCHECK
-.IP \fBMAILCHECK\fP
-How often, in seconds, the shell will check for mail in the file(s)
-specified by \fBMAIL\fP or \fBMAILPATH\fP.  If 0, the shell checks
-before each prompt.  The default is 600 (10 minutes).
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  MAILPATH
-.IP \fBMAILPATH\fP
-A list of files to be checked for mail.  The list is colon separated,
-and each file may be followed by a \fB?\fP and a message to be printed
-if new mail has arrived.  Command, parameter and arithmetic substitution is
-performed on the message, and, during substitution, the parameter \fB$_\fP
-contains the name of the file.
-The default message is \fByou have mail in $_\fP.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  OLDPWD
-.IP \fBOLDPWD\fP
-The previous working directory.
-Unset if \fBcd\fP has not successfully changed directories since the
-shell started, or if the shell doesn't know where it is.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  OPTARG
-.IP \fBOPTARG\fP
-When using \fBgetopts\fP, it contains the argument for a parsed option,
-if it requires one.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  OPTIND
-.IP \fBOPTIND\fP
-The index of the last argument processed when using \fBgetopts\fP.
-Assigning 1 to this parameter causes \fBgetopts\fP to
-process arguments from the beginning the next time it is invoked.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  PATH
-.IP \fBPATH\fP
-A colon separated list of directories that are searched when looking
-for commands and \fB.\fP'd files.
-An empty string resulting from a leading or trailing colon, or two adjacent
-colons is treated as a `.', the current directory.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  POSIXLY_CORRECT
-.IP \fBPOSIXLY_CORRECT\fP
-If set, this parameter causes the \fBposix\fP option to be enabled.
-See POSIX Mode below.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  PPID
-.IP \fBPPID\fP
-The process ID of the shell's parent (readonly).
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  PS1
-.IP \fBPS1\fP
-\fBPS1\fP is the primary prompt for interactive shells.
-Parameter, command and arithmetic substitutions are performed, and
-\fB!\fP is replaced with the current command number (see \fBfc\fP
-command below).  A literal ! can be put in the prompt by placing !! in PS1.
-Note that since the command line editors try to figure out how long the
-prompt is (so they know how far it is to edge of the screen),
-escape codes in the prompt tend to mess things up.
-You can tell the shell not to count certain sequences (such as escape codes)
-by prefixing your prompt with a non-printing character (such as control-A)
-followed by a carriage return and then delimiting the escape codes with
-this non-printing character.
-If you don't have any non-printing characters, you're out of luck...
-BTW, don't blame me for this hack; it's in the original ksh.
-Default is `\fB$\ \fP' for non-root users, `\fB#\ \fP' for root..
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  PS2
-.IP \fBPS2\fP
-Secondary prompt string, by default `\fB>\fP ', used when more input is
-needed to complete a command.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  PS3
-.IP \fBPS3\fP
-Prompt used by \fBselect\fP statement when reading a menu selection.
-Default is `\fB#?\ \fP'.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  PS4
-.IP \fBPS4\fP
-Used to prefix commands that are printed during execution tracing
-(see \fBset \-x\fP command below).
-Parameter, command and arithmetic substitutions are performed
-before it is printed.
-Default is `\fB+\ \fP'.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  PWD
-.IP \fBPWD\fP
-The current working directory.  Maybe unset or null if shell doesn't
-know where it is.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  RANDOM
-.IP \fBRANDOM\fP
-A simple random number generator.  Every time \fBRANDOM\fP is
-referenced, it is assigned the next number in a random number series.
-The point in the series can be set by assigning a number to
-\fBRANDOM\fP (see \fIrand\fP(3)).
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  REPLY
-.IP \fBREPLY\fP
-Default parameter for the \fBread\fP command if no names are given.
-Also used in \fBselect\fP loops to store the value that is read from
-standard input.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  SECONDS
-.IP \fBSECONDS\fP
+executed. Not yet implemented.
+.It Ev LINES
+Set to the number of lines on the terminal or window. Not yet implemented.
+.It Ev MAIL
+If set, the user will be informed of the arrival of mail in the named file.
+This parameter is ignored if the
+.Ev MAILPATH
+parameter is set.
+.It Ev MAILCHECK
+How often, in seconds, the shell will check for mail in the file(s) specified
+by
+.Ev MAIL
+or
+.Ev MAILPATH .
+If set to 0, the shell checks before each prompt. The default is 600 (10
+minutes).
+.It Ev MAILPATH
+A list of files to be checked for mail. The list is colon separated, and each
+file may be followed by a
+.Dq \&?
+and a message to be printed if new mail has arrived. Command, parameter and
+arithmetic substitution is performed on the message, and, during substitution,
+the parameter
+.Ev $_
+contains the name of the file. The default message is
+.Dq you have mail in $_ .
+.It Ev OLDPWD
+The previous working directory. Unset if
+.Ic cd
+has not successfully changed directories since the shell started, or if the
+shell doesn't know where it is.
+.It Ev OPTARG
+When using
+.Ic getopts ,
+it contains the argument for a parsed option, if it requires one.
+.It Ev OPTIND
+The index of the last argument processed when using
+.Ic getopts .
+Assigning 1 to this parameter causes
+.Ic getopts
+to process arguments from the beginning the next time it is invoked.
+.It Ev PATH
+A colon separated list of directories that are searched when looking for
+commands and .'d files. An empty string resulting from a leading or trailing
+colon, or two adjacent colons, is treated as a
+.Dq \&. ,
+the current directory.
+.It Ev POSIXLY_CORRECT
+If set, this parameter causes the
+.Ic posix
+option to be enabled. See
+.Sx POSIX mode
+below.
+.It Ev PPID
+The process ID of the shell's parent (read-only).
+.It Ev PS1
+The primary prompt for interactive shells. Parameter, command and arithmetic
+substitutions are performed, and
+.Dq \&!
+is replaced with the current command number (see
+.Ic fc
+command below). A literal
+.Dq \&!
+can be put in the prompt by placing
+.Dq \&!\&!
+in
+.Ev PS1 .
+Note that since the command line editors try to figure out how long the prompt
+is (so they know how far it is to the edge of the screen), escape codes in
+the prompt tend to mess things up. You can tell the shell not to count cetain
+sequences (such as escape codes) by prefixing your prompt with a non-printing
+character (such as control-A) followed by a carriage return and then delimiting
+the escape codes with this non-printing character. If you don't have any
+non-printing characters, you're out of luck. By the way, don't blame me for
+this hack; it's in the original
+.Xr ksh .
+Default is
+.Dq \&$\ \&
+for non-root users,
+.Dq \&#\ \&
+for root.
+.It Ev PS2
+Secondary prompt string, by default
+.Dq \&>\ \& ,
+used when more input is needed to complete a command.
+.It Ev PS3
+Prompt used by
+.Ic select
+statement when reading a menu selection. Default is
+.Dq \&#\&?\ \& .
+.It Ev PS4
+Used to prefix commands that are printed during execution tracing (see
+.Ic set Fl x
+command below). Parameter, command and arithmetic substitutions are performed
+before it is printed. Default is
+.Dq \&+\ \& .
+.It Ev PWD
+The current working directory. May be unset or
+.Dv NULL
+if the shell doesn't know where it is.
+.It Ev RANDOM
+A simple random number generator. Every time
+.Ev RANDOM
+is referenced, it is assigned the next number in a random number series. The
+point in the series can be set by assigning a number to
+.Ev RANDOM
+(see
+.Xr rand 3 ) .
+.It Ev REPLY
+Default parameter for the
+.Ic read
+command if no names are given. Also used in
+.Ic select
+loops to store the value that is read from standard input.
+.It Ev SECONDS
 The number of seconds since the shell started or, if the parameter has been
-assigned an integer value, the number of seconds since the assignment plus
-the value that was assigned.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  TMOUT
-.IP \fBTMOUT\fP
-If set to a positive integer in an interactive shell, it specifies
-the maximum number of seconds the shell will wait for input after
-printing the primary prompt (\fBPS1\fP).  If the time is exceeded, the
-shell exits.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  TMPDIR
-.IP \fBTMPDIR\fP
-The directory shell temporary files are created in.  If this parameter
-is not set, or does not contain the absolute path of a writable
-directory, temporary files are created in \fB/tmp\fP.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  VISUAL
-.IP \fBVISUAL\fP
-If set, this parameter controls the command line editing mode for
-interactive shells.  If the last component of the path specified in this
-parameter contains the string \fBvi\fP, \fBemacs\fP or \fBgmacs\fP, the
-vi, emacs or gmacs (Gosling emacs) editing mode is enabled, respectively.
-.\"}}}
-.\"}}}
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  Tilde Expansion
-.SS "Tilde Expansion"
-Tilde expansion, which is done in parallel with parameter substitution,
-is done on words starting with an unquoted \fB~\fP.  The characters
-following the tilde, up to the first \fB/\fP, if any, are assumed to be
-a login name.  If the login name is empty, \fB+\fP or \fB\-\fP, the
-value of the \fBHOME\fP, \fBPWD\fP, or \fBOLDPWD\fP parameter is
-substituted, respectively.  Otherwise, the password file is searched for
-the login name, and the tilde expression is substituted with the
-user's home directory.  If the login name is not found in the password
-file or if any quoting or parameter substitution occurs in the login name,
-no substitution is performed.
-.PP
-In parameter assignments (those preceding a simple-command or those
-occurring in the arguments of \fBalias\fP, \fBexport\fP, \fBreadonly\fP,
-and \fBtypeset\fP), tilde expansion is done after any unquoted colon
-(\fB:\fP), and login names are also delimited by colons.
-.PP
-The home directory of previously expanded login names are cached and
-re-used.  The \fBalias \-d\fP command may be used to list, change and
-add to this cache (\fIe.g.\fP, `alias \-d fac=/usr/local/facilities; cd
-~fac/bin').
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  Brace Expansion
-.SS "Brace Expansion (alternation)"
+assigned an integer value, the number of seconds since the assignment plus the
+value that was assigned.
+.It Ev TMOUT
+If set to a positive integer in an interactive shell, it specifies the maximum
+number of seconds the shell will wait for input after priting the primary
+prompt
+.Pq Ev PS1 .
+If the time is exceeded, the shell exits.
+.It Ev TMPDIR
+The directory shell temporary files are created in. If this parameter is not
+set, or does not contain the absolute path of a writable directory, temporary
+files are created in
+.Pa /tmp .
+.It Ev VISUAL
+If set, this parameter controls the command line editing mode for interactive
+shells. If the last component of the path specified in this parameter contains
+the string
+.Dq vi ,
+.Dq emacs
+or
+.Dq gmacs ,
+the
+.Xr vi ,
+.Xr emacs
+or
+.Xr gmacs
+(Gosling emacs) editing mode is enabled, respectively.
+.El
+.Ss Tilde expansion
+Tilde expansion, which is done in parallel with parameter substitution, is done
+on words starting with an unquoted
+.Dq ~ .
+The characters following the tilde, up to the first
+.Dq / ,
+if any, are assumed to be a login name. If the login name is empty,
+.Dq \&+
+or
+.Dq \&- ,
+the value of the
+.Ev HOME , PWD
+or
+.Ev OLDPWD
+parameter is substituted, respectively. Otherwise, the password file is
+searched for the login name, and the tilde expression is substituted with the
+user's home directory. If the login name is not found in the password file or
+if any quoting or parameter substitution occurs in the login name, no
+substitution is performed.
+.Pp
+In parameter assignments (those preceding a simple-command or those occurring
+in the arguments of
+.Ic alias ,
+.Ic export ,
+.Ic readonly ,
+and
+.Ic typeset ) ,
+tilde expansion is done after any unquoted colon
+.Pq Sq \&: ,
+and login names are also delimited by colons.
+The home directory of previously expanded login names are cached and re-used.
+The
+.Ic alias -d
+command may be used to list, change and add to this cache (e.g.,
+.Ic alias -d fac=/usr/local/facilities; cd ~fac/bin ) .
+.Ss Brace expansion (alteration)
 Brace expressions, which take the form
-.RS
-\fIprefix\fP\fB{\fP\fIstr\fP1\fB,\fP...\fB,\fP\fIstr\fPN\fB}\fP\fIsuffix\fP
-.RE
+.Pp
+.Sm off
+.D1 Xo Ar prefix Ic { Ar str No 1,...,
+.Ar str No N Ic } Ar suffix
+.Xc
+.Sm on
+.Pp
 are expanded to N words, each of which is the concatenation of
-\fIprefix\fP, \fIstr\fPi and \fIsuffix\fP
-(\fIe.g.\fP, `a{c,b{X,Y},d}e' expands to four word: ace, abXe, abYe, and ade).
+.Ar prefix ,
+.Ar str Ns i
+and
+.Ar suffix
+(e.g.,
+.Dq a{c,b{X,Y},d}e
+expands to four words:
+.Dq ace ,
+.Dq abXe ,
+.Dq abYe ,
+and
+.Dq ade ) .
 As noted in the example, brace expressions can be nested and the resulting
-words are not sorted.
-Brace expressions must contain an unquoted comma (\fB,\fP) for expansion
-to occur (\fIi.e.\fP, \fB{}\fP and \fB{foo}\fP are not expanded).
-Brace expansion is carried out after parameter substitution and before
-file name generation.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  File Name Patterns
-.SS "File Name Patterns"
-.PP
-A file name pattern is a word containing one or more unquoted \fB?\fP or
-\fB*\fP characters or \fB[\fP..\fB]\fP sequences.  Once brace expansion has
-been performed, the shell replaces file name patterns with the sorted names
-of all the files that match the pattern (if no files match, the word is
-left unchanged).  The pattern elements have the following meaning:
-.IP \fB?\fP
-matches any single character.
-.IP \fB*\fP
-matches any sequence of characters.
-.IP \fB[\fP..\fB]\fP
-matches any of the characters inside the brackets.  Ranges of characters
-can be specified by separating two characters by a \fB\-\fP, \fIe.g.\fP,
-\fB[a0\-9]\fP matches the letter \fBa\fP or any digit.
-In order to represent itself, a
-\fB\-\fP must either be quoted or the first or last character in the character
-list.  Similarly, a \fB]\fP must be quoted or the first character in the list
-if it is represent itself instead of the end of the list.  Also, a \fB!\fP
+words are not sorted. Brace expressions must contain an unquoted comma
+.Pq Sq \&,
+for expansion to occur (i.e.,
+.Ic {}
+and
+.Ic {foo}
+are not expanded). Brace expansion is carried out after parameter substitution
+and before file name generation.
+.Ss File name patterns
+A file name pattern is a word containing one or more unquoted
+.Dq \&?
+or
+.Dq \&*
+characters or
+.Dq [..]
+sequences. Once brace expansion has been performed, the shell replaces file
+name patterns with the sorted named of all the files that match the pattern
+(if no files match, the word is left unchanged). The pattern elements have the
+following meaning:
+.Bl -tag -width Ds
+.It Ic \&?
+Matches any single character.
+.It Ic \&*
+Matches any sequence of characters.
+.It Ic \&[ Ns No .. Ns Ic \&]
+Matches any of the characters inside the brackets. Ranges of characters can be
+specified by separating two characters by a
+.Dq \&-
+(e.g.,
+.Dq [a0-9]
+matches the letter
+.Dq a
+or any digit). In order to represent itself, a
+.Dq \&-
+must either be quoted or the first or last character in the character list.
+Similarly, a
+.Dq \&]
+must be quoted or the first character in the list if it is to represent itself
+instead of the end of the list. Also, a
+.Dq \&!
 appearing at the start of the list has special meaning (see below), so to
 represent itself it must be quoted or appear later in the list.
-.IP \fB[!\fP..\fB]\fP
-like \fB[\fP..\fB]\fP, except it matches any character not inside the brackets.
-.IP "\fB*(\fP\fIpattern\fP\fB|\fP ... \fP|\fP\fIpattern\fP\fB)\fP"
-matches any string of characters that matches zero or more occurances
-of the specified patterns.
-Example: the pattern \fB*(foo|bar)\fP matches the strings
-`', `foo', `bar', `foobarfoo', \fIetc.\fP.
-.IP "\fB+(\fP\fIpattern\fP\fB|\fP ... \fP|\fP\fIpattern\fP\fB)\fP"
-matches any string of characters that matches one or more occurances
-of the specified patterns.
-Example: the pattern \fB+(foo|bar)\fP matches the strings
-`foo', `bar', `foobarfoo', \fIetc.\fP.
-.IP "\fB?(\fP\fIpattern\fP\fB|\fP ... \fP|\fP\fIpattern\fP\fB)\fP"
-matches the empty string or a string that matches one of the
-specified patterns.
-Example: the pattern \fB?(foo|bar)\fP only matches the strings
-`', `foo' and `bar'.
-.IP "\fB@(\fP\fIpattern\fP\fB|\fP ... \fP|\fP\fIpattern\fP\fB)\fP"
-matches a string that matches one of the
-specified patterns.
-Example: the pattern \fB@(foo|bar)\fP only matches the strings
-`foo' and `bar'.
-.IP "\fB!(\fP\fIpattern\fP\fB|\fP ... \fP|\fP\fIpattern\fP\fB)\fP"
-matches any string that does not match one of the specified
-patterns.
-Examples: the pattern \fB!(foo|bar)\fP matches all strings except
-`foo' and `bar'; the pattern \fB!(*)\fP matches no strings;
-the pattern \fB!(?)*\fP matches all strings (think about it).
-.PP
-Note that pdksh currently never matches \fB.\fP and \fB..\fP, but the original
-ksh, Bourne sh and bash do, so this may have to change (too bad).
-.PP
-Note that none of the above pattern elements match either a period (\fB.\fP)
-at the start of a file name or a slash (\fB/\fP), even if they are explicitly
-used in a \fB[\fP..\fB]\fP sequence; also, the names \fB.\fP and \fB..\fP
-are never matched, even by the pattern \fB.*\fP.
-.PP
-If the \fBmarkdirs\fP option is set, any directories that result from
-file name generation are marked with a trailing \fB/\fP.
-.PP
-.\" todo: implement this ([[:alpha:]], \fIetc.\fP)
-The POSIX character classes (\fIi.e.\fP,
-\fB[:\fP\fIclass-name\fP\fB:]\fP inside a \fB[\fP..\fB]\fP expression)
-are not yet implemented.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  Input/Output Redirection
-.SS "Input/Output Redirection"
-When a command is executed, its standard input, standard output and
-standard error (file descriptors 0, 1 and 2, respectively) are normally
-inherited from the shell.
-Three exceptions to this are commands in pipelines, for which standard input
-and/or standard output are those set up by the pipeline, asynchronous commands
-created when job control is disabled, for which standard input is initially
-set to be from \fB/dev/null\fP, and commands for which any of the following
-redirections have been specified:
-.IP "\fB>\fP \fIfile\fP"
-standard output is redirected to \fIfile\fP.  If \fIfile\fP does not exist,
-it is created; if it does exist, is a regular file and the \fBnoclobber\fP
-option is set, an error occurs, otherwise the file is truncated.
-Note that this means the command \fIcmd < foo > foo\fP will open
-\fIfoo\fP for reading and then truncate it when it opens it for writing,
-before \fIcmd\fP gets a chance to actually read \fIfoo\fP.
-.IP "\fB>|\fP \fIfile\fP"
-same as \fB>\fP, except the file is truncated, even if the \fBnoclobber\fP
+.It Ic \&[\&! Ns No .. Ns Ic \&]
+Like
+.Ic \&[ Ns No .. Ns Ic \&] ,
+except it matches any character not inside the brackets.
+.Sm off
+.It Xo Ic \&*( Ar pattern Ic \&| No \ ...\ 
+.Ic \&| Ar pattern Ic \&)
+.Xc
+.Sm on
+Matches any string of characters that matches zero or more occurrences of the
+specified patterns. Example: The pattern
+.Ic \&*(foo\&|bar)
+matches the strings
+.Dq ,
+.Dq foo ,
+.Dq bar ,
+.Dq foobarfoo ,
+etc.
+.Sm off
+.It Xo Ic \&+( Ar pattern Ic \&| No \ ...\ 
+.Ic \&| Ar pattern Ic \&)
+.Xc
+.Sm on
+Matches any string of characters that matches one or more occurrences of the
+specified patterns. Example: The pattern
+.Ic \&+(foo\&|bar)
+matches the strings
+.Dq foo ,
+.Dq bar ,
+.Dq foobar ,
+etc.
+.Sm off
+.It Xo Ic \&?( Ar pattern Ic \&| No \ ...\ 
+.Ic \&| Ar pattern Ic \&)
+.Xc
+.Sm on
+Matches the empty string or a string that matches one of the specified
+patterns. Example: The pattern
+.Ic \&?(foo\&|bar)
+only matches the strings
+.Dq ,
+.Dq foo
+and
+.Dq bar .
+.Sm off
+.It Xo Ic \&@( Ar pattern Ic \&| No \ ...\ 
+.Ic \&| Ar pattern Ic \&)
+.Xc
+.Sm on
+Matches a string that matches one of the specified patterns. Example: The
+pattern
+.Ic \&@(foo\&|bar)
+only matches the strings
+.Dq foo
+and
+.Dq bar .
+.Sm off
+.It Xo Ic \&!( Ar pattern Ic \&| No \ ...\ 
+.Ic \&| Ar pattern Ic \&)
+.Xc
+.Sm on
+Matches any string that does not match one of the specified patterns. Examples:
+The pattern
+.Ic \&!(foo\&|bar)
+matches all strings except
+.Dq foo
+and
+.Dq bar ;
+the pattern
+.Ic \&!(\&*)
+matches no strings; the pattern
+.Ic \&!(\&?)\&*
+matches all strings (think about it).
+.El
+.Pp
+Note that
+.Nm pdksh
+currently never matches
+.Dq \&.
+and
+.Dq \&.\&. ,
+but the original
+.Xr ksh ,
+Bourne
+.Xr sh
+and
+.Xr bash
+do, so this may have to change (too bad).
+.Pp
+Note that none of the above pattern elements match either a period
+.Pq Sq \&.
+at the start of a file name or a slash
+.Pq Sq / ,
+even if they are explicitly used in a
+.Ic \&[ Ns No .. Ns Ic \&]
+sequence; also, the names
+.Dq \&.
+and
+.Dq \&.\&.
+are never matched, even by the pattern
+.Dq \&.\&* .
+.Pp
+If the
+.Ic markdirs
+option is set, any directories that result from file name generation are marked
+with a trailing
+.Dq / .
+.Pp
+The POSIX character classes (i.e.,
+.Ic \&[\&: Ns Ar class-name Ns Ic \&:\&]
+inside a
+.Ic \&[ Ns No .. Ns Ic \&]
+expression) are not yet implemented.
+.Ss Input/output redirection
+When a command is executed, its standard input, standard output and standard
+error (file descriptors 0, 1 and 2, respectively) are normally inherited from
+the shell. Three exceptions to this are commands in pipelines, for which
+standard input and/or standard output are those set up by the pipeline,
+asynchronous commands created when job control is disabled, for which standard
+input is initially set to be from
+.Pa /dev/null ,
+and commands for which any of the following redirections have been specified:
+.Bl -tag -width Ds
+.It Ic \&> Ar file
+Standard output is redirected to
+.Ar file .
+If
+.Ar file
+does not exist, it is created; if it does exist, is a regular file and the
+.Ic noclobber
+option is set, an error occurs, otherwise the file is truncated. Note that this
+means the command
+.Ic cmd < foo > foo
+will open
+.Ar foo
+for reading and then truncate it when it opens it for writing, before
+.Ar cmd
+gets a chance to actually read
+.Ar foo .
+.It Ic \&>\&| Ar file
+Same as
+.Ic \&> ,
+except the file is truncated, even if the
+.Ic noclobber
 option is set.
-.IP "\fB>>\fP \fIfile\fP"
-same as \fB>\fP, except the file an existing file is appended to instead
-of being truncated.  Also, the file is opened in append mode, so writes
-always go to the end of the file (see \fIopen\fP(2)).
-.IP "\fB<\fP \fIfile\fP"
-standard input is redirected from \fIfile\fP, which is opened for reading.
-.IP "\fB<>\fP \fIfile\fP"
-same as \fB<\fP, except the file is opened for reading and writing.
-.IP "\fB<<\fP \fImarker\fP"
-after reading the command line containing this kind of redirection (called a
-here document), the shell copies lines from the command source into a temporary
-file until a line matching \fImarker\fP is read.
-When the command is executed, standard input is redirected from the temporary
-file.
-If \fImarker\fP contains no quoted characters, the contents of the
-temporary file are processed as if enclosed in double quotes each time
-the command is executed, so parameter, command and arithmetic substitutions
-are performed, along with backslash (\fB\e\fP) escapes for
-\fB$\fP, \fB`\fP, \fB\e\fP and \fB\enewline\fP.
-If multiple here documents are used on the same command line, they are
-saved in order.
-.IP "\fB<<-\fP \fImarker\fP"
-same as \fB<<\fP, except leading tabs are stripped from lines in the
-here document.
-.IP "\fB<&\fP \fIfd\fP"
-standard input is duplicated from file descriptor \fIfd\fP.
-\fIfd\fP can be a single digit, indicating the number of an existing
-file descriptor, the letter \fBp\fP, indicating the file descriptor
-associated with the output of the current co-process, or
-the character \fB\-\fP, indicating standard input is to be closed.
-.IP "\fB>&\fP \fIfd\fP"
-same as \fB<&\fP, except the operation is done on standard output.
-.PP
-In any of the above redirections, the file descriptor that is redirected
-(\fIi.e.\fP, standard input or standard output) can be explicitly given by
-preceding the redirection with a single digit.
-Parameter, command and arithmetic substitutions, tilde substitutions and
-(if the shell is interactive) file name generation are all performed
-on the \fIfile\fP, \fImarker\fP and \fIfd\fP arguments of redirections.
-Note however, that the results of any file name generation are only used
-if a single file is matched; if multiple files match, the word with the
-unexpanded file name generation characters is used.
-Note that in restricted shells, redirections which can create files cannot
-be used.
-.PP
+.It Ic \&>\&> Ar file
+Same as
+.Ic \&> ,
+except if
+.Ar file
+exists it is appended to instead of being truncated. Also, the file is opened
+in append mode, so writes always go to the end of the file (see
+.Fn open 2 ) .
+.It Ic \&< Ar file
+Standard input is redirected from
+.Ar file ,
+which is opened for reading.
+.It Ic \&<\&> Ar file
+Same as
+.Ic \&< ,
+except the file is opened for reading and writing.
+.It Ic \&<\&< Ar marker
+After reading the command line containing this kind of redirection (called a
+.Dq here document ) ,
+the shell copies lines from the command source into a termpoary file until a
+line matching
+.Ar marker
+is read. When the command is executed, standard input is redirected from the
+temporary file. If
+.Ar marker
+contains no quoted characters, the contents of the temporary file are processed
+as if enclosed in double quotes each time the command is executed, so
+parameter, command and arithmetic substitutions are performed, along with
+backslash
+.Pq Sq \e
+escapes for
+.Dq \&$ ,
+.Dq ` ,
+.Dq \e ,
+and
+.Dq \enewline .
+If multiple here documents are used on the same command line, they are saved in
+order.
+.It Ic \&<\&<\&- Ar marker
+Same as
+.Ic \&<\&< ,
+except leading tabs are stripped from lines in the here document.
+.It Ic \&<\&& Ar fd
+Standard input is duplicated from file descriptor
+.Ar fd .
+.Ar fd
+can be a single digit, indicating the number of an existing file descriptor;
+the letter
+.Dq p ,
+indicating the file descriptor associated with the output of the current
+co-process; or the character
+.Dq \&- ,
+indicating standard input is to be closed.
+.It Ic \&>\&& Ar fd
+Same as
+.Ic \&<\&& ,
+except the operation is done on standard output.
+.El
+.Pp
+In any of the above redirections, the file descriptor that is redirected (i.e.,
+standard input or standard output) can be explicitly given by preceding the
+redirection with a single digit. Parameter, command and arithmetic
+substitutions, tilde substitutions and (if the shell is interative)
+file name generation are all performed on the
+.Ar file ,
+.Ar marker
+and
+.Ar fd
+arguments of redirections. Note, however, that the results of any file name
+generation are only used if a single file is matched; if multiple files match,
+the word with the expanded file name generation characters is used. Note
+that in restricted shells, redirections which can create files cannot be used.
+.Pp
 For simple-commands, redirections may appear anywhere in the command, for
-compound-commands (\fBif\fP statements, \fIetc.\fP), any redirections must
-appear at the end.
-Redirections are processed after pipelines are created and in the order they
-are given, so
-.RS
-\fBcat /foo/bar 2>&1 > /dev/null | cat \-n\fP
-.RE
+compund-commands
+.Po
+.Ic if
+statements, etc.
+.Pc ,
+any redirections must appear at the end. Redirections are processed after
+pipelines are created and in the order they are given, so
+.Pp
+.Ic cat /foo/bar 2\&>&1 \&> /dev/null \&| cat -n
+.Pp
 will print an error with a line number prepended to it.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  Arithmetic Expressions
-.SS "Arithmetic Expressions"
-Integer arithmetic expressions can be used
-with the \fBlet\fP command,
-inside \fB$((\fP..\fB))\fP expressions,
-inside array references (\fIe.g.\fP, \fIname\fP\fB[\fP\fIexpr\fP\fB]\fP),
-as numeric arguments to the \fBtest\fP command,
-and as the value of an assignment to an integer parameter.
-.PP
-Expression may contain alpha-numeric parameter identifiers, array
-references, and integer constants and may be combined with the
-following C operators (listed and grouped in increasing order of precedence).
-.TP
+.Ss Arithmetic expressions
+Integer arithmetic expressions can be used with the
+.Ic let
+command, inside
+.Ic $(( Ns No .. Ns Ic ))
+expressions, inside array references (e.g.,
+.Sm off
+.Ar name Ic \&[ Ar expr Ic \&] ) ,
+.Sm on
+as numeric arguments to the
+.Ic test
+command, and as the value of an assignment to an integer parameter.
+.Pp
+Expressions may contain alpha-numeric parameter identifiers, array references,
+and integer constants and may be combined with the following C operators
+(listed and grouped in increasing order of precedence):
+.Pp
 Unary operators:
-\fB+ \- ! ~ ++ --\fP
-.TP
+.Bl -item -offset indent -compact
+.It
+.Ic \&+ \&- \&! \&~ \&+\&+ \&-\&-
+.El
+.Pp
 Binary operators:
-\fB,\fP
-.br
-\fB= *= /= %= += \-= <<= >>= &= ^= |=\fP
-.br
-\fB||\fP
-.br
-\fB&&\fP
-.br
-\fB|\fP
-.br
-\fB^\fP
-.br
-\fB&\fP
-.br
-\fB== !=\fP
-.br
-\fB< <= >= >\fP
-.br
-\fB<< >>\fP
-.br
-\fB+ \-\fP
-.br
-\fB* / %\fP
-.TP
-Ternary operator:
-\fB?:\fP (precedence is immediately higher than assignment)
-.TP
+.Bl -item -offset indent -compact
+.It
+.Ic \&,
+.It
+.Ic = \&*= /= %= \&+= \&-= \&<\&<=
+.Ic \&>\&>= \&&= ^= \&|=
+.It
+.Ic \&|\&|
+.It
+.Ic \&&\&&
+.It
+.Ic \&|
+.It
+.Ic ^
+.It
+.Ic \&&
+.It
+.Ic == \&!=
+.It
+.Ic \&< \&<= \&>= \&>
+.It
+.Ic \&<\&< \&>\&>
+.It
+.Ic \&+ \&-
+.It
+.Ic \&* / %
+.El
+.Pp
+Ternary operators:
+.Bl -item -offset indent -compact
+.It
+.Ic \&?\&:
+(precedence is immediately higher than assignment)
+.El
+.Pp
 Grouping operators:
-\fB( )\fP
-.PP
+.Bl -item -offset indent -compact
+.It
+.Ic \&( \&)
+.El
+.Pp
 Integer constants may be specified with arbitrary bases using the notation
-\fIbase\fP\fB#\fP\fInumber\fP, where \fIbase\fP is a decimal integer specifying
-the base, and \fInumber\fP is a number in the specified base.
-.LP
+.Ar base Ns Ic \&# Ns Ar number ,
+where
+.Ar base
+is a decimal integer specifying the base, and
+.Ar number
+is a number in the specified base.
+.Pp
 The operators are evaluated as follows:
-.RS
-.IP "unary \fB+\fP"
-result is the argument (included for completeness).
-.IP "unary \fB\-\fP"
-negation.
-.IP "\fB!\fP"
-logical not; the result is 1 if argument is zero, 0 if not.
-.IP "\fB~\fP"
-arithmetic (bit-wise) not.
-.IP "\fB++\fP"
-increment; must be applied to a parameter (not a literal or other
-expression) - the parameter is incremented by 1.
-When used as a prefix operator, the result is the incremented value of
-the parameter, when used as a postfix operator, the result is the
-original value of the parameter.
-.IP "\fB++\fP"
-similar to \fB++\fP, except the paramter is decremented by 1.
-.IP "\fB,\fP"
-separates two arithmetic expressions; the left hand side is evaluated first,
-then the right.  The result is value of the expression on the right hand side.
-.IP "\fB=\fP"
-assignment; variable on the left is set to the value on the right.
-.IP "\fB*= /= %= += \-= <<= >>= &= ^= |=\fP"
-assignment operators; \fI<var> <op>\fP\fB=\fP \fI<expr>\fP is the same as
-\fI<var>\fP \fB=\fP \fI<var> <op>\fP \fB(\fP \fI<expr>\fP \fB)\fP.
-.IP "\fB||\fP"
-logical or; the result is 1 if either argument is non-zero, 0 if not.
-The right argument is evaluated only if the left argument is zero.
-.IP "\fB&&\fP"
-logical and; the result is 1 if both arguments are non-zero, 0 if not.
-The right argument is evaluated only if the left argument is non-zero.
-.IP "\fB|\fP"
-arithmetic (bit-wise) or.
-.IP "\fB^\fP"
-arithmetic (bit-wise) exclusive-or.
-.IP "\fB&\fP"
-arithmetic (bit-wise) and.
-.IP "\fB==\fP"
-equal; the result is 1 if both arguments are equal, 0 if not.
-.IP "\fB!=\fP"
-not equal; the result is 0 if both arguments are equal, 1 if not.
-.IP "\fB<\fP"
-less than; the result is 1 if the left argument is less than the right,
-0 if not.
-.IP "\fB<= >= >\fP"
-less than or equal, greater than or equal, greater than.  See <.
-.IP "\fB<< >>\fP"
-shift left (right); the result is the left argument with its bits shifted
-left (right) by the amount given in the right argument.
-.IP "\fB+ - * /\fP"
-addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.
-.IP "\fB%\fP"
-remainder; the result is the remainder of the division of the left argument
-by the right.  The sign of the result is unspecified if either argument
-is negative.
-.IP "\fI<arg1>\fP \fB?\fP \fI<arg2>\fP \fB:\fP \fI<arg3>\fP"
-if \fI<arg1>\fP is non-zero, the result is \fI<arg2>\fP,
-otherwise \fI<arg3>\fP.
-.RE
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  Co-Processes
-.SS "Co-Processes"
-A co-process, which is a pipeline created with the \fB|&\fP operator,
-is an asynchronous process that the shell can both write to
-(using \fBprint \-p\fP) and read from (using \fBread \-p\fP).
-The input and output of the co-process can also be manipulated
-using \fB>&p\fP and \fB<&p\fP redirections, respectively.
-Once a co-process has been started, another can't be started until
-the co-process exits, or until the co-process input has been redirected using
-an \fBexec \fP\fIn\fP\fB>&p\fP redirection.
-If a co-process's input is redirected in this way, the next 
+.Pp
+.Bl -tag -width Ds -offset indent
+.It unary Ic \&+
+Result is the argument (included for completeness).
+.It unary Ic \&-
+Negation.
+.It Ic \&!
+Logical NOT; the result is 1 if argument is zero, 0 if not.
+.It Ic \&~
+Arithmetic (bit-wise) NOT.
+.It Ic \&+\&+
+Increment; must be applied to a parameter (not a literal or other expression).
+The parameter is incremented by 1. When used as a prefix operator, the result
+is the incremented value of the parameter; when used as a postfix operator, the
+result is the original value of the parameter.
+.It Ic \&-\&-
+Similar to
+.Ic \&+\&+ ,
+except the parameter is decremented by 1.
+.It Ic \&,
+Separates two arithmetic expressions; the left-hand side is evaluated first,
+then the right. The result is the value of the expression on the right-hand
+side.
+.It Ic =
+Assignment; variable on the left is set to the value on the right.
+.It Xo Ic \&*= /= \&+= \&-= \&<\&<=
+.Ic \&>\&>= \&&= ^= \&|=
+.Xc
+Assignment operators.
+.Ao Ar var Ac
+.Ao Ar op Ac =
+.Ao Ar expr Ac
+is the same as
+.Ao Ar var Ac =
+.Ao Ar var Ac
+.Ao Ar op Ac
+.Ic \&(
+.Ao Ar expr Ac
+.Ic \&) .
+.It Ic \&|\&|
+Logical OR; the result is 1 if either argument is non-zero, 0 if not. The right
+argument is evaluated only if the left argument is zero.
+.It Ic \&&\&&
+Logical AND; the result is 1 if both arguments are non-zero, 0 if not. The
+right argument is evaluated only if the left argument is non-zero.
+.It Ic \&|
+Arithmetic (bit-wise) OR.
+.It Ic ^
+Arithmetic (bit-wise) XOR (exclusive-OR).
+.It Ic \&&
+Arithmetic (bit-wise) AND.
+.It Ic ==
+Equal; the result is 1 if both arguments are equal, 0 if not.
+.It Ic \&!=
+Not equal; the result is 0 if both arguments are equal, 1 if not.
+.It Ic \&<
+Less than; the result is 1 if the left argument is less than the right, 0 if
+not.
+.It Ic \&<= \&>= \&>
+Less than or equal, greater than or equal, greater than. See
+.Ic \&< .
+.It Ic \&<\&< \&>\&>
+Shift left (right); the result is the left argument with its bits shifted left
+(right) by the amount given in the right argument.
+.It Ic \&+ \&- \&* /
+Addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.
+.It Ic %
+Remainder; the result is the remainder of the division of the left argument by
+the right. The sign of the result is unspecified if either argument is
+negative.
+.It Xo Ao Ar arg1 Ac Ic \ \&?
+.Ao Ar arg2 Ac Ic \ \&: Ao Ar arg3 Ac
+.Xc
+If
+.Ao Ar arg1 Ac
+is non-zero, the result is
+.Ao Ar arg2 Ac ,
+otherwise
+.Ao Ar arg3 Ac .
+.El
+.Ss Co-processes
+A co-process, which is a pipeline created with the
+.Ic \&|\&&
+operator, is an asynchronous process that the shell can both write to (using
+.Ic print -p )
+and read from (using
+.Ic read -p ) .
+The input and output of the co-process can also be manipulated using
+.Ic \&>\&&p
+and
+.Ic \&<\&&p
+redirections, respectively. Once a co-process has been started, another can't
+be started until the co-process exits, or until the co-process's input has been
+redirected using an
+.Ic exec Ar n Ns Ic \&>\&&p
+redirection. If a co-process's input is redirected in this way, the next
 co-process to be started will share the output with the first co-process,
 unless the output of the initial co-process has been redirected using an
-\fBexec \fP\fIn\fP\fB<&p\fP redirection.
-.PP
+.Ic exec Ar n Ns Ic \&<\&&p
+redirection.
+.Pp
 Some notes concerning co-processes:
-.nr P2 \n(PD
-.nr PD 0
-.IP \ \ \(bu
-the only way to close the co-process input (so the co-process reads
-an end-of-file) is to redirect the input to a numbered file descriptor
-and then close that file descriptor (\fIe.g.\fP, \fBexec 3>&p;exec 3>&-\fP).
-.IP \ \ \(bu
-in order for co-processes to share a common output, the shell must keep
-the write portion of the output pipe open.
-This means that end of file will not be detected until all co-processes
-sharing the co-process output have exited (when they all exit, the shell
-closes its copy of the pipe).
-This can be avoided by redirecting the output to a numbered
-file descriptor (as this also causes the shell to close its copy).
-Note that this behaviour is slightly different from the original Korn shell
-which closes its copy of the write portion of the co-process output when the
-most recently started co-process (instead of when all sharing co-processes)
-exits.
-.IP \ \ \(bu
-\fBprint \-p\fP will ignore SIGPIPE signals during writes
-if the signal is not being trapped or ignored; the same is not true if
-the co-process input has been duplicated to another file descriptor and
-\fBprint \-u\fP\fIn\fP is used.
-.nr PD \n(P2
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  Functions
-.SS "Functions"
-Functions are defined using either Korn shell \fBfunction\fP \fIname\fP
-syntax or the Bourne/POSIX shell \fIname\fP\fB()\fP syntax
-(see below for the difference between the two forms).
-Functions are like \fB.\fP-scripts in that they are executed in
-the current environment, however, unlike \fB.\fP-scripts, shell arguments
-(\fIi.e.\fP, positional parameters, \fB$1\fP, \fIetc.\fP) are never visible
-inside them.
-When the shell is determining the location of a command, functions are
-searched after special built-in commands, and before regular and non-regular
-built-ins, and before the \fBPATH\fP is searched.
-.PP
-An existing function may be deleted using \fBunset \-f\fP \fIfunction-name\fP.
-A list of functions can be obtained using \fBtypeset +f\fP and the
-function definitions can be listed using \fBtypeset \-f\fP.
-\fBautoload\fP (which is an alias for \fBtypeset \-fu\fP) may be used to
-create undefined functions; when an undefined function is executed, the
-shell searches the path specified in the \fBFPATH\fP parameter for a file
-with the same name as the function, which, if found is read and executed.
-If after executing the file, the named function is found to be defined, the
-function is executed, otherwise, the normal command search is continued
-(\fIi.e.\fP, the shell searches the regular built-in command table
-and \fBPATH\fP).
-Note that if a command is not found using \fBPATH\fP, an attempt is
-made to autoload a function using \fBFPATH\fP (this is an undocumented
-feature of the original Korn shell).
-.PP
-Functions can have two attributes, trace and export, which can be set
-with \fBtypeset \-ft\fP and \fBtypeset \-fx\fP, respectively.
-When a traced function is executed, the shell's \fBxtrace\fP option is turned
-on for the functions duration, otherwise the \fBxtrace\fP option is turned off.
-The export attribute of functions is currently not used.  In the original
-Korn shell, exported functions are visible to shell scripts that are executed.
-.PP
+.Bl -bullet
+.It
+The only way to close the co-process's input (so the co-process reads an
+end-of-file) is to redirect the input to a numbered file descriptor and then
+close that file descriptor (e.g.,
+.Ic exec 3\&>\&&p\&; exec 3>\&>\&&\&- ) .
+.It
+In order for co-processes to share a common output, the shell must keep the
+write portion of the output pipe open. This means that end-of-file will not be
+detected until all co-processes sharing the co-process output have exited
+(when they all exit, the shell closes its copy of the pipe). This can be
+avoided by redirecting the output to a numbered file descriptor (as this also
+causes the shell to close its copy). Note that this behaviour is slightly
+different from the original Korn shell which closes its copy of the write
+portion of the co-process output when the most recently started co-process
+(instead of when all sharing co-processes) exits.
+.It
+.Ic print -p
+will ignore
+.Dv SIGPIPE
+signals during writes if the signal is not being trapped or ignored; the same
+is true if the co-process input has been duplicated to another file descriptor
+and
+.Ic print -u Ns Ar n
+is used.
+.El
+.Ss Functions
+Functions are defined using either Korn shell
+.Ic function Ar name
+syntax or the Bourne/POSIX shell
+.Fn name
+syntax (see below for the difference between the two forms). Functions are like
+.Li .-scripts
+in that they are executed in the current environment. Howeer, unlike
+.Li .-scripts ,
+shell arguments (i.e., positional parameters $1, $2, etc.) are never visible
+inside them. When the shell is determining the location of a command, functions
+are searched after special built-in commands, and before regular and
+non-regular built-ins, and before the
+.Ev PATH
+is searched.
+.Pp
+An existing function may be deleted using
+.Ic unset Fl f Ar function-name .
+A list of functions can be obtained using
+.Ic typeset \&+f
+and the function definitions can be listed using
+.Ic typeset \&-f .
+.Ic autoload
+(which is an alias for
+.Ic typeset \&-fu )
+may be used to create undefined functions; when an undefined function is
+executed, the shell searches the path specified in the
+.Ev FPATH
+parameter for a file with the same name as the function, which, if found, is
+read and executed. If after executing the file the named function is found to
+be defined, the function is executed; otherwise, the normal command search is
+continued (i.e., the shell searches the regular built-in command table and
+.Ev PATH ) .
+Note that if a command is not found using
+.Ev PATH ,
+an attempt is made to autoload a function using
+.Ev FPATH
+(this is an undocumented feature of the original Korn shell).
+.Pp
+Functions can have two attributes,
+.Dq trace
+and
+.Dq export ,
+which can be set with
+.Ic typeset \&-ft
+and
+.Ic typeset \&-fx ,
+respectively. When a traced function is executed, the shell's
+.Ic xtrace
+option is turned on for the function's duration; otherwise, the
+.Ic xtrace
+option is turned off. The
+.Dq export
+attribute of functions is currently not used. In the original Korn shell,
+exported functions are visible to shell scripts that are executed.
+.Pp
 Since functions are executed in the current shell environment, parameter
 assignments made inside functions are visible after the function completes.
-If this is not the desired effect, the \fBtypeset\fP command can be used
-inside a function to create a local parameter.
-Note that special parameters (\fIe.g.\fP, \fB$$\fP, \fB$!\fP) can't be
-scoped in this way.
-.PP
-The exit status of a function is that of the last command executed in
-the function.
-A function can be made to finish immediately using the \fBreturn\fP command;
-this may also be used to explicitly specify the exit status.
-.PP
-Functions defined with the \fBfunction\fP reserved word are
-treated differently in the following ways from functions defined with
-the \fB()\fP notation:
-.nr P2 \n(PD
-.nr PD 0
-.IP \ \ \(bu
-the \fB$0\fP parameter is set to the name of the function
-(Bourne-style functions leave \fB$0\fP untouched).
-.IP \ \ \(bu
-parameter assignments preceding function calls are not kept in
-the shell environment
-(executing Bourne-style functions will keep assignments).
-.IP \ \ \(bu
-\fBOPTIND\fP is saved/reset and restored on entry and exit from the function
-so \fBgetopts\fP can be used properly both inside and outside the function
-(Bourne-style functions leave \fBOPTIND\fP untouched, so using \fBgetopts\fP
-inside a function interferes with using \fBgetopts\fP outside the function).
-.nr PD \n(P2
-In the future, the following differences will also be added:
-.nr P2 \n(PD
-.nr PD 0
-.IP \ \ \(bu
+If this is not the desired effect, the
+.Ic typeset
+command can be used inside a function to create a local parameter. Note that
+special parameters (e.g., $$, $\&!) can't be scoped in this way.
+.Pp
+The exit status of a function is that of the last command executed in the
+function. A function can be made to finish immediately using the
+.Ic return
+command; this may also be used to explicitly specify the exit status.
+.Pp
+Functions defined with the
+.Ic function
+reserved word are treated differently in the following ways from functions
+defined with the
+.Ic \&(\&)
+notation:
+.Bl -bullet
+.It
+The $0 parameter is set to the name of the function (Bourne-style functions
+leave $0 untouched).
+.It
+Parameter assignments preceding function calls are not kept in the shell
+environment (executing Bourne-style functions will keep assignments).
+.It
+.Ev OPTIND
+is saved/reset and restored on entry and exit from the function so
+.Ic getopts
+can be used properly both inside and outside the function (Bourne-style
+functions leave
+.Dv OPTIND
+untouched, so using
+.Ic getopts
+inside a function interferes with using
+.Ic getopts
+outside the function). In the future, the following differences will also be
+added:
+.Bl -bullet -offset indent
+.It
 A separate trap/signal environment will be used during the execution of
-functions.
-This will mean that traps set inside a function will not affect the shell's
-traps and signals that are not ignored in the shell (but may be trapped) will
-have their default effect in a function.
-.IP \ \ \(bu
+functions. This will mean that traps set inside a function will not affect the
+shell's traps and signals that are not ignored in the shell (but may be
+trapped) will have their default effect in a function.
+.It
 The EXIT trap, if set in a function, will be executed after the function
 returns.
-.nr PD \n(P2
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  POSIX mode
-.SS "POSIX Mode"
+.El
+.El
+.Ss POSIX mode
 The shell is intended to be POSIX compliant, however, in some cases, POSIX
-behaviour is contrary either to the original Korn shell behaviour or to
-user convenience.
-How the shell behaves in these cases is determined by the state of
-the posix option (\fBset \-o posix\fP) \(em if it is on, the POSIX behaviour
-is followed, otherwise it is not.
-The \fBposix\fP option is set automatically when the shell starts up
-if the environment contains the \fBPOSIXLY_CORRECT\fP parameter.
-(The shell can also be compiled so that it is in POSIX mode by default,
-however this is usually not desirable).
-.PP
-The following is a list of things that are affected by the state of
-the \fBposix\fP option:
-.nr P2 \n(PD
-.nr PD 0
-.IP \ \ \(bu
-\fB\e"\fP inside double quoted \fB`\fP..\fB`\fP command substitutions:
-in posix mode, the \fB\e"\fP is interpreted when the command is interpreted;
-in non-posix mode, the backslash is stripped before the command substitution
-is interpreted.  For example, \fBecho "`echo \e"hi\e"`"\fP produces `"hi"' in
-posix mode, `hi' in non-posix mode.  To avoid problems, use the \fB$(...\fP)
+behaviour is contrary either to the original Korn shell behaviour or to user
+convenience. How the shell behaves in these cases is determined by the state
+of the
+.Ic posix
+option
+.Pq Ic set Fl o Ic posix .
+If it is on, the POSIX behaviour is followed, otherwise it is not. The
+.Ic posix
+option is set automatically when the shell starts up if the environment
+contains the
+.Dv POSIXLY_CORRECT
+parameter. (The shell can also be compiled so that it is in POSIX mode by
+default, however this is usually not desirable).
+.Pp
+The following is a list of things that are affected by the state of the
+.Ic posix
+option:
+.Bl -bullet
+.It
+Occurrences of
+.Ic \e\&"
+inside double quoted
+.Ic `\&.\&.`
+command substitutions. In POSIX mode, the
+.Ic \e\&"
+is interpreted when the command is interpreted; in non-POSIX mode, the
+backslash is stripped before the command substitution is interpreted. For
+example,
+.Ic echo \&"`echo \e\&"hi\e\&"`\&"
+produces
+.Dq \&"hi\&"
+in POSIX mode,
+.Dq hi
+in non-POSIX mode. To avoid problems, use the
+.Ic $(...)
 form of command substitution.
-.IP \ \ \(bu
-\fBkill \-l\fP output: in posix mode, signal names are listed one a single line;
-in non-posix mode, signal numbers, names and descriptions are printed in
-columns.
-In future, a new option (\fB\-v\fP perhaps) will be added to distinguish
-the two behaviours.
-.IP \ \ \(bu
-\fBfg\fP exit status: in posix mode, the exit status is 0 if no errors occur;
-in non-posix mode, the exit status is that of the last foregrounded job.
-.IP \ \ \(bu
-\fBgetopts\fP: in posix mode, options must start with a \fB\-\fP; in non-posix
-mode, options can start with either \fB\-\fP or \fB+\fP.
-.IP \ \ \(bu
-brace expansion (also known as alternation): in posix mode, brace expansion
-is disabled; in non-posix mode, brace expansion enabled.
-Note that \fBset \-o posix\fP (or setting the \fBPOSIXLY_CORRECT\fP parameter)
-automatically turns the \fBbraceexpand\fP option off, however it can be
-explicitly turned on later.
-.IP \ \ \(bu
-\fBset \-\fP: in posix mode, this does not clear the \fBverbose\fP or
-\fBxtrace\fP options; in non-posix mode, it does.
-.IP \ \ \(bu
-\fBset\fP exit status: in posix mode, the exit status of set is 0
-if there are no errors; in non-posix mode, the exit status is that of
-any command substitutions performed in generating the set command.
-For example, `\fBset \-\- `false`; echo $?\fP' prints 0 in posix mode,
-1 in non-posix mode.  This construct is used in most shell scripts that
-use the old \fIgetopt\fP(1) command.
-.IP \ \ \(bu
-argument expansion of \fBalias\fP, \fBexport\fP, \fBreadonly\fP, and
-\fBtypeset\fP commands: in posix mode, normal argument expansion done;
-in non-posix mode, field splitting, file globing, brace expansion and
-(normal) tilde expansion are turned off, and assignment tilde expansion
-is turned on.
-.IP \ \ \(bu
-signal specification: in posix mode, signals can be specified as digits only
-if signal numbers match POSIX values (\fIi.e.\fP, HUP=1, INT=2, QUIT=3, ABRT=6,
-KILL=9, ALRM=14, and TERM=15); in non-posix mode, signals can be always digits.
-.IP \ \ \(bu
-alias expansion: in posix mode, alias expansion is only carried out when
-reading command words; in non-posix mode, alias expansion is carried out
-on any word following an alias that ended in a space.
-For example, the following for loop
-.RS
-.ft B
-alias a='for ' i='j'
-.br
-a i in 1 2; do echo i=$i j=$j; done
-.ft P
-.RE
-uses parameter \fBi\fP in posix mode, \fBj\fP in non-posix mode.
-.IP \ \ \(bu
-test: in posix mode, the expression "\fB-t\fP" (preceded by
-some number of "\fB!\fP" arguments) is always true as it is a non-zero length
-string; in non-posix mode, it tests if file descriptor 1 is a tty (\fIi.e.\fP,
-the \fIfd\fP argument to the \fB-t\fP test may be left out and defaults to 1).
-.nr PD \n(P2
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  Command Execution (built-in commands)
-.SS "Command Execution"
+.It
+.Ic kill -l
+output. In POSIX mode, signal names are listed one per line; in non-POSIX mode,
+signal numbers, names and descriptions are printed in columns. In future, a new
+option
+.Po Fl v
+\ perhaps
+.Pc
+will be added to distinguish the two behaviours.
+.It
+.Ic fg
+exit status. In POSIX mode, the exit status is 0 if no errors occur; in
+non-POSIX mode, the exit status is that of the last foregrounded job.
+.It
+.Ic getopts .
+In POSIX mode, options must start with a
+.Dq \&- ;
+in non-POSIX mode, options can start with either
+.Dq \&-
+or
+.Dq \&+ .
+.It
+Brace expansion (also known as alternation). In POSIX mode, brace expansion is
+disabled; in non-POSIX mode, brace expansion is enabled. Note that
+.Ic set Fl o Ic posix
+(or setting the
+.Ev POSIXLY_CORRECT
+parameter) automatically turns the
+.Ic braceexpand
+option off, however, it can be explicitly turned on later.
+.It
+.Ic set \&- .
+In POSIX mode, this does not clear the
+.Ic verbose
+or
+.Ic xtrace
+options; in non-POSIX mode, it does.
+.It
+.Ic set
+exit status. In POSIX mode, the exit status of
+.Ic set
+is 0 if there are no errors; in non-POSIX mode, the exit status is that of any
+command substitutions performed in generating the
+.Ic set
+command. For example,
+.Ic set \&-\&- `false`; echo $?
+prints 0 in POSIX mode, 1 in non-POSIX mode. This construct is used in most
+shell scripts that use the old
+.Xr getopt 1
+command.
+.It
+Argument expansion of
+.Ic alias ,
+.Ic export ,
+.Ic readonly ,
+and
+.Ic typeset
+commands. In POSIX mode, normal argument expansion is done; in non-POSIX mode,
+field splitting, file globbing, brace expansion, and (normal) tilde expansion
+are turned off, while assignment tilde expansion is turned on.
+.It
+Signal specification. In POSIX mode, signals can be specified as digits, only
+if signal numbers match POSIX values (i.e., HUP=1, INT=2, QUIT=3, ABRT=6,
+KILL=9, ALRM=14, and TERM=15); in non-POSIX mode, signals can always be digits.
+.It
+Alias expansion. In POSIX mode, alias expansion is only carried out when
+reading command words; in non-POSIX mode, alias expansion is carried out on any
+word following an alias that ended in a space. For example, the following
+.Ic for
+loop
+.Pp
+.Bl -item -offset indent -compact
+.It
+.Ic alias a='for ' i='j'
+.It
+.Ic a i in 1 2; do echo i=$i j=$j; done
+.El
+.Pp
+uses parameter
+.Ic i
+in POSIX mode,
+.Ic j
+in non-POSIX mode.
+.It
+Test. In POSIX mode, the expression
+.Dq Fl t
+(preceded by some number of
+.Dq Ic \&!
+arguments) is always true as it is a non-zero length string; in non-POSIX mode,
+it tests if file descriptor 1 is a tty (i.e., the
+.Ar fd
+argument to the
+.Fl t
+test may be left out and defaults to 1).
+.El
+.Ss Command execution
 After evaluation of command line arguments, redirections and parameter
-assignments, the type of command is determined: a special built-in,
-a function, a regular built-in or the name of a file to execute found
-using the \fBPATH\fP parameter.
-The checks are made in the above order.
-Special built-in commands differ from other commands in that 
-the \fBPATH\fP parameter is not used to find them, an error
-during their execution can cause a non-interactive shell to exit and
-parameter assignments that are specified before the command are
-kept after the command completes.
-Just to confuse things, if the posix option is turned off (see \fBset\fP
-command below) some special commands are very special in that
-no field splitting, file globing, brace expansion nor tilde expansion
-is preformed on arguments that look like assignments.
-Regular built-in commands are different only in that the \fBPATH\fP
+assignments, the type of command is determined; a special built-in, a function,
+a regular built-in, or the name of a file to execute found using the
+.Ev PATH
+parameter. The checks are made in the above order. Special built-in commands
+differ from other commands in that the
+.Ev PATH
+parameter is not used to find them, and an error during their execution can
+cause a non-interactive shell to exit and parameter assignments that are
+specified before the command are kept after the command completes. Just to
+confuse things, if the
+.Ic posix
+option is turned off (see
+.Ic set
+command below), some special commands are very special in that no field
+splitting, file globbing, brace expansion, nor tilde expansion is performed
+on arguments that look like assignments. Regular built-in commands are
+different only in that the
+.Ev PATH
 parameter is not used to find them.
-.PP
+.Pp
 The original ksh and POSIX differ somewhat in which commands are considered
 special or regular:
-.IP "POSIX special commands"
-.TS
-lw(8m)fB lw(8m)fB lw(8m)fB lw(8m)fB lw(8m)fB .
-\&.	continue	exit	return	trap
-:	eval	export	set	unset
-break	exec	readonly	shift
-.TE
-.IP "Additional ksh special commands"
-.TS
-lw(8m)fB lw(8m)fB lw(8m)fB lw(8m)fB lw(8m)fB .
-builtin	times	typeset		
-.TE
-.IP "Very special commands (non-posix mode)"
-.TS
-lw(8m)fB lw(8m)fB lw(8m)fB lw(8m)fB lw(8m)fB .
-alias	readonly	set	typeset	
-.TE
-.IP "POSIX regular commands"
-.TS
-lw(8m)fB lw(8m)fB lw(8m)fB lw(8m)fB lw(8m)fB .
-alias	command	fg	kill	umask
-bg	false	getopts	read	unalias
-cd	fc	jobs	true	wait
-.TE
-.IP "Additional ksh regular commands"
-.TS
-lw(8m)fB lw(8m)fB lw(8m)fB lw(8m)fB lw(8m)fB .
-[	let	pwd	ulimit	
-echo	print	test	whence	
-.TE
-.PP
-In the future, the additional ksh special and regular commands may
-be treated differently from the POSIX special and regular commands.
-.PP
+.Pp
+POSIX special commands
+.Pp
+.Ic \&. , \&: , break , continue ,
+.Ic eval , exec , exit , export ,
+.Ic readonly , return , set , shift ,
+.Ic trap , unset
+.Pp
+Additional ksh special commands
+.Pp
+.Ic builtin , times , typeset
+.Pp
+Very special commands (non-POSIX mode)
+.Pp
+.Ic alias , readonly , set , typset
+.Pp
+POSIX regular commands
+.Pp
+.Ic alias , bg , cd , command ,
+.Ic false , fc , fg , getopts ,
+.Ic jobs , kill , read , true ,
+.Ic umask , unalias , wait
+.Pp
+Additional ksh regular commands
+.Pp
+.Ic \&[ , echo , let , print ,
+.Ic pwd , test , ulimit , whence
+.Pp
+In the future, the additional ksh special and regular commands may be treated
+differently from the POSIX special and regular commands.
+.Pp
 Once the type of the command has been determined, any command line parameter
 assignments are performed and exported for the duration of the command.
-.PP
-The following describes the special and regular built-in commands:
-.\"{{{  . file [ arg1 ... ]
-.IP "\fB\&.\fP \fIfile\fP [\fIarg1\fP ...]"
-Execute the commands in \fIfile\fP in the current environment.
-The file is searched for in the directories of \fBPATH\fP.
-If arguments are given, the positional parameters may be used to
-access them while \fIfile\fP is being executed.
-If no arguments are given, the positional parameters are those of the
-environment the command is used in.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  : [ ... ]
-.IP "\fB:\fP [ ... ]"
-The null command.
-Exit status is set to zero.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  alias [ -d | +-t [ -r ] ] [+-px] [+-] [name1[=value1] ...]
-.IP "\fBalias\fP [ \fB\-d\fP | \fB\(+-t\fP [\fB\-r\fP] ] [\fB\(+-px\fP] [\fB\(+-\fP] [\fIname1\fP[\fB=\fP\fIvalue1\fP] ...]"
-Without arguments, \fBalias\fP lists all aliases.
-For any name without a value, the existing alias is listed.
-Any name with a value defines an alias (see Aliases above).
-.sp
-When listing aliases, one of two formats is used: 
-normally, aliases are listed as \fIname\fP\fB=\fP\fIvalue\fP, where
-\fIvalue\fP is quoted; if options were preceded with \fB+\fP 
-or a lone \fB+\fP is given on the command line, only \fIname\fP
-is printed.
-In addition, if the \fB\-p\fP option is used, each alias
-is prefixed with the string "\fBalias\fP\ ".
-.sp
-The \fB\-x\fP option sets (\fB+x\fP clears) the export attribute of an alias,
-or, if no names are given, lists the aliases with the export attribute
-(exporting an alias has no effect).
-.sp
-The \fB\-x\fP option sets the export attribute of an alias, or, if no
-names are given, lists the aliases with the export attribute
-(exporting an alias currently has no effect).
-.sp
-The \fB\-t\fP option indicates that tracked aliases are to be listed/set
-(values specified on the command line are ignored for tracked aliases).
-The \fB\-r\fP option indicates that all tracked aliases are to be reset.
-.sp
-The \fB\-d\fP causes directory aliases, which are used in tilde expansion,
-to be listed or set (see Tilde Expansion above).
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  bg [job ...]
-.IP "\fBbg\fP [\fIjob\fP ...]"
-Resume the specified stopped job(s) in the background.
-If no jobs are specified, \fB%+\fP is assumed.
-This command is only available on systems which support job control.
-See Job Control below for more information.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  bind [-l] [-m] [key[=editing-command] ...]
-.IP "\fBbind\fP [\fB\-m\fP] [\fIkey\fP[\fB=\fP\fIediting-command\fP] ...]"
-Set or view the current emacs command editing key bindings/macros.
-See Emacs Interactive Input Line Editing below for a complete description.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  break [level]
-.IP "\fBbreak\fP [\fIlevel\fP]"
-\fBbreak\fP exits the \fIlevel\fPth inner most for, select, until, or while
+.Pp
+The following described the special and regular built-in commands:
+.Bl -tag -width Ds
+.It Ic \&. Ar file Op Ar arg1 ...
+Execute the commands in
+.Ar file
+in the current environment. The file is searched for in the directories of
+.Ev PATH .
+If arguments are given, the positional parameters may be used to access them
+while
+.Ar file
+is being executed. If no arguments are given, the positional parameters are
+those of the environment the command is used in.
+.It Ic \&: Op Ar ...
+The null command. Exit status is set to zero.
+.It Xo Ic alias No [\ -d\ |\ +-t\ [-r]\ ]\ [+-px]\ [+-]
+.Sm off
+.Op Ar name1 No [= Ar value1 No \&]\ \&.\&.\&.
+.Sm on
+.Xc
+Without arguments,
+.Ic alias
+lists all aliases. For any name without a value, the existing alias is listed.
+Any name with a value defines an alias (see
+.Sx Aliases
+above).
+.Pp
+When listing aliases, one of two formats is used. Normally, aliases are listed
+as
+.Ar name Ns No = Ar value ,
+where
+.Ar value
+is quoted. If options were preceded with
+.Dq \&+ ,
+or a lone \&+ is given on the command line, only
+.Ar name
+is printed. In addition, if the
+.Fl p
+option is used, each alias is prefixed with the string
+.Dq alias\ \& .
+.Pp
+The
+.Fl x
+option sets
+.Po Ic \&+x
+\ clears
+.Pc
+the export attribute of an alias, or, if no names are given, lists the aliases
+with the export attribute (exporting an alias has no effect).
+.Pp
+The
+.Fl t
+option indicates that tracked aliases are to be listed/set (values specified on
+the command line are ignored for tracked aliases). The
+.Fl r
+option indicates that all tracked aliases are to be reset.
+.Pp
+The
+.Fl d
+option causes directory aliases, which are used in tilde expansion, to be
+listed or set (see
+.Sx Tilde expansion
+above).
+.It Ic bg Op Ar job ...
+Resume the specified stopped job(s) in the background. If no jobs are
+specified,
+.Ic %\&+
+is assumed. This command is only available on systems which support job
+control (see
+.Sx Job control
+below for more information).
+.It Xo Ic bind [ \&-m ]
+.Sm off
+.Oo Ar key No [= Ar editing-command No ]\ ... Oc
+.Xc
+.Sm on
+Set or view the current emacs command editing key bindings/macros (see
+.Sx Emacs interactive input line editing
+below for a complete description).
+.It Ic break Op Ar level
+Exit the
+.Ar level Ns th
+inner-most
+.Ic for ,
+.Ic select ,
+.Ic until ,
+or
+.Ic while
+loop.
+.Ar level
+defaults to 1.
+.It Ic builtin Ar command Op Ar arg1 ...
+Execute the built-in command
+.Ar command .
+.It Xo Ic cd Op Fl LP
+.Op Ar dir
+.Xc
+Set the working directory to
+.Ar dir .
+If the parameter
+.Ev CDPATH
+is set, it lists the search path for the directory containing
+.Ar dir .
+A
+.Dv NULL
+path means the current directory. If
+.Ar dir
+is found in any component of the
+.Ev CDPATH
+search path other than the
+.Dv NULL
+path, the name of the new working directory will be written to standard output.
+If
+.Ar dir
+is missing, the home directory
+.Ev HOME
+is used. If
+.Ar dir
+is
+.Dq \&- ,
+the previous working directory is used (see
+.Ev OLDPWD
+parameter). If the
+.Fl L
+option (logical path) is used or if the
+.Ic physical
+option (see
+.Ic set
+command below) isn't set, references to
+.Dq \&.\&.
+in
+.Ar dir
+are relative to the path used to get to the directory. If the
+.Fl P
+option (physical path) is used or if the
+.Ic physical
+option is set,
+.Dq \&.\&.
+is relative to the filesystem directory tree. The
+.Ev PWD
+and
+.Ev OLDPWD
+parameters are updated to reflect the current and old working directory,
+respectively.
+.It Xo Ic cd Op Fl LP
+.Ar old new
+.Xc
+The string
+.Ar new
+is substituted for
+.Ar old
+in the current directory, and the shell attempts to change to the new
+directory.
+.It Xo Ic command Op Fl pvV
+.Ar cmd Op Ar arg1 ...
+.Xc
+If neither the
+.Fl v
+nor
+.Fl V
+options are given,
+.Ar cmd
+is executed exactly as if the
+.Ic command
+had not been specified, with two exceptions. First,
+.Ar cmd
+cannot be a shell function, and second, special built-in commands lose their
+specialness (i.e., redirection and utility errors do not cause the shell to
+exit, and command assignments are not permanent). If the
+.Fl p
+option is given, a default search path is used instead of the current value of
+.Ev PATH
+(the actual value of the default path is system dependent; on POSIXish systems,
+it is the value returned by
+.Ic getconf CS_PATH ) .
+.Pp
+If the
+.Fl v
+option is given, instead of executing
+.Ar cmd ,
+information about what would be executed is given (and the same is done for
+.Ar arg1 ... ) .
+For special and regular built-in commands and functions, their names are simply
+printed; for aliases, a command that defines them is printed; and for commands
+found by searching the
+.Ev PATH
+parameter, the full path of the command is printed. If no command is found
+(i.e., the path search fails), nothing is printed and
+.Ic command
+exits with a non-zero status. The
+.Fl V
+option is like the
+.Fl v
+option, except it is more verbose.
+.It Ic continue Op Ar level
+Jumps to the beginning of the
+.Ar level Ns th
+inner-most
+.Ic for ,
+.Ic select ,
+.Ic until ,
+or
+.Ic while
 loop.
-\fIlevel\fP defaults to 1.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  builtin command [arg1 ...]
-.IP "\fBbuiltin\fP \fIcommand\fP [\fIarg1\fP ...]"
-Execute the built-in command \fIcommand\fP.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  cd [-LP] [dir]
-.IP "\fBcd\fP [\fB\-LP\fP] [\fIdir\fP]"
-Set the working directory to \fIdir\fP.  If the parameter \fBCDPATH\fP
-is set, it lists directories to search in for \fIdir\fP.
-\fIdir\fP.  An empty entry in the \fBCDPATH\fP entry means the current
-directory.  If a non-empty directory from \fBCDPATH\fP is used, the resulting
-full path is printed to standard output.  If \fIdir\fP is found in any
-component of the \fBCDPATH\fP search path other than the null path the name
-of the new working directory will be written to standard output. If
-\fIdir\fP is missing, the home directory \fB$HOME\fP is used.  If \fIdir\fP
-is \fB\-\fP, the previous working directory is used (see OLDPWD parameter).
-If \fB\-L\fP option (logical path) is used or if the \fBphysical\fP option
-(see \fBset\fP command below) isn't set, references to \fB..\fP in \fIdir\fP
-are relative to the path used get to the directory.
-If \fB\-P\fP option (physical path) is used or if the \fBphysical\fP option
-is set, \fB..\fP is relative to the filesystem directory tree.
-The \fBPWD\fP and \fBOLDPWD\fP parameters are updated to reflect the
-current and old wording directory, respectively.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  cd [-LP] old new
-.IP "\fBcd\fP [\fB\-LP\fP] \fIold new\fP"
-The string \fInew\fP is substituted for \fIold\fP in the current
-directory, and the shell attempts to change to the new directory.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  command [ -pvV ] cmd [arg1 ...]
-.IP "\fBcommand\fP [\fB\-pvV\fP] \fIcmd\fP [\fIarg1\fP ...]"
-If neither the \fB\-v\fP nor \fB\-V\fP options are given,
-\fIcmd\fP
-is executed exactly as if the \fBcommand\fP had not been specified,
-with two exceptions: first, \fIcmd\fP cannot be a shell function, and
-second, special built-in commands lose their specialness (\fIi.e.\fP,
-redirection and utility errors do not cause the shell to exit, and command
-assignments are not permanent).
-If the \fB\-p\fP option is given, a default search path is used instead of
-the current value of \fBPATH\fP (the actual value of the default path is
-system dependent: on POSIXish systems, it is the value returned by
-.ce
-\fBgetconf CS_PATH\fP
-).
-.sp
-If the \fB\-v\fP option is given, instead of executing \fIcmd\fP, information
-about what would be executed is given (and the same is done for
-\fIarg1\fP ...):
-for special and regular built-in commands and functions,
-their names are simply printed,
-for aliases, a command that defines them is printed,
-and for commands found by searching the \fBPATH\fP parameter,
-the full path of the command is printed.
-If no command is be found, (\fIi.e.\fP, the path search fails), nothing
-is printed and \fBcommand\fP exits with a non-zero status.
-The \fB\-V\fP option is like the \fB\-v\fP option, except it is more verbose.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  continue [levels]
-.IP "\fBcontinue\fP [\fIlevels\fP]"
-\fBcontinue\fP jumps to the beginning of the \fIlevel\fPth inner most for,
-select, until, or while loop.
-\fIlevel\fP defaults to 1.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  echo [-neE] [arg ...]
-.IP "\fBecho\fP [\fB\-neE\fP] [\fIarg\fP ...]"
-Prints its arguments (separated by spaces) followed by a newline, to
-standard out.
-The newline is suppressed if any of the arguments contain the backslash
-sequence \fB\ec\fP.
-See \fBprint\fP command below for a list of other backslash sequences
-that are recognized.
-.sp
-The options are provided for compatibility with BSD shell scripts:
-\fB\-n\fP suppresses the trailing newline, \fB\-e\fP enables backslash
-interpretation (a no-op, since this is normally done), and \fB\-E\fP which
-suppresses backslash interpretation.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  eval command ...
-.IP "\fBeval\fP \fIcommand ...\fP"
-The arguments are concatenated (with spaces between them) to form
-a single string which the shell then parses and executes
-in the current environment.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  exec [command [arg ...]]
-.IP "\fBexec\fP [\fIcommand\fP [\fIarg\fP ...]]"
+.Ar level
+defaults to 1.
+.It Xo Ic echo Op Fl neE
+.Op Ar arg ...
+.Xc
+Prints its arguments (separated by spaces) followed by a newline, to the
+standard output. The newline is suppressed if any of the arguments contain the
+backslash sequence
+.Dq \ec .
+See the
+.Ic print
+command below for a list of other backslash sequences that are recognized.
+.Pp
+The options are provided for compatibility with
+.Bx
+shell scripts. The
+.Fl n
+option suppresses the trailing newline,
+.Fl e
+enables backslash interpretation (a no-op, since this is normally done), and
+.Fl E
+which suppresses backslash interpretation.
+.It Ic eval Ar command ...
+The arguments are concatenated (with spaces between them) to form a single
+string which the shell then parses and executes in the current environment.
+.It Xo Ic exec
+.Op Ar command Op Ar arg ...
+.Xc
 The command is executed without forking, replacing the shell process.
-.sp
-If no arguments are given, any IO redirection is permanent and the shell
-is not replaced.
-Any file descriptors greater than 2 which are opened or \fIdup\fP(2)-ed
-in this way are not
-made available to other executed commands (\fIi.e.\fP,
-commands that are not built-in to the shell).
-Note that the Bourne shell differs here: it does pass these
-file descriptors on.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  exit [status]
-.IP "\fBexit\fP [\fIstatus\fP]"
-The shell exits with the specified exit status.
-If \fIstatus\fP is not specified, the exit status is the current
-value of the \fB?\fP parameter.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  export [-p] [parameter[=value] ...]
-.IP "\fBexport\fP [\fB\-p\fP] [\fIparameter\fP[\fB=\fP\fIvalue\fP]] ..."
-Sets the export attribute of the named parameters.
-Exported parameters are passed in the environment to executed commands.
-If values are specified, the named parameters also assigned.
-.sp
+.Pp
+If no arguments are given, and I/O redirection is permanent and the shell is
+not replaced. Any file descriptors greater than 2 which are opened or
+.Xr dup 2 Ns 'd
+in this way are not made available to other executed commands (i.e., commands
+that are not built-in to the shell). Note that the Bourne shell differs here;
+it does pass these file descriptors on.
+.It Ic exit Op Ar status
+The shell exits with the specified exit status. If
+.Ar status
+is not specified, the exit status is the current value of the
+.Ic \&?
+parameter.
+.It Xo Ic export Op Fl p
+.Op Ar parameter Ns Op \&= Ns Ar value
+.Xc
+Sets the export attribute of the named parameters. Exported parameters are
+passed in the environment to executed commands. If values are specified, the
+named parameters are also assigned.
+.Pp
 If no parameters are specified, the names of all parameters with the export
-attribute are printed one per line, unless the \fB\-p\fP option is used,
-in which case \fBexport\fP commands defining all exported
-parameters, including their values, are printed.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  false
-.IP "\fBfalse\fP"
+attribute are printed one per line, unless the
+.Fl p
+option is used, in which case
+.Ic export
+commands defining all exported parameters, including their values, are printed.
+.It Ic false
 A command that exits with a non-zero status.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  fc [-e editor | -l [-n]] [-r] [first [ last ]]
-.IP "\fBfc\fP [\fB\-e\fP \fIeditor\fP | \fB\-l\fP [\fB\-n\fP]] [\fB\-r\fP] [\fIfirst\fP [\fIlast\fP]]"
-\fIfirst\fP and \fIlast\fP select commands from the history.
