Reduce instances of `` '' in manuals.

troff displays these as typographic quotes, but nroff implementations
almost always print them literally, which rarely has the intended effect
with modern fonts, even in stock xterm.

These uses of `` '' can be replaced either with more semantic alternatives
or with Dq, which prints typographic quotes in a UTF-8 locale (but will
automatically fall back to `` '' in an ASCII locale).

improvements and ok schwarze@

11 files changed, 57 insertions, 39 deletions

diff --git a/lib/libc/db/man/btree.3 b/lib/libc/db/man/btree.3
index 2e0f7dafecf..731f34db459 100644
--- a/lib/libc/db/man/btree.3
+++ b/lib/libc/db/man/btree.3
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.\"	$OpenBSD: btree.3,v 1.21 2014/01/21 03:15:44 schwarze Exp $
+.\"	$OpenBSD: btree.3,v 1.22 2014/11/15 14:41:02 bentley Exp $
 .\"	$NetBSD: btree.3,v 1.6 1996/05/03 21:26:48 cgd Exp $
 .\"
 .\" Copyright (c) 1997, Phillip F Knaack. All rights reserved.
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@
 .\"
 .\"	@(#)btree.3	8.4 (Berkeley) 8/18/94
 .\"
-.Dd $Mdocdate: January 21 2014 $
+.Dd $Mdocdate: November 15 2014 $
 .Dt BTREE 3
 .Os
 .Sh NAME
@@ -104,7 +104,8 @@ routine is used; however,
 routine calls with the
 .Dv R_CURSOR
 flag set will always return the logical
-``first'' of any group of duplicate keys.
+.Dq first
+of any group of duplicate keys.
 .El
 .It Fa cachesize
 A suggested maximum size (in bytes) of the memory cache.
diff --git a/lib/libc/hash/md5.3 b/lib/libc/hash/md5.3
index d62d69c1003..b0f9672e172 100644
--- a/lib/libc/hash/md5.3
+++ b/lib/libc/hash/md5.3
@@ -16,9 +16,9 @@
 .\" If we meet some day, and you think this stuff is worth it, you
 .\" can buy me a beer in return. Poul-Henning Kamp
 .\"
-.\" 	$OpenBSD: md5.3,v 1.2 2014/04/03 15:55:29 beck Exp $
+.\" 	$OpenBSD: md5.3,v 1.3 2014/11/15 14:41:02 bentley Exp $
 .\"
-.Dd $Mdocdate: April 3 2014 $
+.Dd $Mdocdate: November 15 2014 $
 .Dt MD5 3
 .Os
 .Sh NAME
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 .Nm MD5File ,
 .Nm MD5FileChunk ,
 .Nm MD5Data
-.Nd calculate the RSA Data Security, Inc., ``MD5'' message digest
+.Nd calculate the RSA Data Security, Inc., MD5 message digest
 .Sh SYNOPSIS
 .In sys/types.h
 .In md5.h
diff --git a/lib/libc/hash/rmd160.3 b/lib/libc/hash/rmd160.3
index e5b253ed1b2..10134d097a2 100644
--- a/lib/libc/hash/rmd160.3
+++ b/lib/libc/hash/rmd160.3
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.\"	$OpenBSD: rmd160.3,v 1.32 2014/03/23 23:27:22 naddy Exp $
+.\"	$OpenBSD: rmd160.3,v 1.33 2014/11/15 14:41:02 bentley Exp $
 .\"
 .\" Copyright (c) 1997, 2004 Todd C. Miller <Todd.Miller@courtesan.com>
 .\"
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
 .\" See http://www.esat.kuleuven.ac.be/~bosselae/ripemd160.html
 .\"	for detailed information about RIPEMD-160.
