diff options
| author | Ian Darwin <ian@cvs.openbsd.org> | 1998-09-28 16:01:46 +0000 |
|---|---|---|
| committer | Ian Darwin <ian@cvs.openbsd.org> | 1998-09-28 16:01:46 +0000 |
| commit | 8d70bdbdf6fd88bf88b9a384cfaafb6668c804ec (patch) | |
| tree | 034fd6a68d5b6928d6fe4e51de71c9868bb460b1 /usr.bin/learn/lib | |
| parent | e9be7faad5fbf61edcad3700142615e315e407bc (diff) | |
import BTL learn(1) lessons/editor
Diffstat (limited to 'usr.bin/learn/lib')
242 files changed, 9130 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L0 b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L0 new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..c1af3e00384 --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L0 @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +#next +1.1a 10 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L1.1a b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L1.1a new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..d822fb3d65b --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L1.1a @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +#print +This program will try to help you learn how to use the editor. +You should really know, before starting this, how to use files +and how to type. +There is a "learn files" procedure to teach you about files. +Just to review, the current directory contains some files +whose name begins with "do"; they describe something you should do. +Find out what, do that, and then type "ready". +#create ohio +#create do1 +There is a file in this +directory named for a state. +#create do2 +Change the name of that file +to 'iowa'. +#user +test ! -r ohio && test -r iowa +#log +#next +2.1a 1 +2.2a 10 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L10.1a b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L10.1a new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..8c892ca42f9 --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L10.1a @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +#print +Often, what you want to do is print an entire file, +and often you don't know exactly how long it is. +There is a special abbreviation for this purpose: +the character + $ +refers to the last line in the file, and so +1,$p prints all of a file. +Here's a new file. Print it out using the editor +command 1,$p. Then do the usual w, q, and ready. +#create Ref +1,$p +w +q +#create file +New York Mets Managers + Casey Stengel + Wes Westrum + Gil Hodges + Yogi Berra + Roy McMillan +#copyin +#pipe +ed file +#user +#unpipe +#uncopyin +tail -3 .copy >X1 +#cmp X1 Ref +#log +#next +10.1b 10 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L10.1b b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L10.1b new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..8cf203e74d3 --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L10.1b @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ +#print +You can of course combine the various sorts +of line addresses we have been using. +Suppose the last line is line 6; then $ is +line 6, and $-1 is line 5. Thus $-1 is the +next to last line, and + 1,$-1p +prints all but the last line of a file. Again, +I'll put you in the editor: print the last three lines +of the file. End with the usual w, q, and ready. +#create Ref + Gil Hodges + Yogi Berra + Roy McMillan +89 +#create file +New York Mets Managers + Casey Stengel + Wes Westrum + Gil Hodges + Yogi Berra + Roy McMillan +#copyout +#pipe +ed file +#user +#unpipe +#uncopyout +tail -4 .ocopy >X1 +#cmp X1 Ref +#fail +I hope you realized the addresses had to be + $-2,$p +to get the last three lines. +#cmp X1 Ref +#log +#next +11.1a 10 +11.2a 5 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L10.2a b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L10.2a new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..f60beca6a00 --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L10.2a @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ +#print +Often you want to refer to the last line +of a file, and you don't know how long it is. +There is a special address, "$" for this purpose. +"$" refers to the end of a file. Thus + $p +prints the last line of a file and + 1,$p +prints all of a file. +Here's another file. Print all of it, and +then type the usual w, q, and ready. +Your commands should look like + 1,$p + w + q + ready +#create Ref +1,$p +w +q +#create file +New York Mets Managers + Casey Stengel + Wes Westrum + Gil Hodges + Yogi Berra + Roy McMillan +#copyin +#pipe +ed file +#user +#unpipe +#uncopyin +tail -3 .copy >X1 +#cmp X1 Ref +#log +#next +10.1b 10 +10.2b 5 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L10.2b b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L10.2b new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..a3b91025522 --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L10.2b @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +#print +You can of course use "$" with other addresses. +For example, print from the third line of this file +through the end; then leave with the usual w, q, and ready. +#create Ref +IBM +Sperry Rand Univac +Control Data +Honeywell +80 +#create file +Burroughts +National Cash Register +IBM +Sperry Rand Univac +Control Data +Honeywell +#copyout +#pipe +ed file +#user +#unpipe +#uncopyout +tail -5 .ocopy >X1 +#cmp X1 Ref +#log +#next +10.3c 2 +10.2c 5 +10.1b 10 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L10.2c b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L10.2c new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..cf308e70a2a --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L10.2c @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +#print +And you can also use other kinds of +addresses with the "$" address. +For example, you can use ".", or +combinations with ".", as addresses. +Consider printing from the current +line to the end of the file - what +would the "p" command look like? +Type "answer COMMAND" where "COMMAND" +is that command. +#copyin +#user +#uncopyin +#match .,$p +#log +#next +10.1b 3 +10.3a 0 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L10.3a b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L10.3a new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..24475fce228 --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L10.3a @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +#print +Often you want to refer to the last line +of the file. You don't have to know the number +of lines in the file to do that; there +is a special address, "$", that always +refers to the last line. So you +can print the last line of a file with $p; +try that, then type w, q and ready as usual. +#create Ref +This is the end of the file and the line you should print. +95 +#create file + don't print this line + or this one +This is the end of the file and the line you should print. +#copyout +#pipe +ed file +#user +#unpipe +#uncopyout +tail -2 .ocopy >X1 +#cmp X1 Ref +#log +#next +10.3b 5 +10.3c 10 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L10.3b b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L10.3b new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..2e1e174500c --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L10.3b @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ +#print +You can print an entire file making use +of the fact that "$" refers to the last line. +The command + 1,$p +prints from the first line to the last one, +or the whole file. Try printing this +whole file with this command, and +then typing w, q and ready. Your commands +should look like + 1,$p + w + q + ready +#create Ref +1,$p +w +q +#create file +New York Mets Managers + Casey Stengel + Wes Westrum + Gil Hodges + Yogi Berra + Roy McMillan +#copyin +#pipe +ed file +#user +#unpipe +#uncopyin +tail -3 .copy >X1 +#cmp X1 Ref +#log +#next +10.2b 10 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L10.3c b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L10.3c new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..9190d5451a1 --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L10.3c @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +#print +Don't forget the use of arithmetic combinations +with the "p" command. For example, the +current line is "." and the next line is ".+1"; +do you see how to print the current line and the +next line with one command? Think of it as "print +from this line to the next line". Type "answer COMMAND" +where COMMAND is what your line with "p" will look like. +#copyin +#user +#uncopyin +#match .,.+1p +#match .,+p +#match .,+1p +#match .,.1p +#log +#next +10.3d 5 +10.1b 10 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L10.3d b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L10.3d new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..f0e458f2b88 --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L10.3d @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +#print +Suppose you wanted to print from the current +line to the end of the file? What's the command +for that? Again, type "answer COMMAND" where +COMMAND is what your line with "p" will look like. +#copyin +#user +#uncopyin +#match .,$p +#log +#next +10.3e 5 +10.1b 10 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L10.3e b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L10.3e new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..40cb845e504 --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L10.3e @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +#print +Again, remember the possibility of arithmetic +combinations. If "$" is the last line, what +is the line before the last line? Type "answer XXX" +where "XXX" is the way you would refer to the line +before the last line of the file. +#copyin +#user +#uncopyin +#match $-1 +#match $- +#log +#next +10.3f 10 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L10.3f b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L10.3f new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..28526fae925 --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L10.3f @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +#print +How would you print from the first line of a file to +the next to last line (thus printing all but the last +line of something)? I'll put you in the editor - do that +and then type the usual w, q and ready. +#create Ref +Boroughs + Manhattan + Brooklyn + Queens + the Bronx + Staten Island +92 +#create file +Boroughs + Manhattan + Brooklyn + Queens + the Bronx + Staten Island +Don't print this line! +#copyout +#pipe +ed file +#user +#unpipe +#uncopyout +tail -7 .ocopy >X1 +#cmp X1 Ref +#log +#next +10.1b 5 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L11.1a b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L11.1a new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..37b68b177d0 --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L11.1a @@ -0,0 +1,44 @@ +#print +By now you are probably wondering how you +get into the editor if someone else doesn't put +you there. The main command interpreter (the shell) +recognizes + ed +as the name of the editor. (On some systems, it's +also called "e", which is a useful abbreviation.) +You can give a file name, +which becomes the current file. Thus + ed NAME +in response to $ puts you in the editor with +current file as specified by NAME. +So you can print a file with the sequence + ed file + 1,$p + w + q +All right. There is a file in the current +directory named for a New Jersey city. Print +it with "cat" and then with the editor. +Then type "ready". +#create Ref +2 cups sifted all-purpose flour +1 tablespoon double-acting baking powder +1/2 teaspoon salt +1/4 cup butter +3/4 cup milk +119 +#create trenton +2 cups sifted all-purpose flour +1 tablespoon double-acting baking powder +1/2 teaspoon salt +1/4 cup butter +3/4 cup milk +#copyout +#user +#uncopyout +tail -6 .ocopy >X1 +#cmp X1 Ref +#log +#next +12.1a 10 +12.2a 5 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L11.2a b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L11.2a new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..d1c77ba955d --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L11.2a @@ -0,0 +1,48 @@ +#print +So far I have always put you into the editor. +How do you get there yourself? The main command +interpreter (the shell) recognizes + ed +as the name of the editor. (On some systems, +it is also called "e", which is a useful abbreviation.) +You can also say + ed file1 +which put you in the editor with the current file +"file1". So, for example, you can print the +last line of a file with + ed NAME + $p + w + q +where NAME is the name of the file. + +In this directory is a file named "file45". Print the +last line of it, and then exit as above. +#create Ref +This file contains nothing +of great importance and +you should not be printing +these lines because the only +line that you were asked for +was +this line, the last line. +#create file45 +This file contains nothing +of great importance and +you should not be printing +these lines because the only +line that you were asked for +was +this line, the last line. +#copyout +#pipe +#user +#unpipe +#uncopyout +grep last .ocopy >X1 +tail -1 Ref >X2 +#cmp X1 X2 +#log +#next +11.2b 10 +12.2a 5 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L11.2b b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L11.2b new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..c9d71b9d677 --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L11.2b @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +#print +You can clearly print a whole file +with + e filename + 1,$p + w + q +which prints a file, just as "cat filename" +does. Print the file "stuff" using the +editor. +Then type "ready". +#create Ref +Actually this file is a very +short file and prints quickly. +60 +#create stuff +Actually this file is a very +short file and prints quickly. +#copyout +#pipe +#user +#unpipe +#uncopyout +tail -3 .ocopy >X2 +#cmp X2 Ref +#log +#next +11.2c 10 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L11.2c b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L11.2c new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..9465ec48113 --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L11.2c @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +#print +You can of course execute other shell commands +before going into the editor. For example, +in this directory there is a file named for a New Jersey +city. Find out what file it is; then print it with "cat" +and with the editor to check the listings are the same. +Then type "ready". +#create Ref +2 cups sifted all-purpose flour +1 tablespoon double-acting baking powder +1/2 teaspoon salt +1/4 cup butter +3/4 cup milk +#create trenton +2 cups sifted all-purpose flour +1 tablespoon double-acting baking powder +1/2 teaspoon salt +1/4 cup butter +3/4 cup milk +#copyout +#pipe +#user +#unpipe +#uncopyout +grep '....' .ocopy | tail -5 >X1 +#cmp X1 Ref +#log +#next +12.1a 10 +12.2a 5 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L12.1a b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L12.1a new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..3d3668c7006 --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L12.1a @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +#print +Each 'w' command typed so far has written the edited material +back on the same file that it came from originally. +This can be changed by giving a filename on the 'w' command: + w camden +will write the current editor buffer +on file 'camden'. What does the following +sequence of commands do? + ed old + w new + q +As you can see, it picks up file 'old', and +writes it on file 'new'. It has the same effect +as + cp old new +does. + +This directory contains a file +with a name beginning with 'h'. Make a copy +of that file named 'norman'. Check the copy +by listing the old and new files with 'cat' before +you type 'ready'. +#create harry +Four score and seven years ago our +fathers brought forth on this continent +a new nation, conceived in liberty and +dedicated to the proposition that +all men are created equal. +#user +#cmp harry norman +#log +#next +12.1b 10 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L12.1b b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L12.1b new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..9fe99fd9193 --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L12.1b @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +#print +This directory still has both files named 'harry' +and 'norman' in it. You checked that they were +the same with 'cat'. Now, for an easier time, +try 'diff'. If it doesn't report any differences, +you can be sure the files are the same. +#create harry +Four score and seven years ago our +fathers brought forth on this continent +a new nation, conceived in liberty and +dedicated to the proposition that +all men are created equal. +#create norman +Four score and seven years ago our +fathers brought forth on this continent +a new nation, conceived in liberty and +dedicated to the proposition that +all men are created equal. +Type "ready" when you're done experimenting. +#copyin +#user +#uncopyin +grep diff .copy >/dev/null +#log +#next +13.1a 10 +13.2a 5 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L12.2a b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L12.2a new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..2395ea727b2 --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L12.2a @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ +#print +Each 'w' command typed so far has written the edited material +back on the same file that it came from originally. +This can be changed by giving a filename on the 'w' command: + w camden +will write the current editor buffer +on file 'camden'. What does the following +sequence of commands do? + ed old + w new + q +As you can see, it picks up file 'old', and +writes it on file 'new'. It has the same effect +as + cp old new +does. + +In this directory there is a file named "old". +Copy that file to file "new" with the editor, using +the commands given above. Check by printing +both files with "cat" that they are the same. +Type "ready" when done. +#create Ref +Four score and seven years ago our +fathers brought forth on this continent +a new nation, conceived in liberty and +dedicated to the proposition that +all men are created equal. +#create old +Four score and seven years ago our +fathers brought forth on this continent +a new nation, conceived in liberty and +dedicated to the proposition that +all men are created equal. +#user +#cmp old new +#log +#next +12.2b 5 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L12.2b b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L12.2b new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..bedd0431d98 --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L12.2b @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +#print +Now use the editor to copy file "first" +to file "second". +Then type "ready". +#create Ref +Bell Telephone Laboratories + 600 Mountain Avenue + Murray Hill, New Jersey 07974 +#create first +Bell Telephone Laboratories + 600 Mountain Avenue + Murray Hill, New Jersey 07974 +#user +#cmp Ref second +#log +#next +12.2c 5 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L12.2c b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L12.2c new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..c6801448bf7 --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L12.2c @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +#print +Again, you can type various commands before +entering the editor. This directory +contains a file whose name begins with the +letter 'h'. Make a copy of that file +named "norman". Check by printing +the files, either in the editor or with +the "cat" command, that they are the same. +Then type "ready". +#create harry +Pushkin +Tolstoy +Dostoevsky +Chekhov +Gorky +Pasternak +Solzhenitsyn +#user +#cmp harry norman +#log +#next +12.1b 10 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L13.1a b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L13.1a new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..6a2f4ef4941 --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L13.1a @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +#print +Remember we said that you didn't have to know the +number of the last line, because '$' could +always be used for that. What if you want to know +how long the file is? Well, the editor command + $= +will tell you what '$' is set to, i.e. the number of +lines in the file. You can find the number of lines in +any file, then, by editing it and then typing "$=". +(You then must leave the editor with the usual w,q). +How many lines are there in file 'henry'? You may want to check +by listing the file with "cat" as well as by using "$=" +in the editor. Don't forget to leave the editor with +the usual 'w', 'q'; eventually, type "answer N" +where N is the number of lines. +#create henry +Murray Hill +Holmdel +Whippany +Madison +Piscataway +Chester +Warren +#copyin +#pipe +#user +#unpipe +#uncopyin +#match 7 +#log +#next +14.1a 10 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L13.2a b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L13.2a new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..a377edd25e8 --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L13.2a @@ -0,0 +1,34 @@ +#print +Remember that "$" is the last line in +the current file. Suppose you want to +know how long the file is, i.e. what the +number of the last line is. The command + $= +will tell you that. So you can find the +length of the file "data" by saying + ed data + $= + w + q +Try that; then check by listing the file +with "cat" to see how long it is. Then type +"ready". +#create data +This is the file +which you should +find the number +of lines in by +typing "$=" in +the editor and see +that it has exactly +nine lines in it +when printed. +#copyout +#pipe +#user +#unpipe +#uncopyout +grep 9 .ocopy >/dev/null +#log +#next +13.2b 5 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L13.2b b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L13.2b new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..d4ffbdd4738 --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L13.2b @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +#print +How many lines are there in file "henry"? +When you find out, leave the editor, and +then type "answer N" where N is the number +of lines in file "henry". +#create henry +Murray Hill +Holmdel +Whippany +Madison +Piscataway +Chester +Warren +#copyin +#pipe +#user +#unpipe +#uncopyin +#match 7 +#log +#next +14.1a 10 +14.2a 5 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L14.1a b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L14.1a new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..9e7b57d220c --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L14.1a @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +#print +You can also use the "=" command to find out what +the 'current' line is. Since the +current line is referred to as '.', do you see that + .= +is the appropriate command to print the current line +number? So if you go through a sequence like + 3p + .= +the second command will print '3'. That's not very +exciting, so why don't you edit file 'roger', +print the next to last line, and then use '.=' +to find out what it is. Don't forget to exit +from the editor with w, and then q. Then +finish by typing "answer N" where +N is what you found, as usual. +#create roger +this is a short +file containing five lines +of which +this line is next to last +indeed +#copyin +#user +#uncopyin +#match 4 +#log +#next +15.1a 10 +15.2a 5 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L14.2a b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L14.2a new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..57047ed5510 --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L14.2a @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +#print +You can also use the "=" command to find out what +the 'current' line is. Since the current line +is named '.', the appropriate command is + .= +and so if you say + 3p + .= +the second command will print '3'. Since you should not +believe what I tell you without checking it, edit file +"doubt" and type the two commands above, which first +print line 3 (and incidentally set "." to that line) and +then ask what number "." is. Then type w, q, ready. +#create doubt +you didn't have to print this line +you didn't have to print this line +to err is human, to really foul things up takes a computer +you didn't have to print this line +you didn't have to print this line +#copyout +#user +#uncopyout +grep 3 .ocopy >/dev/null +#log +#next +14.2b 5 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L14.2b b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L14.2b new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..28b1249ccfd --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L14.2b @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +#print +You can use all kinds of addresses with "=" so +that you can find the number of the last line with + $= +for example. There is a file 'monteverdi' in this +directory: find out the number of the next to last line. +Then exit from the editor with w, q and type "answer N" +where N is the number of the next to last line. +#create monteverdi + madrigals + magnificat a 6 voci + mass a 4 voci + motets + l'orfeo + psalms +#copyin +#user +#uncopyin +#match 5 +#log +#next +15.1a 10 +15.2a 5 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L15.1a b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L15.1a new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..b70feced46d --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L15.1a @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ +#print +So far you only know how to copy and print existing files +in the editor, and not how to get started from scratch. +The 'a' (append) command lets you type in new text. +For example, the sequence + ed file + a + this is a new line of text + . + w + q +will append the line + this is a new line of text +to the editor buffer, and then write it on "file". +(If "file" doesn't already exist, the editor will +warn you, but it's not an error.) +Note that the material being added ends with the +line that just contains a single '.' and that normal +editor commands then resume. Following this pattern, +make a file named "pres" that contains the +line + +franklin delano roosevelt + +and, after you have written it with a 'w' command, +and done your 'q', try saying "cat pres" to check that +you did it right. +Then type "ready". +#create Ref +franklin delano roosevelt +#user +#cmp pres Ref +#log +#next +15.1b 10 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L15.1b b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L15.1b new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..7cd6ffe5939 --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L15.1b @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +#print +You can of course put several lines between the 'a' and the '.' +to type in lots of text at one time. Here is a set +of lines: type them in and name the file "fruit". +Type "ready" when done. Input is ... +#create Ref +apple +peach +pear +plum +nectarine +orange +#print Ref +#user +#cmp Ref fruit +#log +#next +16.1a 10 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L15.2a b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L15.2a new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..bbc058b4a1c --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L15.2a @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +#print +So far you have learned how to +copy and print existing files, and now +you probably want to know how to add new text +to a file. The "a" (append) command lets +you do that. For example, the sequence + ed file + a + A man, a plan, a canal - Panama. + . + w + q +will append the line + A man, a plan, a canal - Panama. +to the editor buffer, and write it on file "file". +(If "file" didn't exist already, the editor will +warn you. It's not an error, just a warning.) +Try that. Then say "cat file" to check what was written, +and then type "ready". +#create Ref +A man, a plan, a canal - Panama. +#user +#cmp file Ref +#log +#next +15.2b 5 +15.3b 2 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L15.2b b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L15.2b new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..d8d5c0c5f1f --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L15.2b @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +#print +Now make a file containing the line + +The Hon. Brendan Byrne + +and write it on file "gov". +Then type "ready". +#create Ref +The Hon. Brendan Byrne +#user +#cmp gov Ref +#log +#next +15.1b 10 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L15.2c b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L15.2c new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..6f1b013dbce --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L15.2c @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +#print +Note that every set of lines to be appended ends +with the character '.' alone on a line. This is essential +to get back to editor command level. Whenever you have +been appending, and you later type a 'p' or 'w' command +and the editor appears not to respond, check that you +remember to type the '.' to stop appending. This is a very +common error even among experienced users. Suppose you type +in, appending to a file, five lines; what must you type on +the sixth line before typing 'w'? Type "answer X" where X +is that character. +#copyin +#user +#uncopyin +#match . +#log +#next +15.2d 5 +15.3d 2 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L15.2d b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L15.2d new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..a8c6f77ca23 --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L15.2d @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +#print +As we mentioned, you can add several lines at once. Here is +a set of lines; go into the editor, append them, write them +on a file named "fruit", and then leave the editor and +type "ready". +#create Ref +apple +peach +pear +plum +nectarine +orange +#print Ref +#user +#cmp Ref fruit +#log +#next +16.1a 10 +15.3e 5 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L15.3b b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L15.3b new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..b7f93e4382b --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L15.3b @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +#print +You can put several lines betwen the 'a' and the '.', as +in this example which creates a file named 'opera'. + ed opera + a + abduction from the seraglio - mozart + aida - verdi + alcina - handel + anna bolena - donizetti + . + w + q +Try this as shown. Then type "ready". +(Notice the warning that "opera" doesn't exist +when you start.) +#create Ref +abduction from the seraglio - mozart +aida - verdi +alcina - handel +anna bolena - donizetti +#user +#cmp opera Ref +#log +#next +15.2c 5 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L15.3d b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L15.3d new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..49bae05564b --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L15.3d @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +#print +Use the editor to make a file named 'pres' and containing +the single line + +franklin delano roosevelt + +and then type "ready". +#create Ref +franklin delano roosevelt +#user +#cmp pres Ref +#log +#next +15.3e 5 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L15.3e b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L15.3e new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..714d78a6679 --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L15.3e @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +#print +Remember that after typing the '.' which ends an append +you can type ordinary commands at the editor. Go into +the editor; append the line + +washington, d.c. + +and then print it with the 'p' command. Then write it +on a file named "city" and leave the editor and type "ready". +#create Ref +washington, d.c. +#user +#cmp city Ref +#log +#next +15.3f 5 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L15.3f b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L15.3f new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..29020cd2dd2 --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L15.3f @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +#print +Now make a file named "towns" that contains the lines +summit +chatham +westfield +cranford +madison +and print it out to check you did it right. +Then type "ready". +#create Ref +summit +chatham +westfield +cranford +madison +#user +#cmp towns Ref +#log +#next +16.1a 10 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L16.1a b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L16.1a new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..ca51bfca3fb --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L16.1a @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ +#print +When you are typing after an 'append' command, +the editor is no longer listening for its ordinary +commands. Between 'a' and '.' none of your +usual 'p', 'w', or 'q' commands are recognized. The only +thing that will make the editor wake up is to type '.' +alone on a line. So to type in text, then print it, +you must go through a sequence like + ed file + a + input text + . + 1,$p + w + q +and you must not type the "1,$p" until you have typed +the '.'