-Commands can be selected by
-history number, or a string specifying the most recent command starting
-with that string.  The \fB\-l\fP option lists the command on stdout,
-and \fB\-n\fP inhibits the default command numbers.  The \fB\-r\fP
-option reverses the order of the list.  Without \fB\-l\fP, the selected
-commands are edited by the editor specified with the \fB\-e\fP
-option, or if no \fB\-e\fP is specified, the editor specified by the
-\fBFCEDIT\fP parameter (if this parameter is not set, \fB/bin/ed\fP is used),
-and then executed by the shell.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  fc [-e - | -s] [-g] [old=new] [prefix]
-.IP "\fBfc\fP [\fB\-e \-\fP | \fB\-s\fP] [\fB\-g\fP] [\fIold\fP\fB=\fP\fInew\fP] [\fIprefix\fP]"
+.It Xo Ic fc No [-e\ editor\ |\ -l\ [-n]]\ [-r]
+.Op Ar first Op Ar last
+.Xc
+.Ar first
+and
+.Ar last
+select commands from the history. Commands can be selected by history number
+or a string specifying the most recent command starting with that string. The
+.Fl l
+option lists the command on stdout, and
+.Fl n
+inhibits the default command numbers. The
+.Fl r
+option reverses the order of the list. Without
+.Fl l ,
+the selected commands are edited by the editor specified with the
+.Fl e
+option, or if no
+.Fl e
+is specified, the editor specified by the
+.Ev FCEDIT
+parameter (if this parameter is not set,
+.Pa /bin/ed
+is used), and then executed by the shell.
+.It Xo Ic fc No [-e\ -\ |\ -s]\ [-g]\ [old=new]\&
+.Op Ar prefix
+.Xc
 Re-execute the selected command (the previous command by default) after
-performing the optional substitution of \fIold\fP with \fInew\fP.  If
-\fB\-g\fP is specified, all occurrences of \fIold\fP are replaced with
-\fInew\fP.  This command is usually accessed with the predefined alias
-\fBr='fc \-e \-'\fP.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  fg [job ...]
-.IP "\fBfg\fP [\fIjob\fP ...]"
-Resume the specified job(s) in the foreground.
-If no jobs are specified, \fB%+\fP is assumed.
-This command is only available on systems which support job control.
-See Job Control below for more information.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  getopts optstring name [arg ...]
-.IP "\fBgetopts\fP \fIoptstring\fP \fIname\fP [\fIarg\fP ...]"
-\fBgetopts\fP is used by shell procedures to parse the specified arguments
-(or positional parameters, if no arguments are given) and to check for legal
-options.
-\fIoptstring\fP contains the option letters that
-\fBgetopts\fP is to recognize.  If a letter is followed by a colon, the
-option is expected to have an argument.
-Options that do not take arguments may be grouped in a single argument.
-If an option takes an argument and the option character is not the last
-character of the argument it is found in, the remainder of the argument
-is taken to be the option's argument, otherwise, the next argument is
-the option's argument.
-.sp
-Each time \fBgetopts\fP is invoked, it places the next option in
-the shell parameter \fIname\fP and the index of the next argument to be
-processed in the shell parameter \fBOPTIND\fP.
-If the option was introduced with a \fB+\fP, the option placed in
-\fIname\fP is prefixed with a \fB+\fP.
-When an option requires an argument, \fBgetopts\fP places it in the
-shell parameter \fBOPTARG\fP.
-When an illegal option or a missing option argument is
-encountered a question mark or a colon is placed in \fIname\fP
-(indicating an illegal option or missing argument, respectively)
-and \fBOPTARG\fP is set to the option character that caused the problem.
-An error message is also printed to standard error if \fIoptstring\fP
-does not begin with a colon.
-.sp
-When the end of the options is encountered, \fBgetopts\fP exits with a
-non-zero exit status.
-Options end at the first (non-option argument) argument that does not
-start with a \-, or when a \fB\-\-\fP argument is encountered.
-.sp
-Option parsing can be reset by setting \fBOPTIND\fP to 1 (this is done
-automatically whenever the shell or a shell procedure is invoked).
-.sp
-Warning: Changing the value of the shell parameter \fBOPTIND\fP to
-a value other than 1, or parsing different sets of arguments without
-resetting \fBOPTIND\fP may lead to unexpected results.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  hash [-r] [name ...]
-.IP "\fBhash\fP [\fB\-r\fP] [\fIname ...\fP]"
-Without arguments, any hashed executable command pathnames are listed.
-The \fB\-r\fP option causes all hashed commands to be removed
-from the hash table.
-Each \fIname\fP is searched as if it where a command name and added to the
-hash table if it is an executable command.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  jobs [-lpn] [job ...]
-.IP "\fBjobs\fP [\fB\-lpn\fP] [\fIjob\fP ...]"
-Display information about the specified jobs; if no jobs are specified,
-all jobs are displayed.
-The \fB\-n\fP option causes information to be displayed only for jobs
-that have changed state since the last notification.
-If the \fB\-l\fP option is used, the process-id of each process in a job
-is also listed.
-The \fB\-p\fP option causes only the process group of each job to be printed.
-See Job Control below for the format of \fIjob\fP and the displayed job.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  kill [-s signame | -signum | -signame] { job | pid | -pgrp } ...
-.IP "\fBkill\fP [\fB\-s\fP \fIsigname\fP | \fB\-signum\fP | \fB\-signame\fP ] { \fIjob\fP | \fIpid\fP | \fB\-\fP\fIpgrp\fP } ..."
-Send the specified signal to the specified jobs, process ids, or process groups.
-If no signal is specified, the signal TERM is sent.
-If a job is specified, the signal is sent to the job's process group.
-See Job Control below for the format of \fIjob\fP.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  kill -l [exit-status ...]
-.IP "\fBkill \-l\fP [\fIexit-status\fP ...]"
-Print the name of the signal that killed a process which exited with
-the specified \fIexit-status\fPes.
+performing the optional substitution of
+.Ar old
+with
+.Ar new .
+If
+.Fl g
+is specified, all occurrences of
+.Ar old
+are replaced with
+.Ar new .
+This command is usually accessed with the predefined
+.Ic alias r='fx -e -' .
+.It Ic fg Op Ar job ...
+Resume the specified job(s) in the foreground. If no jobs are specified,
+.Ic %\&+
+is assumed. This command is only available on systems which support job
+control (see
+.Sx Job control
+below for more information).
+.It Xo Ic getopts Ar optstring name
+.Op Ar arg ...
+.Xc
+Used by shell procedures to parse the specified arguments (or positional
+parameters, if no arguments are given) and to check for legal options.
+.Ar optstring
+contains the option letters that
+.Ic getopts
+is to recognize. If a letter is followed by a colon, the option is expected to
+ahve an argument. Options that do not take arguments may be grouped in a single
+argument. If an option takes an argument and the option character is not the
+last character of the argument it is found in, the remainder of the argument is
+taken to be the option's argument, otherwise, the next argument is the option's
+argument.
+.Pp
+Each time
+.Ic getopts
+is invoked, it places the next option in the shell parameter
+.Ar name
+and the index of the next argument to be processed in the shell parameter
+.Ev OPTIND .
+If the option was introduced with a
+.Dq \&+ ,
+the option places in
+.Ar name
+is prefixed with a
+.Dq \&+ .
+When an option requires an argument,
+.Ic getopts
+places it in the shell parameter
+.Ev OPTARG .
+When an illegal option or a missing option argument is encountered, a question
+mark or a colon is placed in
+.Ar name
+(indicating an illegal option or missing argument, respectively) and
+.Ev OPTAG
+is set to the option character that caused the problem. An error message is
+also printed to standard error if
+.Ar optstring
+does not being with a colon.
+.Pp
+When the end of the options is encountered,
+.Ic getopts
+exits with a non-zero exit status. Options end at the first (non-option
+argument) argument that does not start with a
+.Dq \&- ,
+or when a
+.Dq \&-\&-
+argument is encountered.
+.Pp
+Option parsing can be reset by setting
+.Ev OPTIND
+to 1 (this is done automatically whenever the shell or a shell procedure is
+invoked).
+.Pp
+Warning: Changing the value of the shell parameter
+.Ev OPTIND
+to a value other than 1, or parsing different sets of arguments without
+resetting
+.Ev OPTIND
+may lead to unexpected results.
+.It Xo Ic hash Op Fl r
+.Op Ar name ...
+.Xc
+Without arguments, any hashed executable command pathnames are listed. The
+.Fl r
+option causes all hashed commands to be removed from the hash table. Each
+.Ar name
+is searched as if it were a command name and added to the hash table if it is
+an executable command.
+.It Xo Ic jobs Op Fl lpn
+.Op Ar job ...
+.Xc
+Display information about the specified job(s); if no jobs are specified, all
+jobs are displayed. The
+.Fl n
+option causes information to be displayed only for jobs that have changed
+state since the last notification. If the
+.Fl l
+option is used, the process ID of each process in a job is also listed. The
+.Fl p
+option causes only the process group of each job to be printed. See
+.Sx Job control
+below for the format of
+.Ar job
+and the displayed job.
+.It Xo Ic kill No [-s\ signame\ |\ -signum\ |\ -signame\ ]\ {\ job\ |\ pid\ |
+.No -pgrp\ }\ \&.\&.\&.
+.Xc
+Send the specified signal to the specified jobs, process IDs, or process
+groups. If no signal is specified, the
+.Dv TERM
+signal is sent. If a job is specified, the signal is sent to the job's
+process group. See
+.Sx Job control
+below for the format of
+.Ar job .
+.It Ic kill -l Op Ar exit-status ...
+Print the name of the signal that killed a process which exited with the
+specified
+.Ar exit-status Ns es.
 If no arguments are specified, a list of all the signals, their numbers and
 a short description of them are printed.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  let [expression ...]
-.IP "\fBlet\fP [\fIexpression\fP ...]"
-Each expression is evaluated, see Arithmetic Expressions above.
-If all expressions are successfully evaluated, the exit status
-is 0 (1) if the last expression evaluated to non-zero (zero).
-If an error occurs during the parsing or evaluation of an expression,
-the exit status is greater than 1.
-Since expressions may need to be
-quoted, \fB((\fP \fIexpr\fP \fB))\fP is syntactic sugar for \fBlet
-"\fP\fIexpr\fP\fB"\fP.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  print [-nprsun | -R [-en]] [argument ...]
-.IP "\fBprint\fP [\fB\-nprsu\fP\fIn\fP | \fB\-R\fP [\fB\-en\fP]] [\fIargument ...\fP]"
-\fBPrint\fP prints its arguments on the standard output, separated by
-spaces, and terminated with a newline.  The \fB\-n\fP option suppresses
-the newline.  By default, certain C escapes are translated.  These
-include \eb, \ef, \en, \er, \et, \ev, and \e0### (# is an octal digit, of
-which there may be 0 to 3).
-\ec is equivalent to using the \fB\-n\fP option.  \e expansion may be
-inhibited with the \fB\-r\fP option.
-The \fB\-s\fP option prints to the history file instead of standard output,
-the \fB\-u\fP option prints to file descriptor \fIn\fP (\fIn\fP
-defaults to 1 if omitted), and the \fB\-p\fP option prints to the co-process
-(see Co-Processes above).
-.sp
-The \fB\-R\fP option is used to emulate, to some degree, the BSD echo
-command, which does not process \e sequences unless the \fB\-e\fP option
-is given.
-As above, the \fB\-n\fP option suppresses the trailing newline.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  pwd [-LP]
-.IP "\fBpwd\fP [\fB\-LP\fP]"
-Print the present working directory.
-If \fB\-L\fP option is used or if the \fBphysical\fP option
-(see \fBset\fP command below) isn't set, the logical path is printed
-(\fIi.e.\fP, the path used to \fBcd\fP to the current directory).
-If \fB\-P\fP option (physical path) is used or if the \fBphysical\fP option
-is set, the path determined from the filesystem (by following \fB..\fP
+.It Ic let Op Ar expression ...
+Each expression is evaluated (see
+.Sx Arithmetic expressions
+above). If all expressions are successfully evaluated, the exit status is 0 (1)
+if the last expression evaluated to non-zero (zero). If an error occurs during
+the parsing or evaluation of an expression, the exit status is greater than 1.
+Since expressions may need to be quoted,
+.Ic (( Ar expr Ic ))
+is syntactic sugar for
+.Ic let \&" Ns Ar expr Ns Ic \&" .
+.It Xo Ic print Oo Fl nprsu Ns Ar n
+.Li | Fl R No [-en] Oc [argument\ ...]
+.Xc
+.Ic print
+prints its arguments on the standard output, separated by spaces, and
+terminated with a newline. The
+.Fl n
+option suppresses the newline. By default, certain C escapes are translated.
+These include
+.Dq \eb ,
+.Dq \ef ,
+.Dq \en ,
+.Dq \er ,
+.Dq \et ,
+.Dq \ev ,
+and
+.Dq \e0###
+.Po
+.Dq #
+is an octal digit, of which there may be 0 to 3
+.Pc .
+.Dq \ec
+is equivalent to using the
+.Fl n
+option.
+.Dq \e
+expansion may be inhibited with the
+.Fl r
+option. The
+.Fl s
+option prints to the history file instead of standard output, the
+.Fl u
+option prints to file descriptor
+.Ar n
+.Po
+.Ar n
+defaults to 1 if omitted
+.Pc ,
+and the
+.Fl p
+option prints to the co-process (see
+.Sx Co-processes
+above).
+.Pp
+The
+.Fl R
+option is used to emulate, to some degree, the
+.Bx
+.Xr echo
+command, which does not process
+.Dq \e
+sequences unless the
+.Fl e
+option is given. As above, the
+.Fl n
+option suppresses the trailing newline.
+.It Ic pwd Op Fl LP
+Print the present working directory. If the
+.Fl L
+option is used or if the
+.Ic physical
+option (see
+.Ic set
+command below) isn't set, the logical path is printed (i.e., the path used to
+.Ic cd
+to the current directory). If the
+.Fl P
+option (physical path) is used or if the
+.Ic physical
+option is set, the path determined from the filesystem (by following
+.Dq \&.\&.
 directories to the root directory) is printed.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  read [-prsun] [parameter ...]
-.IP "\fBread\fP [\fB\-prsu\fP\fIn\fP] [\fIparameter ...\fP]"
-Reads a line of input from standard input, separate the line into fields using
-the \fBIFS\fP parameter (see Substitution above), and assign each field to the
-specified parameters.
-If there are more parameters than fields, the extra parameters are set to null,
+.It Xo Ic read Oo Fl prsu Ns Ar n
+.Oc Op Ar parameter ...
+.Xc
+Reads a line of input from the standard input, separates the line into fields
+using the
+.Ev IFS
+parameter (see
+.Sx Substitution
+above), and assigns each field to the specified parameters. If there are more
+parameters than fields, the extra parameters are set to
+.Dv NULL ,
 or alternatively, if there are more fields than parameters, the last parameter
-is assigned the remaining fields (inclusive of any separating spaces).
-If no parameters are specified, the \fBREPLY\fP parameter is used.
-If the input line ends in a backslash and the \fB\-r\fP option was not used, the
-backslash and newline are stripped and more input is read.
-If no input is read, \fBread\fP exits with a non-zero status.
-.sp
+is assigned the remaining fields (inclusive of any separating spaces). If no
+parameters are specified, the
+.Ev REPLY
+parameter is used. If the input line ends in a backslash and the
+.Fl r
+option was not used, the backslash and the newline are stripped and more input
+is read. If no input is read,
+.Ic read
+exits with a non-zero status.
+.Pp
 The first parameter may have a question mark and a string appended to it, in
 which case the string is used as a prompt (printed to standard error before
-any input is read) if the input is a tty
-(\fIe.g.\fP, \fBread nfoo?'number of foos: '\fP).
-.sp
-The \fB\-u\fP\fIn\fP and \fB\-p\fP options cause input to be read
-from file descriptor \fIn\fP or the current co-process (see Co-Processes above
-for comments on this), respectively.
-If the \fB\-s\fP option is used, input is saved to the history file.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  readonly [-p] [parameter[=value] ...]
-.IP "\fBreadonly\fP [\fB\-p\fP] [\fIparameter\fP[\fB=\fP\fIvalue\fP]] ..."
-Sets the readonly attribute of the named parameters.  If values are given,
-parameters are set to them before setting the attribute.
-Once a parameter is made readonly, it cannot be unset and its value cannot
-be changed.
-.sp
-If no parameters are specified, the names of all parameters with the readonly
-attribute are printed one per line, unless the \fB\-p\fP option is used,
-in which case \fBreadonly\fP commands defining all readonly
-parameters, including their values, are printed.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  return [status]
-.IP "\fBreturn\fP [\fIstatus\fP]"
-Returns from a function or \fB.\fP script, with exit status \fIstatus\fP.
-If no \fIstatus\fP is given, the exit status of the last executed command
-is used.
-If used outside of a function or \fB.\fP script, it has the same effect
-as \fBexit\fP.
-Note that pdksh treats both profile and \fB$ENV\fP files as \fB.\fP scripts,
-while the original Korn shell only treats profiles as \fB.\fP scripts.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  set [+-abCefhkmnpsuvxX] [+-o [option]] [+-A name] [--] [arg ...]
-.IP "\fBset\fP [\fB\(+-abCefhkmnpsuvxX\fP] [\fB\(+-o\fP [\fIoption\fP]] [\fB\(+-A\fP \fIname\fP] [\fB\-\-\fP] [\fIarg\fP ...]"
-The set command can be used to set (\fB\-\fP) or clear (\fB+\fP) shell options,
-set the positional parameters, or set an array parameter.
-Options can be changed using the \fB\(+-o\fP \fIoption\fP syntax,
-where \fIoption\fP is the long name of an option, or using
-the \fB\(+-\fP\fIletter\fP syntax, where \fIletter\fP is the
-option's single letter name (not all options have a single letter name).
+any input is read) if the input is a tty (e.g.,
+.Ic read nfoo?'number of foos: ' ) .
+.Pp
+The
+.Fl u Ns Ar n
+and
+.Fl p
+options cause input to be read from file descriptor
+.Ar n
+or the current co-process (see
+.Sx Co-processes
+above for comments on this), respectively. If the
+.Fl s
+option is used, input is saved to the history file.
+.It Xo Ic readonly Op Fl p
+.Sm off
+.Oo Ar parameter Op = Ar value Oc \ ...
+.Sm on
+.Xc
+Sets the read-only attribute of the named parameters. If values are given,
+parameters are set to them before setting the attribute. Once a parameter is
+made read-only, it cannot be unset and its value cannot be changed.
+.Pp
+If no parameters are specified, the names of all parameters with the read-only
+attribute are printed one per line, unless the
+.Fl p
+option is used, in which case
+.Ic readonly
+commands defining all read-only parameters, including their values, are
+printed.
+.It Ic return Op Ar status
+Returns from a function or
+.Ic \&.
+script, with exit status
+.Ar status .
+If no
+.Ar status
+is given, the exit status of the last executed command is used. If used
+outside of a function or
+.Ic \&.
+script, it has the same effect as
+.Ic exit .
+Note that
+.Nm pdksh
+treats both profile and
+.Ev ENV
+files as
+.Ic \&.
+scripts, while the original Korn shell only treats profiles as
+.Ic \&.
+scripts.
+.It Xo Ic set No [+-abCefhkmnpsuvxX]\ [+-o\ [option]]\ [+-A\ name]\ [--]\&
+.Op Ar arg ...
+.Xc
+The set command can be used to set
+.Pq Ic \&-
+or clear
+.Pq Ic \&+
+shell options, set the positional parameters, or set an array parameter.
+Options can be changed using the
+.Ic \&+ Ns Fl o Ar option
+syntax, where
+.Ar option
+is the long name of an option, or using the
+.Ic \&+\&- Ns Ar letter
+syntax, where
+.Ar letter
+is the option's single letter name (not all options have a single letter name).
 The following table lists both option letters (if they exist) and long names
-along with a description of what the option does.
-.sp
-.TS
-expand;
-afB lfB lw(3i).
-\-A		T{
-Sets the elements of the array parameter \fIname\fP to \fIarg\fP ...;
-If \fB\-A\fP is used, the array is reset (\fIi.e.\fP, emptied) first;
-if \fB+A\fP is used, the first N elements are set (where N is the number
-of \fIarg\fPs), the rest are left untouched.
-T}
-\-a	allexport	T{
-all new parameters are created with the export attribute
-T}
-\-b	notify	T{
+along with a description of what the option does:
+.Bl -tag -width 15n
+.It Fl A
+Sets the elements of the array parameter
+.Ar name
+to
+.Ar arg ... .
+If
+.Fl A
+is used, the array is reset (i.e., emptied) first; if
+.Ic \&+A
+is used, the first N elements are set (where N is the number of
+.Ar arg Ns s ) ,
+the rest are left untouched.
+.It Fl a Ic allexport
+All new parameters are created with the export attribute.
+.It Fl b Ic notify
 Print job notification messages asynchronously, instead of just before the
-prompt.
-Only used if job control is enabled (\fB\-m\fP).
-T}
-\-C	noclobber	T{
-Prevent \fB>\fP redirection from overwriting existing files (\fB>|\fP must
-be used to force an overwrite).
-T}
-\-e	errexit	T{
-Exit (after executing the \fBERR\fP trap) as soon as an error occurs or
-a command fails (\fIi.e.\fP, exits with a non-zero status).
-This does not apply to commands whose exit status is explicitly tested by a
-shell construct such as \fBif\fP, \fBuntil\fP, \fBwhile\fP, \fB&&\fP or
-\fB||\fP statements.
-T}
-\-f	noglob	T{
+prompt. Only used if job control is enabled
+.Pq Fl m .
+.It Fl C Ic noclobber
+Prevent
+.Ic \&>
+redirection from overwriting existing files
+.Po
+.Ic \&>\&|
+must be used to force an overwrite
+.Pc .
+.It Fl e Ic errexit
+Exit (after executing the
+.Dv ERR
+trap) as soon as an error occurs or a command fails (i.e., exits with a
+non-zero status). This does not apply to commands whose exit status is
+explicitly tested by a shell construct such as
+.Ic if ,
+.Ic until ,
+.Ic while ,
+.Ic \&&\&& ,
+or
+.Ic \&|\&|
+statements.
+.It Fl f Ic noglob
 Do not expand file name patterns.
-T}
-\-h	trackall	T{
-Create tracked aliases for all executed commands (see Aliases above).
-On by default for non-interactive shells.
-T}
-\-i	interactive	T{
-Enable interactive mode \- this can only be set/unset when the shell is
-invoked.
-T}
-\-k	keyword	T{
+.It Fl h Ic trackall
+Create tracked aliases for all executed commands (see
+.Sx Aliases
+above). Enabled by default for non-interactive shells.
+.It Fl i Ic interactive
+Enable interactive mode. This can only be set/unset when the shell is invoked.
+.It Fl k Ic keyword
 Parameter assignments are recognized anywhere in a command.
-T}
-\-l	login	T{
-The shell is a login shell \- this can only be set/unset when the shell is
-invoked (see Shell Startup above).
-T}
-\-m	monitor	T{
+.It Fl l Ic login
+The shell is a login shell. This can only be set/unset when the shell is
+invoked (see
+.Sx Shell startup
+above).
+.It Fl m Ic monitor
 Enable job control (default for interactive shells).
-T}
-\-n	noexec	T{
-Do not execute any commands \- useful for checking the syntax of scripts
+.It Fl n lc noexec
+Do not execute any commands. Useful for checking the syntax of scripts
 (ignored if interactive).
-T}
-\-p	privileged	T{
-Set automatically if, when the shell starts, the read uid or gid does not
-match the effective uid or gid, respectively.
-See Shell Startup above for a description of what this
-means.
-T}
--r	restricted	T{
-Enable restricted mode \(em this option can only be used when the shell is
-invoked.  See Shell Startup above for a description of what this
-means.
-T}
-\-s	stdin	T{
-If used when the shell is invoked, commands are read from standard input.
-Set automatically if the shell is invoked with no arguments.
-.sp
-When \fB\-s\fP is used in the \fBset\fP command, it causes the specified
-arguments to be sorted before assigning them to the positional parameters
-(or to array \fIname\fP, if \fB\-A\fP is used).
-T}
-\-u	nounset	T{
-Referencing of an unset parameter is treated as an error, unless
-one of the \fB\-\fP, \fB+\fP or \fB=\fP modifiers is used.
-T}
-\-v	verbose	T{
+.It Fl p Ic privileged
+Set automatically if, when the shell starts, the read UID or GID does not match
+the effective UID (EUID) or GID (EGID), respectively. See
+.Sx Shell startup
+above for a description of what this means.
+.It Fl r Ic restricted
+Enable restricted mode. This option can only be used when the shell is invoked.
+See
+.Sx Shell startup
+above for a description of what this means.
+.It Fl s Ic stdin
+If used where the shell is invoked, commands are read from standard input. Set
+automatically if the shell is invoked with no arguments.
+.Pp
+When
+.Fl s
+is used with the
+.Ic set
+command it causes the specified arguments to be sorted before assigning them to
+the positional parameters (or to array
+.Ar name ,
+if
+.Fl A
+is used).
+.It Fl u Ic nounset
+Referencing of an unset parameter is treated as an error, unless one of the
+.Dq \&- ,
+.Dq \&+
+or
+.Dq =
+modifiers is used.
+.It Fl v Ic verbose
 Write shell input to standard error as it is read.
-T}
-\-x	xtrace	T{
-Print commands and parameter assignments when they are executed,
-preceded by the value of \fBPS4\fP.
-T}
-\-X	markdirs	T{
-Mark directories with a trailing \fB/\fP during file name generation.
-T}
-	bgnice	T{
+.It Fl x Ic xtrace
+Print commands and parameter assignments when they are executed, preceded by
+the value of
+.Ev PS4 .
+.It Fl X Ic markdirs
+Mark directories with a trailing
+.Dq /
+during file name generation.
+.It Ic bgnice
 Background jobs are run with lower priority.
-T}
-	braceexpand	T{
-Enable brace expansion (aka, alternation).
-T}
-	emacs	T{
-Enable BRL emacs-like command line editing (interactive shells only);
-see Emacs Interactive Input Line Editing.
-T}
-	gmacs	T{
-Enable gmacs-like (Gosling emacs) command line editing (interactive shells
-only);
-currently identical to emacs editing except that transpose (^T) acts
-slightly differently.
-T}
-	ignoreeof	T{
-The shell will not exit on when end-of-file is read, \fBexit\fP must be used.
-T}
-	nohup	T{
-Do not kill running jobs with a \fBHUP\fP signal when a login shell exists.
-Currently set by default, but this will change in the future to be compatible
-with the original Korn shell (which doesn't have this option, but does
-send the \fBHUP\fP signal).
-T}
-	nolog	T{
-No effect \- in the original Korn shell, this prevents function definitions
-from being stored in the history file.
-T}
-	physical	T{
-Causes the \fBcd\fP and \fBpwd\fP commands to use `physical'
-(\fIi.e.\fP, the filesystem's) \fB..\fP directories instead of `logical'
-directories (\fIi.e.\fP,  the shell handles \fB..\fP, which allows the user
-to be oblivious of symlink links to directories).
-Clear by default.  Note that setting
-this option does not effect the current value of the \fBPWD\fP parameter;
-only the \fBcd\fP command changes \fBPWD\fP.
-See the \fBcd\fP and \fBpwd\fP commands above for more details.
-T}
-	posix	T{
-Enable posix mode.  See POSIX Mode above.
-T}
-	vi	T{
+.It Ic braceexapnd
+Enable brace expansion (a.k.a., alternation).
+.It Ic emacs
+Enable BRL emacs-like command line editing (interactive shells only); see
+.Sx Emacs interactive input line editing
+below.
+.It Ic gmacs
+Enable gmacs-like command line editing (interactive shells only). Currently
+identical to emacs editing except that transpose (^T) acts slightly
+differently.
+.It Ic ignoreeof
+The shell will not exit when end-of-file is read;
+.Ic exit
+must be used.
+.It Ic nohup
+Do not kill running jobs with a
+.Dv HUP
+signal when a login shell exists. Currently set by default, but this will
+change in the future to be compatible with the original Korn shell (which
+doesn't have this option, but does send the
+.Dv HUP
+signal).
+.It Ic nolog
+No effect. In the original Korn shell, this prevents function definitions from
+being stored in the history file.
+.It Ic physical
+Causes the
+.Ic cd
+and
+.Ic pwd
+commands to use
+.Dq physical
+(i.e., the filesystem's)
+.Dq \&.\&.
+directories instead of
+.Dq logical
+directories (i.e., the shell handles
+.Dq \&.\&. ,
+which allows the user to be oblivious of symbolic links to directories). Clear
+by default. Note that setting this option does not affect the current value of
+the
+.Ev PWD
+parameter; only the
+.Ic cd
+command changes
+.Ev PWD .
+See the
+.Ic cd
+and
+.Ic pwd
+commands above for more details.
+.It Ic posix
+Enable POSIX mode. See
+.Sx POSIX mode
+above.
+.It Ic vi
 Enable vi-like command line editing (interactive shells only).
-T}
-	viraw	T{
-No effect \- in the original Korn shell, unless viraw was set, the vi command
-line mode would let the tty driver do the work until ESC (^[) was entered.
-pdksh is always in viraw mode.
-T}
-	vi-esccomplete	T{
-In vi command line editing, do command / file name completion when
-escape (^[) is entered in command mode.
-T}
-	vi-show8	T{
-Prefix characters with the eighth bit set with `M-'.
-If this option is not set, characters in the range
-128-160 are printed as is, which may cause problems.
-T}
-	vi-tabcomplete	T{
-In vi command line editing, do command / file name completion when
-tab (^I) is entered in insert mode.
-T}
-.TE
-.sp
-These options can also be used upon invocation of the shell.  The current
-set of options (with single letter names) can be found in the
-parameter \fB\-\fP.
-\fBset -o\fP with no option name will list all the options and whether each
-is on or off; \fBset +o\fP will print the long names of all options that
-are currently on.
-.sp
-Remaining arguments, if any, are positional parameters and are assigned,
-in order, to the
-positional parameters (\fIi.e.\fP, \fB1\fP, \fB2\fP, \fIetc.\fP).
-If options are ended with \fB\-\-\fP and there are no remaining arguments,
-all positional parameters are cleared.
-If no options or arguments are given, then the values of all names are printed.
-For unknown historical reasons, a lone \fB\-\fP option is treated specially:
-it clears both the \fB\-x\fP and \fB\-v\fP options.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  shift [number]
-.IP "\fBshift\fP [\fInumber\fP]"
-The positional parameters \fInumber\fP+1, \fInumber\fP+2 \fIetc.\fP\& are
-renamed to \fB1\fP, \fB2\fP, \fIetc.\fP
-\fInumber\fP defaults to 1.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  test expression, [ expression ]
-.IP "\fBtest\fP \fIexpression\fP"
-.IP "\fB[\fP \fIexpression\fP \fB]\fP"
-\fBtest\fP evaluates the \fIexpression\fP and returns zero status if
-true, and 1 status if false and greater than 1 if there was an error.
-It is normally used as the
-condition command of \fBif\fP and \fBwhile\fP statements.
-The following basic expressions are available:
-.sp
-.TS
-afB ltw(2.8i).
-\fIstr\fP	T{
-\fIstr\fP has non-zero length.  Note that there is the potential
-for problems if \fIstr\fP turns out to be an operator (\fIe.g.\fP, \fB-r\fP)
-- it is generally better to use a test like
-\fB[ X"\fP\fIstr\fP\fB" != X ]\fP
-instead (double quotes are used in case \fIstr\fP contains spaces or file
-globing characters).
-T}
-\-r \fIfile\fP	T{
-\fIfile\fP exists and is readable
-T}
-\-w \fIfile\fP	T{
-\fIfile\fP exists and is writable
-T}
-\-x \fIfile\fP	T{
-\fIfile\fP exists and is executable
-T}
-\-a \fIfile\fP	T{
-\fIfile\fP exists
-T}
-\-e \fIfile\fP	T{
-\fIfile\fP exists
-T}
-\-f \fIfile\fP	T{
-\fIfile\fP is a regular file
-T}
-\-d \fIfile\fP	T{
-\fIfile\fP is a directory
-T}
-\-c \fIfile\fP	T{
-\fIfile\fP is a character special device
-T}
-\-b \fIfile\fP	T{
-\fIfile\fP is a block special device
-T}
-\-p \fIfile\fP	T{
-\fIfile\fP is a named pipe
-T}
-\-u \fIfile\fP	T{
-\fIfile\fP's mode has setuid bit set
-T}
-\-g \fIfile\fP	T{
-\fIfile\fP's mode has setgid bit set
-T}
-\-k \fIfile\fP	T{
-\fIfile\fP's mode has sticky bit set
-T}
-\-s \fIfile\fP	T{
-\fIfile\fP is not empty
-T}
-\-O \fIfile\fP	T{
-\fIfile\fP's owner is the shell's effective user-ID
-T}
-\-G \fIfile\fP	T{
-\fIfile\fP's group is the shell's effective group-ID
-T}
-\-h \fIfile\fP	T{
-\fIfile\fP is a symbolic link
-T}
-\-H \fIfile\fP	T{
-\fIfile\fP is a context dependent directory (only useful on HP-UX)
-T}
-\-L \fIfile\fP	T{
-\fIfile\fP is a symbolic link
-T}
-\-S \fIfile\fP	T{
-\fIfile\fP is a socket
-T}
-\-o \fIoption\fP	T{
-shell \fIoption\fP is set (see \fBset\fP command above for list of options).
-As a non-standard extension, if the option starts with a \fB!\fP, the test
-is negated; the test always fails if option doesn't exist (thus
-.RS
-\fB[ -o \fP\fIfoo\fP \fB-o -o !\fP\fIfoo\fP \fB]\fP
-.RE
-returns true if and only if option \fIfoo\fP exists).
-T}
-\fIfile\fP \-nt \fIfile\fP	T{
-first \fIfile\fP is newer than second \fIfile\fP
-T}
-\fIfile\fP \-ot \fIfile\fP	T{
-first \fIfile\fP is older than second \fIfile\fP
-T}
-\fIfile\fP \-ef \fIfile\fP	T{
-first \fIfile\fP is the same file as second \fIfile\fP
-T}
-\-t\ [\fIfd\fP]	T{
-file descriptor is a tty device.
-If the posix option (\fBset \-o posix\fP, see POSIX Mode above) is not
-set, \fIfd\fP may be left out, in which case it is taken to be 1
-(the behaviour differs due to the special POSIX rules described below).
-T}
-\fIstring\fP	T{
-\fIstring\fP is not empty
-T}
-\-z\ \fIstring\fP	T{
-\fIstring\fP is empty
-T}
-\-n\ \fIstring\fP	T{
-\fIstring\fP is not empty
-T}
-\fIstring\fP\ =\ \fIstring\fP	T{
-strings are equal
-T}
-\fIstring\fP\ ==\ \fIstring\fP	T{
-strings are equal
-T}
-\fIstring\fP\ !=\ \fIstring\fP	T{
-strings are not equal
-T}
-\fInumber\fP\ \-eq\ \fInumber\fP	T{
-numbers compare equal
-T}
-\fInumber\fP\ \-ne\ \fInumber\fP	T{
-numbers compare not equal
-T}
-\fInumber\fP\ \-ge\ \fInumber\fP	T{
-numbers compare greater than or equal
-T}
-\fInumber\fP\ \-gt\ \fInumber\fP	T{
-numbers compare greater than
-T}
-\fInumber\fP\ \-le\ \fInumber\fP	T{
-numbers compare less than or equal
-T}
-\fInumber\fP\ \-lt\ \fInumber\fP	T{
-numbers compare less than
-T}
-.TE
-.sp
+.It Ic viraw
+No effect. In the original Korn shell, unless
+.Ic viraw
+was set, the vi command line mode would let the tty driver do the work until
+ESC (^[) was entered.
+.Nm pdksh
+is always in viraw mode.
+.It Ic vi-esccomplete
+In vi command line editing, do command and file name completion when escape
+(^[) is entered in command mode.
+.It Ic vi-show8
+Prefix characters with the eighth bit set with
+.Dq M\&- .
+If this option is not set, characters in the range 128-160 are printed as is,
+which may cause problems.
+.It Ic vi-tabcomplete
+In vi command line editing, do command and file name completion when tab (^I)
+is entered in insert mode.
+.El
+.Pp
+These options can also be used upon invocation of the shell. The current set of
+options (with single letter names) can be found in the parameter
+.Dv \&- .
+.Ic set Fl o
+with no option name will list all the options and whether each is on or off;
+.Ic set +o
+will print the long names of all options that are currently on.
+.Pp
+Remaining arguments, if any, are positional parameters and are assigned, in
+order, to the positional parameters (i.e., $1, $2, etc.). If options end with
+.Dq \&-\&-
+and there are no remaining arguments, all positional parameters are cleared. If
+no options or arguments are given, the values of all names are printed. For
+unknown historical reasons, a lone
+.Dq \&-
+option is treated specially -- it clears both the
+.Fl x
+and
+.Fl v
+options.
+.It Ic shift Op Ar number
+The positional parameters
+.Ar number Ns +1 ,
+.Ar number Ns +2 ,
+etc. are renamed to
+.Dq 1 ,
+.Dq 2 ,
+etc.
+.Ar number
+defaults to 1.
+.It Ic test Ar expression
+.It Ic \&[ Ar expression Ic \&]
+.Ic test
+evaluates the
+.Ar expression
+and returns zero status if true, 1 status if fase, and greater than 1 if there
+was an error. It is normally used as the condition command of
+.Ic if
+and
+.Ic while
+statements. The following basic expressions are available:
+.Bl -tag -width 17n
+.It Ar str
+.Ar str
+has non-zero length. Note that there is the potential for problems if
+.Ar str
+turns out to be an operator (e.g.,
+.Fl r ) .
+It is generally better to use a test like
+.Sm off
+.Ic \&[\ X\&" Ar str Ic \&" Ic \ \&]
+.Sm on
+instead (double quotes are used in case
+.Ar str
+contains spaces or file globbing characters).
+.It Fl r Ar file
+.Ar file
+exists and is readable.
+.It Fl w Ar file
+.Ar file
+exists and is writable.
+.It Fl x Ar file
+.Ar file
+exists and is executable.
+.It Fl a Ar file
+.Ar file
+exists.
+.It Fl e Ar file
+.Ar file
+exists.
+.It Fl f Ar file
+.Ar file
+is a regular file.
+.It Fl d Ar file
+.Ar file
+is a directory.
+.It Fl c Ar file
+.Ar file
+is a character special device.
+.It Fl b Ar file
+.Ar file
+is a block special device.
+.It Fl p Ar file
+.Ar file
+is a named pipe.
+.It Fl u Ar file
+.Ar file Ns 's
+mode has setuid bit set.
+.It Fl g Ar file
+.Ar file Ns 's
+mode has setgid bit set.
+.It Fl k Ar file
+.Ar file Ns 's
+mode has sticky bit set.
+.It Fl s Ar file
+.Ar file
+is not empty.
+.It Fl O Ar file
+.Ar file Ns 's
+owned is the shell's effective user ID.
+.It Fl G Ar file
+.Ar file Ns 's
+group is the shell's effective group ID.
+.It Fl h Ar file
+.Ar file
+is a symbolic link.
+.It Fl H Ar file
+.Ar file
+is a context dependent directory (only useful on HP-UX).
+.It Fl L Ar file
+.Ar file
+is a symbolic link.
+.It Fl S Ar file
+.Ar file
+is a socket.
+.It Fl o Ar option
+Shell
+.Ar option
+is set (see
+.Ic set
+command above for a list of options). As a non-standard extension, if the
+option starts with a
+.Dq \&! ,
+the test is negated; the test always fails if
+.Ar option
+doesn't exist (thus
+.Ic \&[ -o Ar foo
+.Ic -o -o \&! Ns Ar foo Ic \&]
+returns true if and only if option
+.Ar foo
+exists).
+.It Ar file Fl nt Ar file
+first
+.Ar file
+is newer than second
+.Ar file .
+.It Ar file Fl ot Ar file
+first
+.Ar file
+is older than second
+.Ar file .
+.It Ar file Fl ef Ar file
+first
+.Ar file
+is the same file as second
+.Ar file .
+.It Fl t Op Ar fd
+File descriptor
+.Ar fd
+is a tty device. If the
+.Ic posix
+option is not set,
+.Ar fd
+may be left out, in which case it is taken to be 1 (the behaviour differs due
+to the special POSIX rules described below).
+.It Ar string
+.Ar string
+is not empty.
+.It Fl z Ar string
+.Ar string
+is empty.
+.It Fl n Ar string
+.Ar string
+is not empty.
+.It Ar string No = Ar string
+Strings are equal.
+.It Ar string No == Ar string
+Strings are equal.
+.It Ar string No \&!= Ar string
+Strings are not equal.
+.It Ar number Fl eq Ar number
+Numbers compare equal.
+.It Ar number Fl ne Ar number
+Numbers compare not equal.
+.It Ar number Fl ge Ar number
+Numbers compare greater than or equal.
+.It Ar number Fl gt Ar number
+Numbers compare greater than.
+.It Ar number Fl le Ar number
+Numbers compare less than or equal.
+.It Ar number Fl \&lt Ar number
+Numbers compare less than.
+.El
+.Pp
 The above basic expressions, in which unary operators have precedence over
-binary operators, may be combined with the following operators
-(listed in increasing order of precedence):
-.sp
-.TS
-afB l.
-\fIexpr\fP \-o \fIexpr\fP	logical or
-\fIexpr\fP \-a \fIexpr\fP	logical and
-! \fIexpr\fP	logical not
-( \fIexpr\fP )	grouping
-.TE
-.sp
-On operating systems not supporting \fB/dev/fd/\fP\fIn\fP devices
-(where \fIn\fP is a file descriptor number),
-the \fBtest\fP command will attempt to fake it for all tests that
-operate on files (except the \fB-e\fP test).
-I.e., \fB[ -w /dev/fd/2 ]\fP tests if file descriptor 2 is writable.
-.sp
-Note that some special rules are applied (courtesy of POSIX) if the
-number of arguments to \fBtest\fP or \fB[\fP \&... \fB]\fP is less than
-five: if leading \fB!\fP arguments can be stripped such that only one
-argument remains then a string length test is performed (again, even if
-the argument is a unary operator);
-if leading \fB!\fP arguments can be stripped such that three
-arguments remain and the second argument is a binary operator, then the
-binary operation is performed (even if first argument is a unary
-operator, including an unstripped \fB!\fP).
-.sp
-\fBNote:\fP A common mistake is to use \fBif [ $foo = bar ]\fP which
-fails if parameter \fBfoo\fP is null or unset, if it has embedded spaces
-(\fIi.e.\fP, \fBIFS\fP characters), or if it is a unary operator like \fB!\fP or
-\fB\-n\fP.  Use tests like \fBif [ "X$foo" = Xbar ]\fP instead.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  times
-.IP \fBtimes\fP
-Print the accumulated user and system times used by the shell and by
-processes which have exited that the shell started.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  trap [handler signal ...]
-.IP "\fBtrap\fP [\fIhandler\fP \fIsignal ...\fP]"
-Sets trap handler that is to be executed when any of the specified signals
-are received.
-\fBHandler\fP is either a null string, indicating the signals are to
-be ignored, a minus (\fB\-\fP), indicating that the default action is to
-be taken for the signals (see signal(2 or 3)), or a string containing shell
-commands to be evaluated and executed at the first opportunity (\fIi.e.\fP,
-when the current command completes, or before printing the next \fBPS1\fP
+binary operators, may be combined with the following operators (listed in
+increasing order of precedence):
+.Pp
+.Bl -tag -width "expr -o expr" -compact
+.It Ar expr Fl o Ar expr
+Logical OR.
+.It Ar expr Fl a Ar expr
+Logical AND.
+.It Ic \&! Ar expr
+Logical NOT.
+.It Ic \&( Ar expr Ic \&)
+Grouping.
+.El
+.Pp
+On operating systems not supporting
+.Pa /dev/fd/ Ns Ar n
+devices (where
+.Ar n
+is a file descriptor number), the
+.Ic test
+command will attempt to fake it for all tests that operate on files (except the
+.Fl e
+test). For example,
+.Ic \&[ -w /dev/fd/2 \&]
+tests if file descriptor 2 is writable.
+.Pp
+Note that some special rules are applied (courtesy of POSIX) if the number of
+arguments to
+.Ic test
+or
+.Ic \&[ ... \&]
+is less than five; if leading
+.Dq \&!
+arguments can be stripped such that only one argument remains then a string
+length test is performed (again, even if the argument is a unary operator); if
+leading
+.Dq \&!
+arguments can be stripped such that three arguments remain and the second
+argument is a binary operator, then the binary operation is performed (even
+if the first argument is a unary operator, including an unstripped
+.Dq \&! ) .
+.Pp
+NOTE: A common mistake is to use
+.Ic if \&[ $foo = bar \&]
+which fails if parameter
+.Ic foo
+is
+.Dv NULL
+or unset, if it has embedded spaces (i.e.,
+.Ev IFS
+characters), or if it is a unary operator like
+.Dq Ic \&!
+or
+.Dq Fl n .
+Use tests like
+.Ic if \&[ \&"X$foo\&" = Xbar \&]
+instead.
+.It Ic times
+Print the accumulated user and system times used by the shell and by processes
+which have exited that the shell started.
+.It Ic trap Op Ar handler signal ...
+Sets trap handler that is to be executed when any of the specified signals are
+received.
+.Ar handler
+is either a
+.Dv NULL
+string, indicating the signals are to be ignored, a minus sign
+.Pq Sq \&- ,
+indicating that the default action is to be taken for the signals (see
+.Xr signal 3 ) ,
+or a string containing shell commands to be evaluated and executed at the first
+opportunity (i.e., when the current command completes, or before printing the
+next
+.Ev PS1
 prompt) after receipt of one of the signals.
-\fBSignal\fP is the name of a signal (\fIe.g.\fP, PIPE or ALRM) or the number
-of the signal (see \fBkill \-l\fP command above).
-There are two special signals: \fBEXIT\fP (also known as \fB0\fP), which
-is executed when the shell is about to exit, and \fBERR\fP which is
-executed after an error occurs (an error is something that would cause
-the shell to exit if the \fB\-e\fP or \fBerrexit\fP option were set \(em
-see \fBset\fP command above).
-\fBEXIT\fP handlers are executed in the environment of the last executed
-command.
-Note that for non-interactive shells, the trap handler cannot be changed for
-signals that were ignored when the shell started.
-.sp
-With no arguments, \fBtrap\fP lists, as a series of \fBtrap\fP commands,
-the current state of the traps that have been set since the shell started.
-.sp
-.\" todo: add these features (trap DEBUG, trap ERR/EXIT in function)
-The original Korn shell's \fBDEBUG\fP trap and the handling of \fBERR\fP and
-\fBEXIT\fP traps in functions are not yet implemented.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  true
-.IP \fBtrue\fP
+.Ar signal
+is the name of a signal (e.g.,
+.Dv PIPE
+or
+.Dv ALRM )
+or the number of the signal (see
+.Ic kill -l
+command above). There are two special signals:
+.Dv EXIT
+(also known as 0), which is executed when the shell is about to exit, and
+.Dv ERR ,
+which is executed after an error occurs (an error is something that would cause
+the shell to exit if the
+.Fl e
+or
+.Ic errexit
+option were see -- see
+.Ic set
+command above).
+.Dv EXIT
+handlers are executed in the environment of the last executed command. Note
+that for non-interactive shells, the trap handler cannot be changed for signals
+that were ignored when the shell started.
+.Pp
+With no arguments,
+.Ic trap
+lists, as a series of
+.Ic trap
+commands, the current start of the traps that have been set since the shell
+started.
+.Pp
+The original Korn shell's
+.Dv DEBUG
+trap and the handling of
+.Dv ERR
+and
+.Dv EXIT
+traps in functions are not yet implemented.
+.It Ic true
 A command that exits with a zero value.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  typeset [[+-Ulprtux] [-L[n]] [-R[n]] [-Z[n]] [-i[n]] | -f [-tux]] [name[=value] ...]
-.IP "\fBtypeset\fP [[\(+-Ulprtux] [\fB\-L\fP[\fIn\fP]] [\fB\-R\fP[\fIn\fP]] [\fB\-Z\fP[\fIn\fP]] [\fB\-i\fP[\fIn\fP]] | \fB\-f\fP [\fB\-tux\fP]] [\fIname\fP[\fB=\fP\fIvalue\fP] ...]"
-Display or set parameter attributes.
-With no \fIname\fP arguments, parameter attributes are displayed: if no options
-arg used, the current attributes of all parameters are printed as typeset
-commands; if an option is given (or \fB\-\fP with no option letter)
-all parameters and their values with the specified attributes are printed;
-if options are introduced with \fB+\fP, parameter values are not printed.
-.sp
-If \fIname\fP arguments are given, the attributes of the named parameters
-are set (\fB\-\fP) or cleared (\fB+\fP).
-Values for parameters may optionally be specified.
-If typeset is used inside a function, any newly created parameters are local
-to the function.
-.sp
-When \fB\-f\fP is used, typeset operates on the attributes of functions.
-As with parameters, if no \fIname\fPs are given, functions are listed
-with their values (\fIi.e.\fP, definitions) unless options are introduced with
-\fB+\fP, in which case only the function names are reported.
-.sp
-.TS
-expand;
-afB lw(4.5i).
-\-L\fIn\fP	T{
-Left justify attribute: \fIn\fP specifies the field width.
-If \fIn\fP is not specified, the current width of a parameter (or the
-width of its first assigned value) is used.
-Leading white space (and zeros, if used with the \fB\-Z\fP option) is stripped.
-If necessary, values are either truncated or space padded to fit the
+.It Xo Ic typeset No [[+-Ulprtux]\ [-L[n]]\ [-R[n]]\ [-Z[n]]\ [-i[n]]\ |\ -f\&
+.Li [-tux]]\ [name[=value]\ ...]
+.Xc
+Display or set parameter attributes. With no
+.Ar name
+arguments, parameter attributes are displayed; if no options are used, the
+current attributes of all parameters are printed as
+.Ic typeset
+commands; if an option is given (or
+.Dq \&-
+with no option letter), all parameters and their values with the specified
+attributes are printed; if options are introduced with
+.Dq \&+ ,
+parameter values are not printed.
+.Pp
+If
+.Ar name
+arguments are given, the attributes of the named parameters are set
+.Pq Ic \&-
+or cleared
+.Pq Ic \&+ .
+Values for parameters may optionally be specified. If
+.Ic typeset
+is used inside a function, any newly created parameters are local to the
+function.
+.Pp
+When
+.Fl f
+is used,
+.Ic typeset
+operates on the attributes of functions. As with parameters, if no
+.Ar name Ns s
+are given, functions are listed with their values (i.e., definitions) unless
+options are introduced with
+.Dq \&+ ,
+in which case only the function names are reported.
+.Bl -tag -width 3n
+.It Fl L Ns Ar n
+Left justify attribute.
+.Ar n
+specifies the field width. If
+.Ar n
+is not specified, the current width of a parameter (or the width of its first
+assigned value) is used. Leading whitespace (and zeros, if used with the
+.Fl Z
+option) is stripped. If necessary, values are either truncated or space padded
+to fit the field width.
+.It Fl R Ns Ar n
+Right justify attribute.
+.Ar n
+specifies the field width. If
+.Ar n
+is not specified, the current width of a parameter (or the width of its first
+assigned value) is used. Trailing whitespace is stripped. If necessary, values
+are either stripped of leading characters or space padded to make them fit the
 field width.
-T}
-\-R\fIn\fP	T{
-Right justify attribute: \fIn\fP specifies the field width.
-If \fIn\fP is not specified, the current width of a parameter (or the
-width of its first assigned value) is used.
-Trailing white space are stripped.
-If necessary, values are either stripped of leading characters
-or space padded to make them fit the field width.
-T}
-\-Z\fIn\fP	T{
-Zero fill attribute: if not combined with \fB\-L\fP, this is the
-same as \fB\-R\fP, except zero padding is used instead of space padding.
-T}
-\-i\fIn\fP	T{
-integer attribute:
-\fIn\fP specifies the base to use when displaying the integer
-(if not specified, the base given in the first assignment is used).
-Parameters with this attribute may be assigned values containing
-arithmetic expressions.
-T}
-\-U	T{
-unsigned integer attribute: integers are printed as unsigned values
-(only useful when combined with the \fB\-i\fP option).
-This option is not in the original Korn shell.
-T}
-\-f	T{
-Function mode: display or set functions and their attributes, instead of
+.It Fl Z Ns Ar n
+Zero fill attribute. If not combined with
+.Fl L ,
+this is the same as
+.Fl R ,
+except zero padding is used instead of space padding.
+.It Fl i Ns Ar n
+Integer attribute.
+.Ar n
+specifies the base to use when displaying the integer (if not specified, the
+base given in the first assignment is used). Parameters with this attribute may
+be assigned values containing arithmetic expressions.
+.It Fl U
+Unsigned integer attribute. Integers are printed as unsigned values (only
+useful when combined with the
+.Fl i
+option). This option is not in the original Korn shell.
+.It Fl f
+Function mode. Display or set functions and their attributes, instead of
 parameters.
-T}
-\-l	T{
-Lower case attribute: all  upper case characters in values are converted to
-lower case.
-(In the original Korn shell, this parameter meant `long integer' when used
-with the \fB\-i\fP option).
-T}
-\-p	T{
-Print complete typeset commands that can be used to re-create the
-attributes (but not the values) of parameters.
-This is the default action (option exists for ksh93 compatability).
-T}
-\-r	T{
-Readonly attribute: parameters with the this attribute may not be assigned to
-or unset.
-Once this attribute is set, it can not be turned off.
-T}
-\-t	T{
-Tag attribute: has no meaning to the shell; provided for application use.
-.sp
-For functions, \fB\-t\fP is the trace attribute.
-When functions with the trace attribute are executed, the \fBxtrace\fP (\fB\-x\fP) shell option is temporarily turned on.
-T}
-\-u	T{
-Upper case attribute: all lower case characters in values are converted to
-upper case.
-(In the original Korn shell, this parameter meant `unsigned integer' when used
-with the \fB\-i\fP option, which meant upper case letters would never be used
-for bases greater than 10.  See the \fB\-U\fP option).
-.sp
-For functions, \fB\-u\fP is the undefined attribute.  See Functions above
-for the implications of this.
-T}
-\-x	T{
-Export attribute: parameters (or functions) are placed in the environment of
-any executed commands.  Exported functions are not implemented yet.
-T}
-.TE
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  ulimit [-acdfHlmnpsSt] [value]
-.IP "\fBulimit\fP [\fB\-acdfHlmnpsStvw\fP] [\fIvalue\fP]"
-Display or set process limits.
-If no options are used, the file size limit (\fB\-f\fP) is assumed.
-\fBvalue\fP, if specified, may be either be an arithmetic expression or the
-word \fBunlimited\fP.
-The limits affect the shell and any processes created by the shell after
-a limit is imposed.
-Note that some systems may not allow limits to be increased once they
-are set.
-Also note that the types of limits available are system dependent \- some
-systems have only the \fB\-f\fP limit.
-.RS
-.IP \fB\-a\fP
-Displays all limits; unless \fB\-H\fP is used, soft limits are displayed.
-.IP \fB\-H\fP
+.It Fl l
+Lower case attribute. All upper case characters in values are converted to
+lower case. (In the original Korn shell, this parameter meant
+.Dq long integer
+when used with the
+.Fl i
+option.)
+.It Fl p
+Print complete
+.Ic typeset
+commands that can be used to re-create the attributes (but not the values) or
+parameters. This is the default action (option exists for ksh93 compatibility).
+.It Fl r
+Read-only attribute. Parameters with this attribute may not be assigned to or
+unset. Once this attribute is set, it can not be turned off.
+.It Fl t
+Tag attribute. Has no meaning to the shell; provided for application use.
+.Pp
+For functions,
+.Fl t
+is the trace attribute. When functions with the trace attribute are executed,
+the
+.Ic xtrace
+.Pq Fl x
+shell option is temporarily turned on.
+.It Fl u
+Upper case attribute. All lower case characters in values are converted to
+upper case. (In the original Korn shell, this parameter meant
+.Dq unsigned integer
+when used with the
+.Fl i
+option, which meant upper case letters would never be used for bases greater
+than 10. See the
+.Fl U
+option.)
+.Pp
+For functions,
+.Fl u
+is the undefined attribute. See
+.Sx Functions
+above for the implications of this.
+.It Fl x
+Export attribute. Parameters (or functions) are placed in the environment of
+any executed commands. Exported functions are not yet implemented.
+.El
+.It Xo Ic ulimit Op Fl acdfHlmnpsStvw
+.Op Ar value
+.Xc
+Display or set process limits. If no options are used, the file size limit
+.Pq Fl f
+is assumed.
+.Ar value ,
+if specified, may be either an arithmetic expression or the word
+.Dq unlimited .
+The limits affect the shell and any processes created by the shell after a
+limit is imposed. Note that some systems may not allow limits to be increased
+once they are set. Also note that the types of limits available are system
+dependent -- some systems have only the
+.Fl f
+limit.
+.Bl -tag -width 5n
+.It Fl a
+Displays all limits; unless
+.Fl H
+is used, soft limits are displayed.
+.It Fl H
 Set the hard limit only (default is to set both hard and soft limits).
-.IP \fB\-S\fP
+.It Fl S
 Set the soft limit only (default is to set both hard and soft limits).
-.IP \fB\-c\fP
-Impose a size limit of \fIn\fP blocks on the size of core dumps.
-.IP \fB\-d\fP
-Impose a size limit of \fIn\fP kbytes on the size of the data area.
-.IP \fB\-f\fP
-Impose a size limit of \fIn\fP blocks on files written by the shell and
-its child processes (files of any size may be read).
-.IP \fB\-l\fP
-Impose a limit of \fIn\fP kbytes on the amount of locked (wired) physical
-memory.
-.IP \fB\-m\fP
-Impose a limit of \fIn\fP kbytes on the amount of physical memory used.
-.IP \fB\-n\fP
-Impose a limit of \fIn\fP file descriptors that can be open at once.
-.IP \fB\-p\fP
-Impose a limit of \fIn\fP processes that can be run by the user at any one
-time.
-.IP \fB\-s\fP
-Impose a size limit of \fIn\fP kbytes on the size of the stack area.
-.IP \fB\-t\fP
-Impose a time limit of \fIn\fP cpu seconds to be used by each process.
-.PP
-As far as \fBulimit\fP is concerned, a block is 512 bytes.
-.RE
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  umask [-S] [mask]
-.IP "\fBumask\fP [\fB\-S\fP] [\fImask\fP]"
-.RS
-Display or set the file permission creation mask, or umask (see \fIumask\fP(2)).
-If the \fB\-S\fP option is used, the mask displayed or set is symbolic,
-otherwise it is an octal number.
-.sp
-Symbolic masks are like those used by \fIchmod\fP(1):
-.RS
-[\fBugoa\fP]{{\fB=+-\fP}{\fBrwx\fP}*}+[\fB,\fP...]
-.RE
-in which the first group of characters is the \fIwho\fP part, the second
-group is the \fIop\fP part, and the last group is the \fIperm\fP part.
-The \fIwho\fP part specifies which part of the umask is to be modified.
-The letters mean:
-.RS
-.IP \fBu\fP
-the user permissions
-.IP \fBg\fP
-the group permissions
-.IP \fBo\fP
-the other permissions (non-user, non-group)
-.IP \fBa\fP
-all permissions (user, group and other)
-.RE
-.sp
-The \fIop\fP part indicates how the \fIwho\fP permissions are to be modified:
-.RS
-.IP \fB=\fP
-set
-.IP \fB+\fP
-added to
-.IP \fB\-\fP
-removed from
-.RE
-.sp
-The \fIperm\fP part specifies which permissions are to be set, added or removed:
-.RS
-.IP \fBr\fP
-read permission
-.IP \fBw\fP
-write permission
-.IP \fBx\fP
-execute permission
-.RE
-.sp
-When symbolic masks are used, they describe what permissions may
-be made available (as opposed to octal masks in which a set bit means
-the corresponding bit is to be cleared).
-Example: `ug=rwx,o=' sets the mask so files will not be readable, writable
-or executable by `others', and is equivalent (on most systems) to the octal
-mask `07'.
-.RE
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  unalias [-adt] name ...
-.IP "\fBunalias\fP [\fB\-adt\fP] [\fIname1\fP ...]"
-The aliases for the given names are removed.
-If the \fB\-a\fP option is used, all aliases are removed.
-If the \fB\-t\fP or \fB\-d\fP options are used, the indicated operations
-are carried out on tracked or directory aliases, respectively.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  unset [-fv] parameter ...
-.IP "\fBunset\fP [\fB\-fv\fP] \fIparameter\fP ..."
-Unset the named parameters (\fB\-v\fP, the default) or functions (\fB\-f\fP).
-The exit status is non-zero if any of the parameters were already unset,
-zero otherwise.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  wait [job]
-.IP "\fBwait\fP [\fIjob\fP]"
-Wait for the specified job(s) to finish.
-The exit status of wait is that of the last specified job:
-if the last job is killed by a signal, the exit status is 128 + the
-number of the signal (see \fBkill \-l\fP \fIexit-status\fP above); if the last
-specified job can't be found (because it never existed, or had already
-finished), the exit status of wait is 127.
-See Job Control below for the format of \fIjob\fP.
-\fBWait\fP will return if a signal for which a trap has been set is received,
-or if a HUP, INT or QUIT signal is received.
-.sp
-If no jobs are specified, \fBwait\fP waits for all currently running jobs
-(if any) to finish and exits with a zero status.
-If job monitoring is enabled, the completion status of jobs is
-printed (this is not the case when jobs are explicitly specified).
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  whence [-pv] [name ...]
-.IP "\fBwhence\fP [\fB\-pv\fP] [name ...]"
-For each name, the type of command is listed (reserved word, built-in, alias,
-function, tracked alias or executable).
-If the \fB\-p\fP option is used, a path search done even if \fIname\fP
-is a reserved word, alias, \fIetc.\fP
-Without the \fB\-v\fP option, \fBwhence\fP is similar to \fBcommand \-v\fP
-except that \fBwhence\fP will find reserved words and won't print aliases
-as alias commands;
-with the \fB\-v\fP option, \fBwhence\fP is the same as \fBcommand \-V\fP.
-Note that for \fBwhence\fP, the \fB\-p\fP option does not affect the search
-path used, as it does for \fBcommand\fP.
-If the type of one or more of the names could not be determined, the
-exit status is non-zero.
-.\"}}}
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  job control (and its built-in commands)
-.SS "Job Control"
-Job control refers to the shell's ability to monitor and control \fBjobs\fP,
-which are processes or groups of processes created for commands or pipelines.
-At a minimum, the shell keeps track of the status of the background
-(\fIi.e.\fP, asynchronous) jobs that currently exist; this information can be
-displayed using the \fBjobs\fP command.
-If job control is fully enabled (using \fBset \-m\fP or
-\fBset \-o monitor\fP), as it is for interactive shells,
-the processes of a job are placed in their own process group,
-foreground jobs can be stopped by typing the suspend character from the
-terminal (normally ^Z),
-jobs can be restarted in either the foreground
-or background, using the \fBfg\fP and \fBbg\fP commands, respectively,
-and the state of the terminal is saved or restored when a foreground
+.It Fl c Ar n
+Impose a size limit of
+.Ar n
+blocks on the size of core dumps.
+.It Fl d Ar n
+Impose a size limit of
+.Ar n
+kilobytes on the size of the data area.
+.It Fl f Ar n
+Impose a size limit of
+.Ar n
+blocks on files written by the shell and its child processes (files of any
+size may be read).
+.It Fl l Ar n
+Impose a limit of
+.Ar n
+kilobytes on the amount of locked (wired) physical memory.
+.It Fl m Ar n
+Impose a limit of
+.Ar n
+kilobytes on the amount of physical memory used.
+.It Fl n Ar n
+Impose a limit of
+.Ar n
+file descriptors that can be open at once.
+.It Fl p Ar n
+Impose a limit of
+.Ar n
+processes that can be run by the user at any one time.
+.It Fl s Ar n
+Impose a size limit of
+.Ar n
+kilobytes on the size of the stack area.
+.It Fl t Ar n
+Impose a time limit of
+.Ar n
+CPU seconds to be used by each process.
+.It Fl v Ar n
+Impose a limit of
+.Ar n
+kbytes on the amount of virtual memory used; on some systems this is the
+maximum allowable virtual address (in bytes, not kbytes).
+.It Fl w Ar n
+Impose a limit of
+.Ar n
+kbytes on the amount of swap space used.
+.El
+.Pp
+As far as
+.Ic ulimit
+is concerned, a block is 512 bytes.
+.It Xo Ic umask Op Fl S
+.Op Ar mask
+.Xc
+Display or set the file permission creation mask, or umask (see
+.Xr umask 2 ) .
+If the
+.Fl S
+option is used, the mask displayed or set is symbolic, otherwise it is an
+octal number.
+.Pp
+Symbolic masks are like those used by
+.Xr chmod 1 .
+When used, they describe what permissions may be made available (as opposed to
+octal masks in which a set bit means the corresponding bit is to be cleared).
+For example,
+.Dq ug=rwx,o=
+sets the mask so files with not be readable, writable or executable by
+.Dq others ,
+and is equivalent (on most systems) to the octal mask
+.Dq 007 .
+.It Xo Ic unalias Op Fl adt
+.Op Ar name1 ...
+.Xc
+The aliases for the given names are removed. If the
+.Fl a
+option is used, all aliases are removed. If the
+.Fl t
+or
+.Fl d
+options are used, the indicated operations are carried out on tracked or
+directory aliases, respectively.
+.It Xo Ic unset Op Fl fv
+.Ar parameter ...
+.Xc
+Unset the named parameters
+.Po
+.Fl v ,
+the default
+.Pc
+or functions
+.Pq Fl f .
+The exit status is non-zero if any of the parameters were already unset, zero
+otherwise.
+.It Ic wait Op Ar job ...
+Wait for the specified job(s) to finish. The exit status of
+.Ic wait
+is that of the last specified job; if the last job is killed by a signal, the
+exit status is 128 + the number of the signal (see
+.Ic kill -l Ar exit-status
+above); if the last specified job can't be found (because it never existed, or
+had already finished), the exit status of
+.Ic wait
+is 127. See
+.Sx Job control
+below for the format of
+.Ar job .
+.Ic wait
+will return if a signal for which a trap has been set is received, or if a
+.Dv HUP ,
+.Dv INT
+or
+.Dv QUIT
+signal is received.
+.Pp
+If no jobs are specified,
+.Ic wait
+waits for all currently running jobs (if any) to finish and exits with a zero
+status. If job monitoring is enabled, the completion status of jobs is printed
+(this is not the case when jobs are explicitly specified).
+.It Xo Ic whence Op Fl pv
+.Op Ar name ...
+.Xc
+For each
+.Ar name ,
+the type of command is listed (reserved word, built-in, alias,
+function, tracked alias, or executable). If the
+.Fl p
+option is used, a path search is performed even if
+.Ar name
+is a reserved word, alias, etc. Without the
+.Fl v
+option,
+.Ic whence
+is similar to
+.Ic command Fl v
+except that
+.Ic whence
+will find reserved words and won't print aliases as alias commands. With the
+.Fl v
+option,
+.Ic whence
+is the same as
+.Ic command Fl V .
+Note that for
+.Ic whence ,
+the
+.Fl p
+option does not affect the search path used, as it does for
+.Ic command .
+If the type of one or more of the names could not be determined, the exit
+status is non-zero.
+.El
+.Ss Job control
+Job control refers to the shell's ability to monitor and control jobs, which
+are processes or groups of processes created for commands or pipelines. At a
+minimum, the shell keeps track of the status of the background (i.e.,
+asynchronous) jobs that currently exist; this information can be displayed
+using the
+.Ic jobs
+commands. If job control is fully enabled (using
+.Ic set Fl m
+or
+.Ic set Fl o Ic monitor ) ,
+as it is for interactive shells, the processes of a job are placed in their
+own process group. Foreground jobs can be stopped by typing the suspend
+character from the terminal (normally ^Z), jobs can be restarted in either the
+foreground or background using the
+.Ic fg
+and
+.Ic bg
+commands, and the state of the terminal is saved or restored when a foreground
 job is stopped or restarted, respectively.
-.sp
-Note that only commands that create processes (\fIe.g.\fP,
-asynchronous commands, subshell commands, and non-built-in,
-non-function commands) can be stopped; commands like \fBread\fP cannot be.
-.sp
-When a job is created, it is assigned a job-number.
-For interactive shells, this number is printed inside \fB[\fP..\fB]\fP,
-followed by the process-ids of the processes in the job when an asynchronous
-command is run.
-A job may be referred to in \fBbg\fP, \fBfg\fP, \fBjobs\fP, \fBkill\fP and
-\fBwait\fP commands either by the process id of the last process in the
-command pipeline (as stored in the \fB$!\fP parameter) or by prefixing the
-job-number with a percent sign (\fB%\fP).
+.Pp
+Note that only commands that create processes (e.g., asynchronous commands,
+subshell commands, and non-built-in, non-function commands) can be stopped;
+commands like
+.Ic read
+cannot be.
+.Pp
+When a job is created, it is assigned a job number. For interactive shells,
+this number is printed inside
+.Dq \&[..\&] ,
+followed by the process IDs of the processes in the job when an asynchronous
+command is run. A job may be referred to in
+.Ic bg ,
+.Ic fg ,
+.Ic jobs ,
+.Ic kill ,
+and
+.Ic wait
+commands either by the process ID of the last process in the command pipeline
+(as stored in the $! parameter) or by prefixing the job number with a percent
+sign
+.Pq Sq % .
 Other percent sequences can also be used to refer to jobs:
-.sp
-.TS
-expand;
-afB lw(4.5i).
-%+	T{
+.Bl -tag -width 10n
+.It Ic %\&+
 The most recently stopped job, or, if there are no stopped jobs, the oldest
 running job.
-T}
-%%\fR, \fP%	T{
-Same as \fB%+\fP.
-T}
-%\-	T{
-The job that would be the \fB%+\fP job, if the later did not exist.
-T}
-%\fIn\fP	T{
-The job with job-number \fIn\fP.
-T}
-%?\fIstring\fP	T{
-The job containing the string \fIstring\fP (an error occurs if multiple jobs
-are matched).
-T}
-%\fIstring\fP	T{
-The job starting with string \fIstring\fP (an error occurs if multiple jobs
-are matched).
-T}
-.TE
-.sp
-When a job changes state (\fIe.g.\fP, a background job finishes or foreground
-job is stopped), the shell prints the following status information:
-.RS
-\fB[\fP\fInumber\fP\fB]\fP \fIflag status command\fP
-.RE
+.It Ic %% , %
+Same as
+.Ic %\&+ .
+.It Ic %\&-
+The job that would be the
+.Ic %\&+
+job if the latter did not exist.
+.It Ic % Ns Ar n
+The job with job number
+.Ar n .
+.It Ic %\&? Ns Ar string
+The job containing the string
+.Ar string
+(an error occurs if multiple jobs are matched).
+.It Ic % Ns Ar string
+The job starting with string
+.Ar string
+(an error occurs if multiple jobs are matched).
+.El
+.Pp
+When a job changes state (e.g., a background job finishes or foreground job is
+stopped), the shell prints the following status information:
+.Pp
+.Ic \&[ Ar number Ic \&] Ar flag status command
+.Pp
 where
-.IP "\ \fInumber\fP"
-is the job-number of the job.
-.IP "\ \fIflag\fP"
-is \fB+\fP or \fB-\fP if the job is the \fB%+\fP or \fB%-\fP job,
-respectively, or space if it is neither.
-.IP "\ \fIstatus\fP"
-indicates the current state of the job and can be
-.RS
-.IP "\fBRunning\fP"
-the job has neither stopped or exited (note that running does not
-necessarily mean consuming CPU time \(em the process could be blocked waiting
-for some event).
-.IP "\fBDone\fP [\fB(\fP\fInumber\fP\fB)\fP]"
-the job exited. \fInumber\fP is the exit status of the job, which is
-omitted if the status is zero.
-.IP "\fBStopped\fP [\fB(\fP\fIsignal\fP\fB)\fP]"
-the job was stopped by the indicated \fIsignal\fP (if no signal is given,
-the job was stopped by SIGTSTP).
-.IP "\fIsignal-description\fP [\fB(core dumped)\fP]"
-the job was killed by a signal (\fIe.g.\fP, Memory\ fault,
-Hangup, \fIetc.\fP \(em use
-\fBkill \-l\fP for a list of signal descriptions).
-The \fB(core\ dumped)\fP message indicates the process created a core file.
-.RE
-.IP "\ \fIcommand\fP"
-is the command that created the process.
-If there are multiple processes in the job, then each process will
-have a line showing its \fIcommand\fP and possibly its \fIstatus\fP,
+.Bl -tag -width "status"
+.It Ar number
+is the job number of the job.
+.It Ar flag
+is the
+.Dq \&+
+or
+.Dq \&-
+character if the job is the
+.Ic %\&+ or
+.Ic %\&-
+job, respectively, or space if it is neither.
+.It Ar status
+indicates the current state of the job and can be:
+.Bl -tag -width "Running"
+.It Cm Running
+The job has neither stopped nor exited (note that running does not necessarily
+mean consuming CPU time -- the process could be blocked waiting for some
+event).
+.It Cm Done Op Ar number
+The job exited.
+.Ar number
+is the exit status of the job, which is omitted if the status is zero.
+.It Cm Stopped Op Ar signal
+The job was stopped by the indicated
+.Ar signal
+(if no signal is given, the job was stopped by
+.Dv SIGTSTP ) .
+.It Ar signal-description Op Dq core dumped
+The job was killed by a signal (e.g., memory fault, hangup, etc.; use
+.Ic kill -l
+for a list of signal descriptions). The
+.Dq core dumped
+message indicates the process created a core file.
+.El
+.It Ar command
+is the command that created the process. If there are multiple processes in
+the job, each process will have a line showing its
+.Ar command
+and possibly its
+.Ar status ,
 if it is different from the status of the previous process.
-.PP
-When an attempt is made to exit the shell while there are jobs in
-the stopped state, the shell warns the user that there are stopped jobs
-and does not exit.
-If another attempt is immediately made to exit the shell, the stopped
-jobs are sent a \fBHUP\fP signal and the shell exits.
-Similarly, if the \fBnohup\fP option is not set and there are running
-jobs when an attempt is made to exit a login shell, the shell warns the
-user and does not exit.
-If another attempt is immediately made to exit the shell, the running
-jobs are sent a \fBHUP\fP signal and the shell exits.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  Emacs Interactive Input Line Editing
-.SS "Emacs Interactive Input Line Editing"
-When the \fBemacs\fP option is set, interactive input line editing is
-enabled.  \fBWarning\fP: This mode is slightly different from the emacs
-mode in the original Korn shell and the 8th bit is stripped in emacs mode.
-In this mode various editing commands (typically bound to one or more
-control characters) cause immediate actions without waiting for a
-new-line.  Several editing commands are bound to particular control
-characters when the shell is invoked; these bindings can be changed
+.El
+.Pp
+When an attempt is made to exit the shell while there are jobs in the stopped
+state, the shell warns the user that there are stopped jobs and does not exit.
+If another attempt is immediately made to exit the shell, the stopped jobs are
+sent a
+.Dv HUP
+signal and the shell exits. Similarly, if the
+.Ic nohup
+option is not set and there are running jobs when an attempt is made to exit
+a login shell, the shell warns the user and does not exit. If another attempt
+is immediately made to exit the shell, the running jobs are sent a
+.Dv HUP
+signal and the shell exits.
+.Ss Emacs interactive input line editing
+When the
+.Ic emacs
+option is set, interactive input line editing is enabled. Warning: This mode is
+slightly different from the emacs mode in the original Korn shell and the 8th
+bit is stripped in emacs mode. In this mode, various editing commands
+(typically bound to one or more control characters) cause immediate actions
+without waiting for a newline. Several editing commands are bound to particular
+control characters when the shell is invoked; these binding can be changed
 using the following commands:
-.\"{{{  bind
-.IP \fBbind\fP
+.Bl -tag -width Ds
+.It Ic bind
 The current bindings are listed.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  bind string=[editing-command]
-.IP "\fBbind\fP \fIstring\fP\fB=\fP[\fIediting-command\fP]"
-The specified editing command is bound to the given \fBstring\fP, which
-should consist of a control character (which may be written using caret
-notation \fB^\fP\fIX\fP), optionally preceded by one of the two prefix
-characters.  Future input of the \fIstring\fP will cause the editing
-command to be immediately invoked.  Note that although only two prefix
-characters (usually ESC and ^X) are supported, some multi-character
-sequences can be supported.  The following binds the arrow keys on
-an ANSI terminal, or xterm (these are in the default bindings).  Of course
-some escape sequences won't work out quite this nicely:
-.sp
-.RS
-\fBbind '^[['=prefix\-2
-.br
-bind '^XA'=up\-history
-.br
-bind '^XB'=down\-history
-.br
-bind '^XC'=forward\-char
-.br
-bind '^XD'=backward\-char\fP
-.RE
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  bind -l
-.IP "\fBbind \-l\fP"
+.It Xo Ic bind
+.Ar string Ns = Ns Op Ar editing-command
+.Xc
+The specified editing command is bound to the given
+.Ar string ,
+which should consist of a control character (which may be written using caret
+notation, i.e., ^X), optionally preceded by one of the two prefix characters.