 .\"
-.Dd $Mdocdate: March 23 2014 $
+.Dd $Mdocdate: November 15 2014 $
 .Dt RMD160 3
 .Os
 .Sh NAME
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@
 .Nm RMD160File ,
 .Nm RMD160FileChunk ,
 .Nm RMD160Data
-.Nd calculate the ``RIPEMD-160'' message digest
+.Nd calculate the RIPEMD-160 message digest
 .Sh SYNOPSIS
 .In sys/types.h
 .In rmd160.h
@@ -167,7 +167,10 @@ and should be freed using
 when it is no longer needed.
 .Sh EXAMPLES
 The follow code fragment will calculate the digest for
-the string "abc" which is ``0x8eb208f7e05d987a9b044a8e98c6b087f15a0bfc''.
+the string
+.Dq abc
+which is
+.Dq 0x8eb208f7e05d987a9b044a8e98c6b087f15a0bfc .
 .Bd -literal -offset indent
 RMD160_CTX rmd;
 u_int8_t results[RMD160_DIGEST_LENGTH];
diff --git a/lib/libc/stdio/fopen.3 b/lib/libc/stdio/fopen.3
index 92929906a9d..0c0f5b53ca0 100644
--- a/lib/libc/stdio/fopen.3
+++ b/lib/libc/stdio/fopen.3
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.\"	$OpenBSD: fopen.3,v 1.29 2014/08/31 06:36:30 jmc Exp $
+.\"	$OpenBSD: fopen.3,v 1.30 2014/11/15 14:41:02 bentley Exp $
 .\"
 .\" Copyright (c) 1990, 1991, 1993
 .\"	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 .\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
 .\" SUCH DAMAGE.
 .\"
-.Dd $Mdocdate: August 31 2014 $
+.Dd $Mdocdate: November 15 2014 $
 .Dt FOPEN 3
 .Os
 .Sh NAME
@@ -77,11 +77,15 @@ Open for reading and writing.
 The file is created if it does not exist.
 .El
 .Pp
-The letter ``b'' in the
+The letter
+.Dq b
+in the
 .Fa mode
 strings above is strictly for compatibility with
 .St -ansiC
-and has no effect; the ``b'' is ignored.
+and has no effect; the
+.Dq b
+is ignored.
 .Pp
 After any of the above prefixes, the
 .Fa mode
diff --git a/lib/libc/stdio/printf.3 b/lib/libc/stdio/printf.3
index 75e1949fe88..66830ed4446 100644
--- a/lib/libc/stdio/printf.3
+++ b/lib/libc/stdio/printf.3
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.\"	$OpenBSD: printf.3,v 1.69 2014/05/13 20:51:00 jmc Exp $
+.\"	$OpenBSD: printf.3,v 1.70 2014/11/15 14:41:02 bentley Exp $
 .\"
 .\" Copyright (c) 1990, 1991, 1993
 .\"	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@
 .\"
 .\"     @(#)printf.3	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/4/93
 .\"
-.Dd $Mdocdate: May 13 2014 $
+.Dd $Mdocdate: November 15 2014 $
 .Dt PRINTF 3
 .Os
 .Sh NAME
@@ -186,7 +186,8 @@ Zero or more of the following flags:
 A hash
 .Sq Cm #
 character
-specifying that the value should be converted to an ``alternate form''.
+specifying that the value should be converted to an
+.Dq alternate form .
