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+This is Info file INSTALL, produced by Makeinfo version 1.68 from the
+input file install1.texi.
+
+   This file documents the installation of the GNU compiler.  Copyright
+(C) 1988, 1989, 1992, 1994, 1995 Free Software Foundation, Inc.  You
+may copy, distribute, and modify it freely as long as you preserve this
+copyright notice and permission notice.
+
+
+File: INSTALL,  Node: Installation,  Up: (dir)
+
+Installing GNU CC
+*****************
+
+   Note most of this information is out of date and superceded by the
+EGCS install procedures.  It is provided for historical reference only.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* Configurations::    Configurations Supported by GNU CC.
+* Other Dir::     Compiling in a separate directory (not where the source is).
+* Cross-Compiler::   Building and installing a cross-compiler.
+* Sun Install::   See below for installation on the Sun.
+* VMS Install::   See below for installation on VMS.
+* Collect2::	  How `collect2' works; how it finds `ld'.
+* Header Dirs::   Understanding the standard header file directories.
+
+   Here is the procedure for installing GNU CC on a Unix system.  See
+*Note VMS Install::, for VMS systems.  In this section we assume you
+compile in the same directory that contains the source files; see *Note
+Other Dir::, to find out how to compile in a separate directory on Unix
+systems.
+
+   You cannot install GNU C by itself on MSDOS; it will not compile
+under any MSDOS compiler except itself.  You need to get the complete
+compilation package DJGPP, which includes binaries as well as sources,
+and includes all the necessary compilation tools and libraries.
+
+  1. If you have built GNU CC previously in the same directory for a
+     different target machine, do `make distclean' to delete all files
+     that might be invalid.  One of the files this deletes is
+     `Makefile'; if `make distclean' complains that `Makefile' does not
+     exist, it probably means that the directory is already suitably
+     clean.
+
+  2. On a System V release 4 system, make sure `/usr/bin' precedes
+     `/usr/ucb' in `PATH'.  The `cc' command in `/usr/ucb' uses
+     libraries which have bugs.
+
+  3. Specify the host, build and target machine configurations.  You do
+     this by running the file `configure'.
+
+     The "build" machine is the system which you are using, the "host"
+     machine is the system where you want to run the resulting compiler
+     (normally the build machine), and the "target" machine is the
+     system for which you want the compiler to generate code.
+
+     If you are building a compiler to produce code for the machine it
+     runs on (a native compiler), you normally do not need to specify
+     any operands to `configure'; it will try to guess the type of
+     machine you are on and use that as the build, host and target
+     machines.  So you don't need to specify a configuration when
+     building a native compiler unless `configure' cannot figure out
+     what your configuration is or guesses wrong.
+
+     In those cases, specify the build machine's "configuration name"
+     with the `--host' option; the host and target will default to be
+     the same as the host machine.  (If you are building a
+     cross-compiler, see *Note Cross-Compiler::.)
+
+     Here is an example:
+
+          ./configure --host=sparc-sun-sunos4.1
+
+     A configuration name may be canonical or it may be more or less
+     abbreviated.
+
+     A canonical configuration name has three parts, separated by
+     dashes.  It looks like this: `CPU-COMPANY-SYSTEM'.  (The three
+     parts may themselves contain dashes; `configure' can figure out
+     which dashes serve which purpose.)  For example,
+     `m68k-sun-sunos4.1' specifies a Sun 3.
+
+     You can also replace parts of the configuration by nicknames or
+     aliases.  For example, `sun3' stands for `m68k-sun', so
+     `sun3-sunos4.1' is another way to specify a Sun 3.  You can also
+     use simply `sun3-sunos', since the version of SunOS is assumed by
+     default to be version 4.
+
+     You can specify a version number after any of the system types,
+     and some of the CPU types.  In most cases, the version is
+     irrelevant, and will be ignored.  So you might as well specify the
+     version if you know it.
+
+     See *Note Configurations::, for a list of supported configuration
+     names and notes on many of the configurations.  You should check
+     the notes in that section before proceeding any further with the
+     installation of GNU CC.
+
+     There are four additional options you can specify independently to
+     describe variant hardware and software configurations.  These are
+     `--with-gnu-as', `--with-gnu-ld', `--with-stabs' and `--nfp'.
+
+    `--with-gnu-as'
+          If you will use GNU CC with the GNU assembler (GAS), you
+          should declare this by using the `--with-gnu-as' option when
+          you run `configure'.
+
+          Using this option does not install GAS.  It only modifies the
+          output of GNU CC to work with GAS.  Building and installing
+          GAS is up to you.
+
+          Conversely, if you *do not* wish to use GAS and do not specify
+          `--with-gnu-as' when building GNU CC, it is up to you to make
+          sure that GAS is not installed.  GNU CC searches for a
+          program named `as' in various directories; if the program it
+          finds is GAS, then it runs GAS.  If you are not sure where
+          GNU CC finds the assembler it is using, try specifying `-v'
+          when you run it.
+
+          The systems where it makes a difference whether you use GAS
+          are
+          `hppa1.0-ANY-ANY', `hppa1.1-ANY-ANY', `i386-ANY-sysv',
+          `i386-ANY-isc',
+          `i860-ANY-bsd', `m68k-bull-sysv',
+          `m68k-hp-hpux', `m68k-sony-bsd',
+          `m68k-altos-sysv', `m68000-hp-hpux',
+          `m68000-att-sysv', `ANY-lynx-lynxos', and `mips-ANY').  On
+          any other system, `--with-gnu-as' has no effect.
+
+          On the systems listed above (except for the HP-PA, for ISC on
+          the 386, and for `mips-sgi-irix5.*'), if you use GAS, you
+          should also use the GNU linker (and specify `--with-gnu-ld').
+
+    `--with-gnu-ld'
+          Specify the option `--with-gnu-ld' if you plan to use the GNU
+          linker with GNU CC.
+
+          This option does not cause the GNU linker to be installed; it
+          just modifies the behavior of GNU CC to work with the GNU
+          linker.
+
+    `--with-stabs'
+          On MIPS based systems and on Alphas, you must specify whether
+          you want GNU CC to create the normal ECOFF debugging format,
+          or to use BSD-style stabs passed through the ECOFF symbol
+          table.  The normal ECOFF debug format cannot fully handle
+          languages other than C.  BSD stabs format can handle other
+          languages, but it only works with the GNU debugger GDB.
+
+          Normally, GNU CC uses the ECOFF debugging format by default;
+          if you prefer BSD stabs, specify `--with-stabs' when you
+          configure GNU CC.
+
+          No matter which default you choose when you configure GNU CC,
+          the user can use the `-gcoff' and `-gstabs+' options to
+          specify explicitly the debug format for a particular
+          compilation.
+
+          `--with-stabs' is meaningful on the ISC system on the 386,
+          also, if `--with-gas' is used.  It selects use of stabs
+          debugging information embedded in COFF output.  This kind of
+          debugging information supports C++ well; ordinary COFF
+          debugging information does not.
+
+          `--with-stabs' is also meaningful on 386 systems running
+          SVR4.  It selects use of stabs debugging information embedded
+          in ELF output.  The C++ compiler currently (2.6.0) does not
+          support the DWARF debugging information normally used on 386
+          SVR4 platforms; stabs provide a workable alternative.  This
+          requires gas and gdb, as the normal SVR4 tools can not
+          generate or interpret stabs.
+
+    `--nfp'
+          On certain systems, you must specify whether the machine has
+          a floating point unit.  These systems include
+          `m68k-sun-sunosN' and `m68k-isi-bsd'.  On any other system,
+          `--nfp' currently has no effect, though perhaps there are
+          other systems where it could usefully make a difference.
+
+    `--enable-haifa'
+    `--disable-haifa'
+          Use `--enable-haifa' to enable use of an experimental
+          instruction scheduler (from IBM Haifa).  This may or may not
+          produce better code.  Some targets on which it is known to be
+          a win enable it by default; use `--disable-haifa' to disable
+          it in these cases.  `configure' will print out whether the
+          Haifa scheduler is enabled when it is run.
+
+    `--enable-threads=TYPE'
+          Certain systems, notably Linux-based GNU systems, can't be
+          relied on to supply a threads facility for the Objective C
+          runtime and so will default to single-threaded runtime.  They
+          may, however, have a library threads implementation
+          available, in which case threads can be enabled with this
+          option by supplying a suitable TYPE, probably `posix'.  The
+          possibilities for TYPE are `single', `posix', `win32',
+          `solaris', `irix' and `mach'.
+
+    `--enable-checking'
+          When you specify this option, the compiler is built to
+          perform checking of tree node types when referencing fields
+          of that node.  This does not change the generated code, but
+          adds error checking within the compiler.  This will slow down
+          the compiler and may only work properly if you are building
+          the compiler with GNU C.
+
+     The `configure' script searches subdirectories of the source
+     directory for other compilers that are to be integrated into GNU
+     CC.  The GNU compiler for C++, called G++ is in a subdirectory
+     named `cp'.  `configure' inserts rules into `Makefile' to build
+     all of those compilers.
+
+     Here we spell out what files will be set up by `configure'.
+     Normally you need not be concerned with these files.
+
+        * A file named `config.h' is created that contains a `#include'
+          of the top-level config file for the machine you will run the
+          compiler on (*note The Configuration File:
+          (gcc.info)Config.).  This file is responsible for defining
+          information about the host machine.  It includes `tm.h'.
+
+          The top-level config file is located in the subdirectory
+          `config'.  Its name is always `xm-SOMETHING.h'; usually
+          `xm-MACHINE.h', but there are some exceptions.
+
+          If your system does not support symbolic links, you might
+          want to set up `config.h' to contain a `#include' command
+          which refers to the appropriate file.
+
+        * A file named `tconfig.h' is created which includes the
+          top-level config file for your target machine.  This is used
+          for compiling certain programs to run on that machine.
+
+        * A file named `tm.h' is created which includes the
+          machine-description macro file for your target machine.  It
+          should be in the subdirectory `config' and its name is often
+          `MACHINE.h'.
+
+        * The command file `configure' also constructs the file
+          `Makefile' by adding some text to the template file
+          `Makefile.in'.  The additional text comes from files in the
+          `config' directory, named `t-TARGET' and `x-HOST'.  If these
+          files do not exist, it means nothing needs to be added for a
+          given target or host.
+
+  4. The standard directory for installing GNU CC is `/usr/local/lib'.
+     If you want to install its files somewhere else, specify
+     `--prefix=DIR' when you run `configure'.  Here DIR is a directory
+     name to use instead of `/usr/local' for all purposes with one
+     exception: the directory `/usr/local/include' is searched for
+     header files no matter where you install the compiler.  To override
+     this name, use the `--with-local-prefix' option below.  The
+     directory you specify need not exist, but its parent directory
+     must exist.
+
+  5. Specify `--with-local-prefix=DIR' if you want the compiler to
+     search directory `DIR/include' for locally installed header files
+     *instead* of `/usr/local/include'.
+
+     You should specify `--with-local-prefix' *only* if your site has a
+     different convention (not `/usr/local') for where to put
+     site-specific files.
+
+     The default value for `--with-local-prefix' is `/usr/local'
+     regardless of the value of `--prefix'.  Specifying `--prefix' has
+     no effect on which directory GNU CC searches for local header
+     files.  This may seem counterintuitive, but actually it is logical.
+
+     The purpose of `--prefix' is to specify where to *install GNU CC*.
+     The local header files in `/usr/local/include'--if you put any in
+     that directory--are not part of GNU CC.  They are part of other
+     programs--perhaps many others.  (GNU CC installs its own header
+     files in another directory which is based on the `--prefix' value.)