+Future input of the
+.Ar string
+will cause the editing command to be immediately invoked. Note that although
+only two prefix characters (usually ESC and ^X) are supported, some
+multi-character sequences can be supported. The following binds the arrow keys
+on an ANSI terminal, or xterm (these are in the default bindings). Of course
+some escape sequences won't work out quite this nicely.
+.Pp
+.Bl -item -compact
+.It
+.Ic bind '^[['=prefix-2
+.It 
+.Ic bind '^XA'=up-history
+.It
+.Ic bind '^XB'=down-history
+.It
+.Ic bind '^XC'=forward-char
+.It
+.Ic bind '^XD'=backward-char
+.El
+.It Ic bind Fl l
 Lists the names of the functions to which keys may be bound.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  bind -m string=[substitute]
-.IP "\fBbind \-m\fP \fIstring\fP\fB=\fP[\fIsubstitute\fP]"
-The specified input \fIstring\fP will afterwards be immediately
-replaced by the given \fIsubstitute\fP string, which may contain
-editing commands.
-.\"}}}
-.PP
-The following is a list of editing commands available.
-Each description starts with the name of the command,
-a \fIn\fP, if the command can be prefixed with a count,
-and any keys the command is bound to by default (written using
-caret notation, \fIe.g.\fP, ASCII ESC character is written as ^[).
-A count prefix for a command is entered using the sequence
-\fB^[\fP\fIn\fP, where \fIn\fP is a sequence of 1 or more digits;
-unless otherwise specified, if a count is omitted, it defaults to 1.
-Note that editing command names are
-used only with the \fBbind\fP command.  Furthermore, many editing
-commands are useful only on terminals with a visible cursor.  The
-default bindings were chosen to resemble corresponding EMACS key
-bindings.  The users tty characters (\fIe.g.\fP, ERASE) are bound to
+.It Xo Ic bind Fl m
+.Sm off
+.Ar string No = Op Ar substitute
+.Sm on
+.Xc
+The specified input
+.Ar string
+will afterwards be immediately replaced by the given
+.Ar substitute
+string, which may contain editing commands.
+.El
+.Pp
+The following is a list of available editing commands. Each description starts
+with the name of the command, an
+.Ar n
+(if the command can be prefixed with a count), and any keys the command is
+bound to by default (written using caret notation, i.e., ASCII ESC character is
+written as ^[). A count prefix for a command is entered using the sequence
+.Ic ^\&[ Ns Ar n ,
+where
+.Ar n
+is a sequence of 1 or more digits; unless otherwise specified, if a count is
+omitted, it defaults to 1. Note that editing command names are used only with
+the
+.Ic bind
+command. Furthermore, many editing commands are useful only on terminals with
+a visible cursor. The default bindings were chosen to resemble corresponding
+Emacs key bindings. The users' tty characters (e.g., ERASE) are bound to
 reasonable substitutes and override the default bindings.
-.\"{{{  abort ^G
-.IP "\fBabort ^G\fP"
-Useful as a response to a request for a \fBsearch-history\fP pattern in
-order to abort the search.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  auto-insert n
-.IP "\fBauto-insert\fP \fIn\fP"
-Simply causes the character to appear as literal input.  Most ordinary
+.Bl -tag -width Ds
+.It Ic abort ^G
+Useful as a response to a request for a
+.Ic search-history
+pattern in order to about the search.
+.It Ic auto-insert Ar n
+Simply causes the character to appear as literal input. Most ordinary
 characters are bound to this.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  backward-char	n ^B
-.IP "\fBbackward-char\fP  \fIn\fP \fB^B\fP"
-Moves the cursor backward \fIn\fP characters.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  backward-word  n ^[B
-.IP "\fBbackward-word\fP  \fIn\fP \fB^[B\fP"
-Moves the cursor backward to the beginning of a word; words consist
-of alphanumerics, underscore (_) and dollar ($).
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  beginning-of-history ^[<
-.IP "\fBbeginning-of-history ^[<\fP"
+.It Ic backward-char Ar n Ic ^B
+Moves the cursor backward
+.Ar n
+characters.
+.It Ic backward-word Ar n Ic ^[B
+Moves the cursor backward to the beginning of the word; words consist of
+alphanumerics, underscore
+.Pq Sq _
+and dollar sign
+.Pq Sq $
+characters.
+.It Ic beginning-of-history ^[<
 Moves to the beginning of the history.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  beginning-of-line ^A
-.IP "\fBbeginning-of-line ^A\fP"
+.It Ic beginning-of-line ^A
 Moves the cursor to the beginning of the edited input line.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  capitalize-word n ^[c, ^[C
-.IP "\fBcapitalize-word\fP \fIn\fP \fB^[c\fP, \fB^[C\fP"
-Uppercase the first character in the next \fIn\fP words,
-leaving the cursor past the end of the last word.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  comment ^[#
-If the current line does not begin with a comment character, one
-is added at the beginning of the line and the line is entered (as if
-return had been pressed), otherwise the existing comment characters
-are removed and the cursor is placed at the beginning of the line.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  complete ^[^[
-.IP "\fBcomplete ^[^[\fP"
-Automatically completes as much as is unique of the command name
-or the file name containing the cursor.  If the entire remaining command
-or file name is unique a space is printed after its completion, unless
-it is a directory name in which case \fB/\fP is appended.  If there is
-no command or file name with the current partial word as its
-prefix, a bell character is output (usually causing a audio beep).
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  complete-command ^X^[
-.IP "\fBcomplete-command ^X^[\fP"
-Automatically completes as much as is unique of the command name
-having the partial word up to the cursor as its prefix, as in the
-\fBcomplete\fP command described above.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  complete-file ^[^X
-.IP "\fBcomplete-file ^[^X\fP"
-Automatically completes as much as is unique of the file name having
-the partial word up to the cursor as its prefix, as in the
-\fBcomplete\fP command described above.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  complete-list ^[=
-.IP "\fBcomplete-list ^[=\fP"
+.It Ic capitalize-word Ar n Ic ^[c , ^[C
+Uppercase the first character in the next
+.Ar n
+words, leaving the cursor past the end of the last word.
+.Pp
+If the current line does not being with a comment character, one is added at
+the beginning of the line and the line is entered (as if return had been
+pressed), otherwise the existing comment characters are removed and the cursor
+is placed at the beginning of the line.
+.It Ic complete ^[^[
+Automatically completes as much as is unique of the command name or the file
+name containing the cursor. If the entire remaining command or file name is
+unique, a space is printed after its completion, unless it is a directory name
+in which case
+.Dq /
+is appended. If there is no command or file name with the current partialword
+as its prefix, a bell character is output (usually causing a beep to be
+sounded).
+.It Ic complete-command ^X^[
+Automatically completes as much as is unique of the command name having the
+partial word up to the cursor as its prefix, as in the
+.Ic complete
+command above.
+.It Ic complete-file ^[^X
+Automatically completes as much as is unique of the file name having the
+partial word up to the cursor as its prefix, as in the
+.Ic complete
+command described above.
+.It Ic complete-list ^[=
 List the possible completions for the current word.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  delete-char-backward n ERASE, ^?, ^H
-.IP "\fBdelete-char-backward\fP \fIn\fP \fBERASE\fP, \fB^?\fP, \fB^H\fP"
-Deletes \fIn\fP characters before the cursor.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  delete-char-forward n
-.IP "\fBdelete-char-forward\fP \fIn\fP"
-Deletes \fIn\fP characters after the cursor.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  delete-word-backward n ^[ERASE, ^[^?, ^[^H, ^[h
-.IP "\fBdelete-word-backward\fP \fIn\fP \fB^[ERASE\fP, \fB^[^?\fP, \fB^[^H\fP, \fB^[h\fP"
-Deletes \fIn\fP words before the cursor.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  delete-word-forward n ^[d
-.IP "\fBdelete-word-forward\fP \fIn\fP \fB^[d\fP"
-Deletes characters after the cursor up to the end of \fIn\fP words.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  down-history n ^N
-.IP "\fBdown-history\fP \fIn\fP \fB^N\fP"
-Scrolls the history buffer forward \fIn\fP lines (later).  Each input line
-originally starts just after the last entry in the history buffer, so
-\fBdown-history\fP is not useful until either \fBsearch-history\fP or
-\fBup-history\fP has been performed.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  downcase-word n ^[L, ^[l
-.IP "\fBdowncase-word\fP \fIn\fP \fB^[L\fP, \fB^[l\fP"
-Lowercases the next \fIn\fP words.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  end-of-history ^[>
-.IP "\fBend-of-history ^[>\fP"
+.It Xo Ic delete-char-backward Ar n Ic ERASE ,
+.Ic ^? , ^H
+.Xc
+Deletes
+.Ar n
+characters before the cursor.
+.It Ic delete-char-forward Ar n
+Deletes
+.Ar n
+characters after the cursor.
+.It Xo Ic delete-word-backward Ar n Ic ^[ERASE ,
+.Ic ^[^? , ^[^H , ^[h
+.Xc
+Deletes
+.Ar n
+words before the cursor.
+.It Ic delete-word-forward Ar n Ic ^[d
+Deletes characters after the cursor up to the end of
+.Ar n
+words.
+.It Ic down-history Ar n Ic ^N
+Scrolls the history buffer forward
+.Ar n
+lines (later). Each input line originally starts just after the last entry
+in the history buffer, so
+.Ic down-history
+is not useful until either
+.Ic search-history
+or
+.Ic up-history
+has been performed.
+.It Ic downcase-word Ar n Ic ^[L , ^[l
+Lowercases the next
+.Ar n
+words.
+.It Ic end-of-history ^[>
 Moves to the end of the history.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  end-of-line ^E
-.IP "\fBend-of-line ^E\fP"
+.It Ic end-of-line ^E
 Moves the cursor to the end of the input line.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  eot ^_
-.IP "\fBeot ^_\fP"
+.It Ic eot ^_
 Acts as an end-of-file; this is useful because edit-mode input disables
 normal terminal input canonicalization.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  eot-or-delete n ^D
-.IP "\fBeot-or-delete\fP \fIn\fP \fB^D\fP"
-Acts as eot if alone on a line; otherwise acts as delete-char-forward.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  error
-.IP "\fBerror\fP"
+.It Ic eot-or-delete Ar n Ic ^D
+Acts as
+.Ic eot
+if alone on a line; otherwise acts as
+.Ic delete-char-forward .
+.It Ic error
 Error (ring the bell).
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  exchange-point-and-mark ^X^X
-.IP "\fBexchange-point-and-mark ^X^X\fP"
-Places the cursor where the mark is, and sets the mark to where the
-cursor was.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  expand-file ^[*
-.IP "\fBexpand-file ^[*\fP"
-Appends a * to the current word and replaces the word with
-the result of performing file globbing on the word.
-If no files match the pattern, the bell is rung.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  forward-char n ^F
-.IP "\fBforward-char\fP \fIn\fP \fB^F\fP"
-Moves the cursor forward \fIn\fP characters.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  forward-word n ^[f
-.IP "\fBforward-word\fP \fIn\fP \fB^[f\fP"
-Moves the cursor forward to the end of the \fIn\fPth word.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  goto-history n ^[g
-.IP "\fBgoto-history\fP \fIn\fP \fB^[g\fP"
-Goes to history number \fIn\fP.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  kill-line KILL
-.IP "\fBkill-line KILL\fP"
+.It Ic exchange-point-and-mark ^X^X
+Places the cursor where the mark is and sets the mark to where the cursor was.
+.It Ic expand-file ^[\&*
+Appends a
+.Dq \&*
+to the current word and replaces the word with the result of performing file
+globbing on the word. If no files match the pattern, the bell is rung.
+.It Ic forward-char Ar n Ic ^F
+Moves the cursor forward
+.Ar n
+characters.
+.It Ic forward-word Ar n Ic ^[f
+Moves the cursor forward to the end of the
+.Ar n Ns th
+word.
+.It Ic goto-history Ar n Ic ^[g
+Goes to history number
+.Ar n .
+.It Ic kill-line KILL
 Deletes the entire input line.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  kill-region ^W
-.IP "\fBkill-region ^W\fP"
+.It Ic kill-region ^W
 Deletes the input between the cursor and the mark.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  kill-to-eol n ^K
-.IP "\fBkill-to-eol\fP \fIn\fP \fB^K\fP"
-Deletes the input from the cursor to the end of the line if \fIn\fP is
-not specified, otherwise deletes characters between the cursor and
-column \fIn\fP.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  list ^[?
-.IP "\fBlist ^[?\fP"
-Prints a sorted, columnated list of command names or file names
-(if any) that can complete the partial word containing the cursor.
-Directory names have \fB/\fP appended to them.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  list-command ^X?
-.IP "\fBlist-command ^X?\fP"
-Prints a sorted, columnated list of command names (if any) that
-can complete the partial word containing the cursor.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  list-file ^X^Y
-.IP "\fBlist-file ^X^Y\fP"
-Prints a sorted, columnated list of file names (if any) that can
-complete the partial word containing the cursor.  File type indicators
-are appended as described under \fBlist\fP above.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  newline ^J and ^M
-.IP "\fBnewline ^J\fP, \fB^M\fP"
-Causes the current input line to be processed by the shell.  The
-current cursor position may be anywhere on the line.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  newline-and-next ^O
-.IP "\fBnewline-and-next ^O\fP"
-Causes the current input line to be processed by the shell, and
-the next line from history becomes the current line.  This is
-only useful after an up-history or search-history.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  no-op QUIT
-.IP "\fBno-op QUIT\fP"
+.It Ic kill-to-eol Ar n Ic ^K
+Deletes the input from the cursor to the end of the line if
+.Ar n
+is not specified; otherwise deletes characters between the cursor and column
+.Ar n .
+.It Ic list ^[?
+Prints a sorted, columnated list of command named or file names (if any) that
+can complete the partial word containing the cursor. Directoary names have
+.Dq /
+appended to them.
+.It Ic list-command ^X?
+Prints a sorted, columnated list of command names (if any) that can complete
+the partial word containg the cursor.
+.It Ic list-file ^X^Y
+Prints a sorted, comunated list of file names (if any) that can complete the
+partial word containing the cursor. File type indicators are appended as
+described under
+.Ic list
+above.
+.It Ic newline ^J , ^M
+Causes the current input line to be processed by the shell. The current cursor
+position may be anywhere on the line.
+.It Ic newline-and-next ^O
+Causes the current input line to be processed by the shell, and the next line
+from history becomes the current line. This is only useful after an
+.Ic up-history
+or
+.ic search-history .
+.It Ic no-op QUIT
 This does nothing.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  prefix-1 ^[
-.IP "\fBprefix-1 ^[\fP"
+.It Ic prefix-1 ^[
 Introduces a 2-character command sequence.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  prefix-2 ^X and ^[[
-.IP "\fBprefix-2 ^X\fP"
-.IP "\fBprefix-2 ^[[\fP"
+.It Ic prefix-2 ^X
+.It Ic prefix-2 ^[[
 Introduces a 2-character command sequence.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  prev-hist-word ^[. ^[_
-.IP "\fBprev-hist-word\fP \fIn\fP \fB^[.\fP, \fB^[_\fP"
-The last (\fIn\fPth) word of the previous command is inserted at the cursor.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  quote ^^
-.IP "\fBquote ^^\fP"
-The following character is taken literally rather than as an editing
-command.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  redraw ^L
-.IP "\fBredraw ^L\fP"
+.It Ic prev-hist-word Ar n Ic ^[\&. , ^{_
+The last
+.Pq Ar n Ns th
+word of the previous command is inserted at the cursor.
+.It Ic quote ^^
+The following character is taken literally rather than as an editing command.
+.It Ic redrew ^L
 Reprints the prompt string and the current input line.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  search-character-backward n ^[^]
-.IP "\fBsearch-character-backward\fP \fIn\fP \fB^[^]\fP"
-Search backward in the current line for the \fIn\fPth occurance of the
-next character typed.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  search-character-forward n ^]
-.IP "\fBsearch-character-forward\fP \fIn\fP \fB^]\fP"
-Search forward in the current line for the \fIn\fPth occurance of the
-next character typed.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  search-history ^R
-.IP "\fBsearch-history ^R\fP"
-Enter incremental search mode.  The internal history list is searched
-backwards for commands matching the input.  An initial \fB^\fP in the
-search string anchors the search.  The abort key will leave search mode.
-Other commands will be executed after leaving search mode.  Successive
-\fBsearch-history\fP commands continue searching backward to the next
-previous occurrence of the pattern.  The history buffer retains only a
-finite number of lines; the oldest are discarded as necessary.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  set-mark-command ^[<space>
-.IP "\fBset-mark-command ^[\fP<space>"
+.It Ic search-character-backward Ar n Ic ^[^]
+Search backward in the current line for the
+.Ar n Ns th
+occurrence of the next character typed.
+.It Ic search-character-forward Ar n Ic ^]
+Search forward in the current line for the
+.Ar n Ns th
+occurrence of the next character typed.
+.It Ic search-history ^R
+Enter incremental search mode. The internal history list is searched
+backwards for commands matching the input. An initial
+.Dq ^
+in the search string anchors the search. The abort key will leave search mode.
+Other commands will be executed after leaving search mode. Successive
+.Ic search-history
+commands continue searching backward to the next previous occurrence of the
+pattern. The history buffer retains only a finite number of lines; the oldest
+are discarded as necessary.
+.It Ic set-mark-command ^[ Ns No <space>
 Set the mark at the cursor position.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  stuff
-.IP "\fBstuff\fP"
-On systems supporting it, pushes the bound character back onto the
-terminal input where it may receive special processing by the terminal
-handler.  This is useful for the BRL \fB^T\fP mini-systat feature, for
-example.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  stuff-reset
-.IP "\fBstuff-reset\fP"
-Acts like \fBstuff\fP, then aborts input the same as an interrupt.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  transport-chars ^T
-.IP "\fBtranspose-chars ^T\fP"
-If at the end of line, or if the \fBgmacs\fP option is set, 
-this exchanges the two previous characters; otherwise, it
-exchanges the previous and current characters and moves the cursor
-one character to the right.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  up-history n ^P
-.IP "\fBup-history\fP \fIn\fP \fB^P\fP"
-Scrolls the history buffer backward \fIn\fP lines (earlier).
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  upcase-word n ^[U, ^[u
-.IP "\fBupcase-word\fP \fIn\fP \fB^[U\fP, \fB^[u\fP"
-Uppercases the next \fIn\fP words.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  version ^V
-.IP "\fBversion ^V\fP"
-Display the version of ksh.  The current edit buffer is restored as soon
-as any key is pressed (the key is then processed, unless it is a space).
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  yank ^Y
-.IP "\fByank ^Y\fP"
+.It Ic stuff
+On systems supporting it, puhses the bound character back onto the terminal
+input where it may receive special processing by the terminal handler. This
+is useful for the BRL ^T mini-systat feature, for example.
+.It Ic stuff-reset
+Acts like
+.Ic stuff ,
+then aborts input the same as an interrupt.
+.It Ic transpose-chars ^T
+If at the end of line, or if the
+.Ic gmacs
+option is set, this exchanges the two previous characters; otherwise, it
+exchanges the previous and current characters and moves the cursor one
+character to the right.
+.It Ic up-history Ar n Ic ^P
+Scrolls the history buffer backward
+.Ar n
+lines (earlier).
+.It Ic upcase-word Ar n Ic ^[U , ^[u
+Uppercase the next
+.Ar n
+words.
+.It Ic version ^V
+Display the version of ksh. The current edit buffer is restored as soon as any
+key is pressed (the key is then processed, unless it is a space).
+.It Ic yank ^Y
 Inserts the most recently killed text string at the current cursor position.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  yank-pop ^[y
-.IP "\fByank-pop ^[y\fP"
-Immediately after a \fByank\fP, replaces the inserted text string with
-the next previous killed text string.
-.\"}}}
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  Vi Interactive Input Line Editing
-.\"{{{  introduction
-.SS "Vi Interactive Input Line Editing"
-The vi command line editor in ksh has basically the same commands as the
-vi editor (see \fIvi\fP(1)), with the following exceptions:
-.nr P2 \n(PD
-.IP \ \ \(bu
-you start out in insert mode,
-.IP \ \ \(bu
-there are file name and command completion commands
-(\fB=\fP, \fB\e\fP, \fB*\fP, \fB^X\fP, \fB^E\fP, \fB^F\fP and,
-optionally, \fB<tab>\fP),
-.IP \ \ \(bu
-the \fB_\fP command is different (in ksh it is the last argument command,
-in vi it goes to the start of the current line),
-.IP \ \ \(bu
-the \fB/\fP and \fBG\fP commands move in the opposite direction as the \fBj\fP
-command
-.IP \ \ \(bu
-and commands which don't make sense in a single line editor are not available
-(\fIe.g.\fP, screen movement commands, ex \fB:\fP commands, \fIetc.\fP).
-.nr PD \n(P2
-.LP
-Note that the \fB^X\fP stands for control-X; also \fB<esc>\fP, \fB<space>\fP
-and \fB<tab>\fP are used for escape, space and tab, respectively (no kidding).
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  modes
-.PP
-Like vi, there are two modes: insert mode and command mode.
-In insert mode, most characters are simply put in the buffer at the
-current cursor position as they are typed, however, some characters
-are treated specially.
-In particular, the following characters are taken from current tty settings
-(see \fIstty\fP(1)) and have their usual meaning (normal values are in
-parentheses):
-kill (\fB^U\fP), erase (\fB^?\fP), werase (\fB^W\fP), eof (\fB^D\fP),
-intr (\fB^C\fP) and quit (\fB^\e\fP).
-In addition to the above, the following characters are also treated
-specially in insert mode:
-.TS
-expand;
-afB lw(4.5i).
-^H	T{
-erases previous character
-T}
-^V	T{
-literal next: the next character typed is not treated specially (can be
-used to insert the characters being described here)
-T}
-^J ^M	T{
-end of line: the current line is read, parsed and executed by the shell
-T}
-<esc>	T{
-puts the editor in command mode (see below)
-T}
-^E	T{
-command and file name enumeration (see below)
-T}
-^F	T{
-command and file name completion (see below).
-If used twice in a row, the list of possible completions is displayed;
-if used a third time, the completion is undone.
-T}
-^X	T{
-command and file name expansion (see below)
-T}
-<tab>	T{
-optional file name and command completion (see \fB^F\fP above), enabled with
-\fBset \-o vi-tabcomplete\fP
-T}
-.TE
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  display
-.PP
-If a line is longer that the screen width (see \fBCOLUMNS\fP parameter),
-a \fB>\fP, \fB+\fP or \fB<\fP character is displayed in the last column
-indicating that there are more characters after, before and after, or
-before the current position, respectively.
-The line is scrolled horizontally as necessary.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  command mode
-.PP
-In command mode, each character is interpreted as a command.
-Characters that don't correspond to commands, are illegal combinations of
-commands or are commands that can't be carried out all cause beeps.
-In the following command descriptions, a \fIn\fP indicates the
-command may be prefixed by a number (\fIe.g.\fP, \fB10l\fP moves right 10
-characters); if no number prefix is used, \fIn\fP is assumed to be 1
-unless otherwise specified.
-The term `current position' refers to the position between the cursor
-and the character preceding the cursor.
-A `word' is a sequence of letters, digits and underscore characters or a
-sequence of non-letter, non-digit, non-underscore, non-white-space characters
-(\fIe.g.\fP, ab2*&^ contains two words) and a `big-word' is a sequence of
-non-white-space characters.
-.\"{{{  Special ksh vi commands
-.IP "Special ksh vi commands"
+.It Ic yank-pop ^[y
+Immediately after a
+.Ic yank ,
+replaces the inserted text string with the next previously killed text string.
+.El
+.Ss Vi interactive input line editing
+The vi command line editor in ksh has basically the same commands as the vi
+editor (see
+.Xr vi 1 ) ,
+with the following exceptions:
+.Bl -bullet
+.It
+You start out in insert mode.
+.It
+There are file name and command completion commands
+.Po
+.Ic = , \e , \&* , ^X ,
+.Ic ^E , ^F ,
+and, optionally,
+.Ic <tab>
+.Pc .
+.It
+The
+.Ic _
+command is different (in ksh it is the last argument command, in vi it goes to
+the start of the current line).
+.It
+The
+.Ic /
+and
+.Ic G
+commands move in the opposite direction as the
+.Ic j
+command.
+.it
+Commands which don't make sense in a single line editor are not available
+(e.g., screen movement command, ex-style
+.Ic \&:
+commands, etc.).
+.El
+.Pp
+Note that the ^X stands for control-X; also <esc>, <space> and <tab> are used
+for escape, space, and tab, respectively (no kidding).
+.Pp
+Like vi, there are two modes --
+.Dq insert
+mode and
+.Dq command
+mode. In insert mode, most characters are simply put in the buffer at the
+current cursor position as they are typed, however, some characters are
+treated specially. In particular, the following characters are taken from
+current tty settings (see
+.Xr tty 1 )
+and have their usual meaning (normal values are in parentheses): kill (^U),
+erase (^?), werase (^W), eof (^D), intr (^C), and quit (^\e). In addition to
+the above, the following characters are also treated specially in insert mode:
+.Bl -tag -width 10n
+.It Ic ^H
+Erases previous character.
+.It Ic ^V
+Liternal next. The next character typed is not treated specially (can be used
+to insert the characters being described here).
+.It Ic ^J ^M
+End of line. The current line is read, parsed and executed by the shell.
+.It Ic <esc>
+Puts the editor in command mode (see below).
+.It Ic ^E
+Command and file name enumeration (see below).
+.It Ic ^F
+Command and file name completion (see below). If used twice in a row, the
+list of possible completions is displayed; if used a third time, the completion
+is undone.
+.It Ic ^X
+Command and file name expansion (see below).
+.It Ic <tab>
+Optional file name and command completion (see
+.Ic ^F
+above), enabled with
+.Ic set Fl o Ic vi-tabcomplete .
+.El
+.Pp
+If a line is longer than the screen width (see
+.Dv COLUMNS
+parameter), a 
+.Dq \&> ,
+.Dq \&+
+or
+.Dq \&<
+character is displayed in the last column indicating that there are more
+characters after, before and after, or before the current position,
+respectively. The line is scrolled horizontally as necessary.
+.Pp
+In command mode, each character is interpreted as a command. Characters that
+don't correspond to commands, are illegal combinations of commands, or are
+commands that can't be carried out all cause beeps. In the following command
+descriptions, an
+.Ar n
+indicates the command may be prefixed by a number (e.g.,
+.Ic 10l
+moves right 10 characters); if no number prefix is used,
+.Ar n
+is assumed to be 1 unless otherwise specified. The term
+.Dq current position
+refers to the position between the cursor and the character preceding the
+cursor. A
+.Dq word
+is a sequence of letters, digits and underscore characters or a sequence of
+non-letter, non-digit, non-underscore, non-whitespace characters (e.g.,
+.Dq ab2\&*\&&^
+contains two words) and a
+.Dq big-word
+is a sequence of non-whitespace characters.
+.Pp
+Special ksh vi commands
+.Pp
 The following commands are not in, or are different from, the normal vi file
 editor:
-.RS
-.IP "\fIn\fP\fB_\fP"
-insert a space followed by the \fIn\fPth big-word from the last command in the
-history at the current position and enter insert mode; if \fIn\fP is not
-specified, the last word is inserted.
-.IP "\fB#\fP"
-insert the comment character (\fB#\fP) at the start of the current line and
-return the line to the shell (equivalent to \fBI#^J\fP).
-.IP "\fIn\fP\fBg\fP"
-like \fBG\fP, except if \fIn\fP is not specified, it goes to the most recent 
-remembered line.
-.IP "\fIn\fP\fBv\fP"
-edit line \fIn\fP using the vi editor; 
-if \fIn\fP is not specified, the current line is edited.
-The actual command executed is
-`\fBfc \-e ${VISUAL:-${EDITOR:-vi}}\fP \fIn\fP'.
-.IP "\fB*\fP and \fB^X\fP"
-command or file name expansion is applied to the current big-word
-(with an appended *, if the word contains no file globing characters) - the
-big-word is replaced with the resulting words.
-If the current big-word is the first on the line (or follows one
-of the following characters: \fB;\fP, \fB|\fP, \fB&\fP, \fB(\fP, \fB)\fP)
-and does not contain a slash (\fB/\fP) then command expansion is done,
-otherwise file name expansion is done.
-Command expansion will match the big-word against all aliases, functions
-and built-in commands as well as any executable files found by searching
-the directories in the \fBPATH\fP parameter.
-File name expansion matches the big-word against the files in the
-current directory.
-After expansion, the cursor is placed just past the last word and the editor
-is in insert mode.
-.IP "\fIn\fP\fB\e\fP, \fIn\fP\fB^F\fP, \fIn\fP\fB<tab>\fP and \fIn\fP\fB<esc>\fP"
-command/file name completion: 
-replace the current big-word with the longest unique
-match obtained after performing command/file name expansion.
-\fB<tab>\fP is only recognized if the \fBvi-tabcomplete\fP option is set,
-while \fB<esc>\fP is only recognized if the \fBvi-esccomplete\fP option
-is set (see \fBset \-o\fP).
-If \fIn\fP is specified, the \fIn\fPth possible
-completion is selected (as reported by the command/file name enumeration
-command).
-.IP "\fB=\fP and \fB^E\fP"
-command/file name enumeration: list all the commands or files that match
-the current big-word.
-.IP "\fB^V\fP"
-display the version of pdksh; it is displayed until another key is pressed
-(this key is ignored).
-.IP "\fB@\fP\fIc\fP"
-macro expansion: execute the commands found in the alias _\fIc\fP.
-.RE
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  Intra-line movement commands
-.IP "Intra-line movement commands"
-.RS
-.IP "\fIn\fP\fBh\fP and \fIn\fP\fB^H\fP"
-move left \fIn\fP characters.
-.IP "\fIn\fP\fBl\fP and \fIn\fP\fB<space>\fP"
-move right \fIn\fP characters.
-.IP "\fB0\fP"
-move to column 0.
-.IP "\fB^\fP"
-move to the first non white-space character.
-.IP "\fIn\fP\fB|\fP"
-move to column \fIn\fP.
-.IP "\fB$\fP"
-move to the last character.
-.IP "\fIn\fP\fBb\fP"
-move back \fIn\fP words.
-.IP "\fIn\fP\fBB\fP"
-move back \fIn\fP big-words.
-.IP "\fIn\fP\fBe\fP"
-move forward to the end the word, \fIn\fP times.
-.IP "\fIn\fP\fBE\fP"
-move forward to the end the big-word, \fIn\fP times.
-.IP "\fIn\fP\fBw\fP"
-move forward \fIn\fP words.
-.IP "\fIn\fP\fBW\fP"
-move forward \fIn\fP big-words.
-.IP "\fB%\fP"
-find match: the editor looks forward for the nearest parenthesis,
-bracket or brace and then moves the to the matching parenthesis, bracket or
-brace.
-.IP "\fIn\fP\fBf\fP\fIc\fP"
-move forward to the \fIn\fPth occurrence of the character \fIc\fP.
-.IP "\fIn\fP\fBF\fP\fIc\fP"
-move backward to the \fIn\fPth occurrence of the character \fIc\fP.
-.IP "\fIn\fP\fBt\fP\fIc\fP"
-move forward to just before the \fIn\fPth occurrence of the character \fIc\fP.
-.IP "\fIn\fP\fBT\fP\fIc\fP"
-move backward to just before the \fIn\fPth occurrence of the character \fIc\fP.
-.IP "\fIn\fP\fB;\fP"
-repeats the last \fBf\fP, \fBF\fP, \fBt\fP or \fBT\fP command.
-.IP "\fIn\fP\fB,\fP"
-repeats the last \fBf\fP, \fBF\fP, \fBt\fP or \fBT\fP command, but moves
-in the opposite direction.
-.RE
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  Inter-line movement commands
-.IP "Inter-line movement commands"
-.RS
-.IP "\fIn\fP\fBj\fP and \fIn\fP\fB+\fP and \fIn\fP\fB^N\fP"
-move to the \fIn\fPth next line in the history.
-.IP "\fIn\fP\fBk\fP and \fIn\fP\fB-\fP and \fIn\fP\fB^P\fP"
-move to the \fIn\fPth previous line in the history.
-.IP "\fIn\fP\fBG\fP"
-move to line \fIn\fP in the history; if \fIn\fP is not specified, the
-number first remembered line is used.
-.IP "\fIn\fP\fBg\fP"
-like \fBG\fP, except if \fIn\fP is not specified, it goes to the most recent 
-remembered line.
-.IP "\fIn\fP\fB/\fP\fIstring\fP"
-search backward through the history for the \fIn\fPth line containing
-\fIstring\fP; if \fIstring\fP starts with \fB^\fP, the remainder of the
-string must appear at the start of the history line for it to match.
-.IP "\fIn\fP\fB?\fP\fIstring\fP"
-same as \fB/\fP, except it searches forward through the history.
-.IP "\fIn\fP\fBn\fP"
-search for the \fIn\fPth occurrence of the last search string; the
-direction of the search is the same as the last search.
-.IP "\fIn\fP\fBN\fP"
-search for the \fIn\fPth occurrence of the last search string; the
-direction of the search is the opposite of the last search.
-.RE
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  Edit commands
-.IP "Edit commands"
-.RS
-.IP "\fIn\fP\fBa\fP"
-append text \fIn\fP times: goes into insert mode just after the current
-position.
-The append is only replicated if command mode is re-entered (\fIi.e.\fP,
-<esc> is used).
-.IP "\fIn\fP\fBA\fP"
-same as \fBa\fP, except it appends at the end of the line.
-.IP "\fIn\fP\fBi\fP"
-insert text \fIn\fP times: goes into insert mode at the current
-position.
-The insertion is only replicated if command mode is re-entered (\fIi.e.\fP,
-<esc> is used).
-.IP "\fIn\fP\fBI\fP"
-same as \fBi\fP, except the insertion is done just before the first non-blank
-character.
-.IP "\fIn\fP\fBs\fP"
-substitute the next \fIn\fP characters (\fIi.e.\fP, delete the characters
-and go into insert mode).
-.IP "\fBS\fP"
-substitute whole line: all characters from the first non-blank character
-to the end of line are deleted and insert mode is entered.
-.IP "\fIn\fP\fBc\fP\fImove-cmd\fP"
-change from the current position to the position resulting from \fIn\fP
-\fImove-cmd\fPs (\fIi.e.\fP, delete the indicated region and go into insert
-mode);
-if \fImove-cmd\fP is \fBc\fP, the line starting from the first non-blank
-character is changed.
-.IP "\fBC\fP"
-change from the current position to the end of the line (\fIi.e.\fP, delete to
-the end of the line and go into insert mode).
-.IP "\fIn\fP\fBx\fP"
-delete the next \fIn\fP characters.
-.IP "\fIn\fP\fBX\fP"
-delete the previous \fIn\fP characters.
-.IP "\fBD\fP"
-delete to the end of the line.
-.IP "\fIn\fP\fBd\fP\fImove-cmd\fP"
-delete from the current position to the position resulting from
-\fIn\fP \fImove-cmd\fPs;
-\fImove-cmd\fP is a movement command (see above) or \fBd\fP, in which case
-the current line is deleted.
-.IP "\fIn\fP\fBr\fP\fIc\fP"
-replace the next \fIn\fP characters with the character \fIc\fP.
-.IP "\fIn\fP\fBR\fP"
-replace: enter insert mode but overwrite existing characters instead of
-inserting before existing characters.  The replacement is repeated \fIn\fP
+.Bl -tag -width 10n
+.It Ar n Ns _
+Insert a space followed by the
+.Ar n Ns th
+big-word from the last command in the history at the current position and enter
+insert mode; if
+.Ar n
+is not specified, the last word is inserted.
+.It Ic \&#
+Insert the comment character
+.Pq Sq #
+at the start of the current line and return the line to the shell (equivalent
+to
+.Ic \&I#^J ) .
+.It Ar n Ns Ic g
+Like
+.Ic G ,
+except if
+.Ar n
+is not specified, it goes to the most recent remembered line.
+.It Ic Ar n Ns Ic v
+Edit line
+.Ar n
+using the vi editor; if
+.Ar n
+is not specified, the current line is edited. The actual command executed is
+.Ic fc Fl e Ic ${VISUAL;-${EDITOR:-vi}} Ar n .
+.It Ic \&* No and Ic ^X
+Command or file name expansion is applied to the current big-word (with an
+appended
+.Dq \&* ,
+if the word contains no file globbing characters) -- the big-word is replaced
+with the resulting words. If the current big-word is the first on the line (or
+follows one of the following characters:
+.Dq \&; ,
+.Dq \&| ,
+.Dq \&& ,
+.Dq \&( ,
+or
+.Dq \&) )
+and does not contain a slash
+.Pq Sq /
+then the command expansion is done; otherwise file name expansion is done.
+Command expansion will match the big-word against all aliases, functions and
+built-in commands as well as any executable files found by searching the
+directories in the
+.Ev PATH
+parameter. File name expansion matches the big-word against the files in the
+current directory. After expansion, the cursor is places just past the last
+word and the editor is in insert mode.
+.It n\e,\ n^F,\ n<tab>,\ and\ n<esc>
+Command/file name completion. Replace the current big-word with the
+longest unique match obtained after performing command and file name expansion.
+.Ic <tab>
+is only recognized if the
+.Ic vi-tabcomplete
+option is set, while
+.Ic <esc>
+is only recognized if the
+.Ic vi-esccomplete
+option is set (see
+.Ic set Fl o ) .
+If
+.Ar n
+is specified, the
+.Ar n Ns th
+possible completion is selected (as reported by the command/file name
+enumeration command).
+.It Ic \&= No and Ic ^E
+Command/file name enumeration. List all the commands or files that match the
+current big-word.
+.It Ic ^V
+Display the version of
+.Nm pdksh ;
+it is displayed until another key is pressed (this key is ignored).
+.It Ic @ Ns Ar c
+Macro expansion. Execute the commands found in the alias
+.Ar c .
+.El
+.Pp
+Intra-line movement commands:
+.Bl -tag -width Ds
+.It Xo Ar n Ns Ic h No and
+.Ar n Ns Ic ^H
+.Xc
+Move left
+.Ar n
+characters.
+.It Xo Ar n Ns Ic l No and
+.Ar n Ns Ic <space>
+.Xc
+Move right
+.Ar n
+characters.
+.It Ic \&0
+Move to column 0.
+.It Ic ^
+Move to the first non-whitespace character.
+.It Ar n Ns Ic \&|
+Move to column
+.Ar n .
+.It Ic $
+Move to the last character.
+.It Ar n Ns Ic b
+Move back
+.Ar n
+words.
+.It Ar n Ns Ic B
+Move back
+.Ar n
+big-words.
+.It Ar n Ns Ic e
+Move forward to the end of the word,
+.Ar n
+times.
+.It Ar n Ns Ic E
+Move forward to the end of the big-word,
+.Ar n
+times.
+.It Ar n Ns Ic w
+Move forward
+.Ar n
+words.
+.It Ar n Ns Ic W
+Move forward
+.Ar n
+big-words.
+.It Ic %
+Find match. The editor looks forward for the nearest parenthesis, bracket or
+brace and then moves the cursor to the matching parenthesis, bracket or brace.
+.It Ar n Ns Ic f Ns Ar c
+Move forward to the
+.Ar n Ns th
+occurrence of the character
+.Ar c .
+.It Ar n Ns Ic F Ns Ar c
+Move backward to the
+.Ar n Ns th
+occurrence of the character
+.Ar c .
+.It Ar n Ns Ic t Ns Ar c
+Move forward to just before the
+.Ar n Ns th
+occurrence of the character
+.Ar c .
+.It Ar n Ns Ic T Ns Ar c
+Move backward to just before the
+.Ar n Ns th
+occurrence of the character
+.Ar c .
+.It Ar n Ns Ic \&;
+Repeats the last
+.Ic f , F , t
+or
+.Ic T
+command.
+.It Ar n Ns Ic \&,
+Repeats the last
+.Ic f , F , t
+or
+.Ic T
+command, but moves in the opposite direction.
+.El
+.Pp
+Inter-line movement commands:
+.Bl -tag -width Ds
+.It nj,\ n+\ and\ n^N
+Move to the
+.Ar n Ns th
+next line in the history.
+.It nk,\ n-\ and\ n^P
+Move to the
+.Ar n Ns th
+previous line in the history.
+.It Ar n Ns Ic G
+Move to line
+.Ar n
+in the history; if
+.Ar n
+is not specified, the number of the first remembered line is used.
+.It Ar n Ns Ic g
+Like
+.Ic G ,
+except if
+.Ar n
+is not specified, it goes to the most recent remembered line.
+.It Ar n Ns Ic / Ns Ar string
+Search backward through the history for the
+.Ar n Ns th
+line containing
+.Ar string ;
+if
+.Ar string
+starts with
+.Dq ^ ,
+the remainder of the string must appear at the start of the history line for
+it to match.
+.It Ar n Ns Ic \&? Ns Ar string
+Same as
+.Ic / ,
+except it searches forward through the history.
+.It Ar n Ns Ic n
+Search for the
+.Ar n Ns th
+occurrence of the last search string; the directory of the search is the same
+as the last search.
+.It Ar n Ns Ic N
+Search for the
+.Ar n Ns th
+occurrence of the last search string; the directory of the search is the
+opposite of the last search.
+.El
+.Pp
+Edit commands
+.Bl -tag -width Ds
+.It Ar n Ns Ic a
+Append text
+.Ar n
+times; goes into insert mode just after the current position. The append is
+only replicated if command mode is re-entered (i.e., <esc> is used).
+.It Ar n Ns Ic A
+Same as
+.Ic a ,
+except it appends at the end of the line.
+.It Ar n Ns Ic i
+Insert text
+.Ar n
+times; goes into insert mode at the current position. The insertion is only
+replicated if command mode is re-entered (i.e., <esc> is used).
+.It Ar n Ns Ic I
+Same as
+.Ic i ,
+except the insertion is done just before the first non-blank character.
+.It Ar n Ns Ic s
+Substitute the next
+.Ar n
+characters (i.e., delete the characters and go into insert mode).
+.It Ic S
+Substitute whole line. All characters from the first non-blank character to the
+end of the line are deleted and insert mode is entered.
+.It Ar n Ns Ic c Ns Ar move-cmd
+Change from the current position to the position resulting from
+.Ar n move-cmd Ns s
+(i.e., delete the indicated region and go into insert mode); if
+.Ar move-cmd
+is
+.Ic c ,
+the line starting from the first non-blank character is changed.
+.It Ic C
+Change from the current position to the end of the line (i.e., delete to the
+end of the line and go into insert mode).
+.It Ar n Ns Ic x
+Delete the next
+.Ar n
+characters.
+.It Ar n Ns Ic X
+Delete the previous
+.Ar n
+characters.
+.It Ic D
+Delete to the end of the line.
+.It Ar n Ns Ic d Ns Ar move-cmd
+Delete from the current position to the position resulting from
+.Ar n move-cmd Ns s ;
+.Ar move-cmd
+is a movement command (see above) or
+.Ic d ,
+in which case the current line is deleted.
+.It Ar n Ns Ic r Ns Ar c
+Replace the next
+.Ar n
+characters with the character
+.Ar c .
+.It Ar n Ns Ic R
+Replace. Enter insert mode but overwrite existing characters instead of
+inserting before existing characters. The replacement is repeated
+.Ar n
+times.
+.It Ar n Ns Ic \&~
+Change the case of the next
+.Ar n
+characters.
+.It Ar n Ns Ic y Ns Ar move-cmd
+Yank from the current position to the position resulting from
+.Ar n move-cmd Ns s
+into the yank buffer; if
+.Ar move-cmd
+is
+.Ic y ,
+the whole line is yanked.
+.It Ic Y
+Yank from the current position to the end of the line.
+.It Ar n Ns Ic p
+Paste the contents of the yank buffer just after the current position,
+.Ar n
+times.
+.It Ar n Ns Ic P
+Same as
+.Ic p ,
+except the buffer is pasted at the current position.
+.El
+.Pp
+Miscellaneous vi commands
+.Pp
+.Bl -tag -width Ds
+.It Ic ^J No and Ic ^M
+The current line is read, parsed and executed by the shell.
+.It Ic ^L No and Ic ^R
+Redraw the current line.
+.It Ar n Ns Ic \&.
+Redo the last edit command
+.Ar n
 times.
-.IP "\fIn\fP\fB~\fP"
-change the case of the next \fIn\fP characters.
-.IP "\fIn\fP\fBy\fP\fImove-cmd\fP"
-yank from the current position to the position resulting from \fIn\fP
-\fImove-cmd\fPs into the yank buffer; if \fImove-cmd\fP is \fBy\fP, the
-whole line is yanked.
-.IP "\fBY\fP"
-yank from the current position to the end of the line.
-.IP "\fIn\fP\fBp\fP"
-paste the contents of the yank buffer just after the current position,
-\fIn\fP times.
-.IP "\fIn\fP\fBP\fP"
-same as \fBp\fP, except the buffer is pasted at the current position.
-.RE
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  Miscellaneous vi commands
-.IP "Miscellaneous vi commands"
-.RS
-.IP "\fB^J\fP and \fB^M\fP"
-the current line is read, parsed and executed by the shell.
-.IP "\fB^L\fP and \fB^R\fP"
-redraw the current line.
-.IP "\fIn\fP\fB.\fP"
-redo the last edit command \fIn\fP times.
-.IP "\fBu\fP"
-undo the last edit command.
-.IP "\fBU\fP"
-undo all changes that have been made to the current line.
-.IP "\fIintr\fP and \fIquit\fP"
-the interrupt and quit terminal characters cause the current line to
-be deleted and a new prompt to be printed.
-.RE
-.\"Has all vi commands except:
-.\"    movement: { } [[ ]] ^E ^Y ^U ^D ^F ^B H L M ()
-.\"    tag commands: ^T ^]
-.\"    mark commands: m ` ' 
-.\"    named-buffer commands: " @
-.\"    file/shell/ex-commands: Q ZZ ^^ : ! &
-.\"    multi-line change commands: o O J
-.\"    shift commands: << >>
-.\"    status command: ^G
-.\"}}}
-.\"}}}
-.\"}}}
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  Files
-.SH FILES
-~/.profile
-.br
-/etc/profile
-.br
-/etc/suid_profile
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  Bugs
-.SH BUGS
-Any bugs in pdksh should be reported to pdksh@cs.mun.ca.  Please
-include the version of pdksh (echo $KSH_VERSION shows it), the machine,
-operating system and compiler you are using and a description of how to
-repeat the bug (a small shell script that demonstrates the bug is
-best).  The following, if relevant (if you are not sure, include them),
-can also helpful: options you are using (both options.h options and set
-\-o options) and a copy of your config.h (the file generated by the
-configure script).  New versions of pdksh can be obtained from
-ftp://ftp.cs.mun.ca/pub/pdksh/.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  Authors
-.SH AUTHORS
+.It Ic u
+Undo the last edit command.
+.It Ic U
+Undo all changes that have been made to the current line.
+.It Ar intr No and Ar quit
+The interrupt and quit terminal characters cause the current line to be
+deleted and a new prompt to be printed.
+.Sh FILES
+.Bl -tag -width "/etc/suid_profile" -compact
+.It Pa ~/.profile
+.It Pa /etc/profile
+.It Pa /etc/suid_profile
+.El
+.Sh SEE ALSO
+.Xr awk 1 ,
+.Xr csh 1 ,
+.Xr ed 1 ,
+.Xr getconf 1 ,
+.Xr getopt 1 ,
+.Xr sed 1 ,
+.Xr sh 1 ,
+.Xr stty 1 ,
+.Xr vi 1 ,
+.Xr dup 2 ,
+.Xr execve 2 ,
+.Xr getgid 2 ,
+.Xr getuid 2 ,
+.Xr open 2 ,
+.Xr pipe 2 ,
+.Xr wait 2 ,
+.Xr getopt 3 ,
+.Xr rand 3 ,
+.Xr signal 3 ,
+.Xr system 3 ,
+.Xr environ 5
+.Pp
+.Rs
+.%A Morris Bolsky and David Korn
+.%T "The KornShell Command and Programming Language"
+.%D 1983
+.%O "ISBN 0-13-516972-0"
+.Re
+.Rs
+.%A Stephen G. Kochan and Patrick H. Wood
+.%T "UNIX Shell Programming"
+.%O "Hayden"
+.Re
+.Rs
+.%A "IEEE Inc."
+.%T "IEEE Standard for Information Technology - Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX) - Part 2: Shell and Utilities"
+.%D 1993
+.%O "ISBN 1-55937-266-9"
+.Re
+.Sh BUGS
+Any bugs in
+.Nm pdksh
+should be reported to pdksh@cs.mun.ca. Please include the version of
+.Nm pdksh
+.Po
+.Ic echo $KSH_VERSION
+shows it
+.Pc ,
+the machine, operating system and compiler you are using and a description of
+how to repeat the bug (a small shell script that demonstrates the bug is best).
+The following, if relevant (if you are not sure, include them), can also be
+helpful: options you are using (both
+.Pa options.h
+and
+.Ic set Fl o Ic options )
+and a copy of your
+.Pa config.h
+(the file generated by the
+.Pa configure
+script). New version of
+.Nm pdksh
+can be obtained from ftp://ftp.cs.mun.ca/pub/pdksh.
+.Sh AUTHORS
 This shell is based on the public domain 7th edition Bourne shell clone by
-Charles Forsyth and parts of the BRL shell by Doug A.\& Gwyn, Doug Kingston,
-Ron Natalie, Arnold Robbins, Lou Salkind and others.  The first release
-of pdksh was created by Eric Gisin, and it was subsequently maintained by
-John R.\& MacMillan (chance!john@sq.sq.com), and
-Simon J.\& Gerraty (sjg@zen.void.oz.au).  The current maintainer is
-Michael Rendell (michael@cs.mun.ca).
-The CONTRIBUTORS file in the source distribution contains a more complete
-list of people and their part in the shell's development.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  See also
-.SH "SEE ALSO"
-awk(1), 
-sh(1),
-csh(1), ed(1), getconf(1), getopt(1), sed(1), stty(1), vi(1),
-dup(2), execve(2), getgid(2), getuid(2), open(2), pipe(2), wait(2),
-getopt(3), rand(3), signal(3), system(3),
-environ(5)
-.PP
-.IR "The KornShell Command and Programming Language" ,
-Morris Bolsky and David Korn, 1989, ISBN 0-13-516972-0.
-.PP
-.\" XXX ISBN missing
-.IR "UNIX Shell Programming" ,
-Stephen G.\& Kochan, Patrick H.\& Wood, Hayden.
-.PP
-.IR "IEEE Standard for information Technology \- Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX) \- Part 2: Shell and Utilities" ,
-IEEE Inc, 1993, ISBN 1-55937-255-9.
-.\"}}}
+Charles Forsyth and parts of the BRL shell by Doug A. Gwyn, Doug Kingston,
+Ron Natalie, Arnold Robbins, Lou Salkind, and others. The first release of
+.Nm pdksh
+was created by Eric Gisin, and it was subsequently maintained by John R.
+MacMillan (change!john@sq.sq.com) and Simon J. Gerraty (sjg@zen.void.oz.au).
+The current maintainer is Michael Rendell (michael@cs.mun.ca). The
+.Pa CONTRIBUTORS
+file in the source distribution contains a more complete list of people and
+their part in the shell's development.
diff --git a/bin/ksh/sh.1 b/bin/ksh/sh.1
index cc5a04e8f4c..c57ec5044a1 100644
--- a/bin/ksh/sh.1
+++ b/bin/ksh/sh.1
@@ -1,2409 +1,3405 @@
-'\" t
-.\"	$OpenBSD: sh.1,v 1.8 1999/01/19 20:41:55 millert Exp $
-.\"{{{}}}
-.\"{{{  Notes about man page
-.\"     - use the pseudo-macros .sh( and .sh) to begin and end sh-specific
-.\"       text and .ksh( and .ksh) for ksh specific text.
-.\"     - put i.e., e.g. and etc. in italics
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  To do
-.\" todo: Things not covered that should be:
-.\"	- distinguish (POSIX) special built-in's, (POSIX) regular built-in's,
-.\"	  and sh/ksh weirdo built-in's (put S,R,X superscripts after command
-.\"	  name in built-in commands section?)
-.\"	- need to be consistent about notation for `See section-name', `
-.\"	  See description of foobar command', `See section section-name', etc.
-.\"	- need to use the term `external command' meaning `a command that is 
-.\"       executed using execve(2)' (as opposed to a built-in command or 
-.\"       function) for more clear description.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  Title
-.TH SH 1 "August 19, 1996" "" "User commands"
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  Name
-.SH NAME
-sh \- Public domain Bourne shell
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  Synopsis
-.SH SYNOPSIS
-.ad l
-\fBsh\fP
-[\fB\(+-abCefhikmnprsuvxX\fP] [\fB\(+-o\fP \fIoption\fP] [ [ \fB\-c\fP \fIcommand-string\fP [\fIcommand-name\fP] | \fB\-s\fP | \fIfile\fP ] [\fIargument\fP ...] ]
-.ad b
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  Description
-.SH DESCRIPTION
-\fBsh\fP is a reimplementation of the Bourne shell, a command
-interpreter for both interactive and script use.
-.\"{{{  Shell Startup
-.SS "Shell Startup"
+.\"	$OpenBSD: sh.1,v 1.9 1999/03/02 23:46:54 aaron Exp $
+.\"
+.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1990, 1993
+.\"     The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
+.\"
+.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+.\" are met:
+.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+.\"    must display the following acknowledgement:
+.\"     This product includes software developed by the University of
+.\"     California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+.\"    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+.\"    without specific prior written permission.
+.\"
+.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
+.\"
+.\"     @(#)ksh.1tbl      8.2 (Berkeley) 8/19/96
+.\"
+.Dd August 19, 1996
+.Dt KSH 1
+.Os BSD 4
+.Sh NAME
+.Nm sh
+.Nd public domain Bourne shell
+.Sh SYNOPSIS
+.Nm sh
+.Op Fl +abCefhikmnprsuvxX
+.Op Fl +o Ar option
+.Oo [ Fl c Ar command-string [
+.Xo Ar command-name ] No \&| Fl s No \&|
+.Ar file No ]\ 
+.Xc
+.Op Ar argument ... Oc
+.Sh DESCRIPTION
+.Nm sh
+is a reimplementation of the Bourne shell, a command interpreter for both
+interactive and script use.
+.Ss Shell startup
 The following options can be specified only on the command line:
-.IP "\fB\-c\fP \fIcommand-string\fP"
-the shell executes the command(s) contained in \fIcommand-string\fP
-.IP \fB\-i\fP
-interactive mode \(em see below
-.IP \fB\-l\fP
-login shell \(em see below
-interactive mode \(em see below
-.IP \fB\-s\fP
-the shell reads commands from standard input; all non-option arguments
-are positional parameters
-.IP \fB\-r\fP
-restricted mode \(em see below
-.PP
-In addition to the above, the options described in the \fBset\fP built-in
-command can also be used on the command line.
-.PP
-If neither the \fB\-c\fP nor the \fB\-s\fP options are specified, the
-first non-option argument specifies the name of a file the shell reads
-commands from; if there are no non-option arguments, the shell reads
-commands from standard input.
-The name of the shell (\fIi.e.\fP, the contents of the \fB$0\fP) parameter
-is determined as follows: if the \fB\-c\fP option is used and there is
-a non-option argument, it is used as the name; if commands are being
-read from a file, the file is used as the name; otherwise the name
-the shell was called with (\fIi.e.\fP, argv[0]) is used.
-.PP
-A shell is \fBinteractive\fP if the \fB\-i\fP option is used or
-if both standard input and standard error are attached to a tty.
-An interactive shell has job control enabled (if available),
-ignores the INT, QUIT and TERM signals, and prints prompts before
-reading input (see \fBPS1\fP and \fBPS2\fP parameters).
-For non-interactive shells, the \fBtrackall\fP option is on by default
-(see \fBset\fP command below).
-.PP
-A shell is \fBrestricted\fP if the \fB\-r\fP option is used or if either
-the basename of the name the shell is invoked with or the \fBSHELL\fP
-parameter match the pattern *r*sh (\fIe.g.\fP, rsh, rksh, rpdksh, \fIetc.\fP).
-The following restrictions come into effect after the shell processes
-any profile and \fB$ENV\fP files:
-.nr P2 \n(PD
-.nr PD 0
-.IP \ \ \(bu
-the \fBcd\fP command is disabled
-.IP \ \ \(bu
-the \fBSHELL\fP, \fBENV\fP and \fBPATH\fP parameters can't be changed
-.IP \ \ \(bu
-command names can't be specified with absolute or relative paths
-.IP \ \ \(bu
-the \fB\-p\fP option of the \fBcommand\fP built-in can't be used
-.IP \ \ \(bu
-redirections that create files can't be used (\fIi.e.\fP, \fB>\fP,
-\fB>|\fP, \fB>>\fP, \fB<>\fP)
-.nr PD \n(P2
-.PP
-A shell is \fBprivileged\fP if the \fB\-p\fP option is used or if
-the real user-id or group-id does not match the effective user-id
-or group-id (see \fIgetuid\fP(2), \fIgetgid\fP(2)).
-A privileged shell does not process $HOME/.profile nor the \fBENV\fP
-parameter (see below), instead the file /etc/suid_profile is processed.
-Clearing the privileged option causes the shell to set its effective
-user-id (group-id) to its real user-id (group-id).
-.PP
-If the basename of the name the shell is called with (\fIi.e.\fP, argv[0])
-starts with \fB\-\fP or if the \fB\-l\fP option is used, the shell is assumed
-to be a login shell and the shell reads and executes the contents of
-\fB/etc/profile\fP and \fB$HOME/.profile\fP if they exist and are readable.
-.PP
-If the \fBENV\fP parameter is set when the shell starts (or, in the
-case of login shells, after any profiles are processed), its value
-is subjected to parameter, command, arithmetic and tilde substitution and
-the resulting file (if any) is read and executed.
-If \fBENV\fP parameter is not set (and not null) and pdksh was compiled
-with the \fBDEFAULT_ENV\fP macro defined, the file named in that macro
-is included (after the above mentioned substitutions have been performed).
-.PP
-The exit status of the shell is 127 if the command file specified
-on the command line could not be opened, or non-zero if a fatal syntax
-error occurred during the execution of a script.
-In the absence of fatal errors, the exit status is that of the last
-command executed, or zero, if no command is executed.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  Command Syntax
-.SS "Command Syntax"
-.\"{{{  words and tokens
-The shell begins parsing its input by breaking it into \fIword\fPs.
-Words, which are sequences of characters, are delimited by unquoted
-\fIwhite-space\fP characters (space, tab and newline) or \fImeta-characters\fP
-(\fB<\fP, \fB>\fP, \fB|\fP, \fB;\fP, \fB&\fP, \fB(\fP and \fB)\fP).
-Aside from delimiting words, spaces and tabs are ignored, while
-newlines usually delimit commands.
-The meta-characters are used in building the following tokens:
-\fB<\fP, \fB<&\fP, \fB<<\fP, \fB>\fP, \fB>&\fP, \fB>>\fP, \fIetc.\fP are
-used to specify redirections (see Input/Output Redirection below);
-\fB|\fP is used to create pipelines;
-\fB;\fP is used to separate commands;
-\fB&\fP is used to create asynchronous pipelines;
-\fB&&\fP and \fB||\fP are used to specify conditional execution;
-\fB;;\fP is used in \fBcase\fP statements;
+.Bl -tag -width Ds
+.It Fl c Ar command-string
+.Nm ksh
+will execute the command(s) contained in
+.Ar command-string .
+.It Fl i
+Interactive mode; see below.
+.It Fl l
+Login shell; see below.
+.It Fl s
+The shell reads commands from standard input; all non-option arguments
+are positional parameters.
+.It Fl r
+Restricted mode; see below.
+.El
+.Pp
+In addition to the above, the options described in the
+.Ic set
+built-in command can also be used on the command line.
+.Pp
+If neither the
+.Fl c
+nor the
+.Fl s
+options are specified, the first non-option argument specifies the name
+of a file the shell reads commands from. If there are no non-option
+arguments, the shell reads commands from the standard input. The name of
+the shell (i.e., the contents of $0) is determined as follows: if the
+.Fl c
+option is used and there is a non-option argument, it is used as the name;
+if commands are being read from a file, the file is used as the name;
+otherwise the name the shell was called with (i.e., argv[0]) is used.
+.Pp
+A shell is
+.Dq interactive
+if the
+.Fl i
+option is used or if both standard input and standard error are attached
+to a tty. An interactive shell has job control enabled (if available),
+ignores the
+.Dv INT ,
+.Dv QUIT ,
+and
+.Dv TERM
+signals, and prints prompts before reading input (see
+.Ev PS1
+and
+.Ev PS2
+parameters).
+For non-interactive shells, the
+.Ic trackall
+option is on by default (see
+.Ic set
+command below).
+.Pp
+A shell is
+.Dq restricted
+if the
+.Fl r
+option is used or if either the basename of the name the shell was invoked
+with or the
+.Ev SHELL
+parameter match the pattern
+.Dq \&*r\&*sh
+(e.g.,
+.Dq rsh ,
+.Dq rksh ,
+.Dq rpdksh ,
+etc.).
+The following restrictions come into effect after the shell processes any
+profile and
+.Ev ENV
+files:
+.Pp
+.Bl -bullet -compact
+.It
+The
+.Ic cd
+command is disabled.
+.It
+The
+.Ev SHELL ,
+.Ev ENV
+and
+.Ev PATH
+parameters cannot be changed.
+.It
+Command names can't be specified with absolute or relative paths.
+.It
+The
+.Fl p
+option of the built-in command
+.Ic command
+can't be used.
+.It
+Redirections that create files can't be used (i.e.,
+.Dq > ,
+.Dq >| ,
+.Dq >> ,
+.Dq <> ) .
+.El
+.Pp
+A shell is
+.Dq privileged
+if the
+.Fl p
+option is used or if the real user ID or group ID does not match the
+effective user ID or group ID (see
+.Xr getuid 2
+and
+.Xr getgid 2 ) .
+A privileged shell does not process
+.Pa $HOME/.profile
+nor the
+.Ev ENV
+parameter (see below). Instead, the file
+.Pa /etc/suid_profile
+is processed. Clearing the privileged option causes the shell to set
+its effective user ID (group ID) to its real user ID (group ID).
+.Pp
+If the basename of the name the shell is called with (i.e., argv[0])
+starts with
+.Dq \&-
+or if the
+.Fl l
+option is used,
+the shell is assumed to be a login shell and the shell reads and executes
+the contents of
+.Pa /etc/profile
+and
+.Pa $HOME/.profile
+if they exist and are readable.
+.Pp
+If the
+.Ev ENV
+parameter is set when the shell starts (or, in the case of login shells,
+after any profiles are processed), its value is subjected to parameter,
+command, arithmetic, and tilde
+.Pq Sq \&~
+substitution and the resulting file
+(if any) is read and executed. If the
+.Ev ENV
+parameter is not set (and not
+.Dv NULL )
+and
+.Nm pdksh
+was compiled with the
+.Dv DEFAULT_ENV
+macro defined, the file named in that macro is included (after the above
+mentioned substitutions have been performed).
+.Pp
+The exit status of the shell is 127 if the command file specified on the
+command line could not be opened, or non-zero if a fatal syntax error
+occurred during the execution of a script. In the absence of fatal errors,
+the exit status is that of the last command executed, or zero, if no
+command is executed.
+.Ss Command syntax
+The shells begins parsing its input by breaking it into
+.Em words .
+Words, which are sequences of characters, are delimited by unquoted whitespace
+characters (space, tab, and newline) or meta-characters
+.Po
+.Dq \&< ,
+.Dq \&> ,
+.Dq \&| ,
+.Dq \&; ,
+.Dq \&( ,
+and
+.Dq \&)
+.Pc .
+Aside from delimiting words, spaces and tabs are ignored, while newlines
+usually delimit commands. The meta-charcters are used in building the
+following tokens:
+.Dq \&< ,
+.Dq \&<\&& ,
+.Dq \&<\&< ,
+.Dq \&> ,
+.Dq \&>\&& ,
+.Dq \&>\&> ,
+etc. are used to specify redirections (see
+.Sx Input/output redirection
+below);
+.Dq \&|
+is used to create pipelines;
+.Dq \&;
+is used to separate commands;
+.Dq \&&
+is used to create asynchronous pipelines;
+.Dq \&&\&&
+and
+.Dq \&|\&|
+are used to specify conditional execution;
+.Dq \&;\&;
+is used in
+.Ic case
+statements;
 and lastly,
-\fB(\fP .. \fB)\fP are used to create subshells.
-.PP
-White-space and meta-characters can be quoted individually using
-backslash (\fB\e\fP), or in groups using double (\fB"\fP) or single (\fB'\fP)
-quotes.
-Note that the following characters are also treated specially by the shell and
-must be quoted if they are to represent themselves:
-\fB\e\fP, \fB"\fP, \fB'\fP, \fB#\fP, \fB$\fP, \fB`\fP, \fB~\fP, \fB{\fP,
-\fB}\fP, \fB*\fP, \fB?\fP and \fB[\fP.
-The first three of these are the above mentioned quoting characters
-(see Quoting below);
-\fB#\fP, if used at the beginning of a word, introduces a comment \(em everything
-after the \fB#\fP up to the nearest newline is ignored;
-\fB$\fP is used to introduce parameter, command and arithmetic substitutions
-(see Substitution below);
-\fB`\fP introduces an old-style command substitution
-(see Substitution below);
-\fB~\fP begins a directory expansion (see Tilde Expansion below);
-\fB{\fP and \fB}\fP delimit \fIcsh\fP(1) style alternations
-(see Brace Expansion below);
-and, finally, \fB*\fP, \fB?\fP and \fB[\fP are used in file name generation
-(see File Name Patterns below).
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  simple-command
-.PP
-As words and tokens are parsed, the shell builds commands, of which
-there are two basic types: \fIsimple-commands\fP, typically programs
-that are executed, and \fIcompound-commands\fP, such as \fBfor\fP and
-\fBif\fP statements, grouping constructs and function definitions.
-.PP
-A simple-command consists of some combination of parameter assignments (see
-Parameters below), input/output redirections (see Input/Output Redirections
-below), and command words; the only restriction is that parameter assignments
-come before any command words.
-The command words, if any, define the command that is to be executed and its
-arguments.
-The command may be a shell built-in command, a function or an \fIexternal
-command\fP, \fIi.e.\fP, a separate executable file that is located using the
-\fBPATH\fP parameter (see Command Execution below).
-Note that all command constructs have an \fIexit status\fP: for external
-commands, this is related to the status returned by \fIwait\fP(2) (if the
-command could not be found, the exit status is 127, if it could not be
-executed, the exit status is 126);
-the exit status of other command constructs (built-in commands, functions,
-compound-commands, pipelines, lists, \fIetc.\fP) are all well defined and are
-described where the construct is described.
-The exit status of a command consisting only of parameter assignments is that
-of the last command substitution performed during the parameter assignment
-or zero if there were no command substitutions.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  pipeline
-.PP
-Commands can be chained together using the \fB|\fP token to
-form \fIpipelines\fP, in which the standard output of each command but
-the last is piped (see \fIpipe\fP(2)) to the standard input of the following
-command.
-The exit status of a pipeline is that of its last command.
-A pipeline may be prefixed by the \fB!\fP reserved word which
-causes the exit status of the pipeline to be logically
-complemented: if the original status was 0 the complemented status will
-be 1, and if the original status was not 0, then the complemented
-status will be 0.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  lists
-.PP
-\fILists\fP of commands can be created by separating pipelines by
-any of the following tokens: \fB&&\fP, \fB||\fP, \fB&\fP, \fB|&\fP and \fB;\fP.
-The first two are for conditional execution: \fIcmd1\fP \fB&&\fP \fIcmd2\fP
-executes \fIcmd2\fP only if the exit status of \fIcmd1\fP is zero;
-\fB||\fP is the opposite \(em \fIcmd2\fP is executed only if the exit status
-of \fIcmd1\fP is non-zero.
-\fB&&\fP and \fB||\fP have equal precedence which is higher than that of
-\fB&\fP, \fB|&\fP and \fB;\fP, which also have equal precedence.
-The \fB&\fP token causes the preceding command to be executed asynchronously,
-that is, the shell starts the command, but does not wait for it to complete
-(the shell does keep track of the status of asynchronous commands \(em see
-Job Control below).
-When an asynchronous command is started when job control is disabled
-(\fIi.e.\fP, in most scripts), the command is started with signals INT
-and QUIT ignored and with input redirected from /dev/null
+.Dq \&( .. \&)
+are used to create subshells.
+.Pp
+Whitespace and meta-characters can be quoted individually using a backslash
+.Pq Sq \e ,
+or in groups using double
+.Pq Sq \&"
+or single
+.Pq Sq \&'
+quotes. Note that the following characters are also treated specially by the
+shell and must be quoted if they are to represent themselves:
+.Dq \e ,
+.Dq \&" ,
+.Dq \&' ,
+.Dq \&# ,
+.Dq \&$ ,
+.Dq \&` ,
+.Dq \&~ ,
+.Dq \&{ ,
+.Dq \&} ,
+.Dq \&* ,
+.Dq \&? ,
+and
+.Dq \&[ .
+The first three of these are the above mentioned quoting characters (see
+.Sx Quoting
+below);
+.Dq \&# ,
+if used at the beginning of a word, introduces a comment -- everything after
+the
+.Dq \&#
+up to the nearest newline is ignored;
+.Dq \&$
+is used to introduce parameter, command and arithmetic substitutions (see
+.Sx Substitution
+below);
+.Dq \&`
+introduces an old-style command substitution (see
+.Sx Substitution
+below);
+.Dq \&~
+begins a directory expansion (see
+.Sx Tilde expansion
+below);
+.Dq \&{
+and
+.Dq \&}
+delimit
+.Xr csh 1
+style alterations (see
+.Sx Brace expansion
+below);
+and, finally,
+.Dq \&* ,
+.Dq \&? ,
+and
+.Dq \&[
+are used in file name generation (see
+.Sx File name patterns
+below).
+.Pp
+As words and tokens are parsed, the shell builds commands, of which there
+are two basic types:
+.Em simple-commands ,
+typically programs that are executed, and
+.Em compound-commands ,
+such as
+.Ic for
+and
+.Ic if
+statements, grouping constructs and function definitions.
+.Pp
+A simple-command consists of some combination of parameter assignments
+(see
+.Sx Parameters
+below),
+input/output redirections (see
+.Sx Input/output redirections
+below),
+and command words; the only restriction is that parameter assignments come
+before any command words. The command words, if any, define the command
+that is to be executed and its arguments. The command may be a shell built-in
+command, a function or an external command (i.e., a separate executable file
+that is located using the
+.Ev PATH
+parameter (see
+.Sx Command execution
+below)).
+Note that all command constructs have an exit status: for external commands,
+this is related to the status returned by
+.Xr wait 2
+(if the command could not be found, the exit status is 127; if it could not
+be executed, the exit status is 126); the exit status of other command
+constructs (built-in commands, functions, compound-commands, pipelines, lists,
+etc.) are all well-defined and are described where the construct is
+described. The exit status of a command consisting only of parameter
+assignments is that of the last command substitution performed during the
+parameter assignment or 0 is there were no command substitutions.
+.Pp
+Commands can be chained together using the
+.Dq \&|
+token to form pipelines, in which the standard output of each command but the
+last is piped (see
+.Xr pipe 2 )
+to the standard input of the following command. The exit status of a pipeline
+is that of its last command. A pipeline may be prefixed by the
+.Dq \&!
+reversed word which causes the exit status of the pipeline to be logically
+complemented: if the original status was 0 the complemented status will be 1;
+if the original status was not 0, the complemented status will be 0.
+.Pp
+.Em Lists
+of commands can be created by separating pipelines by any of the following
+tokens:
+.Dq \&&\&& ,
+.Dq \&|\&| ,
+.Dq \&& ,
+.Dq \&|\&& ,
+and
+.Dq \&; .
+The first two are for conditional execution:
+.Dq Ar cmd1 No && Ar cmd2
+executes
+.Ar cmd2
+only if the exit status of
+.Ar cmd1
+is zero;
+.Dq \&|\&|
+is the opposite --
+.Ar cmd2
+is executed only if the exit status of
+.Ar cmd1
+is non-zero.
+.Dq \&&\&&
+and 
+.Dq \&|\&|
+have equal precedence which is higher that that of
+.Dq \&& ,
+.Dq \&|\&&
+and
+.Dq \&; ,
+which also have equal precedence. The
+.Dq \&&
+token causes the preceding command to be executed asynchronously; that is,
+the shell starts the command but does not wait for it to complete (the shell
+does keep track of the status of asynchronous commands, see
+.Sx Job control
+below). When an asynchronous command is started when job control is disabled
+(i.e., in most scripts), the command is started with signals
+.Dv INT
+and
+.Dv QUIT
+ignored and with input redirected from
+.Pa /dev/null
 (however, redirections specified in the asynchronous command have precedence).
-Note that a command must follow the \fB&&\fP and \fB||\fP operators, while
-a command need not follow \fB&\fP, \fB|&\fP and \fB;\fP.
+Note that a command must follow the
+.Dq \&&\&&
+and
+.Dq \&|\&|
+operators, while it need not follow
+.Dq \&& ,
+.Dq \&|\&&
+or
+.Dq \&; .
 The exit status of a list is that of the last command executed, with the
 exception of asynchronous lists, for which the exit status is 0.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  compound-commands
-.PP
-Compound commands are created using the following reserved words \(em these
-words are only recognized if they are unquoted and if they are used as
-the first word of a command (\fIi.e.\fP, they can't be preceded by parameter
-assignments or redirections):
+.Pp
+Compound commands are created using the following reserved words. These words
+are only recognized if they are unquoted and if they are used as the first
+word of a command (i.e., they can't be preceded by parameter assignments or
+redirections):
+.Pp
 .TS
 center;
 lfB lfB lfB lfB lfB .
-case	else	function	then	!
-do	esac	if	time	[[
-done	fi	in	until	{
-elif	for	select	while	}
+case    else    function        !
+do      esac    if      until   [[
+done    fi      in      while   {
+elif    for     time    then    }
 .TE
-\fBNote:\fP Some shells (but not this one) execute control structure commands
-in a subshell when one or more of their file descriptors are redirected, so
-any environment changes inside them may fail.
-To be portable, the \fBexec\fP statement should be used instead to redirect
-file descriptors before the control structure.
-.PP
+.Pp
+NOTE: Some shells (but not this one) execute control structure commands in a
+subshell when one or more of their file descriptors are redirected, so any
+environment changes inside them may fail. To be portable, the
+.Ic exec
+statement should be used instead to redirect file descriptors before the
+control structure.
+.Pp
 In the following compound command descriptions, command lists (denoted as
-\fIlist\fP) that are followed by reserved words must end with a
-semi-colon, a newline or a (syntactically correct) reserved word.
-For example,
-.RS
-\fB{ echo foo; echo bar; }\fP
-.br
-\fB{ echo foo; echo bar<newline>}\fP
-.br
-\fB{ { echo foo; echo bar; } }\fP
-.RE
+.Em list )
+that are followed by reserved words must end with a semi-colon, a newline or
+a (syntactically correct) reserved word. For example,
+.Pp
+.Bl -inset -indent -compact
+.It Ic { echo foo; echo bar; }
+.It Ic { echo foo; echo bar<newline> }
+.It Ic { { echo foo; echo bar; } }
+.El
+.Pp
 are all valid, but
-.RS
-\fB{ echo foo; echo bar }\fP
-.RE
+.Pp
+.Bl -inset -indent -compact
+.It Ic { echo foo; echo bar }
+.El
+.Pp
 is not.
-.\"{{{  ( list )
-.IP "\fB(\fP \fIlist\fP \fB)\fP"
-Execute \fIlist\fP in a subshell.  There is no implicit way to pass
-environment changes from a subshell back to its parent.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  { list }
-.IP "\fB{\fP \fIlist\fP \fB}\fP"
-Compound construct; \fIlist\fP is executed, but not in a subshell.