 For
 .Cm o
 conversions, the precision of the number is increased to force the first
diff --git a/lib/libc/stdlib/getsubopt.3 b/lib/libc/stdlib/getsubopt.3
index ef813430de3..335a4b9c07c 100644
--- a/lib/libc/stdlib/getsubopt.3
+++ b/lib/libc/stdlib/getsubopt.3
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.\" $OpenBSD: getsubopt.3,v 1.13 2013/06/05 03:39:23 tedu Exp $
+.\" $OpenBSD: getsubopt.3,v 1.14 2014/11/15 14:41:02 bentley Exp $
 .\"
 .\" Copyright (c) 1990, 1991, 1993
 .\"	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
 .\"
 .\"     @(#)getsubopt.3	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/9/93
 .\"
-.Dd $Mdocdate: June 5 2013 $
+.Dd $Mdocdate: November 15 2014 $
 .Dt GETSUBOPT 3
 .Os
 .Sh NAME
@@ -107,17 +107,17 @@ char *options, *value;
 while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "ab:")) != -1) {
 	switch (ch) {
 	case 'a':
-		/* process ``a'' option */
+		/* process "a" option */
 		break;
 	case 'b':
 		options = optarg;
 		while (*options) {
 			switch (getsubopt(&options, tokens, &value)) {
 			case ONE:
-				/* process ``one'' sub option */
+				/* process "one" sub option */
 				break;
 			case TWO:
-				/* process ``two'' sub option */
+				/* process "two" sub option */
 				if (!value)
 					error("no value for two");
 				i = atoi(value);
diff --git a/lib/libc/sys/intro.2 b/lib/libc/sys/intro.2
index 460a75aff28..7e4ef87c04f 100644
--- a/lib/libc/sys/intro.2
+++ b/lib/libc/sys/intro.2
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.\"	$OpenBSD: intro.2,v 1.51 2014/05/30 04:42:07 guenther Exp $
+.\"	$OpenBSD: intro.2,v 1.52 2014/11/15 14:41:02 bentley Exp $
 .\"	$NetBSD: intro.2,v 1.6 1995/02/27 12:33:41 cgd Exp $
 .\"
 .\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1983, 1986, 1991, 1993
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@
 .\"
 .\"     @(#)intro.2	8.3 (Berkeley) 12/11/93
 .\"
-.Dd $Mdocdate: May 30 2014 $
+.Dd $Mdocdate: November 15 2014 $
 .Dt INTRO 2
 .Os
 .Sh NAME
@@ -550,7 +550,8 @@ does not result in the loss of the original (real) group ID.
 .Pp
 The group access list is a set of group IDs
 used only in determining resource accessibility.
-Access checks are performed as described below in ``File Access Permissions''.
+Access checks are performed as described below in
+.Dq File Access Permissions .
 .It Saved Set User ID and Saved Set Group ID
 When a process executes a new file, the effective user ID is set
 to the owner of the file if the file is set-user-ID, and the effective
@@ -708,7 +709,9 @@ and the group permissions allow the access.
 Neither the effective user ID nor effective group ID
 and group access list of the process
 match the corresponding user ID and group ID of the file,
-but the permissions for ``other users'' allow access.
+but the permissions for
+.Dq other users
+allow access.
 .Pp
 Otherwise, permission is denied.
 .It Sockets and Address Families
diff --git a/lib/libc/sys/mlock.2 b/lib/libc/sys/mlock.2
index de13362db9d..c2b8a8d25cc 100644
--- a/lib/libc/sys/mlock.2
+++ b/lib/libc/sys/mlock.2
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.\"	$OpenBSD: mlock.2,v 1.18 2014/07/02 22:22:35 matthew Exp $
+.\"	$OpenBSD: mlock.2,v 1.19 2014/11/15 14:41:02 bentley Exp $
 .\"	$NetBSD: mlock.2,v 1.3 1995/06/24 10:42:03 cgd Exp $
 .\"
 .\" Copyright (c) 1993
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@
 .\"
 .\"	@(#)mlock.2	8.2 (Berkeley) 12/11/93
 .\"
-.Dd $Mdocdate: July 2 2014 $
+.Dd $Mdocdate: November 15 2014 $
 .Dt MLOCK 2
 .Os
 .Sh NAME
@@ -94,8 +94,9 @@ limited in how much they can lock down.
 A single process can
 .Fn mlock
 the minimum of
-a system-wide ``wired pages'' limit and
-the per-process
+a system-wide
+.Dq wired pages
+limit and the per-process
 .Li RLIMIT_MEMLOCK
 resource limit.