+
+     *Do not* specify `/usr' as the `--with-local-prefix'!  The
+     directory you use for `--with-local-prefix' *must not* contain any
+     of the system's standard header files.  If it did contain them,
+     certain programs would be miscompiled (including GNU Emacs, on
+     certain targets), because this would override and nullify the
+     header file corrections made by the `fixincludes' script.
+
+     Indications are that people who use this option use it based on
+     mistaken ideas of what it is for.  People use it as if it specified
+     where to install part of GNU CC.  Perhaps they make this assumption
+     because installing GNU CC creates the directory.
+
+  6. Make sure the Bison parser generator is installed.  (This is
+     unnecessary if the Bison output files `c-parse.c' and `cexp.c' are
+     more recent than `c-parse.y' and `cexp.y' and you do not plan to
+     change the `.y' files.)
+
+     Bison versions older than Sept 8, 1988 will produce incorrect
+     output for `c-parse.c'.
+
+  7. If you have chosen a configuration for GNU CC which requires other
+     GNU tools (such as GAS or the GNU linker) instead of the standard
+     system tools, install the required tools in the build directory
+     under the names `as', `ld' or whatever is appropriate.  This will
+     enable the compiler to find the proper tools for compilation of
+     the program `enquire'.
+
+     Alternatively, you can do subsequent compilation using a value of
+     the `PATH' environment variable such that the necessary GNU tools
+     come before the standard system tools.
+
+  8. Build the compiler.  Just type `make LANGUAGES=c' in the compiler
+     directory.
+
+     `LANGUAGES=c' specifies that only the C compiler should be
+     compiled.  The makefile normally builds compilers for all the
+     supported languages; currently, C, C++ and Objective C.  However,
+     C is the only language that is sure to work when you build with
+     other non-GNU C compilers.  In addition, building anything but C
+     at this stage is a waste of time.
+
+     In general, you can specify the languages to build by typing the
+     argument `LANGUAGES="LIST"', where LIST is one or more words from
+     the list `c', `c++', and `objective-c'.  If you have any
+     additional GNU compilers as subdirectories of the GNU CC source
+     directory, you may also specify their names in this list.
+
+     Ignore any warnings you may see about "statement not reached" in
+     `insn-emit.c'; they are normal.  Also, warnings about "unknown
+     escape sequence" are normal in `genopinit.c' and perhaps some
+     other files.  Likewise, you should ignore warnings about "constant
+     is so large that it is unsigned" in `insn-emit.c' and
+     `insn-recog.c', a warning about a comparison always being zero in
+     `enquire.o', and warnings about shift counts exceeding type widths
+     in `cexp.y'.  Any other compilation errors may represent bugs in
+     the port to your machine or operating system, and should be
+     investigated and reported.
+
+     Some commercial compilers fail to compile GNU CC because they have
+     bugs or limitations.  For example, the Microsoft compiler is said
+     to run out of macro space.  Some Ultrix compilers run out of
+     expression space; then you need to break up the statement where
+     the problem happens.
+
+  9. If you are building a cross-compiler, stop here.  *Note
+     Cross-Compiler::.
+
+ 10. Move the first-stage object files and executables into a
+     subdirectory with this command:
+
+          make stage1
+
+     The files are moved into a subdirectory named `stage1'.  Once
+     installation is complete, you may wish to delete these files with
+     `rm -r stage1'.
+
+ 11. If you have chosen a configuration for GNU CC which requires other
+     GNU tools (such as GAS or the GNU linker) instead of the standard
+     system tools, install the required tools in the `stage1'
+     subdirectory under the names `as', `ld' or whatever is
+     appropriate.  This will enable the stage 1 compiler to find the
+     proper tools in the following stage.
+
+     Alternatively, you can do subsequent compilation using a value of
+     the `PATH' environment variable such that the necessary GNU tools
+     come before the standard system tools.
+
+ 12. Recompile the compiler with itself, with this command:
+
+          make CC="stage1/xgcc -Bstage1/" CFLAGS="-g -O2"
+
+     This is called making the stage 2 compiler.
+
+     The command shown above builds compilers for all the supported
+     languages.  If you don't want them all, you can specify the
+     languages to build by typing the argument `LANGUAGES="LIST"'.  LIST
+     should contain one or more words from the list `c', `c++',
+     `objective-c', and `proto'.  Separate the words with spaces.
+     `proto' stands for the programs `protoize' and `unprotoize'; they
+     are not a separate language, but you use `LANGUAGES' to enable or
+     disable their installation.
+
+     If you are going to build the stage 3 compiler, then you might
+     want to build only the C language in stage 2.
+
+     Once you have built the stage 2 compiler, if you are short of disk
+     space, you can delete the subdirectory `stage1'.
+
+     On a 68000 or 68020 system lacking floating point hardware, unless
+     you have selected a `tm.h' file that expects by default that there
+     is no such hardware, do this instead:
+
+          make CC="stage1/xgcc -Bstage1/" CFLAGS="-g -O2 -msoft-float"
+
+ 13. If you wish to test the compiler by compiling it with itself one
+     more time, install any other necessary GNU tools (such as GAS or
+     the GNU linker) in the `stage2' subdirectory as you did in the
+     `stage1' subdirectory, then do this:
+
+          make stage2
+          make CC="stage2/xgcc -Bstage2/" CFLAGS="-g -O2"
+
+     This is called making the stage 3 compiler.  Aside from the `-B'
+     option, the compiler options should be the same as when you made
+     the stage 2 compiler.  But the `LANGUAGES' option need not be the
+     same.  The command shown above builds compilers for all the
+     supported languages; if you don't want them all, you can specify
+     the languages to build by typing the argument `LANGUAGES="LIST"',
+     as described above.
+
+     If you do not have to install any additional GNU tools, you may
+     use the command
+
+          make bootstrap LANGUAGES=LANGUAGE-LIST BOOT_CFLAGS=OPTION-LIST
+
+     instead of making `stage1', `stage2', and performing the two
+     compiler builds.
+
+ 14. Then compare the latest object files with the stage 2 object
+     files--they ought to be identical, aside from time stamps (if any).
+
+     On some systems, meaningful comparison of object files is
+     impossible; they always appear "different."  This is currently
+     true on Solaris and some systems that use ELF object file format.
+     On some versions of Irix on SGI machines and DEC Unix (OSF/1) on
+     Alpha systems, you will not be able to compare the files without
+     specifying `-save-temps'; see the description of individual
+     systems above to see if you get comparison failures.  You may have
+     similar problems on other systems.
+
+     Use this command to compare the files:
+
+          make compare
+
+     This will mention any object files that differ between stage 2 and
+     stage 3.  Any difference, no matter how innocuous, indicates that
+     the stage 2 compiler has compiled GNU CC incorrectly, and is
+     therefore a potentially serious bug which you should investigate
+     and report.
+
+     If your system does not put time stamps in the object files, then
+     this is a faster way to compare them (using the Bourne shell):
+
+          for file in *.o; do
+          cmp $file stage2/$file
+          done
+
+     If you have built the compiler with the `-mno-mips-tfile' option on
+     MIPS machines, you will not be able to compare the files.
+
+ 15. Install the compiler driver, the compiler's passes and run-time
+     support with `make install'.  Use the same value for `CC',
+     `CFLAGS' and `LANGUAGES' that you used when compiling the files
+     that are being installed.  One reason this is necessary is that
+     some versions of Make have bugs and recompile files gratuitously
+     when you do this step.  If you use the same variable values, those
+     files will be recompiled properly.
+
+     For example, if you have built the stage 2 compiler, you can use
+     the following command:
+
+          make install CC="stage2/xgcc -Bstage2/" CFLAGS="-g -O" LANGUAGES="LIST"
+
+     This copies the files `cc1', `cpp' and `libgcc.a' to files `cc1',
+     `cpp' and `libgcc.a' in the directory
+     `/usr/local/lib/gcc-lib/TARGET/VERSION', which is where the
+     compiler driver program looks for them.  Here TARGET is the
+     canonicalized form of target machine type specified when you ran
+     `configure', and VERSION is the version number of GNU CC.  This
+     naming scheme permits various versions and/or cross-compilers to
+     coexist.  It also copies the executables for compilers for other
+     languages (e.g., `cc1plus' for C++) to the same directory.
+
+     This also copies the driver program `xgcc' into
+     `/usr/local/bin/gcc', so that it appears in typical execution
+     search paths.  It also copies `gcc.1' into `/usr/local/man/man1'
+     and info pages into `/usr/local/info'.
+
+     On some systems, this command causes recompilation of some files.
+     This is usually due to bugs in `make'.  You should either ignore
+     this problem, or use GNU Make.
+
+     *Warning: there is a bug in `alloca' in the Sun library.  To avoid
+     this bug, be sure to install the executables of GNU CC that were
+     compiled by GNU CC.  (That is, the executables from stage 2 or 3,
+     not stage 1.)  They use `alloca' as a built-in function and never
+     the one in the library.*
+
+     (It is usually better to install GNU CC executables from stage 2
+     or 3, since they usually run faster than the ones compiled with
+     some other compiler.)
+
+ 16. If you're going to use C++, it's likely that you need to also
+     install a C++ runtime library.  Just as GNU C does not distribute
+     a C runtime library, it also does not include a C++ runtime
+     library.  All I/O functionality, special class libraries, etc., are
+     provided by the C++ runtime library.
+
+     The standard C++ runtime library for GNU CC is called `libstdc++'.
+     An obsolescent library `libg++' may also be available, but it's
+     necessary only for older software that hasn't been converted yet;
+     if you don't know whether you need `libg++' then you probably don't
+     need it.
+
+     Here's one way to build and install `libstdc++' for GNU CC:
+
+        * Build and install GNU CC, so that invoking `gcc' obtains the
+          GNU CC that was just built.
+
+        * Obtain a copy of a compatible `libstdc++' distribution.  For
+          example, the `libstdc++-2.8.0.tar.gz' distribution should be
+          compatible with GCC 2.8.0.  GCC distributors normally
+          distribute `libstdc++' as well.
+
+        * Set the `CXX' environment variable to `gcc' while running the
+          `libstdc++' distribution's `configure' command.  Use the same
+          `configure' options that you used when you invoked GCC's
+          `configure' command.
+
+        * Invoke `make' to build the C++ runtime.
+
+        * Invoke `make install' to install the C++ runtime.
+
+     To summarize, after building and installing GNU CC, invoke the
+     following shell commands in the topmost directory of the C++
+     library distribution.  For CONFIGURE-OPTIONS, use the same options
+     that you used to configure GNU CC.
+
+          $ CXX=gcc ./configure CONFIGURE-OPTIONS
+          $ make
+          $ make install
+
+ 17. GNU CC includes a runtime library for Objective-C because it is an
+     integral part of the language.  You can find the files associated
+     with the library in the subdirectory `objc'.  The GNU Objective-C
+     Runtime Library requires header files for the target's C library in
+     order to be compiled,and also requires the header files for the
+     target's thread library if you want thread support.  *Note
+     Cross-Compilers and Header Files: Cross Headers, for discussion
+     about header files issues for cross-compilation.
+
+     When you run `configure', it picks the appropriate Objective-C
+     thread implementation file for the target platform.  In some
+     situations, you may wish to choose a different back-end as some
+     platforms support multiple thread implementations or you may wish
+     to disable thread support completely.  You do this by specifying a
+     value for the OBJC_THREAD_FILE makefile variable on the command
+     line when you run make, for example:
+
+          make CC="stage2/xgcc -Bstage2/" CFLAGS="-g -O2" OBJC_THREAD_FILE=thr-single
+
+     Below is a list of the currently available back-ends.
