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+.TH CPIO 1L \" -*- nroff -*-
+.SH NAME
+cpio \- copy files to and from archives
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B cpio
+{\-o|\-\-create} [\-0acvABLV] [\-C bytes] [\-H format] [\-M message]
+[\-O [[user@]host:]archive] [\-F [[user@]host:]archive]
+[\-\-file=[[user@]host:]archive] [\-\-format=format] [\-\-message=message]
+[\-\-null] [\-\-reset-access-time] [\-\-verbose] [\-\-dot] [\-\-append]
+[\-\-block-size=blocks] [\-\-dereference] [\-\-io-size=bytes]
+[\-\-help] [\-\-version] < name-list [> archive]
+
+.B cpio
+{\-i|\-\-extract} [\-bcdfmnrtsuvBSV] [\-C bytes] [\-E file] [\-H format]
+[\-M message] [\-R [user][:.][group]] [\-I [[user@]host:]archive]
+[\-F [[user@]host:]archive] [\-\-file=[[user@]host:]archive]
+[\-\-make-directories] [\-\-nonmatching] [\-\-preserve-modification-time]
+[\-\-numeric-uid-gid] [\-\-rename] [\-\-list] [\-\-swap-bytes] [\-\-swap] [\-\-dot]
+[\-\-unconditional] [\-\-verbose] [\-\-block-size=blocks] [\-\-swap-halfwords]
+[\-\-io-size=bytes] [\-\-pattern-file=file] [\-\-format=format]
+[\-\-owner=[user][:.][group]] [\-\-no-preserve-owner] [\-\-message=message]
+[\-\-help] [\-\-version] [pattern...] [< archive]
+
+.B cpio
+{\-p|\-\-pass-through} [\-0adlmuvLV] [\-R [user][:.][group]]
+[\-\-null] [\-\-reset-access-time] [\-\-make-directories] [\-\-link]
+[\-\-preserve-modification-time] [\-\-unconditional] [\-\-verbose] [\-\-dot]
+[\-\-dereference] [\-\-owner=[user][:.][group]] [\-\-no-preserve-owner]
+[\-\-help] [\-\-version] destination-directory < name-list
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+This manual page
+documents the GNU version of
+.BR cpio .
+.B cpio
+copies files into or out of a cpio or tar archive, which is a file that
+contains other files plus information about them, such as their
+pathname, owner, timestamps, and access permissions.  The archive can
+be another file on the disk, a magnetic tape, or a pipe.
+.B cpio
+has three operating modes.
+.PP
+In copy-out mode,
+.B cpio
+copies files into an archive.  It reads a list of filenames, one per
+line, on the standard input, and writes the archive onto the standard
+output.  A typical way to generate the list of filenames is with the
+.B find
+command; you should give
+.B find
+the \-depth option to minimize problems with permissions on
+directories that are unwritable or not searchable.
+.PP
+In copy-in mode,
+.B cpio
+copies files out of an archive or lists the archive contents.  It
+reads the archive from the standard input.  Any non-option command
+line arguments are shell globbing patterns; only files in the archive
+whose names match one or more of those patterns are copied from the
+archive.  Unlike in the shell, an initial `.' in a filename does
+match a wildcard at the start of a pattern, and a `/' in a filename
+can match wildcards.  If no patterns are given, all files are
+extracted.
+.PP
+In copy-pass mode,
+.B cpio
+copies files from one directory tree to another, combining the
+copy-out and copy-in steps without actually using an archive.
+It reads the list of files to copy from the standard input; the
+directory into which it will copy them is given as a non-option
+argument.
+.PP
+.B cpio
+supports the following archive formats: binary, old ASCII, new
+ASCII, crc, HPUX binary, HPUX old ASCII, old tar, and POSIX.1 tar.  
+The binary format 
+is obsolete because it encodes information about the files in a way
+that is not portable between different machine architectures.
+The old ASCII format is portable between different machine architectures,
+but should not be used on file systems with more than 65536 i-nodes.