. Do you understand? Will the sequence + ed junk + a + input line + $= + . + w + q +print the number of the last line typed in? If you don't +know, try it. Then type 'yes' or 'no'. +#copyin +#pipe +#user +#unpipe +#uncopyin +#match no +#log +#next +16.1b 10 +16.2a 5 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L16.1b b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L16.1b new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..776bd62b426 --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L16.1b @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +#print +So far you've only appended to empty files. If the file +you are appending to has something in it, you have to +decide where you want the new material to be placed. +You can give a line address with 'a', and the append +command will place the new material after that line. +For example, + 3a + input + . +places 'input' after line 3. What will be the line +number of the input line? Type 'answer N', as usual. +#pipe +#copyin +#user +#uncopyin +#unpipe +#match 4 +#log +#next +16.1c 10 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L16.1c b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L16.1c new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..86dfcbe3a65 --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L16.1c @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ +#print +The current directory contains a file +named 'hand'. The third line is missing: +add the line + +middle finger + +after line 2 of this file. +Check what you're doing by printing the file +with + 1,$p +before and after the change. +Then rewrite the file with the usual w, q, +and then type "ready". +#create Ref +thumb +index finger +middle finger +ring finger +little finger +#create hand +thumb +index finger +ring finger +little finger +#create rhand +thumb +index finger +ring finger +little finger +#pipe +#user +#unpipe +#cmp hand Ref +#log +#next +17.2a 5 +18.1a 10 +18.2a 7 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L16.2a b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L16.2a new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..f5121add08d --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L16.2a @@ -0,0 +1,41 @@ +#print +So far you have always appended to an empty file, +so that there was no problem about where the appended lines +were placed in the file. If the file you're appending to +already has lines in it, you can say where you want the +new material to be placed by giving a line address with 'a', +and you can check on this by printing the file. +Try the following sequence and note what happens to the new lines +that are added with the "3a" command: + +ed rivers +1,$p +3a +merrimack +connecticut +hudson +. +1,$p +w +q +ready +#create Ref +penobscot +androscoggin +kennebec +merrimack +connecticut +hudson +delaware +susquehanna +#create rivers +penobscot +androscoggin +kennebec +delaware +susquehanna +#user +#cmp rivers Ref +#log +#next +16.2c 5 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L16.2c b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L16.2c new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..8a345a229a0 --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L16.2c @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +#print +You can see that the 'a' command adds lines after the +line addressed. So if you type + 2a +at the editor, what will be the line number of the +first line that you added? Type "answer N" where N is the +number it will have. +#copyin +#user +#uncopyin +#match 3 +#log +#next +16.1c 5 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L17.2a b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L17.2a new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..5d6332b9ab1 --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L17.2a @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +#print +You must always remember what the computer is expecting +from you: shell commands, editor commands, or input +text after an 'append'. Suppose you are +typing append text: what do you type to get +back to where you can type editor commands? Type +"answer X" where "X" is replaced by what you type. +#copyin +#user +#uncopyin +#match . +#log +#next +17.2b 5 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L17.2b b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L17.2b new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..78b480fd04a --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L17.2b @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +#print +What do you type to go from +the editor command level to where +you type input text? (The append command). +Type "answer X" where X is what you type. +#copyin +#user +#uncopyin +#match a +#log +#next +17.2c 5 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L17.2c b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L17.2c new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..bf0351be6fe --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L17.2c @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +#print +What command do you type to go from the +shell to the editor? Type "answer X" where +X is the command name. +#copyin +#user +#uncopyin +#match e +#match ed +#log +#next +17.2d 5 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L17.2d b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L17.2d new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..0d38499f535 --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L17.2d @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +#print +And, finally, what is the last line you type +to go to the shell from the editor? Again, respond +"answer X" where X is the command. +#copyin +#user +#uncopyin +#match q +#log +#next +18.1a 10 +18.2a 5 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L18.1a b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L18.1a new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..488a804ec15 --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L18.1a @@ -0,0 +1,40 @@ +#print +Sometimes it is desirable to add text before a +known line, rather than after it. For this purpose +there is an 'i' (insert) command that places the new +material before the specified line. Otherwise, 'i' +is exactly like 'a', so that + 3i +is the same as + 2a +Remember the address of the last line? Just +before the last line of file 'airlines' +insert the line + +twa + +and then rewrite the file with w, q, and type ready. +#create Ref +american +braniff +continental +delta +eastern +national +pan am +twa +united +#create airlines +american +braniff +continental +delta +eastern +national +pan am +united +#user +#cmp airlines Ref +#log +#next +19.1a 10 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L18.2a b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L18.2a new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..dafb343cd45 --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L18.2a @@ -0,0 +1,42 @@ +#print +Once in a while you want to add text just before +a certain line, rather than just after it. For this purpose +there is a command 'i' (insert) which is just like 'a' +except that the new material goes before the addressed line, +instead of after it. For example, + 3i +is the same as + 2a +Try this sequence, which prints the editor buffer before +and after the insertion, to see what happens. + +ed cars +1,$p +3i +lincoln +chevrolet +. +1,$p +w +q +ready +#create Ref +ford +mercury +lincoln +chevrolet +buick +pontiac +oldsmobile +#create cars +ford +mercury +buick +pontiac +oldsmobile +#user +#cmp cars Ref +#log +#next +18.2c 7 +18.3a 3 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L18.2c b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L18.2c new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..5a4bc25ffd1 --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L18.2c @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +#print +Again, remembering that "5i" is the same as "4a" +what command is the same as + .-1a +to the editor? Respond "answer XX" where XX is that +command. +#copyin +#user +#uncopyin +#match i +#match .i +#log +#next +18.2d 2 +18.2e 6 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L18.2d b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L18.2d new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..6da3437aeef --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L18.2d @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +#print +What command will insert lines before the second line from the +end of the file? Type "answer XXX" where XXX is that command. +#copyin +#user +#uncopyin +#match $-2i +#match $-3a +#log +#next +18.2e 5 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L18.2e b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L18.2e new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..fd06297bb01 --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L18.2e @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +#print +Just before the last line of file 'airlines' +in this directory insert the line + +twa + +and then rewrite the file with w, q, and +type "ready". +#create Ref +american +braniff +continental +delta +eastern +national +pan am +twa +united +#create airlines +american +braniff +continental +delta +eastern +national +pan am +united +#user +#cmp airlines Ref +#log +#next +19.1a 10 +19.2a 5 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L18.3a b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L18.3a new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..3b6378d6e99 --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L18.3a @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +#print +Since 'i' is the same as 'a' except for the position +of the inserted material, what character must end +every block of lines inserted with the 'i' command? +Type "answer X" where X is that character. +#copyin +#user +#uncopyin +#match . +#log +#next +18.3b 5 +18.2c 10 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L18.3b b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L18.3b new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..2656f6de480 --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L18.3b @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +#print +Remembering that 'i' inserts one line before +the 'a' command, so that after + 3a +the first input line is number 4 while after + 3i +the first input line is number 3, what command +using 'i' is the same as the command + 5a +to the editor? Type "answer XX" where XX is that +command. +#copyin +#user +#uncopyin +#match 6i +#log +#next +18.2c 5 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L19.1a b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L19.1a new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..7d83c3ba7e6 --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L19.1a @@ -0,0 +1,42 @@ +#print +Now that you know how to add lines to a file, +you will want to know how to get rid of them. +The command + 5d +will delete line 5 of a file. The command + .d +will delete the current line. +In the file 'pres' either the 5th or 6th line +is wrong. Print those lines and delete the bad +one; then rewrite the corrected file. +Then type 'ready'. +#create Ref +george washington +john adams +thomas jefferson +james madison +james monroe +john quincy adams +andrew jackson +martin van buren +william henry harrison +john tyler +#create pres +george washington +john adams +thomas jefferson +james madison +james monroe + this is wrong Qwertyuiop +john quincy adams +andrew jackson +martin van buren +william henry harrison +john tyler +#pipe +#user +#unpipe +#cmp pres Ref +#log +#next +19.1b 10 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L19.1b b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L19.1b new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..3fd0369da4d --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L19.1b @@ -0,0 +1,41 @@ +#print +Just as you can print several lines at once by +giving a range of addresses with the 'p' command, +you can delete several lines at once by giving +two addresses. For example, + 2,5d +deletes lines 2, 3, 4 and 5 of the current file. The +command + 1,.-1d +deletes all lines up to but not including the current line. +And + 1,$d +deletes EVERY line. (Use with extreme caution, obviously.) +There is a file named 'counties' in this directory. +Throw away the first five lines of it and rewrite it. +Then type 'ready' as usual. +#create Ref +Morris +Warren +Union +Somerset +Hunterdon +#create counties +Bergen +Passaic +Sussex +Hudson +Essex +Morris +Warren +Union +Somerset +Hunterdon +#pipe +#user +#unpipe +#cmp counties Ref +#log +#next +20.1a 10 +20.2a 5 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L19.2a b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L19.2a new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..263d6b086d9 --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L19.2a @@ -0,0 +1,42 @@ +#print +To avoid just accumulating lines forever, you need some +way of getting rid of them. The 'd' command (delete) removes +lines you don't want. Since it also removes lines that +you do want if you tell it to, you should be careful +with this command. Deleting one line at a time +is always pretty safe. For example + 5d +will delete line 5 of a file. Try the following +sequence; note that I've used "cat" +for a change. + +cat bmt +ed bmt +5d +w +q +cat bmt +ready +#create Ref +14th st +23rd st +28th st +34th st +times square +49th st +57th st +#create bmt +14th st +23rd st +28th st +34th st +42nd st +times square +49th st +57th st +#user +#cmp bmt Ref +#log +#next +19.3b 3 +19.2c 8 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L19.2c b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L19.2c new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..cabcce8863a --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L19.2c @@ -0,0 +1,34 @@ +#print +In this directory there is a file "pres" in which +either the 5th line or the 6th line does not +belong. Edit the file, print the dubious lines, +delete the bad one, and then rewrite the file. +Then type "ready". +#create Ref +george washington +john adams +thomas jefferson +james madison +james monroe +john quincy adams +andrew jackson +martin van buren +william henry harrison +john tyler +#create pres +george washington +john adams +thomas jefferson +james madison +james monroe + this is wrong Qwertyuiop +john quincy adams +andrew jackson +martin van buren +william henry harrison +john tyler +#user +#cmp pres Ref +#log +#next +19.2d 5 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L19.2d b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L19.2d new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..c9207ac60df --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L19.2d @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ +#print +You can delete several lines at once by giving a range +of addresses with the 'd' command. For example, the sequence + +ed howto +2,5d +w +q + +will delete lines 2 through 5 of the file "howto" and write +the shorter material on the file "new". Try that. Then say + +cat howto +cat new + +to see the differences; then type "ready". +#create Ref +To use UNIX: +5. dial ext. 4321 +6. type userid in response to login +7. type commands +#create howto +To use UNIX: +1. turn terminal power on +2. check terminal is in "line" mode +3. check duplex switch in "full" position +4. check baud rate at "300" +5. dial ext. 4321 +6. type userid in response to login +7. type commands +#user +#cmp new Ref +#log +#next +19.2e 5 +20.1a 10 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L19.2e b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L19.2e new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..3253fcc67ef --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L19.2e @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +#print +Now, for comparison, use the "diff" command to +check on the differences between "howto" and "new". +Try typing + +diff howto new + +and then "ready". +#create howto +To use UNIX: +1. turn terminal power on +2. check terminal is in "line" mode +3. check duplex switch in "full" position +4. check baud rate at "300" +5. dial ext. 4321 +6. type userid in response to login +7. type commands +#create new +To use UNIX: +5. dial ext. 4321 +6. type userid in response to login +7. type commands +#copyin +#user +#uncopyin +#match diff howto new +#match diff new howto +#log +#next +19.2f diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L19.2f b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L19.2f new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..0a2b6c96f0a --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L19.2f @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +#print +There is a file "counties" in this directory. +Try deleting the first five lines of the file. +Then type "ready". +#create Ref +Morris +Warren +Union +Somerset +Hunterdon +#create counties +Bergen +Passaic +Sussex +Hudson +Essex +Morris +Warren +Union +Somerset +Hunterdon +#user +#cmp counties Ref +#log +#next +20.1a 10 +20.2a 5 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L19.3b b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L19.3b new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..6b6a676e180 --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L19.3b @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +#print +You can use any other kind of address you want +with 'd'; for example, + .d +will delete the current line. Remember the +name of the last line? Pick up file +"flower" and delete the last line and +rewrite the file. Then type "ready". +#create Ref +aster +chrysanthemum +daffodil +marigold +petunia +rose +tulip +zinnia +#create flower +aster +chrysanthemum +daffodil +marigold +petunia +rose +tulip +zinnia +hummingbird +#user +#cmp flower Ref +#log +#next +19.2c 10 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L2.1a b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L2.1a new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..387c70e2c01 --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L2.1a @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +#print +Now to check that you can type, a line will +be typed at you: type it back in, and then type "ready". +Type the line exactly as it is typed at you, including +the colons that bracket it. + +: pack my box with five dozen liquor jugs : +#copyin +#user +#uncopyin +#match : pack my box with five dozen liquor jugs : +#log +#next +3.1a 10 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L2.2a b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L2.2a new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..c25bc1037f1 --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L2.2a @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +#print +As an easier typing test, see if you can just get +the word "management" in correctly. Type it +in response to "$" and then type "ready". +#copyin +#user +#uncopyin +#match management +#log +#next +3.1a 10 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L20.1a b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L20.1a new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..d2aa4f43e04 --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L20.1a @@ -0,0 +1,46 @@ +#print +You can now change a line of a file, using only the +commands already taught, by deleting the old line +and inserting a new one. +This is not a very convenient way to do that, so +there is a command 'c' (change) which combines +those operations. + 5c + input text + here. + . +will delete line 5 and replace it by the lines + +input text +here. + +Note that the text following 'c', just like the text +after 'i' and 'a', must end with a line containing just +one '.' and nothing else. +This directory contains a file named 'short' +with six lines in it. Change the last line to read + +new version of last line + +and rewrite the file; then end with "ready". +#create Ref +This is a short file +which contains exactly +six lines of text +of which you are +to change the last line +new version of last line +#create short +This is a short file +which contains exactly +six lines of text +of which you are +to change the last line +this is the last line. +#pipe +#user +#unpipe +#cmp Ref short +#log +#next +21.1a 10 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L20.2a b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L20.2a new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..58ba72f3e65 --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L20.2a @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +#print +You can now change a line of a file by a slow procedure: delete the +old version and insert the new one. For example, you could replace +line 4 of a file with + 4d + 3a + new version of line 4 + . +right? OK, try that. There is a file named "words" in this +directory and line 4 contains a mistyped word. Correct it and +rewrite the file; then type "ready". +#create Ref +bear +begin +belief +believe +belt +bend +#create words +bear +begin +belief +beleive +belt +bend +#user +#cmp words Ref +#log +#next +20.2b 5 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L20.2b b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L20.2b new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..0c361b561cd --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L20.2b @@ -0,0 +1,40 @@ +#print +There is an easier way to do that. You can just say + 5c + input text for new version + . +using the 'c' command ('c' stands for 'change') which +will delete the old version of the line and +replace it. Note that the input text after 'c' ends +with a '.' just like the text after the 'a' or 'i' commands. +This directory contains a file named "lineup". Change +the third line to read "neal walk" and print the file +before and after. Use a sequence like this, ending in ready: + +ed lineup +1,$p +3c +neal walk +. +1,$p +w +q +ready + +#create Ref +walt frazier +earl monroe +neal walk +bill bradley +spencer haywood +#create lineup +walt frazier +earl monroe +john gianelli +bill bradley +spencer haywood +#user +#cmp lineup Ref +#log +#next +20.2c 5 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L20.2c b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L20.2c new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..35055bf3c5e --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L20.2c @@ -0,0 +1,58 @@ +#print +You can also change several lines, and you need not replace +lines with the same number of lines. You can put any amount +of text between the 'c' command and the closing '.', and +you can remove any number of lines from the file by specifying +a range of addresses. For example, + + 2,5c + first + second + . +would replace the FOUR lines 2,3,4 and 5 of the file with TWO +new lines containing "first" and "second". You can of course +use more complicated addresses involving $ and . if you wish. +This directory contains a file "oldrr". Delete the last two +lines and replace them by a line reading + +penn central + +and write the new version on a file named "newrr". Then use "diff" +to compare the old and new versions of the file. +Eventually, type "ready". +#create Ref +maine central +bangor and aroostook +boston and maine +grand trunk +vermont central +boston and albany +new haven +delaware and hudson +new york, susquehanna, and western +erie-lackawanna +chessie system +lehigh valley +long island railroad +penn central +#create oldrr +maine central +bangor and aroostook +boston and maine +grand trunk +vermont central +boston and albany +new haven +delaware and hudson +new york, susquehanna, and western +erie-lackawanna +chessie system +lehigh valley +long island railroad +new york central +pennsylvania +#user +#cmp newrr Ref +#log +#next +21.1a 10 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L21.1a b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L21.1a new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..d4785d6328c --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L21.1a @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +#print +Remember all the basic commands: 'e', 'a', 'w' and 'q'. +Make a file named 'test' that contains the following lines, exactly +as presented below. Then type "ready". +#create Ref +maine +new hampshire +vermont +massachusetts +rhode island +connecticut +#print Ref +#user +#cmp Ref test +#log +#next +21.1b 5 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L21.1b b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L21.1b new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..3f6d5a27e68 --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L21.1b @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +#print +In this directory there is a file 'fix'. It contains +a mistyped line. Print the file; then change that +line and rewrite the file correctly. +Then type "ready". +#create Ref +Bell System Companies include: +American Telephone and Telegraph Company + Long Lines Division +Western Electric Company +Bell Laboratories +Teletype Corporation +Associated Companies +#create fix +Bell System Companies include: +American Telephone and Telegraph Company + Long Lines Division +Western Electric Company +Bell Lxxxxtories +Teletype Corporation +Associated Companies +#user +#cmp Ref fix +#log +#next +21.1c 5 +21.1e 10 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L21.1c b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L21.1c new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..0ea6579497d --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L21.1c @@ -0,0 +1,87 @@ +#print +This directory contains a file "list" which has +a list of words in it. What word is on the last line +of the file? The file is rather long - I'd suggest you +not try to print all of it. Type "answer WORD" where +WORD is the word on the last line of the file. +#create list +aardvark +adapt +addition +alert +allege +alphabet +announce +answer +apple +architect +arrange +avoid +this +is +going +to +be +very +boring +if +you +keep +trying +to +print +the +whole +file +you +should +have +said +$p +and +I +would +suggest +you +hit +delete +now +and +try +that +instead +i +am +very +patient +and +you +are +not +going +to +like +waiting +for +all +of +this +to +go +on +for +ver +... +... +.. +... +year +youth +zebra +#copyin +#user +#uncopyin +#match zebra +#log +#next +21.1d 5 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L21.1d b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L21.1d new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..4b7d67340f4 --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L21.1d @@ -0,0 +1,446 @@ +#print +How long is file "text"? (That is, +how many lines does it have, or what +is the line number of the last line.) Remember the +"=" command? This file is also too long for you +to print out in full. +Type "answer N" where N is the number of the last +line. +#create text +a +able +about +above +absolutely +accidents +act +add +administered +admiration +adoring +advancing +adventure +advised +after +afternoon +afterward +again +against +agent +alacrity +all +allow +almost +alone +along +alongside +alp-climbers +alpenstock +alpine +alps +already +also +alter +although +am +among +an +and +animal +animals +another +anxiety? +any +apparent +applause +appointed +appreciation +are +argued +armor-bearers +around +arrange +arrived +article +as +ascend +ascending +ascent +aside +asked +assailed +assaulting +assembled +assist +at +attempt +attended +attention +attracted +avalanches +away +awful +back +badly +baffled +barometer +barrier +battered +battle +be +beautiful +because +become +bed +been +before +began +beginning +behind +being +believed +beneficent +better +between +big +bitter +black +blue +book +both +boughs +brass +break +breast +breath +bridge +bringing +broke +broken +brought +burdens +burst +but +by +called +calmly +came +can +cannot +caravan +carpeted +carried +case +catch +caught +caused +cavalcade +ceased +cellar +center +certainly +chair +chance +change +chaplain +cheered +chief +chilly +church +circumstance +citizens +civilization +clear +clearly +climb +climber +clock +closed +clove +coil +cold +column +comfort +command +commanded +commended +concluded +condition +confronted +consequently +considerable +considered +consisted +constantly +consulting +contrived +convinced +cord +could +country +couple +courage +course +cover +covered +cows +crash +crawling +crept +crippling +crossed +crowd +crowded +cruel +crumbly +crutches +custom +cut +danger +dangerous +dark +dead +deaf +dear +decided +decked +declared +deep +deeply +defective +demanded +demoralization +densely +deployed +descending +describe +desert +deserted +despair +despondency +detachment +detail +detailing +did +die +directly +dirt +disappear +disappeared +dismal +disposition +divert +do +doing +done +donkey +doom +down +draped +dressed +drooped +dull +dumb +during +eager +ear +ears +earth +earthquake +easy +eat +edelweiss +either +elephants +eleven +eloquence +embrace +encounter +end +ended +enough +entered +entirely +established +estimate +even +evening +events +ever +every +everybody +examine +exceeded +excellent +except +excess +exclaimed +excursions +executed +exhaustion +expected +expedition +experimenter +explained +explosion +extreme +eye +eyes +face +faces +fact +fagged +failed +fainted +fallen +false +far +fast +fastened +faster +fatal +father +fatigue +fear +feared +fearful +fears +feature +feel +feet +fell +fellow +fetch +feverishly +few +fifteen +filing +find +finer +firmly +first +five +five-pound +fixed +flank +foot +for +forest +forgotten +form +forth +forty-foot +forward +found +four +frantic +free +frequency +fresh +friend +frightened +from +front +frozen +full +furthest +fury +gave +gazing +general +gentle +get +give +glad +glanced +gliding +go +going +gone +good +got +grace +grand +gratifying +great +green +ground +grow +growing +guide +guides +guttered +had +half +half-mile +halt +hampered +hand +hands +happened +harder +hardly +harris +hat +hate +haunts +have +having +he +head +hear +heard +heavens +heavy +held +here +hesitated +high +hill +him +himself +his +hoist +hold +homes +hook +hook-rope +hoping +horns +host +hotel +hotels +hour +hours +how +hurry +huts +huzza +i +ice-ax +ice-axes +idea +if +implement +implements +imposing +impressive +impulse +in +inches +including +indignant +ingratitude +injured +innocent +inquiries? +inquiring +#copyin +#user +#uncopyin +tail -1 .copy >X1 +%s/../lcount <text >X2 +#cmp X1 X2 +#log +#next +21.1e 6 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L21.1e b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L21.1e new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..14ab446ceef --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L21.1e @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +#print +This directory contains a file "abot" which +has an extra line (one line was typed twice). +Remove the extra line and rewrite the +file; then type "ready". This file is +fairly short. +#create Ref +seven qualities characterize the clod and seven the +wise man: the wise man does not speak before him +that is greater than he in wisdom; he does not +break into his fellow's speech; he is not in a rush to +reply; he asks what is relevant and replies to the +point; he speaks of first things first and of last +things last; of what he has not heard he says "I +have not heard"; and he acknowledges what is true. + and the opposites apply to the clod. +#create abot +seven qualities characterize the clod and seven the +wise man: the wise man does not speak before him +that is greater than he in wisdom; he does not +break into his fellow's speech; he is not in a rush to +break into his fellow's