+
+        * thr-single Disable thread support, should work for all
+          platforms.
+
+        * thr-decosf1 DEC OSF/1 thread support.
+
+        * thr-irix SGI IRIX thread support.
+
+        * thr-mach Generic MACH thread support, known to work on
+          NEXTSTEP.
+
+        * thr-os2 IBM OS/2 thread support.
+
+        * thr-posix Generix POSIX thread support.
+
+        * thr-pthreads PCThreads on Linux-based GNU systems.
+
+        * thr-solaris SUN Solaris thread support.
+
+        * thr-win32 Microsoft Win32 API thread support.
+
+
+File: INSTALL,  Node: Configurations,  Next: Other Dir,  Up: Installation
+
+Configurations Supported by GNU CC
+==================================
+
+   Here are the possible CPU types:
+
+     1750a, a29k, alpha, arm, cN, clipper, dsp16xx, elxsi, h8300,
+     hppa1.0, hppa1.1, i370, i386, i486, i586, i860, i960, m32r,
+     m68000, m68k, m88k, mips, mipsel, mips64, mips64el, ns32k,
+     powerpc, powerpcle, pyramid, romp, rs6000, sh, sparc, sparclite,
+     sparc64, vax, we32k.
+
+   Here are the recognized company names.  As you can see, customary
+abbreviations are used rather than the longer official names.
+
+     acorn, alliant, altos, apollo, apple, att, bull, cbm, convergent,
+     convex, crds, dec, dg, dolphin, elxsi, encore, harris, hitachi,
+     hp, ibm, intergraph, isi, mips, motorola, ncr, next, ns, omron,
+     plexus, sequent, sgi, sony, sun, tti, unicom, wrs.
+
+   The company name is meaningful only to disambiguate when the rest of
+the information supplied is insufficient.  You can omit it, writing
+just `CPU-SYSTEM', if it is not needed.  For example, `vax-ultrix4.2'
+is equivalent to `vax-dec-ultrix4.2'.
+
+   Here is a list of system types:
+
+     386bsd, aix, acis, amigaos, aos, aout, aux, bosx, bsd, clix, coff,
+     ctix, cxux, dgux, dynix, ebmon, ecoff, elf, esix, freebsd, hms,
+     genix, gnu, linux-gnu, hiux, hpux, iris, irix, isc, luna, lynxos,
+     mach, minix, msdos, mvs, netbsd, newsos, nindy, ns, osf, osfrose,
+     ptx, riscix, riscos, rtu, sco, sim, solaris, sunos, sym, sysv,
+     udi, ultrix, unicos, uniplus, unos, vms, vsta, vxworks, winnt,
+     xenix.
+
+You can omit the system type; then `configure' guesses the operating
+system from the CPU and company.
+
+   You can add a version number to the system type; this may or may not
+make a difference.  For example, you can write `bsd4.3' or `bsd4.4' to
+distinguish versions of BSD.  In practice, the version number is most
+needed for `sysv3' and `sysv4', which are often treated differently.
+
+   If you specify an impossible combination such as `i860-dg-vms', then
+you may get an error message from `configure', or it may ignore part of
+the information and do the best it can with the rest.  `configure'
+always prints the canonical name for the alternative that it used.  GNU
+CC does not support all possible alternatives.
+
+   Often a particular model of machine has a name.  Many machine names
+are recognized as aliases for CPU/company combinations.  Thus, the
+machine name `sun3', mentioned above, is an alias for `m68k-sun'.
+Sometimes we accept a company name as a machine name, when the name is
+popularly used for a particular machine.  Here is a table of the known
+machine names:
+
+     3300, 3b1, 3bN, 7300, altos3068, altos, apollo68, att-7300,
+     balance, convex-cN, crds, decstation-3100, decstation, delta,
+     encore, fx2800, gmicro, hp7NN, hp8NN, hp9k2NN, hp9k3NN, hp9k7NN,
+     hp9k8NN, iris4d, iris, isi68, m3230, magnum, merlin, miniframe,
+     mmax, news-3600, news800, news, next, pbd, pc532, pmax, powerpc,
+     powerpcle, ps2, risc-news, rtpc, sun2, sun386i, sun386, sun3,
+     sun4, symmetry, tower-32, tower.
+
+Remember that a machine name specifies both the cpu type and the company
+name.  If you want to install your own homemade configuration files,
+you can use `local' as the company name to access them.  If you use
+configuration `CPU-local', the configuration name without the cpu prefix
+is used to form the configuration file names.
+
+   Thus, if you specify `m68k-local', configuration uses files
+`m68k.md', `local.h', `m68k.c', `xm-local.h', `t-local', and `x-local',
+all in the directory `config/m68k'.
+
+   Here is a list of configurations that have special treatment or
+special things you must know:
+
+`1750a-*-*'
+     MIL-STD-1750A processors.
+
+     The MIL-STD-1750A cross configuration produces output for
+     `as1750', an assembler/linker available under the GNU Public
+     License for the 1750A. `as1750' can be obtained at
+     *ftp://ftp.fta-berlin.de/pub/crossgcc/1750gals/*.  A similarly
+     licensed simulator for the 1750A is available from same address.
+
+     You should ignore a fatal error during the building of libgcc
+     (libgcc is not yet implemented for the 1750A.)
+
+     The `as1750' assembler requires the file `ms1750.inc', which is
+     found in the directory `config/1750a'.
+
+     GNU CC produced the same sections as the Fairchild F9450 C
+     Compiler, namely:
+
+    `Normal'
+          The program code section.
+
+    `Static'
+          The read/write (RAM) data section.
+
+    `Konst'
+          The read-only (ROM) constants section.
+
+    `Init'
+          Initialization section (code to copy KREL to SREL).
+
+     The smallest addressable unit is 16 bits (BITS_PER_UNIT is 16).
+     This means that type `char' is represented with a 16-bit word per
+     character.  The 1750A's "Load/Store Upper/Lower Byte" instructions
+     are not used by GNU CC.
+
+`alpha-*-osf1'
+     Systems using processors that implement the DEC Alpha architecture
+     and are running the DEC Unix (OSF/1) operating system, for example
+     the DEC Alpha AXP systems.CC.)
+
+     GNU CC writes a `.verstamp' directive to the assembler output file
+     unless it is built as a cross-compiler.  It gets the version to
+     use from the system header file `/usr/include/stamp.h'.  If you
+     install a new version of DEC Unix, you should rebuild GCC to pick
+     up the new version stamp.
+
+     Note that since the Alpha is a 64-bit architecture,
+     cross-compilers from 32-bit machines will not generate code as
+     efficient as that generated when the compiler is running on a
+     64-bit machine because many optimizations that depend on being
+     able to represent a word on the target in an integral value on the
+     host cannot be performed.  Building cross-compilers on the Alpha
+     for 32-bit machines has only been tested in a few cases and may
+     not work properly.
+
+     `make compare' may fail on old versions of DEC Unix unless you add
+     `-save-temps' to `CFLAGS'.  On these systems, the name of the
+     assembler input file is stored in the object file, and that makes
+     comparison fail if it differs between the `stage1' and `stage2'
+     compilations.  The option `-save-temps' forces a fixed name to be
+     used for the assembler input file, instead of a randomly chosen
+     name in `/tmp'.  Do not add `-save-temps' unless the comparisons
+     fail without that option.  If you add `-save-temps', you will have
+     to manually delete the `.i' and `.s' files after each series of
+     compilations.
+
+     GNU CC now supports both the native (ECOFF) debugging format used
+     by DBX and GDB and an encapsulated STABS format for use only with
+     GDB.  See the discussion of the `--with-stabs' option of
+     `configure' above for more information on these formats and how to
+     select them.
+
+     There is a bug in DEC's assembler that produces incorrect line
+     numbers for ECOFF format when the `.align' directive is used.  To
+     work around this problem, GNU CC will not emit such alignment
+     directives while writing ECOFF format debugging information even
+     if optimization is being performed.  Unfortunately, this has the
+     very undesirable side-effect that code addresses when `-O' is
+     specified are different depending on whether or not `-g' is also
+     specified.
+
+     To avoid this behavior, specify `-gstabs+' and use GDB instead of
+     DBX.  DEC is now aware of this problem with the assembler and
+     hopes to provide a fix shortly.
+
+`arc-*-elf'
+     Argonaut ARC processor.  This configuration is intended for
+     embedded systems.
+
+`arm-*-aout'
+     Advanced RISC Machines ARM-family processors.  These are often
+     used in embedded applications.  There are no standard Unix
+     configurations.  This configuration corresponds to the basic
+     instruction sequences and will produce `a.out' format object
+     modules.
+
+     You may need to make a variant of the file `arm.h' for your
+     particular configuration.
+
+`arm-*-linuxaout'
+     Any of the ARM family processors running the Linux-based GNU
+     system with the `a.out' binary format (ELF is not yet supported).
+     You must use version 2.8.1.0.7 or later of the GNU/Linux binutils,
+     which you can download from `sunsite.unc.edu:/pub/Linux/GCC' and
+     other mirror sites for Linux-based GNU systems.
+
+`arm-*-riscix'
+     The ARM2 or ARM3 processor running RISC iX, Acorn's port of BSD
+     Unix.  If you are running a version of RISC iX prior to 1.2 then
+     you must specify the version number during configuration.  Note
+     that the assembler shipped with RISC iX does not support stabs
+     debugging information; a new version of the assembler, with stabs
+     support included, is now available from Acorn and via ftp
+     `ftp.acorn.com:/pub/riscix/as+xterm.tar.Z'.  To enable stabs
+     debugging, pass `--with-gnu-as' to configure.
+
+     You will need to install GNU `sed' before you can run configure.
+
+`a29k'
+     AMD Am29k-family processors.  These are normally used in embedded
+     applications.  There are no standard Unix configurations.  This
+     configuration corresponds to AMD's standard calling sequence and
+     binary interface and is compatible with other 29k tools.
+
+     You may need to make a variant of the file `a29k.h' for your
+     particular configuration.
+
+`a29k-*-bsd'
+     AMD Am29050 used in a system running a variant of BSD Unix.
+
+`decstation-*'
+     MIPS-based DECstations can support three different personalities:
+     Ultrix, DEC OSF/1, and OSF/rose.  (Alpha-based DECstation products
+     have a configuration name beginning with `alpha-dec'.)  To
+     configure GCC for these platforms use the following configurations:
+
+    `decstation-ultrix'
+          Ultrix configuration.
+
+    `decstation-osf1'
+          Dec's version of OSF/1.
+
+    `decstation-osfrose'
+          Open Software Foundation reference port of OSF/1 which uses
+          the OSF/rose object file format instead of ECOFF.  Normally,
+          you would not select this configuration.
+
+     The MIPS C compiler needs to be told to increase its table size
+     for switch statements with the `-Wf,-XNg1500' option in order to
+     compile `cp/parse.c'.  If you use the `-O2' optimization option,
+     you also need to use `-Olimit 3000'.  Both of these options are
+     automatically generated in the `Makefile' that the shell script
+     `configure' builds.  If you override the `CC' make variable and
+     use the MIPS compilers, you may need to add `-Wf,-XNg1500 -Olimit
+     3000'.
+
+`elxsi-elxsi-bsd'
+     The Elxsi's C compiler has known limitations that prevent it from
+     compiling GNU C.  Please contact `mrs@cygnus.com' for more details.
+
+`dsp16xx'
+     A port to the AT&T DSP1610 family of processors.
+
+`h8300-*-*'
+     Hitachi H8/300 series of processors.