+The new ASCII format is portable between different machine architectures
+and can be used on any size file system, but is not supported by all
+versions of
+.BR cpio ;
+currently, it is only supported by GNU and Unix System V R4.
+The crc format is
+like the new ASCII format, but also contains a checksum for each file
+which
+.B cpio 
+calculates when creating an archive
+and verifies when the file is extracted from the archive.
+The HPUX formats are provided for compatibility with HPUX's cpio which
+stores device files differently.
+.PP
+The tar format is provided for compatability with
+the
+.B tar
+program.  It can not be used to archive files with names
+longer than 100 characters, and can not be used to archive "special"
+(block or character devices) files.
+The POSIX.1 tar format can not be used to archive files with names longer
+than 255 characters (less unless they have a "/" in just the right place).
+.PP
+By default,  
+.B cpio
+creates binary format archives, for compatibility with
+older
+.B cpio
+programs.
+When extracting from archives,
+.B cpio
+automatically recognizes which kind of archive it is reading and can
+read archives created on machines with a different byte-order.
+.PP
+Some of the options to
+.B cpio
+apply only to certain operating modes; see the SYNOPSIS section for a
+list of which options are allowed in which modes.
+.SS OPTIONS
+.TP
+.I "\-0, \-\-null"
+In copy-out and copy-pass modes, read a list of filenames terminated
+by a null character instead of a newline, so that files whose names
+contain newlines can be archived.  GNU
+.B find
+is one way to produce a list of null-terminated filenames.
+.TP
+.I "\-a, \-\-reset-access-time"
+Reset the access times of files after reading them, so that it does
+not look like they have just been read.
+.TP
+.I "\-A, \-\-append"
+Append to an existing archive.  Only works in copy-out mode.  The
+archive must be a disk file specified with the
+.I \-O
+or
+.I "\-F (\-\-file)"
+option.
+.TP
+.I "\-b, \-\-swap"
+In copy-in mode, swap both halfwords of words and bytes of halfwords
+in the data.  Equivalent to
+.IR "\-sS" .
+Use this option to convert 32-bit integers between big-endian and
+little-endian machines.
+.TP
+.I "\-B"
+Set the I/O block size to 5120 bytes.  Initially the block size is 512
+bytes.
+.TP
+.I "\-\-block-size=BLOCK-SIZE"
+Set the I/O block size to BLOCK-SIZE * 512 bytes.
+.TP
+.I "\-c"
+Use the old portable (ASCII) archive format.
+.TP
+.I "\-C IO-SIZE, \-\-io-size=IO-SIZE"
+Set the I/O block size to IO-SIZE bytes.
+.TP
+.I "\-d, \-\-make-directories"
+Create leading directories where needed.
+.TP
+.I "\-E FILE, \-\-pattern-file=FILE"
+In copy-in mode, read additional patterns specifying filenames to
+extract or list from FILE.  The lines of FILE are treated as if they
+had been non-option arguments to
+.BR cpio .
+.TP
+.I "\-f, \-\-nonmatching"
+Only copy files that do not match any of the given patterns.
+.TP
+.I "\-F, \-\-file=archive"
+Archive filename to use instead of standard input or output.  To use a
+tape drive on another machine as the archive, use a filename that
+starts with `HOSTNAME:'.  The hostname can be preceded by a
+username and an `@' to access the remote tape drive as that user, if
+you have permission to do so (typically an entry in that user's
+`~/.rhosts' file).
+.TP
+.I "\-\-force-local"
+With
+.IR \-F ,
+.IR \-I ,
+or
+.IR \-O ,
+take the archive file name to be a local file even if it contains a
+colon, which would ordinarily indicate a remote host name.
+.TP
+.I "\-H FORMAT, \-\-format=FORMAT"
+Use archive format FORMAT.  The valid formats are listed below;
+the same names are also recognized in all-caps.  The default in
+copy-in mode is to automatically detect the archive format, and in
+copy-out mode is "bin".
+.RS
+.IP bin
+The obsolete binary format.
+.IP odc
+The old (POSIX.1) portable format.