speech; he is not in a rush to +reply; he asks what is relevant and replies to the +point; he speaks of first things first and of last +things last; of what he has not heard he says "I +have not heard"; and he acknowledges what is true. + and the opposites apply to the clod. +#user +#cmp abot Ref +#log +#next +30.1a 10 +30.2a 5 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L3.1a b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L3.1a new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..2c8ea3d5d4e --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L3.1a @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +#print +The editor accepts commands one per line, +just like the other programs in UNIX; but its +commands are unique to it. The +only command present in every editing session is the +last one, 'q' (quit) which returns to the normal +command interpreting program. I'm going to put +you in the editor. Type 'q' to leave, +and then type "ready" when you get the '$' from +the normal command handler. +#create junk +You're in the editor. +#pipe +ed - junk +1p +#user +#unpipe +#cmp junk junk +#log +#next +3.1b 5 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L3.1b b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L3.1b new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..3b1e9b80097 --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L3.1b @@ -0,0 +1,37 @@ +#print +A particularly important editor command +is 'w' (write). This writes whatever +you are working on, including everything you +have typed in or changed, into a file, +so that you can work on it again later. +If you try to quit from the editor without +writing out your changes, the editor will complain +(but only once -- a second 'q' will let you out). +Generally it's wisest to leave the editor by typing + +w +q + +rather than just 'q'. I'll put you in the editor; +type those two commands to leave. Then type +"ready". +#create bpres +Washington Adams Jefferson +#create pres +Washington Adams Jefferson +#pipe +ed pres +#user +#unpipe +#cmp pres bpres +#succeed +Note that the editor typed 27. This is the number +of characters it wrote into the file. This +is reassuring - it tells you the write was +successful. The count of characters read +is also typed, which is why you got a '27' +before your responses. +#log +#next +4.1a 10 +4.2a 5 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L30.1a b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L30.1a new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..d0427376d53 --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L30.1a @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +#print +Although it is always possible to fix errors by retyping +the entire erroneous line with the 'c' command, it is +usually much faster to make small changes within +a line. The editor allows this with the 's' (substitute) +command. For example, + s/abc/def/ +will change a line previously reading + xxx abc +into one reading + xxx def +by replacing the string 'abc' in the line with the string 'def'. +In this directory is a file 'pres' with one line that says +'harry' where it should say 'george'. Fix it using the +substitute command to change 'harry' into 'george'. You +should use the 'p' command to print the line before and +after, checking that you did it correctly. Then +rewrite the file and type 'ready'. +#create Ref +george washington +#create pres +harry washington +#user +#cmp Ref pres +#log +#next +30.1b 10 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L30.1b b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L30.1b new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..65d65c4d6f1 --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L30.1b @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +#print +As with other commands, you can specify a line +number in front of the 's' command. Thus + 3s/x/a/ +will change the first 'x' to an 'a' on the third line +of the current file. Pick up file 'town' and +change the 'q' on the last line to a 'p'. Then +rewrite the file and type 'ready'. +#create Ref +south orange +maplewood +millburn +short hills +summit +new providence +#create town +south orange +maplewood +millburn +short hills +summit +new qrovidence +#user +#cmp town Ref +#log +#next +31.1a 10 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L30.2a b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L30.2a new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..6bccfcb92a8 --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L30.2a @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +#print +Changing a whole line with the 'c' command is a slow way +to work when you only want to change a few letters. The 's' (substitute) +command changes the letters within a line. For example, the command + s/abc/def/ +will change a line reading + xxxabc +into one reading + xxxdef +by replacing the string 'abc' with 'def'. Try the following sequence which +alters the first line of the file 'test' within this directory: + +ed test +1p +s/months/years/ +1p +w +q +ready +#create Ref +Four score and seven years ago our +fathers brought forth ... +#create test +Four score and seven months ago our +fathers brought forth ... +#user +#cmp test Ref +#log +#next +30.2b 5 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L30.2b b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L30.2b new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..bf4edd6a89b --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L30.2b @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +#print +In this directory is a file 'pres' whose first line says +'harry' where it should say 'george'. Fix it using the +substitute command to change 'harry' into 'george'. You should +use the 'p' command to print the line before and after, checking +that the change took place. Then rewrite the file and +type 'ready'. +#create Ref +george washington +#create pres +harry washington +#user +#cmp pres Ref +#log +#next +30.1b 10 +30.2c 5 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L30.2c b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L30.2c new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..1a5665031d1 --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L30.2c @@ -0,0 +1,34 @@ +#print +As with other commands, you can specify a line number +with the 's' command. Thus + 3s/x/a/ +will change the first 'x' on line 3 to an 'a'. Here is +a file "street" in which the fifth line has an 'r' +where it should have an 'a'. Try +the sequence + +ed street +5s/r/a/ +5p +w +q +ready +#create Ref +first avenue +second avenue +third avenue +lexington avenue +park avenue +madison avenue +#create street +first avenue +second avenue +third avenue +lexington avenue +prrk avenue +madison avenue +#user +#cmp street Ref +#log +#next +30.2d 5 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L30.2d b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L30.2d new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..1deb0b784e1 --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L30.2d @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +#print +In this directory is a file named "airport" +whose second line says "xx" where it should say +"ne". Edit the file, change those letters, and +rewrite the file. Then type "ready". +#create Ref +idlewild +newark +laguardia +#create airport +idlewild +xxwark +laguardia +#user +#cmp airport Ref +#log +#next +30.2e 5 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L30.2e b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L30.2e new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..7635883cdd3 --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L30.2e @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +#print +Now edit the file named "town" and change +the 'q' on the last line to a 'p'. Rewrite the +corrected file and type 'ready'. +#create Ref +south orange +maplewood +millburn +short hills +summit +new providence +#create town +south orange +maplewood +millburn +short hills +summit +new qrovidence +#user +#cmp town Ref +#log +#next +30.2f 5 +31.1a 10 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L30.2f b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L30.2f new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..20b2e507d6e --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L30.2f @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +#print +Now there is a file named "equipment" +and on the next to last line is a word +that contains 'nn' where it should have 'mm'. +Fix it and rewrite the file. Then type "ready". +#create Ref +screwdriver +wrench +saw +hammer +pliers +#create equipment +screwdriver +wrench +saw +hanner +pliers +#user +#cmp equipment Ref +#log +#next +30.2g 5 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L30.2g b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L30.2g new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..a32db4fc379 --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L30.2g @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +#print +This directory contains a file named "markets" which +has a 'q' on the last line where it should have a 'p'. +Rewrite the corrected version on a new file named +"nmark". Then type "ready". +#create Ref +shop-rite +acme +kings +a&p +finast +pathmark +#create markets +shop-rite +acme +kings +a&p +finast +qathmark +#user +#cmp nmark Ref +#log +#next +30.2h 5 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L30.2h b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L30.2h new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..5be2c4c1e1b --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L30.2h @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +#print +The two files you were editing are still around here. +Use "diff" to see what the differences between them are +and check that the correction was made properly. Then +type "ready". +#create markets +shop-rite +acme +kings +a&p +finast +qathmark +#create nmark +shop-rite +acme +kings +a&p +finast +pathmark +#copyin +#user +#uncopyin +#match diff markets nmark +#match diff nmark markets +#log +#next +31.1a 10 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L31.1a b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L31.1a new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..10175ca2b58 --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L31.1a @@ -0,0 +1,38 @@ +#print +I hope you have been checking the effects of your +substitutions by using the 'p' command before and +after the changes. This is so often desired that +you may type the 'p' on the same line, after the 's' +command. Thus + s/ab/cd/p +changes 'ab' to 'cd' and prints the line after the change. +In this directory there is a file named 'tree'. Try changing +the fourth line, which now reads + spruxx +to read + spruce +and then rewrite the file, and type 'ready'. +#create Ref +pine +fir +hemlock +spruce +birch +beech +hickory +maple +#create tree +pine +fir +hemlock +spruxx +birch +beech +hickory +maple +#user +#cmp Ref tree +#log +#next +32.1a 10 +31.2b 5 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L31.2b b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L31.2b new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..264802a725f --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L31.2b @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +#print +This directory contains a file "animal" which has +a mistyped line. Print the file, find the line, +fix the error using the 's' command, and then +rewrite the corrected file and type "ready". +#create Ref +cat +dog +raccoon +groundhog +mouse +mole +#create animal +cat +dog +rakkoon +groundhog +mouse +mole +#user +#cmp animal Ref +#log +#next +32.1a 10 +31.2c 5 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L31.2c b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L31.2c new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..4afa2dcb3ba --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L31.2c @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +#print +In this directory there is a file "checks" +which contains 3 errors. Fix the spelling errors +and rewrite the file. Then type "ready". +#create Ref + The establishment of credit all over the civilized world made it +possible to develop new inventions, enlarge factories, produce more +goods so that more people could earn wages to buy them. Soon even +the supply of paper money would have been too small to take care of +the needs of business, had it not been for a new form of money. This +was the "check-book dollar." + There are now from 25 to 30 billion dollars in paper money +circulating in the United States. But that is only one tenth of +what is needed to do business every year. The other 90 per cent is +in the form of check-book dollars. +#create checks + The establishment of credit all over the civilized world made it +possible to develop new inventions, enlarge factories, produce more +goods so that more people could earn wages to buy them. Soon even +the supply of paper money would have been too smalp to take care of +the needs of businees, had it not been for a new form of money. This +was the "check-book dollar." + There are now from 25 to 30 billion dollars in paper money +circulating in txe United States. But that is only one tenth of +what is needed to do business every year. The other 90 per cent is +in the form of check-book dollars. +#user +#cmp checks Ref +#log +#next +32.1a 10 +32.2a 5 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L32.1a b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L32.1a new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..2e69407abab --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L32.1a @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +#print +Just as you can specify files with an abbreviation, +it is also possible, in the 's' command, to +use an abbreviation for the string to be used +for substitution. Unfortunately, the characters +used to indicate an abbreviation are quite +different, and you must learn them separately for the +editor and the file-name interpreter. (Sorry about +that, but that's the way the world is.) + +The symbol for 'any character' is '.'. Thus + s/a./bc/p +looks for an 'a' followed by anything, and changes those +characters into 'bc'. +Thus the line + what now +would become + whbc now +after that command. +What will the word "floating" become after + s/a./or/ +is executed? Type "answer WORD" where WORD is the new version. +#copyin +#user +#uncopyin +#match flooring +#log +#next +32.1b 10 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L32.1b b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L32.1b new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..90067e729e5 --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L32.1b @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +#print +Note that the substitute command changes the first +instance of something that matches. Consider the +line + now is the time for all good men +and the substitute command + s/tim/TIM/ +applied to it. +Which word in the line will be altered by that command? +Type "answer WORD" where WORD is the word that will +be changed. +#copyin +#user +#uncopyin +#match time +#log +#next +32.1c 10 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L32.1c b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L32.1c new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..8bf4dc579d8 --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L32.1c @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +#print +Now, with the line + now is the time for all good men +and the command + s/t../TIM/p +what word will be changed? Again, type +"answer WORD"; remember that "." matches +any character, and the first match is picked. +#copyin +#user +#uncopyin +#match the +#log +#next +33.1a 10 +33.2a 5 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L32.2a b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L32.2a new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..73496b8a0bf --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L32.2a @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +#print +Just as you can use abbreviations to specify a class of +filenames, you can use abbreviationss in the editor to recognize +strings in the substitute command. Unfortunately, the +characters used in the editor are quite different from the +ones used in the file-name handler to specify patterns. +(Sorry about that, but that's the way the world is.) + +The symbol for 'any character' is '.' and this will +match any single letter or other character in a line. +For example, + s/a./bc/ +looks for an 'a' followed by anything, and changes those +two letters into 'bc'. Try this sequence and note +what happens. + +ed line +p +s/a./bc/p +w +q +ready +#create Ref +me bcd you +#create line +me and you +#user +#cmp line Ref +#log +#next +32.2b 5 +32.2c 10 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L32.2b b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L32.2b new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..69d61cfd564 --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L32.2b @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +#print +Or, to take another example, the command + s/h./ar/ +would turn the word "that" into "tart": the '.' matches +the 'a'. What would that command change the +word "what" into? Reply "answer WORD" where WORD +is what the substitute command would produce. +#copyin +#user +#uncopyin +#match wart +#log +#next +32.2c 5 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L32.2c b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L32.2c new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..fd9526511b4 --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L32.2c @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +#print +What will the word "floating" become after +the command + s/a./or/ +is executed? Type "answer WORD" where WORD is the +new version. +#copyin +#user +#uncopyin +#match flooring +#log +#next +32.2d 5 +32.1b 10 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L32.2d b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L32.2d new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..f0c25984dd6 --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L32.2d @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +#print +Is the word "stop" changed by the command + s/to/xx/p +Type "yes" or "no". +#copyin +#user +#uncopyin +#match yes +#log +#next +32.2e 5 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L32.2e b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L32.2e new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..72bb0287389 --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L32.2e @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +#print +Is the word "stop" changed by the command + s/tp/xx/p +Type "yes" or "no". +#copyin +#user +#uncopyin +#match no +#log +#next +32.2f 5 +32.1b 10 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L32.2f b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L32.2f new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..5182018ccb8 --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L32.2f @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +#print +Is the word "stop" changed by the command + s/t./xx/p +Type "yes" or "no". +#copyin +#user +#uncopyin +#match yes +#log +#next +32.2g 5 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L32.2g b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L32.2g new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..b31012c1bfb --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L32.2g @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +#print +One place where "." is useful is in changing +letters that are hard to type, e.g. the # and @ +characters. For example, the command + s/a.b/xxx/ +will change "a#b" to "xxx". There is a file named +"goof" in this directory whose third line contains +the word + sp#xll +which should be "spell". Change it and rewrite the file; +then type "ready". +#create Ref +whoever typed this +either couldn't type +or couldn't spell +properly. +#create goof +whoever typed this +either couldn't type +or couldn't sp#xll +properly. +#user +#cmp goof Ref +#log +#next +32.1b 5 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L33.1a b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L33.1a new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..6b9a32aa77b --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L33.1a @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +#print +When you want to match one of a few specific characters, and not +just any character, the pattern is similar to the pattern used +in filenames. The patterns used with the editor, by +the way, are called "regular expressions". The string + [abc] +matches 'a', 'b' or 'c'. So if the current line +is + now is the time for all good men +and the command is + s/t[ijk]/xx/ +what word is changed? Type "answer WORD" where WORD is the +word changed by that command. +#copyin +#user +#uncopyin +#match time +#log +#next +33.1b 10 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L33.1b b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L33.1b new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..83572235b8b --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L33.1b @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +#print +Write the command that will change +either the word "that" or the word "than" +into "this", and then print the result. Type +"answer COMMAND" on a line, where COMMAND is +that string. (That is, COMMAND +will be of the form + s/.../.../p +where you have replaced the ... with the right stuff.) +You can test this out by going into the editor and +typing in a line that contains "that" and "than" +and trying to change it. You should do that until you +are sure you have the command right. +#copyin +#user +#uncopyin +#match s/tha[nt]/this/p +#match s/tha[tn]/this/p +#match s/tha[nt]/this/gp +#match s/tha[tn]/this/gp +#log +#next +34.1a 10 +34.2a 5 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L33.2a b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L33.2a new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..ab451ec74bf --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L33.2a @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +#print +When you want to match one of a few specific characters, +and not anything, the pattern is similar to that used in +file names. That is, + [abc] +matches the letters 'a', 'b', or 'c', but nothing +else. Try this sequence and note what happens: + +ed lines +1,$p +1s/[123]/9/ +2s/[123]/9/ +1,$p +w +q +ready +#create Ref +599 +948 +#create lines +519 +348 +#user +#cmp lines Ref +#log +#next +33.2b 5 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L33.2b b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L33.2b new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..260823553d7 --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L33.2b @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +#print +You can of course use the [] operators anywhere in +a pattern. Editor patterns, by the way, are called +"regular expressions". For example, suppose you wanted +to change either the word "trick" or the word "track" +to "stop". What command would you need? +Do you see that + + s/tr[ia]ck/stop/p + +will do that? Now figure out what command you would +need to change either "bear" or "beat" into "best" +and print the line after the change. +Type "answer COMMAND" where COMMAND is that line. +#copyin +#user +#uncopyin +#match s/bea[rt]/best/p +#match s/bea[tr]/best/p +#match s/bea[rt]/best/ +You forgot the "p" part. +#match s/bea[tr]/best/ +You forgot the "p" part. +#log +#next +33.2c 5 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L33.2c b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L33.2c new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..f0bc9e07d32 --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L33.2c @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +#print +Suppose the current line is + +now is the time for all good men + +and you type the substitute command + +s/t[ijk]/xx/ + +what word is changed? Type "answer WORD" where +WORD is the word changed in the line. +#copyin +#user +#uncopyin +#match time +#log +#next +34.1a 10 +33.1b 5 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L34.1a b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L34.1a new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..2fd76d9387e --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L34.1a @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +#print +You can also specify "all characters except ..." +using an expression of the form + [^ab] +which means "anything except an 'a' or 'b' character". +Will + s/ab[^cde]/xyz23/p +change + xbcabfgh +Type "yes" or "no". +#copyin +#user +#uncopyin +#match yes +#log +#next +34.1b 10 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L34.1b b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L34.1b new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..925143febd9 --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L34.1b @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +#print +Will the command + s/ab[^cde]/xx/p +change the line + abcxyzabfxyz +Type "yes" or "no". +#copyin +#user +#uncopyin +#match yes +#fail +Remember that the s/.../../ command will +keep looking through the line for something +to change, even if the beginning of the +line doesn't match. +#log +#next +35.1a 10 +35.2a 5 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L34.2a b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L34.2a new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..b0b7b0236b2 --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L34.2a @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +#print +You can also specify "all characters except ..." +using an expression of the form + [^ab] +which means "any character except the letters 'a' or 'b'. +This is just like filename patterns again. Does + [^abc] +match the letter 'a'? Answer "yes" or "no". +#copyin +#user +#uncopyin +#match no +#log +#next +34.2b 5 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L34.2b b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L34.2b new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..f143e0213a8 --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L34.2b @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +#print +Does + [^abc] +match the letter 'd'? Answer "yes" or "no". +#copyin +#user +#uncopyin +#match yes +#log +#next +34.2c 5 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L34.2c b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L34.2c new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..e4c6506f818 --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L34.2c @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +#print +Does [abc] match 'a'? Answer "yes" or "no"? +#copyin +#user +#uncopyin +#match yes +#log +#next +34.2d 5 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L34.2d b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L34.2d new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..133ddb9e42b --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L34.2d @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +#print +Does [^abc] match the '*' character? +Type "yes" or "no". +#copyin +#user +#uncopyin +#match yes +#log +#next +34.2e 5 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L34.2e b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L34.2e new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..681a3c6ea82 --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L34.2e @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +#print +Suppose you wanted to match all letters and +punctuation marks. You could try + [^ ] +which is "anything but blank". +Try the following commands: + +ed cut +1p +1s/p[^ ]/xxx/p +w +q +ready +#create Ref +stop this comxxxter +#create cut +stop this computer +#user +#cmp cut Ref +#log +#next +34.2f 5 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L34.2f b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L34.2f new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..0dfcca39cbe --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L34.2f @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +#print +Will + s/ab[^cde]/xyz23/p +change + xbcabfgh +Type "yes" or "no". (Try it out +first in the editor if you don't know.) +#copyin +#user +#uncopyin +#match yes +#log +#next +34.1b 10 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L35.1a b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L35.1a new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..6ef8b47e403 --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L35.1a @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ +#print +The "*" character is also used in substitute commands, +but it has a different meaning. Here it means +"any number of repetitions of the previous character". +(including zero!). Thus + a* +is any number of 'a' characters, and + [ab]* +is any number of either 'a' or 'b' characters. +So + s/ab*/xy/ +looks for an 'a' followed by any number of 'b' +letters, and will change + abbb cde +into + xy cde +You can use '*' after anything, including for example +blank. Thus + s/a */a/ +removes all the blanks after the letter 'a'. In this +directory there is a file 'text'. On the third line, +remove the blanks after the word 'the'. Then rewrite the +file and type "ready". +#create Ref +This is the file +for experimentation +with the(substitute) +command. +#create text +This is the file +for experimentation +with the (substitute) +command. +#user +#cmp text Ref +#log +#next +36.1a 10 +36.2a 5 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L35.2a b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L35.2a new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..474472c4a2a --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L35.2a @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +#print +The '*' character is also used in the editor patterns (the regular +expressions) but it has quite a different meaning from '*' +as used in filenames. In the editor it means "any +number of repetitions of the previous character." Thus + a* +might match "a" or "aa" or "aaa" or "aaaa" and so on. +It might also match nothing, because "any number +of repetitions" includes "zero"! Perhaps it +will be clearer after you do the following example. +Note what happens to the two lines. Type + +ed file +1,2p +1s/xa*/xy/ +2s/xa*/xy/ +1,2p +w +q +ready +#create Ref +abxy +abxycd +#create file +abxaaa +abxcd +#user +#cmp file Ref +#log +#next +35.2b 5 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L35.2b b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L35.2b new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..91cc213f88f --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L35.2b @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +#print +Now suppose we wanted to delete the blanks +after the letter "t" in this line: + +here are a lot of blanks + +This line is on file "blank". Try the sequence + +ed blank +1p +s/t */t/p +w +q +ready +#create Ref +here are a lotof blanks +#create blank +here are a lot of blanks +#user +#cmp blank Ref +#log +#next +35.2c 5 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L35.2c b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L35.2c new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..cbf4e9d320a --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L35.2c @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +#print +You can use '*' to look for a string of characters +from one of the character classes. Suppose, for example, +we wanted a long string of either 'a' or 'b', followed +by 'x'. Then we could write + + s/[ab]*x/.../ + +In this directory is a file named "table". +It has only one line. On that line, replace all the digits +followed by a comma with the letters "too big". For example, +"123,000" should become "too big,000". +Then rewrite the file and type "readY". +#create Ref +Heathrow too big,159 +#create table +Heathrow 17073,159 +#user +#cmp table Ref +#log +#next +35.2d 5 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L35.2d b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L35.2d new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..d92b66952c1 --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L35.2d @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +#print +A useful operation is to replace a string of several blanks +by exactly one blank. Note that you can't just write + +s/ */ / + +because the " *" willl match any number of blanks +including zero. Thus it will always match at the beginning +of the line, even if there is no blank there. +The normal sequence is + +s/ */ / +which will only substitute for a string +that has at least one blank in it. +Try that command on the line in the file "line". +Then rewrite the file "line" and type "ready". +#create Ref +here is a long space. +#create line +here is a long space. +#user +#cmp line Ref +#log +#next +35.2e 5 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L35.2e b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L35.2e new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..cd3a6a0f776 --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L35.2e @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +#print +A very powerful construction is ".