+
+     The calling convention and structure layout has changed in release
+     2.6.  All code must be recompiled.  The calling convention now
+     passes the first three arguments in function calls in registers.
+     Structures are no longer a multiple of 2 bytes.
+
+`hppa*-*-*'
+     There are several variants of the HP-PA processor which run a
+     variety of operating systems.  GNU CC must be configured to use
+     the correct processor type and operating system, or GNU CC will
+     not function correctly.  The easiest way to handle this problem is
+     to *not* specify a target when configuring GNU CC, the `configure'
+     script will try to automatically determine the right processor
+     type and operating system.
+
+     `-g' does not work on HP-UX, since that system uses a peculiar
+     debugging format which GNU CC does not know about.  However, `-g'
+     will work if you also use GAS and GDB in conjunction with GCC.  We
+     highly recommend using GAS for all HP-PA configurations.
+
+     You should be using GAS-2.6 (or later) along with GDB-4.16 (or
+     later).  These can be retrieved from all the traditional GNU ftp
+     archive sites.
+
+     On some versions of HP-UX, you will need to install GNU `sed'.
+
+     You will need to be install GAS into a directory before `/bin',
+     `/usr/bin', and `/usr/ccs/bin' in your search path.  You should
+     install GAS before you build GNU CC.
+
+     To enable debugging, you must configure GNU CC with the
+     `--with-gnu-as' option before building.
+
+`i370-*-*'
+     This port is very preliminary and has many known bugs.  We hope to
+     have a higher-quality port for this machine soon.
+
+`i386-*-linux-gnuoldld'
+     Use this configuration to generate `a.out' binaries on Linux-based
+     GNU systems if you do not have gas/binutils version 2.5.2 or later
+     installed. This is an obsolete configuration.
+
+`i386-*-linux-gnuaout'
+     Use this configuration to generate `a.out' binaries on Linux-based
+     GNU systems. This configuration is being superseded. You must use
+     gas/binutils version 2.5.2 or later.
+
+`i386-*-linux-gnu'
+     Use this configuration to generate ELF binaries on Linux-based GNU
+     systems.  You must use gas/binutils version 2.5.2 or later.
+
+`i386-*-sco'
+     Compilation with RCC is recommended.  Also, it may be a good idea
+     to link with GNU malloc instead of the malloc that comes with the
+     system.
+
+`i386-*-sco3.2v4'
+     Use this configuration for SCO release 3.2 version 4.
+
+`i386-*-sco3.2v5*'
+     Use this for the SCO OpenServer Release family including 5.0.0,
+     5.0.2, 5.0.4, 5.0.5, Internet FastStart 1.0, and Internet
+     FastStart 1.1.
+
+     GNU CC can generate COFF binaries if you specify `-mcoff' or ELF
+     binaries, the default.    A full `make bootstrap' is recommended
+     so that an ELF compiler that builds ELF is generated.
+
+     You must have TLS597 from `ftp://ftp.sco.com/TLS' installed for ELF
+     C++ binaries to work correctly on releases before 5.0.4.
+
+     The native SCO assembler that is provided with the OS at no charge
+     is normally required.  If, however, you must be able to use the GNU
+     assembler (perhaps you have complex asms) you must configure this
+     package `--with-gnu-as'.  To do this, install (cp or symlink)
+     gcc/as to your copy of the GNU assembler.  You must use a recent
+     version of GNU binutils; version 2.9.1 seems to work well.  If you
+     select this option, you will be unable to build COFF images.
+     Trying to do so will result in non-obvious failures.  In general,
+     the "-with-gnu-as" option isn't as well tested as the native
+     assembler.
+
+     *NOTE:* If you are building C++, you must follow the instructions
+     about invoking `make bootstrap' because the native OpenServer
+     compiler may build a `cc1plus' that will not correctly parse many
+     valid C++ programs.  You must do a `make bootstrap' if you are
+     building with the native compiler.
+
+`i386-*-isc'
+     It may be a good idea to link with GNU malloc instead of the
+     malloc that comes with the system.
+
+     In ISC version 4.1, `sed' core dumps when building `deduced.h'.
+     Use the version of `sed' from version 4.0.
+
+`i386-*-esix'
+     It may be good idea to link with GNU malloc instead of the malloc
+     that comes with the system.
+
+`i386-ibm-aix'
+     You need to use GAS version 2.1 or later, and LD from GNU binutils
+     version 2.2 or later.
+
+`i386-sequent-bsd'
+     Go to the Berkeley universe before compiling.
+
+`i386-sequent-ptx1*'
+`i386-sequent-ptx2*'
+     You must install GNU `sed' before running `configure'.
+
+`i386-sun-sunos4'
+     You may find that you need another version of GNU CC to begin
+     bootstrapping with, since the current version when built with the
+     system's own compiler seems to get an infinite loop compiling part
+     of `libgcc2.c'.  GNU CC version 2 compiled with GNU CC (any
+     version) seems not to have this problem.
+
+     See *Note Sun Install::, for information on installing GNU CC on
+     Sun systems.
+
+`i[345]86-*-winnt3.5'
+     This version requires a GAS that has not yet been released.  Until
+     it is, you can get a prebuilt binary version via anonymous ftp from
+     `cs.washington.edu:pub/gnat' or `cs.nyu.edu:pub/gnat'. You must
+     also use the Microsoft header files from the Windows NT 3.5 SDK.
+     Find these on the CDROM in the `/mstools/h' directory dated
+     9/4/94.  You must use a fixed version of Microsoft linker made
+     especially for NT 3.5, which is also is available on the NT 3.5
+     SDK CDROM.  If you do not have this linker, can you also use the
+     linker from Visual C/C++ 1.0 or 2.0.
+
+     Installing GNU CC for NT builds a wrapper linker, called `ld.exe',
+     which mimics the behaviour of Unix `ld' in the specification of
+     libraries (`-L' and `-l').  `ld.exe' looks for both Unix and
+     Microsoft named libraries.  For example, if you specify `-lfoo',
+     `ld.exe' will look first for `libfoo.a' and then for `foo.lib'.
+
+     You may install GNU CC for Windows NT in one of two ways,
+     depending on whether or not you have a Unix-like shell and various
+     Unix-like utilities.
+
+       1. If you do not have a Unix-like shell and few Unix-like
+          utilities, you will use a DOS style batch script called
+          `configure.bat'.  Invoke it as `configure winnt' from an
+          MSDOS console window or from the program manager dialog box.
+          `configure.bat' assumes you have already installed and have
+          in your path a Unix-like `sed' program which is used to
+          create a working `Makefile' from `Makefile.in'.
+
+          `Makefile' uses the Microsoft Nmake program maintenance
+          utility and the Visual C/C++ V8.00 compiler to build GNU CC.
+          You need only have the utilities `sed' and `touch' to use
+          this installation method, which only automatically builds the
+          compiler itself.  You must then examine what `fixinc.winnt'
+          does, edit the header files by hand and build `libgcc.a'
+          manually.
+
+       2. The second type of installation assumes you are running a
+          Unix-like shell, have a complete suite of Unix-like utilities
+          in your path, and have a previous version of GNU CC already
+          installed, either through building it via the above
+          installation method or acquiring a pre-built binary.  In this
+          case, use the `configure' script in the normal fashion.
+
+`i860-intel-osf1'
+     This is the Paragon.  If you have version 1.0 of the operating
+     system, you need to take special steps to build GNU CC due to
+     peculiarities of the system.  Newer system versions have no
+     problem.  See the section `Installation Problems' in the GNU CC
+     Manual.
+
+`*-lynx-lynxos'
+     LynxOS 2.2 and earlier comes with GNU CC 1.x already installed as
+     `/bin/gcc'.  You should compile with this instead of `/bin/cc'.
+     You can tell GNU CC to use the GNU assembler and linker, by
+     specifying `--with-gnu-as --with-gnu-ld' when configuring.  These
+     will produce COFF format object files and executables;  otherwise
+     GNU CC will use the installed tools, which produce `a.out' format
+     executables.
+
+`m32r-*-elf'
+     Mitsubishi M32R processor.  This configuration is intended for
+     embedded systems.
+
+`m68000-hp-bsd'
+     HP 9000 series 200 running BSD.  Note that the C compiler that
+     comes with this system cannot compile GNU CC; contact
+     `law@cygnus.com' to get binaries of GNU CC for bootstrapping.
+
+`m68k-altos'
+     Altos 3068.  You must use the GNU assembler, linker and debugger.
+     Also, you must fix a kernel bug.  Details in the file
+     `README.ALTOS'.
+
+`m68k-apple-aux'
+     Apple Macintosh running A/UX.  You may configure GCC  to use
+     either the system assembler and linker or the GNU assembler and
+     linker.  You should use the GNU configuration if you can,
+     especially if you also want to use GNU C++.  You enabled that
+     configuration with + the `--with-gnu-as' and `--with-gnu-ld'
+     options to `configure'.
+
+     Note the C compiler that comes with this system cannot compile GNU
+     CC.  You can find binaries of GNU CC for bootstrapping on
+     `jagubox.gsfc.nasa.gov'.  You will also a patched version of
+     `/bin/ld' there that raises some of the arbitrary limits found in
+     the original.
+
+`m68k-att-sysv'
+     AT&T 3b1, a.k.a. 7300 PC.  Special procedures are needed to
+     compile GNU CC with this machine's standard C compiler, due to
+     bugs in that compiler.  You can bootstrap it more easily with
+     previous versions of GNU CC if you have them.
+
+     Installing GNU CC on the 3b1 is difficult if you do not already
+     have GNU CC running, due to bugs in the installed C compiler.
+     However, the following procedure might work.  We are unable to
+     test it.
+
+       1. Comment out the `#include "config.h"' line near the start of
+          `cccp.c' and do `make cpp'.  This makes a preliminary version
+          of GNU cpp.
+
+       2. Save the old `/lib/cpp' and copy the preliminary GNU cpp to
+          that file name.
+
+       3. Undo your change in `cccp.c', or reinstall the original
+          version, and do `make cpp' again.
+
+       4. Copy this final version of GNU cpp into `/lib/cpp'.
+
+       5. Replace every occurrence of `obstack_free' in the file
+          `tree.c' with `_obstack_free'.
+
+       6. Run `make' to get the first-stage GNU CC.
+
+       7. Reinstall the original version of `/lib/cpp'.
+
+       8. Now you can compile GNU CC with itself and install it in the
+          normal fashion.
+
+`m68k-bull-sysv'
+     Bull DPX/2 series 200 and 300 with BOS-2.00.45 up to BOS-2.01. GNU
+     CC works either with native assembler or GNU assembler. You can use
+     GNU assembler with native coff generation by providing
+     `--with-gnu-as' to the configure script or use GNU assembler with
+     dbx-in-coff encapsulation by providing `--with-gnu-as --stabs'.
+     For any problem with native assembler or for availability of the
+     DPX/2 port of GAS, contact `F.Pierresteguy@frcl.bull.fr'.
+
+`m68k-crds-unox'
+     Use `configure unos' for building on Unos.
+
+     The Unos assembler is named `casm' instead of `as'.  For some
+     strange reason linking `/bin/as' to `/bin/casm' changes the
+     behavior, and does not work.  So, when installing GNU CC, you
+     should install the following script as `as' in the subdirectory
+     where the passes of GCC are installed:
+
+          #!/bin/sh
+          casm $*
+
+     The default Unos library is named `libunos.a' instead of `libc.a'.
+     To allow GNU CC to function, either change all references to
+     `-lc' in `gcc.c' to `-lunos' or link `/lib/libc.a' to
+     `/lib/libunos.a'.