-Note that \fB{\fP and \fB}\fP are reserved words, not meta-characters.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  case word in [ [ ( ] pattern [ | pattern ] ... ) list ;; ] ... esac
-.IP "\fBcase\fP \fIword\fP \fBin\fP [ [\fB(\fP] \fIpattern\fP [\fB|\fP \fIpattern\fP] ... \fB)\fP \fIlist\fP \fB;;\fP ] ... \fBesac\fP"
-The \fBcase\fP statement attempts to match \fIword\fP against the specified
-\fIpattern\fPs; the \fIlist\fP associated with the first successfully matched
-pattern is executed.  Patterns used in \fBcase\fP statements are the same as
-those used for file name patterns except that the restrictions regarding
-\fB\&.\fP and \fB/\fP are dropped.  Note that any unquoted space before and
-after a pattern is stripped; any space with a pattern must be quoted.  Both the
-word and the patterns are subject to parameter, command, and arithmetic
-substitution as well as tilde substitution.
-For historical reasons, open and close braces may be used instead
-of \fBin\fP and \fBesac\fP (\fIe.g.\fP, \fBcase $foo { *) echo bar; }\fP).
-The exit status of a \fBcase\fP statement is that of the executed \fIlist\fP;
-if no \fIlist\fP is executed, the exit status is zero.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  for name [ in word ... term ] do list done
-.IP "\fBfor\fP \fIname\fP [ \fBin\fP \fIword\fP ... \fIterm\fP ] \fBdo\fP \fIlist\fP \fBdone\fP"
-where \fIterm\fP is either a newline or a \fB;\fP.
-For each \fIword\fP in the specified word list, the parameter \fIname\fP is
-set to the word and \fIlist\fP is executed.  If \fBin\fP is not used to
-specify a word list, the positional parameters (\fB"$1"\fP, \fB"$2"\fP,
-\fIetc.\fP) are used instead.
-For historical reasons, open and close braces may be used instead
-of \fBdo\fP and \fBdone\fP (\fIe.g.\fP, \fBfor i; { echo $i; }\fP).
-The exit status of a \fBfor\fP statement is the last exit status
-of \fIlist\fP; if \fIlist\fP is never executed, the exit status is zero.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  if list then list [ elif list then list ] ... [ else list ] fi
-.IP "\fBif\fP \fIlist\fP \fBthen\fP \fIlist\fP [\fBelif\fP \fIlist\fP \fBthen\fP \fIlist\fP] ... [\fBelse\fP \fIlist\fP] \fBfi\fP"
-If the exit status of the first \fIlist\fP is zero, the second \fIlist\fP
-is executed; otherwise the \fIlist\fP following the \fBelif\fP, if any, is
-executed with similar consequences.  If all the lists following the \fBif\fP
-and \fBelif\fPs fail (\fIi.e.\fP, exit with non-zero status), the \fIlist\fP
-following the \fBelse\fP is executed.
-The exit status of an \fBif\fP statement is that
-of non-conditional \fIlist\fP that is executed; if no non-conditional
-\fIlist\fP is executed, the exit status is zero.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  select name [ in word ... ] do list done
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  until list do list done
-.IP "\fBuntil\fP \fIlist\fP \fBdo\fP \fIlist\fP \fBdone\fP"
-This works like \fBwhile\fP, except that the body is executed only while the
-exit status of the first \fIlist\fP is non-zero.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  while list do list done
-.IP "\fBwhile\fP \fIlist\fP \fBdo\fP \fIlist\fP \fBdone\fP"
-A \fBwhile\fP is a prechecked loop.  Its body is executed as often
-as the exit status of the first \fIlist\fP is zero.
-The exit status of a \fBwhile\fP statement is the last exit status
-of the \fIlist\fP in the body of the loop; if the body is not executed,
-the exit status is zero.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  function name { list }
-.IP "\fBfunction\fP \fIname\fP \fB{\fP \fIlist\fP \fB}\fP"
-Defines the function \fIname\fP.
-See Functions below.
-Note that redirections specified after a function definition are
-performed whenever the function is executed, not when the function
-definition is executed.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  name () command
-.IP "\fIname\fP \fB()\fP \fIcommand\fP"
-Mostly the same as \fBfunction\fP.
-See Functions below.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  (( expression ))
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  [[ expression ]]
-.\"}}}
-.\"}}}
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  Quoting
-.SS Quoting
+.Bl -tag -width Ds
+.It Ic \&( Ar list Ic \&)
+Execute
+.Ar list
+in a subshell. There is no implicit way to pass environment changes from a
+subshell back to its parent.
+.It Ic \&{ Ar list Ic \&}
+Compound construct;
+.Ar list
+is executed, but not in a subshell. Note that
+.Ic \&{
+and
+.Ic \&}
+are reserved words, not meta-characters.
+.It Xo Ic case Ar word Ic in [
+.Ns [ Ic \&( ] Ar pattern [
+.Ns Ic \&| Ar pattern ] ... Ic \&)
+.Ar list Ic \&;\&;
+.Ns ] Ar ...
+.Ic esac
+.Xc
+The
+.Ic case
+statement attempts to match
+.Ar word
+against the specified
+.Ar pattern Ns s ;
+the
+.Ar list
+associated with the first successfully matched pattern is executed. Patterns
+used in
+.Ic case
+statements are the same as those used for file name patterns except that the
+restrictions regarding
+.Dq \&.
+and
+.Dq \&/
+are dropped. Note that any unquoted space before and after a pattern is
+stripped; any space with a pattern must be quoted. Both the word and the
+patterns are subject to parameter, command and arithmetic substitution as
+well as tilde substitution. For historical reasons, open and close braces
+may be used instead of
+.Ic in
+and
+.Ic esac
+(e.g.,
+.Ic case $foo { *) echo bar; } ) .
+The exit status of a
+.Ic case
+statement is that of the executed
+.Ar list ;
+if no
+.Ar list
+is executed, the exit status is zero.
+.It Xo Ic for Ar name \&[
+.Ic in Ar word Ar ... Ar term \&]
+.Ic do Ar list Ic done
+.Xc
+For each
+.Ar word
+in the specified word list, the parameter
+.Ar name
+is set to the word and
+.Ar list
+is executed. If
+.Ic in
+is not used to specify a word list, the positional parameters ($1, $2, etc.)
+are used instead. For historical reasons, open and clase braces may be used
+instead of
+.Ic do
+and
+.Ic done
+(e.g.,
+.Ic for i\&; { echo $i; } ) .
+The exit status of a
+.Ic for
+statement is the last exit status of
+.Ar list ;
+if
+.Ar list
+is never executed, the exit status is zero.
+.Ar term
+is either a newline or a
+.Dq \&; .
+.It Xo Ic if Ar list Ic then
+.Ar list [ Ic elif Ar list Ic then
+.Ar list ] Ar ... [ Ic else
+.Ar list ] Ic fi
+.Xc
+If the exit status of the first
+.Ar list
+is zero, the second
+.Ar list
+is executed; otherwise the
+.Ar list
+following the
+.Ic elif ,
+if any, is executed with similar consequences. If all the lists following
+the
+.Ic if
+and
+.Ic elif Ns s
+fail (i.e., exit with non-zero status), the
+.Ar list
+following the
+.Ic else
+is executed. The exit status of an
+.Ic if
+statement is that of non-conditional
+.Ar list
+that is executed; if no non-conditional
+.Ar list
+is executed, the exit status is zero.
+.It Xo Ic until Ar list Ic do Ar list
+.Ic done
+.Xc
+This works like
+.Ic while ,
+except that the body is executed only while the exit status of the first
+.Ar list
+is non-zero.
+.It Xo Ic while Ar list Ic do Ar list
+.Ic done
+.Xc
+A
+.Ic while
+is a pre-checked loop. Its body is executed as often as the exit status of
+the first
+.Ar list
+is zero. The exit status of a
+.Ic while
+statement is the last exit status of the
+.Ar list
+in the body of the loop; if the body is not executed, the exit status is zero.
+.It Xo Ic function Ar name Ic \&{
+.Ar list Ic \&}
+.Xc
+Defines the function
+.Ar name
+(see
+.Sx Functions
+below). Note that redirections specified after a function definition are
+performed whenever the function is executed, not when the function definition
+is executed.
+.It Ar name Ic () Ar command
+Mostly the same as
+.Ic function
+(see
+.Sx Functions
+below).
+.El
+.Ss Quoting
 Quoting is used to prevent the shell from treating characters or words
-specially.
-There are three methods of quoting: First, \fB\e\fP quotes
-the following character, unless it is at the end of a line, in which
-case both the \fB\e\fP and the newline are stripped.
-Second, a single quote (\fB'\fP) quotes everything up to the next single
-quote (this may span lines).
-Third, a double quote (\fB"\fP) quotes all characters,
-except \fB$\fP, \fB`\fP and \fB\e\fP, up to the next unquoted double quote.
-\fB$\fP and \fB`\fP inside double quotes have their usual meaning (\fIi.e.\fP,
-parameter, command or arithmetic substitution) except no field splitting
-is carried out on the results of double-quoted substitutions.
-If a \fB\e\fP inside a double-quoted string is followed by \fB\e\fP, \fB$\fP,
-\fB`\fP or \fB"\fP, it is replaced by the second character; if it is
-followed by a newline, both the \fB\e\fP and the newline are stripped;
-otherwise, both the \fB\e\fP and the character following are unchanged.
-.PP
-Note: see POSIX Mode below for a special rule regarding sequences
-of the form \fB"\fP...\fB`\fP...\fB\e"\fP...\fB`\fP..\fB"\fP.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  Aliases
-.SS "Aliases"
-There are two types of aliases: normal command aliases and tracked
-aliases.  Command aliases are normally used as a short hand for a long
-or often used command.  The shell expands command aliases (\fIi.e.\fP,
-substitutes the alias name for its value) when it reads the first word
-of a command.  An expanded alias is re-processed to check for more
-aliases.  If a command alias ends in a space or tab, the following word
-is also checked for alias expansion.  The alias expansion process stops
-when a word that is not an alias is found, when a quoted word is found
-or when an alias word that is currently being expanded is found.
-.PP
+specially. There are three methods of quoting. First,
+.Dq \e
+quotes the following character, unless it is at the end of a line, in which
+case both the
+.Dq \e
+and the newline are stripped. Second, a single quote
+.Pq Sq '
+quotes everything up to the next single quote (this may span lines). Third,
+a double quote
+.Pq Sq \&"
+quotes all characters, except
+.Dq \&$ ,
+.Dq \&`
+and
+.Dq \e ,
+up to the next unquoted double quote.
+.Dq $
+and
+.Dq `
+inside double quotes have their usual meaning (i.e., parameter, command or
+arithmetic substitution) except no field splitting is carried out on the
+results of double-quoted substitutions. If a
+.Dq \e
+inside a double-quoted string is followed by
+.Dq \e ,
+.Dq $ ,
+.Dq ` ,
+or
+.Dq \&" ,
+it is replaced by the second character; if it is followed by a newline, both
+the
+.Dq \e
+and the newline are stripped; otherwise, both the
+.Dq \e
+and the character following are unchanged.
+.Pp
+NOTE: See
+.Sx POSIX mode
+below for a special rule regarding sequences of the form
+.Ic \&"...`...\e\&"...`..\&" .
+.Ss Aliases
+There are two types of aliases: normal command aliases and tracked aliases.
+Command aliases are normally used as a short hand for a long or often used
+command. The shell expands command aliases (i.e., substitutes the alias name
+for its value) when it reads the first word of a command. An expanded alias
+is re-processed to check for more aliases. If a command alias ends in a
+space or tab, the following word is also checked for alias expansion. The
+alias expansion process stops when a word that is not an alias is found, when
+a quoted word is found or when an alias word that is currently being expanded
+is found.
+.Pp
 The following command aliases are defined automatically by the shell:
-.ft B
-.RS
-hash='alias \-t'
-.br
-type='whence \-v'
-.RE
-.ft P
-.PP
+.Pp
+.Bl -item -offset indent -compact
+.It
+.Ic hash='alias -t'
+.It
+.Ic type='whence -v'
+.El
+.Pp
 Tracked aliases allow the shell to remember where it found a particular
-command.  The first time the shell does a path search for a command that
-is marked as a tracked alias, it saves the full path of the command.
-The next time the command is executed, the shell checks the saved path
-to see that it is still valid, and if so, avoids repeating the path
-search.  Tracked aliases can be listed and created using \fBalias
-\-t\fP.  Note that changing the \fBPATH\fP parameter clears the saved
-paths for all tracked aliases.  If the \fBtrackall\fP option is set (\fIi.e.\fP,
-\fBset \-o trackall\fP or \fBset \-h\fP), the shell tracks all
-commands.  This option is set automatically for non-interactive shells.
-For interactive shells, only the following commands are automatically
-tracked: \fBcat\fP, \fBcc\fP, \fBchmod\fP, \fBcp\fP, \fBdate\fP, \fBed\fP,
-\fBemacs\fP, \fBgrep\fP, \fBls\fP, \fBmail\fP, \fBmake\fP, \fBmv\fP,
-\fBpr\fP, \fBrm\fP, \fBsed\fP, \fBsh\fP, \fBvi\fP and \fBwho\fP.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  Substitution
-.SS "Substitution"
-The first step the shell takes in executing a simple-command is to
-perform substitutions on the words of the command.
-There are three kinds of substitution: parameter, command and arithmetic.
-Parameter substitutions, which are described in detail in the next section,
-take the form \fB$name\fP or \fB${\fP...\fB}\fP; command substitutions take
-the form \fB$(\fP\fIcommand\fP\fB)\fP or \fB`\fP\fIcommand\fP\fB`\fP;
-and arithmetic substitutions take the form \fB$((\fP\fIexpression\fP\fB))\fP.
-.PP
+command. The first time the shell does a path search for a command that is
+marked as a tracked alias, it saves the full path of the command. The next
+time the command is executed, the shell checks the saved path to see that it
+is still valid, and if so, avoids repeating the path search. Tracked aliases
+can be listed and created using
+.Ic alias -t .
+Note that changing the
+.Ev PATH
+parameter clears the saved paths for all tracked aliases. If the
+.Ic trackall
+option is set (i.e.,
+.Ic set Fl o Ic trackall
+or
+.Ic set Fl h ) ,
+the shell tracks all commands. This option is set automatically for
+non-interactive shells. For interactive shells, only the following commands are
+automatically tracked:
+.Ic cat , cc , chmod , cp ,
+.Ic date , ed , emacs , grep ,
+.Ic ls , mail , make , mv ,
+.Ic pr , rm , sed , sh ,
+.Ic vi ,
+and
+.Ic who .
+.Ss Substitution
+The first step the shell takes in executing a simple-command is to perform
+substitutions on the words of the command. There are three kinds of
+substitution: parameter, command and arithmetic. Parameter substitutions,
+which are described in detail in the next section, take the form
+.Ic $name
+or
+.Ic ${...} ;
+command substitutions take the form
+.Ic $( Ns Ar command Ns Ic )
+or
+.Ic ` Ns Ar command Ns Ic ` ;
+and arithmetic substitutions take the form
+.Ic $(( Ns Ar expression Ns Ic )) .
+.Pp
 If a substitution appears outside of double quotes, the results of the
 substitution are generally subject to word or field splitting according to
-the current value of the \fBIFS\fP parameter.
-The \fBIFS\fP parameter specifies a list of characters which 
-are used to break a string up into several words;
-any characters from the set space, tab and newline that appear in the
-IFS characters are called \fIIFS white space\fP.
-Sequences of one or more IFS white space characters, in combination with
-zero or one non-IFS white space characters delimit a field.
-As a special case, leading and trailing IFS white space is stripped (\fIi.e.\fP,
-no leading or trailing empty field is created by it); leading or trailing
-non-IFS white space does create an empty field.
-.PP
-Example: if \fBIFS\fP is set to `<space>:', and VAR is set to 
-`<space>A<space>:<space><space>B::D', the substitution for $VAR results
-in four fields: `A', `B', `' and `D'.
-Note that if the \fBIFS\fP parameter is set to the null string, no
-field splitting is done; if the parameter is unset, the default value
-of space, tab and newline is used.
-.PP
-Also, note that the field splitting applies only to immediate result of
-the substitution.  Using the previous example, the substitution for $VAR:E
-results in the fields: `A', `B', `' and `D:E', not `A', `B', `', `D' and `E'.
+the current value of the
+.Ev IFS
+parameter. The
+.Ev IFS
+parameter specifies a list of characters which are used to break a string up
+into several words; any characters from the set space, tab and newline that
+appear in the
+.Ev IFS
+characters are called
+.Dq IFS whitespace .
+Sequences of one or more
+.Ev IFS
+whitespace characters, in combination with zero or none non-IFS whitespace
+characters delimit a field. As a special case, leading and trailing
+.Ev IFS
+whitespace is stripped (i.e., no leading or trailing empty field is created by
+it); leading or trailing non-IFS whitespace does create an empty field.
+.Pp
+Example: If
+.Ev IFS
+is set to
+.Dq <space>: ,
+and VAR is set to
+.Dq <space>A<space>:<space><space>B::D ,
+the substitution for $VAR results in four fields:
+.Dq A ,
+.Dq B ,
+.Dq ,
+and
+.Dq D .
+Note that if the
+.Ev IFS
+parameter is set to the
+.Dv NULL
+string, no field splitting is done; if the parameter is unset, the default
+value of space, tab and newline is used.
+.Pp
+Also, note that the field splitting applies only to the immediate result of
+the substituion. Using the previous example, the substitution for $VAR:E
+results in the fields:
+.Dq A ,
+.Dq B ,
+.Dq ,
+and
+.Dq D:E ,
+not
+.Dq A ,
+.Dq B ,
+.Dq ,
+and
+.Dq E .
 This behavior is POSIX compliant, but incompatible with some other shell
 implementations which do field splitting on the word which contained the
-substitution or use \fBIFS\fP\ as a general whitespace delimiter.
-.PP
-The results of substitution are, unless otherwise specified, also subject
-to brace expansion and file name expansion (see the relevant sections
-below).
-.PP
+substituion or use
+.Dv IFS
+as a general whitespace delimiter.
+.Pp
+The results of substitution are, unless otherwise specified, also subject to
+brace expansion and file name expansion (see the relevant sections below).
+.Pp
 A command substitution is replaced by the output generated by the specified
-command, which is run in a subshell.
-For \fB$(\fP\fIcommand\fP\fB)\fP substitutions, normal quoting rules
-are used when \fIcommand\fP is parsed, however, for the
-\fB`\fP\fIcommand\fP\fB`\fP form, a \fB\e\fP followed by any of
-\fB$\fP, \fB`\fP or \fB\e\fP is stripped (a \fB\e\fP followed by any other
-character is unchanged).
-As a special case in command substitutions, a command of the form
-\fB<\fP \fIfile\fP is interpreted to mean substitute the contents
-of \fIfile\fP ($(< foo) has the same effect as $(cat foo), but it
-is carried out more efficiently because no process is started).
-.br
-.\"todo: fix this( $(..) parenthesis counting).
-NOTE: \fB$(\fP\fIcommand\fP\fB)\fP expressions are currently parsed by
-finding the matching parenthesis, regardless of quoting.  This will hopefully
-be fixed soon.
-.PP
-Arithmetic substitutions are replaced by the value of the specified
-expression.
-For example, the command \fBecho $((2+3*4))\fP prints 14.
-See Arithmetic Expressions for a description of an \fIexpression\fP.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  Parameters
-.SS "Parameters"
-Parameters are shell variables; they can be assigned values and
-their values can be accessed using a parameter substitution.
-A parameter name is either one of the special single punctuation or digit
-character parameters described below, or a letter followed by zero or more
-letters or digits (`_' counts as a letter).
-Parameter substitutions take the form \fB$\fP\fIname\fP or
-\fB${\fP\fIname\fP\fB}\fP, where \fIname\fP is a parameter name.
-If substitution is performed on a parameter that is not set, a null
-string is substituted unless the \fBnounset\fP option (\fBset \-o nounset\fP
-or \fBset \-u\fP) is set, in which case an error occurs.
-.PP
-.\"{{{  parameter assignment
-Parameters can be assigned values in a number of ways.
-First, the shell implicitly sets some parameters like \fB#\fP, \fBPWD\fP,
-etc.; this is the only way the special single character parameters are
-set.
-Second, parameters are imported from the shell's environment at startup.
-Third, parameters can be assigned values on the command line, for example,
-`\fBFOO=bar\fP' sets the parameter FOO to bar; multiple parameter
-assignments can be given on a single command line and they can
-be followed by a simple-command, in which case the assignments are
-in effect only for the duration of the command (such assignments are
-also exported, see below for implications of this).
-Note that both the parameter name and the \fB=\fP must be unquoted for
-the shell to recognize a parameter assignment.
-The fourth way of setting a parameter is with the \fBexport\fP, \fBreadonly\fP
-and \fBtypeset\fP commands; see their descriptions in the Command Execution
-section.
-Fifth, \fBfor\fP and \fBselect\fP loops set parameters as well as
-the \fBgetopts\fP, \fBread\fP and \fBset \-A\fP commands.
-Lastly, parameters can be assigned values using assignment operators
-inside arithmetic expressions (see Arithmetic Expressions below) or
-using the \fB${\fP\fIname\fP\fB=\fP\fIvalue\fP\fB}\fP form
-of parameter substitution (see below).
-.\"}}}
-.PP
-.\"{{{  environment
-Parameters with the export attribute (set using the \fBexport\fP or
-\fBtypeset \-x\fP commands, or by parameter assignments followed by simple
-commands) are put in the environment (see \fIenviron\fP(5)) of commands
-run by the shell as \fIname\fP\fB=\fP\fIvalue\fP pairs.
-The order in which parameters appear in the environment of a command
-is unspecified.
-When the shell starts up, it extracts parameters and their values from its
-environment and automatically sets the export attribute for those parameters.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  ${name[:][-+=?]word}
-.PP
-Modifiers can be applied to the \fB${\fP\fIname\fP\fB}\fP form of parameter
-substitution:
-.IP \fB${\fP\fIname\fP\fB:-\fP\fIword\fP\fB}\fP
-if \fIname\fP is set and not null, it is substituted, otherwise \fIword\fP is
-substituted.
-.IP \fB${\fP\fIname\fP\fB:+\fP\fIword\fP\fB}\fP
-if \fIname\fP is set and not null, \fIword\fP is substituted, otherwise nothing is substituted.
-.IP \fB${\fP\fIname\fP\fB:=\fP\fIword\fP\fB}\fP
-if \fIname\fP is set and not null, it is substituted, otherwise it is
-assigned \fIword\fP and the resulting value of \fIname\fP is substituted.
-.IP \fB${\fP\fIname\fP\fB:?\fP\fIword\fP\fB}\fP
-if \fIname\fP is set and not null, it is substituted, otherwise \fIword\fP
-is printed on standard error (preceded by \fIname\fP:) and an error occurs
-(normally causing termination of a shell script, function or \&.-script).
-If word is omitted the string `parameter null or not set' is used instead.
-.PP
-In the above modifiers, the \fB:\fP can be omitted, in which case the
-conditions only depend on \fIname\fP being set (as opposed to set and
-not null).
-If \fIword\fP is needed, parameter, command, arithmetic and tilde substitution
-are performed on it; if \fIword\fP is not needed, it is not evaluated.
-.\"}}}
-.PP
+command, which is run in a subshell. For
+.Ic $( Ns Ar command Ns Ic )
+substitutions, normal quoting rules are used when
+.Ar command
+is parsed, however, for the
+.Ic ` Ns Ar command Ns Ic `
+form, a
+.Dq \e
+followed by any of
+.Dq $ ,
+.Dq ` ,
+or
+.Dq \e
+is stripped (a
+.Dq \e
+followed by any other character is unchanged). As a special case in command
+substitutions, a command of the form
+.Ic \&< Ar file
+is interpreted to mean substitute the contents of
+.Ar file
+(note that
+.Ic $(< foo)
+has the same effect as
+.Ic $(cat foo) ,
+but it is carried out more efficiently because no process is started).
+.Pp
+NOTE:
+.Ic $( Ns Ar command Ns Ic \&)
+expressions are currently parsed by finding the matching parenthesis,
+regardless of quoting. This will hopefully be fixed soon.
+.Pp
+Arithmetic substitutions are replaced by the value of the specified expression.
+For example, the command
+.Ic echo $((2+3*4))
+prints 14. See
+.Sx Arithmetic expressions
+for a description of an expression.
+.Ss Parameters
+Parameters are shell variables; they can be assigned values and their values
+can be accessed using a parameter substitution. A parameter name is either one
+of the special single punctuation or digit character parameters described
+below, or a letter followed by zero or more letters or digits
+.Po
+.Dq _
+counts as a letter
+.Pc .
+Parameter substitutions take the form
+.Ic $ Ns Ar name
+or
+.Ic ${ Ns Ar name Ns Ic \&} ,
+where
+.Ar name
+is a parameter name. If substitution is performed on a parameter that is not
+set, a
+.Dv NULL
+string is substituted unless the
+.Ic nounset
+option
+.Po
+.Ic set Fl o Ic nounset
+or
+.Ic set Fl u
+.Pc
+is set, in which case an error occurs.
+.Pp
+Parameters can be assigned valued in a number of ways. First, the shell
+implicitly sets some parameters like
+.Ic # , PWD ,
+etc.; this is the only way the special single character parameters are set.
+Second, parameters are imported from the shell's environment at startup. Third,
+parameters can be assigned values on the command line, for example,
+.Ic FOO=bar
+sets the parameter
+.Ev FOO
+to
+.Dq bar ;
+multiple parameter assignments can be given on a single command line and they
+can be followed by a simple-command, in which case the assignments are in
+effect only for the duration of the command (such assignments are also
+exported, see below for implications of this). Note that both the parameter
+name and the
+.Dq =
+must be unquoted for the shell to recognize a parameter assignment. The fourth
+way of setting a parameter is with the
+.Ic export ,
+.Ic readonly
+and
+.Ic typeset
+commands; see their descriptions in the
+.Sx Command execution
+section. Fifth,
+.Ic for
+loops set parameters as well as the
+.Ic getopts ,
+.Ic read
+and
+.Ic set Fl A
+commands. Lastly, parameters can be assigned values using assignment operators
+inside arithmetic expressions (see
+.Sx Arithmetic expressions
+below) or using the
+.Xo Ic ${ Ns Ar name Ns No =
+.Ns Ar value Ns Ic \&}
+.Xc
+form of the parameter substitution (see below).
+.Pp
+Parameters with the export attribute (set using the
+.Ic export
+or
+.Ic typeset Fl x
+commands, or by parameter assignments followed by simple commands) are put in
+the environment (see
+.Xr environ 5 )
+of commands run by the shell as
+.Ar name Ns No = Ns Ar value
+pairs. The order in which parameters appear in the environment of a command is
+unspecified. When the shell starts up, it extracts parameters and their values
+from its environment and automatically sets the export attribute for those
+parameters.
+.Pp
+Modifiers can be applied to the
+.Ic ${ Ns Ar name Ns Ic \&}
+form of parameter substitution:
+.Bl -tag -width Ds
+.It Xo Ic ${ Ns Ar name Ns
+.Ic \&:\&- Ns Ar word Ns Ic \&}
+.Xc
+If
+.Ar name
+is set and not
+.Dv NULL ,
+it is substituted, otherwise
+.Ar word
+is substituted.
+.It Xo Ic ${ Ns Ar name Ns
+.Ic \&:\&+ Ns Ar word Ns Ic \&}
+.Xc
+If
+.Ar name
+is set and not
+.Dv NULL ,
+.Ar word
+is substituted, otherwise nothing is substituted.
+.It Xo Ic ${ Ns Ar name Ns
+.Ic \&:\&= Ns Ar word Ns Ic \&}
+.Xc
+If
+.Ar name
+is set and not
+.Dv NULL ,
+it is substituted, otherwise it is assigned
+.Ar word
+and the resulting value of
+.Ar name
+is substituted.
+.It Xo Ic ${ Ns Ar name Ns
+.Ic \&:\&? Ns Ar word Ns Ic \&}
+.Xc
+If
+.Ar name
+is set and not
+.Dv NULL ,
+it is substituted, otherwise
+.Ar word
+is printed on standard error (preceded by
+.Ar name Ns No \&: )
+and an error occurs (normally causing termination of a shell script, function
+or .-script). If word is omitted the string
+.Dq parameter null or not set
+is used instead.
+.El
+.Pp
+In the above modifiers, the
+.Dq \&:
+can be omitted, in which case the conditions only depand on
+.Ar name
+being set (as opposed to set and not
+.Dv NULL ) .
+If
+.Ar word
+is needed, parameter, command, arithmetic, and tilde substitution are performed
+on it; if
+.Ar word
+is not needed, it is not evaluated.
+.Pp
 The following forms of parameter substitution can also be used:
-.\"{{{  ${#name}
-.IP \fB${#\fP\fIname\fP\fB}\fP
-The number of positional parameters if \fIname\fP is \fB*\fP, \fB@\fP or
-is not specified,
-or the length of the string value of parameter \fIname\fP.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  ${#name[*]}, ${#name[@]}
-.IP "\fB${#\fP\fIname\fP\fB[*]}\fP, \fB${#\fP\fIname\fP\fB[@]}\fP"
-The number of elements in the array \fIname\fP.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  ${name#pattern}, ${name##pattern}
-.IP "\fB${\fP\fIname\fP\fB#\fP\fIpattern\fP\fB}\fP, \fB${\fP\fIname\fP\fB##\fP\fIpattern\fP\fB}\fP"
-If \fIpattern\fP matches the beginning of the value of parameter \fIname\fP,
-the matched text is deleted from the result of substitution.  A single
-\fB#\fP results in the shortest match, two \fB#\fP's results in the
-longest match.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  ${name%pattern}, ${name%%pattern}
-.IP "\fB${\fP\fIname\fP\fB%\fP\fIpattern\fP\fB}\fP, \fB${\fP\fIname\fP\fB%%\fP\fIpattern\fP\fB}\fP"
-Like \fB${\fP..\fB#\fP..\fB}\fP substitution, but it deletes from the end of the
-value.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  special shell parameters
-.PP
+.Bl -tag -width Ds
+.It Ic ${# Ns Ar name Ns Ic \&}
+The number of positional parameters if
+.Ar name
+is
+.Dq \&* ,
+.Dq \&@ ,
+not specified, or the length of the string value of parameter
+.Ar name .
+.It Xo Ic ${# Ns Ar name Ns
+.Ic \&[\&*\&]\&} , ${# Ns Ar name Ns Ic \&[\&@\&]\&}
+.Xc
+The number of elements in the array
+.Ar name .
+.Sm off
+.It Xo
+.Ic ${ Ar name Ic \&# Ar pattern Ic \&},\ \&
+.Ic ${ Ar name Ic \&#\&# Ar pattern Ic \&}
+.Xc
+.Sm on
+If
+.Ar pattern
+matches the beginning of the value of parameter
+.Ar name ,
+the matched text is deleted from the result of substitution. A single
+.Dq \&#
+results in the shortest match, two
+of them results in the longest match.
+.Sm off
+.It Xo
+.Ic ${ Ar name Ic \&% Ar pattern Ic \&},\ \&
+.Ic ${ Ar name Ic \&%\&% Ar pattern Ic \&}
+.Xc
+.Sm on
+Like
+.Ic ${..#..}
+substitution, but it deletes from the end of the value.
+.El
+.Pp
 The following special parameters are implicitly set by the shell and cannot be
 set directly using assignments:
-.\"{{{  !
-.IP \fB!\fP
-Process id of the last background process started.  If no background
-processes have been started, the parameter is not set.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  #
-.IP \fB#\fP
-The number of positional parameters (\fIi.e.\fP, \fB$1\fP, \fB$2\fP,
-\fIetc.\fP).
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  $
-.IP \fB$\fP
-The process ID of the shell, or the PID of the original shell if
-it is a subshell.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  -
-.IP \fB\-\fP
-The concatenation of the current single letter options
-(see \fBset\fP command below for list of options).
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  ?
-.IP \fB?\fP
-The exit status of the last non-asynchronous command executed.
-If the last command was killed by a signal, \fB$?\fP is set to 128 plus
-the signal number.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  0
-.IP "\fB0\fP"
-The name the shell was invoked with (\fIi.e.\fP, \fBargv[0]\fP), or the
-\fBcommand-name\fP if it was invoked with the \fB\-c\fP option and the
-\fBcommand-name\fP was supplied, or the \fIfile\fP argument, if it was
-supplied.
-If the \fBposix\fP option is not set, \fB$0\fP is the name of the current
-function or script.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  1-9
-.IP "\fB1\fP ... \fB9\fP"
-The first nine positional parameters that were supplied to the shell,
-function or \fB.\fP-script.
-Further positional parameters may be accessed using
-\fB${\fP\fInumber\fP\fB}\fP.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  *
-.IP \fB*\fP
-All positional parameters (except parameter 0), 
-\fIi.e.\fP, \fB$1 $2 $3\fP....
-If used outside of double quotes, parameters are separate words
-(which are subjected to word splitting); if used within double quotes,
-parameters are separated by the first character of the \fBIFS\fP parameter
-(or the empty string if \fBIFS\fP is null).
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  @
-.IP \fB@\fP
-Same as \fB$*\fP, unless it is used inside double quotes, in which case
-a separate word is generated for each positional parameter \- if there
-are no positional parameters, no word is generated ("$@" can be used
-to access arguments, verbatim, without loosing null arguments or
-splitting arguments with spaces).
-.\"}}}
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  general shell parameters
-.PP
+.Bl -tag -width "1 ... 9"
+.It Ev \&!
+Process ID of the last background process started. If no background processes
+have been started, the parameter is not set.
+.It Ev \&#
+The number of positional parameters (i.e., $1, $2, etc.).
+.It Ev \&$
+The process ID of the shell, or the PID of the original shell if it is a
+subshell.
+.It Ev \&-
+The concatenation of the current single letter options (see
+.Ic set
+command below for list of options).
+.It Ev \&?
+The exit status of the last non-asynchronous command executed. If the last
+command was killed by a signal,
+.Ic \&$\&?
+is set to 128 plus the signal number.
+.It Ev 0
+The name the shell was invoked with (i.e.,
+.Ic argv[0] ) ,
+or the
+.Ar command-name
+if it was invoked with the
+.Fl c
+option and the
+.Ar command-name
+was supplied, or the
+.Ar file
+argument, if it was supplied. If the
+.Ic posix
+option is not set,
+.Ic \&$0
+is the name of the current function or script.
+.It Ev 1 ... Ev 9
+The first nine positional parameters that were supplied to the shell, function
+or .-script. Further positional parameters may be accessed using
+.Ic ${ Ns Ar number Ns Ic \&} .
+.It Ev \&*
+All positional parameters (except parameter 0), i.e., $1, $2, $3... If used
+outside of double quotes, parameters are separate words (which are subjected
+to word splitting); if used within double quotes, parameters are separated
+by the first character of the
+.Ev IFS
+parameter (or the empty string if
+.Ev IFS
+is
+.Dv NULL ) .
+.It Ev \&@
+Same as
+.Ic \&$\&* ,
+unless it is used inside double quotes, in which case a separate word is
+generated for each positional parameter. If there are no positional parameters,
+no word is generated.
+.Ic \&$\&@
+can be used to access arguments, verbatim, without losing
+.Dv NULL
+arguments or splitting arguments with spaces.
+.El
+.Pp
 The following parameters are set and/or used by the shell:
-.\"{{{  CDPATH
-.IP \fBCDPATH\fP
-Search path for the \fBcd\fP built-in command.  Works the same way as
-\fBPATH\fP for those directories not beginning with \fB/\fP in \fBcd\fP
-commands.
-Note that if CDPATH is set and does not contain \fB.\fP nor an empty path,
-the current directory is not searched.  Also, the \fBcd\fP built-in command
-will display the resulting directory when a match is found in any search path
-other than the than the empty path.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  COLUMNS
-.IP \fBCOLUMNS\fP
-Set to the number of columns on the terminal or window.
-Currently set to the \fBcols\fP value as reported by \fIstty\fP(1) if that
-value is non-zero.
-This parameter is used by the interactive line editing modes, and by
-\fBselect\fP, \fBset \-o\fP and \fBkill \-l\fP commands
-to format information in columns.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  EDITOR
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  ENV
-.IP \fBENV\fP
-If this parameter is found to be set after any profile files are
-executed, the expanded value is used as a shell start-up file.  It
-typically contains function and alias definitions.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  ERRNO
-.IP \fBERRNO\fP
-Integer value of the shell's errno variable \(em indicates the reason
-the last system call failed.
-.\" todo: ERRNO variable
-.sp
-Not implemented yet.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  EXECSHELL
-.IP \fBEXECSHELL\fP
-If set, this parameter is assumed to contain the shell that is to be
-used to execute commands that \fIexecve\fP(2) fails to execute and
-which do not start with a `\fB#!\fP \fIshell\fP' sequence.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  FCEDIT
-.IP \fBFCEDIT\fP
-The editor used by the \fBfc\fP command (see below).
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  FPATH
-.IP \fBFPATH\fP
-Like \fBPATH\fP, but used when an undefined function is executed to locate
-the file defining the function.
-It is also searched when a command can't be found using \fBPATH\fP.
-See Functions below for more information.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  HISTFILE
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  HISTSIZE
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  HOME
-.IP \fBHOME\fP
-The default directory for the \fBcd\fP command and the value
-substituted for an unqualified \fB~\fP (see Tilde Expansion below).
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  IFS
-.IP \fBIFS\fP
-Internal field separator, used during substitution and by the \fBread\fP
-command, to split values into distinct arguments; normally set to
-space, tab and newline.  See Substitution above for details.
-.br
-\fBNote:\fP this parameter is not imported from the environment
-when the shell is started.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  KSH_VERSION
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  SH_VERSION
-.IP \fBSH_VERSION\fP
-The version of shell and the date the version was created (readonly).
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  LINENO
-.IP \fBLINENO\fP
+.Bl -tag -width "EXECSHELL"
+.It Ev CDPATH
+Search path for the
+.Ic cd
+built-in command. Works the same way as
+.Ev PATH
+for those directories not beginning with
+.Dq \&/
+in
+.Ic cd
+commands. Note that if
+.Ev CDPATH
+is set and does not contain
+.Dq \&.
+or contains an empty path, the current directory is not searched. Also, the
+.Ic cd
+built-in command will display the resulting directory when a match is found
+in any search path other than the empty path.
+.It Ev COLUMNS
+Set to the number of columns on the terminal or window. Currently set to the
+.Dq cols
+value as reported by
+.Xr stty 1
+if that value is non-zero. This parameter is used by
+.Ic set Fl o
+and
+.Ic kill -l
+commands to format information columns.
+.It Ev ENV
+If this parameter is found to be set after any profile files are executed, the
+expanded value is used as a shell startup file. It typically contains function
+and alias definitions.
+.It Ev ERRNO
+Integer value of the shell's
+.Va errno
+variable. It indicates the reason the last system call failed. Not yet
+implemented.
+.It Ev EXECSHELL
+If set, this parameter is assumed to contain the shell that is to be used to
+execute commands that
+.Fn execve 2
+fails to execute and which do not start with a
+.Dq \&#\&! Ns Ar shell
+sequence.
+.It Ev FCEDIT
+The editor used by the
+.Ic fc
+command (see below).
+.It Ev FPATH
+Like
+.Ev PATH ,
+but used when an undefined function is executed to locate the file defining the
+function. It is also searched when a command can't be found using
+.Ev PATH .
+See
+.Sx Functions
+below for more information.
+.It Ev HOME
+The default directory for the
+.Ic cd
+command and the value substituted for an unqualified
+.Ic ~
+(see
+.Sx Tilde expansion
+below).
+.It Ev IFS
+Internal field separator, used during substitution and by the
+.Ic read
+command, to split values into distinct arguments; normally set to space, tab
+and newline. See
+.Sx Substitution
+above for details.
+.Pp
+NOTE: This parameter is not imported from the environment when the shell is
+started.
+.It Ev SH_VERSION
+The version of shell and the date the version was created (read-only).
+.It Ev LINENO
 The line number of the function or shell script that is currently being
-executed.
-.\" todo: LINENO variable
-.sp
-Not implemented yet.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  LINES
-.IP \fBLINES\fP
-Set to the number of lines on the terminal or window.
-.\"Currently set to the \fBrows\fP value as reported by \fIstty\fP(1) if that
-.\"value is non-zero.
-.\" todo: LINES variable
-.sp
-Not implemented yet.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  MAIL
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  MAILCHECK
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  MAILPATH
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  OLDPWD
-.IP \fBOLDPWD\fP
-The previous working directory.
-Unset if \fBcd\fP has not successfully changed directories since the
-shell started, or if the shell doesn't know where it is.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  OPTARG
-.IP \fBOPTARG\fP
-When using \fBgetopts\fP, it contains the argument for a parsed option,
-if it requires one.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  OPTIND
-.IP \fBOPTIND\fP
-The index of the last argument processed when using \fBgetopts\fP.
-Assigning 1 to this parameter causes \fBgetopts\fP to
-process arguments from the beginning the next time it is invoked.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  PATH
-.IP \fBPATH\fP
-A colon separated list of directories that are searched when looking
-for commands and \fB.\fP'd files.
-An empty string resulting from a leading or trailing colon, or two adjacent
-colons is treated as a `.', the current directory.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  POSIXLY_CORRECT
-.IP \fBPOSIXLY_CORRECT\fP
-If set, this parameter causes the \fBposix\fP option to be enabled.
-See POSIX Mode below.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  PPID
-.IP \fBPPID\fP
-The process ID of the shell's parent (readonly).
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  PS1
-.IP \fBPS1\fP
-\fBPS1\fP is the primary prompt for interactive shells.
-The prompt is printed verbatim (\fIi.e.\fP, no substitutions are done).
-Default is `\fB$\ \fP' for non-root users, `\fB#\ \fP' for root..
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  PS2
-.IP \fBPS2\fP
-Secondary prompt string, by default `\fB>\fP ', used when more input is
-needed to complete a command.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  PS3
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  PS4
-.IP \fBPS4\fP
-Used to prefix commands that are printed during execution tracing
-(see \fBset \-x\fP command below).
-The prompt is printed verbatim (\fIi.e.\fP, no substitutions are done).
-Default is `\fB+\ \fP'.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  PWD
-.IP \fBPWD\fP
-The current working directory.  Maybe unset or null if shell doesn't
-know where it is.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  RANDOM
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  REPLY
-.IP \fBREPLY\fP
-Default parameter for the \fBread\fP command if no names are given.
-Also used in \fBselect\fP loops to store the value that is read from
-standard input.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  SECONDS
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  TMOUT
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  TMPDIR
-.IP \fBTMPDIR\fP
-The directory shell temporary files are created in.  If this parameter
-is not set, or does not contain the absolute path of a writable
-directory, temporary files are created in \fB/tmp\fP.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  VISUAL
-.\"}}}
-.\"}}}
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  Tilde Expansion
-.SS "Tilde Expansion"
-Tilde expansion, which is done in parallel with parameter substitution,
-is done on words starting with an unquoted \fB~\fP.  The characters
-following the tilde, up to the first \fB/\fP, if any, are assumed to be
-a login name.  If the login name is empty, \fB+\fP or \fB\-\fP, the
-value of the \fBHOME\fP, \fBPWD\fP, or \fBOLDPWD\fP parameter is
-substituted, respectively.  Otherwise, the password file is searched for
-the login name, and the tilde expression is substituted with the
-user's home directory.  If the login name is not found in the password
-file or if any quoting or parameter substitution occurs in the login name,
-no substitution is performed.
-.PP
-In parameter assignments (those preceding a simple-command or those
-occurring in the arguments of \fBalias\fP, \fBexport\fP, \fBreadonly\fP,
-and \fBtypeset\fP), tilde expansion is done after any unquoted colon
-(\fB:\fP), and login names are also delimited by colons.
-.PP
-The home directory of previously expanded login names are cached and
-re-used.  The \fBalias \-d\fP command may be used to list, change and
-add to this cache (\fIe.g.\fP, `alias \-d fac=/usr/local/facilities; cd
-~fac/bin').
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  Brace Expansion
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  File Name Patterns
-.SS "File Name Patterns"
-.PP
-A file name pattern is a word containing one or more unquoted \fB?\fP or
-\fB*\fP characters or \fB[\fP..\fB]\fP sequences.  Once brace expansion has
-been performed, the shell replaces file name patterns with the sorted names
-of all the files that match the pattern (if no files match, the word is
-left unchanged).  The pattern elements have the following meaning:
-.IP \fB?\fP
-matches any single character.
-.IP \fB*\fP
-matches any sequence of characters.
-.IP \fB[\fP..\fB]\fP
-matches any of the characters inside the brackets.  Ranges of characters
-can be specified by separating two characters by a \fB\-\fP, \fIe.g.\fP,
-\fB[a0\-9]\fP matches the letter \fBa\fP or any digit.
-In order to represent itself, a
-\fB\-\fP must either be quoted or the first or last character in the character
-list.  Similarly, a \fB]\fP must be quoted or the first character in the list
-if it is represent itself instead of the end of the list.  Also, a \fB!\fP
+executed. Not yet implemented.
+.It Ev LINES
+Set to the number of lines on the terminal or window. Not yet implemented.
+.It Ev OLDPWD
+The previous working directory. Unset if
+.Ic cd
+has not successfully changed directories since the shell started, or if the
+shell doesn't know where it is.
+.It Ev OPTARG
+When using
+.Ic getopts ,
+it contains the argument for a parsed option, if it requires one.
+.It Ev OPTIND
+The index of the last argument processed when using
+.Ic getopts .
+Assigning 1 to this parameter causes
+.Ic getopts
+to process arguments from the beginning the next time it is invoked.
+.It Ev PATH
+A colon separated list of directories that are searched when looking for
+commands and .'d files. An empty string resulting from a leading or trailing
+colon, or two adjacent colons, is treated as a
+.Dq \&. ,
+the current directory.
+.It Ev POSIXLY_CORRECT
+If set, this parameter causes the
+.Ic posix
+option to be enabled. See
+.Sx POSIX mode
+below.
+.It Ev PPID
+The process ID of the shell's parent (read-only).
+.It Ev PS1
+The prompt is printed verbatim (i.e., no substituions are done).
+Default is
+.Dq \&$\ \&
+for non-root users,
+.Dq \&#\ \&
+for root.
+.It Ev PS2
+Secondary prompt string, by default
+.Dq \&>\ \& ,
+used when more input is needed to complete a command.
+.It Ev PS4
+Used to prefix commands that are printed during execution tracing (see
+.Ic set Fl x
+command below). The prompt is printed verbatim (i.e., no substitutions are
+done). Default is
+.Dq \&+\ \& .
+.It Ev PWD
+The current working directory. May be unset or
+.Dv NULL
+if the shell doesn't know where it is.
+.It Ev REPLY
+Default parameter for the
+.Ic read
+command if no names are given.
+.It Ev TMPDIR
+The directory shell temporary files are created in. If this parameter is not
+set, or does not contain the absolute path of a writable directory, temporary
+files are created in
+.Pa /tmp .
+.El
+.Ss Tilde expansion
+Tilde expansion, which is done in parallel with parameter substitution, is done
+on words starting with an unquoted
+.Dq ~ .
+The characters following the tilde, up to the first
+.Dq / ,
+if any, are assumed to be a login name. If the login name is empty,
+.Dq \&+
+or
+.Dq \&- ,
+the value of the
+.Ev HOME , PWD
+or
+.Ev OLDPWD
+parameter is substituted, respectively. Otherwise, the password file is
+searched for the login name, and the tilde expression is substituted with the
+user's home directory. If the login name is not found in the password file or
+if any quoting or parameter substitution occurs in the login name, no
+substitution is performed.
+.Pp
+In parameter assignments (those preceding a simple-command or those occurring
+in the arguments of
+.Ic alias ,
+.Ic export ,
+.Ic readonly ,
+and
+.Ic typeset ) ,
+tilde expansion is done after any unquoted colon
+.Pq Sq \&: ,
+and login names are also delimited by colons.
+.Pp
+The home directory of previously expanded login names are cached and re-used.
+The
+.Ic alias -d
+command may be used to list, change and add to this cache (e.g.,
+.Ic alias -d fac=/usr/local/facilities; cd ~fac/bin ) .
+.Ss File name patterns
+A file name pattern is a word containing one or more unquoted
+.Dq \&?
+or
+.Dq \&*
+characters or
+.Dq [..]
+sequences. Once brace expansion has been performed, the shell replaces file
+name patterns with the sorted named of all the files that match the pattern
+(if no files match, the word is left unchanged). The pattern elements have the
+following meaning:
+.Bl -tag -width Ds
+.It Ic \&?
+Matches any single character.
+.It Ic \&*
+Matches any sequence of characters.
+.It Ic \&[ Ns No .. Ns Ic \&]
+Matches any of the characters inside the brackets. Ranges of characters can be
+specified by separating two characters by a
+.Dq \&-
+(e.g.,
+.Dq [a0-9]
+matches the letter
+.Dq a
+or any digit). In order to represent itself, a
+.Dq \&-
+must either be quoted or the first or last character in the character list.
+Similarly, a
+.Dq \&]
+must be quoted or the first character in the list if it is to represent itself
+instead of the end of the list. Also, a
+.Dq \&!
 appearing at the start of the list has special meaning (see below), so to
 represent itself it must be quoted or appear later in the list.
-.IP \fB[!\fP..\fB]\fP
-like \fB[\fP..\fB]\fP, except it matches any character not inside the brackets.
-.PP
-Note that pdksh currently never matches \fB.\fP and \fB..\fP, but the original
-ksh, Bourne sh and bash do, so this may have to change (too bad).
-.PP
-Note that none of the above pattern elements match either a period (\fB.\fP)
-at the start of a file name or a slash (\fB/\fP), even if they are explicitly
-used in a \fB[\fP..\fB]\fP sequence; also, the names \fB.\fP and \fB..\fP
-are never matched, even by the pattern \fB.*\fP.
-.PP
-If the \fBmarkdirs\fP option is set, any directories that result from
-file name generation are marked with a trailing \fB/\fP.
-.PP
-.\" todo: implement this ([[:alpha:]], \fIetc.\fP)
-The POSIX character classes (\fIi.e.\fP,
-\fB[:\fP\fIclass-name\fP\fB:]\fP inside a \fB[\fP..\fB]\fP expression)
-are not yet implemented.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  Input/Output Redirection
-.SS "Input/Output Redirection"
-When a command is executed, its standard input, standard output and
-standard error (file descriptors 0, 1 and 2, respectively) are normally
-inherited from the shell.
-Three exceptions to this are commands in pipelines, for which standard input
-and/or standard output are those set up by the pipeline, asynchronous commands
-created when job control is disabled, for which standard input is initially
-set to be from \fB/dev/null\fP, and commands for which any of the following
-redirections have been specified:
-.IP "\fB>\fP \fIfile\fP"
-standard output is redirected to \fIfile\fP.  If \fIfile\fP does not exist,
-it is created; if it does exist, is a regular file and the \fBnoclobber\fP
-option is set, an error occurs, otherwise the file is truncated.
-Note that this means the command \fIcmd < foo > foo\fP will open
-\fIfoo\fP for reading and then truncate it when it opens it for writing,
-before \fIcmd\fP gets a chance to actually read \fIfoo\fP.
-.IP "\fB>|\fP \fIfile\fP"
-same as \fB>\fP, except the file is truncated, even if the \fBnoclobber\fP
+.It Ic \&[\&! Ns No .. Ns Ic \&]
+Like
+.Ic \&[ Ns No .. Ns Ic \&] ,
+except it matches any character not inside the brackets.
+.El
+.Pp
+Note that
+.Nm pdksh
+currently never matches
+.Dq \&.
+and
+.Dq \&.\&. ,
+but the original
+.Xr ksh ,
+Bourne
+.Xr sh
+and
+.Xr bash
+do, so this may have to change (too bad).
+.Pp
+Note that none of the above pattern elements match either a period
+.Pq Sq \&.
+at the start of a file name or a slash
+.Pq Sq / ,
+even if they are explicitly used in a
+.Ic \&[ Ns No .. Ns Ic \&]
+sequence; also, the names
+.Dq \&.
+and
+.Dq \&.\&.
+are never matched, even by the pattern
+.Dq \&.\&* .
+.Pp
+If the
+.Ic markdirs
+option is set, any directories that result from file name generation are marked
+with a trailing
+.Dq / .
+.Pp
+The POSIX character classes (i.e.,
+.Ic \&[\&: Ns Ar class-name Ns Ic \&:\&]
+inside a
+.Ic \&[ Ns No .. Ns Ic \&]
+expression) are not yet implemented.
+.Ss Input/output redirection
+When a command is executed, its standard input, standard output and standard
+error (file descriptors 0, 1 and 2, respectively) are normally inherited from
+the shell. Three exceptions to this are commands in pipelines, for which
+standard input and/or standard output are those set up by the pipeline,
+asynchronous commands created when job control is disabled, for which standard
+input is initially set to be from
+.Pa /dev/null ,
+and commands for which any of the following redirections have been specified:
+.Bl -tag -width Ds
+.It Ic \&> Ar file
+Standard output is redirected to
+.Ar file .
+If
+.Ar file
+does not exist, it is created; if it does exist, is a regular file and the
+.Ic noclobber
+option is set, an error occurs, otherwise the file is truncated. Note that this
+means the command
+.Ic cmd < foo > foo
+will open
+.Ar foo
+for reading and then truncate it when it opens it for writing, before
+.Ar cmd
+gets a chance to actually read
+.Ar foo .
+.It Ic \&>\&| Ar file
+Same as
+.Ic \&> ,
+except the file is truncated, even if the
+.Ic noclobber
 option is set.
-.IP "\fB>>\fP \fIfile\fP"
-same as \fB>\fP, except the file an existing file is appended to instead
-of being truncated.  Also, the file is opened in append mode, so writes
-always go to the end of the file (see \fIopen\fP(2)).
-.IP "\fB<\fP \fIfile\fP"
-standard input is redirected from \fIfile\fP, which is opened for reading.
-.IP "\fB<>\fP \fIfile\fP"
-same as \fB<\fP, except the file is opened for reading and writing.
-.IP "\fB<<\fP \fImarker\fP"
-after reading the command line containing this kind of redirection (called a
-here document), the shell copies lines from the command source into a temporary
-file until a line matching \fImarker\fP is read.
-When the command is executed, standard input is redirected from the temporary
-file.
-If \fImarker\fP contains no quoted characters, the contents of the
-temporary file are processed as if enclosed in double quotes each time
-the command is executed, so parameter, command and arithmetic substitutions
-are performed, along with backslash (\fB\e\fP) escapes for
-\fB$\fP, \fB`\fP, \fB\e\fP and \fB\enewline\fP.
-If multiple here documents are used on the same command line, they are
-saved in order.
-.IP "\fB<<-\fP \fImarker\fP"
-same as \fB<<\fP, except leading tabs are stripped from lines in the
-here document.
-.IP "\fB<&\fP \fIfd\fP"
-standard input is duplicated from file descriptor \fIfd\fP.
-\fIfd\fP can be a single digit, indicating the number of an existing
-file descriptor, the letter \fBp\fP, indicating the file descriptor
-associated with the output of the current co-process, or
-the character \fB\-\fP, indicating standard input is to be closed.
-.IP "\fB>&\fP \fIfd\fP"
-same as \fB<&\fP, except the operation is done on standard output.
-.PP
-In any of the above redirections, the file descriptor that is redirected
-(\fIi.e.\fP, standard input or standard output) can be explicitly given by
-preceding the redirection with a single digit.
-Parameter, command and arithmetic substitutions, tilde substitutions and
-(if the shell is interactive) file name generation are all performed
-on the \fIfile\fP, \fImarker\fP and \fIfd\fP arguments of redirections.
-Note however, that the results of any file name generation are only used
-if a single file is matched; if multiple files match, the word with the
-unexpanded file name generation characters is used.
-Note that in restricted shells, redirections which can create files cannot
-be used.
-.PP
+.It Ic \&>\&> Ar file
+Same as
+.Ic \&> ,
+except if
+.Ar file
+exists it is appended to instead of being truncated. Also, the file is opened
+in append mode, so writes always go to the end of the file (see
+.Fn open 2 ) .
+.It Ic \&< Ar file
+Standard input is redirected from
+.Ar file ,
+which is opened for reading.
+.It Ic \&<\&> Ar file
+Same as
+.Ic \&< ,
+except the file is opened for reading and writing.
+.It Ic \&<\&< Ar marker
+After reading the command line containing this kind of redirection (called a
+.Dq here document ) ,
+the shell copies lines from the command source into a termpoary file until a
+line matching
+.Ar marker
+is read. When the command is executed, standard input is redirected from the
+temporary file. If
+.Ar marker
+contains no quoted characters, the contents of the temporary file are processed
+as if enclosed in double quotes each time the command is executed, so
+parameter, command and arithmetic substitutions are performed, along with
+backslash
+.Pq Sq \e
+escapes for
+.Dq \&$ ,
+.Dq ` ,
+.Dq \e ,
+and
+.Dq \enewline .
+If multiple here documents are used on the same command line, they are saved in
+order.
+.It Ic \&<\&<\&- Ar marker
+Same as
+.Ic \&<\&< ,
+except leading tabs are stripped from lines in the here document.
+.It Ic \&<\&& Ar fd
+Standard input is duplicated from file descriptor
+.Ar fd .
+.Ar fd
+can be a single digit, indicating the number of an existing file descriptor;
+the letter
+.Dq p ,
+indicating the file descriptor associated with the output of the current
+co-process; or the character
+.Dq \&- ,
+indicating standard input is to be closed.
+.It Ic \&>\&& Ar fd
+Same as
+.Ic \&<\&& ,
+except the operation is done on standard output.
+.El
+.Pp
+In any of the above redirections, the file descriptor that is redirected (i.e.,
+standard input or standard output) can be explicitly given by preceding the
+redirection with a single digit. Parameter, command and arithmetic
+substitutions, tilde substitutions and (if the shell is interative)
+file name generation are all performed on the
+.Ar file ,
+.Ar marker
+and
+.Ar fd
+arguments of redirections. Note, however, that the results of any file name
+generation are only used if a single file is matched; if multiple files match,
+the word with the expanded file name generation characters is used. Note
+that in restricted shells, redirections which can create files cannot be used.
+.Pp
 For simple-commands, redirections may appear anywhere in the command, for
-compound-commands (\fBif\fP statements, \fIetc.\fP), any redirections must
-appear at the end.
-Redirections are processed after pipelines are created and in the order they
-are given, so
-.RS
-\fBcat /foo/bar 2>&1 > /dev/null | cat \-n\fP
-.RE
+compund-commands
+.Po
+.Ic if
+statements, etc.
+.Pc ,
+any redirections must appear at the end. Redirections are processed after
+pipelines are created and in the order they are given, so
+.Pp
+.Ic cat /foo/bar 2\&>&1 \&> /dev/null \&| cat -n
+.Pp
 will print an error with a line number prepended to it.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  Arithmetic Expressions
-.SS "Arithmetic Expressions"
-Integer arithmetic expressions can be used
-inside \fB$((\fP..\fB))\fP expressions,
-inside array references (\fIe.g.\fP, \fIname\fP\fB[\fP\fIexpr\fP\fB]\fP),
-as numeric arguments to the \fBtest\fP command,
-and as the value of an assignment to an integer parameter.
-.PP
-Expression may contain alpha-numeric parameter identifiers, array
-references, and integer constants and may be combined with the
-following C operators (listed and grouped in increasing order of precedence).
-.TP
+.Ss Arithmetic expressions
+Integer arithmetic expressions can be used with the
+.Ic let
+command, inside
+.Ic $(( Ns No .. Ns Ic ))
+expressions, inside array references (e.g.,
+.Sm off
+.Ar name Ic \&[ Ar expr Ic \&] ) ,
+.Sm on
+as numeric arguments to the
+.Ic test
+command, and as the value of an assignment to an integer parameter.
+.Pp
+Expressions may contain alpha-numeric parameter identifiers, array references,
+and integer constants and may be combined with the following C operators
+(listed and grouped in increasing order of precedence):
+.Pp
 Unary operators:
-\fB+ \- ! ~ ++ --\fP
-.TP
+.Bl -item -offset indent -compact
+.It
+.Ic \&+ \&- \&! \&~ \&+\&+ \&-\&-
+.El
+.Pp
 Binary operators:
-\fB,\fP
-.br
-\fB= *= /= %= += \-= <<= >>= &= ^= |=\fP
-.br
-\fB||\fP
-.br
-\fB&&\fP
-.br
-\fB|\fP
-.br
-\fB^\fP
-.br
-\fB&\fP
-.br
-\fB== !=\fP
-.br
-\fB< <= >= >\fP
-.br
-\fB<< >>\fP
-.br
-\fB+ \-\fP
-.br
-\fB* / %\fP
-.TP
-Ternary operator:
-\fB?:\fP (precedence is immediately higher than assignment)
-.TP
+.Bl -item -offset indent -compact
+.It
+.Ic \&,
+.It
+.Ic = \&*= /= %= \&+= \&-= \&<\&<=
+.Ic \&>\&>= \&&= ^= \&|=
+.It
+.Ic \&|\&|
+.It
+.Ic \&&\&&
+.It
+.Ic \&|
+.It
+.Ic ^
+.It
+.Ic \&&
+.It
+.Ic == \&!=
+.It
+.Ic \&< \&<= \&>= \&>
+.It
+.Ic \&<\&< \&>\&>
+.It
+.Ic \&+ \&-
+.It
+.Ic \&* / %
+.El
+.Pp
+Ternary operators:
+.Bl -item -offset indent -compact
+.It
+.Ic \&?\&:
+(precedence is immediately higher than assignment)
+.El
+.Pp
 Grouping operators:
-\fB( )\fP
-.PP
+.Bl -item -offset indent -compact
+.It
+.Ic \&( \&)
+.El
+.Pp
 Integer constants may be specified with arbitrary bases using the notation
-\fIbase\fP\fB#\fP\fInumber\fP, where \fIbase\fP is a decimal integer specifying
-the base, and \fInumber\fP is a number in the specified base.
-.LP
+.Ar base Ns Ic \&# Ns Ar number ,
+where
+.Ar base
+is a decimal integer specifying the base, and
+.Ar number
+is a number in the specified base.
+.Pp
 The operators are evaluated as follows:
-.RS
-.IP "unary \fB+\fP"
-result is the argument (included for completeness).
-.IP "unary \fB\-\fP"
-negation.
-.IP "\fB!\fP"
-logical not; the result is 1 if argument is zero, 0 if not.
-.IP "\fB~\fP"
-arithmetic (bit-wise) not.
-.IP "\fB++\fP"
-increment; must be applied to a parameter (not a literal or other
-expression) - the parameter is incremented by 1.
-When used as a prefix operator, the result is the incremented value of
-the parameter, when used as a postfix operator, the result is the
-original value of the parameter.
-.IP "\fB++\fP"
-similar to \fB++\fP, except the paramter is decremented by 1.
-.IP "\fB,\fP"
-separates two arithmetic expressions; the left hand side is evaluated first,
-then the right.  The result is value of the expression on the right hand side.
-.IP "\fB=\fP"
-assignment; variable on the left is set to the value on the right.
-.IP "\fB*= /= %= += \-= <<= >>= &= ^= |=\fP"
-assignment operators; \fI<var> <op>\fP\fB=\fP \fI<expr>\fP is the same as
-\fI<var>\fP \fB=\fP \fI<var> <op>\fP \fB(\fP \fI<expr>\fP \fB)\fP.
-.IP "\fB||\fP"
-logical or; the result is 1 if either argument is non-zero, 0 if not.
-The right argument is evaluated only if the left argument is zero.
-.IP "\fB&&\fP"
-logical and; the result is 1 if both arguments are non-zero, 0 if not.
-The right argument is evaluated only if the left argument is non-zero.
-.IP "\fB|\fP"
-arithmetic (bit-wise) or.
-.IP "\fB^\fP"
-arithmetic (bit-wise) exclusive-or.
-.IP "\fB&\fP"
-arithmetic (bit-wise) and.
-.IP "\fB==\fP"
-equal; the result is 1 if both arguments are equal, 0 if not.
-.IP "\fB!=\fP"
-not equal; the result is 0 if both arguments are equal, 1 if not.
-.IP "\fB<\fP"
-less than; the result is 1 if the left argument is less than the right,
-0 if not.
-.IP "\fB<= >= >\fP"
-less than or equal, greater than or equal, greater than.  See <.
-.IP "\fB<< >>\fP"
-shift left (right); the result is the left argument with its bits shifted
-left (right) by the amount given in the right argument.
-.IP "\fB+ - * /\fP"
-addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.
-.IP "\fB%\fP"
-remainder; the result is the remainder of the division of the left argument
-by the right.  The sign of the result is unspecified if either argument
-is negative.
-.IP "\fI<arg1>\fP \fB?\fP \fI<arg2>\fP \fB:\fP \fI<arg3>\fP"
-if \fI<arg1>\fP is non-zero, the result is \fI<arg2>\fP,
-otherwise \fI<arg3>\fP.
-.RE
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  Co-Processes
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  Functions
-.SS "Functions"
-Functions are defined using either Korn shell \fBfunction\fP \fIname\fP
-syntax or the Bourne/POSIX shell \fIname\fP\fB()\fP syntax
-(see below for the difference between the two forms).
-Functions are like \fB.\fP-scripts in that they are executed in
-the current environment, however, unlike \fB.\fP-scripts, shell arguments
-(\fIi.e.\fP, positional parameters, \fB$1\fP, \fIetc.\fP) are never visible
-inside them.
-When the shell is determining the location of a command, functions are
-searched after special built-in commands, and before regular and non-regular
-built-ins, and before the \fBPATH\fP is searched.
-.PP
-An existing function may be deleted using \fBunset \-f\fP \fIfunction-name\fP.
-A list of functions can be obtained using \fBtypeset +f\fP and the
-function definitions can be listed using \fBtypeset \-f\fP.
-\fBautoload\fP (which is an alias for \fBtypeset \-fu\fP) may be used to
-create undefined functions; when an undefined function is executed, the
-shell searches the path specified in the \fBFPATH\fP parameter for a file
-with the same name as the function, which, if found is read and executed.
-If after executing the file, the named function is found to be defined, the
-function is executed, otherwise, the normal command search is continued
-(\fIi.e.\fP, the shell searches the regular built-in command table
-and \fBPATH\fP).
-Note that if a command is not found using \fBPATH\fP, an attempt is
-made to autoload a function using \fBFPATH\fP (this is an undocumented
-feature of the original Korn shell).
-.PP
-Functions can have two attributes, trace and export, which can be set
-with \fBtypeset \-ft\fP and \fBtypeset \-fx\fP, respectively.
-When a traced function is executed, the shell's \fBxtrace\fP option is turned
-on for the functions duration, otherwise the \fBxtrace\fP option is turned off.
-The export attribute of functions is currently not used.  In the original
-Korn shell, exported functions are visible to shell scripts that are executed.
-.PP
+.Pp
+.Bl -tag -width Ds -offset indent
+.It unary Ic \&+
+Result is the argument (included for completeness).
+.It unary Ic \&-
+Negation.
+.It Ic \&!
+Logical NOT; the result is 1 if argument is zero, 0 if not.
+.It Ic \&~
+Arithmetic (bit-wise) NOT.
+.It Ic \&+\&+
+Increment; must be applied to a parameter (not a literal or other expression).
+The parameter is incremented by 1. When used as a prefix operator, the result
+is the incremented value of the parameter; when used as a postfix operator, the
+result is the original value of the parameter.
+.It Ic \&-\&-
+Similar to
+.Ic \&+\&+ ,
+except the parameter is decremented by 1.
+.It Ic \&,
+Separates two arithmetic expressions; the left-hand side is evaluated first,
+then the right. The result is the value of the expression on the right-hand
+side.
+.It Ic =
+Assignment; variable on the left is set to the value on the right.
+.It Xo Ic \&*= /= \&+= \&-= \&<\&<=
+.Ic \&>\&>= \&&= ^= \&|=
+.Xc
+Assignment operators.
+.Ao Ar var Ac
+.Ao Ar op Ac =
+.Ao Ar expr Ac
+is the same as
+.Ao Ar var Ac =
+.Ao Ar var Ac
+.Ao Ar op Ac
+.Ic \&(
+.Ao Ar expr Ac
+.Ic \&) .
+.It Ic \&|\&|
+Logical OR; the result is 1 if either argument is non-zero, 0 if not. The right
+argument is evaluated only if the left argument is zero.
+.It Ic \&&\&&
+Logical AND; the result is 1 if both arguments are non-zero, 0 if not. The
+right argument is evaluated only if the left argument is non-zero.
+.It Ic \&|
+Arithmetic (bit-wise) OR.
+.It Ic ^
+Arithmetic (bit-wise) XOR (exclusive-OR).
+.It Ic \&&
+Arithmetic (bit-wise) AND.
+.It Ic ==
+Equal; the result is 1 if both arguments are equal, 0 if not.
+.It Ic \&!=
+Not equal; the result is 0 if both arguments are equal, 1 if not.
+.It Ic \&<
+Less than; the result is 1 if the left argument is less than the right, 0 if
+not.
+.It Ic \&<= \&>= \&>
+Less than or equal, greater than or equal, greater than. See
+.Ic \&< .
+.It Ic \&<\&< \&>\&>
+Shift left (right); the result is the left argument with its bits shifted left
+(right) by the amount given in the right argument.
+.It Ic \&+ \&- \&* /
+Addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.
+.It Ic %
+Remainder; the result is the remainder of the division of the left argument by
+the right. The sign of the result is unspecified if either argument is
+negative.
+.It Xo Ao Ar arg1 Ac Ic \ \&?
+.Ao Ar arg2 Ac Ic \ \&: Ao Ar arg3 Ac
+.Xc
+If
+.Ao Ar arg1 Ac
+is non-zero, the result is
+.Ao Ar arg2 Ac ,
+otherwise
+.Ao Ar arg3 Ac .
+.El
+.Ss Functions
+Functions are defined using either Korn shell
+.Ic function Ar name
+syntax or the Bourne/POSIX shell
+.Fn name
+syntax (see below for the difference between the two forms). Functions are like
+.Li .-scripts
+in that they are executed in the current environment. Howeer, unlike
+.Li .-scripts ,
+shell arguments (i.e., positional parameters $1, $2, etc.) are never visible
+inside them. When the shell is determining the location of a command, functions
+are searched after special built-in commands, and before regular and
+non-regular built-ins, and before the
+.Ev PATH
+is searched.
+.Pp
+An existing function may be deleted using
+.Ic unset Fl f Ar function-name .
+A list of functions can be obtained using
+.Ic typeset \&+f
+and the function definitions can be listed using
+.Ic typeset \&-f .
+.Ic autoload
+(which is an alias for
+.Ic typeset \&-fu )
+may be used to create undefined functions; when an undefined function is
+executed, the shell searches the path specified in the
+.Ev FPATH
+parameter for a file with the same name as the function, which, if found, is
+read and executed. If after executing the file the named function is found to
+be defined, the function is executed; otherwise, the normal command search is
+continued (i.e., the shell searches the regular built-in command table and
+.Ev PATH ) .
+Note that if a command is not found using
+.Ev PATH ,
+an attempt is made to autoload a function using
+.Ev FPATH
+(this is an undocumented feature of the original Korn shell).
+.Pp
+Functions can have two attributes,
+.Dq trace
+and
+.Dq export ,
+which can be set with
+.Ic typeset \&-ft
+and
+.Ic typeset \&-fx ,
+respectively. When a traced function is executed, the shell's
+.Ic xtrace
+option is turned on for the function's duration; otherwise, the
+.Ic xtrace
+option is turned off. The
+.Dq export
+attribute of functions is currently not used. In the original Korn shell,
+exported functions are visible to shell scripts that are executed.
+.Pp
 Since functions are executed in the current shell environment, parameter
 assignments made inside functions are visible after the function completes.
-If this is not the desired effect, the \fBtypeset\fP command can be used
-inside a function to create a local parameter.
-Note that special parameters (\fIe.g.\fP, \fB$$\fP, \fB$!\fP) can't be
-scoped in this way.
-.PP
-The exit status of a function is that of the last command executed in
-the function.
-A function can be made to finish immediately using the \fBreturn\fP command;
-this may also be used to explicitly specify the exit status.
-.PP
-Functions defined with the \fBfunction\fP reserved word are
-treated differently in the following ways from functions defined with
-the \fB()\fP notation:
-.nr P2 \n(PD
-.nr PD 0
-.IP \ \ \(bu
-the \fB$0\fP parameter is set to the name of the function
-(Bourne-style functions leave \fB$0\fP untouched).
-.IP \ \ \(bu
-parameter assignments preceeding function calls are not kept in
-the shell environment
-(executing Bourne-style functions will keep assignments).
-.IP \ \ \(bu
-\fBOPTIND\fP is saved/reset and restored on entry and exit from the function
-so \fBgetopts\fP can be used properly both inside and outside the function
-(Bourne-style functions leave \fBOPTIND\fP untouched, so using \fBgetopts\fP
-inside a function interferes with using \fBgetopts\fP outside the function).
-.nr PD \n(P2
-In the future, the following differences will also be added:
-.nr P2 \n(PD
-.nr PD 0
-.IP \ \ \(bu
+If this is not the desired effect, the
+.Ic typeset
+command can be used inside a function to create a local parameter. Note that
+special parameters (e.g., $$, $\&!) can't be scoped in this way.
+.Pp
+The exit status of a function is that of the last command executed in the
+function. A function can be made to finish immediately using the
+.Ic return
+command; this may also be used to explicitly specify the exit status.
+.Pp
+Functions defined with the
+.Ic function
+reserved word are treated differently in the following ways from functions
+defined with the
+.Ic \&(\&)
+notation:
+.Bl -bullet
+.It
+The $0 parameter is set to the name of the function (Bourne-style functions
+leave $0 untouched).
+.It
+Parameter assignments preceding function calls are not kept in the shell
+environment (executing Bourne-style functions will keep assignments).
+.It
+.Ev OPTIND
+is saved/reset and restored on entry and exit from the function so
+.Ic getopts
+can be used properly both inside and outside the function (Bourne-style
+functions leave
+.Dv OPTIND
+untouched, so using
+.Ic getopts
+inside a function interferes with using
+.Ic getopts
+outside the function). In the future, the following differences will also be
+added:
+.Bl -bullet -offset indent
+.It
 A separate trap/signal environment will be used during the execution of
-functions.
-This will mean that traps set inside a function will not affect the shell's
-traps and signals that are not ignored in the shell (but may be trapped) will
-have their default effect in a function.
-.IP \ \ \(bu
+functions. This will mean that traps set inside a function will not affect the
+shell's traps and signals that are not ignored in the shell (but may be
+trapped) will have their default effect in a function.
+.It
 The EXIT trap, if set in a function, will be executed after the function
 returns.
-.nr PD \n(P2
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  POSIX mode
-.SS "POSIX Mode"
+.El
+.El
+.Ss POSIX mode
 The shell is intended to be POSIX compliant, however, in some cases, POSIX
-behaviour is contrary either to the original Korn shell behaviour or to
-user convenience.
-How the shell behaves in these cases is determined by the state of
-the posix option (\fBset \-o posix\fP) \(em if it is on, the POSIX behaviour
-is followed, otherwise it is not.
-The \fBposix\fP option is set automatically when the shell starts up
-if the environment contains the \fBPOSIXLY_CORRECT\fP parameter.
-(The shell can also be compiled so that it is in POSIX mode by default,
-however this is usually not desirable).
-.PP
-The following is a list of things that are affected by the state of
-the \fBposix\fP option:
-.nr P2 \n(PD
-.nr PD 0
-.IP \ \ \(bu
-reading of \fB$ENV\fP: if not in posix mode, the \fBENV\fP parameter
-is not expanded and included when the shell starts.
-.IP \ \ \(bu
-\fB\e"\fP inside double quoted \fB`\fP..\fB`\fP command substitutions:
-in posix mode, the \fB\e"\fP is interpreted when the command is interpreted;
-in non-posix mode, the backslash is stripped before the command substitution
-is interpreted.  For example, \fBecho "`echo \e"hi\e"`"\fP produces `"hi"' in
-posix mode, `hi' in non-posix mode.  To avoid problems, use the \fB$(...\fP)
+behaviour is contrary either to the original Korn shell behaviour or to user
+convenience. How the shell behaves in these cases is determined by the state
+of the
+.Ic posix
+option
+.Pq Ic set Fl o Ic posix .
+If it is on, the POSIX behaviour is followed, otherwise it is not. The
+.Ic posix
+option is set automatically when the shell starts up if the environment
+contains the
+.Dv POSIXLY_CORRECT
+parameter. (The shell can also be compiled so that it is in POSIX mode by
+default, however this is usually not desirable).
+.Pp
+The following is a list of things that are affected by the state of the
+.Ic posix
+option:
+.Bl -bullet
+.It
+Reading of
+.Ev $ENV .
+If not in
+.Ic posix
+mode, the
+.Ev ENV
+parameter is not expanded and included when the shell starts.