*", +which matches any character (remember '.') +repeated any number of times. For example + +s/a.*b/.../ + +replaces anything of the forms + +axyzb, aaaaaab, a1234b, abbbb + +since it requires just an 'a' and a 'b' +at the ends of the string, with +anything at all in between. +Or, to throw away everything +on a line after the word "stop", you could try + +s/stop.*/stop/ + +In this directory is a file "sentence". +Delete everything after +the word "last" on the second line of the file. +#create Ref +This file has a sentence in which +this is the last +#create sentence +This file has a sentence in which +this is the last word which should be left. +#user +#cmp sentence Ref +#next +36.1a 10 +36.2a 5 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L36.1a b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L36.1a new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..d0196c6b6c2 --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L36.1a @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +#print +So far all the special characters in the substitute command +have been used in the left-hand expression, the one that +is looked for in the line as it exists before the change. +None of these characters are meaningful in the right-hand +expression; for example, + s/ab/a./ +turn "ab" into "a." just as if "." were an ordinary letter. +But there is one character that is special on the right +side of a substitution, which is '&'. The ampersand +is replaced by whatever text is being replaced. In + s/the/&m/ +the string "the" is turned into "them" because the '&' is +replaced by "the". +In this directory there is a file 'text'; on the third line, +change the word 'dog' into 'dogs'; then rewrite the file +and say "ready". +#create Ref +cat +mouse +dogs +rat +#create text +cat +mouse +dog +rat +#user +#cmp text Ref +#log +#next +37.1a 10 +37.2a 6 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L36.2a b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L36.2a new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..83801f0c753 --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L36.2a @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +#print +So far all the special characters in the substitute +command are used to select the string to be replaced. +There is one character used in the new string to be inserted. +It is '&' which when used on the right hand side of a substitution, +refers to the expression given on the left hand side. +For example, the command + +s/the/&m/ + +changes "the" into "them". Try that on file "text"; +then rewrite the file and type "ready". +#create Ref +we went to see them yesterday. +#create text +we went to see the yesterday. +#user +#cmp text Ref +#log +#next +36.2b 5 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L36.2b b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L36.2b new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..a9e29309c28 --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L36.2b @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +#print +Now, in file 'pets', change the word 'dog' on the third line +into 'dogs'. Then rewrite the file and type "ready". +#create Ref +cats +hamsters +dogs +gerbils +#create pets +cats +hamsters +dog +gerbils +#user +#cmp pets Ref +#log +#next +36.2c 5 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L36.2c b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L36.2c new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..ac057700f58 --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L36.2c @@ -0,0 +1,47 @@ +#print +On the right side of a substitute, none of the other +special characters mean anything unusual. Thus, if you wanted to +replace the letter 'a' by an asterisk, for example, the obvious +com and would work: + +s/a/*/p + +Try, in the file "data", replacing the comma on the last line +with a period. Then rewrite the file and type "ready". +#create Ref + Square Roots +1.00 1.00 +2.00 1.42 +3.00 1.73 +4.00 2.00 +You really shouldn't be +printing all of this file - +did you forget that '$' is +the address of the last +line of a file? +Use that instead of printing everything. +5.00 2.23 +6.00 2.45 +7.00 2.65 +8.00 2.83 +#create data + Square Roots +1.00 1.00 +2.00 1.42 +3.00 1.73 +4.00 2.00 +You really shouldn't be +printing all of this file - +did you forget that '$' is +the address of the last +line of a file? +Use that instead of printing everything. +5.00 2.23 +6.00 2.45 +7.00 2.65 +8.00 2,83 +#user +#cmp data Ref +#log +#next +36.2d 5 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L36.2d b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L36.2d new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..c236185a318 --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L36.2d @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +#print +On line 4 of the file "attribute" is either the word +"color" or the word "Color". With one command +add an 's' to the end of the word. Check that you did it right; +then rewrite the file and type "ready". +#create Ref +size weight mass +density shade hue +quality age price +lifetime Colors durability +#create attribute +size weight mass +density shade hue +quality age price +lifetime Color durability +#user +#cmp attribute Ref +#log +#next +37.1a 10 +37.2a 6 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L37.1a b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L37.1a new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..da094dbde2f --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L37.1a @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +#print +You can use a range of line numbers with the +substitute command to change more than one line at once. +For example, + 1,5s/dog/&s/ +will change "dog" on each of the first five lines of the +file into "dogs". Edit file "text" and change the word +"cat" on every line into "mouse". +Then rewrite the file and type "ready". +#create Ref +domestic mouse +alley mouse +persian mouse +angora mouse +wildmouse +#create text +domestic cat +alley cat +persian cat +angora cat +wildcat +#user +#cmp text Ref +#log +#next +38.1a 10 +38.2a 6 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L37.2a b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L37.2a new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..5fac5825d61 --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L37.2a @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +#print +A range of line numbers can be used with the substitute +command as with the print command. For example, + +$-4,$s/cat/&s/p + +will change "cat" into "cats" on the last five lines of +a file. In this directory there is a file "cliche" +containing a number of instances of the word "dog"; change +the instances of "dog" in the first five lines to "dogs". +Then rewrite the file and type "ready". +#create Ref +dogs tired +sick as a dogs +dogs eared +wouldn't send a dogs out on a night like this +every dogs has his day +dog gone +#create cliche +dog tired +sick as a dog +dog eared +wouldn't send a dog out on a night like this +every dog has his day +dog gone +#user +#cmp cliche Ref +#log +#next +37.2b 5 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L37.2b b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L37.2b new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..5138f4042f0 --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L37.2b @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +#print +Now edit file "text" and change the "cat" on every line +into "mouse". Then rewrite the file and type "ready". +#create Ref +domestic mouse +alley mouse +persian mouse +angora mouse +wildmouse +#create text +domestic cat +alley cat +persian cat +angora cat +wildcat +#user +#cmp text Ref +#log +#next +37.2c 5 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L37.2c b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L37.2c new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..7ac6e2f7fb7 --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L37.2c @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +#print +How would you find a string of digits? Remember +[1234567890][1234567890]* +as an expression? In this directory is a file +"table" which contains some numbers. On every +line of the file, follow all numbers by the +character '%'. It should only take one 's' command. +Then rewrite the file and type "ready". +#create Ref + Budget Outlays +Salaries 32% +Equipment 40% +Rent 13% (incl. utilities) +Interest 9% +Misc. 6% +#create table + Budget Outlays +Salaries 32 +Equipment 40 +Rent 13 (incl. utilities) +Interest 9 +Misc. 6 +#user +#cmp table Ref +#log +#next +37.2d 5 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L37.2d b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L37.2d new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..4d882188a9b --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L37.2d @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +#print +There is another file named "table" in this directory. +Find all numbers and surround them with "*" characters (that +is, "345" becomes "*345*". Then rewrite the file +and type "ready". +#create Ref + Income +Wages *73* +Interest *20* +Gambling *5* +Other *2* +#create table + Income +Wages 73 +Interest 20 +Gambling 5 +Other 2 +#user +#cmp table Ref +#log +#next +37.2e 5 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L37.2e b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L37.2e new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..df98a4693e1 --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L37.2e @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ +#print +Here is something a bit trickier. We want to add +an extra space after each word "lengthen". However, +some of the instances of "lengthen" are followed +by commas or right parentheses and we want the sapace +after the comma or right parenthesis in that case. That +is, the desired transformations are: + now new +lengthen xx lengthen xx +lengthen, xx lengthen, xx +lengthen) xx lengthen) xx +lengthen), xx lengthen), xx +It should only take one substitute command to do this. +Remember that "*" matches zero or more instances of +whatever precedes it. +Try those changes on the first six lines of the file +"text" in this directory. Then rewrite the file and +type "ready". +#create Ref +To lengthen this is easy, +whereas to lengthen, rather +than to shorten, on the previous line +is hard. (To lengthen) is an +infinitive. I said to him, (please lengthen), and +he did so. +Why not lengthen this word? Notice it is on line 7. +#create text +To lengthen this is easy, +whereas to lengthen, rather +than to shorten, on the previous line +is hard. (To lengthen) is an +infinitive. I said to him, (please lengthen), and +he did so. +Why not lengthen this word? Notice it is on line 7. +#user +#cmp text Ref +#log +#next +37.2f 5 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L37.2f b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L37.2f new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..96c33afa6e4 --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L37.2f @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +#print +The file "paragraph" in this directory contains +a number of commas followed by blanks. Please see +to it that all commas are followed by exactly one blank. +Then rewrite the file and type "ready". +#create Ref +This text, although somewhat +strained, is not really +unintelligible. We have, you see +to get enough commas, like this +into it to give you some real practice. +#create paragraph +This text, although somewhat +strained, is not really +unintelligible. We have, you see +to get enough commas,like this +into it to give you some real practice. +#user +#cmp paragraph Ref +#log +#next +38.1a 10 +38.2a 6 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L38.1a b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L38.1a new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..ffa16c53b03 --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L38.1a @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +#print +Sometimes it is desirable to specify that +the characters to be changed are at the beginning +of the line. This uses the '^' character. For example, + s/^ab/xy/p +will change "ab" to "xy" ONLY if "ab" begins the line. +Remember that + s/ab/xy/p +would just change the first "ab" anywhere in the line. +In this directory there is a file "text"; whenever the +letters "cat" begin a line, change them to "mouse; but leave +other instances of "cat" unaltered. Do this on each line (it only +takes one command, as you know). Then rewrite the file and +type "ready". +#create Ref +mouse's paw +alley cat +mouse has nine lives +let the cat out of the bag +#create text +cat's paw +alley cat +cat has nine lives +let the cat out of the bag +#user +#cmp Ref text +#log +#next +39.1a 10 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L38.2a b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L38.2a new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..2f9942a4148 --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L38.2a @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +#print +Sometimes you want to recognize a string of characters +only if they appear at the beginning of the line. +The character '^' is used for this purpose. The +command + s/^ab/xy/ +will change "ab" to "xy" only if "ab" begins the line. +Try the following and watch what it does. + +ed file +1,2p +1,2s/^ab/xy/ +w +q +ready +#create Ref +xycd + abcd +#create file +abcd + abcd +#user +#cmp file Ref +#log +#next +38.2b 5 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L38.2b b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L38.2b new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..987c21bea64 --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L38.2b @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +#print +In this directory there is a file "text"; whenever the +letters "cat" begin a line, change them to "mouse"; but +leave other instances of "cat" unaltered. Do this on each line. +Then rewrite the file and type "ready". +#create Ref +mouse's paw +alley cat +mouse has nine lives +let the cat out of the bag +#create text +cat's paw +alley cat +cat has nine lives +let the cat out of the bag +#user +#cmp text Ref +#log +#next +39.1a 10 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L39.1a b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L39.1a new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..722f8e7f52a --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L39.1a @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +#print +Using the "^" character, you can easily put things +at the beginnings of lines. For example + s/^/***/ +puts "***" at the beginning of the line. Now edit +the file "text" and put the symbol '=' at the beginning +of lines 3 through 5. Then rewrite the file and type "ready". +#create Ref +beef +pork +=chicken +=duck +=turkey +lamb +fish +#create text +beef +pork +chicken +duck +turkey +lamb +fish +#user +#cmp text Ref +#log +#next +40.1a 10 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L4.1a b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L4.1a new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..5ee279f3910 --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L4.1a @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +#print +You must recognize that the commands typed at the +editor are distinct from the commands typed at the +normal UNIX command interpreter. In particular, +neither program knows the commands recognized by the +other one. So you must always remember when you +are talking to the normal command interpreter (the +one that says $ to you) and when you are talking +to the editor. The commands 'w' and 'q' are recognized +by the editor. The commands 'ls', 'mv' and so forth +are not. + +Can you expect the editor to recognize the command + cat george +Type yes or no. +#copyin +#user +#uncopyin +#match no +#log +#next +4.1b 5 +5.1a 10 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L4.1b b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L4.1b new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..a836e2d801a --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L4.1b @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +#print +Can you expect the normal command interpreter (called +the 'shell') to recognize + w +Type yes or no. +#copyin +#user +#uncopyin +#match no +#log +#next +5.1a 10 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L4.2a b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L4.2a new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..60598abac58 --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L4.2a @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +#print +The editor and the 'shell' (the normal command +interpreter) accept different commands. The +shell (which types '$' at you) understands +"ls", "mv", "cp", "date" and so forth; the +editor understands such commands as 'w' or 'q'. + +Who knows about "diff"? +Type "answer shell" or "answer editor". +#copyin +#user +#uncopyin +#match shell +#log +#next +4.2b 5 +4.1b 10 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L4.2b b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L4.2b new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..8b1e8d75268 --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L4.2b @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +#print +Who will recognize 'w'? +Type "answer shell" or "answer editor". +#copyin +#user +#uncopyin +#match editor +#log +#next +4.1b 5 +5.1a 10 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L40.1a b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L40.1a new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..0ed8b0e3ccb --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L40.1a @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +#print +There is also a special character which indicates +the end of the line. It is '$'. So that + s/ab$/xy/ +changes 'ab' to 'xy' only if 'ab' ended the line. +In the file 'text' there are some lines which end +in 'cup'. Change them to end in 'saucer'. Again, +it only takes one command. +Then rewrite the file and type 'ready'. +#create Ref +3 teaspoons = 1 tablespoon +16 tablespoons = 1 saucer +48 teaspoons = 1 saucer +2 cups = 1 pint +2 pints = 1 quart +1/2 pt = 1 saucer +#create text +3 teaspoons = 1 tablespoon +16 tablespoons = 1 saucer +48 teaspoons = 1 saucer +2 cups = 1 pint +2 pints = 1 quart +1/2 pt = 1 saucer +#user +#cmp text Ref +#log +#next +40.1b 5 +40.2b 10 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L40.1b b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L40.1b new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..77cd8c901ca --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L40.1b @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +#print +You can also use '$' when you +just want to add something to the end of a line. +For example, + s/$/./ +puts a period at the end of a line, without destroying +anything in the line. In file 'decl' there should be a +comma at the end of the third line. Edit this file, +put in the comma, and rewrite the file. Then type "ready". +#create Ref +When in the course of human events, it becomes +necessary for one people to dissolve the political +bands which have connected them with another, +and to assume among the powers of the earth the separate +and equal station to which the laws +of Nature and of Nature's God entitle them ... +#create decl +When in the course of human events, it becomes +necessary for one people to dissolve the political +bands which have connected them with another +and to assume among the powers of the earth the separate +and equal station to which the laws +of Nature and of Nature's God entitle them ... +#user +#cmp decl Ref +#log +#next +41.1a 10 +40.2b 9 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L40.2b b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L40.2b new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..b0e36e6d284 --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L40.2b @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +#print +In the file "section" change all lines ending in the characters + ", +to end in + ," +so that, for example, the line + He said "I'll come", +becomes + He said "I'll come," +and then rewrite the file and type "ready". +#create Ref +This passage contains a few +quoted "strings," +of which some are "in the middle", and some +"are at the beginning", and some "are at the end," +but all end with commas. +#create section +This passage contains a few +quoted "strings", +of which some are "in the middle", and some +"are at the beginning", and some "are at the end", +but all end with commas. +#user +#cmp section Ref +#log +#next +40.2c 5 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L40.2c b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L40.2c new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..60bd44b1396 --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L40.2c @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +#print +In the file "mess" delete all blanks at the ends +of lines. Be prepared to delete several blanks +if need be (remember the '*' character). +Then rewrite the file and type "ready". +#create Ref +It is possible to use +a small counter to keep +approximate counts +of large numbers. The resulting +expected error can be controlled. +#create mess +It is possible to use +a small counter to keep +approximate counts +of large numbers. The resulting +expected error can be controlled. +#user +#cmp mess Ref +#log +#next +40.2d 5 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L40.2d b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L40.2d new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..8a738e49538 --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L40.2d @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +#print +In file "poem" add the character "." (period) +at the end of lines 3 through the end of the file. +Then rewrite the file and type "ready". +#create Ref +When I was a lad I served a term + As office boy in an attorney's firm +I washed the windows and I swept the floor. + And I polished up the handles on the big brass door. +I polished up those handles so carefully. + That now I am the ruler of the Queen's Navy. +#create poem +When I was a lad I served a term + As office boy in an attorney's firm +I washed the windows and I swept the floor + And I polished up the handles on the big brass door +I polished up those handles so carefully + That now I am the ruler of the Queen's Navy +#user +#cmp poem Ref +#log +#next +41.1a 10 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L41.1a b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L41.1a new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..f8ab0ab3b3f --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L41.1a @@ -0,0 +1,44 @@ +#print +One thing you must be careful of is that the substitute +command does not know about word boundaries. It will +change the first occurrence of a letter string it matches +without regard to blanks or punctuation around it. Thus, +if the current line is + i would rather be the king +and you type + s/the/a/p +you get + i would raar be the king +instead of + i would rather be a king +Right? You should always print lines after changing them +to avoid missing such errors. You can defend against them +by increasing the amount of context you specify; in this +case, for example, you could say + s/the /a /p +and get + i would rather be a king +Often the "$" operator is useful here, if you want to +change the last thing on the line. In the file 'text', +the third line reads + never, never, never, never, never +Edit this file to make the third line read + never, never, never, never, or hardly ever +Rewrite the file and type "ready". +#create Ref +why should a dog, a horse, a rat, have life, +and thou no breath at all? thou'lt come no more, +never, never, never, never, or hardly ever +pray you, undo this button. thank you, sir. +#create text +why should a dog, a horse, a rat, have life, +and thou no breath at all? thou'lt come no more, +never, never, never, never, never +pray you, undo this button. thank you, sir. +#user +#cmp text Ref +#log +#next +42.1a 10 +41.1b 5 +42.2a 6 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L41.1b b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L41.1b new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..9d02aec5165 --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L41.1b @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +#print +There is a mistyped word in the third line of the file "problem". +Fix it, rewrite the file, and type "ready". +#create Ref +The computer costs too much. +No one knows how to use it. +The switchboard in the main office is broken. +It takes too long to get anything done. +#create problem +The computer costs too much. +No one knows how to use it. +The switchboard in thb main office is broken. +It takes too long to get anything done. +#user +#cmp problem Ref +#log +#next +42.1a 10 +42.2a 5 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L42.1a b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L42.1a new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..4d04eb1c61e --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L42.1a @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +#print +Normally the 's' command only changes +the first instance on a line of the expression +it is looking for. Sometimes you want to change +more than one instance. If you put a 'g' after the +command, as in + s/cat/dog/g +all instances of 'cat' will be changed to 'dog'. To +print the result you must say + s/cat/dog/gp +('pg' at the end doesn't work, sorry). +Edit file 'stuff' in this directory to change every +instance of 'green' to 'red' on every line. +Then rewrite the file and type "ready". +#create Ref +red light, village red +red book, red paper, red pencil +red car, red sign, redhorn +#create stuff +green light, village green +green book, green paper, green pencil +green car, green sign, greenhorn +#user +#cmp stuff Ref +#log +#next +43.1a 10 +43.2a 5 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L42.2a b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L42.2a new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..ba649d4a39e --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L42.2a @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +#print +Normally the 's' command only changes the first instance +on a line of the expression it is recognizing. Sometimes you want +to change everything. For example, try the following sequence, +and note the difference between the changes on the two lines. + +ed test +1,2p +1s/cat/cats/p +2s/cat/cats/gp +w +q +ready +#create Ref +the cats in the catalog is a persian cat +the cats in the catsalog is a persian cats +#create test +the cat in the catalog is a persian cat +the cat in the catalog is a persian cat +#user +#cmp test Ref +#log +#next +42.2b 5 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L42.2b b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L42.2b new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..dc2dd431f43 --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L42.2b @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +#print +Now pick up the file 'stuff', change all instances of "green" +everywhere to "red", and then rewrite the file and type "ready". +#create Ref +red light, village red +red book, red paper, red pencil +red car, red sign, redhorn +red with envy +#create stuff +green light, village green +green book, green paper, green pencil +green car, green sign, greenhorn +green with envy +#user +#cmp stuff Ref +#log +#next +42.2c 5 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L42.2c b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L42.2c new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..5f1557add41 --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L42.2c @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +#print +Remember the procedures with '*' for changing one or more +of something into one something. Pick up the file +"sloppy" and on every line, whereever there are several +blanks in a row change them to one blank. This can be done +with one command; it is a very common task. Then rewrite the file +and type "ready". +#create Ref +It seems that medieval art + Alone retains its zest +To charm and please its devotees + We've done our level best +We're not quite sure that all we do + Has the Early English ring +But as far as we can tell + It's something like this sort of thing. +#create sloppy +It seems that medieval art + Alone retains its zest +To charm and please its devotees + We've done our level best +We're not quite sure that all we do + Has the Early English ring +But as far as we can tell + It's something like this sort of thing. +#user +#cmp sloppy Ref +#log +#next +43.1a 10 +43.2a 5 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L43.1a b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L43.1a new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..e73468ed538 --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L43.1a @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +#print +Note that there is quite a list of special characters +recognized by the editor: + . [ * ^ $ & / +What do you do when you want to specifically use +one of these characters as itself, rather than +for its funny meaning? You must precede it by a backslash, +as in + s/\./,/p +which will change the line + x, y. and z +into + x, y, and z +easily. The same works for all the other special +characters. What command would change + * +into + c +Type "answer COMMAND" where COMMAND is of the form + s/.././p +#copyin +#user +#uncopyin +#match s/\*/c/p +#match s/\*/c/ +You forgot the "p" on the end. +#log +#next +44.1a 10 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L43.2a b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L43.2a new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..f8af90eadd2 --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L43.2a @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +#print +Note that there is quite a list of characters that +are special to the editor: + . [ * ^ $ & / +What do you do when you want to use one of these +characters as itself, rather than for its special meaning? +You must precede it by a backlash. For example, how +would you turn + ". +into + ." +Try the following sequence: + +ed test +1,3p +1,3s/"\./."