+
+     When compiling GNU CC with the standard compiler, to overcome bugs
+     in the support of `alloca', do not use `-O' when making stage 2.
+     Then use the stage 2 compiler with `-O' to make the stage 3
+     compiler.  This compiler will have the same characteristics as the
+     usual stage 2 compiler on other systems.  Use it to make a stage 4
+     compiler and compare that with stage 3 to verify proper
+     compilation.
+
+     (Perhaps simply defining `ALLOCA' in `x-crds' as described in the
+     comments there will make the above paragraph superfluous.  Please
+     inform us of whether this works.)
+
+     Unos uses memory segmentation instead of demand paging, so you
+     will need a lot of memory.  5 Mb is barely enough if no other
+     tasks are running.  If linking `cc1' fails, try putting the object
+     files into a library and linking from that library.
+
+`m68k-hp-hpux'
+     HP 9000 series 300 or 400 running HP-UX.  HP-UX version 8.0 has a
+     bug in the assembler that prevents compilation of GNU CC.  To fix
+     it, get patch PHCO_4484 from HP.
+
+     In addition, if you wish to use gas `--with-gnu-as' you must use
+     gas version 2.1 or later, and you must use the GNU linker version
+     2.1 or later.  Earlier versions of gas relied upon a program which
+     converted the gas output into the native HP-UX format, but that
+     program has not been kept up to date.  gdb does not understand
+     that native HP-UX format, so you must use gas if you wish to use
+     gdb.
+
+`m68k-sun'
+     Sun 3.  We do not provide a configuration file to use the Sun FPA
+     by default, because programs that establish signal handlers for
+     floating point traps inherently cannot work with the FPA.
+
+     See *Note Sun Install::, for information on installing GNU CC on
+     Sun systems.
+
+`m88k-*-svr3'
+     Motorola m88k running the AT&T/Unisoft/Motorola V.3 reference port.
+     These systems tend to use the Green Hills C, revision 1.8.5, as the
+     standard C compiler.  There are apparently bugs in this compiler
+     that result in object files differences between stage 2 and stage
+     3.  If this happens, make the stage 4 compiler and compare it to
+     the stage 3 compiler.  If the stage 3 and stage 4 object files are
+     identical, this suggests you encountered a problem with the
+     standard C compiler; the stage 3 and 4 compilers may be usable.
+
+     It is best, however, to use an older version of GNU CC for
+     bootstrapping if you have one.
+
+`m88k-*-dgux'
+     Motorola m88k running DG/UX.  To build 88open BCS native or cross
+     compilers on DG/UX, specify the configuration name as
+     `m88k-*-dguxbcs' and build in the 88open BCS software development
+     environment.  To build ELF native or cross compilers on DG/UX,
+     specify `m88k-*-dgux' and build in the DG/UX ELF development
+     environment.  You set the software development environment by
+     issuing `sde-target' command and specifying either `m88kbcs' or
+     `m88kdguxelf' as the operand.
+
+     If you do not specify a configuration name, `configure' guesses the
+     configuration based on the current software development
+     environment.
+
+`m88k-tektronix-sysv3'
+     Tektronix XD88 running UTekV 3.2e.  Do not turn on optimization
+     while building stage1 if you bootstrap with the buggy Green Hills
+     compiler.  Also, The bundled LAI System V NFS is buggy so if you
+     build in an NFS mounted directory, start from a fresh reboot, or
+     avoid NFS all together.  Otherwise you may have trouble getting
+     clean comparisons between stages.
+
+`mips-mips-bsd'
+     MIPS machines running the MIPS operating system in BSD mode.  It's
+     possible that some old versions of the system lack the functions
+     `memcpy', `memcmp', and `memset'.  If your system lacks these, you
+     must remove or undo the definition of `TARGET_MEM_FUNCTIONS' in
+     `mips-bsd.h'.
+
+     The MIPS C compiler needs to be told to increase its table size
+     for switch statements with the `-Wf,-XNg1500' option in order to
+     compile `cp/parse.c'.  If you use the `-O2' optimization option,
+     you also need to use `-Olimit 3000'.  Both of these options are
+     automatically generated in the `Makefile' that the shell script
+     `configure' builds.  If you override the `CC' make variable and
+     use the MIPS compilers, you may need to add `-Wf,-XNg1500 -Olimit
+     3000'.
+
+`mips-mips-riscos*'
+     The MIPS C compiler needs to be told to increase its table size
+     for switch statements with the `-Wf,-XNg1500' option in order to
+     compile `cp/parse.c'.  If you use the `-O2' optimization option,
+     you also need to use `-Olimit 3000'.  Both of these options are
+     automatically generated in the `Makefile' that the shell script
+     `configure' builds.  If you override the `CC' make variable and
+     use the MIPS compilers, you may need to add `-Wf,-XNg1500 -Olimit
+     3000'.
+
+     MIPS computers running RISC-OS can support four different
+     personalities: default, BSD 4.3, System V.3, and System V.4 (older
+     versions of RISC-OS don't support V.4).  To configure GCC for
+     these platforms use the following configurations:
+
+    `mips-mips-riscos`rev''
+          Default configuration for RISC-OS, revision `rev'.
+
+    `mips-mips-riscos`rev'bsd'
+          BSD 4.3 configuration for RISC-OS, revision `rev'.
+
+    `mips-mips-riscos`rev'sysv4'
+          System V.4 configuration for RISC-OS, revision `rev'.
+
+    `mips-mips-riscos`rev'sysv'
+          System V.3 configuration for RISC-OS, revision `rev'.
+
+     The revision `rev' mentioned above is the revision of RISC-OS to
+     use.  You must reconfigure GCC when going from a RISC-OS revision
+     4 to RISC-OS revision 5.  This has the effect of avoiding a linker
+     bug.
+
+`mips-sgi-*'
+     In order to compile GCC on an SGI running IRIX 4, the "c.hdr.lib"
+     option must be installed from the CD-ROM supplied from Silicon
+     Graphics.  This is found on the 2nd CD in release 4.0.1.
+
+     In order to compile GCC on an SGI running IRIX 5, the
+     "compiler_dev.hdr" subsystem must be installed from the IDO CD-ROM
+     supplied by Silicon Graphics.
+
+     `make compare' may fail on version 5 of IRIX unless you add
+     `-save-temps' to `CFLAGS'.  On these systems, the name of the
+     assembler input file is stored in the object file, and that makes
+     comparison fail if it differs between the `stage1' and `stage2'
+     compilations.  The option `-save-temps' forces a fixed name to be
+     used for the assembler input file, instead of a randomly chosen
+     name in `/tmp'.  Do not add `-save-temps' unless the comparisons
+     fail without that option.  If you do you `-save-temps', you will
+     have to manually delete the `.i' and `.s' files after each series
+     of compilations.
+
+     The MIPS C compiler needs to be told to increase its table size
+     for switch statements with the `-Wf,-XNg1500' option in order to
+     compile `cp/parse.c'.  If you use the `-O2' optimization option,
+     you also need to use `-Olimit 3000'.  Both of these options are
+     automatically generated in the `Makefile' that the shell script
+     `configure' builds.  If you override the `CC' make variable and
+     use the MIPS compilers, you may need to add `-Wf,-XNg1500 -Olimit
+     3000'.
+
+     On Irix version 4.0.5F, and perhaps on some other versions as well,
+     there is an assembler bug that reorders instructions incorrectly.
+     To work around it, specify the target configuration
+     `mips-sgi-irix4loser'.  This configuration inhibits assembler
+     optimization.
+
+     In a compiler configured with target `mips-sgi-irix4', you can turn
+     off assembler optimization by using the `-noasmopt' option.  This
+     compiler option passes the option `-O0' to the assembler, to
+     inhibit reordering.
+
+     The `-noasmopt' option can be useful for testing whether a problem
+     is due to erroneous assembler reordering.  Even if a problem does
+     not go away with `-noasmopt', it may still be due to assembler
+     reordering--perhaps GNU CC itself was miscompiled as a result.
+
+     To enable debugging under Irix 5, you must use GNU as 2.5 or later,
+     and use the `--with-gnu-as' configure option when configuring gcc.
+     GNU as is distributed as part of the binutils package.
+
+`mips-sony-sysv'
+     Sony MIPS NEWS.  This works in NEWSOS 5.0.1, but not in 5.0.2
+     (which uses ELF instead of COFF).  Support for 5.0.2 will probably
+     be provided soon by volunteers.  In particular, the linker does
+     not like the code generated by GCC when shared libraries are
+     linked in.
+
+`ns32k-encore'
+     Encore ns32000 system.  Encore systems are supported only under
+     BSD.
+
+`ns32k-*-genix'
+     National Semiconductor ns32000 system.  Genix has bugs in `alloca'
+     and `malloc'; you must get the compiled versions of these from GNU
+     Emacs.
+
+`ns32k-sequent'
+     Go to the Berkeley universe before compiling.
+
+`ns32k-utek'
+     UTEK ns32000 system ("merlin").  The C compiler that comes with
+     this system cannot compile GNU CC; contact `tektronix!reed!mason'
+     to get binaries of GNU CC for bootstrapping.
+
+`romp-*-aos'
+`romp-*-mach'
+     The only operating systems supported for the IBM RT PC are AOS and
+     MACH.  GNU CC does not support AIX running on the RT.  We
+     recommend you compile GNU CC with an earlier version of itself; if
+     you compile GNU CC with `hc', the Metaware compiler, it will work,
+     but you will get mismatches between the stage 2 and stage 3
+     compilers in various files.  These errors are minor differences in
+     some floating-point constants and can be safely ignored; the stage
+     3 compiler is correct.
+
+`rs6000-*-aix'
+`powerpc-*-aix'
+     Various early versions of each release of the IBM XLC compiler
+     will not bootstrap GNU CC.  Symptoms include differences between
+     the stage2 and stage3 object files, and errors when compiling
+     `libgcc.a' or `enquire'.  Known problematic releases include:
+     xlc-1.2.1.8, xlc-1.3.0.0 (distributed with AIX 3.2.5), and
+     xlc-1.3.0.19.  Both xlc-1.2.1.28 and xlc-1.3.0.24 (PTF 432238) are
+     known to produce working versions of GNU CC, but most other recent
+     releases correctly bootstrap GNU CC.
+
+     Release 4.3.0 of AIX and ones prior to AIX 3.2.4 include a version
+     of the IBM assembler which does not accept debugging directives:
+     assembler updates are available as PTFs.  Also, if you are using
+     AIX 3.2.5 or greater and the GNU assembler, you must have a
+     version modified after October 16th, 1995 in order for the GNU C
+     compiler to build.  See the file `README.RS6000' for more details
+     on any of these problems.
+
+     GNU CC does not yet support the 64-bit PowerPC instructions.
+
+     Objective C does not work on this architecture because it makes
+     assumptions that are incompatible with the calling conventions.
+
+     AIX on the RS/6000 provides support (NLS) for environments outside
+     of the United States.  Compilers and assemblers use NLS to support
+     locale-specific representations of various objects including
+     floating-point numbers ("." vs "," for separating decimal
+     fractions).  There have been problems reported where the library
+     linked with GNU CC does not produce the same floating-point
+     formats that the assembler accepts.  If you have this problem, set
+     the LANG environment variable to "C" or "En_US".
+
+     Due to changes in the way that GNU CC invokes the binder (linker)
+     for AIX 4.1, you may now receive warnings of duplicate symbols
+     from the link step that were not reported before.  The assembly
+     files generated by GNU CC for AIX have always included multiple
+     symbol definitions for certain global variable and function
+     declarations in the original program.  The warnings should not
+     prevent the linker from producing a correct library or runnable
+     executable.