+.It
+Occurrences of
+.Ic \e\&"
+inside double quoted
+.Ic `\&.\&.`
+command substitutions. In POSIX mode, the
+.Ic \e\&"
+is interpreted when the command is interpreted; in non-POSIX mode, the
+backslash is stripped before the command substitution is interpreted. For
+example,
+.Ic echo \&"`echo \e\&"hi\e\&"`\&"
+produces
+.Dq \&"hi\&"
+in POSIX mode,
+.Dq hi
+in non-POSIX mode. To avoid problems, use the
+.Ic $(...)
 form of command substitution.
-.IP \ \ \(bu
-\fBkill \-l\fP output: in posix mode, signal names are listed one a single line;
-in non-posix mode, signal numbers, names and descriptions are printed in
-columns.
-In future, a new option (\fB\-v\fP perhaps) will be added to distinguish
-the two behaviours.
-.IP \ \ \(bu
-\fBfg\fP exit status: in posix mode, the exit status is 0 if no errors occur;
-in non-posix mode, the exit status is that of the last foregrounded job.
-.IP \ \ \(bu
-\fBgetopts\fP: in posix mode, options must start with a \fB\-\fP; in non-posix
-mode, options can start with either \fB\-\fP or \fB+\fP.
-.IP \ \ \(bu
-brace expansion (also known as alternation): in posix mode, brace expansion
-is disabled; in non-posix mode, brace expansion enabled.
-Note that \fBset \-o posix\fP (or setting the \fBPOSIXLY_CORRECT\fP parameter)
-automatically turns the \fBbraceexpand\fP option off, however it can be
-explicitly turned on later.
-.IP \ \ \(bu
-\fBset \-\fP: in posix mode, this does not clear the \fBverbose\fP or
-\fBxtrace\fP options; in non-posix mode, it does.
-.IP \ \ \(bu
-\fBset\fP exit status: in posix mode, the exit status of set is 0
-if there are no errors; in non-posix mode, the exit status is that of
-any command substitutions performed in generating the set command.
-For example, `\fBset \-\- `false`; echo $?\fP' prints 0 in posix mode,
-1 in non-posix mode.  This construct is used in most shell scripts that
-use the old \fIgetopt\fP(1) command.
-.IP \ \ \(bu
-argument expansion of \fBalias\fP, \fBexport\fP, \fBreadonly\fP, and
-\fBtypeset\fP commands: in posix mode, normal argument expansion done;
-in non-posix mode, field splitting, file globing, brace expansion and
-(normal) tilde expansion are turned off, and assignment tilde expansion
-is turned on.
-.IP \ \ \(bu
-signal specification: in posix mode, signals can be specified as digits only
-if signal numbers match POSIX values (\fIi.e.\fP, HUP=1, INT=2, QUIT=3, ABRT=6,
-KILL=9, ALRM=14, and TERM=15); in non-posix mode, signals can be always digits.
-.IP \ \ \(bu
-alias expansion: in posix mode, alias expansion is only carried out when
-reading command words; in non-posix mode, alias expansion is carried out
-on any word following an alias that ended in a space.
-For example, the following for loop
-.RS
-.ft B
-alias a='for ' i='j'
-.br
-a i in 1 2; do echo i=$i j=$j; done
-.ft P
-.RE
-uses parameter \fBi\fP in posix mode, \fBj\fP in non-posix mode.
-.IP \ \ \(bu
-test: in posix mode, the expression "\fB-t\fP" (preceded by
-some number of "\fB!\fP" arguments) is always true as it is a non-zero length
-string; in non-posix mode, it tests if file descriptor 1 is a tty (\fIi.e.\fP,
-the \fIfd\fP argument to the \fB-t\fP test may be left out and defaults to 1).
-.nr PD \n(P2
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  Command Execution (built-in commands)
-.SS "Command Execution"
+.It
+.Ic kill -l
+output. In POSIX mode, signal names are listed one per line; in non-POSIX mode,
+signal numbers, names and descriptions are printed in columns. In future, a new
+option
+.Po Fl v
+\ perhaps
+.Pc
+will be added to distinguish the two behaviours.
+.It
+.Ic fg
+exit status. In POSIX mode, the exit status is 0 if no errors occur; in
+non-POSIX mode, the exit status is that of the last foregrounded job.
+.It
+.Ic getopts .
+In POSIX mode, options must start with a
+.Dq \&- ;
+in non-POSIX mode, options can start with either
+.Dq \&-
+or
+.Dq \&+ .
+.It
+Brace expansion (also known as alternation). In POSIX mode, brace expansion is
+disabled; in non-POSIX mode, brace expansion is enabled. Note that
+.Ic set Fl o Ic posix
+(or setting the
+.Ev POSIXLY_CORRECT
+parameter) automatically turns the
+.Ic braceexpand
+option off, however, it can be explicitly turned on later.
+.It
+.Ic set \&- .
+In POSIX mode, this does not clear the
+.Ic verbose
+or
+.Ic xtrace
+options; in non-POSIX mode, it does.
+.It
+.Ic set
+exit status. In POSIX mode, the exit status of
+.Ic set
+is 0 if there are no errors; in non-POSIX mode, the exit status is that of any
+command substitutions performed in generating the
+.Ic set
+command. For example,
+.Ic set \&-\&- `false`; echo $?
+prints 0 in POSIX mode, 1 in non-POSIX mode. This construct is used in most
+shell scripts that use the old
+.Xr getopt 1
+command.
+.It
+Argument expansion of
+.Ic alias ,
+.Ic export ,
+.Ic readonly ,
+and
+.Ic typeset
+commands. In POSIX mode, normal argument expansion is done; in non-POSIX mode,
+field splitting, file globbing, brace expansion, and (normal) tilde expansion
+are turned off, while assignment tilde expansion is turned on.
+.It
+Signal specification. In POSIX mode, signals can be specified as digits, only
+if signal numbers match POSIX values (i.e., HUP=1, INT=2, QUIT=3, ABRT=6,
+KILL=9, ALRM=14, and TERM=15); in non-POSIX mode, signals can always be digits.
+.It
+Alias expansion. In POSIX mode, alias expansion is only carried out when
+reading command words; in non-POSIX mode, alias expansion is carried out on any
+word following an alias that ended in a space. For example, the following
+.Ic for
+loop
+.Pp
+.Bl -item -offset indent -compact
+.It
+.Ic alias a='for ' i='j'
+.It
+.Ic a i in 1 2; do echo i=$i j=$j; done
+.El
+.Pp
+uses parameter
+.Ic i
+in POSIX mode,
+.Ic j
+in non-POSIX mode.
+.It
+Test. In POSIX mode, the expression
+.Dq Fl t
+(preceded by some number of
+.Dq Ic \&!
+arguments) is always true as it is a non-zero length string; in non-POSIX mode,
+it tests if file descriptor 1 is a tty (i.e., the
+.Ar fd
+argument to the
+.Fl t
+test may be left out and defaults to 1).
+.El
+.Ss Command execution
 After evaluation of command line arguments, redirections and parameter
-assignments, the type of command is determined: a special built-in,
-a function, a regular built-in or the name of a file to execute found
-using the \fBPATH\fP parameter.
-The checks are made in the above order.
-Special built-in commands differ from other commands in that 
-the \fBPATH\fP parameter is not used to find them, an error
-during their execution can cause a non-interactive shell to exit and
-parameter assignments that are specified before the command are
-kept after the command completes.
-Just to confuse things, if the posix option is turned off (see \fBset\fP
-command below) some special commands are very special in that
-no field splitting, file globing, brace expansion nor tilde expansion
-is preformed on arguments that look like assignments.
-Regular built-in commands are different only in that the \fBPATH\fP
+assignments, the type of command is determined; a special built-in, a function,
+a regular built-in, or the name of a file to execute found using the
+.Ev PATH
+parameter. The checks are made in the above order. Special built-in commands
+differ from other commands in that the
+.Ev PATH
+parameter is not used to find them, and an error during their execution can
+cause a non-interactive shell to exit and parameter assignments that are
+specified before the command are kept after the command completes. Just to
+confuse things, if the
+.Ic posix
+option is turned off (see
+.Ic set
+command below), some special commands are very special in that no field
+splitting, file globbing, brace expansion, nor tilde expansion is performed
+on arguments that look like assignments. Regular built-in commands are
+different only in that the
+.Ev PATH
 parameter is not used to find them.
-.PP
+.Pp
 The original ksh and POSIX differ somewhat in which commands are considered
 special or regular:
-.IP "POSIX special commands"
-.TS
-lw(8m)fB lw(8m)fB lw(8m)fB lw(8m)fB lw(8m)fB .
-\&.	continue	exit	return	trap
-:	eval	export	set	unset
-break	exec	readonly	shift
-.TE
-.IP "Additional ksh special commands"
-.TS
-lw(8m)fB lw(8m)fB lw(8m)fB lw(8m)fB lw(8m)fB .
-builtin	times	typeset		
-.TE
-.IP "Very special commands (non-posix mode)"
-.TS
-lw(8m)fB lw(8m)fB lw(8m)fB lw(8m)fB lw(8m)fB .
-alias	readonly	set	typeset	
-.TE
-.IP "POSIX regular commands"
-.TS
-lw(8m)fB lw(8m)fB lw(8m)fB lw(8m)fB lw(8m)fB .
-alias	command	fg	kill	umask
-bg	false	getopts	read	unalias
-cd	fc	jobs	true	wait
-.TE
-.IP "Additional ksh regular commands"
-.TS
-lw(8m)fB lw(8m)fB lw(8m)fB lw(8m)fB lw(8m)fB .
-[	let	pwd	ulimit	
-echo	print	test	whence	
-.TE
-.PP
-In the future, the additional ksh special and regular commands may
-be treated differently from the POSIX special and regular commands.
-.PP
+.Pp
+POSIX special commands
+.Pp
+.Ic \&. , \&: , break , continue ,
+.Ic eval , exec , exit , export ,
+.Ic readonly , return , set , shift ,
+.Ic trap , unset
+.Pp
+Additional ksh special commands
+.Pp
+.Ic builtin , times , typeset
+.Pp
+Very special commands (non-POSIX mode)
+.Pp
+.Ic alias , readonly , set , typset
+.Pp
+POSIX regular commands
+.Pp
+.Ic alias , bg , cd , command ,
+.Ic false , fc , fg , getopts ,
+.Ic jobs , kill , read , true ,
+.Ic umask , unalias , wait
+.Pp
+Additional ksh regular commands
+.Pp
+.Ic \&[ , echo , let , print ,
+.Ic pwd , test , ulimit , whence
+.Pp
+In the future, the additional ksh special and regular commands may be treated
+differently from the POSIX special and regular commands.
+.Pp
 Once the type of the command has been determined, any command line parameter
 assignments are performed and exported for the duration of the command.
-.PP
-The following describes the special and regular built-in commands:
-.\"{{{  . file [ arg1 ... ]
-.IP "\fB\&.\fP \fIfile\fP [\fIarg1\fP ...]"
-Execute the commands in \fIfile\fP in the current environment.
-The file is searched for in the directories of \fBPATH\fP.
-If arguments are given, the positional parameters may be used to
-access them while \fIfile\fP is being executed.
-If no arguments are given, the positional parameters are those of the
-environment the command is used in.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  : [ ... ]
-.IP "\fB:\fP [ ... ]"
-The null command.
-Exit status is set to zero.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  alias [ -d | +-t [ -r ] ] [+-px] [+-] [name1[=value1] ...]
-.IP "\fBalias\fP [ \fB\-d\fP | \fB\(+-t\fP [\fB\-r\fP] ] [\fB\(+-px\fP] [\fB\(+-\fP] [\fIname1\fP[\fB=\fP\fIvalue1\fP] ...]"
-Without arguments, \fBalias\fP lists all aliases.
-For any name without a value, the existing alias is listed.
-Any name with a value defines an alias (see Aliases above).
-.sp
-When listing aliases, one of two formats is used: 
-normally, aliases are listed as \fIname\fP\fB=\fP\fIvalue\fP, where
-\fIvalue\fP is quoted; if options were preceded with \fB+\fP 
-or a lone \fB+\fP is given on the command line, only \fIname\fP
-is printed.
-In addition, if the \fB\-p\fP option is used, each alias
-is prefixed with the string "\fBalias\fP\ ".
-.sp
-The \fB\-x\fP option sets (\fB+x\fP clears) the export attribute of an alias,
-or, if no names are given, lists the aliases with the export attribute
-(exporting an alias has no affect).
-.sp
-The \fB\-x\fP option sets the export attribute of an alias, or, if no
-names are given, lists the aliases with the export attribute
-(exporting an alias currently has no affect).
-.sp
-The \fB\-t\fP option indicates that tracked aliases are to be listed/set
-(values specified on the command line are ignored for tracked aliases).
-The \fB\-r\fP option indicates that all tracked aliases are to be reset.
-.sp
-The \fB\-d\fP causes directory aliases, which are used in tilde expansion,
-to be listed or set (see Tilde Expansion above).
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  bg [job ...]
-.IP "\fBbg\fP [\fIjob\fP ...]"
-Resume the specified stopped job(s) in the background.
-If no jobs are specified, \fB%+\fP is assumed.
-This command is only available on systems which support job control.
-See Job Control below for more information.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  bind [-l] [-m] [key[=editing-command] ...]
-.IP "\fBbind\fP [\fB\-m\fP] [\fIkey\fP[\fB=\fP\fIediting-command\fP] ...]"
-Set or view the current emacs command editing key bindings/macros.
-See Emacs Interactive Input Line Editing below for a complete description.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  break [level]
-.IP "\fBbreak\fP [\fIlevel\fP]"
-\fBbreak\fP exits the \fIlevel\fPth inner most for, select, until, or while
+.Pp
+The following described the special and regular built-in commands:
+.Bl -tag -width Ds
+.It Ic \&. Ar file Op Ar arg1 ...
+Execute the commands in
+.Ar file
+in the current environment. The file is searched for in the directories of
+.Ev PATH .
+If arguments are given, the positional parameters may be used to access them
+while
+.Ar file
+is being executed. If no arguments are given, the positional parameters are
+those of the environment the command is used in.
+.It Ic \&: Op Ar ...
+The null command. Exit status is set to zero.
+.It Xo Ic alias No [\ -d\ |\ +-t\ [-r]\ ]\ [+-px]\ [+-]
+.Sm off
+.Op Ar name1 No [= Ar value1 No \&]\ \&.\&.\&.
+.Sm on
+.Xc
+Without arguments,
+.Ic alias
+lists all aliases. For any name without a value, the existing alias is listed.
+Any name with a value defines an alias (see
+.Sx Aliases
+above).
+.Pp
+When listing aliases, one of two formats is used. Normally, aliases are listed
+as
+.Ar name Ns No = Ar value ,
+where
+.Ar value
+is quoted. If options were preceded with
+.Dq \&+ ,
+or a lone \&+ is given on the command line, only
+.Ar name
+is printed. In addition, if the
+.Fl p
+option is used, each alias is prefixed with the string
+.Dq alias\ \& .
+.Pp
+The
+.Fl x
+option sets
+.Po Ic \&+x
+\ clears
+.Pc
+the export attribute of an alias, or, if no names are given, lists the aliases
+with the export attribute (exporting an alias has no effect).
+.Pp
+The
+.Fl t
+option indicates that tracked aliases are to be listed/set (values specified on
+the command line are ignored for tracked aliases). The
+.Fl r
+option indicates that all tracked aliases are to be reset.
+.Pp
+The
+.Fl d
+option causes directory aliases, which are used in tilde expansion, to be
+listed or set (see
+.Sx Tilde expansion
+above).
+.It Ic bg Op Ar job ...
+Resume the specified stopped job(s) in the background. If no jobs are
+specified,
+.Ic %\&+
+is assumed. This command is only available on systems which support job
+control (see
+.Sx Job control
+below for more information).
+.It Xo Ic bind [ \&-m ]
+.Sm off
+.Oo Ar key No [= Ar editing-command No ]\ ... Oc
+.Xc
+.Sm on
+Set or view the current emacs command editing key bindings/macros (see
+.Sx Emacs interactive input line editing
+below for a complete description).
+.It Ic break Op Ar level
+Exit the
+.Ar level Ns th
+inner-most
+.Ic for ,
+.Ic until ,
+or
+.Ic while
 loop.
-\fIlevel\fP defaults to 1.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  builtin command [arg1 ...]
-.IP "\fBbuiltin\fP \fIcommand\fP [\fIarg1\fP ...]"
-Execute the built-in command \fIcommand\fP.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  cd [-LP] [dir]
-.IP "\fBcd\fP [\fB\-LP\fP] [\fIdir\fP]"
-Set the working directory to \fIdir\fP.  If the parameter \fBCDPATH\fP
-is set, it lists directories to search in for \fIdir\fP.
-\fIdir\fP.  An empty entry in the \fBCDPATH\fP entry means the current
-directory.  If a non-empty directory from \fBCDPATH\fP is used, the resulting
-full path is printed to standard output.  If \fIdir\fP is found in any
-component of the \fBCDPATH\fP search path other than the null path the name
-of the new working directory will be written to standard output. If
-\fIdir\fP is missing, the home directory \fB$HOME\fP is used.  If \fIdir\fP
-is \fB\-\fP, the previous working directory is used (see OLDPWD parameter).
-If \fB\-L\fP option (logical path) is used or if the \fBphysical\fP option
-(see \fBset\fP command below) isn't set, references to \fB..\fP in \fIdir\fP
-are relative to the path used get to the directory.
-If \fB\-P\fP option (physical path) is used or if the \fBphysical\fP option
-is set, \fB..\fP is relative to the filesystem directory tree.
-The \fBPWD\fP and \fBOLDPWD\fP parameters are updated to reflect the
-current and old wording directory, respectively.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  cd [-LP] old new
-.IP "\fBcd\fP [\fB\-LP\fP] \fIold new\fP"
-The string \fInew\fP is substituted for \fIold\fP in the current
-directory, and the shell attempts to change to the new directory.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  command [ -pvV ] cmd [arg1 ...]
-.IP "\fBcommand\fP [\fB\-p\fP] \fIcmd\fP [\fIarg1\fP ...]"
-\fIcmd\fP
-is executed exactly as if the \fBcommand\fP had not been specified,
-with two exceptions: first, \fIcmd\fP cannot be a shell function, and
-second, special built-in commands lose their specialness (\fIi.e.\fP,
-redirection and utility errors do not cause the shell to exit, and command
-assignments are not permanent).
-If the \fB\-p\fP option is given, a default search path is used instead of
-the current value of \fBPATH\fP (the actual value of the default path is
-system dependent: on POSIXish systems, it is the value returned by
-.ce
-\fBgetconf CS_PATH\fP
-).
-.sp
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  continue [levels]
-.IP "\fBcontinue\fP [\fIlevels\fP]"
-\fBcontinue\fP jumps to the beginning of the \fIlevel\fPth inner most for,
-select, until, or while loop.
-\fIlevel\fP defaults to 1.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  echo [-neE] [arg ...]
-.IP "\fBecho\fP [\fB\-neE\fP] [\fIarg\fP ...]"
-Prints its arguments (separated by spaces) followed by a newline, to
-standard out.
-The newline is suppressed if any of the arguments contain the backslash
-sequence \fB\ec\fP.
-See \fBprint\fP command below for a list of other backslash sequences
-that are recognized.
-.sp
-The options are provided for compatibility with BSD shell scripts:
-\fB\-n\fP suppresses the trailing newline, \fB\-e\fP enables backslash
-interpretation (a no-op, since this is normally done), and \fB\-E\fP which
-suppresses backslash interpretation.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  eval command ...
-.IP "\fBeval\fP \fIcommand ...\fP"
-The arguments are concatenated (with spaces between them) to form
-a single string which the shell then parses and executes
-in the current environment.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  exec [command [arg ...]]
-.IP "\fBexec\fP [\fIcommand\fP [\fIarg\fP ...]]"
+.Ar level
+defaults to 1.
+.It Ic builtin Ar command Op Ar arg1 ...
+Execute the built-in command
+.Ar command .
+.It Xo Ic cd Op Fl LP
+.Op Ar dir
+.Xc
+Set the working directory to
+.Ar dir .
+If the parameter
+.Ev CDPATH
+is set, it lists the search path for the directory containing
+.Ar dir .
+A
+.Dv NULL
+path means the current directory. If
+.Ar dir
+is found in any component of the
+.Ev CDPATH
+search path other than the
+.Dv NULL
+path, the name of the new working directory will be written to standard output.
+If
+.Ar dir
+is missing, the home directory
+.Ev HOME
+is used. If
+.Ar dir
+is
+.Dq \&- ,
+the previous working directory is used (see
+.Ev OLDPWD
+parameter). If the
+.Fl L
+option (logical path) is used or if the
+.Ic physical
+option (see
+.Ic set
+command below) isn't set, references to
+.Dq \&.\&.
+in
+.Ar dir
+are relative to the path used to get to the directory. If the
+.Fl P
+option (physical path) is used or if the
+.Ic physical
+option is set,
+.Dq \&.\&.
+is relative to the filesystem directory tree. The
+.Ev PWD
+and
+.Ev OLDPWD
+parameters are updated to reflect the current and old working directory,
+respectively.
+.It Xo Ic cd Op Fl LP
+.Ar old new
+.Xc
+The string
+.Ar new
+is substituted for
+.Ar old
+in the current directory, and the shell attempts to change to the new
+directory.
+.It Xo Ic command Op Fl p
+.Ar cmd Op Ar arg1 ...
+.Xc
+.Ar cmd
+is executed exactly as if the
+.Ic command
+had not been specified, with two exceptions. First,
+.Ar cmd
+cannot be a shell function, and second, special built-in commands lose their
+specialness (i.e., redirection and utility errors do not cause the shell to
+exit, and command assignments are not permanent). If the
+.Fl p
+option is given, a default search path is used instead of the current value of
+.Ev PATH
+(the actual value of the default path is system dependent; on POSIXish systems,
+it is the value returned by
+.Ic getconf CS_PATH ) .
+.It Ic continue Op Ar level
+Jumps to the beginning of the
+.Ar level Ns th
+inner-most
+.Ic for ,
+.Ic until ,
+or
+.Ic while
+loop.
+.Ar level
+defaults to 1.
+.It Xo Ic echo Op Fl neE
+.Op Ar arg ...
+.Xc
+Prints its arguments (separated by spaces) followed by a newline, to the
+standard output. The newline is suppressed if any of the arguments contain the
+backslash sequence
+.Dq \ec .
+See the
+.Ic print
+command below for a list of other backslash sequences that are recognized.
+.Pp
+The options are provided for compatibility with
+.Bx
+shell scripts. The
+.Fl n
+option suppresses the trailing newline,
+.Fl e
+enables backslash interpretation (a no-op, since this is normally done), and
+.Fl E
+which suppresses backslash interpretation.
+.It Ic eval Ar command ...
+The arguments are concatenated (with spaces between them) to form a single
+string which the shell then parses and executes in the current environment.
+.It Xo Ic exec
+.Op Ar command Op Ar arg ...
+.Xc
 The command is executed without forking, replacing the shell process.
-.sp
-If no arguments are given, any IO redirection is permanent and the shell
-is not replaced.
-Any file descriptors which are opened or \fIdup\fP(2)-ed
-in this way are made available to other executed commands
-(note that the Korn shell differs here: it does not pass on
-file descriptors greater than 2).
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  exit [status]
-.IP "\fBexit\fP [\fIstatus\fP]"
-The shell exits with the specified exit status.
-If \fIstatus\fP is not specified, the exit status is the current
-value of the \fB?\fP parameter.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  export [-p] [parameter[=value] ...]
-.IP "\fBexport\fP [\fB\-p\fP] [\fIparameter\fP[\fB=\fP\fIvalue\fP]] ..."
-Sets the export attribute of the named parameters.
-Exported parameters are passed in the environment to executed commands.
-If values are specified, the named parameters also assigned.
-.sp
+.Pp
+If no arguments are given, and I/O redirection is permanent and the shell is
+not replaced. Any file descriptors which are opened or
+.Xr dup 2 Ns No 'd
+in this way are made available to other executed commands (note that the Korn
+shell differs here: it does not pass on file descriptors greater than 2).
+.It Ic exit Op Ar status
+The shell exits with the specified exit status. If
+.Ar status
+is not specified, the exit status is the current value of the
+.Ic \&?
+parameter.
+.It Xo Ic export Op Fl p
+.Op Ar parameter Ns Op \&= Ns Ar value
+.Xc
+Sets the export attribute of the named parameters. Exported parameters are
+passed in the environment to executed commands. If values are specified, the
+named parameters are also assigned.
+.Pp
 If no parameters are specified, the names of all parameters with the export
-attribute are printed one per line, unless the \fB\-p\fP option is used,
-in which case \fBexport\fP commands defining all exported
-parameters, including their values, are printed.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  false
-.IP "\fBfalse\fP"
+attribute are printed one per line, unless the
+.Fl p
+option is used, in which case
+.Ic export
+commands defining all exported parameters, including their values, are printed.
+.It Ic false
 A command that exits with a non-zero status.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  fc [-e editor | -l [-n]] [-r] [first [ last ]]
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  fc [-e - | -s] [-g] [old=new] [prefix]
-.IP "\fBfc\fP [\fB\-e \-\fP | \fB\-s\fP] [\fB\-g\fP] [\fIold\fP\fB=\fP\fInew\fP] [\fIprefix\fP]"
+.It Xo Ic fc No [-e\ -\ |\ -s]\ [-g]\ [old=new]\&
+.Op Ar prefix
+.Xc
 Re-execute the selected command (the previous command by default) after
-performing the optional substitution of \fIold\fP with \fInew\fP.  If
-\fB\-g\fP is specified, all occurrences of \fIold\fP are replaced with
-\fInew\fP.  This command is usually accessed with the predefined alias
-\fBr='fc \-e \-'\fP.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  fg [job ...]
-.IP "\fBfg\fP [\fIjob\fP ...]"
-Resume the specified job(s) in the foreground.
-If no jobs are specified, \fB%+\fP is assumed.
-This command is only available on systems which support job control.
-See Job Control below for more information.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  getopts optstring name [arg ...]
-.IP "\fBgetopts\fP \fIoptstring\fP \fIname\fP [\fIarg\fP ...]"
-\fBgetopts\fP is used by shell procedures to parse the specified arguments
-(or positional parameters, if no arguments are given) and to check for legal
-options.
-\fIoptstring\fP contains the option letters that
-\fBgetopts\fP is to recognize.  If a letter is followed by a colon, the
-option is expected to have an argument.
-Options that do not take arguments may be grouped in a single argument.
-If an option takes an argument and the option character is not the last
-character of the argument it is found in, the remainder of the argument
-is taken to be the option's argument, otherwise, the next argument is
-the option's argument.
-.sp
-Each time \fBgetopts\fP is invoked, it places the next option in
-the shell parameter \fIname\fP and the index of the next argument to be
-processed in the shell parameter \fBOPTIND\fP.
-If the option was introduced with a \fB+\fP, the option placed in
-\fIname\fP is prefixed with a \fB+\fP.
-When an option requires an argument, \fBgetopts\fP places it in the
-shell parameter \fBOPTARG\fP.
-When an illegal option or a missing option argument is
-encountered a question mark or a colon is placed in \fIname\fP
-(indicating an illegal option or missing argument, respectively)
-and \fBOPTARG\fP is set to the option character that caused the problem.
-An error message is also printed to standard error if \fIoptstring\fP
-does not begin with a colon.
-.sp
-When the end of the options is encountered, \fBgetopts\fP exits with a
-non-zero exit status.
-Options end at the first (non-option argument) argument that does not
-start with a \-, or when a \fB\-\-\fP argument is encountered.
-.sp
-Option parsing can be reset by setting \fBOPTIND\fP to 1 (this is done
-automatically whenever the shell or a shell procedure is invoked).
-.sp
-Warning: Changing the value of the shell parameter \fBOPTIND\fP to
-a value other than 1, or parsing different sets of arguments without
-resetting \fBOPTIND\fP may lead to unexpected results.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  hash [-r] [name ...]
-.IP "\fBhash\fP [\fB\-r\fP] [\fIname ...\fP]"
-Without arguments, any hashed executable command pathnames are listed.
-The \fB\-r\fP option causes all hashed commands to be removed
-from the hash table.
-Each \fIname\fP is searched as if it where a command name and added to the
-hash table if it is an executable command.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  jobs [-lpn] [job ...]
-.IP "\fBjobs\fP [\fB\-lpn\fP] [\fIjob\fP ...]"
-Display information about the specified jobs; if no jobs are specified,
-all jobs are displayed.
-The \fB\-n\fP option causes information to be displayed only for jobs
-that have changed state since the last notification.
-If the \fB\-l\fP option is used, the process-id of each process in a job
-is also listed.
-The \fB\-p\fP option causes only the process group of each job to be printed.
-See Job Control below for the format of \fIjob\fP and the displayed job.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  kill [-s signame | -signum | -signame] { job | pid | -pgrp } ...
-.IP "\fBkill\fP [\fB\-s\fP \fIsigname\fP | \fB\-signum\fP | \fB\-signame\fP ] { \fIjob\fP | \fIpid\fP | \fB\-\fP\fIpgrp\fP } ..."
-Send the specified signal to the specified jobs, process ids, or process groups.
-If no signal is specified, the signal TERM is sent.
-If a job is specified, the signal is sent to the job's process group.
-See Job Control below for the format of \fIjob\fP.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  kill -l [exit-status ...]
-.IP "\fBkill \-l\fP [\fIexit-status\fP ...]"
-Print the name of the signal that killed a process which exited with
-the specified \fIexit-status\fPes.
+performing the optional substitution of
+.Ar old
+with
+.Ar new .
+If
+.Fl g
+is specified, all occurrences of
+.Ar old
+are replaced with
+.Ar new .
+This command is usually accessed with the predefined
+.Ic alias r='fx -e -' .
+.It Ic fg Op Ar job ...
+Resume the specified job(s) in the foreground. If no jobs are specified,
+.Ic %\&+
+is assumed. This command is only available on systems which support job
+control (see
+.Sx Job control
+below for more information).
+.It Xo Ic getopts Ar optstring name
+.Op Ar arg ...
+.Xc
+Used by shell procedures to parse the specified arguments (or positional
+parameters, if no arguments are given) and to check for legal options.
+.Ar optstring
+contains the option letters that
+.Ic getopts
+is to recognize. If a letter is followed by a colon, the option is expected to
+ahve an argument. Options that do not take arguments may be grouped in a single
+argument. If an option takes an argument and the option character is not the
+last character of the argument it is found in, the remainder of the argument is
+taken to be the option's argument, otherwise, the next argument is the option's
+argument.
+.Pp
+Each time
+.Ic getopts
+is invoked, it places the next option in the shell parameter
+.Ar name
+and the index of the next argument to be processed in the shell parameter
+.Ev OPTIND .
+If the option was introduced with a
+.Dq \&+ ,
+the option places in
+.Ar name
+is prefixed with a
+.Dq \&+ .
+When an option requires an argument,
+.Ic getopts
+places it in the shell parameter
+.Ev OPTARG .
+When an illegal option or a missing option argument is encountered, a question
+mark or a colon is placed in
+.Ar name
+(indicating an illegal option or missing argument, respectively) and
+.Ev OPTAG
+is set to the option character that caused the problem. An error message is
+also printed to standard error if
+.Ar optstring
+does not being with a colon.
+.Pp
+When the end of the options is encountered,
+.Ic getopts
+exits with a non-zero exit status. Options end at the first (non-option
+argument) argument that does not start with a
+.Dq \&- ,
+or when a
+.Dq \&-\&-
+argument is encountered.
+.Pp
+Option parsing can be reset by setting
+.Ev OPTIND
+to 1 (this is done automatically whenever the shell or a shell procedure is
+invoked).
+.Pp
+Warning: Changing the value of the shell parameter
+.Ev OPTIND
+to a value other than 1, or parsing different sets of arguments without
+resetting
+.Ev OPTIND
+may lead to unexpected results.
+.It Xo Ic hash Op Fl r
+.Op Ar name ...
+.Xc
+Without arguments, any hashed executable command pathnames are listed. The
+.Fl r
+option causes all hashed commands to be removed from the hash table. Each
+.Ar name
+is searched as if it were a command name and added to the hash table if it is
+an executable command.
+.It Xo Ic jobs Op Fl lpn
+.Op Ar job ...
+.Xc
+Display information about the specified job(s); if no jobs are specified, all
+jobs are displayed. The
+.Fl n
+option causes information to be displayed only for jobs that have changed
+state since the last notification. If the
+.Fl l
+option is used, the process ID of each process in a job is also listed. The
+.Fl p
+option causes only the process group of each job to be printed. See
+.Sx Job control
+below for the format of
+.Ar job
+and the displayed job.
+.It Xo Ic kill No [-s\ signame\ |\ -signum\ |\ -signame\ ]\ {\ job\ |\ pid\ |
+.No -pgrp\ }\ \&.\&.\&.
+.Xc
+Send the specified signal to the specified jobs, process IDs, or process
+groups. If no signal is specified, the
+.Dv TERM
+signal is sent. If a job is specified, the signal is sent to the job's
+process group. See
+.Sx Job control
+below for the format of
+.Ar job .
+.It Ic kill -l Op Ar exit-status ...
+Print the name of the signal that killed a process which exited with the
+specified
+.Ar exit-status Ns es.
 If no arguments are specified, a list of all the signals, their numbers and
 a short description of them are printed.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  let [expression ...]
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  print [-nprsun | -R [-en]] [argument ...]
-.IP "\fBprint\fP [\fB\-nprsu\fP\fIn\fP | \fB\-R\fP [\fB\-en\fP]] [\fIargument ...\fP]"
-\fBPrint\fP prints its arguments on the standard output, separated by
-spaces, and terminated with a newline.  The \fB\-n\fP option suppresses
-the newline.  By default, certain C escapes are translated.  These
-include \eb, \ef, \en, \er, \et, \ev, and \e0### (# is an octal digit, of
-which there may be 0 to 3).
-\ec is equivalent to using the \fB\-n\fP option.  \e expansion may be
-inhibited with the \fB\-r\fP option.
-The \fB\-s\fP option prints to the history file instead of standard output,
-the \fB\-u\fP option prints to file descriptor \fIn\fP (\fIn\fP
-defaults to 1 if omitted), and the \fB\-p\fP option prints to the co-process
-(see Co-Processes above).
-.sp
-The \fB\-R\fP option is used to emulate, to some degree, the BSD echo
-command, which does not process \e sequences unless the \fB\-e\fP option
-is given.
-As above, the \fB\-n\fP option suppresses the trailing newline.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  pwd [-LP]
-.IP "\fBpwd\fP [\fB\-LP\fP]"
-Print the present working directory.
-If \fB\-L\fP option is used or if the \fBphysical\fP option
-(see \fBset\fP command below) isn't set, the logical path is printed
-(\fIi.e.\fP, the path used to \fBcd\fP to the current directory).
-If \fB\-P\fP option (physical path) is used or if the \fBphysical\fP option
-is set, the path determined from the filesystem (by following \fB..\fP
+.It Xo Ic print Oo Fl nprsu Ns Ar n
+.Li | Fl R No [-en] Oc [argument\ ...]
+.Xc
+.Ic print
+prints its arguments on the standard output, separated by spaces, and
+terminated with a newline. The
+.Fl n
+option suppresses the newline. By default, certain C escapes are translated.
+These include
+.Dq \eb ,
+.Dq \ef ,
+.Dq \en ,
+.Dq \er ,
+.Dq \et ,
+.Dq \ev ,
+and
+.Dq \e0###
+.Po
+.Dq #
+is an octal digit, of which there may be 0 to 3
+.Pc .
+.Dq \ec
+is equivalent to using the
+.Fl n
+option.
+.Dq \e
+expansion may be inhibited with the
+.Fl r
+option. The
+.Fl s
+option prints to the history file instead of standard output, the
+.Fl u
+option prints to file descriptor
+.Ar n
+.Po
+.Ar n
+defaults to 1 if omitted
+.Pc ,
+and the
+.Fl p
+option prints to the co-process (see
+.Sx Co-processes
+above).
+.Pp
+The
+.Fl R
+option is used to emulate, to some degree, the
+.Bx
+.Xr echo
+command, which does not process
+.Dq \e
+sequences unless the
+.Fl e
+option is given. As above, the
+.Fl n
+option suppresses the trailing newline.
+.It Ic pwd Op Fl LP
+Print the present working directory. If the
+.Fl L
+option is used or if the
+.Ic physical
+option (see
+.Ic set
+command below) isn't set, the logical path is printed (i.e., the path used to
+.Ic cd
+to the current directory). If the
+.Fl P
+option (physical path) is used or if the
+.Ic physical
+option is set, the path determined from the filesystem (by following
+.Dq \&.\&.
 directories to the root directory) is printed.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  read [-prsun] [parameter ...]
-.IP "\fBread\fP [\fB\-prsu\fP\fIn\fP] [\fIparameter ...\fP]"
-Reads a line of input from standard input, separate the line into fields using
-the \fBIFS\fP parameter (see Substitution above), and assign each field to the
-specified parameters.
-If there are more parameters than fields, the extra parameters are set to null,
+.It Xo Ic read Oo Fl prsu Ns Ar n
+.Oc Op Ar parameter ...
+.Xc
+Reads a line of input from the standard input, separates the line into fields
+using the
+.Ev IFS
+parameter (see
+.Sx Substitution
+above), and assigns each field to the specified parameters. If there are more
+parameters than fields, the extra parameters are set to
+.Dv NULL ,
 or alternatively, if there are more fields than parameters, the last parameter
-is assigned the remaining fields (inclusive of any separating spaces).
-If no parameters are specified, the \fBREPLY\fP parameter is used.
-If the input line ends in a backslash and the \fB\-r\fP option was not used, the
-backslash and newline are stripped and more input is read.
-If no input is read, \fBread\fP exits with a non-zero status.
-.sp
+is assigned the remaining fields (inclusive of any separating spaces). If no
+parameters are specified, the
+.Ev REPLY
+parameter is used. If the input line ends in a backslash and the
+.Fl r
+option was not used, the backslash and the newline are stripped and more input
+is read. If no input is read,
+.Ic read
+exits with a non-zero status.
+.Pp
 The first parameter may have a question mark and a string appended to it, in
 which case the string is used as a prompt (printed to standard error before
-any input is read) if the input is a tty
-(\fIe.g.\fP, \fBread nfoo?'number of foos: '\fP).
-.sp
-The \fB\-u\fP\fIn\fP and \fB\-p\fP options cause input to be read
-from file descriptor \fIn\fP or the current co-process (see Co-Processes above
-for comments on this), respectively.
-If the \fB\-s\fP option is used, input is saved to the history file.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  readonly [-p] [parameter[=value] ...]
-.IP "\fBreadonly\fP [\fB\-p\fP] [\fIparameter\fP[\fB=\fP\fIvalue\fP]] ..."
-Sets the readonly attribute of the named parameters.  If values are given,
-parameters are set to them before setting the attribute.
-Once a parameter is made readonly, it cannot be unset and its value cannot
-be changed.
-.sp
-If no parameters are specified, the names of all parameters with the readonly
-attribute are printed one per line, unless the \fB\-p\fP option is used,
-in which case \fBreadonly\fP commands defining all readonly
-parameters, including their values, are printed.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  return [status]
-.IP "\fBreturn\fP [\fIstatus\fP]"
-Returns from a function or \fB.\fP script, with exit status \fIstatus\fP.
-If no \fIstatus\fP is given, the exit status of the last executed command
-is used.
-If used outside of a function or \fB.\fP script, it has the same effect
-as \fBexit\fP.
-Note that pdksh treats both profile and \fB$ENV\fP files as \fB.\fP scripts,
-while the original Korn shell only treats profiles as \fB.\fP scripts.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  set [+-abCefhkmnpsuvxX] [+-o [option]] [+-A name] [--] [arg ...]
-.IP "\fBset\fP [\fB\(+-abCefhkmnpsuvxX\fP] [\fB\(+-o\fP [\fIoption\fP]] [\fB\(+-A\fP \fIname\fP] [\fB\-\-\fP] [\fIarg\fP ...]"
-The set command can be used to set (\fB\-\fP) or clear (\fB+\fP) shell options,
-set the positional parameters, or set an array parameter.
-Options can be changed using the \fB\(+-o\fP \fIoption\fP syntax,
-where \fIoption\fP is the long name of an option, or using
-the \fB\(+-\fP\fIletter\fP syntax, where \fIletter\fP is the
-option's single letter name (not all options have a single letter name).
+any input is read) if the input is a tty (e.g.,
+.Ic read nfoo?'number of foos: ' ) .
+.Pp
+The
+.Fl u Ns Ar n
+and
+.Fl p
+options cause input to be read from file descriptor
+.Ar n
+or the current co-process (see
+.Sx Co-processes
+above for comments on this), respectively. If the
+.Fl s
+option is used, input is saved to the history file.
+.It Xo Ic readonly Op Fl p
+.Sm off
+.Oo Ar parameter Op = Ar value Oc \ ...
+.Sm on
+.Xc
+Sets the read-only attribute of the named parameters. If values are given,
+parameters are set to them before setting the attribute. Once a parameter is
+made read-only, it cannot be unset and its value cannot be changed.
+.Pp
+If no parameters are specified, the names of all parameters with the read-only
+attribute are printed one per line, unless the
+.Fl p
+option is used, in which case
+.Ic readonly
+commands defining all read-only parameters, including their values, are
+printed.
+.It Ic return Op Ar status
+Returns from a function or
+.Ic \&.
+script, with exit status
+.Ar status .
+If no
+.Ar status
+is given, the exit status of the last executed command is used. If used
+outside of a function or
+.Ic \&.
+script, it has the same effect as
+.Ic exit .
+Note that
+.Nm pdksh
+treats both profile and
+.Ev ENV
+files as
+.Ic \&.
+scripts, while the original Korn shell only treats profiles as
+.Ic \&.
+scripts.
+.It Xo Ic set No [+-abCefhkmnpsuvxX]\ [+-o\ [option]]\ [+-A\ name]\ [--]\&
+.Op Ar arg ...
+.Xc
+The set command can be used to set
+.Pq Ic \&-
+or clear
+.Pq Ic \&+
+shell options, set the positional parameters, or set an array parameter.
+Options can be changed using the
+.Ic \&+ Ns Fl o Ar option
+syntax, where
+.Ar option
+is the long name of an option, or using the
+.Ic \&+\&- Ns Ar letter
+syntax, where
+.Ar letter
+is the option's single letter name (not all options have a single letter name).
 The following table lists both option letters (if they exist) and long names
-along with a description of what the option does.
-.sp
-.TS
-expand;
-afB lfB lw(3i).
-\-A		T{
-Sets the elements of the array parameter \fIname\fP to \fIarg\fP ...;
-If \fB\-A\fP is used, the array is reset (\fIi.e.\fP, emptied) first;
-if \fB+A\fP is used, the first N elements are set (where N is the number
-of \fIarg\fPs), the rest are left untouched.
-T}
-\-a	allexport	T{
-all new parameters are created with the export attribute
-T}
-\-b	notify	T{
+along with a description of what the option does:
+.Bl -tag -width 15n
+.It Fl A
+Sets the elements of the array parameter
+.Ar name
+to
+.Ar arg ... .
+If
+.Fl A
+is used, the array is reset (i.e., emptied) first; if
+.Ic \&+A
+is used, the first N elements are set (where N is the number of
+.Ar arg Ns s ) ,
+the rest are left untouched.
+.It Fl a Ic allexport
+All new parameters are created with the export attribute.
+.It Fl b Ic notify
 Print job notification messages asynchronously, instead of just before the
-prompt.
-Only used if job control is enabled (\fB\-m\fP).
-T}
-\-C	noclobber	T{
-Prevent \fB>\fP redirection from overwriting existing files (\fB>|\fP must
-be used to force an overwrite).
-T}
-\-e	errexit	T{
-Exit (after executing the \fBERR\fP trap) as soon as an error occurs or
-a command fails (\fIi.e.\fP, exits with a non-zero status).
-This does not apply to commands whose exit status is explicitly tested by a
-shell construct such as \fBif\fP, \fBuntil\fP, \fBwhile\fP, \fB&&\fP or
-\fB||\fP statements.
-T}
-\-f	noglob	T{
+prompt. Only used if job control is enabled
+.Pq Fl m .
+.It Fl C Ic noclobber
+Prevent
+.Ic \&>
+redirection from overwriting existing files
+.Po
+.Ic \&>\&|
+must be used to force an overwrite
+.Pc .
+.It Fl e Ic errexit
+Exit (after executing the
+.Dv ERR
+trap) as soon as an error occurs or a command fails (i.e., exits with a
+non-zero status). This does not apply to commands whose exit status is
+explicitly tested by a shell construct such as
+.Ic if ,
+.Ic until ,
+.Ic while ,
+.Ic \&&\&& ,
+or
+.Ic \&|\&|
+statements.
+.It Fl f Ic noglob
 Do not expand file name patterns.
-T}
-\-h	trackall	T{
-Create tracked aliases for all executed commands (see Aliases above).
-On by default for non-interactive shells.
-T}
-\-i	interactive	T{
-Enable interactive mode \- this can only be set/unset when the shell is
-invoked.
-T}
-\-k	keyword	T{
+.It Fl h Ic trackall
+Create tracked aliases for all executed commands (see
+.Sx Aliases
+above). Enabled by default for non-interactive shells.
+.It Fl i Ic interactive
+Enable interactive mode. This can only be set/unset when the shell is invoked.
+.It Fl k Ic keyword
 Parameter assignments are recognized anywhere in a command.
-T}
-\-l	login	T{
-The shell is a login shell \- this can only be set/unset when the shell is
-invoked (see Shell Startup above).
-T}
-\-m	monitor	T{
+.It Fl l Ic login
+The shell is a login shell. This can only be set/unset when the shell is
+invoked (see
+.Sx Shell startup
+above).
+.It Fl m Ic monitor
 Enable job control (default for interactive shells).
-T}
-\-n	noexec	T{
-Do not execute any commands \- useful for checking the syntax of scripts
+.It Fl n lc noexec
+Do not execute any commands. Useful for checking the syntax of scripts
 (ignored if interactive).
-T}
-\-p	privileged	T{
-Set automatically if, when the shell starts, the read uid or gid does not
-match the effective uid or gid, respectively.
-See Shell Startup above for a description of what this
-means.
-T}
--r	restricted	T{
-Enable restricted mode \(em this option can only be used when the shell is
-invoked.  See Shell Startup above for a description of what this
-means.
-T}
-\-s	stdin	T{
-If used when the shell is invoked, commands are read from standard input.
-Set automatically if the shell is invoked with no arguments.
-.sp
-When \fB\-s\fP is used in the \fBset\fP command, it causes the specified
-arguments to be sorted before assigning them to the positional parameters
-(or to array \fIname\fP, if \fB\-A\fP is used).
-T}
-\-u	nounset	T{
-Referencing of an unset parameter is treated as an error, unless
-one of the \fB\-\fP, \fB+\fP or \fB=\fP modifiers is used.
-T}
-\-v	verbose	T{
+.It Fl p Ic privileged
+Set automatically if, when the shell starts, the read UID or GID does not match
+the effective UID (EUID) or GID (EGID), respectively. See
+.Sx Shell startup
+above for a description of what this means.
+.It Fl r Ic restricted
+Enable restricted mode. This option can only be used when the shell is invoked.
+See
+.Sx Shell startup
+above for a description of what this means.
+.It Fl s Ic stdin
+If used where the shell is invoked, commands are read from standard input. Set
+automatically if the shell is invoked with no arguments.
+.Pp
+When
+.Fl s
+is used with the
+.Ic set
+command it causes the specified arguments to be sorted before assigning them to
+the positional parameters (or to array
+.Ar name ,
+if
+.Fl A
+is used).
+.It Fl u Ic nounset
+Referencing of an unset parameter is treated as an error, unless one of the
+.Dq \&- ,
+.Dq \&+
+or
+.Dq =
+modifiers is used.
+.It Fl v Ic verbose
 Write shell input to standard error as it is read.
-T}
-\-x	xtrace	T{
-Print commands and parameter assignments when they are executed,
-preceded by the value of \fBPS4\fP.
-T}
-\-X	markdirs	T{
-Mark directories with a trailing \fB/\fP during file name generation.
-T}
-	bgnice	T{
+.It Fl x Ic xtrace
+Print commands and parameter assignments when they are executed, preceded by
+the value of
+.Ev PS4 .
+.It Fl X Ic markdirs
+Mark directories with a trailing
+.Dq /
+during file name generation.
+.It Ic bgnice
 Background jobs are run with lower priority.
-T}
-	ignoreeof	T{
-The shell will not exit on when end-of-file is read, \fBexit\fP must be used.
-T}
-	nohup	T{
-Do not kill running jobs with a \fBHUP\fP signal when a login shell exists.
-Currently set by default, but this will change in the future to be compatible
-with the original Korn shell (which doesn't have this option, but does
-send the \fBHUP\fP signal).
-T}
-	nolog	T{
-No effect \- in the original Korn shell, this prevents function definitions
-from being stored in the history file.
-T}
-	physical	T{
-Causes the \fBcd\fP and \fBpwd\fP commands to use `physical'
-(\fIi.e.\fP, the filesystem's) \fB..\fP directories instead of `logical'
-directories (\fIi.e.\fP,  the shell handles \fB..\fP, which allows the user
-to be obliveous of symlink links to directories).
-Clear by default.  Note that setting
-this option does not effect the current value of the \fBPWD\fP parameter;
-only the \fBcd\fP command changes \fBPWD\fP.
-See the \fBcd\fP and \fBpwd\fP commands above for more details.
-T}
-	posix	T{
-Enable posix mode.  See POSIX Mode above.
-T}
-	vi	T{
+.It Ic ignoreeof
+The shell will not exit when end-of-file is read;
+.Ic exit
+must be used.
+.It Ic nohup
+Do not kill running jobs with a
+.Dv HUP
+signal when a login shell exists. Currently set by default, but this will
+change in the future to be compatible with the original Korn shell (which
+doesn't have this option, but does send the
+.Dv HUP
+signal).
+.It Ic nolog
+No effect. In the original Korn shell, this prevents function definitions from
+being stored in the history file.
+.It Ic physical
+Causes the
+.Ic cd
+and
+.Ic pwd
+commands to use
+.Dq physical
+(i.e., the filesystem's)
+.Dq \&.\&.
+directories instead of
+.Dq logical
+directories (i.e., the shell handles
+.Dq \&.\&. ,
+which allows the user to be oblivious of symbolic links to directories). Clear
+by default. Note that setting this option does not affect the current value of
+the
+.Ev PWD
+parameter; only the
+.Ic cd
+command changes
+.Ev PWD .
+See the
+.Ic cd
+and
+.Ic pwd
+commands above for more details.
+.It Ic posix
+Enable POSIX mode. See
+.Sx POSIX mode
+above.
+.It Ic vi
 Enable vi-like command line editing (interactive shells only).
-T}
-	viraw	T{
-No effect \- in the original Korn shell, unless viraw was set, the vi command
-line mode would let the tty driver do the work until ESC (^[) was entered.
-pdksh is always in viraw mode.
-T}
-	vi-esccomplete	T{
-In vi command line editing, do command / file name completion when
-escape (^[) is entered in command mode.
-T}
-	vi-show8	T{
-Prefix characters with the eighth bit set with `M-'.
-If this option is not set, characters in the range
-128-160 are printed as is, which may cause problems.
-T}
-	vi-tabcomplete	T{
-In vi command line editing, do command / file name completion when
-tab (^I) is entered in insert mode.
-T}
-.TE
-.sp
-These options can also be used upon invocation of the shell.  The current
-set of options (with single letter names) can be found in the
-parameter \fB\-\fP.
-\fBset -o\fP with no option name will list all the options and whether each
-is on or off; \fBset +o\fP will print the long names of all options that
-are currently on.
-.sp
-Remaining arguments, if any, are positional parameters and are assigned,
-in order, to the
-positional parameters (\fIi.e.\fP, \fB1\fP, \fB2\fP, \fIetc.\fP).
-If options are ended with \fB\-\-\fP and there are no remaining arguments,
-all positional parameters are cleared.
-If no options or arguments are given, then the values of all names are printed.
-For unknown historical reasons, a lone \fB\-\fP option is treated specially:
-it clears both the \fB\-x\fP and \fB\-v\fP options.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  shift [number]
-.IP "\fBshift\fP [\fInumber\fP]"
-The positional parameters \fInumber\fP+1, \fInumber\fP+2 \fIetc.\fP\& are
-renamed to \fB1\fP, \fB2\fP, \fIetc.\fP
-\fInumber\fP defaults to 1.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  test expression, [ expression ]
-.IP "\fBtest\fP \fIexpression\fP"
-.IP "\fB[\fP \fIexpression\fP \fB]\fP"
-\fBtest\fP evaluates the \fIexpression\fP and returns zero status if
-true, and 1 status if false and greater than 1 if there was an error.
-It is normally used as the
-condition command of \fBif\fP and \fBwhile\fP statements.
-The following basic expressions are available:
-.sp
-.TS
-afB ltw(2.8i).
-\fIstr\fP	T{
-\fIstr\fP has non-zero length.  Note that there is the potential
-for problems if \fIstr\fP turns out to be an operator (\fIe.g.\fP, \fB-r\fP)
-- it is generally better to use a test like
-.RS
-\fB[ X"\fP\fIstr\fP\fB" != X ]\fP
-.RE
-instead (double quotes are used in case \fIstr\fP contains spaces or file
-globing characters).
-T}
-\-r \fIfile\fP	T{
-\fIfile\fP exists and is readable
-T}
-\-w \fIfile\fP	T{
-\fIfile\fP exists and is writable
-T}
-\-x \fIfile\fP	T{
-\fIfile\fP exists and is executable
-T}
-\-a \fIfile\fP	T{
-\fIfile\fP exists
-T}
-\-e \fIfile\fP	T{
-\fIfile\fP exists
-T}
-\-f \fIfile\fP	T{
-\fIfile\fP is a regular file
-T}
-\-d \fIfile\fP	T{
-\fIfile\fP is a directory
-T}
-\-c \fIfile\fP	T{
-\fIfile\fP is a character special device
-T}
-\-b \fIfile\fP	T{
-\fIfile\fP is a block special device
-T}
-\-p \fIfile\fP	T{
-\fIfile\fP is a named pipe
-T}
-\-u \fIfile\fP	T{
-\fIfile\fP's mode has setuid bit set
-T}
-\-g \fIfile\fP	T{
-\fIfile\fP's mode has setgid bit set
-T}
-\-k \fIfile\fP	T{
-\fIfile\fP's mode has sticky bit set
-T}
-\-s \fIfile\fP	T{
-\fIfile\fP is not empty
-T}
-\-O \fIfile\fP	T{
-\fIfile\fP's owner is the shell's effective user-ID
-T}
-\-G \fIfile\fP	T{
-\fIfile\fP's group is the shell's effective group-ID
-T}
-\-h \fIfile\fP	T{
-\fIfile\fP is a symbolic link
-T}
-\-H \fIfile\fP	T{
-\fIfile\fP is a context dependent directory (only useful on HP-UX)
-T}
-\-L \fIfile\fP	T{
-\fIfile\fP is a symbolic link
-T}
-\-S \fIfile\fP	T{
-\fIfile\fP is a socket
-T}
-\-o \fIoption\fP	T{
-shell \fIoption\fP is set (see \fBset\fP command above for list of options).
-As a non-standard extension, if the option starts with a \fB!\fP, the test
-is negated; the test always fails if option doesn't exist (thus
-.RS
-\fB[ -o \fP\fIfoo\fP \fB-o -o !\fP\fIfoo\fP \fB]\fP
-.RE
-returns true if and only if option \fIfoo\fP exists).
-T}
-\fIfile\fP \-nt \fIfile\fP	T{
-first \fIfile\fP is newer than second \fIfile\fP
-T}
-\fIfile\fP \-ot \fIfile\fP	T{
-first \fIfile\fP is older than second \fIfile\fP
-T}
-\fIfile\fP \-ef \fIfile\fP	T{
-first \fIfile\fP is the same file as second \fIfile\fP
-T}
-\-t\ [\fIfd\fP]	T{
-file descriptor is a tty device.
-If the posix option (\fBset \-o posix\fP, see POSIX Mode above) is not
-set, \fIfd\fP may be left out, in which case it is taken to be 1
-(the behaviour differs due to the special POSIX rules described below).
-T}
-\fIstring\fP	T{
-\fIstring\fP is not empty
-T}
-\-z\ \fIstring\fP	T{
-\fIstring\fP is empty
-T}
-\-n\ \fIstring\fP	T{
-\fIstring\fP is not empty
-T}
-\fIstring\fP\ =\ \fIstring\fP	T{
-strings are equal
-T}
-\fIstring\fP\ !=\ \fIstring\fP	T{
-strings are not equal
-T}
-\fInumber\fP\ \-eq\ \fInumber\fP	T{
-numbers compare equal
-T}
-\fInumber\fP\ \-ne\ \fInumber\fP	T{
-numbers compare not equal
-T}
-\fInumber\fP\ \-ge\ \fInumber\fP	T{
-numbers compare greater than or equal
-T}
-\fInumber\fP\ \-gt\ \fInumber\fP	T{
-numbers compare greater than
-T}
-\fInumber\fP\ \-le\ \fInumber\fP	T{
-numbers compare less than or equal
-T}
-\fInumber\fP\ \-lt\ \fInumber\fP	T{
-numbers compare less than
-T}
-.TE
-.sp
+.It Ic viraw
+No effect. In the original Korn shell, unless
+.Ic viraw
+was set, the vi command line mode would let the tty driver do the work until
+ESC (^[) was entered.
+.Nm pdksh
+is always in viraw mode.
+.It Ic vi-esccomplete
+In vi command line editing, do command and file name completion when escape
+(^[) is entered in command mode.
+.It Ic vi-show8
+Prefix characters with the eighth bit set with
+.Dq M\&- .
+If this option is not set, characters in the range 128-160 are printed as is,
+which may cause problems.
+.It Ic vi-tabcomplete
+In vi command line editing, do command and file name completion when tab (^I)
+is entered in insert mode.
+.El
+.Pp
+These options can also be used upon invocation of the shell. The current set of
+options (with single letter names) can be found in the parameter
+.Dv \&- .
+.Ic set Fl o
+with no option name will list all the options and whether each is on or off;
+.Ic set +o
+will print the long names of all options that are currently on.
+.Pp
+Remaining arguments, if any, are positional parameters and are assigned, in
+order, to the positional parameters (i.e., $1, $2, etc.). If options end with
+.Dq \&-\&-
+and there are no remaining arguments, all positional parameters are cleared. If
+no options or arguments are given, the values of all names are printed. For
+unknown historical reasons, a lone
+.Dq \&-
+option is treated specially -- it clears both the
+.Fl x
+and
+.Fl v
+options.
+.It Ic shift Op Ar number
+The positional parameters
+.Ar number Ns +1 ,
+.Ar number Ns +2 ,
+etc. are renamed to
+.Dq 1 ,
+.Dq 2 ,
+etc.
+.Ar number
+defaults to 1.
+.It Ic test Ar expression
+.It Ic \&[ Ar expression Ic \&]
+.Ic test
+evaluates the
+.Ar expression
+and returns zero status if true, 1 status if fase, and greater than 1 if there
+was an error. It is normally used as the condition command of
+.Ic if
+and
+.Ic while
+statements. The following basic expressions are available:
+.Bl -tag -width 17n
+.It Ar str
+.Ar str
+has non-zero length. Note that there is the potential for problems if
+.Ar str
+turns out to be an operator (e.g.,
+.Fl r ) .
+It is generally better to use a test like
+.Sm off
+.Ic \&[\ X\&" Ar str Ic \&" Ic \ \&]
+.Sm on
+instead (double quotes are used in case
+.Ar str
+contains spaces or file globbing characters).
+.It Fl r Ar file
+.Ar file
+exists and is readable.
+.It Fl w Ar file
+.Ar file
+exists and is writable.
+.It Fl x Ar file
+.Ar file
+exists and is executable.
+.It Fl a Ar file
+.Ar file
+exists.
+.It Fl e Ar file
+.Ar file
+exists.
+.It Fl f Ar file
+.Ar file
+is a regular file.
+.It Fl d Ar file
+.Ar file
+is a directory.
+.It Fl c Ar file
+.Ar file
+is a character special device.
+.It Fl b Ar file
+.Ar file
+is a block special device.
+.It Fl p Ar file
+.Ar file
+is a named pipe.
+.It Fl u Ar file
+.Ar file Ns 's
+mode has setuid bit set.
+.It Fl g Ar file
+.Ar file Ns 's
+mode has setgid bit set.
+.It Fl k Ar file
+.Ar file Ns 's
+mode has sticky bit set.
+.It Fl s Ar file
+.Ar file
+is not empty.
+.It Fl O Ar file
+.Ar file Ns 's
+owned is the shell's effective user ID.
+.It Fl G Ar file
+.Ar file Ns 's
+group is the shell's effective group ID.
+.It Fl h Ar file
+.Ar file
+is a symbolic link.
+.It Fl H Ar file
+.Ar file
+is a context dependent directory (only useful on HP-UX).
+.It Fl L Ar file
+.Ar file
+is a symbolic link.
+.It Fl S Ar file
+.Ar file
+is a socket.
+.It Fl o Ar option
+Shell
+.Ar option
+is set (see
+.Ic set
+command above for a list of options). As a non-standard extension, if the
+option starts with a
+.Dq \&! ,
+the test is negated; the test always fails if
+.Ar option
+doesn't exist (thus
+.Ic \&[ -o Ar foo
+.Ic -o -o \&! Ns Ar foo Ic \&]
+returns true if and only if option
+.Ar foo
+exists).
+.It Ar file Fl nt Ar file
+first
+.Ar file
+is newer than second
+.Ar file .
+.It Ar file Fl ot Ar file
+first
+.Ar file
+is older than second
+.Ar file .
+.It Ar file Fl ef Ar file
+first
+.Ar file
+is the same file as second
+.Ar file .
+.It Fl t Op Ar fd
+File descriptor
+.Ar fd
+is a tty device. If the
+.Ic posix
+option is not set,
+.Ar fd
+may be left out, in which case it is taken to be 1 (the behaviour differs due
+to the special POSIX rules described below).
+.It Ar string
+.Ar string
+is not empty.
+.It Fl z Ar string
+.Ar string
+is empty.
+.It Fl n Ar string
+.Ar string
+is not empty.
+.It Ar string No = Ar string
+Strings are equal.
+.It Ar string No \&!= Ar string
+Strings are not equal.
+.It Ar number Fl eq Ar number
+Numbers compare equal.
+.It Ar number Fl ne Ar number
+Numbers compare not equal.
+.It Ar number Fl ge Ar number
+Numbers compare greater than or equal.
+.It Ar number Fl gt Ar number
+Numbers compare greater than.
+.It Ar number Fl le Ar number
+Numbers compare less than or equal.
+.It Ar number Fl \&lt Ar number
+Numbers compare less than.
+.El
+.Pp
 The above basic expressions, in which unary operators have precedence over
-binary operators, may be combined with the following operators
-(listed in increasing order of precedence):
-.sp
-.TS
-afB l.
-\fIexpr\fP \-o \fIexpr\fP	logical or
-\fIexpr\fP \-a \fIexpr\fP	logical and
-! \fIexpr\fP	logical not
-( \fIexpr\fP )	grouping
-.TE
-.sp
-On operating systems not supporting \fB/dev/fd/\fP\fIn\fP devices
-(where \fIn\fP is a file descriptor number),
-the \fBtest\fP command will attempt to fake it for all tests that
-operate on files (except the \fB-e\fP test).
-I.e., \fB[ -w /dev/fd/2 ]\fP tests if file descriptor 2 is writable.
-.sp
-Note that some special rules are applied (courtesy of POSIX) if the
-number of arguments to \fBtest\fP or \fB[\fP \&... \fB]\fP is less than
-five: if leading \fB!\fP arguments can be stripped such that only one
-argument remains then a string length test is performed (again, even if
-the argument is a unary operator);
-if leading \fB!\fP arguments can be stripped such that three
-arguments remain and the second argument is a binary operator, then the
-binary operation is performed (even if first argument is a unary
-operator, including an unstripped \fB!\fP).
-.sp
-\fBNote:\fP A common mistake is to use \fBif [ $foo = bar ]\fP which
-fails if parameter \fBfoo\fP is null or unset, if it has embedded spaces
-(\fIi.e.\fP, \fBIFS\fP characters), or if it is a unary operator like \fB!\fP or
-\fB\-n\fP.  Use tests like \fBif [ "X$foo" = Xbar ]\fP instead.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  times
-.IP \fBtimes\fP
-Print the accumulated user and system times used by the shell and by
-processes which have exited that the shell started.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  trap [handler signal ...]
-.IP "\fBtrap\fP [\fIhandler\fP \fIsignal ...\fP]"
-Sets trap handler that is to be executed when any of the specified signals
-are received.
-\fBHandler\fP is either a null string, indicating the signals are to
-be ignored, a minus (\fB\-\fP), indicating that the default action is to
-be taken for the signals (see signal(2 or 3)), or a string containing shell
-commands to be evaluated and executed at the first opportunity (\fIi.e.\fP,
-when the current command completes, or before printing the next \fBPS1\fP
+binary operators, may be combined with the following operators (listed in
+increasing order of precedence):
+.Pp
+.Bl -tag -width "expr -o expr" -compact
+.It Ar expr Fl o Ar expr
+Logical OR.
+.It Ar expr Fl a Ar expr
+Logical AND.
+.It Ic \&! Ar expr
+Logical NOT.
+.It Ic \&( Ar expr Ic \&)
+Grouping.
+.El
+.Pp
+On operating systems not supporting
+.Pa /dev/fd/ Ns Ar n
+devices (where
+.Ar n
+is a file descriptor number), the
+.Ic test
+command will attempt to fake it for all tests that operate on files (except the
+.Fl e
+test). For example,
+.Ic \&[ -w /dev/fd/2 \&]
+tests if file descriptor 2 is writable.
+.Pp
+Note that some special rules are applied (courtesy of POSIX) if the number of
+arguments to
+.Ic test
+or
+.Ic \&[ ... \&]
+is less than five; if leading
+.Dq \&!
+arguments can be stripped such that only one argument remains then a string
+length test is performed (again, even if the argument is a unary operator); if
+leading
+.Dq \&!
+arguments can be stripped such that three arguments remain and the second
+argument is a binary operator, then the binary operation is performed (even
+if the first argument is a unary operator, including an unstripped
+.Dq \&! ) .
+.Pp
+NOTE: A common mistake is to use
+.Ic if \&[ $foo = bar \&]
+which fails if parameter
+.Ic foo
+is
+.Dv NULL
+or unset, if it has embedded spaces (i.e.,
+.Ev IFS
+characters), or if it is a unary operator like
+.Dq Ic \&!
+or
+.Dq Fl n .
+Use tests like
+.Ic if \&[ \&"X$foo\&" = Xbar \&]
+instead.
+.It Ic times
+Print the accumulated user and system times used by the shell and by processes
+which have exited that the shell started.
+.It Ic trap Op Ar handler signal ...
+Sets trap handler that is to be executed when any of the specified signals are
+received.
+.Ar handler
+is either a
+.Dv NULL
+string, indicating the signals are to be ignored, a minus sign
+.Pq Sq \&- ,
+indicating that the default action is to be taken for the signals (see
+.Xr signal 3 ) ,
+or a string containing shell commands to be evaluated and executed at the first
+opportunity (i.e., when the current command completes, or before printing the
+next
+.Ev PS1
 prompt) after receipt of one of the signals.
-\fBSignal\fP is the name of a signal (\fIe.g.\fP, PIPE or ALRM) or the number
-of the signal (see \fBkill \-l\fP command above).
-There are two special signals: \fBEXIT\fP (also known as \fB0\fP), which
-is executed when the shell is about to exit, and \fBERR\fP which is
-executed after an error occurs (an error is something that would cause
-the shell to exit if the \fB\-e\fP or \fBerrexit\fP option were set \(em
-see \fBset\fP command above).
-\fBEXIT\fP handlers are executed in the environment of the last executed
-command.
-Note that for non-interactive shells, the trap handler cannot be changed for
-signals that were ignored when the shell started.
-.sp
-With no arguments, \fBtrap\fP lists, as a series of \fBtrap\fP commands,
-the current state of the traps that have been set since the shell started.
-.sp
-.\" todo: add these features (trap DEBUG, trap ERR/EXIT in function)
-The original Korn shell's \fBDEBUG\fP trap and the handling of \fBERR\fP and
-\fBEXIT\fP traps in functions are not yet implemented.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  true
-.IP \fBtrue\fP
+.Ar signal
+is the name of a signal (e.g.,
+.Dv PIPE
+or
+.Dv ALRM )
+or the number of the signal (see
+.Ic kill -l
+command above). There are two special signals:
+.Dv EXIT
+(also known as 0), which is executed when the shell is about to exit, and
+.Dv ERR ,
+which is executed after an error occurs (an error is something that would cause
+the shell to exit if the
+.Fl e
+or
+.Ic errexit
+option were see -- see
+.Ic set
+command above).
+.Dv EXIT
+handlers are executed in the environment of the last executed command. Note
+that for non-interactive shells, the trap handler cannot be changed for signals
+that were ignored when the shell started.
+.Pp
+With no arguments,
+.Ic trap
+lists, as a series of
+.Ic trap
+commands, the current start of the traps that have been set since the shell
+started.
+.Pp
+The original Korn shell's
+.Dv DEBUG
+trap and the handling of
+.Dv ERR
+and
+.Dv EXIT
+traps in functions are not yet implemented.
+.It Ic true
 A command that exits with a zero value.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  typeset [[+-Ulprtux] [-L[n]] [-R[n]] [-Z[n]] [-i[n]] | -f [-tux]] [name[=value] ...]
-.IP "\fBtypeset\fP [[\(+-Ulprtux] [\fB\-L\fP[\fIn\fP]] [\fB\-R\fP[\fIn\fP]] [\fB\-Z\fP[\fIn\fP]] [\fB\-i\fP[\fIn\fP]] | \fB\-f\fP [\fB\-tux\fP]] [\fIname\fP[\fB=\fP\fIvalue\fP] ...]"
-Display or set parameter attributes.
-With no \fIname\fP arguments, parameter attributes are displayed: if no options
-arg used, the current attributes of all parameters are printed as typeset
-commands; if an option is given (or \fB\-\fP with no option letter)
-all parameters and their values with the specified attributes are printed;
-if options are introduced with \fB+\fP, parameter values are not printed.
-.sp
-If \fIname\fP arguments are given, the attributes of the named parameters
-are set (\fB\-\fP) or cleared (\fB+\fP).
-Values for parameters may optionally be specified.
-If typeset is used inside a function, any newly created parameters are local
-to the function.
-.sp
-When \fB\-f\fP is used, typeset operates on the attributes of functions.
-As with parameters, if no \fIname\fPs are given, functions are listed
-with their values (\fIi.e.\fP, definitions) unless options are introduced with
-\fB+\fP, in which case only the function names are reported.
-.sp
-.TS
-expand;
-afB lw(4.5i).
-\-L\fIn\fP	T{
-Left justify attribute: \fIn\fP specifies the field width.
-If \fIn\fP is not specified, the current width of a parameter (or the
-width of its first assigned value) is used.
-Leading white space (and zeros, if used with the \fB\-Z\fP option) is stripped.
-If necessary, values are either truncated or space padded to fit the
+.It Xo Ic typeset No [[+-Ulprtux]\ [-L[n]]\ [-R[n]]\ [-Z[n]]\ [-i[n]]\ |\ -f\&
+.Li [-tux]]\ [name[=value]\ ...]
+.Xc
+Display or set parameter attributes. With no
+.Ar name
+arguments, parameter attributes are displayed; if no options are used, the
+current attributes of all parameters are printed as
+.Ic typeset
+commands; if an option is given (or
+.Dq \&-
+with no option letter), all parameters and their values with the specified
+attributes are printed; if options are introduced with
+.Dq \&+ ,
+parameter values are not printed.
+.Pp
+If
+.Ar name
+arguments are given, the attributes of the named parameters are set
+.Pq Ic \&-
+or cleared
+.Pq Ic \&+ .
+Values for parameters may optionally be specified. If
+.Ic typeset
+is used inside a function, any newly created parameters are local to the
+function.
+.Pp
+When
+.Fl f
+is used,
+.Ic typeset
+operates on the attributes of functions. As with parameters, if no
+.Ar name Ns s
+are given, functions are listed with their values (i.e., definitions) unless
+options are introduced with
+.Dq \&+ ,
+in which case only the function names are reported.
+.Bl -tag -width 3n
+.It Fl L Ns Ar n
+Left justify attribute.
+.Ar n
+specifies the field width. If
+.Ar n
+is not specified, the current width of a parameter (or the width of its first
+assigned value) is used. Leading whitespace (and zeros, if used with the
+.Fl Z
+option) is stripped. If necessary, values are either truncated or space padded
+to fit the field width.
+.It Fl R Ns Ar n
+Right justify attribute.
+.Ar n
+specifies the field width. If
+.Ar n
+is not specified, the current width of a parameter (or the width of its first
+assigned value) is used. Trailing whitespace is stripped. If necessary, values
+are either stripped of leading characters or space padded to make them fit the
 field width.
-T}
-\-R\fIn\fP	T{
-Right justify attribute: \fIn\fP specifies the field width.
-If \fIn\fP is not specified, the current width of a parameter (or the
-width of its first assigned value) is used.
-Trailing white space are stripped.
-If necessary, values are either stripped of leading characters
-or space padded to make them fit the field width.
-T}
-\-Z\fIn\fP	T{
-Zero fill attribute: if not combined with \fB\-L\fP, this is the
-same as \fB\-R\fP, except zero padding is used instead of space padding.
-T}
-\-i\fIn\fP	T{
-integer attribute:
-\fIn\fP specifies the base to use when displaying the integer
-(if not specified, the base given in the first assignment is used).
-Parameters with this attribute may be assigned values containing
-arithmetic expressions.
-T}
-\-U	T{
-unsigned integer attribute: integers are printed as unsigned values
-(only useful when combined with the \fB\-i\fP option).
-This option is not in the original Korn shell.
-T}
-\-f	T{
-Function mode: display or set functions and their attributes, instead of
+.It Fl Z Ns Ar n
+Zero fill attribute. If not combined with
+.Fl L ,
+this is the same as
+.Fl R ,
+except zero padding is used instead of space padding.
+.It Fl i Ns Ar n
+Integer attribute.
+.Ar n
+specifies the base to use when displaying the integer (if not specified, the
+base given in the first assignment is used). Parameters with this attribute may
+be assigned values containing arithmetic expressions.
+.It Fl U
+Unsigned integer attribute. Integers are printed as unsigned values (only
+useful when combined with the
+.Fl i
+option). This option is not in the original Korn shell.
+.It Fl f
+Function mode. Display or set functions and their attributes, instead of
 parameters.
-T}
-\-l	T{
-Lower case attribute: all  upper case characters in values are converted to
-lower case.
-(In the original Korn shell, this parameter meant `long integer' when used
-with the \fB\-i\fP option).
-T}
-\-p	T{
-Print complete typeset commands that can be used to re-create the
-attributes (but not the values) of parameters.
-This is the default action (option exists for ksh93 compatability).
-T}
-\-r	T{
-Readonly attribute: parameters with the this attribute may not be assigned to
-or unset.
-Once this attribute is set, it can not be turned off.
-T}
-\-t	T{
-Tag attribute: has no meaning to the shell; provided for application use.
-.sp
-For functions, \fB\-t\fP is the trace attribute.
-When functions with the trace attribute are executed, the \fBxtrace\fP (\fB\-x\fP) shell option is temporarily turned on.
-T}
-\-u	T{
-Upper case attribute: all lower case characters in values are converted to
-upper case.
-(In the original Korn shell, this parameter meant `unsigned integer' when used
-with the \fB\-i\fP option, which meant upper case letters would never be used
-for bases greater than 10.  See the \fB\-U\fP option).
-.sp
-For functions, \fB\-u\fP is the undefined attribute.  See Functions above
-for the implications of this.
-T}
-\-x	T{
-Export attribute: parameters (or functions) are placed in the environment of
-any executed commands.  Exported functions are not implemented yet.
-T}
-.TE
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  ulimit [-acdfHlmnpsStvw] [value]
-.IP "\fBulimit\fP [\fB\-acdfHlmnpsStvw\fP] [\fIvalue\fP]"
-Display or set process limits.
-If no options are used, the file size limit (\fB\-f\fP) is assumed.
-\fBvalue\fP, if specified, may be either be an arithmetic expression or the
-word \fBunlimited\fP.
-The limits affect the shell and any processes created by the shell after
-a limit is imposed.
-Note that some systems may not allow limits to be increased once they
-are set.
-Also note that the types of limits available are system dependent \- some
-systems have only the \fB\-f\fP limit.
-.RS
-.IP \fB\-a\fP
-Displays all limits; unless \fB\-H\fP is used, soft limits are displayed.
-.IP \fB\-H\fP
+.It Fl l
+Lower case attribute. All upper case characters in values are converted to
+lower case. (In the original Korn shell, this parameter meant
+.Dq long integer
+when used with the
+.Fl i
+option.)