+.IP newc
+The new (SVR4) portable format, which supports file systems having
+more than 65536 i-nodes.
+.IP crc
+The new (SVR4) portable format with a checksum added.
+.IP tar
+The old tar format.
+.IP ustar
+The POSIX.1 tar format.  Also recognizes GNU
+.B tar
+archives, which are similar but not identical.
+.IP hpbin
+The obsolete binary format used by HPUX's cpio (which stores device files
+differently).
+.IP hpodc
+The portable format used by HPUX's cpio (which stores device files differently).
+.RE
+.TP
+.I "\-i, \-\-extract"
+Run in copy-in mode.
+.TP
+.I "\-I archive"
+Archive filename to use instead of standard input.  To use a
+tape drive on another machine as the archive, use a filename that
+starts with `HOSTNAME:'.  The hostname can be preceded by a
+username and an `@' to access the remote tape drive as that user, if
+you have permission to do so (typically an entry in that user's
+`~/.rhosts' file).
+.TP
+.I \-k
+Ignored; for compatibility with other versions of
+.BR cpio .
+.TP
+.I "\-l, \-\-link"
+Link files instead of copying them, when possible.
+.TP
+.I "\-L, \-\-dereference"
+Dereference symbolic links (copy the files that they point to instead
+of copying the links).
+.TP
+.I "\-m, \-\-preserve-modification-time"
+Retain previous file modification times when creating files.
+.TP
+.I "\-M MESSAGE, \-\-message=MESSAGE"
+Print MESSAGE when the end of a volume of the backup media (such as a
+tape or a floppy disk) is reached, to prompt the user to insert a new
+volume.  If MESSAGE contains the string "%d", it is replaced by the
+current volume number (starting at 1).
+.TP
+.I "\-n, \-\-numeric-uid-gid"
+In the verbose table of contents listing, show numeric UID and GID
+instead of translating them into names.
+.TP
+.I " \-\-no-preserve-owner"
+In copy-in mode and copy-pass mode, do not change the ownership of the
+files; leave them owned by the user extracting them.  This is the
+default for non-root users, so that users on System V don't
+inadvertantly give away files.
+.TP
+.I "\-o, \-\-create"
+Run in copy-out mode.
+.TP
+.I "\-O archive"
+Archive filename to use instead of standard output.  To use a
+tape drive on another machine as the archive, use a filename that
+starts with `HOSTNAME:'.  The hostname can be preceded by a
+username and an `@' to access the remote tape drive as that user, if
+you have permission to do so (typically an entry in that user's
+`~/.rhosts' file).
+.TP
+.I "\-p, \-\-pass-through"
+Run in copy-pass mode.
+.TP
+.I "\-r, \-\-rename"
+Interactively rename files.
+.TP
+.I "\-R [user][:.][group], \-\-owner [user][:.][group]"
+In copy-out and copy-pass modes, set the ownership of all files
+created to the specified user and/or group.  Either the user or the
+group, or both, must be present.  If the group is omitted but the ":"
+or "." separator is given, use the given user's login group.  Only the
+super-user can change files' ownership.
+.TP
+.I "\-s, \-\-swap-bytes"
+In copy-in mode, swap the bytes of each halfword (pair of bytes) in
+the files.
+.TP
+.I "\-S, \-\-swap-halfwords"
+In copy-in mode, swap the halfwords of each word (4 bytes) in the
+files.
+.TP
+.I "\-t, \-\-list"
+Print a table of contents of the input.
+.TP
+.I "\-u, \-\-unconditional"
+Replace all files, without asking whether to replace existing newer
+files with older files.
+.TP
+.I "\-v, \-\-verbose"
+List the files processed, or with
+.IR \-t ,
+give an `ls \-l' style table of contents listing.  In a verbose table
+of contents of a ustar archive, user and group names in the archive
+that do not exist on the local system are replaced by the names that
+correspond locally to the numeric UID and GID stored in the archive.
+.TP
+.I "\-V \-\-dot"
+Print a "." for each file processed.
+.TP
+.I "\-\-version"
+Print the
+.B cpio
+program version number and exit.