+
+     By default, AIX 4.1 produces code that can be used on either Power
+     or PowerPC processors.
+
+     You can specify a default version for the `-mcpu='CPU_TYPE switch
+     by using the configure option `--with-cpu-'CPU_TYPE.
+
+`powerpc-*-elf'
+`powerpc-*-sysv4'
+     PowerPC system in big endian mode, running System V.4.
+
+     You can specify a default version for the `-mcpu='CPU_TYPE switch
+     by using the configure option `--with-cpu-'CPU_TYPE.
+
+`powerpc-*-linux-gnu'
+     PowerPC system in big endian mode, running the Linux-based GNU
+     system.
+
+     You can specify a default version for the `-mcpu='CPU_TYPE switch
+     by using the configure option `--with-cpu-'CPU_TYPE.
+
+`powerpc-*-eabiaix'
+     Embedded PowerPC system in big endian mode with -mcall-aix
+     selected as the default.
+
+     You can specify a default version for the `-mcpu='CPU_TYPE switch
+     by using the configure option `--with-cpu-'CPU_TYPE.
+
+`powerpc-*-eabisim'
+     Embedded PowerPC system in big endian mode for use in running
+     under the PSIM simulator.
+
+     You can specify a default version for the `-mcpu='CPU_TYPE switch
+     by using the configure option `--with-cpu-'CPU_TYPE.
+
+`powerpc-*-eabi'
+     Embedded PowerPC system in big endian mode.
+
+     You can specify a default version for the `-mcpu='CPU_TYPE switch
+     by using the configure option `--with-cpu-'CPU_TYPE.
+
+`powerpcle-*-elf'
+`powerpcle-*-sysv4'
+     PowerPC system in little endian mode, running System V.4.
+
+     You can specify a default version for the `-mcpu='CPU_TYPE switch
+     by using the configure option `--with-cpu-'CPU_TYPE.
+
+`powerpcle-*-solaris2*'
+     PowerPC system in little endian mode, running Solaris 2.5.1 or
+     higher.
+
+     You can specify a default version for the `-mcpu='CPU_TYPE switch
+     by using the configure option `--with-cpu-'CPU_TYPE.  Beta
+     versions of the Sun 4.0 compiler do not seem to be able to build
+     GNU CC correctly.  There are also problems with the host assembler
+     and linker that are fixed by using the GNU versions of these tools.
+
+`powerpcle-*-eabisim'
+     Embedded PowerPC system in little endian mode for use in running
+     under the PSIM simulator.
+
+`powerpcle-*-eabi'
+     Embedded PowerPC system in little endian mode.
+
+     You can specify a default version for the `-mcpu='CPU_TYPE switch
+     by using the configure option `--with-cpu-'CPU_TYPE.
+
+`powerpcle-*-winnt'
+`powerpcle-*-pe'
+     PowerPC system in little endian mode running Windows NT.
+
+     You can specify a default version for the `-mcpu='CPU_TYPE switch
+     by using the configure option `--with-cpu-'CPU_TYPE.
+
+`vax-dec-ultrix'
+     Don't try compiling with Vax C (`vcc').  It produces incorrect code
+     in some cases (for example, when `alloca' is used).
+
+     Meanwhile, compiling `cp/parse.c' with pcc does not work because of
+     an internal table size limitation in that compiler.  To avoid this
+     problem, compile just the GNU C compiler first, and use it to
+     recompile building all the languages that you want to run.
+
+`sparc-sun-*'
+     See *Note Sun Install::, for information on installing GNU CC on
+     Sun systems.
+
+`vax-dec-vms'
+     See *Note VMS Install::, for details on how to install GNU CC on
+     VMS.
+
+`we32k-*-*'
+     These computers are also known as the 3b2, 3b5, 3b20 and other
+     similar names.  (However, the 3b1 is actually a 68000; see *Note
+     Configurations::.)
+
+     Don't use `-g' when compiling with the system's compiler.  The
+     system's linker seems to be unable to handle such a large program
+     with debugging information.
+
+     The system's compiler runs out of capacity when compiling `stmt.c'
+     in GNU CC.  You can work around this by building `cpp' in GNU CC
+     first, then use that instead of the system's preprocessor with the
+     system's C compiler to compile `stmt.c'.  Here is how:
+
+          mv /lib/cpp /lib/cpp.att
+          cp cpp /lib/cpp.gnu
+          echo '/lib/cpp.gnu -traditional ${1+"$@"}' > /lib/cpp
+          chmod +x /lib/cpp
+
+     The system's compiler produces bad code for some of the GNU CC
+     optimization files.  So you must build the stage 2 compiler without
+     optimization.  Then build a stage 3 compiler with optimization.
+     That executable should work.  Here are the necessary commands:
+
+          make LANGUAGES=c CC=stage1/xgcc CFLAGS="-Bstage1/ -g"
+          make stage2
+          make CC=stage2/xgcc CFLAGS="-Bstage2/ -g -O"
+
+     You may need to raise the ULIMIT setting to build a C++ compiler,
+     as the file `cc1plus' is larger than one megabyte.
+
+
+File: INSTALL,  Node: Other Dir,  Next: Cross-Compiler,  Prev: Configurations,  Up: Installation
+
+Compilation in a Separate Directory
+===================================
+
+   If you wish to build the object files and executables in a directory
+other than the one containing the source files, here is what you must
+do differently:
+
+  1. Make sure you have a version of Make that supports the `VPATH'
+     feature.  (GNU Make supports it, as do Make versions on most BSD
+     systems.)
+
+  2. If you have ever run `configure' in the source directory, you must
+     undo the configuration.  Do this by running:
+
+          make distclean
+
+  3. Go to the directory in which you want to build the compiler before
+     running `configure':
+
+          mkdir gcc-sun3
+          cd gcc-sun3
+
+     On systems that do not support symbolic links, this directory must
+     be on the same file system as the source code directory.
+
+  4. Specify where to find `configure' when you run it:
+
+          ../gcc/configure ...
+
+     This also tells `configure' where to find the compiler sources;
+     `configure' takes the directory from the file name that was used to
+     invoke it.  But if you want to be sure, you can specify the source
+     directory with the `--srcdir' option, like this:
+
+          ../gcc/configure --srcdir=../gcc OTHER OPTIONS
+
+     The directory you specify with `--srcdir' need not be the same as
+     the one that `configure' is found in.
+
+   Now, you can run `make' in that directory.  You need not repeat the
+configuration steps shown above, when ordinary source files change.  You
+must, however, run `configure' again when the configuration files
+change, if your system does not support symbolic links.
+
+
+File: INSTALL,  Node: Cross-Compiler,  Next: Sun Install,  Prev: Other Dir,  Up: Installation
+
+Building and Installing a Cross-Compiler
+========================================
+
+   GNU CC can function as a cross-compiler for many machines, but not
+all.
+
+   * Cross-compilers for the Mips as target using the Mips assembler
+     currently do not work, because the auxiliary programs
+     `mips-tdump.c' and `mips-tfile.c' can't be compiled on anything
+     but a Mips.  It does work to cross compile for a Mips if you use
+     the GNU assembler and linker.
+
+   * Cross-compilers between machines with different floating point
+     formats have not all been made to work.  GNU CC now has a floating
+     point emulator with which these can work, but each target machine
+     description needs to be updated to take advantage of it.
+
+   * Cross-compilation between machines of different word sizes is
+     somewhat problematic and sometimes does not work.
+
+   Since GNU CC generates assembler code, you probably need a
+cross-assembler that GNU CC can run, in order to produce object files.
+If you want to link on other than the target machine, you need a
+cross-linker as well.  You also need header files and libraries suitable
+for the target machine that you can install on the host machine.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* Steps of Cross::      Using a cross-compiler involves several steps
+                          that may be carried out on different machines.
+* Configure Cross::     Configuring a cross-compiler.
+* Tools and Libraries:: Where to put the linker and assembler, and the C library.
+* Cross Headers::       Finding and installing header files
+                          for a cross-compiler.
+* Cross Runtime::       Supplying arithmetic runtime routines (`libgcc1.a').
+* Build Cross::         Actually compiling the cross-compiler.
+
+
+File: INSTALL,  Node: Steps of Cross,  Next: Configure Cross,  Up: Cross-Compiler
+
+Steps of Cross-Compilation
+--------------------------
+
+   To compile and run a program using a cross-compiler involves several
+steps:
+
+   * Run the cross-compiler on the host machine to produce assembler
+     files for the target machine.  This requires header files for the
+     target machine.
+
+   * Assemble the files produced by the cross-compiler.  You can do this
+     either with an assembler on the target machine, or with a
+     cross-assembler on the host machine.
+
+   * Link those files to make an executable.  You can do this either
+     with a linker on the target machine, or with a cross-linker on the
+     host machine.  Whichever machine you use, you need libraries and
+     certain startup files (typically `crt....o') for the target
+     machine.
+
+   It is most convenient to do all of these steps on the same host
+machine, since then you can do it all with a single invocation of GNU
+CC.  This requires a suitable cross-assembler and cross-linker.  For
+some targets, the GNU assembler and linker are available.
+
+
+File: INSTALL,  Node: Configure Cross,  Next: Tools and Libraries,  Prev: Steps of Cross,  Up: Cross-Compiler
+
+Configuring a Cross-Compiler
+----------------------------
+
+   To build GNU CC as a cross-compiler, you start out by running
+`configure'.  Use the `--target=TARGET' to specify the target type.  If
+`configure' was unable to correctly identify the system you are running
+on, also specify the `--build=BUILD' option.  For example, here is how
+to configure for a cross-compiler that produces code for an HP 68030
+system running BSD on a system that `configure' can correctly identify:
+
+     ./configure --target=m68k-hp-bsd4.3
+
+
+File: INSTALL,  Node: Tools and Libraries,  Next: Cross Headers,  Prev: Configure Cross,  Up: Cross-Compiler
+
+Tools and Libraries for a Cross-Compiler
+----------------------------------------
+
+   If you have a cross-assembler and cross-linker available, you should
+install them now.  Put them in the directory `/usr/local/TARGET/bin'.
+Here is a table of the tools you should put in this directory:
+
+`as'
+     This should be the cross-assembler.
+
+`ld'
+     This should be the cross-linker.
+
+`ar'
+     This should be the cross-archiver: a program which can manipulate
+     archive files (linker libraries) in the target machine's format.
+
+`ranlib'
+     This should be a program to construct a symbol table in an archive
+     file.
+
+   The installation of GNU CC will find these programs in that
+directory, and copy or link them to the proper place to for the
+cross-compiler to find them when run later.
+
+   The easiest way to provide these files is to build the Binutils
+package and GAS.  Configure them with the same `--host' and `--target'
+options that you use for configuring GNU CC, then build and install
+them.  They install their executables automatically into the proper
+directory.  Alas, they do not support all the targets that GNU CC
+supports.
+
+   If you want to install libraries to use with the cross-compiler,
+such as a standard C library, put them in the directory
+`/usr/local/TARGET/lib'; installation of GNU CC copies all the files in
+that subdirectory into the proper place for GNU CC to find them and
+link with them.  Here's an example of copying some libraries from a
+target machine:
+
+     ftp TARGET-MACHINE
+     lcd /usr/local/TARGET/lib
+     cd /lib
+     get libc.a
+     cd /usr/lib
+     get libg.a
+     get libm.a
+     quit
+
+The precise set of libraries you'll need, and their locations on the
+target machine, vary depending on its operating system.