+.It Fl p
+Print complete
+.Ic typeset
+commands that can be used to re-create the attributes (but not the values) or
+parameters. This is the default action (option exists for ksh93 compatibility).
+.It Fl r
+Read-only attribute. Parameters with this attribute may not be assigned to or
+unset. Once this attribute is set, it can not be turned off.
+.It Fl t
+Tag attribute. Has no meaning to the shell; provided for application use.
+.Pp
+For functions,
+.Fl t
+is the trace attribute. When functions with the trace attribute are executed,
+the
+.Ic xtrace
+.Pq Fl x
+shell option is temporarily turned on.
+.It Fl u
+Upper case attribute. All lower case characters in values are converted to
+upper case. (In the original Korn shell, this parameter meant
+.Dq unsigned integer
+when used with the
+.Fl i
+option, which meant upper case letters would never be used for bases greater
+than 10. See the
+.Fl U
+option.)
+.Pp
+For functions,
+.Fl u
+is the undefined attribute. See
+.Sx Functions
+above for the implications of this.
+.It Fl x
+Export attribute. Parameters (or functions) are placed in the environment of
+any executed commands. Exported functions are not yet implemented.
+.El
+.It Xo Ic ulimit Op Fl acdfHlmnpsStvw
+.Op Ar value
+.Xc
+Display or set process limits. If no options are used, the file size limit
+.Pq Fl f
+is assumed.
+.Ar value ,
+if specified, may be either an arithmetic expression or the word
+.Dq unlimited .
+The limits affect the shell and any processes created by the shell after a
+limit is imposed. Note that some systems may not allow limits to be increased
+once they are set. Also note that the types of limits available are system
+dependent -- some systems have only the
+.Fl f
+limit.
+.Bl -tag -width 5n
+.It Fl a
+Displays all limits; unless
+.Fl H
+is used, soft limits are displayed.
+.It Fl H
 Set the hard limit only (default is to set both hard and soft limits).
-.IP \fB\-S\fP
+.It Fl S
 Set the soft limit only (default is to set both hard and soft limits).
-.IP \fB\-c\fP
-Impose a size limit of \fIn\fP blocks on the size of core dumps.
-.IP \fB\-d\fP
-Impose a size limit of \fIn\fP kbytes on the size of the data area.
-.IP \fB\-f\fP
-Impose a size limit of \fIn\fP blocks on files written by the shell and
-its child processes (files of any size may be read).
-.IP \fB\-l\fP
-Impose a limit of \fIn\fP kbytes on the amount of locked (wired) physical
-memory.
-.IP \fB\-m\fP
-Impose a limit of \fIn\fP kbytes on the amount of physical memory used.
-.IP \fB\-n\fP
-Impose a limit of \fIn\fP file descriptors that can be open at once.
-.IP \fB\-p\fP
-Impose a limit of \fIn\fP processes that can be run by the user at any one
-time.
-.IP \fB\-s\fP
-Impose a size limit of \fIn\fP kbytes on the size of the stack area.
-.IP \fB\-t\fP
-Impose a time limit of \fIn\fP cpu seconds to be used by each process.
-.IP \fB\-v\fP
-Impose a limit of \fIn\fP kbytes on the amount of virtual memory used;
-on some systems this is the maximum allowable virtual address (in bytes,
-not kbytes).
-.IP \fB\-w\fP
-Impose a limit of \fIn\fP kbytes on the amount of swap space used.
-.PP
-As far as \fBulimit\fP is concerned, a block is 512 bytes.
-.RE
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  umask [-S] [mask]
-.IP "\fBumask\fP [\fB\-S\fP] [\fImask\fP]"
-.RS
-Display or set the file permission creation mask, or umask (see \fIumask\fP(2)).
-If the \fB\-S\fP option is used, the mask displayed or set is symbolic,
-otherwise it is an octal number.
-.sp
-Symbolic masks are like those used by \fIchmod\fP(1):
-.RS
-[\fBugoa\fP]{{\fB=+-\fP}{\fBrwx\fP}*}+[\fB,\fP...]
-.RE
-in which the first group of characters is the \fIwho\fP part, the second
-group is the \fIop\fP part, and the last group is the \fIperm\fP part.
-The \fIwho\fP part specifies which part of the umask is to be modified.
-The letters mean:
-.RS
-.IP \fBu\fP
-the user permissions
-.IP \fBg\fP
-the group permissions
-.IP \fBo\fP
-the other permissions (non-user, non-group)
-.IP \fBa\fP
-all permissions (user, group and other)
-.RE
-.sp
-The \fIop\fP part indicates how the \fIwho\fP permissions are to be modified:
-.RS
-.IP \fB=\fP
-set
-.IP \fB+\fP
-added to
-.IP \fB\-\fP
-removed from
-.RE
-.sp
-The \fIperm\fP part specifies which permissions are to be set, added or removed:
-.RS
-.IP \fBr\fP
-read permission
-.IP \fBw\fP
-write permission
-.IP \fBx\fP
-execute permission
-.RE
-.sp
-When symbolic masks are used, they describe what permissions may
-be made available (as opposed to octal masks in which a set bit means
-the corresponding bit is to be cleared).
-Example: `ug=rwx,o=' sets the mask so files will not be readable, writable
-or executable by `others', and is equivalent (on most systems) to the octal
-mask `07'.
-.RE
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  unalias [-adt] name ...
-.IP "\fBunalias\fP [\fB\-adt\fP] [\fIname1\fP ...]"
-The aliases for the given names are removed.
-If the \fB\-a\fP option is used, all aliases are removed.
-If the \fB\-t\fP or \fB\-d\fP options are used, the indicated operations
-are carried out on tracked or directory aliases, respectively.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  unset [-fv] parameter ...
-.IP "\fBunset\fP [\fB\-fv\fP] \fIparameter\fP ..."
-Unset the named parameters (\fB\-v\fP, the default) or functions (\fB\-f\fP).
-The exit status is non-zero if any of the parameters were already unset,
-zero otherwise.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  wait [job]
-.IP "\fBwait\fP [\fIjob\fP]"
-Wait for the specified job(s) to finish.
-The exit status of wait is that of the last specified job:
-if the last job is killed by a signal, the exit status is 128 + the
-number of the signal (see \fBkill \-l\fP \fIexit-status\fP above); if the last
-specified job can't be found (because it never existed, or had already
-finished), the exit status of wait is 127.
-See Job Control below for the format of \fIjob\fP.
-\fBWait\fP will return if a signal for which a trap has been set is received,
-or if a HUP, INT or QUIT signal is received.
-.sp
-If no jobs are specified, \fBwait\fP waits for all currently running jobs
-(if any) to finish and exits with a zero status.
-If job monitoring is enabled, the completion status of jobs is
-printed (this is not the case when jobs are explicitly specified).
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  whence [-pv] [name ...]
-.IP "\fBwhence\fP [\fB\-pv\fP] [name ...]"
-For each name, the type of command is listed (reserved word, built-in, alias,
-function, tracked alias or executable).
-If the \fB\-p\fP option is used, a path search done even if \fIname\fP
-is a reserved word, alias, \fIetc.\fP
-Without the \fB\-v\fP option, \fBwhence\fP is similar to \fBcommand \-v\fP
-except that \fBwhence\fP will find reserved words and won't print aliases
-as alias commands;
-with the \fB\-v\fP option, \fBwhence\fP is the same as \fBcommand \-V\fP.
-Note that for \fBwhence\fP, the \fB\-p\fP option does not affect the search
-path used, as it does for \fBcommand\fP.
-If the type of one or more of the names could not be determined, the
-exit status is non-zero.
-.\"}}}
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  job control (and its built-in commands)
-.SS "Job Control"
-Job control refers to the shell's ability to monitor and control \fBjobs\fP,
-which are processes or groups of processes created for commands or pipelines.
-At a minimum, the shell keeps track of the status of the background
-(\fIi.e.\fP, asynchronous) jobs that currently exist; this information can be
-displayed using the \fBjobs\fP command.
-If job control is fully enabled (using \fBset \-m\fP or
-\fBset \-o monitor\fP), as it is for interactive shells,
-the processes of a job are placed in their own process group,
-foreground jobs can be stopped by typing the suspend character from the
-terminal (normally ^Z),
-jobs can be restarted in either the foreground
-or background, using the \fBfg\fP and \fBbg\fP commands, respectively,
-and the state of the terminal is saved or restored when a foreground
+.It Fl c Ar n
+Impose a size limit of
+.Ar n
+blocks on the size of core dumps.
+.It Fl d Ar n
+Impose a size limit of
+.Ar n
+kilobytes on the size of the data area.
+.It Fl f Ar n
+Impose a size limit of
+.Ar n
+blocks on files written by the shell and its child processes (files of any
+size may be read).
+.It Fl l Ar n
+Impose a limit of
+.Ar n
+kilobytes on the amount of locked (wired) physical memory.
+.It Fl m Ar n
+Impose a limit of
+.Ar n
+kilobytes on the amount of physical memory used.
+.It Fl n Ar n
+Impose a limit of
+.Ar n
+file descriptors that can be open at once.
+.It Fl p Ar n
+Impose a limit of
+.Ar n
+processes that can be run by the user at any one time.
+.It Fl s Ar n
+Impose a size limit of
+.Ar n
+kilobytes on the size of the stack area.
+.It Fl t Ar n
+Impose a time limit of
+.Ar n
+CPU seconds to be used by each process.
+.It Fl v Ar n
+Impose a limit of
+.Ar n
+kbytes on the amount of virtual memory used; on some systems this is the
+maximum allowable virtual address (in bytes, not kbytes).
+.It Fl w Ar n
+Impose a limit of
+.Ar n
+kbytes on the amount of swap space used.
+.El
+.Pp
+As far as
+.Ic ulimit
+is concerned, a block is 512 bytes.
+.It Xo Ic umask Op Fl S
+.Op Ar mask
+.Xc
+Display or set the file permission creation mask, or umask (see
+.Xr umask 2 ) .
+If the
+.Fl S
+option is used, the mask displayed or set is symbolic, otherwise it is an
+octal number.
+.Pp
+Symbolic masks are like those used by
+.Xr chmod 1 .
+When used, they describe what permissions may be made available (as opposed to
+octal masks in which a set bit means the corresponding bit is to be cleared).
+For example,
+.Dq ug=rwx,o=
+sets the mask so files with not be readable, writable or executable by
+.Dq others ,
+and is equivalent (on most systems) to the octal mask
+.Dq 007 .
+.It Xo Ic unalias Op Fl adt
+.Op Ar name1 ...
+.Xc
+The aliases for the given names are removed. If the
+.Fl a
+option is used, all aliases are removed. If the
+.Fl t
+or
+.Fl d
+options are used, the indicated operations are carried out on tracked or
+directory aliases, respectively.
+.It Xo Ic unset Op Fl fv
+.Ar parameter ...
+.Xc
+Unset the named parameters
+.Po
+.Fl v ,
+the default
+.Pc
+or functions
+.Pq Fl f .
+The exit status is non-zero if any of the parameters were already unset, zero
+otherwise.
+.It Ic wait Op Ar job ...
+Wait for the specified job(s) to finish. The exit status of
+.Ic wait
+is that of the last specified job; if the last job is killed by a signal, the
+exit status is 128 + the number of the signal (see
+.Ic kill -l Ar exit-status
+above); if the last specified job can't be found (because it never existed, or
+had already finished), the exit status of
+.Ic wait
+is 127. See
+.Sx Job control
+below for the format of
+.Ar job .
+.Ic wait
+will return if a signal for which a trap has been set is received, or if a
+.Dv HUP ,
+.Dv INT
+or
+.Dv QUIT
+signal is received.
+.Pp
+If no jobs are specified,
+.Ic wait
+waits for all currently running jobs (if any) to finish and exits with a zero
+status. If job monitoring is enabled, the completion status of jobs is printed
+(this is not the case when jobs are explicitly specified).
+.It Xo Ic whence Op Fl pv
+.Op Ar name ...
+.Xc
+For each
+.Ar name ,
+the type of command is listed (reserved word, built-in, alias,
+function, tracked alias, or executable). If the
+.Fl p
+option is used, a path search is performed even if
+.Ar name
+is a reserved word, alias, etc. Without the
+.Fl v
+option,
+.Ic whence
+is similar to
+.Ic command Fl v
+except that
+.Ic whence
+will find reserved words and won't print aliases as alias commands. With the
+.Fl v
+option,
+.Ic whence
+is the same as
+.Ic command Fl V .
+Note that for
+.Ic whence ,
+the
+.Fl p
+option does not affect the search path used, as it does for
+.Ic command .
+If the type of one or more of the names could not be determined, the exit
+status is non-zero.
+.El
+.Ss Job control
+Job control refers to the shell's ability to monitor and control jobs, which
+are processes or groups of processes created for commands or pipelines. At a
+minimum, the shell keeps track of the status of the background (i.e.,
+asynchronous) jobs that currently exist; this information can be displayed
+using the
+.Ic jobs
+commands. If job control is fully enabled (using
+.Ic set Fl m
+or
+.Ic set Fl o Ic monitor ) ,
+as it is for interactive shells, the processes of a job are placed in their
+own process group. Foreground jobs can be stopped by typing the suspend
+character from the terminal (normally ^Z), jobs can be restarted in either the
+foreground or background using the
+.Ic fg
+and
+.Ic bg
+commands, and the state of the terminal is saved or restored when a foreground
 job is stopped or restarted, respectively.
-.sp
-Note that only commands that create processes (\fIe.g.\fP,
-asynchronous commands, subshell commands, and non-built-in,
-non-function commands) can be stopped; commands like \fBread\fP cannot be.
-.sp
-When a job is created, it is assigned a job-number.
-For interactive shells, this number is printed inside \fB[\fP..\fB]\fP,
-followed by the process-ids of the processes in the job when an asynchronous
-command is run.
-A job may be referred to in \fBbg\fP, \fBfg\fP, \fBjobs\fP, \fBkill\fP and
-\fBwait\fP commands either by the process id of the last process in the
-command pipeline (as stored in the \fB$!\fP parameter) or by prefixing the
-job-number with a percent sign (\fB%\fP).
+.Pp
+Note that only commands that create processes (e.g., asynchronous commands,
+subshell commands, and non-built-in, non-function commands) can be stopped;
+commands like
+.Ic read
+cannot be.
+.Pp
+When a job is created, it is assigned a job number. For interactive shells,
+this number is printed inside
+.Dq \&[..\&] ,
+followed by the process IDs of the processes in the job when an asynchronous
+command is run. A job may be referred to in
+.Ic bg ,
+.Ic fg ,
+.Ic jobs ,
+.Ic kill ,
+and
+.Ic wait
+commands either by the process ID of the last process in the command pipeline
+(as stored in the $! parameter) or by prefixing the job number with a percent
+sign
+.Pq Sq % .
 Other percent sequences can also be used to refer to jobs:
-.sp
-.TS
-expand;
-afB lw(4.5i).
-%+	T{
+.Bl -tag -width 10n
+.It Ic %\&+
 The most recently stopped job, or, if there are no stopped jobs, the oldest
 running job.
-T}
-%%\fR, \fP%	T{
-Same as \fB%+\fP.
-T}
-%\-	T{
-The job that would be the \fB%+\fP job, if the later did not exist.
-T}
-%\fIn\fP	T{
-The job with job-number \fIn\fP.
-T}
-%?\fIstring\fP	T{
-The job containing the string \fIstring\fP (an error occurs if multiple jobs
-are matched).
-T}
-%\fIstring\fP	T{
-The job starting with string \fIstring\fP (an error occurs if multiple jobs
-are matched).
-T}
-.TE
-.sp
-When a job changes state (\fIe.g.\fP, a background job finishes or foreground
-job is stopped), the shell prints the following status information:
-.RS
-\fB[\fP\fInumber\fP\fB]\fP \fIflag status command\fP
-.RE
+.It Ic %% , %
+Same as
+.Ic %\&+ .
+.It Ic %\&-
+The job that would be the
+.Ic %\&+
+job if the latter did not exist.
+.It Ic % Ns Ar n
+The job with job number
+.Ar n .
+.It Ic %\&? Ns Ar string
+The job containing the string
+.Ar string
+(an error occurs if multiple jobs are matched).
+.It Ic % Ns Ar string
+The job starting with string
+.Ar string
+(an error occurs if multiple jobs are matched).
+.El
+.Pp
+When a job changes state (e.g., a background job finishes or foreground job is
+stopped), the shell prints the following status information:
+.Pp
+.Ic \&[ Ar number Ic \&] Ar flag status command
+.Pp
 where
-.IP "\ \fInumber\fP"
-is the job-number of the job.
-.IP "\ \fIflag\fP"
-is \fB+\fP or \fB-\fP if the job is the \fB%+\fP or \fB%-\fP job,
-respectively, or space if it is neither.
-.IP "\ \fIstatus\fP"
-indicates the current state of the job and can be
-.RS
-.IP "\fBRunning\fP"
-the job has neither stopped or exited (note that running does not
-necessarily mean consuming CPU time \(em the process could be blocked waiting
-for some event).
-.IP "\fBDone\fP [\fB(\fP\fInumber\fP\fB)\fP]"
-the job exited. \fInumber\fP is the exit status of the job, which is
-omitted if the status is zero.
-.IP "\fBStopped\fP [\fB(\fP\fIsignal\fP\fB)\fP]"
-the job was stopped by the indicated \fIsignal\fP (if no signal is given,
-the job was stopped by SIGTSTP).
-.IP "\fIsignal-description\fP [\fB(core dumped)\fP]"
-the job was killed by a signal (\fIe.g.\fP, Memory\ fault,
-Hangup, \fIetc.\fP \(em use
-\fBkill \-l\fP for a list of signal descriptions).
-The \fB(core\ dumped)\fP message indicates the process created a core file.
-.RE
-.IP "\ \fIcommand\fP"
-is the command that created the process.
-If there are multiple processes in the job, then each process will
-have a line showing its \fIcommand\fP and possibly its \fIstatus\fP,
+.Bl -tag -width "status"
+.It Ar number
+is the job number of the job.
+.It Ar flag
+is the
+.Dq \&+
+or
+.Dq \&-
+character if the job is the
+.Ic %\&+ or
+.Ic %\&-
+job, respectively, or space if it is neither.
+.It Ar status
+indicates the current state of the job and can be:
+.Bl -tag -width "Running"
+.It Cm Running
+The job has neither stopped nor exited (note that running does not necessarily
+mean consuming CPU time -- the process could be blocked waiting for some
+event).
+.It Cm Done Op Ar number
+The job exited.
+.Ar number
+is the exit status of the job, which is omitted if the status is zero.
+.It Cm Stopped Op Ar signal
+The job was stopped by the indicated
+.Ar signal
+(if no signal is given, the job was stopped by
+.Dv SIGTSTP ) .
+.It Ar signal-description Op Dq core dumped
+The job was killed by a signal (e.g., memory fault, hangup, etc.; use
+.Ic kill -l
+for a list of signal descriptions). The
+.Dq core dumped
+message indicates the process created a core file.
+.El
+.It Ar command
+is the command that created the process. If there are multiple processes in
+the job, each process will have a line showing its
+.Ar command
+and possibly its
+.Ar status ,
 if it is different from the status of the previous process.
-.PP
-When an attempt is made to exit the shell while there are jobs in
-the stopped state, the shell warns the user that there are stopped jobs
-and does not exit.
-If another attempt is immediately made to exit the shell, the stopped
-jobs are sent a \fBHUP\fP signal and the shell exits.
-Similarly, if the \fBnohup\fP option is not set and there are running
-jobs when an attempt is made to exit a login shell, the shell warns the
-user and does not exit.
-If another attempt is immediately made to exit the shell, the running
-jobs are sent a \fBHUP\fP signal and the shell exits.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  Emacs Interactive Input Line Editing
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  Vi Interactive Input Line Editing
-.\"}}}
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  Files
-.SH FILES
-~/.profile
-.br
-/etc/profile
-.br
-/etc/suid_profile
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  Notes
-.SH NOTES
-Sh is implemented as a runtime option of pdksh, with only those ksh features
-whose syntax or semantics are incompatible with a traditional Bourne
-shell disabled.  Since this leaves some ksh extensions exposed, caution
-should be used where backwards compatibility with traditional Bourne or
-POSIX compliant shells is an issue.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  Bugs
-.SH BUGS
-Any bugs in pdksh should be reported to pdksh@cs.mun.ca.  Please
-include the version of pdksh (echo $KSH_VERSION shows it), the machine,
-operating system and compiler you are using and a description of how to
-repeat the bug (a small shell script that demonstrates the bug is
-best).  The following, if relevant (if you are not sure, include them),
-can also helpful: options you are using (both options.h options and set
-\-o options) and a copy of your config.h (the file generated by the
-configure script).  New versions of pdksh can be obtained from
-ftp://ftp.cs.mun.ca/pub/pdksh/.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  Authors
-.SH AUTHORS
+.El
+.Pp
+When an attempt is made to exit the shell while there are jobs in the stopped
+state, the shell warns the user that there are stopped jobs and does not exit.
+If another attempt is immediately made to exit the shell, the stopped jobs are
+sent a
+.Dv HUP
+signal and the shell exits. Similarly, if the
+.Ic nohup
+option is not set and there are running jobs when an attempt is made to exit
+a login shell, the shell warns the user and does not exit. If another attempt
+is immediately made to exit the shell, the running jobs are sent a
+.Dv HUP
+signal and the shell exits.
+.Sh FILES
+.Bl -tag -width "/etc/suid_profile" -compact
+.It Pa ~/.profile
+.It Pa /etc/profile
+.It Pa /etc/suid_profile
+.El
+.Sh SEE ALSO
+.Xr awk 1 ,
+.Xr csh 1 ,
+.Xr ed 1 ,
+.Xr getconf 1 ,
+.Xr getopt 1 ,
+.Xr ksh 1 ,
+.Xr sed 1 ,
+.Xr stty 1 ,
+.Xr vi 1 ,
+.Xr dup 2 ,
+.Xr execve 2 ,
+.Xr getgid 2 ,
+.Xr getuid 2 ,
+.Xr open 2 ,
+.Xr pipe 2 ,
+.Xr wait 2 ,
+.Xr getopt 3 ,
+.Xr rand 3 ,
+.Xr signal 3 ,
+.Xr system 3 ,
+.Xr environ 5
+.Pp
+.Rs
+.%A Morris Bolsky and David Korn
+.%T "The KornShell Command and Programming Language"
+.%D 1983
+.%O "ISBN 0-13-516972-0"
+.Re
+.Rs
+.%A Stephen G. Kochan and Patrick H. Wood
+.%T "UNIX Shell Programming"
+.%O "Hayden"
+.Re
+.Rs
+.%A "IEEE Inc."
+.%T "IEEE Standard for Information Technology - Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX) - Part 2: Shell and Utilities"
+.%D 1993
+.%O "ISBN 1-55937-266-9"
+.Re
+.Sh NOTES
+.Nm sh
+is implemented as a run-time option of
+.Nm pdksh ,
+with only those
+.Nm ksh
+features whose syntax or semantics are incompatible with a traditional Bourne
+shell disabled. Since this leaves some
+.Nm ksh
+extensions exposed, caution should be used where backwards compatibility with
+traditional Bourne or POSIX compliant shells is an issue.
+.Sh BUGS
+Any bugs in
+.Nm pdksh
+should be reported to pdksh@cs.mun.ca. Please include the version of
+.Nm pdksh
+.Po
+.Ic echo $KSH_VERSION
+shows it
+.Pc ,
+the machine, operating system and compiler you are using and a description of
+how to repeat the bug (a small shell script that demonstrates the bug is best).
+The following, if relevant (if you are not sure, include them), can also be
+helpful: options you are using (both
+.Pa options.h
+and
+.Ic set Fl o Ic options )
+and a copy of your
+.Pa config.h
+(the file generated by the
+.Pa configure
+script). New version of
+.Nm pdksh
+can be obtained from ftp://ftp.cs.mun.ca/pub/pdksh.
+.Sh AUTHORS
 This shell is based on the public domain 7th edition Bourne shell clone by
-Charles Forsyth and parts of the BRL shell by Doug A.\& Gwyn, Doug Kingston,
-Ron Natalie, Arnold Robbins, Lou Salkind and others.  The first release
-of pdksh was created by Eric Gisin, and it was subsequently maintained by
-John R.\& MacMillan (chance!john@sq.sq.com), and
-Simon J.\& Gerraty (sjg@zen.void.oz.au).  The current maintainer is
-Michael Rendell (michael@cs.mun.ca).
-The CONTRIBUTORS file in the source distribution contains a more complete
-list of people and their part in the shell's development.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  See also
-.SH "SEE ALSO"
-awk(1), 
-ksh(1),
-csh(1), ed(1), getconf(1), getopt(1), sed(1), stty(1), vi(1),
-dup(2), execve(2), getgid(2), getuid(2), open(2), pipe(2), wait(2),
-getopt(3), rand(3), signal(3), system(3),
-environ(5)
-.PP
-.IR "The KornShell Command and Programming Language" ,
-Morris Bolsky and David Korn, 1989, ISBN 0-13-516972-0.
-.PP
-.\" XXX ISBN missing
-.IR "UNIX Shell Programming" ,
-Stephen G.\& Kochan, Patrick H.\& Wood, Hayden.
-.PP
-.IR "IEEE Standard for information Technology \- Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX) \- Part 2: Shell and Utilities" ,
-IEEE Inc, 1993, ISBN 1-55937-255-9.
-.\"}}}
+Charles Forsyth and parts of the BRL shell by Doug A. Gwyn, Doug Kingston,
+Ron Natalie, Arnold Robbins, Lou Salkind, and others. The first release of
+.Nm pdksh
+was created by Eric Gisin, and it was subsequently maintained by John R.
+MacMillan (change!john@sq.sq.com) and Simon J. Gerraty (sjg@zen.void.oz.au).
+The current maintainer is Michael Rendell (michael@cs.mun.ca). The
+.Pa CONTRIBUTORS
+file in the source distribution contains a more complete list of people and
+their part in the shell's development.
diff --git a/bin/ksh/sh.1tbl b/bin/ksh/sh.1tbl
index ff084005d03..1c8268372a1 100644
--- a/bin/ksh/sh.1tbl
+++ b/bin/ksh/sh.1tbl
@@ -1,2409 +1,3405 @@
-'\" t
-.\"	$OpenBSD: sh.1tbl,v 1.8 1999/01/19 20:41:55 millert Exp $
-.\"{{{}}}
-.\"{{{  Notes about man page
-.\"     - use the pseudo-macros .sh( and .sh) to begin and end sh-specific
-.\"       text and .ksh( and .ksh) for ksh specific text.
-.\"     - put i.e., e.g. and etc. in italics
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  To do
-.\" todo: Things not covered that should be:
-.\"	- distinguish (POSIX) special built-in's, (POSIX) regular built-in's,
-.\"	  and sh/ksh weirdo built-in's (put S,R,X superscripts after command
-.\"	  name in built-in commands section?)
-.\"	- need to be consistent about notation for `See section-name', `
-.\"	  See description of foobar command', `See section section-name', etc.
-.\"	- need to use the term `external command' meaning `a command that is 
-.\"       executed using execve(2)' (as opposed to a built-in command or 
-.\"       function) for more clear description.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  Title
-.TH SH 1 "August 19, 1996" "" "User commands"
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  Name
-.SH NAME
-sh \- Public domain Bourne shell
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  Synopsis
-.SH SYNOPSIS
-.ad l
-\fBsh\fP
-[\fB\(+-abCefhikmnprsuvxX\fP] [\fB\(+-o\fP \fIoption\fP] [ [ \fB\-c\fP \fIcommand-string\fP [\fIcommand-name\fP] | \fB\-s\fP | \fIfile\fP ] [\fIargument\fP ...] ]
-.ad b
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  Description
-.SH DESCRIPTION
-\fBsh\fP is a reimplementation of the Bourne shell, a command
-interpreter for both interactive and script use.
-.\"{{{  Shell Startup
-.SS "Shell Startup"
+.\"	$OpenBSD: sh.1tbl,v 1.9 1999/03/02 23:46:54 aaron Exp $
+.\"
+.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1990, 1993
+.\"     The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
+.\"
+.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+.\" are met:
+.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+.\"    must display the following acknowledgement:
+.\"     This product includes software developed by the University of
+.\"     California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+.\"    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+.\"    without specific prior written permission.
+.\"
+.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
+.\"
+.\"     @(#)ksh.1tbl      8.2 (Berkeley) 8/19/96
+.\"
+.Dd August 19, 1996
+.Dt KSH 1
+.Os BSD 4
+.Sh NAME
+.Nm sh
+.Nd public domain Bourne shell
+.Sh SYNOPSIS
+.Nm sh
+.Op Fl +abCefhikmnprsuvxX
+.Op Fl +o Ar option
+.Oo [ Fl c Ar command-string [
+.Xo Ar command-name ] No \&| Fl s No \&|
+.Ar file No ]\ 
+.Xc
+.Op Ar argument ... Oc
+.Sh DESCRIPTION
+.Nm sh
+is a reimplementation of the Bourne shell, a command interpreter for both
+interactive and script use.
+.Ss Shell startup
 The following options can be specified only on the command line:
-.IP "\fB\-c\fP \fIcommand-string\fP"
-the shell executes the command(s) contained in \fIcommand-string\fP
-.IP \fB\-i\fP
-interactive mode \(em see below
-.IP \fB\-l\fP
-login shell \(em see below
-interactive mode \(em see below
-.IP \fB\-s\fP
-the shell reads commands from standard input; all non-option arguments
-are positional parameters
-.IP \fB\-r\fP
-restricted mode \(em see below
-.PP
-In addition to the above, the options described in the \fBset\fP built-in
-command can also be used on the command line.
-.PP
-If neither the \fB\-c\fP nor the \fB\-s\fP options are specified, the
-first non-option argument specifies the name of a file the shell reads
-commands from; if there are no non-option arguments, the shell reads
-commands from standard input.
-The name of the shell (\fIi.e.\fP, the contents of the \fB$0\fP) parameter
-is determined as follows: if the \fB\-c\fP option is used and there is
-a non-option argument, it is used as the name; if commands are being
-read from a file, the file is used as the name; otherwise the name
-the shell was called with (\fIi.e.\fP, argv[0]) is used.
-.PP
-A shell is \fBinteractive\fP if the \fB\-i\fP option is used or
-if both standard input and standard error are attached to a tty.
-An interactive shell has job control enabled (if available),
-ignores the INT, QUIT and TERM signals, and prints prompts before
-reading input (see \fBPS1\fP and \fBPS2\fP parameters).
-For non-interactive shells, the \fBtrackall\fP option is on by default
-(see \fBset\fP command below).
-.PP
-A shell is \fBrestricted\fP if the \fB\-r\fP option is used or if either
-the basename of the name the shell is invoked with or the \fBSHELL\fP
-parameter match the pattern *r*sh (\fIe.g.\fP, rsh, rksh, rpdksh, \fIetc.\fP).
-The following restrictions come into effect after the shell processes
-any profile and \fB$ENV\fP files:
-.nr P2 \n(PD
-.nr PD 0
-.IP \ \ \(bu
-the \fBcd\fP command is disabled
-.IP \ \ \(bu
-the \fBSHELL\fP, \fBENV\fP and \fBPATH\fP parameters can't be changed
-.IP \ \ \(bu
-command names can't be specified with absolute or relative paths
-.IP \ \ \(bu
-the \fB\-p\fP option of the \fBcommand\fP built-in can't be used
-.IP \ \ \(bu
-redirections that create files can't be used (\fIi.e.\fP, \fB>\fP,
-\fB>|\fP, \fB>>\fP, \fB<>\fP)
-.nr PD \n(P2
-.PP
-A shell is \fBprivileged\fP if the \fB\-p\fP option is used or if
-the real user-id or group-id does not match the effective user-id
-or group-id (see \fIgetuid\fP(2), \fIgetgid\fP(2)).
-A privileged shell does not process $HOME/.profile nor the \fBENV\fP
-parameter (see below), instead the file /etc/suid_profile is processed.
-Clearing the privileged option causes the shell to set its effective
-user-id (group-id) to its real user-id (group-id).
-.PP
-If the basename of the name the shell is called with (\fIi.e.\fP, argv[0])
-starts with \fB\-\fP or if the \fB\-l\fP option is used, the shell is assumed
-to be a login shell and the shell reads and executes the contents of
-\fB/etc/profile\fP and \fB$HOME/.profile\fP if they exist and are readable.
-.PP
-If the \fBENV\fP parameter is set when the shell starts (or, in the
-case of login shells, after any profiles are processed), its value
-is subjected to parameter, command, arithmetic and tilde substitution and
-the resulting file (if any) is read and executed.
-If \fBENV\fP parameter is not set (and not null) and pdksh was compiled
-with the \fBDEFAULT_ENV\fP macro defined, the file named in that macro
-is included (after the above mentioned substitutions have been performed).
-.PP
-The exit status of the shell is 127 if the command file specified
-on the command line could not be opened, or non-zero if a fatal syntax
-error occurred during the execution of a script.
-In the absence of fatal errors, the exit status is that of the last
-command executed, or zero, if no command is executed.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  Command Syntax
-.SS "Command Syntax"
-.\"{{{  words and tokens
-The shell begins parsing its input by breaking it into \fIword\fPs.
-Words, which are sequences of characters, are delimited by unquoted
-\fIwhite-space\fP characters (space, tab and newline) or \fImeta-characters\fP
-(\fB<\fP, \fB>\fP, \fB|\fP, \fB;\fP, \fB&\fP, \fB(\fP and \fB)\fP).
-Aside from delimiting words, spaces and tabs are ignored, while
-newlines usually delimit commands.
-The meta-characters are used in building the following tokens:
-\fB<\fP, \fB<&\fP, \fB<<\fP, \fB>\fP, \fB>&\fP, \fB>>\fP, \fIetc.\fP are
-used to specify redirections (see Input/Output Redirection below);
-\fB|\fP is used to create pipelines;
-\fB;\fP is used to separate commands;
-\fB&\fP is used to create asynchronous pipelines;
-\fB&&\fP and \fB||\fP are used to specify conditional execution;
-\fB;;\fP is used in \fBcase\fP statements;
+.Bl -tag -width Ds
+.It Fl c Ar command-string
+.Nm ksh
+will execute the command(s) contained in
+.Ar command-string .
+.It Fl i
+Interactive mode; see below.
+.It Fl l
+Login shell; see below.
+.It Fl s
+The shell reads commands from standard input; all non-option arguments
+are positional parameters.
+.It Fl r
+Restricted mode; see below.
+.El
+.Pp
+In addition to the above, the options described in the
+.Ic set
+built-in command can also be used on the command line.
+.Pp
+If neither the
+.Fl c
+nor the
+.Fl s
+options are specified, the first non-option argument specifies the name
+of a file the shell reads commands from. If there are no non-option
+arguments, the shell reads commands from the standard input. The name of
+the shell (i.e., the contents of $0) is determined as follows: if the
+.Fl c
+option is used and there is a non-option argument, it is used as the name;
+if commands are being read from a file, the file is used as the name;
+otherwise the name the shell was called with (i.e., argv[0]) is used.
+.Pp
+A shell is
+.Dq interactive
+if the
+.Fl i
+option is used or if both standard input and standard error are attached
+to a tty. An interactive shell has job control enabled (if available),
+ignores the
+.Dv INT ,
+.Dv QUIT ,
+and
+.Dv TERM
+signals, and prints prompts before reading input (see
+.Ev PS1
+and
+.Ev PS2
+parameters).
+For non-interactive shells, the
+.Ic trackall
+option is on by default (see
+.Ic set
+command below).
+.Pp
+A shell is
+.Dq restricted
+if the
+.Fl r
+option is used or if either the basename of the name the shell was invoked
+with or the
+.Ev SHELL
+parameter match the pattern
+.Dq \&*r\&*sh
+(e.g.,
+.Dq rsh ,
+.Dq rksh ,
+.Dq rpdksh ,
+etc.).
+The following restrictions come into effect after the shell processes any
+profile and
+.Ev ENV
+files:
+.Pp
+.Bl -bullet -compact
+.It
+The
+.Ic cd
+command is disabled.
+.It
+The
+.Ev SHELL ,
+.Ev ENV
+and
+.Ev PATH
+parameters cannot be changed.
+.It
+Command names can't be specified with absolute or relative paths.
+.It
+The
+.Fl p
+option of the built-in command
+.Ic command
+can't be used.
+.It
+Redirections that create files can't be used (i.e.,
+.Dq > ,
+.Dq >| ,
+.Dq >> ,
+.Dq <> ) .
+.El
+.Pp
+A shell is
+.Dq privileged
+if the
+.Fl p
+option is used or if the real user ID or group ID does not match the
+effective user ID or group ID (see
+.Xr getuid 2
+and
+.Xr getgid 2 ) .
+A privileged shell does not process
+.Pa $HOME/.profile
+nor the
+.Ev ENV
+parameter (see below). Instead, the file
+.Pa /etc/suid_profile
+is processed. Clearing the privileged option causes the shell to set
+its effective user ID (group ID) to its real user ID (group ID).
+.Pp
+If the basename of the name the shell is called with (i.e., argv[0])
+starts with
+.Dq \&-
+or if the
+.Fl l
+option is used,
+the shell is assumed to be a login shell and the shell reads and executes
+the contents of
+.Pa /etc/profile
+and
+.Pa $HOME/.profile
+if they exist and are readable.
+.Pp
+If the
+.Ev ENV
+parameter is set when the shell starts (or, in the case of login shells,
+after any profiles are processed), its value is subjected to parameter,
+command, arithmetic, and tilde
+.Pq Sq \&~
+substitution and the resulting file
+(if any) is read and executed. If the
+.Ev ENV
+parameter is not set (and not
+.Dv NULL )
+and
+.Nm pdksh
+was compiled with the
+.Dv DEFAULT_ENV
+macro defined, the file named in that macro is included (after the above
+mentioned substitutions have been performed).
+.Pp
+The exit status of the shell is 127 if the command file specified on the
+command line could not be opened, or non-zero if a fatal syntax error
+occurred during the execution of a script. In the absence of fatal errors,
+the exit status is that of the last command executed, or zero, if no
+command is executed.
+.Ss Command syntax
+The shells begins parsing its input by breaking it into
+.Em words .
+Words, which are sequences of characters, are delimited by unquoted whitespace
+characters (space, tab, and newline) or meta-characters
+.Po
+.Dq \&< ,
+.Dq \&> ,
+.Dq \&| ,
+.Dq \&; ,
+.Dq \&( ,
+and
+.Dq \&)
+.Pc .
+Aside from delimiting words, spaces and tabs are ignored, while newlines
+usually delimit commands. The meta-charcters are used in building the
+following tokens:
+.Dq \&< ,
+.Dq \&<\&& ,
+.Dq \&<\&< ,
+.Dq \&> ,
+.Dq \&>\&& ,
+.Dq \&>\&> ,
+etc. are used to specify redirections (see
+.Sx Input/output redirection
+below);
+.Dq \&|
+is used to create pipelines;
+.Dq \&;
+is used to separate commands;
+.Dq \&&
+is used to create asynchronous pipelines;
+.Dq \&&\&&
+and
+.Dq \&|\&|
+are used to specify conditional execution;
+.Dq \&;\&;
+is used in
+.Ic case
+statements;
 and lastly,
-\fB(\fP .. \fB)\fP are used to create subshells.
-.PP
-White-space and meta-characters can be quoted individually using
-backslash (\fB\e\fP), or in groups using double (\fB"\fP) or single (\fB'\fP)
-quotes.
-Note that the following characters are also treated specially by the shell and
-must be quoted if they are to represent themselves:
-\fB\e\fP, \fB"\fP, \fB'\fP, \fB#\fP, \fB$\fP, \fB`\fP, \fB~\fP, \fB{\fP,
-\fB}\fP, \fB*\fP, \fB?\fP and \fB[\fP.
-The first three of these are the above mentioned quoting characters
-(see Quoting below);
-\fB#\fP, if used at the beginning of a word, introduces a comment \(em everything
-after the \fB#\fP up to the nearest newline is ignored;
-\fB$\fP is used to introduce parameter, command and arithmetic substitutions
-(see Substitution below);
-\fB`\fP introduces an old-style command substitution
-(see Substitution below);
-\fB~\fP begins a directory expansion (see Tilde Expansion below);
-\fB{\fP and \fB}\fP delimit \fIcsh\fP(1) style alternations
-(see Brace Expansion below);
-and, finally, \fB*\fP, \fB?\fP and \fB[\fP are used in file name generation
-(see File Name Patterns below).
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  simple-command
-.PP
-As words and tokens are parsed, the shell builds commands, of which
-there are two basic types: \fIsimple-commands\fP, typically programs
-that are executed, and \fIcompound-commands\fP, such as \fBfor\fP and
-\fBif\fP statements, grouping constructs and function definitions.
-.PP
-A simple-command consists of some combination of parameter assignments (see
-Parameters below), input/output redirections (see Input/Output Redirections
-below), and command words; the only restriction is that parameter assignments
-come before any command words.
-The command words, if any, define the command that is to be executed and its
-arguments.
-The command may be a shell built-in command, a function or an \fIexternal
-command\fP, \fIi.e.\fP, a separate executable file that is located using the
-\fBPATH\fP parameter (see Command Execution below).
-Note that all command constructs have an \fIexit status\fP: for external
-commands, this is related to the status returned by \fIwait\fP(2) (if the
-command could not be found, the exit status is 127, if it could not be
-executed, the exit status is 126);
-the exit status of other command constructs (built-in commands, functions,
-compound-commands, pipelines, lists, \fIetc.\fP) are all well defined and are
-described where the construct is described.
-The exit status of a command consisting only of parameter assignments is that
-of the last command substitution performed during the parameter assignment
-or zero if there were no command substitutions.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  pipeline
-.PP
-Commands can be chained together using the \fB|\fP token to
-form \fIpipelines\fP, in which the standard output of each command but
-the last is piped (see \fIpipe\fP(2)) to the standard input of the following
-command.
-The exit status of a pipeline is that of its last command.
-A pipeline may be prefixed by the \fB!\fP reserved word which
-causes the exit status of the pipeline to be logically
-complemented: if the original status was 0 the complemented status will
-be 1, and if the original status was not 0, then the complemented
-status will be 0.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  lists
-.PP
-\fILists\fP of commands can be created by separating pipelines by
-any of the following tokens: \fB&&\fP, \fB||\fP, \fB&\fP, \fB|&\fP and \fB;\fP.
-The first two are for conditional execution: \fIcmd1\fP \fB&&\fP \fIcmd2\fP
-executes \fIcmd2\fP only if the exit status of \fIcmd1\fP is zero;
-\fB||\fP is the opposite \(em \fIcmd2\fP is executed only if the exit status
-of \fIcmd1\fP is non-zero.
-\fB&&\fP and \fB||\fP have equal precedence which is higher than that of
-\fB&\fP, \fB|&\fP and \fB;\fP, which also have equal precedence.
-The \fB&\fP token causes the preceding command to be executed asynchronously,
-that is, the shell starts the command, but does not wait for it to complete
-(the shell does keep track of the status of asynchronous commands \(em see
-Job Control below).
-When an asynchronous command is started when job control is disabled
-(\fIi.e.\fP, in most scripts), the command is started with signals INT
-and QUIT ignored and with input redirected from /dev/null
+.Dq \&( .. \&)
+are used to create subshells.
+.Pp
+Whitespace and meta-characters can be quoted individually using a backslash
+.Pq Sq \e ,
+or in groups using double
+.Pq Sq \&"
+or single
+.Pq Sq \&'
+quotes. Note that the following characters are also treated specially by the
+shell and must be quoted if they are to represent themselves:
+.Dq \e ,
+.Dq \&" ,
+.Dq \&' ,
+.Dq \&# ,
+.Dq \&$ ,
+.Dq \&` ,
+.Dq \&~ ,
+.Dq \&{ ,
+.Dq \&} ,
+.Dq \&* ,
+.Dq \&? ,
+and
+.Dq \&[ .
+The first three of these are the above mentioned quoting characters (see
+.Sx Quoting
+below);
+.Dq \&# ,
+if used at the beginning of a word, introduces a comment -- everything after
+the
+.Dq \&#
+up to the nearest newline is ignored;
+.Dq \&$
+is used to introduce parameter, command and arithmetic substitutions (see
+.Sx Substitution
+below);
+.Dq \&`
+introduces an old-style command substitution (see
+.Sx Substitution
+below);
+.Dq \&~
+begins a directory expansion (see
+.Sx Tilde expansion
+below);
+.Dq \&{
+and
+.Dq \&}
+delimit
+.Xr csh 1
+style alterations (see
+.Sx Brace expansion
+below);
+and, finally,
+.Dq \&* ,
+.Dq \&? ,
+and
+.Dq \&[
+are used in file name generation (see
+.Sx File name patterns
+below).
+.Pp
+As words and tokens are parsed, the shell builds commands, of which there
+are two basic types:
+.Em simple-commands ,
+typically programs that are executed, and
+.Em compound-commands ,
+such as
+.Ic for
+and
+.Ic if
+statements, grouping constructs and function definitions.
+.Pp
+A simple-command consists of some combination of parameter assignments
+(see
+.Sx Parameters
+below),
+input/output redirections (see
+.Sx Input/output redirections
+below),
+and command words; the only restriction is that parameter assignments come
+before any command words. The command words, if any, define the command
+that is to be executed and its arguments. The command may be a shell built-in
+command, a function or an external command (i.e., a separate executable file
+that is located using the
+.Ev PATH
+parameter (see
+.Sx Command execution
+below)).
+Note that all command constructs have an exit status: for external commands,
+this is related to the status returned by
+.Xr wait 2
+(if the command could not be found, the exit status is 127; if it could not
+be executed, the exit status is 126); the exit status of other command
+constructs (built-in commands, functions, compound-commands, pipelines, lists,
+etc.) are all well-defined and are described where the construct is
+described. The exit status of a command consisting only of parameter
+assignments is that of the last command substitution performed during the
+parameter assignment or 0 is there were no command substitutions.
+.Pp
+Commands can be chained together using the
+.Dq \&|
+token to form pipelines, in which the standard output of each command but the
+last is piped (see
+.Xr pipe 2 )
+to the standard input of the following command. The exit status of a pipeline
+is that of its last command. A pipeline may be prefixed by the
+.Dq \&!
+reversed word which causes the exit status of the pipeline to be logically
+complemented: if the original status was 0 the complemented status will be 1;
+if the original status was not 0, the complemented status will be 0.
+.Pp
+.Em Lists
+of commands can be created by separating pipelines by any of the following
+tokens:
+.Dq \&&\&& ,
+.Dq \&|\&| ,
+.Dq \&& ,
+.Dq \&|\&& ,
+and
+.Dq \&; .
+The first two are for conditional execution:
+.Dq Ar cmd1 No && Ar cmd2
+executes
+.Ar cmd2
+only if the exit status of
+.Ar cmd1
+is zero;
+.Dq \&|\&|
+is the opposite --
+.Ar cmd2
+is executed only if the exit status of
+.Ar cmd1
+is non-zero.
+.Dq \&&\&&
+and 
+.Dq \&|\&|
+have equal precedence which is higher that that of
+.Dq \&& ,
+.Dq \&|\&&
+and
+.Dq \&; ,
+which also have equal precedence. The
+.Dq \&&
+token causes the preceding command to be executed asynchronously; that is,
+the shell starts the command but does not wait for it to complete (the shell
+does keep track of the status of asynchronous commands, see
+.Sx Job control
+below). When an asynchronous command is started when job control is disabled
+(i.e., in most scripts), the command is started with signals
+.Dv INT
+and
+.Dv QUIT
+ignored and with input redirected from
+.Pa /dev/null
 (however, redirections specified in the asynchronous command have precedence).
-Note that a command must follow the \fB&&\fP and \fB||\fP operators, while
-a command need not follow \fB&\fP, \fB|&\fP and \fB;\fP.
+Note that a command must follow the
+.Dq \&&\&&
+and
+.Dq \&|\&|
+operators, while it need not follow
+.Dq \&& ,
+.Dq \&|\&&
+or
+.Dq \&; .
 The exit status of a list is that of the last command executed, with the
 exception of asynchronous lists, for which the exit status is 0.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  compound-commands
-.PP
-Compound commands are created using the following reserved words \(em these
-words are only recognized if they are unquoted and if they are used as
-the first word of a command (\fIi.e.\fP, they can't be preceded by parameter
-assignments or redirections):
+.Pp
+Compound commands are created using the following reserved words. These words
+are only recognized if they are unquoted and if they are used as the first
+word of a command (i.e., they can't be preceded by parameter assignments or
+redirections):
+.Pp
 .TS
 center;
 lfB lfB lfB lfB lfB .
-case	else	function	then	!
-do	esac	if	time	[[
-done	fi	in	until	{
-elif	for	select	while	}
+case    else    function        !
+do      esac    if      until   [[
+done    fi      in      while   {
+elif    for     time    then    }
 .TE
-\fBNote:\fP Some shells (but not this one) execute control structure commands
-in a subshell when one or more of their file descriptors are redirected, so
-any environment changes inside them may fail.
-To be portable, the \fBexec\fP statement should be used instead to redirect
-file descriptors before the control structure.
-.PP
+.Pp
+NOTE: Some shells (but not this one) execute control structure commands in a
+subshell when one or more of their file descriptors are redirected, so any
+environment changes inside them may fail. To be portable, the
+.Ic exec
+statement should be used instead to redirect file descriptors before the
+control structure.
+.Pp
 In the following compound command descriptions, command lists (denoted as
-\fIlist\fP) that are followed by reserved words must end with a
-semi-colon, a newline or a (syntactically correct) reserved word.
-For example,
-.RS
-\fB{ echo foo; echo bar; }\fP
-.br
-\fB{ echo foo; echo bar<newline>}\fP
-.br
-\fB{ { echo foo; echo bar; } }\fP
-.RE
+.Em list )
+that are followed by reserved words must end with a semi-colon, a newline or
+a (syntactically correct) reserved word. For example,
+.Pp
+.Bl -inset -indent -compact
+.It Ic { echo foo; echo bar; }
+.It Ic { echo foo; echo bar<newline> }
+.It Ic { { echo foo; echo bar; } }
+.El
+.Pp
 are all valid, but
-.RS
-\fB{ echo foo; echo bar }\fP
-.RE
+.Pp
+.Bl -inset -indent -compact
+.It Ic { echo foo; echo bar }
+.El
+.Pp
 is not.
-.\"{{{  ( list )
-.IP "\fB(\fP \fIlist\fP \fB)\fP"
-Execute \fIlist\fP in a subshell.  There is no implicit way to pass
-environment changes from a subshell back to its parent.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  { list }
-.IP "\fB{\fP \fIlist\fP \fB}\fP"
-Compound construct; \fIlist\fP is executed, but not in a subshell.
-Note that \fB{\fP and \fB}\fP are reserved words, not meta-characters.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  case word in [ [ ( ] pattern [ | pattern ] ... ) list ;; ] ... esac
-.IP "\fBcase\fP \fIword\fP \fBin\fP [ [\fB(\fP] \fIpattern\fP [\fB|\fP \fIpattern\fP] ... \fB)\fP \fIlist\fP \fB;;\fP ] ... \fBesac\fP"
-The \fBcase\fP statement attempts to match \fIword\fP against the specified
-\fIpattern\fPs; the \fIlist\fP associated with the first successfully matched
-pattern is executed.  Patterns used in \fBcase\fP statements are the same as
-those used for file name patterns except that the restrictions regarding
-\fB\&.\fP and \fB/\fP are dropped.  Note that any unquoted space before and
-after a pattern is stripped; any space with a pattern must be quoted.  Both the
-word and the patterns are subject to parameter, command, and arithmetic
-substitution as well as tilde substitution.
-For historical reasons, open and close braces may be used instead
-of \fBin\fP and \fBesac\fP (\fIe.g.\fP, \fBcase $foo { *) echo bar; }\fP).
-The exit status of a \fBcase\fP statement is that of the executed \fIlist\fP;
-if no \fIlist\fP is executed, the exit status is zero.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  for name [ in word ... term ] do list done
-.IP "\fBfor\fP \fIname\fP [ \fBin\fP \fIword\fP ... \fIterm\fP ] \fBdo\fP \fIlist\fP \fBdone\fP"
-where \fIterm\fP is either a newline or a \fB;\fP.
-For each \fIword\fP in the specified word list, the parameter \fIname\fP is
-set to the word and \fIlist\fP is executed.  If \fBin\fP is not used to
-specify a word list, the positional parameters (\fB"$1"\fP, \fB"$2"\fP,
-\fIetc.\fP) are used instead.
-For historical reasons, open and close braces may be used instead
-of \fBdo\fP and \fBdone\fP (\fIe.g.\fP, \fBfor i; { echo $i; }\fP).
-The exit status of a \fBfor\fP statement is the last exit status
-of \fIlist\fP; if \fIlist\fP is never executed, the exit status is zero.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  if list then list [ elif list then list ] ... [ else list ] fi
-.IP "\fBif\fP \fIlist\fP \fBthen\fP \fIlist\fP [\fBelif\fP \fIlist\fP \fBthen\fP \fIlist\fP] ... [\fBelse\fP \fIlist\fP] \fBfi\fP"
-If the exit status of the first \fIlist\fP is zero, the second \fIlist\fP
-is executed; otherwise the \fIlist\fP following the \fBelif\fP, if any, is
-executed with similar consequences.  If all the lists following the \fBif\fP
-and \fBelif\fPs fail (\fIi.e.\fP, exit with non-zero status), the \fIlist\fP
-following the \fBelse\fP is executed.
-The exit status of an \fBif\fP statement is that
-of non-conditional \fIlist\fP that is executed; if no non-conditional
-\fIlist\fP is executed, the exit status is zero.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  select name [ in word ... ] do list done
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  until list do list done
-.IP "\fBuntil\fP \fIlist\fP \fBdo\fP \fIlist\fP \fBdone\fP"
-This works like \fBwhile\fP, except that the body is executed only while the
-exit status of the first \fIlist\fP is non-zero.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  while list do list done
-.IP "\fBwhile\fP \fIlist\fP \fBdo\fP \fIlist\fP \fBdone\fP"
-A \fBwhile\fP is a prechecked loop.  Its body is executed as often
-as the exit status of the first \fIlist\fP is zero.
-The exit status of a \fBwhile\fP statement is the last exit status
-of the \fIlist\fP in the body of the loop; if the body is not executed,
-the exit status is zero.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  function name { list }
-.IP "\fBfunction\fP \fIname\fP \fB{\fP \fIlist\fP \fB}\fP"
-Defines the function \fIname\fP.
-See Functions below.
-Note that redirections specified after a function definition are
-performed whenever the function is executed, not when the function
-definition is executed.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  name () command
-.IP "\fIname\fP \fB()\fP \fIcommand\fP"
-Mostly the same as \fBfunction\fP.
-See Functions below.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  (( expression ))
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  [[ expression ]]
-.\"}}}
-.\"}}}
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  Quoting
-.SS Quoting
+.Bl -tag -width Ds
+.It Ic \&( Ar list Ic \&)
+Execute
+.Ar list
+in a subshell. There is no implicit way to pass environment changes from a
+subshell back to its parent.
+.It Ic \&{ Ar list Ic \&}
+Compound construct;
+.Ar list
+is executed, but not in a subshell. Note that
+.Ic \&{
+and
+.Ic \&}
+are reserved words, not meta-characters.
+.It Xo Ic case Ar word Ic in [
+.Ns [ Ic \&( ] Ar pattern [
+.Ns Ic \&| Ar pattern ] ... Ic \&)
+.Ar list Ic \&;\&;
+.Ns ] Ar ...
+.Ic esac
+.Xc
+The
+.Ic case
+statement attempts to match
+.Ar word
+against the specified
+.Ar pattern Ns s ;
+the
+.Ar list
+associated with the first successfully matched pattern is executed. Patterns
+used in
+.Ic case
+statements are the same as those used for file name patterns except that the
+restrictions regarding
+.Dq \&.
+and
+.Dq \&/
+are dropped. Note that any unquoted space before and after a pattern is
+stripped; any space with a pattern must be quoted. Both the word and the
+patterns are subject to parameter, command and arithmetic substitution as
+well as tilde substitution. For historical reasons, open and close braces
+may be used instead of
+.Ic in
+and
+.Ic esac
+(e.g.,
+.Ic case $foo { *) echo bar; } ) .
+The exit status of a
+.Ic case
+statement is that of the executed
+.Ar list ;
+if no
+.Ar list
+is executed, the exit status is zero.
+.It Xo Ic for Ar name \&[
+.Ic in Ar word Ar ... Ar term \&]
+.Ic do Ar list Ic done
+.Xc
+For each
+.Ar word
+in the specified word list, the parameter
+.Ar name
+is set to the word and
+.Ar list
+is executed. If
+.Ic in
+is not used to specify a word list, the positional parameters ($1, $2, etc.)
+are used instead. For historical reasons, open and clase braces may be used
+instead of
+.Ic do
+and
+.Ic done
+(e.g.,
+.Ic for i\&; { echo $i; } ) .
+The exit status of a
+.Ic for
+statement is the last exit status of
+.Ar list ;
+if
+.Ar list
+is never executed, the exit status is zero.
+.Ar term
+is either a newline or a
+.Dq \&; .
+.It Xo Ic if Ar list Ic then
+.Ar list [ Ic elif Ar list Ic then
+.Ar list ] Ar ... [ Ic else
+.Ar list ] Ic fi
+.Xc
+If the exit status of the first
+.Ar list
+is zero, the second
+.Ar list
+is executed; otherwise the
+.Ar list
+following the
+.Ic elif ,
+if any, is executed with similar consequences. If all the lists following
+the
+.Ic if
+and
+.Ic elif Ns s
+fail (i.e., exit with non-zero status), the
+.Ar list
+following the
+.Ic else
+is executed. The exit status of an
+.Ic if
+statement is that of non-conditional
+.Ar list
+that is executed; if no non-conditional
+.Ar list
+is executed, the exit status is zero.
+.It Xo Ic until Ar list Ic do Ar list
+.Ic done
+.Xc
+This works like
+.Ic while ,
+except that the body is executed only while the exit status of the first
+.Ar list
+is non-zero.
+.It Xo Ic while Ar list Ic do Ar list
+.Ic done
+.Xc
+A
+.Ic while
+is a pre-checked loop. Its body is executed as often as the exit status of
+the first
+.Ar list
+is zero. The exit status of a
+.Ic while
+statement is the last exit status of the
+.Ar list
+in the body of the loop; if the body is not executed, the exit status is zero.
+.It Xo Ic function Ar name Ic \&{
+.Ar list Ic \&}
+.Xc
+Defines the function
+.Ar name
+(see
+.Sx Functions
+below). Note that redirections specified after a function definition are
+performed whenever the function is executed, not when the function definition
+is executed.
+.It Ar name Ic () Ar command
+Mostly the same as
+.Ic function
+(see
+.Sx Functions
+below).
+.El
+.Ss Quoting
 Quoting is used to prevent the shell from treating characters or words
-specially.
-There are three methods of quoting: First, \fB\e\fP quotes
-the following character, unless it is at the end of a line, in which
-case both the \fB\e\fP and the newline are stripped.
-Second, a single quote (\fB'\fP) quotes everything up to the next single
-quote (this may span lines).
-Third, a double quote (\fB"\fP) quotes all characters,
-except \fB$\fP, \fB`\fP and \fB\e\fP, up to the next unquoted double quote.
-\fB$\fP and \fB`\fP inside double quotes have their usual meaning (\fIi.e.\fP,
-parameter, command or arithmetic substitution) except no field splitting
-is carried out on the results of double-quoted substitutions.
-If a \fB\e\fP inside a double-quoted string is followed by \fB\e\fP, \fB$\fP,
-\fB`\fP or \fB"\fP, it is replaced by the second character; if it is
-followed by a newline, both the \fB\e\fP and the newline are stripped;
-otherwise, both the \fB\e\fP and the character following are unchanged.
-.PP
-Note: see POSIX Mode below for a special rule regarding sequences
-of the form \fB"\fP...\fB`\fP...\fB\e"\fP...\fB`\fP..\fB"\fP.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  Aliases
-.SS "Aliases"
-There are two types of aliases: normal command aliases and tracked
-aliases.  Command aliases are normally used as a short hand for a long
-or often used command.  The shell expands command aliases (\fIi.e.\fP,
-substitutes the alias name for its value) when it reads the first word
-of a command.  An expanded alias is re-processed to check for more
-aliases.  If a command alias ends in a space or tab, the following word
-is also checked for alias expansion.  The alias expansion process stops
-when a word that is not an alias is found, when a quoted word is found
-or when an alias word that is currently being expanded is found.
-.PP
+specially. There are three methods of quoting. First,
+.Dq \e
+quotes the following character, unless it is at the end of a line, in which
+case both the
+.Dq \e
+and the newline are stripped. Second, a single quote
+.Pq Sq '
+quotes everything up to the next single quote (this may span lines). Third,
+a double quote
+.Pq Sq \&"
+quotes all characters, except
+.Dq \&$ ,
+.Dq \&`
+and
+.Dq \e ,
+up to the next unquoted double quote.
+.Dq $
+and
+.Dq `
+inside double quotes have their usual meaning (i.e., parameter, command or
+arithmetic substitution) except no field splitting is carried out on the
+results of double-quoted substitutions. If a
+.Dq \e
+inside a double-quoted string is followed by
+.Dq \e ,
+.Dq $ ,
+.Dq ` ,
+or
+.Dq \&" ,
+it is replaced by the second character; if it is followed by a newline, both
+the
+.Dq \e
+and the newline are stripped; otherwise, both the
+.Dq \e
+and the character following are unchanged.
+.Pp
+NOTE: See
+.Sx POSIX mode
+below for a special rule regarding sequences of the form
+.Ic \&"...`...\e\&"...`..\&" .
+.Ss Aliases
+There are two types of aliases: normal command aliases and tracked aliases.
+Command aliases are normally used as a short hand for a long or often used
+command. The shell expands command aliases (i.e., substitutes the alias name
+for its value) when it reads the first word of a command. An expanded alias
+is re-processed to check for more aliases. If a command alias ends in a
+space or tab, the following word is also checked for alias expansion. The
+alias expansion process stops when a word that is not an alias is found, when
+a quoted word is found or when an alias word that is currently being expanded
+is found.
+.Pp
 The following command aliases are defined automatically by the shell:
-.ft B
-.RS
-hash='alias \-t'
-.br
-type='whence \-v'
-.RE
-.ft P
-.PP
+.Pp
+.Bl -item -offset indent -compact
+.It
+.Ic hash='alias -t'
+.It
+.Ic type='whence -v'
+.El
+.Pp
 Tracked aliases allow the shell to remember where it found a particular
-command.  The first time the shell does a path search for a command that
-is marked as a tracked alias, it saves the full path of the command.
-The next time the command is executed, the shell checks the saved path
-to see that it is still valid, and if so, avoids repeating the path
-search.  Tracked aliases can be listed and created using \fBalias
-\-t\fP.  Note that changing the \fBPATH\fP parameter clears the saved
-paths for all tracked aliases.  If the \fBtrackall\fP option is set (\fIi.e.\fP,
-\fBset \-o trackall\fP or \fBset \-h\fP), the shell tracks all
-commands.  This option is set automatically for non-interactive shells.
-For interactive shells, only the following commands are automatically
-tracked: \fBcat\fP, \fBcc\fP, \fBchmod\fP, \fBcp\fP, \fBdate\fP, \fBed\fP,
-\fBemacs\fP, \fBgrep\fP, \fBls\fP, \fBmail\fP, \fBmake\fP, \fBmv\fP,
-\fBpr\fP, \fBrm\fP, \fBsed\fP, \fBsh\fP, \fBvi\fP and \fBwho\fP.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  Substitution
-.SS "Substitution"
-The first step the shell takes in executing a simple-command is to
-perform substitutions on the words of the command.
-There are three kinds of substitution: parameter, command and arithmetic.
-Parameter substitutions, which are described in detail in the next section,
-take the form \fB$name\fP or \fB${\fP...\fB}\fP; command substitutions take
-the form \fB$(\fP\fIcommand\fP\fB)\fP or \fB`\fP\fIcommand\fP\fB`\fP;
-and arithmetic substitutions take the form \fB$((\fP\fIexpression\fP\fB))\fP.
-.PP
+command. The first time the shell does a path search for a command that is
+marked as a tracked alias, it saves the full path of the command. The next
+time the command is executed, the shell checks the saved path to see that it
+is still valid, and if so, avoids repeating the path search. Tracked aliases
+can be listed and created using
+.Ic alias -t .
+Note that changing the
+.Ev PATH
+parameter clears the saved paths for all tracked aliases. If the
+.Ic trackall
+option is set (i.e.,
+.Ic set Fl o Ic trackall
+or
+.Ic set Fl h ) ,
+the shell tracks all commands. This option is set automatically for
+non-interactive shells. For interactive shells, only the following commands are
+automatically tracked:
+.Ic cat , cc , chmod , cp ,
+.Ic date , ed , emacs , grep ,
+.Ic ls , mail , make , mv ,
+.Ic pr , rm , sed , sh ,
+.Ic vi ,
+and
+.Ic who .
+.Ss Substitution
+The first step the shell takes in executing a simple-command is to perform
+substitutions on the words of the command. There are three kinds of
+substitution: parameter, command and arithmetic. Parameter substitutions,
+which are described in detail in the next section, take the form
+.Ic $name
+or
+.Ic ${...} ;
+command substitutions take the form
+.Ic $( Ns Ar command Ns Ic )
+or
+.Ic ` Ns Ar command Ns Ic ` ;
+and arithmetic substitutions take the form
+.Ic $(( Ns Ar expression Ns Ic )) .
+.Pp
 If a substitution appears outside of double quotes, the results of the
 substitution are generally subject to word or field splitting according to
-the current value of the \fBIFS\fP parameter.
-The \fBIFS\fP parameter specifies a list of characters which 
-are used to break a string up into several words;
-any characters from the set space, tab and newline that appear in the
-IFS characters are called \fIIFS white space\fP.
-Sequences of one or more IFS white space characters, in combination with
-zero or one non-IFS white space characters delimit a field.
-As a special case, leading and trailing IFS white space is stripped (\fIi.e.\fP,
-no leading or trailing empty field is created by it); leading or trailing
-non-IFS white space does create an empty field.
-.PP
-Example: if \fBIFS\fP is set to `<space>:', and VAR is set to 
-`<space>A<space>:<space><space>B::D', the substitution for $VAR results
-in four fields: `A', `B', `' and `D'.
-Note that if the \fBIFS\fP parameter is set to the null string, no
-field splitting is done; if the parameter is unset, the default value
-of space, tab and newline is used.
-.PP
-Also, note that the field splitting applies only to immediate result of
-the substitution.  Using the previous example, the substitution for $VAR:E
-results in the fields: `A', `B', `' and `D:E', not `A', `B', `', `D' and `E'.
+the current value of the
+.Ev IFS
+parameter. The
+.Ev IFS
+parameter specifies a list of characters which are used to break a string up
+into several words; any characters from the set space, tab and newline that
+appear in the
+.Ev IFS
+characters are called
+.Dq IFS whitespace .
+Sequences of one or more
+.Ev IFS
+whitespace characters, in combination with zero or none non-IFS whitespace
+characters delimit a field. As a special case, leading and trailing
+.Ev IFS
+whitespace is stripped (i.e., no leading or trailing empty field is created by
+it); leading or trailing non-IFS whitespace does create an empty field.
+.Pp
+Example: If
+.Ev IFS
+is set to
+.Dq <space>: ,
+and VAR is set to
+.Dq <space>A<space>:<space><space>B::D ,
+the substitution for $VAR results in four fields:
+.Dq A ,
+.Dq B ,
+.Dq ,
+and
+.Dq D .
+Note that if the
+.Ev IFS
+parameter is set to the
+.Dv NULL
+string, no field splitting is done; if the parameter is unset, the default
+value of space, tab and newline is used.
+.Pp
+Also, note that the field splitting applies only to the immediate result of
+the substituion. Using the previous example, the substitution for $VAR:E
+results in the fields:
+.Dq A ,
+.Dq B ,
+.Dq ,
+and
+.Dq D:E ,
+not
+.Dq A ,
+.Dq B ,
+.Dq ,
+and
+.Dq E .
 This behavior is POSIX compliant, but incompatible with some other shell
 implementations which do field splitting on the word which contained the
-substitution or use \fBIFS\fP\ as a general whitespace delimiter.
-.PP
-The results of substitution are, unless otherwise specified, also subject
-to brace expansion and file name expansion (see the relevant sections
-below).
-.PP
+substituion or use
+.Dv IFS
+as a general whitespace delimiter.
+.Pp
+The results of substitution are, unless otherwise specified, also subject to
+brace expansion and file name expansion (see the relevant sections below).
+.Pp
 A command substitution is replaced by the output generated by the specified
-command, which is run in a subshell.
-For \fB$(\fP\fIcommand\fP\fB)\fP substitutions, normal quoting rules
-are used when \fIcommand\fP is parsed, however, for the
-\fB`\fP\fIcommand\fP\fB`\fP form, a \fB\e\fP followed by any of
-\fB$\fP, \fB`\fP or \fB\e\fP is stripped (a \fB\e\fP followed by any other
-character is unchanged).
-As a special case in command substitutions, a command of the form
-\fB<\fP \fIfile\fP is interpreted to mean substitute the contents
-of \fIfile\fP ($(< foo) has the same effect as $(cat foo), but it
-is carried out more efficiently because no process is started).
-.br
-.\"todo: fix this( $(..) parenthesis counting).
-NOTE: \fB$(\fP\fIcommand\fP\fB)\fP expressions are currently parsed by
-finding the matching parenthesis, regardless of quoting.  This will hopefully
-be fixed soon.
-.PP
-Arithmetic substitutions are replaced by the value of the specified
-expression.
-For example, the command \fBecho $((2+3*4))\fP prints 14.
-See Arithmetic Expressions for a description of an \fIexpression\fP.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  Parameters
-.SS "Parameters"
-Parameters are shell variables; they can be assigned values and
-their values can be accessed using a parameter substitution.
-A parameter name is either one of the special single punctuation or digit
-character parameters described below, or a letter followed by zero or more
-letters or digits (`_' counts as a letter).
-Parameter substitutions take the form \fB$\fP\fIname\fP or
-\fB${\fP\fIname\fP\fB}\fP, where \fIname\fP is a parameter name.
-If substitution is performed on a parameter that is not set, a null
-string is substituted unless the \fBnounset\fP option (\fBset \-o nounset\fP
-or \fBset \-u\fP) is set, in which case an error occurs.
-.PP
-.\"{{{  parameter assignment
-Parameters can be assigned values in a number of ways.
-First, the shell implicitly sets some parameters like \fB#\fP, \fBPWD\fP,
-etc.; this is the only way the special single character parameters are
-set.
-Second, parameters are imported from the shell's environment at startup.
-Third, parameters can be assigned values on the command line, for example,
-`\fBFOO=bar\fP' sets the parameter FOO to bar; multiple parameter
-assignments can be given on a single command line and they can
-be followed by a simple-command, in which case the assignments are
-in effect only for the duration of the command (such assignments are
-also exported, see below for implications of this).
-Note that both the parameter name and the \fB=\fP must be unquoted for
-the shell to recognize a parameter assignment.
-The fourth way of setting a parameter is with the \fBexport\fP, \fBreadonly\fP
-and \fBtypeset\fP commands; see their descriptions in the Command Execution
-section.
-Fifth, \fBfor\fP and \fBselect\fP loops set parameters as well as
-the \fBgetopts\fP, \fBread\fP and \fBset \-A\fP commands.
-Lastly, parameters can be assigned values using assignment operators
-inside arithmetic expressions (see Arithmetic Expressions below) or
-using the \fB${\fP\fIname\fP\fB=\fP\fIvalue\fP\fB}\fP form
-of parameter substitution (see below).
-.\"}}}
-.PP
-.\"{{{  environment
-Parameters with the export attribute (set using the \fBexport\fP or
-\fBtypeset \-x\fP commands, or by parameter assignments followed by simple
-commands) are put in the environment (see \fIenviron\fP(5)) of commands
-run by the shell as \fIname\fP\fB=\fP\fIvalue\fP pairs.
-The order in which parameters appear in the environment of a command
-is unspecified.
-When the shell starts up, it extracts parameters and their values from its
-environment and automatically sets the export attribute for those parameters.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  ${name[:][-+=?]word}
-.PP
-Modifiers can be applied to the \fB${\fP\fIname\fP\fB}\fP form of parameter
-substitution:
-.IP \fB${\fP\fIname\fP\fB:-\fP\fIword\fP\fB}\fP
-if \fIname\fP is set and not null, it is substituted, otherwise \fIword\fP is
-substituted.
-.IP \fB${\fP\fIname\fP\fB:+\fP\fIword\fP\fB}\fP
-if \fIname\fP is set and not null, \fIword\fP is substituted, otherwise nothing is substituted.
-.IP \fB${\fP\fIname\fP\fB:=\fP\fIword\fP\fB}\fP
-if \fIname\fP is set and not null, it is substituted, otherwise it is
-assigned \fIword\fP and the resulting value of \fIname\fP is substituted.
-.IP \fB${\fP\fIname\fP\fB:?\fP\fIword\fP\fB}\fP
-if \fIname\fP is set and not null, it is substituted, otherwise \fIword\fP
-is printed on standard error (preceded by \fIname\fP:) and an error occurs
-(normally causing termination of a shell script, function or \&.-script).
-If word is omitted the string `parameter null or not set' is used instead.
-.PP
-In the above modifiers, the \fB:\fP can be omitted, in which case the
-conditions only depend on \fIname\fP being set (as opposed to set and
-not null).
-If \fIword\fP is needed, parameter, command, arithmetic and tilde substitution
-are performed on it; if \fIword\fP is not needed, it is not evaluated.
-.\"}}}
-.PP
+command, which is run in a subshell. For
+.Ic $( Ns Ar command Ns Ic )
+substitutions, normal quoting rules are used when
+.Ar command
+is parsed, however, for the
+.Ic ` Ns Ar command Ns Ic `
+form, a
+.Dq \e
+followed by any of
+.Dq $ ,
+.Dq ` ,
+or
+.Dq \e
+is stripped (a
+.Dq \e
+followed by any other character is unchanged). As a special case in command
+substitutions, a command of the form
+.Ic \&< Ar file
+is interpreted to mean substitute the contents of
+.Ar file
+(note that
+.Ic $(< foo)
+has the same effect as
+.Ic $(cat foo) ,
+but it is carried out more efficiently because no process is started).
+.Pp
+NOTE:
+.Ic $( Ns Ar command Ns Ic \&)
+expressions are currently parsed by finding the matching parenthesis,
+regardless of quoting. This will hopefully be fixed soon.
+.Pp
+Arithmetic substitutions are replaced by the value of the specified expression.
+For example, the command
+.Ic echo $((2+3*4))
+prints 14. See
+.Sx Arithmetic expressions
+for a description of an expression.
+.Ss Parameters
+Parameters are shell variables; they can be assigned values and their values
+can be accessed using a parameter substitution. A parameter name is either one
+of the special single punctuation or digit character parameters described
+below, or a letter followed by zero or more letters or digits
+.Po
+.Dq _
+counts as a letter
+.Pc .
+Parameter substitutions take the form
+.Ic $ Ns Ar name
+or
+.Ic ${ Ns Ar name Ns Ic \&} ,
+where
+.Ar name
+is a parameter name. If substitution is performed on a parameter that is not
+set, a
+.Dv NULL
+string is substituted unless the
+.Ic nounset
+option
+.Po
+.Ic set Fl o Ic nounset
+or
+.Ic set Fl u
+.Pc
+is set, in which case an error occurs.
+.Pp
+Parameters can be assigned valued in a number of ways. First, the shell
+implicitly sets some parameters like
+.Ic # , PWD ,
+etc.; this is the only way the special single character parameters are set.
+Second, parameters are imported from the shell's environment at startup. Third,
+parameters can be assigned values on the command line, for example,
+.Ic FOO=bar
+sets the parameter
+.Ev FOO
+to
+.Dq bar ;
+multiple parameter assignments can be given on a single command line and they
+can be followed by a simple-command, in which case the assignments are in
+effect only for the duration of the command (such assignments are also
+exported, see below for implications of this). Note that both the parameter
+name and the
+.Dq =
+must be unquoted for the shell to recognize a parameter assignment. The fourth
+way of setting a parameter is with the
+.Ic export ,
+.Ic readonly
+and
+.Ic typeset
+commands; see their descriptions in the
+.Sx Command execution
+section. Fifth,
+.Ic for
+loops set parameters as well as the
+.Ic getopts ,
+.Ic read
+and
+.Ic set Fl A
+commands. Lastly, parameters can be assigned values using assignment operators
+inside arithmetic expressions (see
+.Sx Arithmetic expressions
+below) or using the
+.Xo Ic ${ Ns Ar name Ns No =
+.Ns Ar value Ns Ic \&}
+.Xc
+form of the parameter substitution (see below).