 .Sh RETURN VALUES
diff --git a/lib/libc/sys/reboot.2 b/lib/libc/sys/reboot.2
index 53b32fb988a..69231263c88 100644
--- a/lib/libc/sys/reboot.2
+++ b/lib/libc/sys/reboot.2
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.\"	$OpenBSD: reboot.2,v 1.16 2014/01/21 03:15:45 schwarze Exp $
+.\"	$OpenBSD: reboot.2,v 1.17 2014/11/15 14:41:02 bentley Exp $
 .\"	$NetBSD: reboot.2,v 1.5 1995/02/27 12:36:02 cgd Exp $
 .\"
 .\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1991, 1993
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@
 .\"
 .\"     @(#)reboot.2	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/4/93
 .\"
-.Dd $Mdocdate: January 21 2014 $
+.Dd $Mdocdate: November 15 2014 $
 .Dt REBOOT 2
 .Os
 .Sh NAME
@@ -141,7 +141,9 @@ program in the newly booted system.
 When no options are given (i.e.,
 .Dv RB_AUTOBOOT
 is used), the system is
-rebooted from file ``bsd'' in the root file system of unit 0
+rebooted from file
+.Pa /bsd
+in the root file system of unit 0
 of a disk chosen in a processor specific way.
 An automatic consistency check of the disks is normally performed
 (see
diff --git a/lib/libc/sys/sigaltstack.2 b/lib/libc/sys/sigaltstack.2
index 10776f7ac52..9b589bbf9ee 100644
--- a/lib/libc/sys/sigaltstack.2
+++ b/lib/libc/sys/sigaltstack.2
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.\"	$OpenBSD: sigaltstack.2,v 1.17 2014/09/09 08:17:59 guenther Exp $
+.\"	$OpenBSD: sigaltstack.2,v 1.18 2014/11/15 14:41:02 bentley Exp $
 .\"	$NetBSD: sigaltstack.2,v 1.3 1995/02/27 10:41:52 cgd Exp $
 .\"
 .\" Copyright (c) 1983, 1991, 1992, 1993
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@
 .\"
 .\"     @(#)sigaltstack.2	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/4/93
 .\"
-.Dd $Mdocdate: September 9 2014 $
+.Dd $Mdocdate: November 15 2014 $
 .Dt SIGALTSTACK 2
 .Os
 .Sh NAME
@@ -121,7 +121,9 @@ to their stack requirements to allow for the operating system overhead.
 Signal stacks are automatically adjusted for the direction of stack
 growth and alignment requirements.
 Signal stacks may or may not be protected by the hardware and
-are not ``grown'' automatically as is done for the normal stack.
+are not
+.Dq grown
+automatically as is done for the normal stack.
 If the stack overflows and this space is not protected
 unpredictable results may occur.
 .Sh RETURN VALUES
diff --git a/lib/libc/time/strptime.3 b/lib/libc/time/strptime.3
index 00f508987b9..b45adbbcde5 100644
--- a/lib/libc/time/strptime.3
+++ b/lib/libc/time/strptime.3
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.\"	$OpenBSD: strptime.3,v 1.22 2013/06/05 03:39:23 tedu Exp $
+.\"	$OpenBSD: strptime.3,v 1.23 2014/11/15 14:41:02 bentley Exp $
 .\"
 .\" Copyright (c) 1997, 1998, 2005, 2008 The NetBSD Foundation, Inc.
 .\" All rights reserved.
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@
 .\" ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
 .\" POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 .\"
-.Dd $Mdocdate: June 5 2013 $
+.Dd $Mdocdate: November 15 2014 $
 .Dt STRPTIME 3
 .Os
 .Sh NAME
@@ -86,7 +86,8 @@ the date and time, using the locale's date and time format.
 .It Cm \&%C
 the century number [0,99]; leading zeros are permitted but not required.
 Note that the converted value is added to the current value of the
-``tm_year'' field (in order that the "\&%y" conversion be useful).
+.Fa tm_year
+field (in order that the "\&%y" conversion be useful).
 .It Cm \&%d
 the day of month [1,31];
 leading zeros are permitted but not required.