+
+   Many targets require "start files" such as `crt0.o' and `crtn.o'
+which are linked into each executable; these too should be placed in
+`/usr/local/TARGET/lib'.  There may be several alternatives for
+`crt0.o', for use with profiling or other compilation options.  Check
+your target's definition of `STARTFILE_SPEC' to find out what start
+files it uses.  Here's an example of copying these files from a target
+machine:
+
+     ftp TARGET-MACHINE
+     lcd /usr/local/TARGET/lib
+     prompt
+     cd /lib
+     mget *crt*.o
+     cd /usr/lib
+     mget *crt*.o
+     quit
+
+
+File: INSTALL,  Node: Cross Runtime,  Next: Build Cross,  Prev: Cross Headers,  Up: Cross-Compiler
+
+`libgcc.a' and Cross-Compilers
+------------------------------
+
+   Code compiled by GNU CC uses certain runtime support functions
+implicitly.  Some of these functions can be compiled successfully with
+GNU CC itself, but a few cannot be.  These problem functions are in the
+source file `libgcc1.c'; the library made from them is called
+`libgcc1.a'.
+
+   When you build a native compiler, these functions are compiled with
+some other compiler-the one that you use for bootstrapping GNU CC.
+Presumably it knows how to open code these operations, or else knows how
+to call the run-time emulation facilities that the machine comes with.
+But this approach doesn't work for building a cross-compiler.  The
+compiler that you use for building knows about the host system, not the
+target system.
+
+   So, when you build a cross-compiler you have to supply a suitable
+library `libgcc1.a' that does the job it is expected to do.
+
+   To compile `libgcc1.c' with the cross-compiler itself does not work.
+The functions in this file are supposed to implement arithmetic
+operations that GNU CC does not know how to open code for your target
+machine.  If these functions are compiled with GNU CC itself, they will
+compile into infinite recursion.
+
+   On any given target, most of these functions are not needed.  If GNU
+CC can open code an arithmetic operation, it will not call these
+functions to perform the operation.  It is possible that on your target
+machine, none of these functions is needed.  If so, you can supply an
+empty library as `libgcc1.a'.
+
+   Many targets need library support only for multiplication and
+division.  If you are linking with a library that contains functions for
+multiplication and division, you can tell GNU CC to call them directly
+by defining the macros `MULSI3_LIBCALL', and the like.  These macros
+need to be defined in the target description macro file.  For some
+targets, they are defined already.  This may be sufficient to avoid the
+need for libgcc1.a; if so, you can supply an empty library.
+
+   Some targets do not have floating point instructions; they need other
+functions in `libgcc1.a', which do floating arithmetic.  Recent
+versions of GNU CC have a file which emulates floating point.  With a
+certain amount of work, you should be able to construct a floating
+point emulator that can be used as `libgcc1.a'.  Perhaps future
+versions will contain code to do this automatically and conveniently.
+That depends on whether someone wants to implement it.
+
+   Some embedded targets come with all the necessary `libgcc1.a'
+routines written in C or assembler.  These targets build `libgcc1.a'
+automatically and you do not need to do anything special for them.
+Other embedded targets do not need any `libgcc1.a' routines since all
+the necessary operations are supported by the hardware.
+
+   If your target system has another C compiler, you can configure GNU
+CC as a native compiler on that machine, build just `libgcc1.a' with
+`make libgcc1.a' on that machine, and use the resulting file with the
+cross-compiler.  To do this, execute the following on the target
+machine:
+
+     cd TARGET-BUILD-DIR
+     ./configure --host=sparc --target=sun3
+     make libgcc1.a
+
+And then this on the host machine:
+
+     ftp TARGET-MACHINE
+     binary
+     cd TARGET-BUILD-DIR
+     get libgcc1.a
+     quit
+
+   Another way to provide the functions you need in `libgcc1.a' is to
+define the appropriate `perform_...' macros for those functions.  If
+these definitions do not use the C arithmetic operators that they are
+meant to implement, you should be able to compile them with the
+cross-compiler you are building.  (If these definitions already exist
+for your target file, then you are all set.)
+
+   To build `libgcc1.a' using the perform macros, use
+`LIBGCC1=libgcc1.a OLDCC=./xgcc' when building the compiler.
+Otherwise, you should place your replacement library under the name
+`libgcc1.a' in the directory in which you will build the
+cross-compiler, before you run `make'.
+
+
+File: INSTALL,  Node: Cross Headers,  Next: Cross Runtime,  Prev: Tools and Libraries,  Up: Cross-Compiler
+
+Cross-Compilers and Header Files
+--------------------------------
+
+   If you are cross-compiling a standalone program or a program for an
+embedded system, then you may not need any header files except the few
+that are part of GNU CC (and those of your program).  However, if you
+intend to link your program with a standard C library such as `libc.a',
+then you probably need to compile with the header files that go with
+the library you use.
+
+   The GNU C compiler does not come with these files, because (1) they
+are system-specific, and (2) they belong in a C library, not in a
+compiler.
+
+   If the GNU C library supports your target machine, then you can get
+the header files from there (assuming you actually use the GNU library
+when you link your program).
+
+   If your target machine comes with a C compiler, it probably comes
+with suitable header files also.  If you make these files accessible
+from the host machine, the cross-compiler can use them also.
+
+   Otherwise, you're on your own in finding header files to use when
+cross-compiling.
+
+   When you have found suitable header files, put them in the directory
+`/usr/local/TARGET/include', before building the cross compiler.  Then
+installation will run fixincludes properly and install the corrected
+versions of the header files where the compiler will use them.
+
+   Provide the header files before you build the cross-compiler, because
+the build stage actually runs the cross-compiler to produce parts of
+`libgcc.a'.  (These are the parts that *can* be compiled with GNU CC.)
+Some of them need suitable header files.
+
+   Here's an example showing how to copy the header files from a target
+machine.  On the target machine, do this:
+
+     (cd /usr/include; tar cf - .) > tarfile
+
+   Then, on the host machine, do this:
+
+     ftp TARGET-MACHINE
+     lcd /usr/local/TARGET/include
+     get tarfile
+     quit
+     tar xf tarfile
+
+
+File: INSTALL,  Node: Build Cross,  Prev: Cross Runtime,  Up: Cross-Compiler
+
+Actually Building the Cross-Compiler
+------------------------------------
+
+   Now you can proceed just as for compiling a single-machine compiler
+through the step of building stage 1.  If you have not provided some
+sort of `libgcc1.a', then compilation will give up at the point where
+it needs that file, printing a suitable error message.  If you do
+provide `libgcc1.a', then building the compiler will automatically
+compile and link a test program called `libgcc1-test'; if you get
+errors in the linking, it means that not all of the necessary routines
+in `libgcc1.a' are available.
+
+   You must provide the header file `float.h'.  One way to do this is
+to compile `enquire' and run it on your target machine.  The job of
+`enquire' is to run on the target machine and figure out by experiment
+the nature of its floating point representation.  `enquire' records its
+findings in the header file `float.h'.  If you can't produce this file
+by running `enquire' on the target machine, then you will need to come
+up with a suitable `float.h' in some other way (or else, avoid using it
+in your programs).
+
+   Do not try to build stage 2 for a cross-compiler.  It doesn't work to
+rebuild GNU CC as a cross-compiler using the cross-compiler, because
+that would produce a program that runs on the target machine, not on the
+host.  For example, if you compile a 386-to-68030 cross-compiler with
+itself, the result will not be right either for the 386 (because it was
+compiled into 68030 code) or for the 68030 (because it was configured
+for a 386 as the host).  If you want to compile GNU CC into 68030 code,
+whether you compile it on a 68030 or with a cross-compiler on a 386, you
+must specify a 68030 as the host when you configure it.
+
+   To install the cross-compiler, use `make install', as usual.
+
+
+File: INSTALL,  Node: Sun Install,  Next: VMS Install,  Prev: Cross-Compiler,  Up: Installation
+
+Installing GNU CC on the Sun
+============================
+
+   On Solaris, do not use the linker or other tools in `/usr/ucb' to
+build GNU CC.  Use `/usr/ccs/bin'.
+
+   If the assembler reports `Error: misaligned data' when bootstrapping,
+you are probably using an obsolete version of the GNU assembler.
+Upgrade to the latest version of GNU `binutils', or use the Solaris
+assembler.
+
+   Make sure the environment variable `FLOAT_OPTION' is not set when
+you compile `libgcc.a'.  If this option were set to `f68881' when
+`libgcc.a' is compiled, the resulting code would demand to be linked
+with a special startup file and would not link properly without special
+pains.
+
+   There is a bug in `alloca' in certain versions of the Sun library.
+To avoid this bug, install the binaries of GNU CC that were compiled by
+GNU CC.  They use `alloca' as a built-in function and never the one in
+the library.
+
+   Some versions of the Sun compiler crash when compiling GNU CC.  The
+problem is a segmentation fault in cpp.  This problem seems to be due to
+the bulk of data in the environment variables.  You may be able to avoid
+it by using the following command to compile GNU CC with Sun CC:
+
+     make CC="TERMCAP=x OBJS=x LIBFUNCS=x STAGESTUFF=x cc"
+
+   SunOS 4.1.3 and 4.1.3_U1 have bugs that can cause intermittent core
+dumps when compiling GNU CC.  A common symptom is an internal compiler
+error which does not recur if you run it again.  To fix the problem,
+install Sun recommended patch 100726 (for SunOS 4.1.3) or 101508 (for
+SunOS 4.1.3_U1), or upgrade to a later SunOS release.
+
+
+File: INSTALL,  Node: VMS Install,  Next: Collect2,  Prev: Sun Install,  Up: Installation
+
+Installing GNU CC on VMS
+========================
+
+   The VMS version of GNU CC is distributed in a backup saveset
+containing both source code and precompiled binaries.
+
+   To install the `gcc' command so you can use the compiler easily, in
+the same manner as you use the VMS C compiler, you must install the VMS
+CLD file for GNU CC as follows:
+
+  1. Define the VMS logical names `GNU_CC' and `GNU_CC_INCLUDE' to
+     point to the directories where the GNU CC executables
+     (`gcc-cpp.exe', `gcc-cc1.exe', etc.) and the C include files are
+     kept respectively.  This should be done with the commands:
+
+          $ assign /system /translation=concealed -
+            disk:[gcc.] gnu_cc
+          $ assign /system /translation=concealed -
+            disk:[gcc.include.] gnu_cc_include
+
+     with the appropriate disk and directory names.  These commands can
+     be placed in your system startup file so they will be executed
+     whenever the machine is rebooted.  You may, if you choose, do this
+     via the `GCC_INSTALL.COM' script in the `[GCC]' directory.
+
+  2. Install the `GCC' command with the command line:
+
+          $ set command /table=sys$common:[syslib]dcltables -
+            /output=sys$common:[syslib]dcltables gnu_cc:[000000]gcc
+          $ install replace sys$common:[syslib]dcltables
+
+  3. To install the help file, do the following:
+
+          $ library/help sys$library:helplib.hlb gcc.hlp
+
+     Now you can invoke the compiler with a command like `gcc /verbose
+     file.c', which is equivalent to the command `gcc -v -c file.c' in
+     Unix.
+
+   If you wish to use GNU C++ you must first install GNU CC, and then
+perform the following steps:
+
+  1. Define the VMS logical name `GNU_GXX_INCLUDE' to point to the
+     directory where the preprocessor will search for the C++ header
+     files.  This can be done with the command:
+
+          $ assign /system /translation=concealed -
+            disk:[gcc.gxx_include.] gnu_gxx_include
+
+     with the appropriate disk and directory name.  If you are going to
+     be using a C++ runtime library, this is where its install
+     procedure will install its header files.