+.Pp
+Parameters with the export attribute (set using the
+.Ic export
+or
+.Ic typeset Fl x
+commands, or by parameter assignments followed by simple commands) are put in
+the environment (see
+.Xr environ 5 )
+of commands run by the shell as
+.Ar name Ns No = Ns Ar value
+pairs. The order in which parameters appear in the environment of a command is
+unspecified. When the shell starts up, it extracts parameters and their values
+from its environment and automatically sets the export attribute for those
+parameters.
+.Pp
+Modifiers can be applied to the
+.Ic ${ Ns Ar name Ns Ic \&}
+form of parameter substitution:
+.Bl -tag -width Ds
+.It Xo Ic ${ Ns Ar name Ns
+.Ic \&:\&- Ns Ar word Ns Ic \&}
+.Xc
+If
+.Ar name
+is set and not
+.Dv NULL ,
+it is substituted, otherwise
+.Ar word
+is substituted.
+.It Xo Ic ${ Ns Ar name Ns
+.Ic \&:\&+ Ns Ar word Ns Ic \&}
+.Xc
+If
+.Ar name
+is set and not
+.Dv NULL ,
+.Ar word
+is substituted, otherwise nothing is substituted.
+.It Xo Ic ${ Ns Ar name Ns
+.Ic \&:\&= Ns Ar word Ns Ic \&}
+.Xc
+If
+.Ar name
+is set and not
+.Dv NULL ,
+it is substituted, otherwise it is assigned
+.Ar word
+and the resulting value of
+.Ar name
+is substituted.
+.It Xo Ic ${ Ns Ar name Ns
+.Ic \&:\&? Ns Ar word Ns Ic \&}
+.Xc
+If
+.Ar name
+is set and not
+.Dv NULL ,
+it is substituted, otherwise
+.Ar word
+is printed on standard error (preceded by
+.Ar name Ns No \&: )
+and an error occurs (normally causing termination of a shell script, function
+or .-script). If word is omitted the string
+.Dq parameter null or not set
+is used instead.
+.El
+.Pp
+In the above modifiers, the
+.Dq \&:
+can be omitted, in which case the conditions only depand on
+.Ar name
+being set (as opposed to set and not
+.Dv NULL ) .
+If
+.Ar word
+is needed, parameter, command, arithmetic, and tilde substitution are performed
+on it; if
+.Ar word
+is not needed, it is not evaluated.
+.Pp
 The following forms of parameter substitution can also be used:
-.\"{{{  ${#name}
-.IP \fB${#\fP\fIname\fP\fB}\fP
-The number of positional parameters if \fIname\fP is \fB*\fP, \fB@\fP or
-is not specified,
-or the length of the string value of parameter \fIname\fP.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  ${#name[*]}, ${#name[@]}
-.IP "\fB${#\fP\fIname\fP\fB[*]}\fP, \fB${#\fP\fIname\fP\fB[@]}\fP"
-The number of elements in the array \fIname\fP.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  ${name#pattern}, ${name##pattern}
-.IP "\fB${\fP\fIname\fP\fB#\fP\fIpattern\fP\fB}\fP, \fB${\fP\fIname\fP\fB##\fP\fIpattern\fP\fB}\fP"
-If \fIpattern\fP matches the beginning of the value of parameter \fIname\fP,
-the matched text is deleted from the result of substitution.  A single
-\fB#\fP results in the shortest match, two \fB#\fP's results in the
-longest match.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  ${name%pattern}, ${name%%pattern}
-.IP "\fB${\fP\fIname\fP\fB%\fP\fIpattern\fP\fB}\fP, \fB${\fP\fIname\fP\fB%%\fP\fIpattern\fP\fB}\fP"
-Like \fB${\fP..\fB#\fP..\fB}\fP substitution, but it deletes from the end of the
-value.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  special shell parameters
-.PP
+.Bl -tag -width Ds
+.It Ic ${# Ns Ar name Ns Ic \&}
+The number of positional parameters if
+.Ar name
+is
+.Dq \&* ,
+.Dq \&@ ,
+not specified, or the length of the string value of parameter
+.Ar name .
+.It Xo Ic ${# Ns Ar name Ns
+.Ic \&[\&*\&]\&} , ${# Ns Ar name Ns Ic \&[\&@\&]\&}
+.Xc
+The number of elements in the array
+.Ar name .
+.Sm off
+.It Xo
+.Ic ${ Ar name Ic \&# Ar pattern Ic \&},\ \&
+.Ic ${ Ar name Ic \&#\&# Ar pattern Ic \&}
+.Xc
+.Sm on
+If
+.Ar pattern
+matches the beginning of the value of parameter
+.Ar name ,
+the matched text is deleted from the result of substitution. A single
+.Dq \&#
+results in the shortest match, two
+of them results in the longest match.
+.Sm off
+.It Xo
+.Ic ${ Ar name Ic \&% Ar pattern Ic \&},\ \&
+.Ic ${ Ar name Ic \&%\&% Ar pattern Ic \&}
+.Xc
+.Sm on
+Like
+.Ic ${..#..}
+substitution, but it deletes from the end of the value.
+.El
+.Pp
 The following special parameters are implicitly set by the shell and cannot be
 set directly using assignments:
-.\"{{{  !
-.IP \fB!\fP
-Process id of the last background process started.  If no background
-processes have been started, the parameter is not set.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  #
-.IP \fB#\fP
-The number of positional parameters (\fIi.e.\fP, \fB$1\fP, \fB$2\fP,
-\fIetc.\fP).
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  $
-.IP \fB$\fP
-The process ID of the shell, or the PID of the original shell if
-it is a subshell.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  -
-.IP \fB\-\fP
-The concatenation of the current single letter options
-(see \fBset\fP command below for list of options).
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  ?
-.IP \fB?\fP
-The exit status of the last non-asynchronous command executed.
-If the last command was killed by a signal, \fB$?\fP is set to 128 plus
-the signal number.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  0
-.IP "\fB0\fP"
-The name the shell was invoked with (\fIi.e.\fP, \fBargv[0]\fP), or the
-\fBcommand-name\fP if it was invoked with the \fB\-c\fP option and the
-\fBcommand-name\fP was supplied, or the \fIfile\fP argument, if it was
-supplied.
-If the \fBposix\fP option is not set, \fB$0\fP is the name of the current
-function or script.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  1-9
-.IP "\fB1\fP ... \fB9\fP"
-The first nine positional parameters that were supplied to the shell,
-function or \fB.\fP-script.
-Further positional parameters may be accessed using
-\fB${\fP\fInumber\fP\fB}\fP.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  *
-.IP \fB*\fP
-All positional parameters (except parameter 0), 
-\fIi.e.\fP, \fB$1 $2 $3\fP....
-If used outside of double quotes, parameters are separate words
-(which are subjected to word splitting); if used within double quotes,
-parameters are separated by the first character of the \fBIFS\fP parameter
-(or the empty string if \fBIFS\fP is null).
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  @
-.IP \fB@\fP
-Same as \fB$*\fP, unless it is used inside double quotes, in which case
-a separate word is generated for each positional parameter \- if there
-are no positional parameters, no word is generated ("$@" can be used
-to access arguments, verbatim, without loosing null arguments or
-splitting arguments with spaces).
-.\"}}}
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  general shell parameters
-.PP
+.Bl -tag -width "1 ... 9"
+.It Ev \&!
+Process ID of the last background process started. If no background processes
+have been started, the parameter is not set.
+.It Ev \&#
+The number of positional parameters (i.e., $1, $2, etc.).
+.It Ev \&$
+The process ID of the shell, or the PID of the original shell if it is a
+subshell.
+.It Ev \&-
+The concatenation of the current single letter options (see
+.Ic set
+command below for list of options).
+.It Ev \&?
+The exit status of the last non-asynchronous command executed. If the last
+command was killed by a signal,
+.Ic \&$\&?
+is set to 128 plus the signal number.
+.It Ev 0
+The name the shell was invoked with (i.e.,
+.Ic argv[0] ) ,
+or the
+.Ar command-name
+if it was invoked with the
+.Fl c
+option and the
+.Ar command-name
+was supplied, or the
+.Ar file
+argument, if it was supplied. If the
+.Ic posix
+option is not set,
+.Ic \&$0
+is the name of the current function or script.
+.It Ev 1 ... Ev 9
+The first nine positional parameters that were supplied to the shell, function
+or .-script. Further positional parameters may be accessed using
+.Ic ${ Ns Ar number Ns Ic \&} .
+.It Ev \&*
+All positional parameters (except parameter 0), i.e., $1, $2, $3... If used
+outside of double quotes, parameters are separate words (which are subjected
+to word splitting); if used within double quotes, parameters are separated
+by the first character of the
+.Ev IFS
+parameter (or the empty string if
+.Ev IFS
+is
+.Dv NULL ) .
+.It Ev \&@
+Same as
+.Ic \&$\&* ,
+unless it is used inside double quotes, in which case a separate word is
+generated for each positional parameter. If there are no positional parameters,
+no word is generated.
+.Ic \&$\&@
+can be used to access arguments, verbatim, without losing
+.Dv NULL
+arguments or splitting arguments with spaces.
+.El
+.Pp
 The following parameters are set and/or used by the shell:
-.\"{{{  CDPATH
-.IP \fBCDPATH\fP
-Search path for the \fBcd\fP built-in command.  Works the same way as
-\fBPATH\fP for those directories not beginning with \fB/\fP in \fBcd\fP
-commands.
-Note that if CDPATH is set and does not contain \fB.\fP nor an empty path,
-the current directory is not searched.  Also, the \fBcd\fP built-in command
-will display the resulting directory when a match is found in any search path
-other than the than the empty path.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  COLUMNS
-.IP \fBCOLUMNS\fP
-Set to the number of columns on the terminal or window.
-Currently set to the \fBcols\fP value as reported by \fIstty\fP(1) if that
-value is non-zero.
-This parameter is used by the interactive line editing modes, and by
-\fBselect\fP, \fBset \-o\fP and \fBkill \-l\fP commands
-to format information in columns.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  EDITOR
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  ENV
-.IP \fBENV\fP
-If this parameter is found to be set after any profile files are
-executed, the expanded value is used as a shell start-up file.  It
-typically contains function and alias definitions.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  ERRNO
-.IP \fBERRNO\fP
-Integer value of the shell's errno variable \(em indicates the reason
-the last system call failed.
-.\" todo: ERRNO variable
-.sp
-Not implemented yet.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  EXECSHELL
-.IP \fBEXECSHELL\fP
-If set, this parameter is assumed to contain the shell that is to be
-used to execute commands that \fIexecve\fP(2) fails to execute and
-which do not start with a `\fB#!\fP \fIshell\fP' sequence.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  FCEDIT
-.IP \fBFCEDIT\fP
-The editor used by the \fBfc\fP command (see below).
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  FPATH
-.IP \fBFPATH\fP
-Like \fBPATH\fP, but used when an undefined function is executed to locate
-the file defining the function.
-It is also searched when a command can't be found using \fBPATH\fP.
-See Functions below for more information.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  HISTFILE
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  HISTSIZE
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  HOME
-.IP \fBHOME\fP
-The default directory for the \fBcd\fP command and the value
-substituted for an unqualified \fB~\fP (see Tilde Expansion below).
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  IFS
-.IP \fBIFS\fP
-Internal field separator, used during substitution and by the \fBread\fP
-command, to split values into distinct arguments; normally set to
-space, tab and newline.  See Substitution above for details.
-.br
-\fBNote:\fP this parameter is not imported from the environment
-when the shell is started.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  KSH_VERSION
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  SH_VERSION
-.IP \fBSH_VERSION\fP
-The version of shell and the date the version was created (readonly).
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  LINENO
-.IP \fBLINENO\fP
+.Bl -tag -width "EXECSHELL"
+.It Ev CDPATH
+Search path for the
+.Ic cd
+built-in command. Works the same way as
+.Ev PATH
+for those directories not beginning with
+.Dq \&/
+in
+.Ic cd
+commands. Note that if
+.Ev CDPATH
+is set and does not contain
+.Dq \&.
+or contains an empty path, the current directory is not searched. Also, the
+.Ic cd
+built-in command will display the resulting directory when a match is found
+in any search path other than the empty path.
+.It Ev COLUMNS
+Set to the number of columns on the terminal or window. Currently set to the
+.Dq cols
+value as reported by
+.Xr stty 1
+if that value is non-zero. This parameter is used by
+.Ic set Fl o
+and
+.Ic kill -l
+commands to format information columns.
+.It Ev ENV
+If this parameter is found to be set after any profile files are executed, the
+expanded value is used as a shell startup file. It typically contains function
+and alias definitions.
+.It Ev ERRNO
+Integer value of the shell's
+.Va errno
+variable. It indicates the reason the last system call failed. Not yet
+implemented.
+.It Ev EXECSHELL
+If set, this parameter is assumed to contain the shell that is to be used to
+execute commands that
+.Fn execve 2
+fails to execute and which do not start with a
+.Dq \&#\&! Ns Ar shell
+sequence.
+.It Ev FCEDIT
+The editor used by the
+.Ic fc
+command (see below).
+.It Ev FPATH
+Like
+.Ev PATH ,
+but used when an undefined function is executed to locate the file defining the
+function. It is also searched when a command can't be found using
+.Ev PATH .
+See
+.Sx Functions
+below for more information.
+.It Ev HOME
+The default directory for the
+.Ic cd
+command and the value substituted for an unqualified
+.Ic ~
+(see
+.Sx Tilde expansion
+below).
+.It Ev IFS
+Internal field separator, used during substitution and by the
+.Ic read
+command, to split values into distinct arguments; normally set to space, tab
+and newline. See
+.Sx Substitution
+above for details.
+.Pp
+NOTE: This parameter is not imported from the environment when the shell is
+started.
+.It Ev SH_VERSION
+The version of shell and the date the version was created (read-only).
+.It Ev LINENO
 The line number of the function or shell script that is currently being
-executed.
-.\" todo: LINENO variable
-.sp
-Not implemented yet.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  LINES
-.IP \fBLINES\fP
-Set to the number of lines on the terminal or window.
-.\"Currently set to the \fBrows\fP value as reported by \fIstty\fP(1) if that
-.\"value is non-zero.
-.\" todo: LINES variable
-.sp
-Not implemented yet.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  MAIL
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  MAILCHECK
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  MAILPATH
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  OLDPWD
-.IP \fBOLDPWD\fP
-The previous working directory.
-Unset if \fBcd\fP has not successfully changed directories since the
-shell started, or if the shell doesn't know where it is.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  OPTARG
-.IP \fBOPTARG\fP
-When using \fBgetopts\fP, it contains the argument for a parsed option,
-if it requires one.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  OPTIND
-.IP \fBOPTIND\fP
-The index of the last argument processed when using \fBgetopts\fP.
-Assigning 1 to this parameter causes \fBgetopts\fP to
-process arguments from the beginning the next time it is invoked.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  PATH
-.IP \fBPATH\fP
-A colon separated list of directories that are searched when looking
-for commands and \fB.\fP'd files.
-An empty string resulting from a leading or trailing colon, or two adjacent
-colons is treated as a `.', the current directory.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  POSIXLY_CORRECT
-.IP \fBPOSIXLY_CORRECT\fP
-If set, this parameter causes the \fBposix\fP option to be enabled.
-See POSIX Mode below.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  PPID
-.IP \fBPPID\fP
-The process ID of the shell's parent (readonly).
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  PS1
-.IP \fBPS1\fP
-\fBPS1\fP is the primary prompt for interactive shells.
-The prompt is printed verbatim (\fIi.e.\fP, no substitutions are done).
-Default is `\fB$\ \fP' for non-root users, `\fB#\ \fP' for root..
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  PS2
-.IP \fBPS2\fP
-Secondary prompt string, by default `\fB>\fP ', used when more input is
-needed to complete a command.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  PS3
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  PS4
-.IP \fBPS4\fP
-Used to prefix commands that are printed during execution tracing
-(see \fBset \-x\fP command below).
-The prompt is printed verbatim (\fIi.e.\fP, no substitutions are done).
-Default is `\fB+\ \fP'.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  PWD
-.IP \fBPWD\fP
-The current working directory.  Maybe unset or null if shell doesn't
-know where it is.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  RANDOM
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  REPLY
-.IP \fBREPLY\fP
-Default parameter for the \fBread\fP command if no names are given.
-Also used in \fBselect\fP loops to store the value that is read from
-standard input.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  SECONDS
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  TMOUT
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  TMPDIR
-.IP \fBTMPDIR\fP
-The directory shell temporary files are created in.  If this parameter
-is not set, or does not contain the absolute path of a writable
-directory, temporary files are created in \fB/tmp\fP.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  VISUAL
-.\"}}}
-.\"}}}
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  Tilde Expansion
-.SS "Tilde Expansion"
-Tilde expansion, which is done in parallel with parameter substitution,
-is done on words starting with an unquoted \fB~\fP.  The characters
-following the tilde, up to the first \fB/\fP, if any, are assumed to be
-a login name.  If the login name is empty, \fB+\fP or \fB\-\fP, the
-value of the \fBHOME\fP, \fBPWD\fP, or \fBOLDPWD\fP parameter is
-substituted, respectively.  Otherwise, the password file is searched for
-the login name, and the tilde expression is substituted with the
-user's home directory.  If the login name is not found in the password
-file or if any quoting or parameter substitution occurs in the login name,
-no substitution is performed.
-.PP
-In parameter assignments (those preceding a simple-command or those
-occurring in the arguments of \fBalias\fP, \fBexport\fP, \fBreadonly\fP,
-and \fBtypeset\fP), tilde expansion is done after any unquoted colon
-(\fB:\fP), and login names are also delimited by colons.
-.PP
-The home directory of previously expanded login names are cached and
-re-used.  The \fBalias \-d\fP command may be used to list, change and
-add to this cache (\fIe.g.\fP, `alias \-d fac=/usr/local/facilities; cd
-~fac/bin').
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  Brace Expansion
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  File Name Patterns
-.SS "File Name Patterns"
-.PP
-A file name pattern is a word containing one or more unquoted \fB?\fP or
-\fB*\fP characters or \fB[\fP..\fB]\fP sequences.  Once brace expansion has
-been performed, the shell replaces file name patterns with the sorted names
-of all the files that match the pattern (if no files match, the word is
-left unchanged).  The pattern elements have the following meaning:
-.IP \fB?\fP
-matches any single character.
-.IP \fB*\fP
-matches any sequence of characters.
-.IP \fB[\fP..\fB]\fP
-matches any of the characters inside the brackets.  Ranges of characters
-can be specified by separating two characters by a \fB\-\fP, \fIe.g.\fP,
-\fB[a0\-9]\fP matches the letter \fBa\fP or any digit.
-In order to represent itself, a
-\fB\-\fP must either be quoted or the first or last character in the character
-list.  Similarly, a \fB]\fP must be quoted or the first character in the list
-if it is represent itself instead of the end of the list.  Also, a \fB!\fP
+executed. Not yet implemented.
+.It Ev LINES
+Set to the number of lines on the terminal or window. Not yet implemented.
+.It Ev OLDPWD
+The previous working directory. Unset if
+.Ic cd
+has not successfully changed directories since the shell started, or if the
+shell doesn't know where it is.
+.It Ev OPTARG
+When using
+.Ic getopts ,
+it contains the argument for a parsed option, if it requires one.
+.It Ev OPTIND
+The index of the last argument processed when using
+.Ic getopts .
+Assigning 1 to this parameter causes
+.Ic getopts
+to process arguments from the beginning the next time it is invoked.
+.It Ev PATH
+A colon separated list of directories that are searched when looking for
+commands and .'d files. An empty string resulting from a leading or trailing
+colon, or two adjacent colons, is treated as a
+.Dq \&. ,
+the current directory.
+.It Ev POSIXLY_CORRECT
+If set, this parameter causes the
+.Ic posix
+option to be enabled. See
+.Sx POSIX mode
+below.
+.It Ev PPID
+The process ID of the shell's parent (read-only).
+.It Ev PS1
+The prompt is printed verbatim (i.e., no substituions are done).
+Default is
+.Dq \&$\ \&
+for non-root users,
+.Dq \&#\ \&
+for root.
+.It Ev PS2
+Secondary prompt string, by default
+.Dq \&>\ \& ,
+used when more input is needed to complete a command.
+.It Ev PS4
+Used to prefix commands that are printed during execution tracing (see
+.Ic set Fl x
+command below). The prompt is printed verbatim (i.e., no substitutions are
+done). Default is
+.Dq \&+\ \& .
+.It Ev PWD
+The current working directory. May be unset or
+.Dv NULL
+if the shell doesn't know where it is.
+.It Ev REPLY
+Default parameter for the
+.Ic read
+command if no names are given.
+.It Ev TMPDIR
+The directory shell temporary files are created in. If this parameter is not
+set, or does not contain the absolute path of a writable directory, temporary
+files are created in
+.Pa /tmp .
+.El
+.Ss Tilde expansion
+Tilde expansion, which is done in parallel with parameter substitution, is done
+on words starting with an unquoted
+.Dq ~ .
+The characters following the tilde, up to the first
+.Dq / ,
+if any, are assumed to be a login name. If the login name is empty,
+.Dq \&+
+or
+.Dq \&- ,
+the value of the
+.Ev HOME , PWD
+or
+.Ev OLDPWD
+parameter is substituted, respectively. Otherwise, the password file is
+searched for the login name, and the tilde expression is substituted with the
+user's home directory. If the login name is not found in the password file or
+if any quoting or parameter substitution occurs in the login name, no
+substitution is performed.
+.Pp
+In parameter assignments (those preceding a simple-command or those occurring
+in the arguments of
+.Ic alias ,
+.Ic export ,
+.Ic readonly ,
+and
+.Ic typeset ) ,
+tilde expansion is done after any unquoted colon
+.Pq Sq \&: ,
+and login names are also delimited by colons.
+.Pp
+The home directory of previously expanded login names are cached and re-used.
+The
+.Ic alias -d
+command may be used to list, change and add to this cache (e.g.,
+.Ic alias -d fac=/usr/local/facilities; cd ~fac/bin ) .
+.Ss File name patterns
+A file name pattern is a word containing one or more unquoted
+.Dq \&?
+or
+.Dq \&*
+characters or
+.Dq [..]
+sequences. Once brace expansion has been performed, the shell replaces file
+name patterns with the sorted named of all the files that match the pattern
+(if no files match, the word is left unchanged). The pattern elements have the
+following meaning:
+.Bl -tag -width Ds
+.It Ic \&?
+Matches any single character.
+.It Ic \&*
+Matches any sequence of characters.
+.It Ic \&[ Ns No .. Ns Ic \&]
+Matches any of the characters inside the brackets. Ranges of characters can be
+specified by separating two characters by a
+.Dq \&-
+(e.g.,
+.Dq [a0-9]
+matches the letter
+.Dq a
+or any digit). In order to represent itself, a
+.Dq \&-
+must either be quoted or the first or last character in the character list.
+Similarly, a
+.Dq \&]
+must be quoted or the first character in the list if it is to represent itself
+instead of the end of the list. Also, a
+.Dq \&!
 appearing at the start of the list has special meaning (see below), so to
 represent itself it must be quoted or appear later in the list.
-.IP \fB[!\fP..\fB]\fP
-like \fB[\fP..\fB]\fP, except it matches any character not inside the brackets.
-.PP
-Note that pdksh currently never matches \fB.\fP and \fB..\fP, but the original
-ksh, Bourne sh and bash do, so this may have to change (too bad).
-.PP
-Note that none of the above pattern elements match either a period (\fB.\fP)
-at the start of a file name or a slash (\fB/\fP), even if they are explicitly
-used in a \fB[\fP..\fB]\fP sequence; also, the names \fB.\fP and \fB..\fP
-are never matched, even by the pattern \fB.*\fP.
-.PP
-If the \fBmarkdirs\fP option is set, any directories that result from
-file name generation are marked with a trailing \fB/\fP.
-.PP
-.\" todo: implement this ([[:alpha:]], \fIetc.\fP)
-The POSIX character classes (\fIi.e.\fP,
-\fB[:\fP\fIclass-name\fP\fB:]\fP inside a \fB[\fP..\fB]\fP expression)
-are not yet implemented.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  Input/Output Redirection
-.SS "Input/Output Redirection"
-When a command is executed, its standard input, standard output and
-standard error (file descriptors 0, 1 and 2, respectively) are normally
-inherited from the shell.
-Three exceptions to this are commands in pipelines, for which standard input
-and/or standard output are those set up by the pipeline, asynchronous commands
-created when job control is disabled, for which standard input is initially
-set to be from \fB/dev/null\fP, and commands for which any of the following
-redirections have been specified:
-.IP "\fB>\fP \fIfile\fP"
-standard output is redirected to \fIfile\fP.  If \fIfile\fP does not exist,
-it is created; if it does exist, is a regular file and the \fBnoclobber\fP
-option is set, an error occurs, otherwise the file is truncated.
-Note that this means the command \fIcmd < foo > foo\fP will open
-\fIfoo\fP for reading and then truncate it when it opens it for writing,
-before \fIcmd\fP gets a chance to actually read \fIfoo\fP.
-.IP "\fB>|\fP \fIfile\fP"
-same as \fB>\fP, except the file is truncated, even if the \fBnoclobber\fP
+.It Ic \&[\&! Ns No .. Ns Ic \&]
+Like
+.Ic \&[ Ns No .. Ns Ic \&] ,
+except it matches any character not inside the brackets.
+.El
+.Pp
+Note that
+.Nm pdksh
+currently never matches
+.Dq \&.
+and
+.Dq \&.\&. ,
+but the original
+.Xr ksh ,
+Bourne
+.Xr sh
+and
+.Xr bash
+do, so this may have to change (too bad).
+.Pp
+Note that none of the above pattern elements match either a period
+.Pq Sq \&.
+at the start of a file name or a slash
+.Pq Sq / ,
+even if they are explicitly used in a
+.Ic \&[ Ns No .. Ns Ic \&]
+sequence; also, the names
+.Dq \&.
+and
+.Dq \&.\&.
+are never matched, even by the pattern
+.Dq \&.\&* .
+.Pp
+If the
+.Ic markdirs
+option is set, any directories that result from file name generation are marked
+with a trailing
+.Dq / .
+.Pp
+The POSIX character classes (i.e.,
+.Ic \&[\&: Ns Ar class-name Ns Ic \&:\&]
+inside a
+.Ic \&[ Ns No .. Ns Ic \&]
+expression) are not yet implemented.
+.Ss Input/output redirection
+When a command is executed, its standard input, standard output and standard
+error (file descriptors 0, 1 and 2, respectively) are normally inherited from
+the shell. Three exceptions to this are commands in pipelines, for which
+standard input and/or standard output are those set up by the pipeline,
+asynchronous commands created when job control is disabled, for which standard
+input is initially set to be from
+.Pa /dev/null ,
+and commands for which any of the following redirections have been specified:
+.Bl -tag -width Ds
+.It Ic \&> Ar file
+Standard output is redirected to
+.Ar file .
+If
+.Ar file
+does not exist, it is created; if it does exist, is a regular file and the
+.Ic noclobber
+option is set, an error occurs, otherwise the file is truncated. Note that this
+means the command
+.Ic cmd < foo > foo
+will open
+.Ar foo
+for reading and then truncate it when it opens it for writing, before
+.Ar cmd
+gets a chance to actually read
+.Ar foo .
+.It Ic \&>\&| Ar file
+Same as
+.Ic \&> ,
+except the file is truncated, even if the
+.Ic noclobber
 option is set.
-.IP "\fB>>\fP \fIfile\fP"
-same as \fB>\fP, except the file an existing file is appended to instead
-of being truncated.  Also, the file is opened in append mode, so writes
-always go to the end of the file (see \fIopen\fP(2)).
-.IP "\fB<\fP \fIfile\fP"
-standard input is redirected from \fIfile\fP, which is opened for reading.
-.IP "\fB<>\fP \fIfile\fP"
-same as \fB<\fP, except the file is opened for reading and writing.
-.IP "\fB<<\fP \fImarker\fP"
-after reading the command line containing this kind of redirection (called a
-here document), the shell copies lines from the command source into a temporary
-file until a line matching \fImarker\fP is read.
-When the command is executed, standard input is redirected from the temporary
-file.
-If \fImarker\fP contains no quoted characters, the contents of the
-temporary file are processed as if enclosed in double quotes each time
-the command is executed, so parameter, command and arithmetic substitutions
-are performed, along with backslash (\fB\e\fP) escapes for
-\fB$\fP, \fB`\fP, \fB\e\fP and \fB\enewline\fP.
-If multiple here documents are used on the same command line, they are
-saved in order.
-.IP "\fB<<-\fP \fImarker\fP"
-same as \fB<<\fP, except leading tabs are stripped from lines in the
-here document.
-.IP "\fB<&\fP \fIfd\fP"
-standard input is duplicated from file descriptor \fIfd\fP.
-\fIfd\fP can be a single digit, indicating the number of an existing
-file descriptor, the letter \fBp\fP, indicating the file descriptor
-associated with the output of the current co-process, or
-the character \fB\-\fP, indicating standard input is to be closed.
-.IP "\fB>&\fP \fIfd\fP"
-same as \fB<&\fP, except the operation is done on standard output.
-.PP
-In any of the above redirections, the file descriptor that is redirected
-(\fIi.e.\fP, standard input or standard output) can be explicitly given by
-preceding the redirection with a single digit.
-Parameter, command and arithmetic substitutions, tilde substitutions and
-(if the shell is interactive) file name generation are all performed
-on the \fIfile\fP, \fImarker\fP and \fIfd\fP arguments of redirections.
-Note however, that the results of any file name generation are only used
-if a single file is matched; if multiple files match, the word with the
-unexpanded file name generation characters is used.
-Note that in restricted shells, redirections which can create files cannot
-be used.
-.PP
+.It Ic \&>\&> Ar file
+Same as
+.Ic \&> ,
+except if
+.Ar file
+exists it is appended to instead of being truncated. Also, the file is opened
+in append mode, so writes always go to the end of the file (see
+.Fn open 2 ) .
+.It Ic \&< Ar file
+Standard input is redirected from
+.Ar file ,
+which is opened for reading.
+.It Ic \&<\&> Ar file
+Same as
+.Ic \&< ,
+except the file is opened for reading and writing.
+.It Ic \&<\&< Ar marker
+After reading the command line containing this kind of redirection (called a
+.Dq here document ) ,
+the shell copies lines from the command source into a termpoary file until a
+line matching
+.Ar marker
+is read. When the command is executed, standard input is redirected from the
+temporary file. If
+.Ar marker
+contains no quoted characters, the contents of the temporary file are processed
+as if enclosed in double quotes each time the command is executed, so
+parameter, command and arithmetic substitutions are performed, along with
+backslash
+.Pq Sq \e
+escapes for
+.Dq \&$ ,
+.Dq ` ,
+.Dq \e ,
+and
+.Dq \enewline .
+If multiple here documents are used on the same command line, they are saved in
+order.
+.It Ic \&<\&<\&- Ar marker
+Same as
+.Ic \&<\&< ,
+except leading tabs are stripped from lines in the here document.
+.It Ic \&<\&& Ar fd
+Standard input is duplicated from file descriptor
+.Ar fd .
+.Ar fd
+can be a single digit, indicating the number of an existing file descriptor;
+the letter
+.Dq p ,
+indicating the file descriptor associated with the output of the current
+co-process; or the character
+.Dq \&- ,
+indicating standard input is to be closed.
+.It Ic \&>\&& Ar fd
+Same as
+.Ic \&<\&& ,
+except the operation is done on standard output.
+.El
+.Pp
+In any of the above redirections, the file descriptor that is redirected (i.e.,
+standard input or standard output) can be explicitly given by preceding the
+redirection with a single digit. Parameter, command and arithmetic
+substitutions, tilde substitutions and (if the shell is interative)
+file name generation are all performed on the
+.Ar file ,
+.Ar marker
+and
+.Ar fd
+arguments of redirections. Note, however, that the results of any file name
+generation are only used if a single file is matched; if multiple files match,
+the word with the expanded file name generation characters is used. Note
+that in restricted shells, redirections which can create files cannot be used.
+.Pp
 For simple-commands, redirections may appear anywhere in the command, for
-compound-commands (\fBif\fP statements, \fIetc.\fP), any redirections must
-appear at the end.
-Redirections are processed after pipelines are created and in the order they
-are given, so
-.RS
-\fBcat /foo/bar 2>&1 > /dev/null | cat \-n\fP
-.RE
+compund-commands
+.Po
+.Ic if
+statements, etc.
+.Pc ,
+any redirections must appear at the end. Redirections are processed after
+pipelines are created and in the order they are given, so
+.Pp
+.Ic cat /foo/bar 2\&>&1 \&> /dev/null \&| cat -n
+.Pp
 will print an error with a line number prepended to it.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  Arithmetic Expressions
-.SS "Arithmetic Expressions"
-Integer arithmetic expressions can be used
-inside \fB$((\fP..\fB))\fP expressions,
-inside array references (\fIe.g.\fP, \fIname\fP\fB[\fP\fIexpr\fP\fB]\fP),
-as numeric arguments to the \fBtest\fP command,
-and as the value of an assignment to an integer parameter.
-.PP
-Expression may contain alpha-numeric parameter identifiers, array
-references, and integer constants and may be combined with the
-following C operators (listed and grouped in increasing order of precedence).
-.TP
+.Ss Arithmetic expressions
+Integer arithmetic expressions can be used with the
+.Ic let
+command, inside
+.Ic $(( Ns No .. Ns Ic ))
+expressions, inside array references (e.g.,
+.Sm off
+.Ar name Ic \&[ Ar expr Ic \&] ) ,
+.Sm on
+as numeric arguments to the
+.Ic test
+command, and as the value of an assignment to an integer parameter.
+.Pp
+Expressions may contain alpha-numeric parameter identifiers, array references,
+and integer constants and may be combined with the following C operators
+(listed and grouped in increasing order of precedence):
+.Pp
 Unary operators:
-\fB+ \- ! ~ ++ --\fP
-.TP
+.Bl -item -offset indent -compact
+.It
+.Ic \&+ \&- \&! \&~ \&+\&+ \&-\&-
+.El
+.Pp
 Binary operators:
-\fB,\fP
-.br
-\fB= *= /= %= += \-= <<= >>= &= ^= |=\fP
-.br
-\fB||\fP
-.br
-\fB&&\fP
-.br
-\fB|\fP
-.br
-\fB^\fP
-.br
-\fB&\fP
-.br
-\fB== !=\fP
-.br
-\fB< <= >= >\fP
-.br
-\fB<< >>\fP
-.br
-\fB+ \-\fP
-.br
-\fB* / %\fP
-.TP
-Ternary operator:
-\fB?:\fP (precedence is immediately higher than assignment)
-.TP
+.Bl -item -offset indent -compact
+.It
+.Ic \&,
+.It
+.Ic = \&*= /= %= \&+= \&-= \&<\&<=
+.Ic \&>\&>= \&&= ^= \&|=
+.It
+.Ic \&|\&|
+.It
+.Ic \&&\&&
+.It
+.Ic \&|
+.It
+.Ic ^
+.It
+.Ic \&&
+.It
+.Ic == \&!=
+.It
+.Ic \&< \&<= \&>= \&>
+.It
+.Ic \&<\&< \&>\&>
+.It
+.Ic \&+ \&-
+.It
+.Ic \&* / %
+.El
+.Pp
+Ternary operators:
+.Bl -item -offset indent -compact
+.It
+.Ic \&?\&:
+(precedence is immediately higher than assignment)
+.El
+.Pp
 Grouping operators:
-\fB( )\fP
-.PP
+.Bl -item -offset indent -compact
+.It
+.Ic \&( \&)
+.El
+.Pp
 Integer constants may be specified with arbitrary bases using the notation
-\fIbase\fP\fB#\fP\fInumber\fP, where \fIbase\fP is a decimal integer specifying
-the base, and \fInumber\fP is a number in the specified base.
-.LP
+.Ar base Ns Ic \&# Ns Ar number ,
+where
+.Ar base
+is a decimal integer specifying the base, and
+.Ar number
+is a number in the specified base.
+.Pp
 The operators are evaluated as follows:
-.RS
-.IP "unary \fB+\fP"
-result is the argument (included for completeness).
-.IP "unary \fB\-\fP"
-negation.
-.IP "\fB!\fP"
-logical not; the result is 1 if argument is zero, 0 if not.
-.IP "\fB~\fP"
-arithmetic (bit-wise) not.
-.IP "\fB++\fP"
-increment; must be applied to a parameter (not a literal or other
-expression) - the parameter is incremented by 1.
-When used as a prefix operator, the result is the incremented value of
-the parameter, when used as a postfix operator, the result is the
-original value of the parameter.
-.IP "\fB++\fP"
-similar to \fB++\fP, except the paramter is decremented by 1.
-.IP "\fB,\fP"
-separates two arithmetic expressions; the left hand side is evaluated first,
-then the right.  The result is value of the expression on the right hand side.
-.IP "\fB=\fP"
-assignment; variable on the left is set to the value on the right.
-.IP "\fB*= /= %= += \-= <<= >>= &= ^= |=\fP"
-assignment operators; \fI<var> <op>\fP\fB=\fP \fI<expr>\fP is the same as
-\fI<var>\fP \fB=\fP \fI<var> <op>\fP \fB(\fP \fI<expr>\fP \fB)\fP.
-.IP "\fB||\fP"
-logical or; the result is 1 if either argument is non-zero, 0 if not.
-The right argument is evaluated only if the left argument is zero.
-.IP "\fB&&\fP"
-logical and; the result is 1 if both arguments are non-zero, 0 if not.
-The right argument is evaluated only if the left argument is non-zero.
-.IP "\fB|\fP"
-arithmetic (bit-wise) or.
-.IP "\fB^\fP"
-arithmetic (bit-wise) exclusive-or.
-.IP "\fB&\fP"
-arithmetic (bit-wise) and.
-.IP "\fB==\fP"
-equal; the result is 1 if both arguments are equal, 0 if not.
-.IP "\fB!=\fP"
-not equal; the result is 0 if both arguments are equal, 1 if not.
-.IP "\fB<\fP"
-less than; the result is 1 if the left argument is less than the right,
-0 if not.
-.IP "\fB<= >= >\fP"
-less than or equal, greater than or equal, greater than.  See <.
-.IP "\fB<< >>\fP"
-shift left (right); the result is the left argument with its bits shifted
-left (right) by the amount given in the right argument.
-.IP "\fB+ - * /\fP"
-addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.
-.IP "\fB%\fP"
-remainder; the result is the remainder of the division of the left argument
-by the right.  The sign of the result is unspecified if either argument
-is negative.
-.IP "\fI<arg1>\fP \fB?\fP \fI<arg2>\fP \fB:\fP \fI<arg3>\fP"
-if \fI<arg1>\fP is non-zero, the result is \fI<arg2>\fP,
-otherwise \fI<arg3>\fP.
-.RE
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  Co-Processes
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  Functions
-.SS "Functions"
-Functions are defined using either Korn shell \fBfunction\fP \fIname\fP
-syntax or the Bourne/POSIX shell \fIname\fP\fB()\fP syntax
-(see below for the difference between the two forms).
-Functions are like \fB.\fP-scripts in that they are executed in
-the current environment, however, unlike \fB.\fP-scripts, shell arguments
-(\fIi.e.\fP, positional parameters, \fB$1\fP, \fIetc.\fP) are never visible
-inside them.
-When the shell is determining the location of a command, functions are
-searched after special built-in commands, and before regular and non-regular
-built-ins, and before the \fBPATH\fP is searched.
-.PP
-An existing function may be deleted using \fBunset \-f\fP \fIfunction-name\fP.
-A list of functions can be obtained using \fBtypeset +f\fP and the
-function definitions can be listed using \fBtypeset \-f\fP.
-\fBautoload\fP (which is an alias for \fBtypeset \-fu\fP) may be used to
-create undefined functions; when an undefined function is executed, the
-shell searches the path specified in the \fBFPATH\fP parameter for a file
-with the same name as the function, which, if found is read and executed.
-If after executing the file, the named function is found to be defined, the
-function is executed, otherwise, the normal command search is continued
-(\fIi.e.\fP, the shell searches the regular built-in command table
-and \fBPATH\fP).
-Note that if a command is not found using \fBPATH\fP, an attempt is
-made to autoload a function using \fBFPATH\fP (this is an undocumented
-feature of the original Korn shell).
-.PP
-Functions can have two attributes, trace and export, which can be set
-with \fBtypeset \-ft\fP and \fBtypeset \-fx\fP, respectively.
-When a traced function is executed, the shell's \fBxtrace\fP option is turned
-on for the functions duration, otherwise the \fBxtrace\fP option is turned off.
-The export attribute of functions is currently not used.  In the original
-Korn shell, exported functions are visible to shell scripts that are executed.
-.PP
+.Pp
+.Bl -tag -width Ds -offset indent
+.It unary Ic \&+
+Result is the argument (included for completeness).
+.It unary Ic \&-
+Negation.
+.It Ic \&!
+Logical NOT; the result is 1 if argument is zero, 0 if not.
+.It Ic \&~
+Arithmetic (bit-wise) NOT.
+.It Ic \&+\&+
+Increment; must be applied to a parameter (not a literal or other expression).
+The parameter is incremented by 1. When used as a prefix operator, the result
+is the incremented value of the parameter; when used as a postfix operator, the
+result is the original value of the parameter.
+.It Ic \&-\&-
+Similar to
+.Ic \&+\&+ ,
+except the parameter is decremented by 1.
+.It Ic \&,
+Separates two arithmetic expressions; the left-hand side is evaluated first,
+then the right. The result is the value of the expression on the right-hand
+side.
+.It Ic =
+Assignment; variable on the left is set to the value on the right.
+.It Xo Ic \&*= /= \&+= \&-= \&<\&<=
+.Ic \&>\&>= \&&= ^= \&|=
+.Xc
+Assignment operators.
+.Ao Ar var Ac
+.Ao Ar op Ac =
+.Ao Ar expr Ac
+is the same as
+.Ao Ar var Ac =
+.Ao Ar var Ac
+.Ao Ar op Ac
+.Ic \&(
+.Ao Ar expr Ac
+.Ic \&) .
+.It Ic \&|\&|
+Logical OR; the result is 1 if either argument is non-zero, 0 if not. The right
+argument is evaluated only if the left argument is zero.
+.It Ic \&&\&&
+Logical AND; the result is 1 if both arguments are non-zero, 0 if not. The
+right argument is evaluated only if the left argument is non-zero.
+.It Ic \&|
+Arithmetic (bit-wise) OR.
+.It Ic ^
+Arithmetic (bit-wise) XOR (exclusive-OR).
+.It Ic \&&
+Arithmetic (bit-wise) AND.
+.It Ic ==
+Equal; the result is 1 if both arguments are equal, 0 if not.
+.It Ic \&!=
+Not equal; the result is 0 if both arguments are equal, 1 if not.
+.It Ic \&<
+Less than; the result is 1 if the left argument is less than the right, 0 if
+not.
+.It Ic \&<= \&>= \&>
+Less than or equal, greater than or equal, greater than. See
+.Ic \&< .
+.It Ic \&<\&< \&>\&>
+Shift left (right); the result is the left argument with its bits shifted left
+(right) by the amount given in the right argument.
+.It Ic \&+ \&- \&* /
+Addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.
+.It Ic %
+Remainder; the result is the remainder of the division of the left argument by
+the right. The sign of the result is unspecified if either argument is
+negative.
+.It Xo Ao Ar arg1 Ac Ic \ \&?
+.Ao Ar arg2 Ac Ic \ \&: Ao Ar arg3 Ac
+.Xc
+If
+.Ao Ar arg1 Ac
+is non-zero, the result is
+.Ao Ar arg2 Ac ,
+otherwise
+.Ao Ar arg3 Ac .
+.El
+.Ss Functions
+Functions are defined using either Korn shell
+.Ic function Ar name
+syntax or the Bourne/POSIX shell
+.Fn name
+syntax (see below for the difference between the two forms). Functions are like
+.Li .-scripts
+in that they are executed in the current environment. Howeer, unlike
+.Li .-scripts ,
+shell arguments (i.e., positional parameters $1, $2, etc.) are never visible
+inside them. When the shell is determining the location of a command, functions
+are searched after special built-in commands, and before regular and
+non-regular built-ins, and before the
+.Ev PATH
+is searched.
+.Pp
+An existing function may be deleted using
+.Ic unset Fl f Ar function-name .
+A list of functions can be obtained using
+.Ic typeset \&+f
+and the function definitions can be listed using
+.Ic typeset \&-f .
+.Ic autoload
+(which is an alias for
+.Ic typeset \&-fu )
+may be used to create undefined functions; when an undefined function is
+executed, the shell searches the path specified in the
+.Ev FPATH
+parameter for a file with the same name as the function, which, if found, is
+read and executed. If after executing the file the named function is found to
+be defined, the function is executed; otherwise, the normal command search is
+continued (i.e., the shell searches the regular built-in command table and
+.Ev PATH ) .
+Note that if a command is not found using
+.Ev PATH ,
+an attempt is made to autoload a function using
+.Ev FPATH
+(this is an undocumented feature of the original Korn shell).
+.Pp
+Functions can have two attributes,
+.Dq trace
+and
+.Dq export ,
+which can be set with
+.Ic typeset \&-ft
+and
+.Ic typeset \&-fx ,
+respectively. When a traced function is executed, the shell's
+.Ic xtrace
+option is turned on for the function's duration; otherwise, the
+.Ic xtrace
+option is turned off. The
+.Dq export
+attribute of functions is currently not used. In the original Korn shell,
+exported functions are visible to shell scripts that are executed.
+.Pp
 Since functions are executed in the current shell environment, parameter
 assignments made inside functions are visible after the function completes.
-If this is not the desired effect, the \fBtypeset\fP command can be used
-inside a function to create a local parameter.
-Note that special parameters (\fIe.g.\fP, \fB$$\fP, \fB$!\fP) can't be
-scoped in this way.
-.PP
-The exit status of a function is that of the last command executed in
-the function.
-A function can be made to finish immediately using the \fBreturn\fP command;
-this may also be used to explicitly specify the exit status.
-.PP
-Functions defined with the \fBfunction\fP reserved word are
-treated differently in the following ways from functions defined with
-the \fB()\fP notation:
-.nr P2 \n(PD
-.nr PD 0
-.IP \ \ \(bu
-the \fB$0\fP parameter is set to the name of the function
-(Bourne-style functions leave \fB$0\fP untouched).
-.IP \ \ \(bu
-parameter assignments preceeding function calls are not kept in
-the shell environment
-(executing Bourne-style functions will keep assignments).
-.IP \ \ \(bu
-\fBOPTIND\fP is saved/reset and restored on entry and exit from the function
-so \fBgetopts\fP can be used properly both inside and outside the function
-(Bourne-style functions leave \fBOPTIND\fP untouched, so using \fBgetopts\fP
-inside a function interferes with using \fBgetopts\fP outside the function).
-.nr PD \n(P2
-In the future, the following differences will also be added:
-.nr P2 \n(PD
-.nr PD 0
-.IP \ \ \(bu
+If this is not the desired effect, the
+.Ic typeset
+command can be used inside a function to create a local parameter. Note that
+special parameters (e.g., $$, $\&!) can't be scoped in this way.
+.Pp
+The exit status of a function is that of the last command executed in the
+function. A function can be made to finish immediately using the
+.Ic return
+command; this may also be used to explicitly specify the exit status.
+.Pp
+Functions defined with the
+.Ic function
+reserved word are treated differently in the following ways from functions
+defined with the
+.Ic \&(\&)
+notation:
+.Bl -bullet
+.It
+The $0 parameter is set to the name of the function (Bourne-style functions
+leave $0 untouched).
+.It
+Parameter assignments preceding function calls are not kept in the shell
+environment (executing Bourne-style functions will keep assignments).
+.It
+.Ev OPTIND
+is saved/reset and restored on entry and exit from the function so
+.Ic getopts
+can be used properly both inside and outside the function (Bourne-style
+functions leave
+.Dv OPTIND
+untouched, so using
+.Ic getopts
+inside a function interferes with using
+.Ic getopts
+outside the function). In the future, the following differences will also be
+added:
+.Bl -bullet -offset indent
+.It
 A separate trap/signal environment will be used during the execution of
-functions.
-This will mean that traps set inside a function will not affect the shell's
-traps and signals that are not ignored in the shell (but may be trapped) will
-have their default effect in a function.
-.IP \ \ \(bu
+functions. This will mean that traps set inside a function will not affect the
+shell's traps and signals that are not ignored in the shell (but may be
+trapped) will have their default effect in a function.
+.It
 The EXIT trap, if set in a function, will be executed after the function
 returns.
-.nr PD \n(P2
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  POSIX mode
-.SS "POSIX Mode"
+.El
+.El
+.Ss POSIX mode
 The shell is intended to be POSIX compliant, however, in some cases, POSIX
-behaviour is contrary either to the original Korn shell behaviour or to
-user convenience.
-How the shell behaves in these cases is determined by the state of
-the posix option (\fBset \-o posix\fP) \(em if it is on, the POSIX behaviour
-is followed, otherwise it is not.
-The \fBposix\fP option is set automatically when the shell starts up
-if the environment contains the \fBPOSIXLY_CORRECT\fP parameter.
-(The shell can also be compiled so that it is in POSIX mode by default,
-however this is usually not desirable).
-.PP
-The following is a list of things that are affected by the state of
-the \fBposix\fP option:
-.nr P2 \n(PD
-.nr PD 0
-.IP \ \ \(bu
-reading of \fB$ENV\fP: if not in posix mode, the \fBENV\fP parameter
-is not expanded and included when the shell starts.
-.IP \ \ \(bu
-\fB\e"\fP inside double quoted \fB`\fP..\fB`\fP command substitutions:
-in posix mode, the \fB\e"\fP is interpreted when the command is interpreted;
-in non-posix mode, the backslash is stripped before the command substitution
-is interpreted.  For example, \fBecho "`echo \e"hi\e"`"\fP produces `"hi"' in
-posix mode, `hi' in non-posix mode.  To avoid problems, use the \fB$(...\fP)
+behaviour is contrary either to the original Korn shell behaviour or to user
+convenience. How the shell behaves in these cases is determined by the state
+of the
+.Ic posix
+option
+.Pq Ic set Fl o Ic posix .
+If it is on, the POSIX behaviour is followed, otherwise it is not. The
+.Ic posix
+option is set automatically when the shell starts up if the environment
+contains the
+.Dv POSIXLY_CORRECT
+parameter. (The shell can also be compiled so that it is in POSIX mode by
+default, however this is usually not desirable).
+.Pp
+The following is a list of things that are affected by the state of the
+.Ic posix
+option:
+.Bl -bullet
+.It
+Reading of
+.Ev $ENV .
+If not in
+.Ic posix
+mode, the
+.Ev ENV
+parameter is not expanded and included when the shell starts.
+.It
+Occurrences of
+.Ic \e\&"
+inside double quoted
+.Ic `\&.\&.`
+command substitutions. In POSIX mode, the
+.Ic \e\&"
+is interpreted when the command is interpreted; in non-POSIX mode, the
+backslash is stripped before the command substitution is interpreted. For
+example,
+.Ic echo \&"`echo \e\&"hi\e\&"`\&"
+produces
+.Dq \&"hi\&"
+in POSIX mode,
+.Dq hi
+in non-POSIX mode. To avoid problems, use the
+.Ic $(...)
 form of command substitution.
-.IP \ \ \(bu
-\fBkill \-l\fP output: in posix mode, signal names are listed one a single line;
-in non-posix mode, signal numbers, names and descriptions are printed in
-columns.
-In future, a new option (\fB\-v\fP perhaps) will be added to distinguish
-the two behaviours.
-.IP \ \ \(bu
-\fBfg\fP exit status: in posix mode, the exit status is 0 if no errors occur;
-in non-posix mode, the exit status is that of the last foregrounded job.
-.IP \ \ \(bu
-\fBgetopts\fP: in posix mode, options must start with a \fB\-\fP; in non-posix
-mode, options can start with either \fB\-\fP or \fB+\fP.
-.IP \ \ \(bu
-brace expansion (also known as alternation): in posix mode, brace expansion
-is disabled; in non-posix mode, brace expansion enabled.
-Note that \fBset \-o posix\fP (or setting the \fBPOSIXLY_CORRECT\fP parameter)
-automatically turns the \fBbraceexpand\fP option off, however it can be
-explicitly turned on later.
-.IP \ \ \(bu
-\fBset \-\fP: in posix mode, this does not clear the \fBverbose\fP or
-\fBxtrace\fP options; in non-posix mode, it does.
-.IP \ \ \(bu
-\fBset\fP exit status: in posix mode, the exit status of set is 0
-if there are no errors; in non-posix mode, the exit status is that of
-any command substitutions performed in generating the set command.
-For example, `\fBset \-\- `false`; echo $?\fP' prints 0 in posix mode,
-1 in non-posix mode.  This construct is used in most shell scripts that
-use the old \fIgetopt\fP(1) command.
-.IP \ \ \(bu
-argument expansion of \fBalias\fP, \fBexport\fP, \fBreadonly\fP, and
-\fBtypeset\fP commands: in posix mode, normal argument expansion done;
-in non-posix mode, field splitting, file globing, brace expansion and
-(normal) tilde expansion are turned off, and assignment tilde expansion
-is turned on.
-.IP \ \ \(bu
-signal specification: in posix mode, signals can be specified as digits only
-if signal numbers match POSIX values (\fIi.e.\fP, HUP=1, INT=2, QUIT=3, ABRT=6,
-KILL=9, ALRM=14, and TERM=15); in non-posix mode, signals can be always digits.
-.IP \ \ \(bu
-alias expansion: in posix mode, alias expansion is only carried out when
-reading command words; in non-posix mode, alias expansion is carried out
-on any word following an alias that ended in a space.
-For example, the following for loop
-.RS
-.ft B
-alias a='for ' i='j'
-.br
-a i in 1 2; do echo i=$i j=$j; done
-.ft P
-.RE
-uses parameter \fBi\fP in posix mode, \fBj\fP in non-posix mode.
-.IP \ \ \(bu
-test: in posix mode, the expression "\fB-t\fP" (preceded by
-some number of "\fB!\fP" arguments) is always true as it is a non-zero length
-string; in non-posix mode, it tests if file descriptor 1 is a tty (\fIi.e.\fP,
-the \fIfd\fP argument to the \fB-t\fP test may be left out and defaults to 1).
-.nr PD \n(P2
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  Command Execution (built-in commands)
-.SS "Command Execution"
+.It
+.Ic kill -l
+output. In POSIX mode, signal names are listed one per line; in non-POSIX mode,
+signal numbers, names and descriptions are printed in columns. In future, a new
+option
+.Po Fl v
+\ perhaps
+.Pc
+will be added to distinguish the two behaviours.
+.It
+.Ic fg
+exit status. In POSIX mode, the exit status is 0 if no errors occur; in
+non-POSIX mode, the exit status is that of the last foregrounded job.
+.It
+.Ic getopts .
+In POSIX mode, options must start with a
+.Dq \&- ;
+in non-POSIX mode, options can start with either
+.Dq \&-
+or
+.Dq \&+ .
+.It
+Brace expansion (also known as alternation). In POSIX mode, brace expansion is
+disabled; in non-POSIX mode, brace expansion is enabled. Note that
+.Ic set Fl o Ic posix
+(or setting the
+.Ev POSIXLY_CORRECT
+parameter) automatically turns the
+.Ic braceexpand
+option off, however, it can be explicitly turned on later.
+.It
+.Ic set \&- .
+In POSIX mode, this does not clear the
+.Ic verbose
+or
+.Ic xtrace
+options; in non-POSIX mode, it does.
+.It
+.Ic set
+exit status. In POSIX mode, the exit status of
+.Ic set
+is 0 if there are no errors; in non-POSIX mode, the exit status is that of any
+command substitutions performed in generating the
+.Ic set
+command. For example,
+.Ic set \&-\&- `false`; echo $?
+prints 0 in POSIX mode, 1 in non-POSIX mode. This construct is used in most
+shell scripts that use the old
+.Xr getopt 1
+command.
+.It
+Argument expansion of
+.Ic alias ,
+.Ic export ,
+.Ic readonly ,
+and
+.Ic typeset
+commands. In POSIX mode, normal argument expansion is done; in non-POSIX mode,
+field splitting, file globbing, brace expansion, and (normal) tilde expansion
+are turned off, while assignment tilde expansion is turned on.
+.It
+Signal specification. In POSIX mode, signals can be specified as digits, only
+if signal numbers match POSIX values (i.e., HUP=1, INT=2, QUIT=3, ABRT=6,
+KILL=9, ALRM=14, and TERM=15); in non-POSIX mode, signals can always be digits.
+.It
+Alias expansion. In POSIX mode, alias expansion is only carried out when
+reading command words; in non-POSIX mode, alias expansion is carried out on any
+word following an alias that ended in a space. For example, the following
+.Ic for
+loop
+.Pp
+.Bl -item -offset indent -compact
+.It
+.Ic alias a='for ' i='j'
+.It
+.Ic a i in 1 2; do echo i=$i j=$j; done
+.El
+.Pp
+uses parameter
+.Ic i
+in POSIX mode,
+.Ic j
+in non-POSIX mode.
+.It
+Test. In POSIX mode, the expression
+.Dq Fl t
+(preceded by some number of
+.Dq Ic \&!
+arguments) is always true as it is a non-zero length string; in non-POSIX mode,
+it tests if file descriptor 1 is a tty (i.e., the
+.Ar fd
+argument to the
+.Fl t
+test may be left out and defaults to 1).
+.El
+.Ss Command execution
 After evaluation of command line arguments, redirections and parameter
-assignments, the type of command is determined: a special built-in,
-a function, a regular built-in or the name of a file to execute found
-using the \fBPATH\fP parameter.
-The checks are made in the above order.
-Special built-in commands differ from other commands in that 
-the \fBPATH\fP parameter is not used to find them, an error
-during their execution can cause a non-interactive shell to exit and
-parameter assignments that are specified before the command are
-kept after the command completes.
-Just to confuse things, if the posix option is turned off (see \fBset\fP
-command below) some special commands are very special in that
-no field splitting, file globing, brace expansion nor tilde expansion
-is preformed on arguments that look like assignments.
-Regular built-in commands are different only in that the \fBPATH\fP
+assignments, the type of command is determined; a special built-in, a function,
+a regular built-in, or the name of a file to execute found using the
+.Ev PATH
+parameter. The checks are made in the above order. Special built-in commands
+differ from other commands in that the
+.Ev PATH
+parameter is not used to find them, and an error during their execution can
+cause a non-interactive shell to exit and parameter assignments that are
+specified before the command are kept after the command completes. Just to
+confuse things, if the
+.Ic posix
+option is turned off (see
+.Ic set
+command below), some special commands are very special in that no field
+splitting, file globbing, brace expansion, nor tilde expansion is performed
+on arguments that look like assignments. Regular built-in commands are
+different only in that the
+.Ev PATH
 parameter is not used to find them.
-.PP
+.Pp
 The original ksh and POSIX differ somewhat in which commands are considered
 special or regular:
-.IP "POSIX special commands"
-.TS
-lw(8m)fB lw(8m)fB lw(8m)fB lw(8m)fB lw(8m)fB .
-\&.	continue	exit	return	trap
-:	eval	export	set	unset
-break	exec	readonly	shift
-.TE
-.IP "Additional ksh special commands"
-.TS
-lw(8m)fB lw(8m)fB lw(8m)fB lw(8m)fB lw(8m)fB .
-builtin	times	typeset		
-.TE
-.IP "Very special commands (non-posix mode)"
-.TS
-lw(8m)fB lw(8m)fB lw(8m)fB lw(8m)fB lw(8m)fB .
-alias	readonly	set	typeset	
-.TE
-.IP "POSIX regular commands"
-.TS
-lw(8m)fB lw(8m)fB lw(8m)fB lw(8m)fB lw(8m)fB .
-alias	command	fg	kill	umask
-bg	false	getopts	read	unalias
-cd	fc	jobs	true	wait
-.TE
-.IP "Additional ksh regular commands"
-.TS
-lw(8m)fB lw(8m)fB lw(8m)fB lw(8m)fB lw(8m)fB .
-[	let	pwd	ulimit	
-echo	print	test	whence	
-.TE
-.PP
-In the future, the additional ksh special and regular commands may
-be treated differently from the POSIX special and regular commands.
-.PP
+.Pp
+POSIX special commands
+.Pp
+.Ic \&. , \&: , break , continue ,
+.Ic eval , exec , exit , export ,
+.Ic readonly , return , set , shift ,
+.Ic trap , unset
+.Pp
+Additional ksh special commands
+.Pp
+.Ic builtin , times , typeset
+.Pp
+Very special commands (non-POSIX mode)
+.Pp
+.Ic alias , readonly , set , typset
+.Pp
+POSIX regular commands
+.Pp
+.Ic alias , bg , cd , command ,
+.Ic false , fc , fg , getopts ,
+.Ic jobs , kill , read , true ,
+.Ic umask , unalias , wait
+.Pp
+Additional ksh regular commands
+.Pp
+.Ic \&[ , echo , let , print ,
+.Ic pwd , test , ulimit , whence
+.Pp
+In the future, the additional ksh special and regular commands may be treated
+differently from the POSIX special and regular commands.
+.Pp
 Once the type of the command has been determined, any command line parameter
 assignments are performed and exported for the duration of the command.
-.PP
-The following describes the special and regular built-in commands:
-.\"{{{  . file [ arg1 ... ]
-.IP "\fB\&.\fP \fIfile\fP [\fIarg1\fP ...]"
-Execute the commands in \fIfile\fP in the current environment.
-The file is searched for in the directories of \fBPATH\fP.
-If arguments are given, the positional parameters may be used to
-access them while \fIfile\fP is being executed.
-If no arguments are given, the positional parameters are those of the
-environment the command is used in.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  : [ ... ]
-.IP "\fB:\fP [ ... ]"
-The null command.
-Exit status is set to zero.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  alias [ -d | +-t [ -r ] ] [+-px] [+-] [name1[=value1] ...]
-.IP "\fBalias\fP [ \fB\-d\fP | \fB\(+-t\fP [\fB\-r\fP] ] [\fB\(+-px\fP] [\fB\(+-\fP] [\fIname1\fP[\fB=\fP\fIvalue1\fP] ...]"
-Without arguments, \fBalias\fP lists all aliases.
-For any name without a value, the existing alias is listed.
-Any name with a value defines an alias (see Aliases above).
-.sp
-When listing aliases, one of two formats is used: 
-normally, aliases are listed as \fIname\fP\fB=\fP\fIvalue\fP, where
-\fIvalue\fP is quoted; if options were preceded with \fB+\fP 
-or a lone \fB+\fP is given on the command line, only \fIname\fP
-is printed.
-In addition, if the \fB\-p\fP option is used, each alias
-is prefixed with the string "\fBalias\fP\ ".
-.sp
-The \fB\-x\fP option sets (\fB+x\fP clears) the export attribute of an alias,
-or, if no names are given, lists the aliases with the export attribute
-(exporting an alias has no affect).
-.sp
-The \fB\-x\fP option sets the export attribute of an alias, or, if no
-names are given, lists the aliases with the export attribute
-(exporting an alias currently has no affect).
-.sp
-The \fB\-t\fP option indicates that tracked aliases are to be listed/set
-(values specified on the command line are ignored for tracked aliases).
-The \fB\-r\fP option indicates that all tracked aliases are to be reset.
-.sp
-The \fB\-d\fP causes directory aliases, which are used in tilde expansion,
-to be listed or set (see Tilde Expansion above).
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  bg [job ...]
-.IP "\fBbg\fP [\fIjob\fP ...]"
-Resume the specified stopped job(s) in the background.
-If no jobs are specified, \fB%+\fP is assumed.
-This command is only available on systems which support job control.
-See Job Control below for more information.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  bind [-l] [-m] [key[=editing-command] ...]
-.IP "\fBbind\fP [\fB\-m\fP] [\fIkey\fP[\fB=\fP\fIediting-command\fP] ...]"
-Set or view the current emacs command editing key bindings/macros.
-See Emacs Interactive Input Line Editing below for a complete description.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  break [level]
-.IP "\fBbreak\fP [\fIlevel\fP]"
-\fBbreak\fP exits the \fIlevel\fPth inner most for, select, until, or while
+.Pp
+The following described the special and regular built-in commands:
+.Bl -tag -width Ds
+.It Ic \&. Ar file Op Ar arg1 ...
+Execute the commands in
+.Ar file
+in the current environment. The file is searched for in the directories of
+.Ev PATH .
+If arguments are given, the positional parameters may be used to access them
+while
+.Ar file
+is being executed. If no arguments are given, the positional parameters are
+those of the environment the command is used in.
+.It Ic \&: Op Ar ...
+The null command. Exit status is set to zero.
+.It Xo Ic alias No [\ -d\ |\ +-t\ [-r]\ ]\ [+-px]\ [+-]
+.Sm off
+.Op Ar name1 No [= Ar value1 No \&]\ \&.\&.\&.
+.Sm on
+.Xc
+Without arguments,
+.Ic alias
+lists all aliases. For any name without a value, the existing alias is listed.
+Any name with a value defines an alias (see
+.Sx Aliases
+above).
+.Pp
+When listing aliases, one of two formats is used. Normally, aliases are listed
+as
+.Ar name Ns No = Ar value ,
+where
+.Ar value
+is quoted. If options were preceded with
+.Dq \&+ ,
+or a lone \&+ is given on the command line, only
+.Ar name
+is printed. In addition, if the
+.Fl p
+option is used, each alias is prefixed with the string
+.Dq alias\ \& .
+.Pp
+The
+.Fl x
+option sets
+.Po Ic \&+x
+\ clears
+.Pc
+the export attribute of an alias, or, if no names are given, lists the aliases
+with the export attribute (exporting an alias has no effect).
+.Pp
+The
+.Fl t
+option indicates that tracked aliases are to be listed/set (values specified on
+the command line are ignored for tracked aliases). The
+.Fl r
+option indicates that all tracked aliases are to be reset.
+.Pp
+The
+.Fl d
+option causes directory aliases, which are used in tilde expansion, to be
+listed or set (see
+.Sx Tilde expansion
+above).
+.It Ic bg Op Ar job ...
+Resume the specified stopped job(s) in the background. If no jobs are
+specified,
+.Ic %\&+
+is assumed. This command is only available on systems which support job
+control (see
+.Sx Job control
+below for more information).
+.It Xo Ic bind [ \&-m ]
+.Sm off
+.Oo Ar key No [= Ar editing-command No ]\ ... Oc
+.Xc
+.Sm on
+Set or view the current emacs command editing key bindings/macros (see
+.Sx Emacs interactive input line editing
+below for a complete description).
+.It Ic break Op Ar level
+Exit the
+.Ar level Ns th
+inner-most
+.Ic for ,
+.Ic until ,
+or
+.Ic while
 loop.
-\fIlevel\fP defaults to 1.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  builtin command [arg1 ...]
-.IP "\fBbuiltin\fP \fIcommand\fP [\fIarg1\fP ...]"
-Execute the built-in command \fIcommand\fP.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  cd [-LP] [dir]
-.IP "\fBcd\fP [\fB\-LP\fP] [\fIdir\fP]"
-Set the working directory to \fIdir\fP.  If the parameter \fBCDPATH\fP
-is set, it lists directories to search in for \fIdir\fP.
-\fIdir\fP.  An empty entry in the \fBCDPATH\fP entry means the current
-directory.  If a non-empty directory from \fBCDPATH\fP is used, the resulting
-full path is printed to standard output.  If \fIdir\fP is found in any
-component of the \fBCDPATH\fP search path other than the null path the name
-of the new working directory will be written to standard output. If
-\fIdir\fP is missing, the home directory \fB$HOME\fP is used.  If \fIdir\fP
-is \fB\-\fP, the previous working directory is used (see OLDPWD parameter).
-If \fB\-L\fP option (logical path) is used or if the \fBphysical\fP option
-(see \fBset\fP command below) isn't set, references to \fB..\fP in \fIdir\fP
-are relative to the path used get to the directory.
-If \fB\-P\fP option (physical path) is used or if the \fBphysical\fP option
-is set, \fB..\fP is relative to the filesystem directory tree.
-The \fBPWD\fP and \fBOLDPWD\fP parameters are updated to reflect the
-current and old wording directory, respectively.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  cd [-LP] old new
-.IP "\fBcd\fP [\fB\-LP\fP] \fIold new\fP"
-The string \fInew\fP is substituted for \fIold\fP in the current
-directory, and the shell attempts to change to the new directory.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  command [ -pvV ] cmd [arg1 ...]
-.IP "\fBcommand\fP [\fB\-p\fP] \fIcmd\fP [\fIarg1\fP ...]"
-\fIcmd\fP
-is executed exactly as if the \fBcommand\fP had not been specified,
-with two exceptions: first, \fIcmd\fP cannot be a shell function, and
-second, special built-in commands lose their specialness (\fIi.e.\fP,
-redirection and utility errors do not cause the shell to exit, and command
-assignments are not permanent).
-If the \fB\-p\fP option is given, a default search path is used instead of
-the current value of \fBPATH\fP (the actual value of the default path is
-system dependent: on POSIXish systems, it is the value returned by
-.ce
-\fBgetconf CS_PATH\fP
-).
-.sp
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  continue [levels]
-.IP "\fBcontinue\fP [\fIlevels\fP]"
-\fBcontinue\fP jumps to the beginning of the \fIlevel\fPth inner most for,
-select, until, or while loop.
-\fIlevel\fP defaults to 1.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  echo [-neE] [arg ...]
-.IP "\fBecho\fP [\fB\-neE\fP] [\fIarg\fP ...]"
-Prints its arguments (separated by spaces) followed by a newline, to
-standard out.
-The newline is suppressed if any of the arguments contain the backslash
-sequence \fB\ec\fP.
-See \fBprint\fP command below for a list of other backslash sequences
-that are recognized.
-.sp
-The options are provided for compatibility with BSD shell scripts:
-\fB\-n\fP suppresses the trailing newline, \fB\-e\fP enables backslash
-interpretation (a no-op, since this is normally done), and \fB\-E\fP which
-suppresses backslash interpretation.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  eval command ...
-.IP "\fBeval\fP \fIcommand ...\fP"
-The arguments are concatenated (with spaces between them) to form
-a single string which the shell then parses and executes
-in the current environment.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  exec [command [arg ...]]
-.IP "\fBexec\fP [\fIcommand\fP [\fIarg\fP ...]]"
+.Ar level
+defaults to 1.
+.It Ic builtin Ar command Op Ar arg1 ...
+Execute the built-in command
+.Ar command .
+.It Xo Ic cd Op Fl LP
+.Op Ar dir
+.Xc
+Set the working directory to
+.Ar dir .
+If the parameter
+.Ev CDPATH
+is set, it lists the search path for the directory containing
+.Ar dir .
+A
+.Dv NULL
+path means the current directory. If
+.Ar dir
+is found in any component of the
+.Ev CDPATH
+search path other than the
+.Dv NULL
+path, the name of the new working directory will be written to standard output.
+If
+.Ar dir
+is missing, the home directory
+.Ev HOME
+is used. If
+.Ar dir
+is
+.Dq \&- ,
+the previous working directory is used (see
+.Ev OLDPWD
+parameter). If the
+.Fl L
+option (logical path) is used or if the
+.Ic physical
+option (see
+.Ic set
+command below) isn't set, references to
+.Dq \&.\&.
+in
+.Ar dir
+are relative to the path used to get to the directory. If the
+.Fl P
+option (physical path) is used or if the
+.Ic physical
+option is set,
+.Dq \&.\&.
+is relative to the filesystem directory tree. The
+.Ev PWD
+and
+.Ev OLDPWD
+parameters are updated to reflect the current and old working directory,
+respectively.
+.It Xo Ic cd Op Fl LP
+.Ar old new
+.Xc
+The string
+.Ar new
+is substituted for
+.Ar old
+in the current directory, and the shell attempts to change to the new
+directory.
+.It Xo Ic command Op Fl p
+.Ar cmd Op Ar arg1 ...
+.Xc
+.Ar cmd
+is executed exactly as if the
+.Ic command
+had not been specified, with two exceptions. First,
+.Ar cmd
+cannot be a shell function, and second, special built-in commands lose their
+specialness (i.e., redirection and utility errors do not cause the shell to
+exit, and command assignments are not permanent). If the
+.Fl p
+option is given, a default search path is used instead of the current value of
+.Ev PATH
+(the actual value of the default path is system dependent; on POSIXish systems,
+it is the value returned by
+.Ic getconf CS_PATH ) .
+.It Ic continue Op Ar level
+Jumps to the beginning of the
+.Ar level Ns th
+inner-most
+.Ic for ,
+.Ic until ,
+or
+.Ic while
+loop.
+.Ar level
+defaults to 1.
+.It Xo Ic echo Op Fl neE
+.Op Ar arg ...
+.Xc
+Prints its arguments (separated by spaces) followed by a newline, to the
+standard output. The newline is suppressed if any of the arguments contain the
+backslash sequence
+.Dq \ec .
+See the
+.Ic print
+command below for a list of other backslash sequences that are recognized.
+.Pp
+The options are provided for compatibility with
+.Bx
+shell scripts. The
+.Fl n
+option suppresses the trailing newline,
+.Fl e
+enables backslash interpretation (a no-op, since this is normally done), and
+.Fl E
+which suppresses backslash interpretation.
+.It Ic eval Ar command ...
+The arguments are concatenated (with spaces between them) to form a single
+string which the shell then parses and executes in the current environment.
+.It Xo Ic exec
+.Op Ar command Op Ar arg ...
+.Xc
 The command is executed without forking, replacing the shell process.
-.sp
-If no arguments are given, any IO redirection is permanent and the shell
-is not replaced.
-Any file descriptors which are opened or \fIdup\fP(2)-ed
-in this way are made available to other executed commands
-(note that the Korn shell differs here: it does not pass on
-file descriptors greater than 2).
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  exit [status]
-.IP "\fBexit\fP [\fIstatus\fP]"
-The shell exits with the specified exit status.
-If \fIstatus\fP is not specified, the exit status is the current
-value of the \fB?\fP parameter.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  export [-p] [parameter[=value] ...]
-.IP "\fBexport\fP [\fB\-p\fP] [\fIparameter\fP[\fB=\fP\fIvalue\fP]] ..."
-Sets the export attribute of the named parameters.
-Exported parameters are passed in the environment to executed commands.
-If values are specified, the named parameters also assigned.
-.sp
+.Pp
+If no arguments are given, and I/O redirection is permanent and the shell is
+not replaced. Any file descriptors which are opened or
+.Xr dup 2 Ns No 'd
+in this way are made available to other executed commands (note that the Korn
+shell differs here: it does not pass on file descriptors greater than 2).
+.It Ic exit Op Ar status
+The shell exits with the specified exit status. If
+.Ar status
+is not specified, the exit status is the current value of the
+.Ic \&?
+parameter.
+.It Xo Ic export Op Fl p
+.Op Ar parameter Ns Op \&= Ns Ar value
+.Xc
+Sets the export attribute of the named parameters. Exported parameters are
+passed in the environment to executed commands. If values are specified, the
+named parameters are also assigned.
+.Pp
 If no parameters are specified, the names of all parameters with the export
-attribute are printed one per line, unless the \fB\-p\fP option is used,
-in which case \fBexport\fP commands defining all exported
-parameters, including their values, are printed.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  false
-.IP "\fBfalse\fP"
+attribute are printed one per line, unless the
+.Fl p
+option is used, in which case
+.Ic export
+commands defining all exported parameters, including their values, are printed.
+.It Ic false
 A command that exits with a non-zero status.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  fc [-e editor | -l [-n]] [-r] [first [ last ]]
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  fc [-e - | -s] [-g] [old=new] [prefix]
-.IP "\fBfc\fP [\fB\-e \-\fP | \fB\-s\fP] [\fB\-g\fP] [\fIold\fP\fB=\fP\fInew\fP] [\fIprefix\fP]"
+.It Xo Ic fc No [-e\ -\ |\ -s]\ [-g]\ [old=new]\&
+.Op Ar prefix
+.Xc
 Re-execute the selected command (the previous command by default) after
-performing the optional substitution of \fIold\fP with \fInew\fP.  If
-\fB\-g\fP is specified, all occurrences of \fIold\fP are replaced with
-\fInew\fP.  This command is usually accessed with the predefined alias
-\fBr='fc \-e \-'\fP.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  fg [job ...]
-.IP "\fBfg\fP [\fIjob\fP ...]"
-Resume the specified job(s) in the foreground.
-If no jobs are specified, \fB%+\fP is assumed.
-This command is only available on systems which support job control.
-See Job Control below for more information.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  getopts optstring name [arg ...]
-.IP "\fBgetopts\fP \fIoptstring\fP \fIname\fP [\fIarg\fP ...]"
-\fBgetopts\fP is used by shell procedures to parse the specified arguments
-(or positional parameters, if no arguments are given) and to check for legal
-options.