/p +w +q +ready +#create Ref +This is a "quoted word." +Here is "another." +Be "careful." Especially with dots. +#create test +This is a "quoted word". +Here is "another". +Be "careful". Especially with dots. +#user +#cmp test Ref +#log +#next +43.2b 5 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L43.2b b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L43.2b new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..68bf60a6b80 --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L43.2b @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +#print +Pick up the file "line" and change + x, y. and z +into + x, y, and z +Then rewrite the file and type "ready". +#create Ref + x, y, and z +#create line + x, y. and z +#user +#cmp line Ref +#log +#next +43.2c 5 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L43.2c b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L43.2c new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..30b606ecd6a --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L43.2c @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +#print +This is trickier. Change all sequences of several +asterisks into one asterisk. E.g. + *** xxx **** +becomes + * xxx * +The file is named "stars"; edit it +and then rewrite it. Then type "ready". +#create Ref + List of phone numbers + * 6377 * + * 4582 * + * 3968 * +#create stars + List of phone numbers + ** 6377 *** + **** 4582 **** + * 3968 *** +#user +#cmp stars Ref +#log +#next +43.2d 5 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L43.2d b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L43.2d new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..ab4195b26cd --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L43.2d @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +#print +This is trickier. File "name" contains + A T and T Co. +Change it to read + A T & T Co. +Then rewrite it and type "ready". +#create Ref + A T & T Co. +#create name + A T and T Co. +#user +#cmp name Ref +#succeed +I hope you used + s/and/\&/p +and did not retype the line. +#log +#next +44.1a 5 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L44.1a b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L44.1a new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..7ae6dd6a077 --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L44.1a @@ -0,0 +1,43 @@ +#print +You have now learned quite a bit about substitute commands. +Here is a larger task to perform. There is a file 'song' in +this directory. Edit it; print it out, and notice that +there are six mistyped words in it. Fix all of them +and rewrite the file. Then type "ready". +#create Ref +Oh, say can you see + by the dawn's early light +What so proudly we hailed + at the twilight's last gleaming +Whose broad stripes and bright stars + through the perilous night +O'er the ramparts we watched + were so gallantly streaming +And the rocket's red glare, + the bombs bursting in air +Gave proof through the night + that our flag was still there +Oh, say does that star spangled banner yet wave + o'er the land of the free +And the home of the brave? +#create song +Oh, say can yuo see + by the dawn's early light +What so proudly we hailed + at the twilight's last glieaming +Whose broad stxripes and bright stxars + through the perilous night +O'er the ramparts we watched + were so gallantly streammming +And the rocket's red glare, + the bombs bursting in air +Gave proof through thre night + that our flag was still there +Oh, say does that star spangled banner yet wave + o'er the land of the free +And the home of the brave? +#user +#cmp song Ref +#log +#next +44.1b 10 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L44.1b b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L44.1b new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..ffe35d4d382 --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L44.1b @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ +#print +There is a file named "paragraph" in this directory. +It contains three spelling errors, one line is duplicated, +and the last line is missing (the paragraph should end +"has been carefully coded and is now well under control."). +Fix it up and rewrite it. Then type "ready". +#create Ref +Held at arm's length, this program looks pretty impressive. +There is a large assortment of data declarations, followed +by a computation that is evidently complex enough +to warrant a sub-procedure. Declarations are neatly +aligned, and the executable statements are staggered so +as to indicate several levels of control nesting. +There are text strings to suggest the intent of the program, +and mnemonic identifiers to give hints about how the results +are obtained. The general impression conveyed is that +this is a moderately complicated problem that +has been carefully coded and is now well under control. +#create paragraph +Held at arm's length, this program looks pretty impressive. +There is a large assortment of dta declarations, followed +by a computation that is evidently complex enough +to warrant a sub-procedure. Declarations are neatly +aligned, and the executable statements are stagggered so +as to indicate several levels of control nesting. +as to indicate several levels of control nesting. +There are text strings to suggest the intent of the program, +and mnemonic identifiers to give hints about how the results +are obtained. The genreal impression conveyed is that +this is a moderately complicated problem that +#user +#cmp Ref paragraph +#log +#next +44.1c 10 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L44.1c b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L44.1c new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..d3fee4d2ebb --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L44.1c @@ -0,0 +1,49 @@ +#print +There is a file "list" in this directory which contains +some names. Here are the addresses: add them on +lines after the name (i.e. the file should look like: + + Joe Blow + 45 Western Ave. + Elmira, NY 10445 + + Sam Jones + 97 Fifth St. + Oshkosh, WI 52302 + ... +when you are done). + + Name address is +Ford 1600 Pennsylvania Ave., Washington, DC 20515 +Fenwick 1 Morris St., Morristown, NJ 07960 +Rinaldo 308 Main St., Orange, NJ 07050 +Rodino 907 Broad St., Newark NJ 07102 +#create Ref +The Hon. Gerald Ford +1600 Pennsylvania Ave. +Washington, DC 20515 + +The Hon. Millicent Fenwick +1 Morris St. +Morristown, NJ 07960 + +The Hon. Matthew Rinaldo +308 Main St. +Orange, NJ 07050 + +The Hon. Peter Rodino +907 Broad St. +Newark, NJ 07102 +#create list +The Hon. Gerald Ford + +The Hon. Millicent Fenwick + +The Hon. Matthew Rinaldo + +The Hon. Peter Rodino +#user +#cmp Ref list +#log +#next +44.1d 10 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L44.1d b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L44.1d new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..5ac83dd0d90 --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L44.1d @@ -0,0 +1,54 @@ +#print +In file "locs" is a list of Bell Labs locations. +Bring it up to date by + a) replace "Raritan River" by "Piscataway" + b) delete "Denville". + c) insert "Atlanta". + d) spell "Merrimack Valley" correctly. +#create Ref +Allentown +Atlanta +Centennial Park +Chester +Columbus +Crawford Hill +Denver +Grand Forks +Guilford Center +Holmdel +Indianapolis +Indian Hill +Kwajalein +Madison +Merrimack Valley +Murray Hill +Piscataway +Reading +Warren +Whippany +#create locs +Allentown +Centennial Park +Chester +Columbus +Crawford Hill +Denver +Denville +Grand Forks +Guilford Center +Holmdel +Indianapolis +Indian Hill +Kwajalein +Madison +Merimack Valley +Murray Hill +Raritan River +Reading +Warren +Whippany +#user +#cmp locs Ref +#log +#next +44.1e diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L44.1e b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L44.1e new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..042df33fcac --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L44.1e @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +#print +As you've probably noticed, the backslash character "\" +is rather special to the editor (and to other programs +as well). So what do you do when you have to somehow +get a backslash into some text, or to edit it in +or out? + +Getting it in in the first place is quite easy: when +you are appending with "a" (or inserting with "i", or +changing with "c", or reading with "r"), there's +nothing special about "\" at all. To verify this, +add the line + +Two backslashes \\ do not equal one forward slash. + +to the file "junk", re-write it, then type "ready". +#create Ref +This is a file with a silly line in it. +Two backslashes \\ do not equal one forward slash. +#create junk +This is a file with a silly line in it. +#user +#cmp Ref junk +#log +#next +44.1f 10 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L44.1f b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L44.1f new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..b1692874f8a --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L44.1f @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +#print +The next step is to learn how to edit a line +that contains a backslash. On the left side of an "s" +command, you place a "\" before the "\" to turn off +its special meaning, just as for any other special +character like "*" or "[". For example, +if you have the line + c = '\n' +you can change it into + c = 'n' +with the command + s/\\n/n/ +or + s/\\// +(Your choice.) + +Practice by removing all the backslashes from the +file "junk"; when you're done, re-write it and +type "ready". +#create Ref +Now is the time for all good +men to come to the aid of +their party, or something like that. +#create junk +Now is \the \tim\\e for all good +m\\en \to com\\e \to \the aid of +\their par\ty, or som\\e\thing like \tha\t. +#user +#cmp Ref junk +#log +#next +44.1g 10 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L44.1g b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L44.1g new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..b0eb263675f --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L44.1g @@ -0,0 +1,121 @@ +#print +Of course, you can also search for lines that +contain backslashes; again, it's simply a matter +of doubling the backslash in the search pattern. +That is, + /\\/ +finds the next line with a backslash. + +Find the second occurrence of "\n\n" in the file +"prog.c", and type "answer N", where N is its +line number. +#create prog.c + +int nsave = 0; + +selunit() +{ + char fnam[20], s[50]; + static char dobuff[50]; + char posslev[20][20]; + int diff[20], i, k, m, n, best, alts, statb[20]; + FILE *f; + char zb[200]; + static char saved[20]; + + while (ask) { + printf("What lesson? "); + fflush(stdout); + gets(dobuff); + if (strcmp(dobuff, "bye") == 0) + wrapup(0); + level = todo = dobuff; + sprintf(s, "../L%s", dobuff); + if (access(s, 04) == 0) + return; + printf("no such lesson\n"); + } + alts = 0; +retry: + f=scrin; + if (f==NULL) { + sprintf(fnam, "../L%s", level); + f = fopen(fnam, "r"); + if (f==NULL) { + fprintf(stderr, "No script for lesson %s.\n", level); + wrapup(1); + } + while (fgets(zb, 200, f)) { + trim(zb); + if (strcmp(zb, "#next")==0) + break; + } + } + if (feof(f)) { + printf("Congratulations\n\n.You have finished this sequence.\n"); + fflush(stdout); + todo = 0; + return; + } + for(i=0; fgets(s, 50, f); i++) { + sscanf(s, "%s %d", &posslev[i], &diff[i]); + } + best = -1; + /* cycle through lessons from random start */ + /* first try the current place, failing that back up to + last place there are untried alternatives (but only one backup) */ + n = grand()%i; + for(k=0; k<i; k++) { + m = (n+k)%i; + if (already(posslev[m])) continue; + if (best<0) best=m; + /* real alternatives */ + alts++; + if (abs(diff[m]-speed) < abs(diff[best]-speed)) + best=m; + } + if (best < 0 && nsave) { + nsave--; + strcpy(level, saved); + goto retry; + } + if (best <0) { + /* lessons exhausted or missing */ + printf("Sorry, there are no alternative lessons at this stage.\n"); + printf("See someone for help.\n\n"); + fflush(stdout); + todo = 0; + return; + } + strcpy (dobuff, posslev[best]); + if (alts>1) { + nsave=1; + strcpy (saved, level); + } + todo = dobuff; + fclose(f); +} + +abs(x) +{ + return(x>=0? x: -x); +} + +grand() +{ + static int garbage; + int a[2], b; + + time(a); + b = a[1]+10*garbage++; + return(b&077777); +} +#copyin +#user +#uncopyin +#match 73 +#bad 43 +The second______ one. +#log +#next +44.1h 10 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L44.1h b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L44.1h new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..c8db43ef05f --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L44.1h @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +#print +The next trick is to substitute a "\" into a line. +The same idea holds: simply double the backslash, +but this time on the right side of the "s" command. + +In the file "prog.c", convert every + 'n' +into + "\n" +Re-write the file, and type "ready". +#create Ref + x = "\n"; + y = 'nop'; + z = 'lmn'; + q = "n"; + r = "\n"+1; + s = "\n" - "\n"; +#create prog.c + x = 'n'; + y = 'nop'; + z = 'lmn'; + q = "n"; + r = 'n'+1; + s = 'n' - 'n'; +#user +#cmp Ref prog.c +#log +#next +44.1i 10 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L44.1i b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L44.1i new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..df4964cfdcc --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L44.1i @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +#print +One last one with "\". Add the following to +the end of the first line in file "temp", +separated by a single blank. + +/* &"\n" isn't &'\n' */ + +You can do it by re-typing the line, but it's +a nice exercise to use "s". +Type "ready" after you have re-written the file. +#create Ref +p = &"\n"; /* &"\n" isn't &'\n' */ +#create temp +p = &"\n"; +#user +#cmp temp Ref +#log +#next +45.1a 10 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L45.1a b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L45.1a new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..c2174f988b9 --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L45.1a @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ +#print +There is one last class of substitutions that +you should know about: converting one line +into two or more by substituting a newline +into the middle. Suppose you want to split the +line + Now is the time for all good men +into + Now is the time + for all good men +without re-typing. The substitute command is + s/time /time\ + / +The backslash indicates that a newline is to be +inserted at that point; the rest of the "s" +command is actually typed on a new line. + +Practice by splitting the first line in file +"btl" into + +Bell Laboratories +Murray Hill, NJ 07974 + +using the "s" command as illustrated above. +Be sure to delete the comma and space properly. +Re-write the file, then type "ready". +#create Ref +Bell Laboratories +Murray Hill, NJ 07974 +#create btl +Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 +#user +#cmp btl Ref +#log +#next +45.1b diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L45.1b b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L45.1b new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..a02865e73f4 --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L45.1b @@ -0,0 +1,34 @@ +#print +The opposite command to splitting is joining. +But this isn't done with a "s" as you might expect; +it uses an entirely separate command called "j" +(for "join"). To join two or more adjacent (!) +lines, such as lines 3 through 6, simply type + 3,6j +You can add a "p" at the end to see the result. + +If you don't specify any lines, "j" by itself joins +line "." and ".+1". +In no case does "j" add any extra blanks -- you have +to put them in for yourself if you want them. + +The file "split" has six lines. Convert it into +three lines by joining 1 and 2, 3 and 4, and 5 and 6. +Make sure that the words are separated by spaces. +Re-write, then type "ready". +#create Ref +Check your arithmetic: avoid costly mistakes. +Attach W-2 forms: they must be attached to your return. +Sign your return: your spouse must sign too. +#create split +Check your arithmetic: +avoid costly mistakes. +Attach W-2 forms: +they must be attached to your return. +Sign your return: +your spouse must sign too. +#user +#cmp Ref split +#log +#next +50.1a diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L5.1a b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L5.1a new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..0dc34fddd7e --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L5.1a @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +#print +The most frequently used editor command is + p +which prints out a line. Try that now. +Type the command sequence + +p +w +q + +to print out a line, and then write out the file. +Then type "ready". +#create Ref +This is the line to be printed. Don't forget w, then q. +56 +#create file +This is the line to be printed. Don't forget w, then q. +#copyout +#pipe +ed file +#user +#unpipe +#uncopyout +tail -2 .ocopy >X2 +#cmp Ref X2 +#log +#next +6.1a 5 +6.2a 2 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L50.1a b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L50.1a new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..81bd91d9d7f --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L50.1a @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ +#print +So far all the addresses you have used have been +either line numbers, '$', or '.' (or combinations +thereof). The most useful addresses are none of +those, but are specifications of lines by content. +Anything you can ask the substitute command +to find in a line, you can ask the editor to find +in a file. In particular, + /xx/p +is a valid command with a line address + /xx/ +and the 'p' command operator. The address + /xx/ +means 'the next line containing an "xx"'. +So this command prints out the next line which +has an "xx" on it. Edit the file 'text' and +print the line which has 'cat' on it. Then +leave the editor and type "ready". +#create text +This is a short list of +things you might find +in the Sears, Roebuck +catalog. + tools + furniture + electrical parts + clothes + appliances + garden equipment. +#copyout +#user +#uncopyout +grep catalog\. .ocopy >/dev/null +#log +#next +50.1b 10 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L50.1b b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L50.1b new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..0dd3895f809 --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L50.1b @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +#print +You can use all the special characters in the +search commands. For example, + /^cat/p +prints the first line that BEGINS with 'cat'. +You can even leave out the 'p': + /^cat/ +does the same thing. + +Now go into file 'text' with the editor and +print the first line that ENDS with 'dog'. +Then leave the editor and type 'ready'. +#create text +This is a file which +contains several occurrences +of the word 'dog' in several +places. It would be a doggone +shame if you didn't find +the right dog +to print out. +#copyout +#user +#uncopyout +grep 'dog$' text >X1 +grep 'dog' .ocopy >X3 +tail -1 X3 >X2 +#cmp X1 X2 +#log +#next +50.1c 10 +50.2c 5 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L50.1c b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L50.1c new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..3ed8c33e157 --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L50.1c @@ -0,0 +1,54 @@ +#print +You can use other commands than 'p' with these +context search addresses, of course. For example, + /abc.e/s/ab/xx/p +will + (1) search for the next line containing the + expression "abc.e", which matches any line that + has an 'a', then a 'b', then a 'c', then + anything, then an 'e' (so that it matches + "abcde", "abcxe", "abc9e", but not "abceq"); + (2) on that line, change the first "ab" to an "xx". +Edit file 'county'; find the line with 'pacific' on it +and change it to 'ocean'. Then rewrite the file +and type "ready". +#create Ref +passaic +bergen +sussex +hudson +essex +warren +morris +hunderdon +somerset +union +ocean +monmouth +middlesex +mercer +cumberland +cape may +#create county +passaic +bergen +sussex +hudson +essex +warren +morris +hunderdon +somerset +union +pacific +monmouth +middlesex +mercer +cumberland +cape may +#user +#cmp county Ref +#log +#next +51.1a 10 +50.2e 5 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L50.2c b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L50.2c new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..72853d2a1c8 --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L50.2c @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +#print +Edit file "junk" and print the first line +that contains either "color" or "Color". +Then leave the editor and type "ready". +#create junk +this file contains +a few random lines +much noise +bright Colors +other stuff +colored paper +and color by Technicolor +#create x2 +bright Colors +#copyout +#user +#uncopyout +grep olor .ocopy >x1 +#cmp x1 x2 +#log +#next +50.2d 5 +50.1c 10 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L50.2d b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L50.2d new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..48ad25798de --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L50.2d @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +#print +In file "text" print the first +line which contains any of the +words "them", "these", "their", or "there" +(you need only distinguish "the"; that is, +look for the letters "t", "h", and "e" followed +by something other than a blank). Delete the +line you find ; then rewrite the file +and type "ready". +#create Ref +the leaves do not have enough room to hold all the food +that plants make. much of the food has to be stored in remote parts +of the plant. +we eat the parts of plants where the most food is stored. the +carrot plant stores food in its roots. We eat the roots of carrots. +the celery plant stores food in its leaf stalks, which are the parts +the fruits of these plants to get the stored food in them. + some kinds of plants have ways of protecting their stored food. +#create text +the leaves do not have enough room to hold all the food +that plants make. much of the food has to be stored in remote parts +of the plant. +we eat the parts of plants where the most food is stored. the +carrot plant stores food in its roots. We eat the roots of carrots. +the celery plant stores food in its leaf stalks, which are the parts +we eat. many kinds of plants store food in their fruits. we eat +the fruits of these plants to get the stored food in them. + some kinds of plants have ways of protecting their stored food. +#user +#cmp text Ref +#log +#next +50.1c 10 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L50.2e b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L50.2e new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..73408a0246d --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L50.2e @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +#print +Please edit a file named "news" and find the +first word containing the three letters "ufa". +Make the word plural, rewrite the file, and +type "ready". +#create Ref +It was announced today in +Washington that the GNP was +up at an annual rate of 8.2 % +in the third quarter of 1975. +Fishing and agriculture declined +slightly but manufactures increased +substantially. The overall gain +was impressive and confirms economic recovery. +#create news +It was announced today in +Washington that the GNP was +up at an annual rate of 8.2 % +in the third quarter of 1975. +Fishing and agriculture declined +slightly but manufacture increased +substantially. The overall gain +was impressive and confirms economic recovery. +#user +#cmp news Ref +#log +#next +50.2f 10 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L50.2f b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L50.2f new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..f25f7153474 --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L50.2f @@ -0,0 +1,343 @@ +#print +Look in the file "story". Somewhere is a line +containing the word "season". Find it, and find +what line number it has. Leave the editor +and type "answer N" where N is the line number +of the line containing the word "season". +The file is too long for you to print it all, +by the way. +#create story +All +of +the +Big +Cats, +as +well +as +the +lesser +ones, +have +wonderful +eyes. +They +can +see +clearly +even +on +a +dark +night. +this +is +because +of +the +way +they +are +made. +There +is +a +sort +of +window +in +each +eye. +This +window +is +called +the +pupil. +It +is +black +and +is +placed +in +the +center +of +the +colored +part +of +the +eye. +The +pupil +lets +light +come +in +and +reach +a +kind +of +mirror +at +the +back +of +each +eye. +These +mirrors +reflect +everything +that +is +in +front +of +the +eyes. +Right +away +a +special +nerve +carries +these +reflected +pictures +to +the +brain. +I'm +learning +to +be +a +detective +-- +not +the +kind +who +solves +crimes +from +fingerprints, +pieces +of +clothing, +or +the +cross-examining +of +witnesses +-- +I'm +learning +to +be +a +nature +detective. +The +mysteries +I +trace +happen +in +the +woods, +in +the +park, +and +in +my +own +backyard. +Animals +come +and +go +when +I'm +not +there +to +see +them, +but +usually +they +leave +clues +behind. +From +such +clues +and +other +animal +signs, +you +and +I +will +piece +together +some +exciting +stories. +We +will +detect +which +animals +went +where, +what +they +did, +and +sometimes +what +they +ate. +Whenever +there +is +snow +on +the +ground, +you +are +sure +to +find +track +stories +written +in +it. +Animals +travel +by +air +by +water +and +by +land. +Some +run +very +fast. +Some +hop +or +jump +along +the +ground. +Others +walk +more +slowly, +or +crawl +still +more +slowly. +Do +you +know +that +plants +are +travelers, +too? +And +that +they +also +travel +by +land, +by +water +and +by +air? +Most +plants +stay +in +the +same +spot +from +the +time +they +begin +to +grow +until +they +die. +But +the +next +season +you +find +many +of +them +growing +in +new +places. +How +do +they +get +there? +Some +plants +travel +by +land. +They +have +seeds +that +fall +to +the +ground +and +grow +there. +Others +send +out +offshoots +or +sprouts +which +start +new +plants +nearby. +#copyin +#user +#uncopyin +#match 286 +#log +#next +50.2g 10 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L50.2g b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L50.2g new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..3690bbb08d7 --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L50.2g @@ -0,0 +1,52 @@ +#print +The file "amend" contains an erroneous copy of the first +four amendments to the Constitution. Find the line +saying "suspicion" and change it to read +"but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation," +and then rewrite the file and type "ready". +#create Ref +1. Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, +or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, +or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, +and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances. + +2. A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security +of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear arms +shall not be infringed. + +3. No Soldier shall, in time of peace, be quartered +in any house without the consent of the Owner, nor in time +of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law. + +4. The right of the people to be secure in their persons, +houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and +seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, +but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, +and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the +persons or things to be seized. +#create amend +1. Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, +or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, +or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, +and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances. + +2. A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security +of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear arms +shall not be infringed. + +3. No Soldier shall, in time of peace, be quartered +in any house without the consent of the Owner, nor in time +of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law. + +4. The right of the people to be secure in their persons, +houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and +seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, +but upon suspicion, +and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the +persons or things to be seized. +#user +#cmp amend Ref +#log +#next +51.1a 10 +51.2a 5 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L51.1a b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L51.1a new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..3012c3492ad --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L51.1a @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +#print +You can also use relative addresses of the +1 or -1 +sort with context searches. For example, to +print the line after a line containing "cat", +you can say + /cat/+1p +How would you print the line before the next line +containing the word "help" at the beginning +of the line? Try some experiments if you want, +but in the end type "answer COMMAND" where COMMAND +is the correct command to do that. +#copyin +#user +#uncopyin +#match /^help/-1p +#match /^help/-1 +#match /^help/- +#match /^help/-p +#succeed +The "p" isn't necessary, of course. +#cmp X1 X2 +#log +#next +52.1a 10 +52.2a 5 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L51.2a b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L51.2a new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..5b1ffb2e3c9 --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L51.2a @@ -0,0 +1,83 @@ +#print +You can also use relative addresses of the +1 or -1 +sort with context searches. For example, to print the +line after the line containing "cat", you could say + + /cat/+1p + +Here is a file "text". Print the line before the line +containing "florin". Then leave the editor and type "ready". +#create text + The United Netherlands are a confederacy of republics, +or rather of aristocracies of a very remarkable texture, yet +confirming all the lessons derived from those which we +have already reviewed. + The union is composed of seven coequal and sovereign +states, and each state or province is a composition of +equal and independent cities. In all important cases, not +only the provinces but the cities must be unanimous. + The sovereignty of the union is represented by the +States-General, consisting usually of about fifty deputies +appointed by the provinces. They hold their seats, some +for life, some for six, three, and one years; from two +provinces they continue in appointment during pleasure. + The States-General have authority to enter into +treaties and alliances; to make war and peace; to raise +armies and equip fleets; to ascertain quotas and +demand contributions. In all these cases, however, unanimity +and sanction of their constituents are requisite. +They have authority to appoint and receive ambassadors; +to execute treaties and alliances already formed; to +provide for the collection of duties on imports and exports; +to regulate the mint with a saving to the provincial +rights; to govern as sovereigns the dependent territories. +The provinces are restrained, unless with the general +consent, from entering into foreign treaties; from +establishing imposts injurious to others, or charging +their neighbors with higher duties than their own subjects. A +council of state, a chamber of accounts, with five colleges +of admiralty, aid and fortify the federal administration. + The executive magistrate of the Union is the +stadtholder, who is now an hereditary prince. His principal +weight and influence in the republic are derived from his +independent title; from his great patrimonial estates; +from his family connections with some of the chief +potentates of Europe; and, more that all, perhaps, from his +being stadtholder in the several provinces, as well as for +the Union; in which provincial quality he has the +appointment of town magistrates under certain regulations, +executes provincial decrees, presides when he pleases in +the provincial tribunals, and has throughout the power +of pardon. + As stadtholder of the Union, he has, however, +considerable prerogatives. + In his political capacity he has authority to settle +disputes between the provinces, when other methods fail; to +assist at the deliberations of the States-General and at +their particular conferences; to give audiences to foreign +ambassadors and to keep agents for his particular affairs +at foreign courts. + In his military capacity he commands the federal +troops, provides for garrisons, and in general regulates +military affairs; disposes of all appointments, from +colonels to ensigns, and of the governments and posts of +fortified towns. + In his marine capacity he is admiral-general and +superintends and directs every thing relative to naval forces +and other naval affairs; presides in the admiralties in +person or by proxy; appoints lieutenant-admirals and +other officers; and establishes councils of war, whose +sentences are not executed till he approves them. + His revenue, exclusive of his private income, amounts +to 300,000 florins. The standing army which he commands +consists of about 40,000 men. +#create x2 + His revenue, exclusive of his private income, amounts +#copyout +#user +#uncopyout +grep exclusive .ocopy >x1 +#cmp x1 x2 +#log +#next +51.2b 5 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L51.2b b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L51.2b