+
+  2. Obtain the file `gcc-cc1plus.exe', and place this in the same
+     directory that `gcc-cc1.exe' is kept.
+
+     The GNU C++ compiler can be invoked with a command like `gcc /plus
+     /verbose file.cc', which is equivalent to the command `g++ -v -c
+     file.cc' in Unix.
+
+   We try to put corresponding binaries and sources on the VMS
+distribution tape.  But sometimes the binaries will be from an older
+version than the sources, because we don't always have time to update
+them.  (Use the `/version' option to determine the version number of
+the binaries and compare it with the source file `version.c' to tell
+whether this is so.)  In this case, you should use the binaries you get
+to recompile the sources.  If you must recompile, here is how:
+
+  1. Execute the command procedure `vmsconfig.com' to set up the files
+     `tm.h', `config.h', `aux-output.c', and `md.', and to create files
+     `tconfig.h' and `hconfig.h'.  This procedure also creates several
+     linker option files used by `make-cc1.com' and a data file used by
+     `make-l2.com'.
+
+          $ @vmsconfig.com
+
+  2. Setup the logical names and command tables as defined above.  In
+     addition, define the VMS logical name `GNU_BISON' to point at the
+     to the directories where the Bison executable is kept.  This
+     should be done with the command:
+
+          $ assign /system /translation=concealed -
+            disk:[bison.] gnu_bison
+
+     You may, if you choose, use the `INSTALL_BISON.COM' script in the
+     `[BISON]' directory.
+
+  3. Install the `BISON' command with the command line:
+
+          $ set command /table=sys$common:[syslib]dcltables -
+            /output=sys$common:[syslib]dcltables -
+            gnu_bison:[000000]bison
+          $ install replace sys$common:[syslib]dcltables
+
+  4. Type `@make-gcc' to recompile everything (alternatively, submit
+     the file `make-gcc.com' to a batch queue).  If you wish to build
+     the GNU C++ compiler as well as the GNU CC compiler, you must
+     first edit `make-gcc.com' and follow the instructions that appear
+     in the comments.
+
+  5. In order to use GCC, you need a library of functions which GCC
+     compiled code will call to perform certain tasks, and these
+     functions are defined in the file `libgcc2.c'.  To compile this
+     you should use the command procedure `make-l2.com', which will
+     generate the library `libgcc2.olb'.  `libgcc2.olb' should be built
+     using the compiler built from the same distribution that
+     `libgcc2.c' came from, and `make-gcc.com' will automatically do
+     all of this for you.
+
+     To install the library, use the following commands:
+
+          $ library gnu_cc:[000000]gcclib/delete=(new,eprintf)
+          $ library gnu_cc:[000000]gcclib/delete=L_*
+          $ library libgcc2/extract=*/output=libgcc2.obj
+          $ library gnu_cc:[000000]gcclib libgcc2.obj
+
+     The first command simply removes old modules that will be replaced
+     with modules from `libgcc2' under different module names.  The
+     modules `new' and `eprintf' may not actually be present in your
+     `gcclib.olb'--if the VMS librarian complains about those modules
+     not being present, simply ignore the message and continue on with
+     the next command.  The second command removes the modules that
+     came from the previous version of the library `libgcc2.c'.
+
+     Whenever you update the compiler on your system, you should also
+     update the library with the above procedure.
+
+  6. You may wish to build GCC in such a way that no files are written
+     to the directory where the source files reside.  An example would
+     be the when the source files are on a read-only disk.  In these
+     cases, execute the following DCL commands (substituting your
+     actual path names):
+
+          $ assign dua0:[gcc.build_dir.]/translation=concealed, -
+                   dua1:[gcc.source_dir.]/translation=concealed  gcc_build
+          $ set default gcc_build:[000000]
+
+     where the directory `dua1:[gcc.source_dir]' contains the source
+     code, and the directory `dua0:[gcc.build_dir]' is meant to contain
+     all of the generated object files and executables.  Once you have
+     done this, you can proceed building GCC as described above.  (Keep
+     in mind that `gcc_build' is a rooted logical name, and thus the
+     device names in each element of the search list must be an actual
+     physical device name rather than another rooted logical name).
+
+  7. *If you are building GNU CC with a previous version of GNU CC, you
+     also should check to see that you have the newest version of the
+     assembler*.  In particular, GNU CC version 2 treats global constant
+     variables slightly differently from GNU CC version 1, and GAS
+     version 1.38.1 does not have the patches required to work with GCC
+     version 2.  If you use GAS 1.38.1, then `extern const' variables
+     will not have the read-only bit set, and the linker will generate
+     warning messages about mismatched psect attributes for these
+     variables.  These warning messages are merely a nuisance, and can
+     safely be ignored.
+
+     If you are compiling with a version of GNU CC older than 1.33,
+     specify `/DEFINE=("inline=")' as an option in all the
+     compilations.  This requires editing all the `gcc' commands in
+     `make-cc1.com'.  (The older versions had problems supporting
+     `inline'.)  Once you have a working 1.33 or newer GNU CC, you can
+     change this file back.
+
+  8. If you want to build GNU CC with the VAX C compiler, you will need
+     to make minor changes in `make-cccp.com' and `make-cc1.com' to
+     choose alternate definitions of `CC', `CFLAGS', and `LIBS'.  See
+     comments in those files.  However, you must also have a working
+     version of the GNU assembler (GNU as, aka GAS) as it is used as
+     the back-end for GNU CC to produce binary object modules and is
+     not included in the GNU CC sources.  GAS is also needed to compile
+     `libgcc2' in order to build `gcclib' (see above); `make-l2.com'
+     expects to be able to find it operational in
+     `gnu_cc:[000000]gnu-as.exe'.
+
+     To use GNU CC on VMS, you need the VMS driver programs `gcc.exe',
+     `gcc.com', and `gcc.cld'.  They are distributed with the VMS
+     binaries (`gcc-vms') rather than the GNU CC sources.  GAS is also
+     included in `gcc-vms', as is Bison.
+
+     Once you have successfully built GNU CC with VAX C, you should use
+     the resulting compiler to rebuild itself.  Before doing this, be
+     sure to restore the `CC', `CFLAGS', and `LIBS' definitions in
+     `make-cccp.com' and `make-cc1.com'.  The second generation
+     compiler will be able to take advantage of many optimizations that
+     must be suppressed when building with other compilers.
+
+   Under previous versions of GNU CC, the generated code would
+occasionally give strange results when linked with the sharable
+`VAXCRTL' library.  Now this should work.
+
+   Even with this version, however, GNU CC itself should not be linked
+with the sharable `VAXCRTL'.  The version of `qsort' in `VAXCRTL' has a
+bug (known to be present in VMS versions V4.6 through V5.5) which
+causes the compiler to fail.
+
+   The executables are generated by `make-cc1.com' and `make-cccp.com'
+use the object library version of `VAXCRTL' in order to make use of the
+`qsort' routine in `gcclib.olb'.  If you wish to link the compiler
+executables with the shareable image version of `VAXCRTL', you should
+edit the file `tm.h' (created by `vmsconfig.com') to define the macro
+`QSORT_WORKAROUND'.
+
+   `QSORT_WORKAROUND' is always defined when GNU CC is compiled with
+VAX C, to avoid a problem in case `gcclib.olb' is not yet available.
+
+
+File: INSTALL,  Node: Collect2,  Next: Header Dirs,  Prev: VMS Install,  Up: Installation
+
+`collect2'
+==========
+
+   GNU CC uses a utility called `collect2' on nearly all systems to
+arrange to call various initialization functions at start time.
+
+   The program `collect2' works by linking the program once and looking
+through the linker output file for symbols with particular names
+indicating they are constructor functions.  If it finds any, it creates
+a new temporary `.c' file containing a table of them, compiles it, and
+links the program a second time including that file.
+
+   The actual calls to the constructors are carried out by a subroutine
+called `__main', which is called (automatically) at the beginning of
+the body of `main' (provided `main' was compiled with GNU CC).  Calling
+`__main' is necessary, even when compiling C code, to allow linking C
+and C++ object code together.  (If you use `-nostdlib', you get an
+unresolved reference to `__main', since it's defined in the standard
+GCC library.  Include `-lgcc' at the end of your compiler command line
+to resolve this reference.)
+
+   The program `collect2' is installed as `ld' in the directory where
+the passes of the compiler are installed.  When `collect2' needs to
+find the *real* `ld', it tries the following file names:
+
+   * `real-ld' in the directories listed in the compiler's search
+     directories.
+
+   * `real-ld' in the directories listed in the environment variable
+     `PATH'.
+
+   * The file specified in the `REAL_LD_FILE_NAME' configuration macro,
+     if specified.
+
+   * `ld' in the compiler's search directories, except that `collect2'
+     will not execute itself recursively.
+
+   * `ld' in `PATH'.
+
+   "The compiler's search directories" means all the directories where
+`gcc' searches for passes of the compiler.  This includes directories
+that you specify with `-B'.
+
+   Cross-compilers search a little differently:
+
+   * `real-ld' in the compiler's search directories.
+
+   * `TARGET-real-ld' in `PATH'.
+
+   * The file specified in the `REAL_LD_FILE_NAME' configuration macro,
+     if specified.
+
+   * `ld' in the compiler's search directories.
+
+   * `TARGET-ld' in `PATH'.
+
+   `collect2' explicitly avoids running `ld' using the file name under
+which `collect2' itself was invoked.  In fact, it remembers up a list
+of such names--in case one copy of `collect2' finds another copy (or
+version) of `collect2' installed as `ld' in a second place in the
+search path.
+
+   `collect2' searches for the utilities `nm' and `strip' using the
+same algorithm as above for `ld'.
+
+
+File: INSTALL,  Node: Header Dirs,  Prev: Collect2,  Up: Installation
+
+Standard Header File Directories
+================================
+
+   `GCC_INCLUDE_DIR' means the same thing for native and cross.  It is
+where GNU CC stores its private include files, and also where GNU CC
+stores the fixed include files.  A cross compiled GNU CC runs
+`fixincludes' on the header files in `$(tooldir)/include'.  (If the
+cross compilation header files need to be fixed, they must be installed
+before GNU CC is built.  If the cross compilation header files are
+already suitable for ANSI C and GNU CC, nothing special need be done).
+
+   `GPLUS_INCLUDE_DIR' means the same thing for native and cross.  It
+is where `g++' looks first for header files.  The C++ library installs
+only target independent header files in that directory.
+
+   `LOCAL_INCLUDE_DIR' is used only for a native compiler.  It is
+normally `/usr/local/include'.  GNU CC searches this directory so that
+users can install header files in `/usr/local/include'.
+
+   `CROSS_INCLUDE_DIR' is used only for a cross compiler.  GNU CC
+doesn't install anything there.
+
+   `TOOL_INCLUDE_DIR' is used for both native and cross compilers.  It
+is the place for other packages to install header files that GNU CC will
+use.  For a cross-compiler, this is the equivalent of `/usr/include'.
+When you build a cross-compiler, `fixincludes' processes any header
+files in this directory.
+
+
+
+Tag Table:
+Node: Installation351
+Node: Configurations26618
+Node: Other Dir65739
+Node: Cross-Compiler67454
+Node: Steps of Cross69284
+Node: Configure Cross70401
+Node: Tools and Libraries71037
+Node: Cross Runtime73475
+Node: Cross Headers77555
+Node: Build Cross79553
+Node: Sun Install81428
+Node: VMS Install83099
+Node: Collect293028
+Node: Header Dirs95592
+
+End Tag Table