-\fIoptstring\fP contains the option letters that
-\fBgetopts\fP is to recognize.  If a letter is followed by a colon, the
-option is expected to have an argument.
-Options that do not take arguments may be grouped in a single argument.
-If an option takes an argument and the option character is not the last
-character of the argument it is found in, the remainder of the argument
-is taken to be the option's argument, otherwise, the next argument is
-the option's argument.
-.sp
-Each time \fBgetopts\fP is invoked, it places the next option in
-the shell parameter \fIname\fP and the index of the next argument to be
-processed in the shell parameter \fBOPTIND\fP.
-If the option was introduced with a \fB+\fP, the option placed in
-\fIname\fP is prefixed with a \fB+\fP.
-When an option requires an argument, \fBgetopts\fP places it in the
-shell parameter \fBOPTARG\fP.
-When an illegal option or a missing option argument is
-encountered a question mark or a colon is placed in \fIname\fP
-(indicating an illegal option or missing argument, respectively)
-and \fBOPTARG\fP is set to the option character that caused the problem.
-An error message is also printed to standard error if \fIoptstring\fP
-does not begin with a colon.
-.sp
-When the end of the options is encountered, \fBgetopts\fP exits with a
-non-zero exit status.
-Options end at the first (non-option argument) argument that does not
-start with a \-, or when a \fB\-\-\fP argument is encountered.
-.sp
-Option parsing can be reset by setting \fBOPTIND\fP to 1 (this is done
-automatically whenever the shell or a shell procedure is invoked).
-.sp
-Warning: Changing the value of the shell parameter \fBOPTIND\fP to
-a value other than 1, or parsing different sets of arguments without
-resetting \fBOPTIND\fP may lead to unexpected results.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  hash [-r] [name ...]
-.IP "\fBhash\fP [\fB\-r\fP] [\fIname ...\fP]"
-Without arguments, any hashed executable command pathnames are listed.
-The \fB\-r\fP option causes all hashed commands to be removed
-from the hash table.
-Each \fIname\fP is searched as if it where a command name and added to the
-hash table if it is an executable command.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  jobs [-lpn] [job ...]
-.IP "\fBjobs\fP [\fB\-lpn\fP] [\fIjob\fP ...]"
-Display information about the specified jobs; if no jobs are specified,
-all jobs are displayed.
-The \fB\-n\fP option causes information to be displayed only for jobs
-that have changed state since the last notification.
-If the \fB\-l\fP option is used, the process-id of each process in a job
-is also listed.
-The \fB\-p\fP option causes only the process group of each job to be printed.
-See Job Control below for the format of \fIjob\fP and the displayed job.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  kill [-s signame | -signum | -signame] { job | pid | -pgrp } ...
-.IP "\fBkill\fP [\fB\-s\fP \fIsigname\fP | \fB\-signum\fP | \fB\-signame\fP ] { \fIjob\fP | \fIpid\fP | \fB\-\fP\fIpgrp\fP } ..."
-Send the specified signal to the specified jobs, process ids, or process groups.
-If no signal is specified, the signal TERM is sent.
-If a job is specified, the signal is sent to the job's process group.
-See Job Control below for the format of \fIjob\fP.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  kill -l [exit-status ...]
-.IP "\fBkill \-l\fP [\fIexit-status\fP ...]"
-Print the name of the signal that killed a process which exited with
-the specified \fIexit-status\fPes.
+performing the optional substitution of
+.Ar old
+with
+.Ar new .
+If
+.Fl g
+is specified, all occurrences of
+.Ar old
+are replaced with
+.Ar new .
+This command is usually accessed with the predefined
+.Ic alias r='fx -e -' .
+.It Ic fg Op Ar job ...
+Resume the specified job(s) in the foreground. If no jobs are specified,
+.Ic %\&+
+is assumed. This command is only available on systems which support job
+control (see
+.Sx Job control
+below for more information).
+.It Xo Ic getopts Ar optstring name
+.Op Ar arg ...
+.Xc
+Used by shell procedures to parse the specified arguments (or positional
+parameters, if no arguments are given) and to check for legal options.
+.Ar optstring
+contains the option letters that
+.Ic getopts
+is to recognize. If a letter is followed by a colon, the option is expected to
+ahve an argument. Options that do not take arguments may be grouped in a single
+argument. If an option takes an argument and the option character is not the
+last character of the argument it is found in, the remainder of the argument is
+taken to be the option's argument, otherwise, the next argument is the option's
+argument.
+.Pp
+Each time
+.Ic getopts
+is invoked, it places the next option in the shell parameter
+.Ar name
+and the index of the next argument to be processed in the shell parameter
+.Ev OPTIND .
+If the option was introduced with a
+.Dq \&+ ,
+the option places in
+.Ar name
+is prefixed with a
+.Dq \&+ .
+When an option requires an argument,
+.Ic getopts
+places it in the shell parameter
+.Ev OPTARG .
+When an illegal option or a missing option argument is encountered, a question
+mark or a colon is placed in
+.Ar name
+(indicating an illegal option or missing argument, respectively) and
+.Ev OPTAG
+is set to the option character that caused the problem. An error message is
+also printed to standard error if
+.Ar optstring
+does not being with a colon.
+.Pp
+When the end of the options is encountered,
+.Ic getopts
+exits with a non-zero exit status. Options end at the first (non-option
+argument) argument that does not start with a
+.Dq \&- ,
+or when a
+.Dq \&-\&-
+argument is encountered.
+.Pp
+Option parsing can be reset by setting
+.Ev OPTIND
+to 1 (this is done automatically whenever the shell or a shell procedure is
+invoked).
+.Pp
+Warning: Changing the value of the shell parameter
+.Ev OPTIND
+to a value other than 1, or parsing different sets of arguments without
+resetting
+.Ev OPTIND
+may lead to unexpected results.
+.It Xo Ic hash Op Fl r
+.Op Ar name ...
+.Xc
+Without arguments, any hashed executable command pathnames are listed. The
+.Fl r
+option causes all hashed commands to be removed from the hash table. Each
+.Ar name
+is searched as if it were a command name and added to the hash table if it is
+an executable command.
+.It Xo Ic jobs Op Fl lpn
+.Op Ar job ...
+.Xc
+Display information about the specified job(s); if no jobs are specified, all
+jobs are displayed. The
+.Fl n
+option causes information to be displayed only for jobs that have changed
+state since the last notification. If the
+.Fl l
+option is used, the process ID of each process in a job is also listed. The
+.Fl p
+option causes only the process group of each job to be printed. See
+.Sx Job control
+below for the format of
+.Ar job
+and the displayed job.
+.It Xo Ic kill No [-s\ signame\ |\ -signum\ |\ -signame\ ]\ {\ job\ |\ pid\ |
+.No -pgrp\ }\ \&.\&.\&.
+.Xc
+Send the specified signal to the specified jobs, process IDs, or process
+groups. If no signal is specified, the
+.Dv TERM
+signal is sent. If a job is specified, the signal is sent to the job's
+process group. See
+.Sx Job control
+below for the format of
+.Ar job .
+.It Ic kill -l Op Ar exit-status ...
+Print the name of the signal that killed a process which exited with the
+specified
+.Ar exit-status Ns es.
 If no arguments are specified, a list of all the signals, their numbers and
 a short description of them are printed.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  let [expression ...]
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  print [-nprsun | -R [-en]] [argument ...]
-.IP "\fBprint\fP [\fB\-nprsu\fP\fIn\fP | \fB\-R\fP [\fB\-en\fP]] [\fIargument ...\fP]"
-\fBPrint\fP prints its arguments on the standard output, separated by
-spaces, and terminated with a newline.  The \fB\-n\fP option suppresses
-the newline.  By default, certain C escapes are translated.  These
-include \eb, \ef, \en, \er, \et, \ev, and \e0### (# is an octal digit, of
-which there may be 0 to 3).
-\ec is equivalent to using the \fB\-n\fP option.  \e expansion may be
-inhibited with the \fB\-r\fP option.
-The \fB\-s\fP option prints to the history file instead of standard output,
-the \fB\-u\fP option prints to file descriptor \fIn\fP (\fIn\fP
-defaults to 1 if omitted), and the \fB\-p\fP option prints to the co-process
-(see Co-Processes above).
-.sp
-The \fB\-R\fP option is used to emulate, to some degree, the BSD echo
-command, which does not process \e sequences unless the \fB\-e\fP option
-is given.
-As above, the \fB\-n\fP option suppresses the trailing newline.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  pwd [-LP]
-.IP "\fBpwd\fP [\fB\-LP\fP]"
-Print the present working directory.
-If \fB\-L\fP option is used or if the \fBphysical\fP option
-(see \fBset\fP command below) isn't set, the logical path is printed
-(\fIi.e.\fP, the path used to \fBcd\fP to the current directory).
-If \fB\-P\fP option (physical path) is used or if the \fBphysical\fP option
-is set, the path determined from the filesystem (by following \fB..\fP
+.It Xo Ic print Oo Fl nprsu Ns Ar n
+.Li | Fl R No [-en] Oc [argument\ ...]
+.Xc
+.Ic print
+prints its arguments on the standard output, separated by spaces, and
+terminated with a newline. The
+.Fl n
+option suppresses the newline. By default, certain C escapes are translated.
+These include
+.Dq \eb ,
+.Dq \ef ,
+.Dq \en ,
+.Dq \er ,
+.Dq \et ,
+.Dq \ev ,
+and
+.Dq \e0###
+.Po
+.Dq #
+is an octal digit, of which there may be 0 to 3
+.Pc .
+.Dq \ec
+is equivalent to using the
+.Fl n
+option.
+.Dq \e
+expansion may be inhibited with the
+.Fl r
+option. The
+.Fl s
+option prints to the history file instead of standard output, the
+.Fl u
+option prints to file descriptor
+.Ar n
+.Po
+.Ar n
+defaults to 1 if omitted
+.Pc ,
+and the
+.Fl p
+option prints to the co-process (see
+.Sx Co-processes
+above).
+.Pp
+The
+.Fl R
+option is used to emulate, to some degree, the
+.Bx
+.Xr echo
+command, which does not process
+.Dq \e
+sequences unless the
+.Fl e
+option is given. As above, the
+.Fl n
+option suppresses the trailing newline.
+.It Ic pwd Op Fl LP
+Print the present working directory. If the
+.Fl L
+option is used or if the
+.Ic physical
+option (see
+.Ic set
+command below) isn't set, the logical path is printed (i.e., the path used to
+.Ic cd
+to the current directory). If the
+.Fl P
+option (physical path) is used or if the
+.Ic physical
+option is set, the path determined from the filesystem (by following
+.Dq \&.\&.
 directories to the root directory) is printed.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  read [-prsun] [parameter ...]
-.IP "\fBread\fP [\fB\-prsu\fP\fIn\fP] [\fIparameter ...\fP]"
-Reads a line of input from standard input, separate the line into fields using
-the \fBIFS\fP parameter (see Substitution above), and assign each field to the
-specified parameters.
-If there are more parameters than fields, the extra parameters are set to null,
+.It Xo Ic read Oo Fl prsu Ns Ar n
+.Oc Op Ar parameter ...
+.Xc
+Reads a line of input from the standard input, separates the line into fields
+using the
+.Ev IFS
+parameter (see
+.Sx Substitution
+above), and assigns each field to the specified parameters. If there are more
+parameters than fields, the extra parameters are set to
+.Dv NULL ,
 or alternatively, if there are more fields than parameters, the last parameter
-is assigned the remaining fields (inclusive of any separating spaces).
-If no parameters are specified, the \fBREPLY\fP parameter is used.
-If the input line ends in a backslash and the \fB\-r\fP option was not used, the
-backslash and newline are stripped and more input is read.
-If no input is read, \fBread\fP exits with a non-zero status.
-.sp
+is assigned the remaining fields (inclusive of any separating spaces). If no
+parameters are specified, the
+.Ev REPLY
+parameter is used. If the input line ends in a backslash and the
+.Fl r
+option was not used, the backslash and the newline are stripped and more input
+is read. If no input is read,
+.Ic read
+exits with a non-zero status.
+.Pp
 The first parameter may have a question mark and a string appended to it, in
 which case the string is used as a prompt (printed to standard error before
-any input is read) if the input is a tty
-(\fIe.g.\fP, \fBread nfoo?'number of foos: '\fP).
-.sp
-The \fB\-u\fP\fIn\fP and \fB\-p\fP options cause input to be read
-from file descriptor \fIn\fP or the current co-process (see Co-Processes above
-for comments on this), respectively.
-If the \fB\-s\fP option is used, input is saved to the history file.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  readonly [-p] [parameter[=value] ...]
-.IP "\fBreadonly\fP [\fB\-p\fP] [\fIparameter\fP[\fB=\fP\fIvalue\fP]] ..."
-Sets the readonly attribute of the named parameters.  If values are given,
-parameters are set to them before setting the attribute.
-Once a parameter is made readonly, it cannot be unset and its value cannot
-be changed.
-.sp
-If no parameters are specified, the names of all parameters with the readonly
-attribute are printed one per line, unless the \fB\-p\fP option is used,
-in which case \fBreadonly\fP commands defining all readonly
-parameters, including their values, are printed.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  return [status]
-.IP "\fBreturn\fP [\fIstatus\fP]"
-Returns from a function or \fB.\fP script, with exit status \fIstatus\fP.
-If no \fIstatus\fP is given, the exit status of the last executed command
-is used.
-If used outside of a function or \fB.\fP script, it has the same effect
-as \fBexit\fP.
-Note that pdksh treats both profile and \fB$ENV\fP files as \fB.\fP scripts,
-while the original Korn shell only treats profiles as \fB.\fP scripts.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  set [+-abCefhkmnpsuvxX] [+-o [option]] [+-A name] [--] [arg ...]
-.IP "\fBset\fP [\fB\(+-abCefhkmnpsuvxX\fP] [\fB\(+-o\fP [\fIoption\fP]] [\fB\(+-A\fP \fIname\fP] [\fB\-\-\fP] [\fIarg\fP ...]"
-The set command can be used to set (\fB\-\fP) or clear (\fB+\fP) shell options,
-set the positional parameters, or set an array parameter.
-Options can be changed using the \fB\(+-o\fP \fIoption\fP syntax,
-where \fIoption\fP is the long name of an option, or using
-the \fB\(+-\fP\fIletter\fP syntax, where \fIletter\fP is the
-option's single letter name (not all options have a single letter name).
+any input is read) if the input is a tty (e.g.,
+.Ic read nfoo?'number of foos: ' ) .
+.Pp
+The
+.Fl u Ns Ar n
+and
+.Fl p
+options cause input to be read from file descriptor
+.Ar n
+or the current co-process (see
+.Sx Co-processes
+above for comments on this), respectively. If the
+.Fl s
+option is used, input is saved to the history file.
+.It Xo Ic readonly Op Fl p
+.Sm off
+.Oo Ar parameter Op = Ar value Oc \ ...
+.Sm on
+.Xc
+Sets the read-only attribute of the named parameters. If values are given,
+parameters are set to them before setting the attribute. Once a parameter is
+made read-only, it cannot be unset and its value cannot be changed.
+.Pp
+If no parameters are specified, the names of all parameters with the read-only
+attribute are printed one per line, unless the
+.Fl p
+option is used, in which case
+.Ic readonly
+commands defining all read-only parameters, including their values, are
+printed.
+.It Ic return Op Ar status
+Returns from a function or
+.Ic \&.
+script, with exit status
+.Ar status .
+If no
+.Ar status
+is given, the exit status of the last executed command is used. If used
+outside of a function or
+.Ic \&.
+script, it has the same effect as
+.Ic exit .
+Note that
+.Nm pdksh
+treats both profile and
+.Ev ENV
+files as
+.Ic \&.
+scripts, while the original Korn shell only treats profiles as
+.Ic \&.
+scripts.
+.It Xo Ic set No [+-abCefhkmnpsuvxX]\ [+-o\ [option]]\ [+-A\ name]\ [--]\&
+.Op Ar arg ...
+.Xc
+The set command can be used to set
+.Pq Ic \&-
+or clear
+.Pq Ic \&+
+shell options, set the positional parameters, or set an array parameter.
+Options can be changed using the
+.Ic \&+ Ns Fl o Ar option
+syntax, where
+.Ar option
+is the long name of an option, or using the
+.Ic \&+\&- Ns Ar letter
+syntax, where
+.Ar letter
+is the option's single letter name (not all options have a single letter name).
 The following table lists both option letters (if they exist) and long names
-along with a description of what the option does.
-.sp
-.TS
-expand;
-afB lfB lw(3i).
-\-A		T{
-Sets the elements of the array parameter \fIname\fP to \fIarg\fP ...;
-If \fB\-A\fP is used, the array is reset (\fIi.e.\fP, emptied) first;
-if \fB+A\fP is used, the first N elements are set (where N is the number
-of \fIarg\fPs), the rest are left untouched.
-T}
-\-a	allexport	T{
-all new parameters are created with the export attribute
-T}
-\-b	notify	T{
+along with a description of what the option does:
+.Bl -tag -width 15n
+.It Fl A
+Sets the elements of the array parameter
+.Ar name
+to
+.Ar arg ... .
+If
+.Fl A
+is used, the array is reset (i.e., emptied) first; if
+.Ic \&+A
+is used, the first N elements are set (where N is the number of
+.Ar arg Ns s ) ,
+the rest are left untouched.
+.It Fl a Ic allexport
+All new parameters are created with the export attribute.
+.It Fl b Ic notify
 Print job notification messages asynchronously, instead of just before the
-prompt.
-Only used if job control is enabled (\fB\-m\fP).
-T}
-\-C	noclobber	T{
-Prevent \fB>\fP redirection from overwriting existing files (\fB>|\fP must
-be used to force an overwrite).
-T}
-\-e	errexit	T{
-Exit (after executing the \fBERR\fP trap) as soon as an error occurs or
-a command fails (\fIi.e.\fP, exits with a non-zero status).
-This does not apply to commands whose exit status is explicitly tested by a
-shell construct such as \fBif\fP, \fBuntil\fP, \fBwhile\fP, \fB&&\fP or
-\fB||\fP statements.
-T}
-\-f	noglob	T{
+prompt. Only used if job control is enabled
+.Pq Fl m .
+.It Fl C Ic noclobber
+Prevent
+.Ic \&>
+redirection from overwriting existing files
+.Po
+.Ic \&>\&|
+must be used to force an overwrite
+.Pc .
+.It Fl e Ic errexit
+Exit (after executing the
+.Dv ERR
+trap) as soon as an error occurs or a command fails (i.e., exits with a
+non-zero status). This does not apply to commands whose exit status is
+explicitly tested by a shell construct such as
+.Ic if ,
+.Ic until ,
+.Ic while ,
+.Ic \&&\&& ,
+or
+.Ic \&|\&|
+statements.
+.It Fl f Ic noglob
 Do not expand file name patterns.
-T}
-\-h	trackall	T{
-Create tracked aliases for all executed commands (see Aliases above).
-On by default for non-interactive shells.
-T}
-\-i	interactive	T{
-Enable interactive mode \- this can only be set/unset when the shell is
-invoked.
-T}
-\-k	keyword	T{
+.It Fl h Ic trackall
+Create tracked aliases for all executed commands (see
+.Sx Aliases
+above). Enabled by default for non-interactive shells.
+.It Fl i Ic interactive
+Enable interactive mode. This can only be set/unset when the shell is invoked.
+.It Fl k Ic keyword
 Parameter assignments are recognized anywhere in a command.
-T}
-\-l	login	T{
-The shell is a login shell \- this can only be set/unset when the shell is
-invoked (see Shell Startup above).
-T}
-\-m	monitor	T{
+.It Fl l Ic login
+The shell is a login shell. This can only be set/unset when the shell is
+invoked (see
+.Sx Shell startup
+above).
+.It Fl m Ic monitor
 Enable job control (default for interactive shells).
-T}
-\-n	noexec	T{
-Do not execute any commands \- useful for checking the syntax of scripts
+.It Fl n lc noexec
+Do not execute any commands. Useful for checking the syntax of scripts
 (ignored if interactive).
-T}
-\-p	privileged	T{
-Set automatically if, when the shell starts, the read uid or gid does not
-match the effective uid or gid, respectively.
-See Shell Startup above for a description of what this
-means.
-T}
--r	restricted	T{
-Enable restricted mode \(em this option can only be used when the shell is
-invoked.  See Shell Startup above for a description of what this
-means.
-T}
-\-s	stdin	T{
-If used when the shell is invoked, commands are read from standard input.
-Set automatically if the shell is invoked with no arguments.
-.sp
-When \fB\-s\fP is used in the \fBset\fP command, it causes the specified
-arguments to be sorted before assigning them to the positional parameters
-(or to array \fIname\fP, if \fB\-A\fP is used).
-T}
-\-u	nounset	T{
-Referencing of an unset parameter is treated as an error, unless
-one of the \fB\-\fP, \fB+\fP or \fB=\fP modifiers is used.
-T}
-\-v	verbose	T{
+.It Fl p Ic privileged
+Set automatically if, when the shell starts, the read UID or GID does not match
+the effective UID (EUID) or GID (EGID), respectively. See
+.Sx Shell startup
+above for a description of what this means.
+.It Fl r Ic restricted
+Enable restricted mode. This option can only be used when the shell is invoked.
+See
+.Sx Shell startup
+above for a description of what this means.
+.It Fl s Ic stdin
+If used where the shell is invoked, commands are read from standard input. Set
+automatically if the shell is invoked with no arguments.
+.Pp
+When
+.Fl s
+is used with the
+.Ic set
+command it causes the specified arguments to be sorted before assigning them to
+the positional parameters (or to array
+.Ar name ,
+if
+.Fl A
+is used).
+.It Fl u Ic nounset
+Referencing of an unset parameter is treated as an error, unless one of the
+.Dq \&- ,
+.Dq \&+
+or
+.Dq =
+modifiers is used.
+.It Fl v Ic verbose
 Write shell input to standard error as it is read.
-T}
-\-x	xtrace	T{
-Print commands and parameter assignments when they are executed,
-preceded by the value of \fBPS4\fP.
-T}
-\-X	markdirs	T{
-Mark directories with a trailing \fB/\fP during file name generation.
-T}
-	bgnice	T{
+.It Fl x Ic xtrace
+Print commands and parameter assignments when they are executed, preceded by
+the value of
+.Ev PS4 .
+.It Fl X Ic markdirs
+Mark directories with a trailing
+.Dq /
+during file name generation.
+.It Ic bgnice
 Background jobs are run with lower priority.
-T}
-	ignoreeof	T{
-The shell will not exit on when end-of-file is read, \fBexit\fP must be used.
-T}
-	nohup	T{
-Do not kill running jobs with a \fBHUP\fP signal when a login shell exists.
-Currently set by default, but this will change in the future to be compatible
-with the original Korn shell (which doesn't have this option, but does
-send the \fBHUP\fP signal).
-T}
-	nolog	T{
-No effect \- in the original Korn shell, this prevents function definitions
-from being stored in the history file.
-T}
-	physical	T{
-Causes the \fBcd\fP and \fBpwd\fP commands to use `physical'
-(\fIi.e.\fP, the filesystem's) \fB..\fP directories instead of `logical'
-directories (\fIi.e.\fP,  the shell handles \fB..\fP, which allows the user
-to be obliveous of symlink links to directories).
-Clear by default.  Note that setting
-this option does not effect the current value of the \fBPWD\fP parameter;
-only the \fBcd\fP command changes \fBPWD\fP.
-See the \fBcd\fP and \fBpwd\fP commands above for more details.
-T}
-	posix	T{
-Enable posix mode.  See POSIX Mode above.
-T}
-	vi	T{
+.It Ic ignoreeof
+The shell will not exit when end-of-file is read;
+.Ic exit
+must be used.
+.It Ic nohup
+Do not kill running jobs with a
+.Dv HUP
+signal when a login shell exists. Currently set by default, but this will
+change in the future to be compatible with the original Korn shell (which
+doesn't have this option, but does send the
+.Dv HUP
+signal).
+.It Ic nolog
+No effect. In the original Korn shell, this prevents function definitions from
+being stored in the history file.
+.It Ic physical
+Causes the
+.Ic cd
+and
+.Ic pwd
+commands to use
+.Dq physical
+(i.e., the filesystem's)
+.Dq \&.\&.
+directories instead of
+.Dq logical
+directories (i.e., the shell handles
+.Dq \&.\&. ,
+which allows the user to be oblivious of symbolic links to directories). Clear
+by default. Note that setting this option does not affect the current value of
+the
+.Ev PWD
+parameter; only the
+.Ic cd
+command changes
+.Ev PWD .
+See the
+.Ic cd
+and
+.Ic pwd
+commands above for more details.
+.It Ic posix
+Enable POSIX mode. See
+.Sx POSIX mode
+above.
+.It Ic vi
 Enable vi-like command line editing (interactive shells only).
-T}
-	viraw	T{
-No effect \- in the original Korn shell, unless viraw was set, the vi command
-line mode would let the tty driver do the work until ESC (^[) was entered.
-pdksh is always in viraw mode.
-T}
-	vi-esccomplete	T{
-In vi command line editing, do command / file name completion when
-escape (^[) is entered in command mode.
-T}
-	vi-show8	T{
-Prefix characters with the eighth bit set with `M-'.
-If this option is not set, characters in the range
-128-160 are printed as is, which may cause problems.
-T}
-	vi-tabcomplete	T{
-In vi command line editing, do command / file name completion when
-tab (^I) is entered in insert mode.
-T}
-.TE
-.sp
-These options can also be used upon invocation of the shell.  The current
-set of options (with single letter names) can be found in the
-parameter \fB\-\fP.
-\fBset -o\fP with no option name will list all the options and whether each
-is on or off; \fBset +o\fP will print the long names of all options that
-are currently on.
-.sp
-Remaining arguments, if any, are positional parameters and are assigned,
-in order, to the
-positional parameters (\fIi.e.\fP, \fB1\fP, \fB2\fP, \fIetc.\fP).
-If options are ended with \fB\-\-\fP and there are no remaining arguments,
-all positional parameters are cleared.
-If no options or arguments are given, then the values of all names are printed.
-For unknown historical reasons, a lone \fB\-\fP option is treated specially:
-it clears both the \fB\-x\fP and \fB\-v\fP options.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  shift [number]
-.IP "\fBshift\fP [\fInumber\fP]"
-The positional parameters \fInumber\fP+1, \fInumber\fP+2 \fIetc.\fP\& are
-renamed to \fB1\fP, \fB2\fP, \fIetc.\fP
-\fInumber\fP defaults to 1.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  test expression, [ expression ]
-.IP "\fBtest\fP \fIexpression\fP"
-.IP "\fB[\fP \fIexpression\fP \fB]\fP"
-\fBtest\fP evaluates the \fIexpression\fP and returns zero status if
-true, and 1 status if false and greater than 1 if there was an error.
-It is normally used as the
-condition command of \fBif\fP and \fBwhile\fP statements.
-The following basic expressions are available:
-.sp
-.TS
-afB ltw(2.8i).
-\fIstr\fP	T{
-\fIstr\fP has non-zero length.  Note that there is the potential
-for problems if \fIstr\fP turns out to be an operator (\fIe.g.\fP, \fB-r\fP)
-- it is generally better to use a test like
-.RS
-\fB[ X"\fP\fIstr\fP\fB" != X ]\fP
-.RE
-instead (double quotes are used in case \fIstr\fP contains spaces or file
-globing characters).
-T}
-\-r \fIfile\fP	T{
-\fIfile\fP exists and is readable
-T}
-\-w \fIfile\fP	T{
-\fIfile\fP exists and is writable
-T}
-\-x \fIfile\fP	T{
-\fIfile\fP exists and is executable
-T}
-\-a \fIfile\fP	T{
-\fIfile\fP exists
-T}
-\-e \fIfile\fP	T{
-\fIfile\fP exists
-T}
-\-f \fIfile\fP	T{
-\fIfile\fP is a regular file
-T}
-\-d \fIfile\fP	T{
-\fIfile\fP is a directory
-T}
-\-c \fIfile\fP	T{
-\fIfile\fP is a character special device
-T}
-\-b \fIfile\fP	T{
-\fIfile\fP is a block special device
-T}
-\-p \fIfile\fP	T{
-\fIfile\fP is a named pipe
-T}
-\-u \fIfile\fP	T{
-\fIfile\fP's mode has setuid bit set
-T}
-\-g \fIfile\fP	T{
-\fIfile\fP's mode has setgid bit set
-T}
-\-k \fIfile\fP	T{
-\fIfile\fP's mode has sticky bit set
-T}
-\-s \fIfile\fP	T{
-\fIfile\fP is not empty
-T}
-\-O \fIfile\fP	T{
-\fIfile\fP's owner is the shell's effective user-ID
-T}
-\-G \fIfile\fP	T{
-\fIfile\fP's group is the shell's effective group-ID
-T}
-\-h \fIfile\fP	T{
-\fIfile\fP is a symbolic link
-T}
-\-H \fIfile\fP	T{
-\fIfile\fP is a context dependent directory (only useful on HP-UX)
-T}
-\-L \fIfile\fP	T{
-\fIfile\fP is a symbolic link
-T}
-\-S \fIfile\fP	T{
-\fIfile\fP is a socket
-T}
-\-o \fIoption\fP	T{
-shell \fIoption\fP is set (see \fBset\fP command above for list of options).
-As a non-standard extension, if the option starts with a \fB!\fP, the test
-is negated; the test always fails if option doesn't exist (thus
-.RS
-\fB[ -o \fP\fIfoo\fP \fB-o -o !\fP\fIfoo\fP \fB]\fP
-.RE
-returns true if and only if option \fIfoo\fP exists).
-T}
-\fIfile\fP \-nt \fIfile\fP	T{
-first \fIfile\fP is newer than second \fIfile\fP
-T}
-\fIfile\fP \-ot \fIfile\fP	T{
-first \fIfile\fP is older than second \fIfile\fP
-T}
-\fIfile\fP \-ef \fIfile\fP	T{
-first \fIfile\fP is the same file as second \fIfile\fP
-T}
-\-t\ [\fIfd\fP]	T{
-file descriptor is a tty device.
-If the posix option (\fBset \-o posix\fP, see POSIX Mode above) is not
-set, \fIfd\fP may be left out, in which case it is taken to be 1
-(the behaviour differs due to the special POSIX rules described below).
-T}
-\fIstring\fP	T{
-\fIstring\fP is not empty
-T}
-\-z\ \fIstring\fP	T{
-\fIstring\fP is empty
-T}
-\-n\ \fIstring\fP	T{
-\fIstring\fP is not empty
-T}
-\fIstring\fP\ =\ \fIstring\fP	T{
-strings are equal
-T}
-\fIstring\fP\ !=\ \fIstring\fP	T{
-strings are not equal
-T}
-\fInumber\fP\ \-eq\ \fInumber\fP	T{
-numbers compare equal
-T}
-\fInumber\fP\ \-ne\ \fInumber\fP	T{
-numbers compare not equal
-T}
-\fInumber\fP\ \-ge\ \fInumber\fP	T{
-numbers compare greater than or equal
-T}
-\fInumber\fP\ \-gt\ \fInumber\fP	T{
-numbers compare greater than
-T}
-\fInumber\fP\ \-le\ \fInumber\fP	T{
-numbers compare less than or equal
-T}
-\fInumber\fP\ \-lt\ \fInumber\fP	T{
-numbers compare less than
-T}
-.TE
-.sp
+.It Ic viraw
+No effect. In the original Korn shell, unless
+.Ic viraw
+was set, the vi command line mode would let the tty driver do the work until
+ESC (^[) was entered.
+.Nm pdksh
+is always in viraw mode.
+.It Ic vi-esccomplete
+In vi command line editing, do command and file name completion when escape
+(^[) is entered in command mode.
+.It Ic vi-show8
+Prefix characters with the eighth bit set with
+.Dq M\&- .
+If this option is not set, characters in the range 128-160 are printed as is,
+which may cause problems.
+.It Ic vi-tabcomplete
+In vi command line editing, do command and file name completion when tab (^I)
+is entered in insert mode.
+.El
+.Pp
+These options can also be used upon invocation of the shell. The current set of
+options (with single letter names) can be found in the parameter
+.Dv \&- .
+.Ic set Fl o
+with no option name will list all the options and whether each is on or off;
+.Ic set +o
+will print the long names of all options that are currently on.
+.Pp
+Remaining arguments, if any, are positional parameters and are assigned, in
+order, to the positional parameters (i.e., $1, $2, etc.). If options end with
+.Dq \&-\&-
+and there are no remaining arguments, all positional parameters are cleared. If
+no options or arguments are given, the values of all names are printed. For
+unknown historical reasons, a lone
+.Dq \&-
+option is treated specially -- it clears both the
+.Fl x
+and
+.Fl v
+options.
+.It Ic shift Op Ar number
+The positional parameters
+.Ar number Ns +1 ,
+.Ar number Ns +2 ,
+etc. are renamed to
+.Dq 1 ,
+.Dq 2 ,
+etc.
+.Ar number
+defaults to 1.
+.It Ic test Ar expression
+.It Ic \&[ Ar expression Ic \&]
+.Ic test
+evaluates the
+.Ar expression
+and returns zero status if true, 1 status if fase, and greater than 1 if there
+was an error. It is normally used as the condition command of
+.Ic if
+and
+.Ic while
+statements. The following basic expressions are available:
+.Bl -tag -width 17n
+.It Ar str
+.Ar str
+has non-zero length. Note that there is the potential for problems if
+.Ar str
+turns out to be an operator (e.g.,
+.Fl r ) .
+It is generally better to use a test like
+.Sm off
+.Ic \&[\ X\&" Ar str Ic \&" Ic \ \&]
+.Sm on
+instead (double quotes are used in case
+.Ar str
+contains spaces or file globbing characters).
+.It Fl r Ar file
+.Ar file
+exists and is readable.
+.It Fl w Ar file
+.Ar file
+exists and is writable.
+.It Fl x Ar file
+.Ar file
+exists and is executable.
+.It Fl a Ar file
+.Ar file
+exists.
+.It Fl e Ar file
+.Ar file
+exists.
+.It Fl f Ar file
+.Ar file
+is a regular file.
+.It Fl d Ar file
+.Ar file
+is a directory.
+.It Fl c Ar file
+.Ar file
+is a character special device.
+.It Fl b Ar file
+.Ar file
+is a block special device.
+.It Fl p Ar file
+.Ar file
+is a named pipe.
+.It Fl u Ar file
+.Ar file Ns 's
+mode has setuid bit set.
+.It Fl g Ar file
+.Ar file Ns 's
+mode has setgid bit set.
+.It Fl k Ar file
+.Ar file Ns 's
+mode has sticky bit set.
+.It Fl s Ar file
+.Ar file
+is not empty.
+.It Fl O Ar file
+.Ar file Ns 's
+owned is the shell's effective user ID.
+.It Fl G Ar file
+.Ar file Ns 's
+group is the shell's effective group ID.
+.It Fl h Ar file
+.Ar file
+is a symbolic link.
+.It Fl H Ar file
+.Ar file
+is a context dependent directory (only useful on HP-UX).
+.It Fl L Ar file
+.Ar file
+is a symbolic link.
+.It Fl S Ar file
+.Ar file
+is a socket.
+.It Fl o Ar option
+Shell
+.Ar option
+is set (see
+.Ic set
+command above for a list of options). As a non-standard extension, if the
+option starts with a
+.Dq \&! ,
+the test is negated; the test always fails if
+.Ar option
+doesn't exist (thus
+.Ic \&[ -o Ar foo
+.Ic -o -o \&! Ns Ar foo Ic \&]
+returns true if and only if option
+.Ar foo
+exists).
+.It Ar file Fl nt Ar file
+first
+.Ar file
+is newer than second
+.Ar file .
+.It Ar file Fl ot Ar file
+first
+.Ar file
+is older than second
+.Ar file .
+.It Ar file Fl ef Ar file
+first
+.Ar file
+is the same file as second
+.Ar file .
+.It Fl t Op Ar fd
+File descriptor
+.Ar fd
+is a tty device. If the
+.Ic posix
+option is not set,
+.Ar fd
+may be left out, in which case it is taken to be 1 (the behaviour differs due
+to the special POSIX rules described below).
+.It Ar string
+.Ar string
+is not empty.
+.It Fl z Ar string
+.Ar string
+is empty.
+.It Fl n Ar string
+.Ar string
+is not empty.
+.It Ar string No = Ar string
+Strings are equal.
+.It Ar string No \&!= Ar string
+Strings are not equal.
+.It Ar number Fl eq Ar number
+Numbers compare equal.
+.It Ar number Fl ne Ar number
+Numbers compare not equal.
+.It Ar number Fl ge Ar number
+Numbers compare greater than or equal.
+.It Ar number Fl gt Ar number
+Numbers compare greater than.
+.It Ar number Fl le Ar number
+Numbers compare less than or equal.
+.It Ar number Fl \&lt Ar number
+Numbers compare less than.
+.El
+.Pp
 The above basic expressions, in which unary operators have precedence over
-binary operators, may be combined with the following operators
-(listed in increasing order of precedence):
-.sp
-.TS
-afB l.
-\fIexpr\fP \-o \fIexpr\fP	logical or
-\fIexpr\fP \-a \fIexpr\fP	logical and
-! \fIexpr\fP	logical not
-( \fIexpr\fP )	grouping
-.TE
-.sp
-On operating systems not supporting \fB/dev/fd/\fP\fIn\fP devices
-(where \fIn\fP is a file descriptor number),
-the \fBtest\fP command will attempt to fake it for all tests that
-operate on files (except the \fB-e\fP test).
-I.e., \fB[ -w /dev/fd/2 ]\fP tests if file descriptor 2 is writable.
-.sp
-Note that some special rules are applied (courtesy of POSIX) if the
-number of arguments to \fBtest\fP or \fB[\fP \&... \fB]\fP is less than
-five: if leading \fB!\fP arguments can be stripped such that only one
-argument remains then a string length test is performed (again, even if
-the argument is a unary operator);
-if leading \fB!\fP arguments can be stripped such that three
-arguments remain and the second argument is a binary operator, then the
-binary operation is performed (even if first argument is a unary
-operator, including an unstripped \fB!\fP).
-.sp
-\fBNote:\fP A common mistake is to use \fBif [ $foo = bar ]\fP which
-fails if parameter \fBfoo\fP is null or unset, if it has embedded spaces
-(\fIi.e.\fP, \fBIFS\fP characters), or if it is a unary operator like \fB!\fP or
-\fB\-n\fP.  Use tests like \fBif [ "X$foo" = Xbar ]\fP instead.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  times
-.IP \fBtimes\fP
-Print the accumulated user and system times used by the shell and by
-processes which have exited that the shell started.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  trap [handler signal ...]
-.IP "\fBtrap\fP [\fIhandler\fP \fIsignal ...\fP]"
-Sets trap handler that is to be executed when any of the specified signals
-are received.
-\fBHandler\fP is either a null string, indicating the signals are to
-be ignored, a minus (\fB\-\fP), indicating that the default action is to
-be taken for the signals (see signal(2 or 3)), or a string containing shell
-commands to be evaluated and executed at the first opportunity (\fIi.e.\fP,
-when the current command completes, or before printing the next \fBPS1\fP
+binary operators, may be combined with the following operators (listed in
+increasing order of precedence):
+.Pp
+.Bl -tag -width "expr -o expr" -compact
+.It Ar expr Fl o Ar expr
+Logical OR.
+.It Ar expr Fl a Ar expr
+Logical AND.
+.It Ic \&! Ar expr
+Logical NOT.
+.It Ic \&( Ar expr Ic \&)
+Grouping.
+.El
+.Pp
+On operating systems not supporting
+.Pa /dev/fd/ Ns Ar n
+devices (where
+.Ar n
+is a file descriptor number), the
+.Ic test
+command will attempt to fake it for all tests that operate on files (except the
+.Fl e
+test). For example,
+.Ic \&[ -w /dev/fd/2 \&]
+tests if file descriptor 2 is writable.
+.Pp
+Note that some special rules are applied (courtesy of POSIX) if the number of
+arguments to
+.Ic test
+or
+.Ic \&[ ... \&]
+is less than five; if leading
+.Dq \&!
+arguments can be stripped such that only one argument remains then a string
+length test is performed (again, even if the argument is a unary operator); if
+leading
+.Dq \&!
+arguments can be stripped such that three arguments remain and the second
+argument is a binary operator, then the binary operation is performed (even
+if the first argument is a unary operator, including an unstripped
+.Dq \&! ) .
+.Pp
+NOTE: A common mistake is to use
+.Ic if \&[ $foo = bar \&]
+which fails if parameter
+.Ic foo
+is
+.Dv NULL
+or unset, if it has embedded spaces (i.e.,
+.Ev IFS
+characters), or if it is a unary operator like
+.Dq Ic \&!
+or
+.Dq Fl n .
+Use tests like
+.Ic if \&[ \&"X$foo\&" = Xbar \&]
+instead.
+.It Ic times
+Print the accumulated user and system times used by the shell and by processes
+which have exited that the shell started.
+.It Ic trap Op Ar handler signal ...
+Sets trap handler that is to be executed when any of the specified signals are
+received.
+.Ar handler
+is either a
+.Dv NULL
+string, indicating the signals are to be ignored, a minus sign
+.Pq Sq \&- ,
+indicating that the default action is to be taken for the signals (see
+.Xr signal 3 ) ,
+or a string containing shell commands to be evaluated and executed at the first
+opportunity (i.e., when the current command completes, or before printing the
+next
+.Ev PS1
 prompt) after receipt of one of the signals.
-\fBSignal\fP is the name of a signal (\fIe.g.\fP, PIPE or ALRM) or the number
-of the signal (see \fBkill \-l\fP command above).
-There are two special signals: \fBEXIT\fP (also known as \fB0\fP), which
-is executed when the shell is about to exit, and \fBERR\fP which is
-executed after an error occurs (an error is something that would cause
-the shell to exit if the \fB\-e\fP or \fBerrexit\fP option were set \(em
-see \fBset\fP command above).
-\fBEXIT\fP handlers are executed in the environment of the last executed
-command.
-Note that for non-interactive shells, the trap handler cannot be changed for
-signals that were ignored when the shell started.
-.sp
-With no arguments, \fBtrap\fP lists, as a series of \fBtrap\fP commands,
-the current state of the traps that have been set since the shell started.
-.sp
-.\" todo: add these features (trap DEBUG, trap ERR/EXIT in function)
-The original Korn shell's \fBDEBUG\fP trap and the handling of \fBERR\fP and
-\fBEXIT\fP traps in functions are not yet implemented.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  true
-.IP \fBtrue\fP
+.Ar signal
+is the name of a signal (e.g.,
+.Dv PIPE
+or
+.Dv ALRM )
+or the number of the signal (see
+.Ic kill -l
+command above). There are two special signals:
+.Dv EXIT
+(also known as 0), which is executed when the shell is about to exit, and
+.Dv ERR ,
+which is executed after an error occurs (an error is something that would cause
+the shell to exit if the
+.Fl e
+or
+.Ic errexit
+option were see -- see
+.Ic set
+command above).
+.Dv EXIT
+handlers are executed in the environment of the last executed command. Note
+that for non-interactive shells, the trap handler cannot be changed for signals
+that were ignored when the shell started.
+.Pp
+With no arguments,
+.Ic trap
+lists, as a series of
+.Ic trap
+commands, the current start of the traps that have been set since the shell
+started.
+.Pp
+The original Korn shell's
+.Dv DEBUG
+trap and the handling of
+.Dv ERR
+and
+.Dv EXIT
+traps in functions are not yet implemented.
+.It Ic true
 A command that exits with a zero value.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  typeset [[+-Ulprtux] [-L[n]] [-R[n]] [-Z[n]] [-i[n]] | -f [-tux]] [name[=value] ...]
-.IP "\fBtypeset\fP [[\(+-Ulprtux] [\fB\-L\fP[\fIn\fP]] [\fB\-R\fP[\fIn\fP]] [\fB\-Z\fP[\fIn\fP]] [\fB\-i\fP[\fIn\fP]] | \fB\-f\fP [\fB\-tux\fP]] [\fIname\fP[\fB=\fP\fIvalue\fP] ...]"
-Display or set parameter attributes.
-With no \fIname\fP arguments, parameter attributes are displayed: if no options
-arg used, the current attributes of all parameters are printed as typeset
-commands; if an option is given (or \fB\-\fP with no option letter)
-all parameters and their values with the specified attributes are printed;
-if options are introduced with \fB+\fP, parameter values are not printed.
-.sp
-If \fIname\fP arguments are given, the attributes of the named parameters
-are set (\fB\-\fP) or cleared (\fB+\fP).
-Values for parameters may optionally be specified.
-If typeset is used inside a function, any newly created parameters are local
-to the function.
-.sp
-When \fB\-f\fP is used, typeset operates on the attributes of functions.
-As with parameters, if no \fIname\fPs are given, functions are listed
-with their values (\fIi.e.\fP, definitions) unless options are introduced with
-\fB+\fP, in which case only the function names are reported.
-.sp
-.TS
-expand;
-afB lw(4.5i).
-\-L\fIn\fP	T{
-Left justify attribute: \fIn\fP specifies the field width.
-If \fIn\fP is not specified, the current width of a parameter (or the
-width of its first assigned value) is used.
-Leading white space (and zeros, if used with the \fB\-Z\fP option) is stripped.
-If necessary, values are either truncated or space padded to fit the
+.It Xo Ic typeset No [[+-Ulprtux]\ [-L[n]]\ [-R[n]]\ [-Z[n]]\ [-i[n]]\ |\ -f\&
+.Li [-tux]]\ [name[=value]\ ...]
+.Xc
+Display or set parameter attributes. With no
+.Ar name
+arguments, parameter attributes are displayed; if no options are used, the
+current attributes of all parameters are printed as
+.Ic typeset
+commands; if an option is given (or
+.Dq \&-
+with no option letter), all parameters and their values with the specified
+attributes are printed; if options are introduced with
+.Dq \&+ ,
+parameter values are not printed.
+.Pp
+If
+.Ar name
+arguments are given, the attributes of the named parameters are set
+.Pq Ic \&-
+or cleared
+.Pq Ic \&+ .
+Values for parameters may optionally be specified. If
+.Ic typeset
+is used inside a function, any newly created parameters are local to the
+function.
+.Pp
+When
+.Fl f
+is used,
+.Ic typeset
+operates on the attributes of functions. As with parameters, if no
+.Ar name Ns s
+are given, functions are listed with their values (i.e., definitions) unless
+options are introduced with
+.Dq \&+ ,
+in which case only the function names are reported.
+.Bl -tag -width 3n
+.It Fl L Ns Ar n
+Left justify attribute.
+.Ar n
+specifies the field width. If
+.Ar n
+is not specified, the current width of a parameter (or the width of its first
+assigned value) is used. Leading whitespace (and zeros, if used with the
+.Fl Z
+option) is stripped. If necessary, values are either truncated or space padded
+to fit the field width.
+.It Fl R Ns Ar n
+Right justify attribute.
+.Ar n
+specifies the field width. If
+.Ar n
+is not specified, the current width of a parameter (or the width of its first
+assigned value) is used. Trailing whitespace is stripped. If necessary, values
+are either stripped of leading characters or space padded to make them fit the
 field width.
-T}
-\-R\fIn\fP	T{
-Right justify attribute: \fIn\fP specifies the field width.
-If \fIn\fP is not specified, the current width of a parameter (or the
-width of its first assigned value) is used.
-Trailing white space are stripped.
-If necessary, values are either stripped of leading characters
-or space padded to make them fit the field width.
-T}
-\-Z\fIn\fP	T{
-Zero fill attribute: if not combined with \fB\-L\fP, this is the
-same as \fB\-R\fP, except zero padding is used instead of space padding.
-T}
-\-i\fIn\fP	T{
-integer attribute:
-\fIn\fP specifies the base to use when displaying the integer
-(if not specified, the base given in the first assignment is used).
-Parameters with this attribute may be assigned values containing
-arithmetic expressions.
-T}
-\-U	T{
-unsigned integer attribute: integers are printed as unsigned values
-(only useful when combined with the \fB\-i\fP option).
-This option is not in the original Korn shell.
-T}
-\-f	T{
-Function mode: display or set functions and their attributes, instead of
+.It Fl Z Ns Ar n
+Zero fill attribute. If not combined with
+.Fl L ,
+this is the same as
+.Fl R ,
+except zero padding is used instead of space padding.
+.It Fl i Ns Ar n
+Integer attribute.
+.Ar n
+specifies the base to use when displaying the integer (if not specified, the
+base given in the first assignment is used). Parameters with this attribute may
+be assigned values containing arithmetic expressions.
+.It Fl U
+Unsigned integer attribute. Integers are printed as unsigned values (only
+useful when combined with the
+.Fl i
+option). This option is not in the original Korn shell.
+.It Fl f
+Function mode. Display or set functions and their attributes, instead of
 parameters.
-T}
-\-l	T{
-Lower case attribute: all  upper case characters in values are converted to
-lower case.
-(In the original Korn shell, this parameter meant `long integer' when used
-with the \fB\-i\fP option).
-T}
-\-p	T{
-Print complete typeset commands that can be used to re-create the
-attributes (but not the values) of parameters.
-This is the default action (option exists for ksh93 compatability).
-T}
-\-r	T{
-Readonly attribute: parameters with the this attribute may not be assigned to
-or unset.
-Once this attribute is set, it can not be turned off.
-T}
-\-t	T{
-Tag attribute: has no meaning to the shell; provided for application use.
-.sp
-For functions, \fB\-t\fP is the trace attribute.
-When functions with the trace attribute are executed, the \fBxtrace\fP (\fB\-x\fP) shell option is temporarily turned on.
-T}
-\-u	T{
-Upper case attribute: all lower case characters in values are converted to
-upper case.
-(In the original Korn shell, this parameter meant `unsigned integer' when used
-with the \fB\-i\fP option, which meant upper case letters would never be used
-for bases greater than 10.  See the \fB\-U\fP option).
-.sp
-For functions, \fB\-u\fP is the undefined attribute.  See Functions above
-for the implications of this.
-T}
-\-x	T{
-Export attribute: parameters (or functions) are placed in the environment of
-any executed commands.  Exported functions are not implemented yet.
-T}
-.TE
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  ulimit [-acdfHlmnpsStvw] [value]
-.IP "\fBulimit\fP [\fB\-acdfHlmnpsStvw\fP] [\fIvalue\fP]"
-Display or set process limits.
-If no options are used, the file size limit (\fB\-f\fP) is assumed.
-\fBvalue\fP, if specified, may be either be an arithmetic expression or the
-word \fBunlimited\fP.
-The limits affect the shell and any processes created by the shell after
-a limit is imposed.
-Note that some systems may not allow limits to be increased once they
-are set.
-Also note that the types of limits available are system dependent \- some
-systems have only the \fB\-f\fP limit.
-.RS
-.IP \fB\-a\fP
-Displays all limits; unless \fB\-H\fP is used, soft limits are displayed.
-.IP \fB\-H\fP
+.It Fl l
+Lower case attribute. All upper case characters in values are converted to
+lower case. (In the original Korn shell, this parameter meant
+.Dq long integer
+when used with the
+.Fl i
+option.)
+.It Fl p
+Print complete
+.Ic typeset
+commands that can be used to re-create the attributes (but not the values) or
+parameters. This is the default action (option exists for ksh93 compatibility).
+.It Fl r
+Read-only attribute. Parameters with this attribute may not be assigned to or
+unset. Once this attribute is set, it can not be turned off.
+.It Fl t
+Tag attribute. Has no meaning to the shell; provided for application use.
+.Pp
+For functions,
+.Fl t
+is the trace attribute. When functions with the trace attribute are executed,
+the
+.Ic xtrace
+.Pq Fl x
+shell option is temporarily turned on.
+.It Fl u
+Upper case attribute. All lower case characters in values are converted to
+upper case. (In the original Korn shell, this parameter meant
+.Dq unsigned integer
+when used with the
+.Fl i
+option, which meant upper case letters would never be used for bases greater
+than 10. See the
+.Fl U
+option.)
+.Pp
+For functions,
+.Fl u
+is the undefined attribute. See
+.Sx Functions
+above for the implications of this.
+.It Fl x
+Export attribute. Parameters (or functions) are placed in the environment of
+any executed commands. Exported functions are not yet implemented.
+.El
+.It Xo Ic ulimit Op Fl acdfHlmnpsStvw
+.Op Ar value
+.Xc
+Display or set process limits. If no options are used, the file size limit
+.Pq Fl f
+is assumed.
+.Ar value ,
+if specified, may be either an arithmetic expression or the word
+.Dq unlimited .
+The limits affect the shell and any processes created by the shell after a
+limit is imposed. Note that some systems may not allow limits to be increased
+once they are set. Also note that the types of limits available are system
+dependent -- some systems have only the
+.Fl f
+limit.
+.Bl -tag -width 5n
+.It Fl a
+Displays all limits; unless
+.Fl H
+is used, soft limits are displayed.
+.It Fl H
 Set the hard limit only (default is to set both hard and soft limits).
-.IP \fB\-S\fP
+.It Fl S
 Set the soft limit only (default is to set both hard and soft limits).
-.IP \fB\-c\fP
-Impose a size limit of \fIn\fP blocks on the size of core dumps.
-.IP \fB\-d\fP
-Impose a size limit of \fIn\fP kbytes on the size of the data area.
-.IP \fB\-f\fP
-Impose a size limit of \fIn\fP blocks on files written by the shell and
-its child processes (files of any size may be read).
-.IP \fB\-l\fP
-Impose a limit of \fIn\fP kbytes on the amount of locked (wired) physical
-memory.
-.IP \fB\-m\fP
-Impose a limit of \fIn\fP kbytes on the amount of physical memory used.
-.IP \fB\-n\fP
-Impose a limit of \fIn\fP file descriptors that can be open at once.
-.IP \fB\-p\fP
-Impose a limit of \fIn\fP processes that can be run by the user at any one
-time.
-.IP \fB\-s\fP
-Impose a size limit of \fIn\fP kbytes on the size of the stack area.
-.IP \fB\-t\fP
-Impose a time limit of \fIn\fP cpu seconds to be used by each process.
-.IP \fB\-v\fP
-Impose a limit of \fIn\fP kbytes on the amount of virtual memory used;
-on some systems this is the maximum allowable virtual address (in bytes,
-not kbytes).
-.IP \fB\-w\fP
-Impose a limit of \fIn\fP kbytes on the amount of swap space used.
-.PP
-As far as \fBulimit\fP is concerned, a block is 512 bytes.
-.RE
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  umask [-S] [mask]
-.IP "\fBumask\fP [\fB\-S\fP] [\fImask\fP]"
-.RS
-Display or set the file permission creation mask, or umask (see \fIumask\fP(2)).
-If the \fB\-S\fP option is used, the mask displayed or set is symbolic,
-otherwise it is an octal number.
-.sp
-Symbolic masks are like those used by \fIchmod\fP(1):
-.RS
-[\fBugoa\fP]{{\fB=+-\fP}{\fBrwx\fP}*}+[\fB,\fP...]
-.RE
-in which the first group of characters is the \fIwho\fP part, the second
-group is the \fIop\fP part, and the last group is the \fIperm\fP part.
-The \fIwho\fP part specifies which part of the umask is to be modified.
-The letters mean:
-.RS
-.IP \fBu\fP
-the user permissions
-.IP \fBg\fP
-the group permissions
-.IP \fBo\fP
-the other permissions (non-user, non-group)
-.IP \fBa\fP
-all permissions (user, group and other)
-.RE
-.sp
-The \fIop\fP part indicates how the \fIwho\fP permissions are to be modified:
-.RS
-.IP \fB=\fP
-set
-.IP \fB+\fP
-added to
-.IP \fB\-\fP
-removed from
-.RE
-.sp
-The \fIperm\fP part specifies which permissions are to be set, added or removed:
-.RS
-.IP \fBr\fP
-read permission
-.IP \fBw\fP
-write permission
-.IP \fBx\fP
-execute permission
-.RE
-.sp
-When symbolic masks are used, they describe what permissions may
-be made available (as opposed to octal masks in which a set bit means
-the corresponding bit is to be cleared).
-Example: `ug=rwx,o=' sets the mask so files will not be readable, writable
-or executable by `others', and is equivalent (on most systems) to the octal
-mask `07'.
-.RE
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  unalias [-adt] name ...
-.IP "\fBunalias\fP [\fB\-adt\fP] [\fIname1\fP ...]"
-The aliases for the given names are removed.
-If the \fB\-a\fP option is used, all aliases are removed.
-If the \fB\-t\fP or \fB\-d\fP options are used, the indicated operations
-are carried out on tracked or directory aliases, respectively.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  unset [-fv] parameter ...
-.IP "\fBunset\fP [\fB\-fv\fP] \fIparameter\fP ..."
-Unset the named parameters (\fB\-v\fP, the default) or functions (\fB\-f\fP).
-The exit status is non-zero if any of the parameters were already unset,
-zero otherwise.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  wait [job]
-.IP "\fBwait\fP [\fIjob\fP]"
-Wait for the specified job(s) to finish.
-The exit status of wait is that of the last specified job:
-if the last job is killed by a signal, the exit status is 128 + the
-number of the signal (see \fBkill \-l\fP \fIexit-status\fP above); if the last
-specified job can't be found (because it never existed, or had already
-finished), the exit status of wait is 127.
-See Job Control below for the format of \fIjob\fP.
-\fBWait\fP will return if a signal for which a trap has been set is received,
-or if a HUP, INT or QUIT signal is received.
-.sp
-If no jobs are specified, \fBwait\fP waits for all currently running jobs
-(if any) to finish and exits with a zero status.
-If job monitoring is enabled, the completion status of jobs is
-printed (this is not the case when jobs are explicitly specified).
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  whence [-pv] [name ...]
-.IP "\fBwhence\fP [\fB\-pv\fP] [name ...]"
-For each name, the type of command is listed (reserved word, built-in, alias,
-function, tracked alias or executable).
-If the \fB\-p\fP option is used, a path search done even if \fIname\fP
-is a reserved word, alias, \fIetc.\fP
-Without the \fB\-v\fP option, \fBwhence\fP is similar to \fBcommand \-v\fP
-except that \fBwhence\fP will find reserved words and won't print aliases
-as alias commands;
-with the \fB\-v\fP option, \fBwhence\fP is the same as \fBcommand \-V\fP.
-Note that for \fBwhence\fP, the \fB\-p\fP option does not affect the search
-path used, as it does for \fBcommand\fP.
-If the type of one or more of the names could not be determined, the
-exit status is non-zero.
-.\"}}}
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  job control (and its built-in commands)
-.SS "Job Control"
-Job control refers to the shell's ability to monitor and control \fBjobs\fP,
-which are processes or groups of processes created for commands or pipelines.
-At a minimum, the shell keeps track of the status of the background
-(\fIi.e.\fP, asynchronous) jobs that currently exist; this information can be
-displayed using the \fBjobs\fP command.
-If job control is fully enabled (using \fBset \-m\fP or
-\fBset \-o monitor\fP), as it is for interactive shells,
-the processes of a job are placed in their own process group,
-foreground jobs can be stopped by typing the suspend character from the
-terminal (normally ^Z),
-jobs can be restarted in either the foreground
-or background, using the \fBfg\fP and \fBbg\fP commands, respectively,
-and the state of the terminal is saved or restored when a foreground
+.It Fl c Ar n
+Impose a size limit of
+.Ar n
+blocks on the size of core dumps.
+.It Fl d Ar n
+Impose a size limit of
+.Ar n
+kilobytes on the size of the data area.
+.It Fl f Ar n
+Impose a size limit of
+.Ar n
+blocks on files written by the shell and its child processes (files of any
+size may be read).
+.It Fl l Ar n
+Impose a limit of
+.Ar n
+kilobytes on the amount of locked (wired) physical memory.
+.It Fl m Ar n
+Impose a limit of
+.Ar n
+kilobytes on the amount of physical memory used.
+.It Fl n Ar n
+Impose a limit of
+.Ar n
+file descriptors that can be open at once.
+.It Fl p Ar n
+Impose a limit of
+.Ar n
+processes that can be run by the user at any one time.
+.It Fl s Ar n
+Impose a size limit of
+.Ar n
+kilobytes on the size of the stack area.
+.It Fl t Ar n
+Impose a time limit of
+.Ar n
+CPU seconds to be used by each process.
+.It Fl v Ar n
+Impose a limit of
+.Ar n
+kbytes on the amount of virtual memory used; on some systems this is the
+maximum allowable virtual address (in bytes, not kbytes).
+.It Fl w Ar n
+Impose a limit of
+.Ar n
+kbytes on the amount of swap space used.
+.El
+.Pp
+As far as
+.Ic ulimit
+is concerned, a block is 512 bytes.
+.It Xo Ic umask Op Fl S
+.Op Ar mask
+.Xc
+Display or set the file permission creation mask, or umask (see
+.Xr umask 2 ) .
+If the
+.Fl S
+option is used, the mask displayed or set is symbolic, otherwise it is an
+octal number.
+.Pp
+Symbolic masks are like those used by
+.Xr chmod 1 .
+When used, they describe what permissions may be made available (as opposed to
+octal masks in which a set bit means the corresponding bit is to be cleared).
+For example,
+.Dq ug=rwx,o=
+sets the mask so files with not be readable, writable or executable by
+.Dq others ,
+and is equivalent (on most systems) to the octal mask
+.Dq 007 .
+.It Xo Ic unalias Op Fl adt
+.Op Ar name1 ...
+.Xc
+The aliases for the given names are removed. If the
+.Fl a
+option is used, all aliases are removed. If the
+.Fl t
+or
+.Fl d
+options are used, the indicated operations are carried out on tracked or
+directory aliases, respectively.
+.It Xo Ic unset Op Fl fv
+.Ar parameter ...
+.Xc
+Unset the named parameters
+.Po
+.Fl v ,
+the default
+.Pc
+or functions
+.Pq Fl f .
+The exit status is non-zero if any of the parameters were already unset, zero
+otherwise.
+.It Ic wait Op Ar job ...
+Wait for the specified job(s) to finish. The exit status of
+.Ic wait
+is that of the last specified job; if the last job is killed by a signal, the
+exit status is 128 + the number of the signal (see
+.Ic kill -l Ar exit-status
+above); if the last specified job can't be found (because it never existed, or
+had already finished), the exit status of
+.Ic wait
+is 127. See
+.Sx Job control
+below for the format of
+.Ar job .
+.Ic wait
+will return if a signal for which a trap has been set is received, or if a
+.Dv HUP ,
+.Dv INT
+or
+.Dv QUIT
+signal is received.
+.Pp
+If no jobs are specified,
+.Ic wait
+waits for all currently running jobs (if any) to finish and exits with a zero
+status. If job monitoring is enabled, the completion status of jobs is printed
+(this is not the case when jobs are explicitly specified).
+.It Xo Ic whence Op Fl pv
+.Op Ar name ...
+.Xc
+For each
+.Ar name ,
+the type of command is listed (reserved word, built-in, alias,
+function, tracked alias, or executable). If the
+.Fl p
+option is used, a path search is performed even if
+.Ar name
+is a reserved word, alias, etc. Without the
+.Fl v
+option,
+.Ic whence
+is similar to
+.Ic command Fl v
+except that
+.Ic whence
+will find reserved words and won't print aliases as alias commands. With the
+.Fl v
+option,
+.Ic whence
+is the same as
+.Ic command Fl V .
+Note that for
+.Ic whence ,
+the
+.Fl p
+option does not affect the search path used, as it does for
+.Ic command .
+If the type of one or more of the names could not be determined, the exit
+status is non-zero.
+.El
+.Ss Job control
+Job control refers to the shell's ability to monitor and control jobs, which
+are processes or groups of processes created for commands or pipelines. At a
+minimum, the shell keeps track of the status of the background (i.e.,
+asynchronous) jobs that currently exist; this information can be displayed
+using the
+.Ic jobs
+commands. If job control is fully enabled (using
+.Ic set Fl m
+or
+.Ic set Fl o Ic monitor ) ,
+as it is for interactive shells, the processes of a job are placed in their
+own process group. Foreground jobs can be stopped by typing the suspend
+character from the terminal (normally ^Z), jobs can be restarted in either the
+foreground or background using the
+.Ic fg
+and
+.Ic bg
+commands, and the state of the terminal is saved or restored when a foreground
 job is stopped or restarted, respectively.
-.sp
-Note that only commands that create processes (\fIe.g.\fP,
-asynchronous commands, subshell commands, and non-built-in,
-non-function commands) can be stopped; commands like \fBread\fP cannot be.
-.sp
-When a job is created, it is assigned a job-number.
-For interactive shells, this number is printed inside \fB[\fP..\fB]\fP,
-followed by the process-ids of the processes in the job when an asynchronous
-command is run.
-A job may be referred to in \fBbg\fP, \fBfg\fP, \fBjobs\fP, \fBkill\fP and
-\fBwait\fP commands either by the process id of the last process in the
-command pipeline (as stored in the \fB$!\fP parameter) or by prefixing the
-job-number with a percent sign (\fB%\fP).
+.Pp
+Note that only commands that create processes (e.g., asynchronous commands,
+subshell commands, and non-built-in, non-function commands) can be stopped;
+commands like
+.Ic read
+cannot be.
+.Pp
+When a job is created, it is assigned a job number. For interactive shells,
+this number is printed inside
+.Dq \&[..\&] ,
+followed by the process IDs of the processes in the job when an asynchronous
+command is run. A job may be referred to in
+.Ic bg ,
+.Ic fg ,
+.Ic jobs ,
+.Ic kill ,
+and
+.Ic wait
+commands either by the process ID of the last process in the command pipeline
+(as stored in the $! parameter) or by prefixing the job number with a percent
+sign
+.Pq Sq % .
 Other percent sequences can also be used to refer to jobs:
-.sp
-.TS
-expand;
-afB lw(4.5i).
-%+	T{
+.Bl -tag -width 10n
+.It Ic %\&+
 The most recently stopped job, or, if there are no stopped jobs, the oldest
 running job.
-T}
-%%\fR, \fP%	T{
-Same as \fB%+\fP.
-T}
-%\-	T{
-The job that would be the \fB%+\fP job, if the later did not exist.
-T}
-%\fIn\fP	T{
-The job with job-number \fIn\fP.
-T}
-%?\fIstring\fP	T{
-The job containing the string \fIstring\fP (an error occurs if multiple jobs
-are matched).
-T}
-%\fIstring\fP	T{
-The job starting with string \fIstring\fP (an error occurs if multiple jobs
-are matched).
-T}
-.TE
-.sp
-When a job changes state (\fIe.g.\fP, a background job finishes or foreground
-job is stopped), the shell prints the following status information:
-.RS
-\fB[\fP\fInumber\fP\fB]\fP \fIflag status command\fP
-.RE
+.It Ic %% , %
+Same as
+.Ic %\&+ .
+.It Ic %\&-
+The job that would be the
+.Ic %\&+
+job if the latter did not exist.
+.It Ic % Ns Ar n
+The job with job number
+.Ar n .
+.It Ic %\&? Ns Ar string
+The job containing the string
+.Ar string
+(an error occurs if multiple jobs are matched).
+.It Ic % Ns Ar string
+The job starting with string
+.Ar string
+(an error occurs if multiple jobs are matched).
+.El
+.Pp
+When a job changes state (e.g., a background job finishes or foreground job is
+stopped), the shell prints the following status information:
+.Pp
+.Ic \&[ Ar number Ic \&] Ar flag status command
+.Pp
 where
-.IP "\ \fInumber\fP"
-is the job-number of the job.
-.IP "\ \fIflag\fP"
-is \fB+\fP or \fB-\fP if the job is the \fB%+\fP or \fB%-\fP job,
-respectively, or space if it is neither.
-.IP "\ \fIstatus\fP"
-indicates the current state of the job and can be
-.RS
-.IP "\fBRunning\fP"
-the job has neither stopped or exited (note that running does not
-necessarily mean consuming CPU time \(em the process could be blocked waiting
-for some event).
-.IP "\fBDone\fP [\fB(\fP\fInumber\fP\fB)\fP]"
-the job exited. \fInumber\fP is the exit status of the job, which is
-omitted if the status is zero.
-.IP "\fBStopped\fP [\fB(\fP\fIsignal\fP\fB)\fP]"
-the job was stopped by the indicated \fIsignal\fP (if no signal is given,
-the job was stopped by SIGTSTP).
-.IP "\fIsignal-description\fP [\fB(core dumped)\fP]"
-the job was killed by a signal (\fIe.g.\fP, Memory\ fault,
-Hangup, \fIetc.\fP \(em use
-\fBkill \-l\fP for a list of signal descriptions).
-The \fB(core\ dumped)\fP message indicates the process created a core file.
-.RE
-.IP "\ \fIcommand\fP"
-is the command that created the process.
-If there are multiple processes in the job, then each process will
-have a line showing its \fIcommand\fP and possibly its \fIstatus\fP,
+.Bl -tag -width "status"
+.It Ar number
+is the job number of the job.
+.It Ar flag
+is the
+.Dq \&+
+or
+.Dq \&-
+character if the job is the
+.Ic %\&+ or
+.Ic %\&-
+job, respectively, or space if it is neither.
+.It Ar status
+indicates the current state of the job and can be:
+.Bl -tag -width "Running"
+.It Cm Running
+The job has neither stopped nor exited (note that running does not necessarily
+mean consuming CPU time -- the process could be blocked waiting for some
+event).
+.It Cm Done Op Ar number
+The job exited.
+.Ar number
+is the exit status of the job, which is omitted if the status is zero.
+.It Cm Stopped Op Ar signal
+The job was stopped by the indicated
+.Ar signal
+(if no signal is given, the job was stopped by
+.Dv SIGTSTP ) .
+.It Ar signal-description Op Dq core dumped
+The job was killed by a signal (e.g., memory fault, hangup, etc.; use
+.Ic kill -l
+for a list of signal descriptions). The
+.Dq core dumped
+message indicates the process created a core file.
+.El
+.It Ar command
+is the command that created the process. If there are multiple processes in
+the job, each process will have a line showing its
+.Ar command
+and possibly its
+.Ar status ,
 if it is different from the status of the previous process.
-.PP
-When an attempt is made to exit the shell while there are jobs in
-the stopped state, the shell warns the user that there are stopped jobs
-and does not exit.
-If another attempt is immediately made to exit the shell, the stopped
-jobs are sent a \fBHUP\fP signal and the shell exits.
-Similarly, if the \fBnohup\fP option is not set and there are running
-jobs when an attempt is made to exit a login shell, the shell warns the
-user and does not exit.
-If another attempt is immediately made to exit the shell, the running
-jobs are sent a \fBHUP\fP signal and the shell exits.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  Emacs Interactive Input Line Editing
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  Vi Interactive Input Line Editing
-.\"}}}
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  Files
-.SH FILES
-~/.profile
-.br
-/etc/profile
-.br
-/etc/suid_profile
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  Notes
-.SH NOTES
-Sh is implemented as a runtime option of pdksh, with only those ksh features
-whose syntax or semantics are incompatible with a traditional Bourne
-shell disabled.  Since this leaves some ksh extensions exposed, caution
-should be used where backwards compatibility with traditional Bourne or
-POSIX compliant shells is an issue.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  Bugs
-.SH BUGS
-Any bugs in pdksh should be reported to pdksh@cs.mun.ca.  Please
-include the version of pdksh (echo $KSH_VERSION shows it), the machine,
-operating system and compiler you are using and a description of how to
-repeat the bug (a small shell script that demonstrates the bug is
-best).  The following, if relevant (if you are not sure, include them),
-can also helpful: options you are using (both options.h options and set
-\-o options) and a copy of your config.h (the file generated by the
-configure script).  New versions of pdksh can be obtained from
-ftp://ftp.cs.mun.ca/pub/pdksh/.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  Authors
-.SH AUTHORS
+.El
+.Pp
+When an attempt is made to exit the shell while there are jobs in the stopped
+state, the shell warns the user that there are stopped jobs and does not exit.
+If another attempt is immediately made to exit the shell, the stopped jobs are
+sent a
+.Dv HUP
+signal and the shell exits. Similarly, if the
+.Ic nohup
+option is not set and there are running jobs when an attempt is made to exit
+a login shell, the shell warns the user and does not exit. If another attempt
+is immediately made to exit the shell, the running jobs are sent a
+.Dv HUP
+signal and the shell exits.
+.Sh FILES
+.Bl -tag -width "/etc/suid_profile" -compact
+.It Pa ~/.profile
+.It Pa /etc/profile
+.It Pa /etc/suid_profile
+.El
+.Sh SEE ALSO
+.Xr awk 1 ,
+.Xr csh 1 ,
+.Xr ed 1 ,
+.Xr getconf 1 ,
+.Xr getopt 1 ,
+.Xr ksh 1 ,
+.Xr sed 1 ,
+.Xr stty 1 ,
+.Xr vi 1 ,
+.Xr dup 2 ,
+.Xr execve 2 ,
+.Xr getgid 2 ,
+.Xr getuid 2 ,
+.Xr open 2 ,
+.Xr pipe 2 ,
+.Xr wait 2 ,
+.Xr getopt 3 ,
+.Xr rand 3 ,
+.Xr signal 3 ,
+.Xr system 3 ,
+.Xr environ 5
+.Pp
+.Rs
+.%A Morris Bolsky and David Korn
+.%T "The KornShell Command and Programming Language"
+.%D 1983
+.%O "ISBN 0-13-516972-0"
+.Re
+.Rs
+.%A Stephen G. Kochan and Patrick H. Wood
+.%T "UNIX Shell Programming"
+.%O "Hayden"
+.Re
+.Rs
+.%A "IEEE Inc."
+.%T "IEEE Standard for Information Technology - Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX) - Part 2: Shell and Utilities"
+.%D 1993
+.%O "ISBN 1-55937-266-9"
+.Re
+.Sh NOTES
+.Nm sh
+is implemented as a run-time option of
+.Nm pdksh ,
+with only those
+.Nm ksh
+features whose syntax or semantics are incompatible with a traditional Bourne
+shell disabled. Since this leaves some
+.Nm ksh
+extensions exposed, caution should be used where backwards compatibility with
+traditional Bourne or POSIX compliant shells is an issue.
+.Sh BUGS
+Any bugs in
+.Nm pdksh
+should be reported to pdksh@cs.mun.ca. Please include the version of
+.Nm pdksh
+.Po
+.Ic echo $KSH_VERSION
+shows it
+.Pc ,
+the machine, operating system and compiler you are using and a description of
+how to repeat the bug (a small shell script that demonstrates the bug is best).
+The following, if relevant (if you are not sure, include them), can also be
+helpful: options you are using (both
+.Pa options.h
+and
+.Ic set Fl o Ic options )
+and a copy of your
+.Pa config.h
+(the file generated by the
+.Pa configure
+script). New version of
+.Nm pdksh
+can be obtained from ftp://ftp.cs.mun.ca/pub/pdksh.
+.Sh AUTHORS
 This shell is based on the public domain 7th edition Bourne shell clone by
-Charles Forsyth and parts of the BRL shell by Doug A.\& Gwyn, Doug Kingston,
-Ron Natalie, Arnold Robbins, Lou Salkind and others.  The first release
-of pdksh was created by Eric Gisin, and it was subsequently maintained by
-John R.\& MacMillan (chance!john@sq.sq.com), and
-Simon J.\& Gerraty (sjg@zen.void.oz.au).  The current maintainer is
-Michael Rendell (michael@cs.mun.ca).
-The CONTRIBUTORS file in the source distribution contains a more complete
-list of people and their part in the shell's development.
-.\"}}}
-.\"{{{  See also
-.SH "SEE ALSO"
-awk(1), 
-ksh(1),
-csh(1), ed(1), getconf(1), getopt(1), sed(1), stty(1), vi(1),
-dup(2), execve(2), getgid(2), getuid(2), open(2), pipe(2), wait(2),
-getopt(3), rand(3), signal(3), system(3),
-environ(5)
-.PP
-.IR "The KornShell Command and Programming Language" ,
-Morris Bolsky and David Korn, 1989, ISBN 0-13-516972-0.
-.PP
-.\" XXX ISBN missing
-.IR "UNIX Shell Programming" ,
-Stephen G.\& Kochan, Patrick H.\& Wood, Hayden.
-.PP
-.IR "IEEE Standard for information Technology \- Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX) \- Part 2: Shell and Utilities" ,
-IEEE Inc, 1993, ISBN 1-55937-255-9.
-.\"}}}
+Charles Forsyth and parts of the BRL shell by Doug A. Gwyn, Doug Kingston,
+Ron Natalie, Arnold Robbins, Lou Salkind, and others. The first release of
+.Nm pdksh
+was created by Eric Gisin, and it was subsequently maintained by John R.
+MacMillan (change!john@sq.sq.com) and Simon J. Gerraty (sjg@zen.void.oz.au).
+The current maintainer is Michael Rendell (michael@cs.mun.ca). The
+.Pa CONTRIBUTORS
+file in the source distribution contains a more complete list of people and
+their part in the shell's development.