new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..0d093f3ef0d --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L51.2b @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +#print +Suppose you have a memo in a file and +the line with the title is preceded by a line +with "TL" on it. What command would print +the title? Reply + +answer COMMAND + +where COMMAND is the search-and-print command to do that. +#copyin +#user +#uncopyin +#match /TL/+1p +#match /TL/+ +#match /TL/1 +#match /TL/1p +#match /TL/+p +#match /TL/+1 +#log +#next +51.2c 5 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L51.2c b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L51.2c new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..7f42ccacb1c --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L51.2c @@ -0,0 +1,93 @@ +#print +How would you look for a blank line? Do you +understand + + /^$/p + +Note this command: it looks for the beginning of the +line, followed immediately by the end of the line. If +there are any characters in between, it will keep +looking for a line with no__ characters at all. All right. +The file "text" contains an extraneous blank line. +Delete it and rewrite the file. +#create Ref + When the people of America reflect that they are now +called upon to decide a question, which in its consequences +must prove one of the most important that ever +engaged their attention, the propriety of their taking a +very comprehensive, as well as a very serious, view of it +will be evident. + Nothing is more certain than the indispensable necessity +of government; and it is equally undeniable that +whenever and however it is instituted, the people must +cede to it some of their natural rights, in order to vest it +with requisite powers. It is well worthy of consideration, +therefore, whether it would conduce more to the interest +of the people of America that they should, to all +general purposes, be one nation, under one federal government, +than that they should divide themselves into +separate confederacies and give to the head of each the +same kind of powers which they are advised to place in +one national government. + It has until lately been a received and uncontradicted +opinion that the prosperity of the people of America +depended on their continuing firmly united, and the wishes, +prayers, and efforts of our best and wisest citizens have +been constantly directed to that object. But politicians +now appear who insist that this opinion is erroneous, +and that instead of looking for safety and happiness in +union, we ought to seek it in a division of the States +into distinct confederacies or sovereignties. However +extraordinary this new doctrine may appear, it nevertheless +has its advocates; and certain characters who were +much opposed to it formerly are at present of the number. +Whatever may be the arguments or inducements +which have wrought this change in the sentiments and +declarations of these gentlemen, it certainly would not be +wise in the people at large to adopt these new political +tenets without being fully convinced that they are founded +in truth and sound policy. +#create text + When the people of America reflect that they are now +called upon to decide a question, which in its consequences +must prove one of the most important that ever +engaged their attention, the propriety of their taking a +very comprehensive, as well as a very serious, view of it +will be evident. + Nothing is more certain than the indispensable necessity +of government; and it is equally undeniable that +whenever and however it is instituted, the people must +cede to it some of their natural rights, in order to vest it +with requisite powers. It is well worthy of consideration, +therefore, whether it would conduce more to the interest +of the people of America that they should, to all +general purposes, be one nation, under one federal government, +than that they should divide themselves into +separate confederacies and give to the head of each the +same kind of powers which they are advised to place in +one national government. + It has until lately been a received and uncontradicted +opinion that the prosperity of the people of America +depended on their continuing firmly united, and the wishes, +prayers, and efforts of our best and wisest citizens have +been constantly directed to that object. But politicians +now appear who insist that this opinion is erroneous, +and that instead of looking for safety and happiness in +union, we ought to seek it in a division of the States +into distinct confederacies or sovereignties. However +extraordinary this new doctrine may appear, it nevertheless +has its advocates; and certain characters who were +much opposed to it formerly are at present of the number. +Whatever may be the arguments or inducements +which have wrought this change in the sentiments and +declarations of these gentlemen, it certainly would not be +wise in the people at large to adopt these new political + +tenets without being fully convinced that they are founded +in truth and sound policy. +#user +#cmp Ref text +#log +#next +52.1a 10 +52.2a 5 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L52.1a b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L52.1a new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..c1d36b76692 --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L52.1a @@ -0,0 +1,71 @@ +#print +A very powerful tool is to use pairs of addresses +which include searches. For example, to print +all lines from the present line to the next line +containing "stop", say + .,/stop/p +(remember that "." is the present line). In this +directory is a file "outline". Find the line that +begins "B.3.i". Note that this line, and the next +few lines, should begin "A..." for consistency. +(Print the whole file to see what's wrong). +Change all lines from this line to +the line beginning "B.3.v" to begin "A.3". +Then rewrite the file and type "ready". +#create Ref +First section +A.1.i Introduction +A.1.ii Definitions +Second section +A.2.i Scope +A.2.ii Date effective +A.2.iii Who covered +Third section +A.3.i Governing committee +A.3.ii Chairman's election +A.3.iii Board terms +A.3.iv Board elections +A.3.v Removal procedure +Fourth section +A.4.i Meetings +A.4.ii Place of meeting +A.4.iii Frequency of meetings +Fifth section +A.5.i Record keeping +A.5.ii Corresponding secretary +A.5.iii Recording secretary +A.5.iv Financial records +#create outline +First section +A.1.i Introduction +A.1.ii Definitions +Second section +A.2.i Scope +A.2.ii Date effective +A.2.iii Who covered +Third section +B.3.i Governing committee +B.3.ii Chairman's election +B.3.iii Board terms +B.3.iv Board elections +B.3.v Removal procedure +Fourth section +A.4.i Meetings +A.4.ii Place of meeting +A.4.iii Frequency of meetings +Fifth section +A.5.i Record keeping +A.5.ii Corresponding secretary +A.5.iii Recording secretary +A.5.iv Financial records +#user +#cmp outline Ref +#succeed +You got it right: I hope you found that the easiest +way to change the file would be with the commands + /B.3.i/p + .,/B.3.v/s/B/A/ +or some such series. +#log +#next +52.1b 10 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L52.1b b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L52.1b new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..2ccba77de9a --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L52.1b @@ -0,0 +1,60 @@ +#print +Even more powerful is to use two context +searches for the pair of addresses +in front of a command. For example + /abc/,/def/p +will print all lines from the one that +contains "abc" to the one that contains +"def". In this directory is a file +"phone". On every line between +"Pinson" and "Johnson" change "tel" to "ext". +(Again, print the whole file first to see +what's going on here and why the file is bad.) +Then rewrite the corrected file and +type "ready". +#create Ref + telephone numbers + +McIlroy M D ext 6050 +Aho A V ext 4862 +Baker B S ext 6503 +Cherry L L ext 6067 +Knowlton K ext 2328 +Morris R ext 3878 +Ossanna J F ext 3520 +Thompson K ext 2394 + +Pinson E N ext 2582 +Bourne S R ext 7419 +Elliot R J ext 2879 +Fraser A G ext 3685 +Johnson S C ext 3968 +Kernighan B W ext 6021 +Ritchie D M ext 3770 +Vollaro J R ext 6321 +#create phone + telephone numbers + +McIlroy M D ext 6050 +Aho A V ext 4862 +Baker B S ext 6503 +Cherry L L ext 6067 +Knowlton K ext 2328 +Morris R ext 3878 +Ossanna J F ext 3520 +Thompson K ext 2394 + +Pinson E N tel 2582 +Bourne S R tel 7419 +Elliot R J tel 2879 +Fraser A G tel 3685 +Johnson S C tel 3968 +Kernighan B W ext 6021 +Ritchie D M ext 3770 +Vollaro J R ext 6321 +#user +#cmp phone Ref +#log +#next +53.1a 10 +52.2c 5 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L52.2a b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L52.2a new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..f8858c6f9dd --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L52.2a @@ -0,0 +1,61 @@ +#print +You can use pairs of addresses which involve searches. For example, +to print all lines from the first line until the next line containing +"stop", say + + 1,/stop/p + +In this directory is a file "list". Print all lines from +the first line to a line containing "023". Then leave the editor +and type "ready". +#create list +bio011 +bio012 +bio013 +bio014 +bio015 +bio016 +bio017 +bio021 +bio022 +bio023 +bio024 +bio025 +bio026 +bio027 +bio028 +bio031 +bio032 +bio033 +bio034 +bio035 +bio036 +bio037 +bio038 +bio041 +bio042 +bio043 +bio044 +bio045 +bio046 +bio047 +bio051 +#create x2 +bio011 +bio012 +bio013 +bio014 +bio015 +bio016 +bio017 +bio021 +bio022 +bio023 +#copyout +#user +#uncopyout +grep bio .ocopy >x1 +#cmp x1 x2 +#log +#next +52.2b 5 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L52.2b b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L52.2b new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..ce292b2b289 --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L52.2b @@ -0,0 +1,65 @@ +#print +In this directory is a file "outline". Find the line that +begins "B.3.i". Note that this line, and the next few +lines, should begin "A"... for consistency. +(Print the whole file to see what is going on. It's fairly short.) +Change all lines from the line beginning "B.3.i" to the line +beginning "B.3.v" to begin "A.3". Then rewrite the file +and type "ready". +#create Ref +First section +A.1.i Introduction +A.1.ii Definitions +Second section +A.2.i Scope +A.2.ii Date effective +A.2.iii Who covered +Third section +A.3.i Governing committee +A.3.ii Chairman's election +A.3.iii Board terms +A.3.iv Board elections +A.3.v Removal procedure +Fourth section +A.4.i Meetings +A.4.ii Place of meeting +A.4.iii Frequency of meetings +Fifth section +A.5.i Record keeping +A.5.ii Corresponding secretary +A.5.iii Recording secretary +A.5.iv Financial records +#create outline +First section +A.1.i Introduction +A.1.ii Definitions +Second section +A.2.i Scope +A.2.ii Date effective +A.2.iii Who covered +Third section +B.3.i Governing committee +B.3.ii Chairman's election +B.3.iii Board terms +B.3.iv Board elections +B.3.v Removal procedure +Fourth section +A.4.i Meetings +A.4.ii Place of meeting +A.4.iii Frequency of meetings +Fifth section +A.5.i Record keeping +A.5.ii Corresponding secretary +A.5.iii Recording secretary +A.5.iv Financial records +#user +#cmp outline Ref +#succeed +You got it right: I hope you found that the easiest +way to change the file would be with the commands + /B.3.i/p + .,/B.3.v/s/B/A/ +or some such series. +#log +#next +52.1b 10 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L52.2c b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L52.2c new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..b9d31ba624c --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L52.2c @@ -0,0 +1,56 @@ +#print +In this directory is a file "memo". Between the line +containing "I." and the line containing "II." +change all multiple blanks to one blank. +Then rewrite the file and type "ready". +#create Ref +.TL +The Time Has Come +.AU +Joe Idiot +.AI +Bell Labs +Murray Hill, NJ 07974 +.SH +I. Introduction +.PP +This document describes the problems of +designing complex systems without adequately +trained manpower. The solution adopted was +to trick 90% of the staff into thinking they +were working on the system when in fact they were not. +This let the remaining 1:0% of the staff actually get +the thing built. +.SH +II. Details +.PP +The project began on June 1, 1974. It was completed +on Sept. 1, 1975 and has worked successfully since then. +#create memo +.TL +The Time Has Come +.AU +Joe Idiot +.AI +Bell Labs +Murray Hill, NJ 07974 +.SH +I. Introduction +.PP +This document describes the problems of +designing complex systems without adequately +trained manpower. The solution adopted was +to trick 90% of the staff into thinking they +were working on the system when in fact they were not. +This let the remaining 1:0% of the staff actually get +the thing built. +.SH +II. Details +.PP +The project began on June 1, 1974. It was completed +on Sept. 1, 1975 and has worked successfully since then. +#user +#cmp memo Ref +#log +#next +53.1a 10 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L53.1a b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L53.1a new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..c3c5a8b0499 --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L53.1a @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +#print +Note that the // searches always go forward. +Sometimes you want to go backward, to find +some expression on a line before the +one you are now working on. +In that case you can search with a command like + ?abc?p +which prints the nearest preceding line which +contains 'abc'. What command would print +the nearest previous line that ends in "cat"? +Type "answer COMMAND" when you figure it out. +#copyin +#user +#uncopyin +#match ?cat$?p +The "p" isn't needed, but use it if you like too. +#match ?cat$? +#cmp X1 X2 +#log +#next +54.1a 10 +53.2b 7 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L53.2b b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L53.2b new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..f3b131513e3 --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L53.2b @@ -0,0 +1,416 @@ +#print +There is a big file "federal" in this directory. +It contains the following mistyped words: + Typed as Should be +cotnend contend +aalarm alarm +exedient expedient +drabel durable +ugdes judges +trame trample +viws views + +Fix things up, rewrite the file, and then type "ready". +#create Ref +Among the numerous advantages promised by a well-constructed +Union, none deserves to be more accurately +developed than its tendency to break and control the violence +of faction. +The friend of popular governments never finds himself +so much alarmed for their character and fate as when he +contemplates their propensity to this dangerous vice. +He will not fail, therefore, to set a due value on +any plan which, without violating the principles to which +he is attached, provides a proper cure for it. +The instability, injustice, and confusion introduced into the public +councils have, in truth, been the mortal diseases under +which popular governments have everywhere perished, as +they continue to be the favorite and fruitful topics from +which the adversaries to liberty derive their most specious +declamations. +The valuable improvements made by the American constitutions +on the popular models, both ancient +and modern, cannot certainly be too much admired; +but it would be an unwarrantable partiality to contend +that they have as effectually obviated the danger on this +side, as was wished and expected. +Complaints are everywhere heard from our most considerate and virtuous +citizens, equally the friends of public and private faith +and of public and personal liberty, that out governments +are too unstable, that the public good is disregarded in +the conflicts of rival parties, and that measures are too +often decided, not according to the rules of justice and +the rights of the minor party, but by the superior force +of an interested and overbearing majority. +However anxiously we may wish that these complaints had no +foundation, the evidence of known facts will not permit +us to deny that they are in some degree true. +It will be found, indeed, on a candid review of our situation, that +some of the distresses under which we labor have been +erroneously charged on the operation of our governments; +but it will be found, at the same time, that other +causes will not alone account for many of our heaviest +misfortunes; and, particularly, for that prevailing and increasing +distrust of public engagements and alarm for +private rights which are echoed from one end of the +continent to the other. +These must be chiefly, if not wholly, +effects of the unsteadiness and injustice with +which a factious spirit has tainted out public administration. + By a faction I understand a number of citizens, +whether amounting to a majority or minority of the whole, +who are united and actuated by some common impulse +of passion, or of interest, adverse to the rights of other +citizens, or to the permanent and aggregate interests of +the community. + There are two methods of curing the mischiefs of +faction: The one, +by removing its causes; the other, by controlling +its effects. + There are again two methods of removing the causes of faction: +The one, by destroying the liberty which is essential to its existence; +The other, by giving to every +citizen the same opinions, the same passions, and the +same interests. + It could never be more truly said than of the first +remedy that it was worse than the disease. +Liberty is to +faction what air is to fire, an ailment without which it +instantly expires. +But it could not be less folly to +abolish liberty, which is essential to political life, +because it nourishes faction than it would be to wish the +annihilation of air, which is essential to animal life, +because it imparts to dire its destructive agency. + The second expedient is as impracticable as the first +would be unwise. +As long as the reason of man continues +fallible, and he is at liberty to exercise it, different +opinions will be formed. +As long as the connection subsists +between his reason and his self-love, his opinions and his +passions will have a reciprocal influence on each other; +and the former will be objects to which the latter will +attach themselves. +The diversity in the faculties of men, +from which the rights of property originate, is not less an +insuperable obstacle to the uniformity of interests. +The protection of these faculties is the first object of +government. +From the protection of different and unequal +faculties of acquiring property, the possession of +different degrees and kinds of property immediately results; +and from the influence of these on the sentiments and views +of the respective proprietors ensues a division of the +society into different interests and parties. + The latent causes of faction are thus sown in the +nature of man; and we see them everywhere brought +into different degrees of activity, according to the +different circumstances of civil society. +A zeal for different opinions +concerning religion, concerning government, and +many other points, as well of speculation as of practice; +an attachment to different leaders ambitiously contending +for pre-eminence and power; or to persons of other +descriptions whose fortunes have been interesting to the +human passions, have, in turn, divided mankind into +parties, inflamed them with mutual animosity, and +rendered them much more disposed to vex and oppress each +other than to co-operate for their common goal. +So strong is this propensity of mankind to fall into mutual +animosities that where no substantial occasion presents +itself the most frivolous and fanciful distinctions have +been sufficient to kindle their unfriendly passions and +excite their most violent conflicts. +But the most common and durable +source of factions has been the verious +and unequal distribution of property. +Those who hold and those who are without +property have ever formed distinct +interests in society. +Those who are creditors, and those +who are debtors, fall under a like discrimination. +A landed interest, a manufacturing interest, +a mercantile interest, a moneyed interest, +with many lesser interests, grow up of +necessity in civilized nations, and divided them into +different classes, actuated by different sentiments and views. +The regulation of these various and interfering interests +involves the spirit of party and faction in the necessary +and ordinary operations of government. + No man is allowed to be a judge in has own cause, +because his interest would certainly bias his judgement, +and, not improbably, corrupt his integrity. +With equal, nay with greater reason, a body +of men are unfit to be both judges and parties at the same time; +yet what are many of the most important acts of +legislation but so many judicial determinations, +not indeed concerning the +rights of single person, but concerning the rights of large +bodies of citizens? +And what are the different classes of legislators but +advocates and parties to the causes which +they determine? +Is a law proposed concerning private +debts? +It is a question to which the creditors are parties +one one side and the debtors on the other. +Justice ought to hold the balance +between them. +Yet the parties are, and must be, +themselves the judges; and the most numerous +party, or in other words, the most powerful faction must +be expected to prevail. +Shall domestic manufacturers be +encouraged, and in what degree, by restrictions on foreign +manufacturers? +are questions which would be differently +decided by the landed and the manufacturing classes, and +probably by neither with a sole regard to justice and the +public good. +The apportionment of taxes on the various +descriptions of property is an act which seems to require +the most exact impartiality; yet there is, perhaps, no +legislative act in which greater opportunity and +temptation are given to a predominant party to trample on the +rules of justice. +Every shilling with which they overburden the inferior +number is a shilling saved to their own pockets. + It is in vain to say that enlightened statesmen will be +able to adjust these clashing interests and render them +all subservient to the public good. +Enlightened statesmen will not +always be at the helm. +Nor, in many cases, can +such an adjustment be made at all without taking into +view indirect and remote considerations, which will rarely +prevail over the immediate interest which one party may +find in disregarding the rights of another or the good of +the whole. + The inference to which we are brought is that the causes +of faction cannot be removed and that relief is only to be +sought in the means of controlling its effects. + If a faction consists of less than a majority, relief is +supplied by the republican principle, which enables the +majority to defeat its sinister views by regular vote. +It may clog the administration, it may convulse the society; +But it will be unable to execute and mask its violence +under the forms of the Constitution. +When a majority is included in a faction, +The form of popular government, on +the other hand, enables it to sacrifice to its ruling passion +or interest both the public good and the rights of other +citizens. +To secure the public good and private rights +against the danger of such a faction, and at the same +time to preserve the spirit and form of popular +government, is than the great object to which our inquiries +are directed. +Let me add that it is the great desideratum by which +alone this form of government can be rescued from +the opprobrium under which it has so long labored and +be recommended to the esteem and adoption of mankind. +#create federal +Among the numerous advantages promised by a well-constructed +Union, none deserves to be more accurately +developed than its tendency to break and control the violence +of faction. +The friend of popular governments never finds himself +so much alarmed for their character and fate as when he +contemplates their propensity to this dangerous vice. +He will not fail, therefore, to set a due value on +any plan which, without violating the principles to which +he is attached, provides a proper cure for it. +The instability, injustice, and confusion introduced into the public +councils have, in truth, been the mortal diseases under +which popular governments have everywhere perished, as +they continue to be the favorite and fruitful topics from +which the adversaries to liberty derive their most specious +declamations. +The valuable improvements made by the American constitutions +on the popular models, both ancient +and modern, cannot certainly be too much admired; +but it would be an unwarrantable partiality to cotnend +that they have as effectually obviated the danger on this +side, as was wished and expected. +Complaints are everywhere heard from our most considerate and virtuous +citizens, equally the friends of public and private faith +and of public and personal liberty, that out governments +are too unstable, that the public good is disregarded in +the conflicts of rival parties, and that measures are too +often decided, not according to the rules of justice and +the rights of the minor party, but by the superior force +of an interested and overbearing majority. +However anxiously we may wish that these complaints had no +foundation, the evidence of known facts will not permit +us to deny that they are in some degree true. +It will be found, indeed, on a candid review of our situation, that +some of the distresses under which we labor have been +erroneously charged on the operation of our governments; +but it will be found, at the same time, that other +causes will not alone account for many of our heaviest +misfortunes; and, particularly, for that prevailing and increasing +distrust of public engagements and aalarm for +private rights which are echoed from one end of the +continent to the other. +These must be chiefly, if not wholly, +effects of the unsteadiness and injustice with +which a factious spirit has tainted out public administration. + By a faction I understand a number of citizens, +whether amounting to a majority or minority of the whole, +who are united and actuated by some common impulse +of passion, or of interest, adverse to the rights of other +citizens, or to the permanent and aggregate interests of +the community. + There are two methods of curing the mischiefs of +faction: The one, +by removing its causes; the other, by controlling +its effects. + There are again two methods of removing the causes of faction: +The one, by destroying the liberty which is essential to its existence; +The other, by giving to every +citizen the same opinions, the same passions, and the +same interests. + It could never be more truly said than of the first +remedy that it was worse than the disease. +Liberty is to +faction what air is to fire, an ailment without which it +instantly expires. +But it could not be less folly to +abolish liberty, which is essential to political life, +because it nourishes faction than it would be to wish the +annihilation of air, which is essential to animal life, +because it imparts to dire its destructive agency. + The second exedient is as impracticable as the first +would be unwise. +As long as the reason of man continues +fallible, and he is at liberty to exercise it, different +opinions will be formed. +As long as the connection subsists +between his reason and his self-love, his opinions and his +passions will have a reciprocal influence on each other; +and the former will be objects to which the latter will +attach themselves. +The diversity in the faculties of men, +from which the rights of property originate, is not less an +insuperable obstacle to the uniformity of interests. +The protection of these faculties is the first object of +government. +From the protection of different and unequal +faculties of acquiring property, the possession of +different degrees and kinds of property immediately results; +and from the influence of these on the sentiments and views +of the respective proprietors ensues a division of the +society into different interests and parties. + The latent causes of faction are thus sown in the +nature of man; and we see them everywhere brought +into different degrees of activity, according to the +different circumstances of civil society. +A zeal for different opinions +concerning religion, concerning government, and +many other points, as well of speculation as of practice; +an attachment to different leaders ambitiously contending +for pre-eminence and power; or to persons of other +descriptions whose fortunes have been interesting to the +human passions, have, in turn, divided mankind into +parties, inflamed them with mutual animosity, and +rendered them much more disposed to vex and oppress each +other than to co-operate for their common goal. +So strong is this propensity of mankind to fall into mutual +animosities that where no substantial occasion presents +itself the most frivolous and fanciful distinctions have +been sufficient to kindle their unfriendly passions and +excite their most violent conflicts. +But the most common and drabel +source of factions has been the verious +and unequal distribution of property. +Those who hold and those who are without +property have ever formed distinct +interests in society. +Those who are creditors, and those +who are debtors, fall under a like discrimination. +A landed interest, a manufacturing interest, +a mercantile interest, a moneyed interest, +with many lesser interests, grow up of +necessity in civilized nations, and divided them into +different classes, actuated by different sentiments and views. +The regulation of these various and interfering interests +involves the spirit of party and faction in the necessary +and ordinary operations of government. + No man is allowed to be a judge in has own cause, +because his interest would certainly bias his judgement, +and, not improbably, corrupt his integrity. +With equal, nay with greater reason, a body +of men are unfit to be both ugdes and parties at the same time; +yet what are many of the most important acts of +legislation but so many judicial determinations, +not indeed concerning the +rights of single person, but concerning the rights of large +bodies of citizens? +And what are the different classes of legislators but +advocates and parties to the causes which +they determine? +Is a law proposed concerning private +debts? +It is a question to which the creditors are parties +one one side and the debtors on the other. +Justice ought to hold the balance +between them. +Yet the parties are, and must be, +themselves the judges; and the most numerous +party, or in other words, the most powerful faction must +be expected to prevail. +Shall domestic manufacturers be +encouraged, and in what degree, by restrictions on foreign +manufacturers? +are questions which would be differently +decided by the landed and the manufacturing classes, and +probably by neither with a sole regard to justice and the +public good. +The apportionment of taxes on the various +descriptions of property is an act which seems to require +the most exact impartiality; yet there is, perhaps, no +legislative act in which greater opportunity and +temptation are given to a predominant party to trame on the +rules of justice. +Every shilling with which they overburden the inferior +number is a shilling saved to their own pockets. + It is in vain to say that enlightened statesmen will be +able to adjust these clashing interests and render them +all subservient to the public good. +Enlightened statesmen will not +always be at the helm. +Nor, in many cases, can +such an adjustment be made at all without taking into +view indirect and remote considerations, which will rarely +prevail over the immediate interest which one party may +find in disregarding the rights of another or the good of +the whole. + The inference to which we are brought is that the causes +of faction cannot be removed and that relief is only to be +sought in the means of controlling its effects. + If a faction consists of less than a majority, relief is +supplied by the republican principle, which enables the +majority to defeat its sinister viws by regular vote. +It may clog the administration, it may convulse the society; +But it will be unable to execute and mask its violence +under the forms of the Constitution. +When a majority is included in a faction, +The form of popular government, on +the other hand, enables it to sacrifice to its ruling passion +or interest both the public good and the rights of other +citizens. +To secure the public good and private rights +against the danger of such a faction, and at the same +time to preserve the spirit and form of popular +government, is than the great object to which our inquiries +are directed. +Let me add that it is the great desideratum by which +alone this form of government can be rescued from +the opprobrium under which it has so long labored and +be recommended to the esteem and adoption of mankind. +#user +#cmp federal Ref +#log +#next +54.1a 10 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L54.1a b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L54.1a new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..d813f6e2841 --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L54.1a @@ -0,0 +1,40 @@ +#print +A time-saving feature of context searches is +that the editor remembers the last regular expression +mentioned, and if you just say // or ?? +with no expression, it assumes the same one. Thus + /abc/s//def/ +searches for a line with 'abc', and, on finding it, +changes the 'abc' to 'def'. Similarly + /qqq/s/// +finds a 'qqq' and then throws it away, as if the +command were + /qqq/s/qqq// +In this directory is a file 'error' which contains +"servixe" as a mistyping for "service". Find +the bad instance and fix it, if possible with one command. +Then rewrite the file and type 'ready'. +#create Ref +This file contains many copies +of the word service +but in all of those lines +with service in them +the next line has a +service that is spelled +wrong unlike the other +services. +#create error +This file contains many copies +of the word service +but in all of those lines +with service in them +the next line has a +servixe that is spelled +wrong unlike the other +services. +#user +#cmp error Ref +#log +#next +55.1a 10 +54.1b 8 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L54.1b b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L54.1b new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..0f90c390660 --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L54.1b @@ -0,0 +1,43 @@ +#print +The fact that the system remembers the last regular expression +it had is particularly useful when the regular expression is +complex. Suppose, for example, you know that the +words "first" and "second" appear on the same line and you wish +to delete them and everything between them. You could write + /first.*second/s/first.*second//p +but isn't it easier to do + /first.*second/s///p +Edit the file "passage"; the words "twentieth" and "impending" appear +on the same line. Replace them and everything between +them by the word "impending" (i.e. delete from "twentieth" +up to but not including "impending"). One command, if you can. +Then rewrite the file and type ready. +#create Ref + America's rise to world power is a consequence of the nation's +geographic position, natural resources, and dynamic energy. For +the first century and more of national history, however, continental +expansion and internal developments largely absorbed the energies +of the American people. Every dictate of public interest emphasized +the importance of avoiding all entanglements that might involve the +young republic in foreign rivalries and foreign wars. Only with the +impending shifts +in the European balance of power, and the growth of American economic +and industrial strength create a situation that made impossible a +continued aloofness from international affairs. +#create passage + America's rise to world power is a consequence of the nation's +geographic position, natural resources, and dynamic energy. For +the first century and more of national history, however, continental +expansion and internal developments largely absorbed the energies +of the American people. Every dictate of public interest emphasized +the importance of avoiding all entanglements that might involve the +young republic in foreign rivalries and foreign wars. Only with the +twentieth century did a rapidly contracting world, impending shifts +in the European balance of power, and the growth of American economic +and industrial strength create a situation that made impossible a +continued aloofness from international affairs. +#user +#cmp passage Ref +#log +#next +55.1a 10 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L55.1a b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L55.1a new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..56c8fe59fff --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L55.1a @@ -0,0 +1,34 @@ +#print +This is an easy unit. If you just hit +"newline" (or "carriage return", whatever it +is labeled on your terminal), the +editor will simply print the next line +as you can see by trying this out. Edit the +file "pres"; print some line; then hit return +or newline, and watch the editor print the +next line. Is there any difference between +newline and ".+1p" as a command? When you +think you know, leave the editor and type "yes" or "no". +#create pres +George Washington +John Adams +Thomas Jefferson +James Madison +James Monroe +John Quincy Adams +Andrew Jackson +Martin van Buren +William Henry Harrison +John Tyler +James K. Polk +Franklin Pierce +Millard Fillmore +James Buchanan +Abraham Lincoln +#copyin +#user +#uncopyin +#match no +#log +#next +56.1a 10 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L56.1a b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L56.1a new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..6ac814f95ae --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L56.1a @@ -0,0 +1,37 @@ +#print +Is there just as easy a way of +printing the immediately preceding line? +Not quite, but almost. The line + +- + +will print the line just before the line you +are on. What's the equivalent command +in terms of "." and "p"? Type "answer COMMAND" +when you figure it out. Again, you can experiment +first; the same file named "pres" is in this directory. +#create pres +George Washington +John Adams +Thomas Jefferson +James Madison +James Monroe +John Quincy Adams +Andrew Jackson +Martin van Buren +William Henry Harrison +John Tyler +James K. Polk +Franklin Pierce +Millard Fillmore +James Buchanan +Abraham Lincoln +#copyin +#user +#uncopyin +#match .-1p +The "p" isn't needed. +#match .-1 +#log +#next +57.1a 10 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L57.1a b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L57.1a new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..c03026f985c --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L57.1a @@ -0,0 +1,48 @@ +#print +For symmetry, you can use + ++ + +instead of either ".+1p" or an empty +line (just a newline). The only advantage +that + has is that you can repeat it: + +++ + +prints the second following line, and + ++++ + +the third. The same is true of -. +If the current line is line number 10, +what line number is -- going to be? +(Hint: you can find out by editing a file +such as "pres", saying "10p", and then +saying "--", and then saying ".=" - remember +the "=" command?) +When you find out, type "answer N" where +N is the number. +#create pres +George Washington +John Adams +Thomas Jefferson +James Madison +James Monroe +John Quincy Adams +Andrew Jackson +Martin van Buren +William Henry Harrison +John Tyler +James K. Polk +Franklin Pierce +Millard Fillmore +James Buchanan +Abraham Lincoln +#copyin +#user +#uncopyin +#match 8 +#log +#next +60.1a 10 +60.2a 5 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L6.1a b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L6.1a new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..0e697aa59f1 --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L6.1a @@ -0,0 +1,41 @@ +#print +You may well ask how the editor knows which line to print. +The editor keeps track of the 'current line', which +is usually the last line you touched in any way. +When you begin editing a file, for example, the +current line is the last line. +If you want to print any particular line, however, +that is easy. For example, to print the 3rd line you say + +3p + +To print the first line + +1p + +(That's a one, no matter how much it looks like the letter "l".) +Here is a file: I'll put you into the editor +with that file as the 'current file' - print the 4th line, +then type 'w', 'q', and 'ready' as usual. +#create Ref +james madison +91 +#create file +george washington +john adams +thomas jefferson +james madison +james monroe +john quincy adams +#print file +#copyout +#pipe +ed file +#user +#unpipe +#uncopyout +tail -2 .ocopy >X2 +#cmp Ref X2 +#log +#next +7.1a 10 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L6.2a b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L6.2a new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..4df8247c58b --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L6.2a @@ -0,0 +1,40 @@ +#print +How does the editor choose a line to print? +It always remembers a 'current line', which +is the last line of the file originally, +but you can choose any line you want. The command + +3p + +prints the third line of the file, for example. +And + +1p + +prints the first line. Note that is the digit one +there, not the letter l, no matter how much alike they +look. I'll put you into the editor with the +file listed below: print the first line, +then type 'w', 'q' and 'ready' as usual. +#create Ref +george washington +91 +#create file +george washington +john adams +thomas jefferson +james madison +james monroe +john quincy adams +#print file +#copyout +#pipe +ed file +#user +#unpipe +#uncopyout +tail -2 .ocopy >X2 +#cmp Ref X2 +#log +#next +6.2b 5 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L6.2b b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L6.2b new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..2c4799682df --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L6.2b @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +#print +Same thing again, but this time print the +fifth line in the file. Then type "w", "q", +and "ready". +#create Ref +james monroe +91 +#create file +george washington +john adams +thomas jefferson +james madison +james monroe +john quincy adams +#print file +#copyout +#pipe +ed file +#user +#unpipe +#uncopyout +tail -2 .ocopy >X2 +#cmp Ref X2 +#log +#next +7.1a 10 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L60.1a b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L60.1a new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..78874c87410 --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L60.1a @@ -0,0 +1,61 @@ +#print +So far you have always dealt with one file at a time. +Suppose you wanted to combine two files - there is nothing +we have covered so far that will do that. But the +editor does have a command 'r' (read) + +r file + +which reads in the contents of "file" without throwing +away what you already have. So that you can combine +the files "cat" and "dog" (and name the result "animal") +by saying + +ed +r cat +r dog +w animal +q + +In this directory are four files named +for continents. Combine them into +one file named "world". +(Read the files in alphabetical order, +as they are listed). You may want to list +the input files and the combined files +with "cat" to see what they look like. +When done, type "ready" as usual. +#create Ref +This is file +'africa' and will be listed first. +------ +this file will +have to do +for both american +continents +----- + File "asia" + is indented + two spaces. +Europe's file is only one line long. +#create africa +This is file +'africa' and will be listed first. +#create america +------ +this file will +have to do +for both american +continents +----- +#create asia + File "asia" + is indented + two spaces. +#create europe +Europe's file is only one line long. +#user +#cmp Ref world +#log +#next +60.1b 10 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L60.1b b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L60.1b new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..b990cc6b51a --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L60.1b @@ -0,0 +1,78 @@ +#print +You can, of course, use the 'r' command +with an address. Any editor command can be used +with an address (except 'q'). For example, there +is a file 'phone' in this directory. +If you print it, you'll see that one department +is missing from the list; it is on file 'filler'. +Edit 'phone'; read in 'filler' after the line +saying '1273'. Then rewrite 'phone', leave the +editor, and say "ready". +#create Ref + telephone numbers + +Department 1271 +McIlroy M D ext 6050 +Aho A V ext 4862 +Baker B S ext 6503 +Cherry L L ext 6067 +Knowlton K ext 2328 +Morris R ext 3878 +Ossanna J F ext 3520 +Thompson K ext 2394 + +Department 1273 +Pinson E N ext 2582 +Bourne S R ext 7419 +Elliot R J ext 2879 +Fraser A G ext 3685 +Johnson S C ext 3968 +Kernighan B W ext 6021 +Ritchie D M ext 3770 +Vollaro J R ext 6321 + +Department 1274 +Brown W S ext 4822 +Blue J L ext 6558 +Feldman S I ext 2059 +Hall A D ext 4006 +Lesk M E ext 6377 +Schryer N L ext 2912 +Warner D D ext 2833 +#create filler +Pinson E N ext 2582 +Bourne S R ext 7419 +Elliot R J ext 2879 +Fraser A G ext 3685 +Johnson S C ext 3968 +Kernighan B W ext 6021 +Ritchie D M ext 3770 +Vollaro J R ext 6321 +#create phone + telephone numbers + +Department 1271 +McIlroy M D ext 6050 +Aho A V ext 4862 +Baker B S ext 6503 +Cherry L L ext 6067 +Knowlton K ext 2328 +Morris R ext 3878 +Ossanna J F ext 3520 +Thompson K ext 2394 + +Department 1273 + +Department 1274 +Brown W S ext 4822 +Blue J L ext 6558 +Feldman S I ext 2059 +Hall A D ext 4006 +Lesk M E ext 6377 +Schryer N L ext 2912 +Warner D D ext 2833 +#user +#cmp phone Ref +#log +#next +61.1a 10 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L60.2a b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L60.2a new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..e62296038fc --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L60.2a @@ -0,0 +1,60 @@ +#print +Suppose you wanted to combine two files? No editor command you +have learned so far will do that. The command 'r' is just what the doctor +ordered. It reads in a file, without throwing away the existing buffer. +So, for example, + ed para1 + r para2 + w both + q +will edit "para1"; then read in "para2" at the end; and then +write the combined stuff on "both". Try that, with those names, +in this directory. Then type "ready". +#create Ref + We say that matter is anything which occupies space and has +weight. Matter possesses inertia, which is a resistance to change +of position or motion. It may be acted on by forces which may set +it in motion, or change its motion. While all these statements +are descriptive of matter, they do not provide us with a completely +satisfactory definition. Scientists, with their great knowledge +of the properties and behavior of matter, are not yet able to +define it precisely. Nature still holds many secrets to challenge +the minds of men. + The quantity of matter which a body possesses is known as its +mass. + When one end of a long glass tube that is open at both ends is +placed in water, forces cause the water to rise in the tube to a +certain height. The finer the bore of the tube, the higher the +water rises. A tube with a hairlike bore is called a capillary +tube and the liquid rise in it is called capillarity. How could +you show that this rise is not due to atmospheric pressure? + Seemingly, water rises in capillary tubes because the adhesive +forces between glass and water molecules are greater than the cohesive +forces between water molecules. +#create para1 + We say that matter is anything which occupies space and has +weight. Matter possesses inertia, which is a resistance to change +of position or motion. It may be acted on by forces which may set +it in motion, or change its motion. While all these statements +are descriptive of matter, they do not provide us with a completely +satisfactory definition. Scientists, with their great knowledge +of the properties and behavior of matter, are not yet able to +define it precisely. Nature still holds many secrets to challenge +the minds of men. + The quantity of matter which a body possesses is known as its +mass. +#create para2 + When one end of a long glass tube that is open at both ends is +placed in water, forces cause the water to rise in the tube to a +certain height. The finer the bore of the tube, the higher the +water rises. A tube with a hairlike bore is called a capillary +tube and the liquid rise in it is called capillarity. How could +you show that this rise is not due to atmospheric pressure? + Seemingly, water rises in capillary tubes because the adhesive +forces between glass and water molecules are greater than the cohesive +forces between water molecules. +#user +#cmp both Ref +#log +#next +60.2b 5 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L60.2b b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L60.2b new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..f98b9ea995c --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L60.2b @@ -0,0 +1,109 @@ +#print +You can of course combine many files. Make a file +"total" which contains the pieces "first", "second", +"third", and "fourth" in that order. Then type "ready". +#create Ref + It has been already observed that the federal government +ought to possess the power of providing for the support +of the national forces; in which proposition was intended +to be included the expense of raising troops, of building +and equipping fleets, and all other expenses in any wise +connected with military arrangements and operations. But +these are not the only objects to which the jurisdiction of +the Union in respect to revenue must necessarily be empowered +to extend. It must embrace a provision for the +support of the national civil list; for the payment of the +national debts contracted, or that may be contracted; +and, in general, for all those matters which will call for +disbursements out of the national treasury. The conclusion +is that there must be interwoven in the frame of the +government a general power of taxation, in one shape or +another. + Money is, with propriety, considered as the vital principle +of the body politic; as that which sustains its life and +motion and enables it to perform its most essential functions. +A complete power, therefore, to procure a regular +and adequate supply of revenue, as far as the resources +of the community will permit, may be regarded +as an indispensable ingredient in every constitution. +From a deficiency in this particular, one of two evils +must ensue: either the people must be subjected to +continual plunder, as a substitute for a more eligible +mode of supplying the public wants, or the government +must sink into a fatal atrophy, and, in a short course of +time, perish. + In the Ottoman or Turkish empire the sovereign, +though in other respects absolute master of the lives and +fortunes of his subjects, has no right to impose a new tax. +The consequence is that he permits the bashaws or governors +of provinces to pillage the people at discretion, +and, in turn, squeezes out of them the sums of which he +stands in need to satisfy his own exigencies and those of +the state. In America, from a like cause, the government +of the Union has gradually dwindled into a state of decay, +approaching nearly to annihilation. Who can doubt that +the happiness of the people in both countries would be +promoted by competent authorities in the proper hands +to provide the revenues which the necessities of the public +might require? + The present Confederation, feeble as it is, intended to +repose in the United States an unlimited power of providing +for the pecuniary wants of the Union. But proceeding +upon an erroneous principle, it has been done in +such a manner as entirely to have frustrated the intention. +#create first + It has been already observed that the federal government +ought to possess the power of providing for the support +of the national forces; in which proposition was intended +to be included the expense of raising troops, of building +and equipping fleets, and all other expenses in any wise +connected with military arrangements and operations. But +these are not the only objects to which the jurisdiction of +the Union in respect to revenue must necessarily be empowered +to extend. It must embrace a provision for the +support of the national civil list; for the payment of the +national debts contracted, or that may be contracted; +and, in general, for all those matters which will call for +disbursements out of the national treasury. The conclusion +is that there must be interwoven in the frame of the +government a general power of taxation, in one shape or +another. +#create fourth + The present Confederation, feeble as it is, intended to +repose in the United States an unlimited power of providing +for the pecuniary wants of the Union. But proceeding +upon an erroneous principle, it has been done in +such a manner as entirely to have frustrated the intention. +#create second + Money is, with propriety, considered as the vital principle +of the body politic; as that which sustains its life and +motion and enables it to perform its most essential functions. +A complete power, therefore, to procure a regular +and adequate supply of revenue, as far as the resources +of the community will permit, may be regarded +as an indispensable ingredient in every constitution. +From a deficiency in this particular, one of two evils +must ensue: either the people must be subjected to +continual plunder, as a substitute for a more eligible +mode of supplying the public wants, or the government +must sink into a fatal atrophy, and, in a short course of +time, perish. +#create third + In the Ottoman or Turkish empire the sovereign, +though in other respects absolute master of the lives and +fortunes of his subjects, has no right to impose a new tax. +The consequence is that he permits the bashaws or governors +of provinces to pillage the people at discretion, +and, in turn, squeezes out of them the sums of which he +stands in need to satisfy his own exigencies and those of +the state. In America, from a like cause, the government +of the Union has gradually dwindled into a state of decay, +approaching nearly to annihilation. Who can doubt that +the happiness of the people in both countries would be +promoted by competent authorities in the proper hands +to provide the revenues which the necessities of the public +might require? +#user +#cmp total Ref +#next +60.2c 5 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L60.2c b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L60.2c new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..488a3b0f99e --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L60.2c @@ -0,0 +1,57 @@ +#print +You can use an address on the 'r' command to read input at a particular +location in the file. Thus + 5r name +reads file "name" and appends its contents after line 5 o f the file. +You can use any kind of address, including a search. Here is a file "chem". +Find the line in file "chem" which contains the word "eight"; +read the file "more" and append it after that line. Then rewrite +"chem" and type "ready". +#create Ref + When elements combine to form compounds, the electrons in the +outermost shell of the atoms are the only ones that take part in the +reaction. These electrons are either transferred from the outer +shell of one atom to the outer shell of another, or, in some cases, +shared with the electrons in the outer shell of the second atom. + Whether the electrons are transfered to the second atom or shared, +this atom completes its quota of eight electrons in the outer shell. + An oxide is a compound containing oxygen and one other element. +The simplest of the oxides is H2O -- pure water, or hydrogen oxide. +Carbon dioxide is CO2 and is formed during the burning of organic +matter such as wood, paper, gasoline, or coal. In the same burning +process, H2O is formed and energy is released, generally as heat, +sometimes as light. Carbon dioxide is in the breath you just +exhaled. This gas is given off by decaying plant and animal matter. +Decay is a burning process. + Oxidation is a word that covers all the different ways things +burn. When something oxidizes, it is burning. + Compounds which are formed by the interchange of electrons are +called ionic compounds. The ions formed are said to possess +electrovalence. +#create chem + When elements combine to form compounds, the electrons in the +outermost shell of the atoms are the only ones that take part in the +reaction. These electrons are either transferred from the outer +shell of one atom to the outer shell of another, or, in some cases, +shared with the electrons in the outer shell of the second atom. + Whether the electrons are transfered to the second atom or shared, +this atom completes its quota of eight electrons in the outer shell. + Compounds which are formed by the interchange of electrons are +called ionic compounds. The ions formed are said to possess +electrovalence. +#create more + An oxide is a compound containing oxygen and one other element. +The simplest of the oxides is H2O -- pure water, or hydrogen oxide. +Carbon dioxide is CO2 and is formed during the burning of organic +matter such as wood, paper, gasoline, or coal. In the same burning +process, H2O is formed and energy is released, generally as heat, +sometimes as light. Carbon dioxide is in the breath you just +exhaled. This gas is given off by decaying plant and animal matter. +Decay is a burning process. + Oxidation is a word that covers all the different ways things +burn. When something oxidizes, it is burning. +#user +#cmp chem Ref +#log +#next +60.2d 5 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L60.2d b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L60.2d new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..8a178761c9c --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L60.2d @@ -0,0 +1,52 @@ +#print +This is trickier. Read the file "text". Look for a line saying +"insert file ... here". Delete that line, and in its +place (after the preceding line) read in the file asked for. +Then rewrite "text" and type "ready". +#create Ref + The severity of the judicial and penal system was partly +caused by the defects of the police. Only a small proportion of +criminals were caught, and even when arrests were made, but little +evidence was collected. The officers, so far from being scientific +were not even properly professional. For although the constable of +each village and the watchman of each town were paid to guard peace +land property, they were yet neither specially fitted nor trained +for that employment. In a country village the case was even worse. +For there the magistrates could only afford to hire the part-service +of a farmer-constable. + It is a striking fact that until recently democracy never +flourished except in very small states -- for the most part in cities. +It is true that in both the Persian and the Roman empires a measure +of self-government was accorded to local communities, but only in +respect to purely local affairs; in no large state as a whole was +democratic government found to be practicable. One essential reason +is that until recently the means of communication were too slow and +uncertain to create the necessary solidarity of interest and similarity +of information over large areas. +#create inside +land property, they were yet neither specially fitted nor trained +for that employment. In a country village the case was even worse. +For there the magistrates could only afford to hire the part-service +of a farmer-constable. + It is a striking fact that until recently democracy never +flourished except in very small states -- for the most part in cities. +It is true that in both the Persian and the Roman empires a measure +of self-government was accorded to local communities, but only in +#create text + The severity of the judicial and penal system was partly +caused by the defects of the police. Only a small proportion of +criminals were caught, and even when arrests were made, but little +evidence was collected. The officers, so far from being scientific +were not even properly professional. For although the constable of +each village and the watchman of each town were paid to guard peace + *** insert file "inside" here *** +respect to purely local affairs; in no large state as a whole was +democratic government found to be practicable. One essential reason +is that until recently the means of communication were too slow and +uncertain to create the necessary solidarity of interest and similarity +of information over large areas. +#user +#cmp text Ref +#log +#next +61.1a 10 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L61.1a b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L61.1a new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..407be4366c0 --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L61.1a @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +#print +Note that usually you just type 'w' without a file name, +and the editor buffer is written on the 'current file'. +What is the 'current file' when you have executed an 'r' +command? Well, it doesn't change. But rather than +be in doubt, there is a command + f +which prints the current file name. +You can change the current file name with + f name +so that you can copy file 'old' to 'new' with + ed old + f new + w + q +Try that: copy file 'first' to 'second' in this +directory. Then type "ready". +#create first +This is the +file to be copied +using the 'f' command. +#user +#cmp first second +#log +#next +62.1a 10 +62.2a 5 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L62.1a b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L62.1a new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..4b8eb903793 --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L62.1a @@ -0,0 +1,67 @@ +#print +Frequently you will want to move one or more lines +from one place in a file to another. The command + +5,10m30 + +will pick up lines 5 through 10 and move them after line 30. +You can of course use context searches for addresses: + +/ab/,/cd/m/xx/ + +finds a line containing "ab", then one containing "cd", +and moves the section of the file they bracket after the +next line containing "xx". +Or you can use ".", "$", etc.: + +.,.+2m$ + +moves the three lines starting at "." to the end. + +There is a file "word" which +is out of order; re-arrange it to be alphabetical. +#create Ref +bands +becomes +course +dissolve +events +for +have +human +in +it +necessary +of +one +people +political +the +to +when +which +#create word +bands +becomes +course +in +it +necessary +of +one +people +political +dissolve +events +for +have +human +the +to +when +which +#user +#cmp word Ref +#log +#next +63.1a 10 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L62.2a b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L62.2a new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..553438a11d4 --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L62.2a @@ -0,0 +1,59 @@ +#print +A very useful command in the UNIX editor +is the 'm' command, which moves a lot of +lines from one place to another in a file. For example, + 5,10m20 +picks up lines 5 through 10 and moves them after line 20. Try +that on the file "list" in this directory: move lines 5 to 10 after +line 20, rewrite the file, and type "ready". +#create Ref + computer languages + +fortran +cobol +snobol +comit +lex +yacc +c +tmg +ratfor +basic +bon +bcpl +algol 60 +algol 68 +pl/i +pl/c +pl/360 +apl +altran +formac +#create list + computer languages + +fortran +cobol +algol 60 +algol 68 +pl/i +pl/c +pl/360 +apl +snobol +comit +lex +yacc +c +tmg +ratfor +basic +bon +bcpl +altran +formac +#user +#cmp list Ref +#log +#next +62.2b 5 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L62.2b b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L62.2b new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..ebb674d1a79 --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L62.2b @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +#print + You can of course use any kind of addresses for the three addresses +in the 'm' command. Think of the command as + "from address-1 until address-2 gather up and MOVE to address-3". +OK. In the file "story" move the lines from the line +that contains "back" until the line containing "prevail" to the +end of the file. Then rewrite "story" and type "ready". +#create Ref + Only twice in the nation's history has daylight-savings time been +uniformly observed throughout the land -- during World War I, the first +DST was tried, and again during World War II. Immediately after +both wars, however, many areas abandoned DST altogether. + Last week the House voted 292 to 93 to require all states to move +their clocks ahead an hour on the last Sunday in April, and set them +back again on the last Sunday in October -- unless a state legislature +specifically votes to stay on standard time. In that case, local +options are out and standard time must prevail through the state. +#create story + Only twice in the nation's history has daylight-savings time been +uniformly observed throughout the land -- during World War I, the first +DST was tried, and again during World War II. Immediately after +both wars, however, many areas abandoned DST altogether. +back again on the last Sunday in October -- unless a state legislature +specifically votes to stay on standard time. In that case, local +options are out and standard time must prevail through the state. + Last week the House voted 292 to 93 to require all states to move +their clocks ahead an hour on the last Sunday in April, and set them +#user +#cmp story Ref +#log +#next +62.2c 5 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L62.2c b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L62.2c new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..ecd799ffb7b --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L62.2c @@ -0,0 +1,49 @@ +#print +In this directory is a file "word" which should be in alphabetical +order but is not; put it in order by picking up a block of lines +and relocating them. Then rewrite the file and type "ready". +#create Ref +bands +becomes +course +dissolve +events +for +have +human +in +it +necessary +of +one +people +political +the +to +when +which +#create word +bands +becomes +course +in +it +necessary +of +one +people +political +dissolve +events +for +have +human +the +to +when +which +#user +#cmp word Ref +#log +#next +63.1a 10 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L63.1a b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L63.1a new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..a1f0acccd64 --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L63.1a @@ -0,0 +1,43 @@ +#print +Line 0 is a legitimate address for a few commands; +you can append text at the beginning of a file +by typing + 0a +and you can move lines to the beginning of a files +by using + m0 +Move the last three lines of file "tax" to the beginning, +then type "ready". +#create Ref +If you sustain an "overall foreign loss" +for any taxable year, +a recapture provision +will treat a part of +foreign income realized +in a later year +as income from +U. S. sources. + +These rules generally apply +to losses sustained in taxable +years beginning after +December 31, 1975. +#create tax +will treat a part of +foreign income realized +in a later year +as income from +U. S. sources. + +These rules generally apply +to losses sustained in taxable +years beginning after +December 31, 1975. +If you sustain an "overall foreign loss" +for any taxable year, +a recapture provision +#user +#cmp Ref tax +#log +#next +63.1b 10 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L63.1b b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L63.1b new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..9b92488612a --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L63.1b @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +#print +What command will move the current line +to the beginning of the file? Type +"answer COMMAND", where COMMAND is the command. +#copyin +#user +#uncopyin +#match m0 +#match .m0 +"m0" is easier. +#log +#next +63.1c 10 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L63.1c b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L63.1c new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..0ef79dc2d20 --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L63.1c @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +#print +What command will move the current line +to the end of the file? Type +"answer COMMAND", where COMMAND is the command. +#copyin +#user +#uncopyin +#match m$ +#match .m$ +"m$" is easier. +#log +#next +63.1d 10 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L63.1d b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L63.1d new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..999926f9be0 --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L63.1d @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +#print +Will the command + m+ +interchange lines "." and ".+1"? +Answer yes or no. +#copyin +#user +#uncopyin +#match yes +#log +#next +63.1e 10 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L63.1e b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L63.1e new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..623394728f2 --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L63.1e @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +#print +Will the command + m- +interchange lines "." and ".-1"? +Answer yes or no. +#copyin +#user +#uncopyin +#match no +You actually need "m--". +#log +#next +64.1a 10 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L64.1a b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L64.1a new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..93cf0451325 --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L64.1a @@ -0,0 +1,34 @@ +#print +Another command similar to 'm' is 't'; +the command + 5,8t15 +picks up lines 5 through 8 and makes a copy of them, +which it places after line 15. It differs from +'m' only in that the lines remain in their old place +as well as appearing in their new place. (Just like "cp" +and "mv" with files). In this directory is a file +"double". Using the editor, find the line containing +"-------" and make a copy of it at the +end of the file. +#create Ref +------------ +This file should be +bracketed by the +dashes but as it +is given to you +there are only dashes +at the top. +------------ +#create double +------------ +This file should be +bracketed by the +dashes but as it +is given to you +there are only dashes +at the top. +#user +#cmp double Ref +#log +#next +64.1b 10 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L64.1b b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L64.1b new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..3c66753a57b --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L64.1b @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +#print +Another exercise in the effective use of the 't' +command: What command should be typed to make +a second copy of the current line? +Type "answer XX", where XX is the command. +#copyin +#user +#uncopyin +#match t. +#match .t. +You could just say "t.". +#log +#next +65.1a 10 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L65.1a b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L65.1a new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..f51beaf84ee --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L65.1a @@ -0,0 +1,37 @@ +#print +A strange, and not often important command, is the 'l' +(list) command. When it is needed, though, it is vital. +It is almost identical to 'p' (print) except that control +characters (like tab or backspace) are printed in a way +that lets you see what they are no matter what the terminal does. +From time to time strange characters will +sneak into your files; they won't show when you print +them, and yet they will confuse you. For example, +you might be unable to find a line by searching +for it with + /abc/ +and yet it would print as "abc" if there were +a funny character in the line between 'a' and 'b'. +Funny characters are generated by hitting the control +keys on the terminal; they print as '\' followed +by a number. +There is a file "weird" in this directory. Print +it both with "1,$p" and "1,$l" +and observe the difference. Then leave the editor. +Which word on the last line has a funny character in it? +Type "answer WORD" where WORD is that word (without the funny +symbol). +#create weird +This line has tabs in it. +So does this one. +Here is a line with____ backspaces of a useful sort. +These backspacesonlyconfuse matters. + +there's a strange character in this line even though it prints ok. +#copyin +#user +#uncopyin +#match this +#log +#next +66.1a 10 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L66.1a b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L66.1a new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..8ae60e5803d --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L66.1a @@ -0,0 +1,102 @@ +#print +The file "memo" contains several paragraphs, +where a paragraph starts at any line that begins with +a blank. It is desired to remove those blanks at the beginning +of lines, and instead mark the paragraphs by inserting +a line containing only + +.PP + +before each paragraph. Change the file in that +way and then rewrite it; then type "ready". +#create Ref +The Ascent of the Riffelberg +by Mark Twain + +.PP +I sat silent some time, then turned to Harris and said: +``My mind is made up.'' +Something in my tone struck him; and when he glanced +at my eye and read what was written there, his face paled +perceptibly. He hesitated a moment, then said: +``Speak.'' +.PP +I answered, with perfect calmness: +``I WILL ASCEND THE RIFFELBERG.'' +.PP +If I had shot my poor friend he could not have fallen from +his chair more suddenly. If I had been his father he +could not have pleaded harder to get me to give up my +purpose. But I turned a deaf ear to all he said. When he +perceived at last that nothing could alter my determination, +he ceased to urge, and for a while the deep silence was broken only +by his sobs. I sat in marble resolution, with my +eyes fixed upon vacancy, for in spirit I was already +wrestling with the perils of the mountains, and my friend sat +gazing at me in adoring admiration through his tears. At +last he threw himself upon me in a loving embrace and +exclaimed in broken tones: +``Your Harris will never desert you. We will die together!'' +.PP +I cheered the noble fellow with praises, and soon his fears +were forgotten and he was eager for the adventure. He +wanted to summon the guides at once and leave at two in +the morning, as he supposed the custom was; but I explained that nobody +was looking at that hour; and that the start in the dark +was not usually made from the village but +from the first night's resting-place on the mountainside. I +said we would leave the village at 3 or 4 p.m. on the morrow; +meantime he could notify the guides, and also let the public +know of the attempt which we proposed to make. +.PP +I went to bed, but not to sleep. No man can sleep when +he is about to undertake one of these Alpine exploits. I +tossed feverishly all night long, and was glad enough when +I heard the clock strike half past eleven and knew it was +time to get up for dinner. +#create memo +The Ascent of the Riffelberg +by Mark Twain + + I sat silent some time, then turned to Harris and said: +``My mind is made up.'' +Something in my tone struck him; and when he glanced +at my eye and read what was written there, his face paled +perceptibly. He hesitated a moment, then said: +``Speak.'' + I answered, with perfect calmness: +``I WILL ASCEND THE RIFFELBERG.'' + If I had shot my poor friend he could not have fallen from +his chair more suddenly. If I had been his father he +could not have pleaded harder to get me to give up my +purpose. But I turned a deaf ear to all he said. When he +perceived at last that nothing could alter my determination, +he ceased to urge, and for a while the deep silence was broken only +by his sobs. I sat in marble resolution, with my +eyes fixed upon vacancy, for in spirit I was already +wrestling with the perils of the mountains, and my friend sat +gazing at me in adoring admiration through his tears. At +last he threw himself upon me in a loving embrace and +exclaimed in broken tones: +``Your Harris will never desert you. We will die together!'' + I cheered the noble fellow with praises, and soon his fears +were forgotten and he was eager for the adventure. He +wanted to summon the guides at once and leave at two in +the morning, as he supposed the custom was; but I explained that nobody +was looking at that hour; and that the start in the dark +was not usually made from the village but +from the first night's resting-place on the mountainside. I +said we would leave the village at 3 or 4 p.m. on the morrow; +meantime he could notify the guides, and also let the public +know of the attempt which we proposed to make. + I went to bed, but not to sleep. No man can sleep when +he is about to undertake one of these Alpine exploits. I +tossed feverishly all night long, and was glad enough when +I heard the clock strike half past eleven and knew it was +time to get up for dinner. +#user +#cmp memo Ref +#log +#next +70.1a 10 +70.2a 5 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L7.1a b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L7.1a new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..379e1da89b5 --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L7.1a @@ -0,0 +1,37 @@ +#print +Although specifying lines by line number is +easy to understand, it is hard to do in a long +file. You will therefore want to learn other +ways of addressing lines. The 'current line' +is addressed with the symbol + . +so that it can be printed, for example with + .p +just as you could print a line by "3p". +Try that in this file; the current line is +set to the last line of the current file. +Try ".p"; then "w", "q", and "ready" as usual. +Here's the full file - + +#create Ref +john quincy adams +91 +#create file +george washington +john adams +thomas jefferson +james madison +james monroe +john quincy adams +#print file +#copyout +#pipe +ed file +#user +#unpipe +#uncopyout +tail -2 .ocopy >X1 +#cmp X1 Ref +#log +#next +7.1b 10 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L7.1b b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L7.1b new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..84e229e2e1d --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L7.1b @@ -0,0 +1,41 @@ +#print +As I said, '.' is set to the last line touched +by any command in the editor. So if you type + 3p +. will be set to line 3; and then + .p +will print the same line. +Try that - +with the usual trailer, the commands should be + +3p +.p +w +q +ready +The file is the same as before. +#create Ref +3p +.p +w +q +#create file +george washington +john adams +thomas jefferson +james madison +james monroe +john quincy adams +#pipe +#copyin +ed file +#user +#uncopyin +#unpipe +tail -4 .copy >X1 +#cmp X1 Ref +#log +#next +8.1a 10 +8.2a 6 +7.2c 2 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L7.2c b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L7.2c new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..81aeabcde0a --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L7.2c @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +#print +Now, print the fourth line in this file twice, +using the same pattern. The file is the same, +and you should put the usual finish (w, q, ready) +after printing the line. +#create Ref +4p +.p +w +q +#create file +george washington +john adams +thomas jefferson +james madison +james monroe +john quincy adams +#pipe +#copyin +ed file +#user +#uncopyin +#unpipe +tail -4 .copy >X1 +#cmp X1 Ref +#log +#next +8.1a 10 +8.2a 5 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L70.1a b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L70.1a new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..01049894b87 --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L70.1a @@ -0,0 +1,49 @@ +#print +Perhaps the most powerful command in the editor is the 'g' +(global) command. This always precedes a second command +on the same command line; it selects those file lines +on which the second command is to be executed. +For example + g/abc/s/def/ghi/p +says: "Find all lines in the file which +contain the string "abc"; change the first +"def" on any such line into "ghi". The command +after the 'g' may be any command, of course. +Needless to say, the expressions after the 'g' may +include all the special characters. +Edit the file "towns" so that each line beginning +with "-" has " (county seat)" added at its end. +Rewrite the file and type "ready". +#create Ref +-newark (county seat) + east orange + south orange + maplewood +-elizabeth (county seat) + linden + cranford + westfield +-morristown (county seat) + madison + chatham + dover +#create towns +-newark + east orange + south orange + maplewood +-elizabeth + linden + cranford + westfield +-morristown + madison + chatham + dover +#user +#cmp towns Ref +#log +#next +71.1a 10 +70.2e 9 +70.2d 6 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L70.2a b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L70.2a new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..afb862befe1 --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L70.2a @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +#print +Perhaps the most powerful editor command is the 'g' +(global) command. This command selects sets of lines +on which other commands are executed. For example, + g/abc/p +prints all lines on which 'abc' appears. In this directory +is a file "story". Print all lines on which the word +"of" appears. Then leave the editor and type "ready". +#create Ref + The people of the United States are in a sense becoming a nation +of the United States in the future, it will be because that system +did too good a job of filling many of the needs of the people. +#create story + The people of the United States are in a sense becoming a nation +on a tiger. They must learn to consume more and more or, they are +warned, their magnificent economic machine may turn and devour them. +They must be induced to step up their individual consumption higher +and higher, whether they have any pressing need for the goods or +not. Their ever-expanding economy demands it. + If modifications are forced upon the private-enterprise system +of the United States in the future, it will be because that system +did too good a job of filling many of the needs of the people. +#copyout +#user +#uncopyout +grep of .ocopy >x1 +#cmp x1 Ref +#log +#next +70.2b 5 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L70.2b b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L70.2b new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..b302fcfef17 --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L70.2b @@ -0,0 +1,84 @@ +#print +You can use any command with 'g', not just 'p'. For example + g/xx/s/a/b/ +changes 'a' to 'b' on every line containing 'xx'. As an +example of the global command used with 'd', try this: +In file "cities" there is a list of cities with their states and +zip codes. Delete all cities which are in New Jersey (i.e. all +lines containing NJ). Then rewrite the file and type "ready". +#create Ref +Albany NY 12201 +Atlanta GA 30301 +Baltimore MD 21233 +Boston MA 02109 +Bridgeport CN 06601 +Buffalo NY 14240 +Chicago IL 60607 +Dallas TX 75221 +Denver CO 80201 +Detroit MI 48226 +Hartford CN 06101 +Houston TX 77052 +Indianapolis IN 46204 +Los Angeles CA 90053 +Miami FL 33101 +Milwaukee WI 53201 +Minneapolis MN 55401 +New York NY 10001 +Philadelphia PA 19104 +Phoenix AR 85026 +Pittsburgh PA 15230 +Providence RI 02904 +Rochester NY 14603 +San Diego CA 92101 +San Francisco CA 94101 +Seattle WA 98101 +St. Louis MO 63166 +Syracuse NY 13201 +Utica NY 13503 +Washington DC 20013 +Yonkers NY 10598 +#create cities +Albany NY 12201 +Atlanta GA 30301 +Baltimore MD 21233 +Boston MA 02109 +Bridgeport CN 06601 +Buffalo NY 14240 +Camden NJ 08101 +Chicago IL 60607 +Dallas TX 75221 +Denver CO 80201 +Detroit MI 48226 +Elizabeth NJ 07207 +Hartford CN 06101 +Houston TX 77052 +Indianapolis IN 46204 +Jersey City NJ 07303 +Los Angeles CA 90053 +Miami FL 33101 +Milwaukee WI 53201 +Minneapolis MN 55401 +New York NY 10001 +Newark NJ 07101 +Paterson NJ 07510 +Philadelphia PA 19104 +Phoenix AR 85026 +Pittsburgh PA 15230 +Providence RI 02904 +Rochester NY 14603 +San Diego CA 92101 +San Francisco CA 94101 +Seattle WA 98101 +St. Louis MO 63166 +Syracuse NY 13201 +Trenton NJ 08608 +Utica NY 13503 +Washington DC 20013 +Yonkers NY 10598 +#user +#cmp cities Ref +#log +#next +70.2c 5 +70.2d 10 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L70.2c b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L70.2c new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..cf3ce547307 --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L70.2c @@ -0,0 +1,84 @@ +#print +In this directory is another copy of the +"cities" file as you modified it, +and the previous version named "ocities". +Use "diff" to find out how many lines you deleted. +Reply "answer N" where N is the number of +lines you removed from "cities". +#create cities +Albany NY 12201 +Atlanta GA 30301 +Baltimore MD 21233 +Boston MA 02109 +Bridgeport CN 06601 +Buffalo NY 14240 +Chicago IL 60607 +Dallas TX 75221 +Denver CO 80201 +Detroit MI 48226 +Hartford CN 06101 +Houston TX 77052 +Indianapolis IN 46204 +Los Angeles CA 90053 +Miami FL 33101 +Milwaukee WI 53201 +Minneapolis MN 55401 +New York NY 10001 +Philadelphia PA 19104 +Phoenix AR 85026 +Pittsburgh PA 15230 +Providence RI 02904 +Rochester NY 14603 +San Diego CA 92101 +San Francisco CA 94101 +Seattle WA 98101 +St. Louis MO 63166 +Syracuse NY 13201 +Utica NY 13503 +Washington DC 20013 +Yonkers NY 10598 +#create ocities +Albany NY 12201 +Atlanta GA 30301 +Baltimore MD 21233 +Boston MA 02109 +Bridgeport CN 06601 +Buffalo NY 14240 +Camden NJ 08101 +Chicago IL 60607 +Dallas TX 75221 +Denver CO 80201 +Detroit MI 48226 +Elizabeth NJ 07207 +Hartford CN 06101 +Houston TX 77052 +Indianapolis IN 46204 +Jersey City NJ 07303 +Los Angeles CA 90053 +Miami FL 33101 +Milwaukee WI 53201 +Minneapolis MN 55401 +New York NY 10001 +Newark NJ 07101 +Paterson NJ 07510 +Philadelphia PA 19104 +Phoenix AR 85026 +Pittsburgh PA 15230 +Providence RI 02904 +Rochester NY 14603 +San Diego CA 92101 +San Francisco CA 94101 +Seattle WA 98101 +St. Louis MO 63166 +Syracuse NY 13201 +Trenton NJ 08608 +Utica NY 13503 +Washington DC 20013 +Yonkers NY 10598 +#copyin +#user +#uncopyin +#match 6 +#log +#next +70.2d 10 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L70.2d b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L70.2d new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..beb4bd0d7fd --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L70.2d @@ -0,0 +1,92 @@ +#print +There is another file of cities with ZIP codes and states +in this directory, but it was typed in wrong. Some cities +in New Jersey are labeled as being in New York. However the +ZIP codes are right. Since the cities in New Jersey are +exactly those with zip codes beginning 07, if you +can execute the substitute command to change NY to NJ on all +lines with " 07" in them, all will be well. +Don't forget the blank before the 07 - some ZIP +codes have "07" in the middle, remember. +Change file "cities" and rewrite it. Then type "ready". +#create Ref +Albany NY 12201 +Atlanta GA 30301 +Baltimore MD 21233 +Boston MA 02109 +Bridgeport CN 06601 +Buffalo NY 14240 +Camden NJ 08101 +Chicago IL 60607 +Dallas TX 75221 +Denver CO 80201 +Detroit MI 48226 +Elizabeth NJ 07207 +Hartford CN 06101 +Houston TX 77052 +Indianapolis IN 46204 +Jersey City NJ 07303 +Los Angeles CA 90053 +Miami FL 33101 +Milwaukee WI 53201 +Minneapolis MN 55401 +New York NY 10001 +Newark NJ 07101 +Paterson NJ 07510 +Philadelphia PA 19104 +Phoenix AR 85026 +Pittsburgh PA 15230 +Providence RI 02904 +Rochester NY 14603 +San Diego CA 92101 +San Francisco CA 94101 +Seattle WA 98101 +St. Louis MO 63166 +Syracuse NY 13201 +Trenton NJ 08608 +Utica NY 13503 +Washington DC 20013 +Yonkers NY 10598 +#create cities +Albany NY 12201 +Atlanta GA 30301 +Baltimore MD 21233 +Boston MA 02109 +Bridgeport CN 06601 +Buffalo NY 14240 +Camden NJ 08101 +Chicago IL 60607 +Dallas TX 75221 +Denver CO 80201 +Detroit MI 48226 +Elizabeth NY 07207 +Hartford CN 06101 +Houston TX 77052 +Indianapolis IN 46204 +Jersey City NY 07303 +Los Angeles CA 90053 +Miami FL 33101 +Milwaukee WI 53201 +Minneapolis MN 55401 +New York NY 10001 +Newark NY 07101 +Paterson NY 07510 +Philadelphia PA 19104 +Phoenix AR 85026 +Pittsburgh PA 15230 +Providence RI 02904 +Rochester NY 14603 +San Diego CA 92101 +San Francisco CA 94101 +Seattle WA 98101 +St. Louis MO 63166 +Syracuse NY 13201 +Trenton NJ 08608 +Utica NY 13503 +Washington DC 20013 +Yonkers NY 10598 +#user +#cmp cities Ref +#log +#next +70.2e 5 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L70.2e b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L70.2e new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..ffc1bcdcfb8 --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L70.2e @@ -0,0 +1,95 @@ +#print +There is a file "cities" in this directory in which each line +contains a city, state and ZIP code. But it was typed +in by a member of management and is really botched - every +NJ city is labeled as being in NY. But the Zip codes are right - +if you can change NY to NJ on each line containing a ZIP code +beginning with either 07 or 08 all will be fixed up. Each line +looks like + St. Louis MO 63166 +and (1) remember the [] operators? and (2) don't forget +that digits appear in the middle of ZIP codes. +You may want to check what you're doing by writing the current +version on a different file name and using "diff" to check +on the changes. +#create Ref +Albany NY 12201 +Atlanta GA 30301 +Baltimore MD 21233 +Boston MA 02109 +Bridgeport CN 06601 +Buffalo NY 14240 +Camden NJ 08101 +Chicago IL 60607 +Dallas TX 75221 +Denver CO 80201 +Detroit MI 48226 +Elizabeth NJ 07207 +Hartford CN 06101 +Houston TX 77052 +Indianapolis IN 46204 +Jersey City NJ 07303 +Los Angeles CA 90053 +Miami FL 33101 +Milwaukee WI 53201 +Minneapolis MN 55401 +New York NY 10001 +Newark NJ 07101 +Paterson NJ 07510 +Philadelphia PA 19104 +Phoenix AR 85026 +Pittsburgh PA 15230 +Providence RI 02904 +Rochester NY 14603 +San Diego CA 92101 +San Francisco CA 94101 +Seattle WA 98101 +St. Louis MO 63166 +Syracuse NY 13201 +Trenton NJ 08608 +Utica NY 13503 +Washington DC 20013 +Yonkers NY 10598 +#create cities +Albany NY 12201 +Atlanta GA 30301 +Baltimore MD 21233 +Boston MA 02109 +Bridgeport CN 06601 +Buffalo NY 14240 +Camden NY 08101 +Chicago IL 60607 +Dallas TX 75221 +Denver CO 80201 +Detroit MI 48226 +Elizabeth NY 07207 +Hartford CN 06101 +Houston TX 77052 +Indianapolis IN 46204 +Jersey City NY 07303 +Los Angeles CA 90053 +Miami FL 33101 +Milwaukee WI 53201 +Minneapolis MN 55401 +New York NY 10001 +Newark NY 07101 +Paterson NY 07510 +Philadelphia PA 19104 +Phoenix AR 85026 +Pittsburgh PA 15230 +Providence RI 02904 +Rochester NY 14603 +San Diego CA 92101 +San Francisco CA 94101 +Seattle WA 98101 +St. Louis MO 63166 +Syracuse NY 13201 +Trenton NJ 08608 +Utica NY 13503 +Washington DC 20013 +Yonkers NY 10598 +#user +#cmp cities Ref +#log +#next +70.2f 5 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L70.2f b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L70.2f new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..b5aa2ebdd7a --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L70.2f @@ -0,0 +1,90 @@ +#print +Remember the search for blank lines with nothing on them? /^$/. +Pick up the file "table" and delete all blank lines; then rewrite +it and type "ready". +#create Ref +Albany NY 12201 +Atlanta GA 30301 +Baltimore MD 21233 +Boston MA 02109 +Bridgeport CN 06601 +Buffalo NY 14240 +Camden NJ 08101 +Chicago IL 60607 +Dallas TX 75221 +Denver CO 80201 +Detroit MI 48226 +Elizabeth NJ 07207 +Hartford CN 06101 +Houston TX 77052 +Indianapolis IN 46204 +Jersey City NJ 07303 +Los Angeles CA 90053 +Miami FL 33101 +Milwaukee WI 53201 +Minneapolis MN 55401 +New York NY 10001 +Newark NJ 07101 +Paterson NJ 07510 +Philadelphia PA 19104 +Phoenix AR 85026 +Pittsburgh PA 15230 +Providence RI 02904 +Rochester NY 14603 +San Diego CA 92101 +San Francisco CA 94101 +Seattle WA 98101 +St. Louis MO 63166 +Syracuse NY 13201 +Trenton NJ 08608 +Utica NY 13503 +Washington DC 20013 +Yonkers NY 10598 +#create table +Albany NY 12201 +Atlanta GA 30301 +Baltimore MD 21233 +Boston MA 02109 +Bridgeport CN 06601 +Buffalo NY 14240 +Camden NJ 08101 +Chicago IL 60607 + +Dallas TX 75221 +Denver CO 80201 +Detroit MI 48226 + +Elizabeth NJ 07207 +Hartford CN 06101 +Houston TX 77052 +Indianapolis IN 46204 +Jersey City NJ 07303 +Los Angeles CA 90053 +Miami FL 33101 + +Milwaukee WI 53201 +Minneapolis MN 55401 +New York NY 10001 +Newark NJ 07101 +Paterson NJ 07510 +Philadelphia PA 19104 +Phoenix AR 85026 +Pittsburgh PA 15230 + + +Providence RI 02904 +Rochester NY 14603 +San Diego CA 92101 +San Francisco CA 94101 +Seattle WA 98101 +St. Louis MO 63166 +Syracuse NY 13201 +Trenton NJ 08608 +Utica NY 13503 +Washington DC 20013 +Yonkers NY 10598 +#user +#cmp table Ref +#log +#next +70.2g 5 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L70.2g b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L70.2g new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..3f34982f1df --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L70.2g @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ +#print +Here is a file "values". Whenever the word +"liter" appears in it, add at the end of that +line the characters + (1 liter = 1.06 quart) +The parentheses should appear in the final +file, and there should be one space before the +left parenthesis. When done, rewrite +the file and type "ready". +#create Ref +gasoline: .52/gallon +milk: 35/qt +rice: .30/lb +acetic acid: 1.20/liter (1 liter = 1.06 quart) +apples: .35/lb +cider: .55/liter (1 liter = 1.06 quart) +butter: .79/lb +soda: .42/liter (1 liter = 1.06 quart) +eggs: .89/doz +cream: 1.25/liter (1 liter = 1.06 quart) +#create values +gasoline: .52/gallon +milk: 35/qt +rice: .30/lb +acetic acid: 1.20/liter +apples: .35/lb +cider: .55/liter +butter: .79/lb +soda: .42/liter +eggs: .89/doz +cream: 1.25/liter +#user +#cmp values Ref +#log +#next +71.1a 5 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L71.1a b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L71.1a new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..1f665f31a01 --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L71.1a @@ -0,0 +1,108 @@ +#print +After the global command has selected the lines +to which the second command is to be applied, it sets '.' (the +current line) to each of these lines in turn as it executes +the controlled command. Thus you can reference the line +before or after the selected line. For example, + g/xx/.-1s/ab/cd/ +changes 'ab' to 'cd' on the line BEFORE each line with xx. +And + g/xx/$t.+1 +inserts a copy of the last line in the file two lines +after each line with 'xx' on it. +In this directory, the file 'memo' has paragraphs indicated +by lines beginning ".PP". Add two blanks to the beginning of +the line after each ".PP", and then delete the ".PP" lines. +This should take only two commands. Rewrite the file and then +type "ready". +#create Ref +The Ascent of the Riffelberg +by Mark Twain + + I sat silent some time, then turned to Harris and said: +``My mind is made up.'' +Something in my tone struck him; and when he glanced +at my eye and read what was written there, his face paled +perceptibly. He hesitated a moment, then said: +``Speak.'' + I answered, with perfect calmness: +``I WILL ASCEND THE RIFFELBERG.'' + If I had shot my poor friend he could not have fallen from +his chair more suddenly. If I had been his father he +could not have pleaded harder to get me to give up my +purpose. But I turned a deaf ear to all he said. When he +perceived at last that nothing could alter my determination, +he ceased to urge, and for a while the deep silence was broken only +by his sobs. I sat in marble resolution, with my +eyes fixed upon vacancy, for in spirit I was already +wrestling with the perils of the mountains, and my friend sat +gazing at me in adoring admiration through his tears. At +last he threw himself upon me in a loving embrace and +exclaimed in broken tones: +``Your Harris will never desert you. We will die together!'' + I cheered the noble fellow with praises, and soon his fears +were forgotten and he was eager for the adventure. He +wanted to summon the guides at once and leave at two in +the morning, as he supposed the custom was; but I explained that nobody +was looking at that hour; and that the start in the dark +was not usually made from the village but +from the first night's resting-place on the mountainside. I +said we would leave the village at 3 or 4 p.m. on the morrow; +meantime he could notify the guides, and also let the public +know of the attempt which we proposed to make. + I went to bed, but not to sleep. No man can sleep when +he is about to undertake one of these Alpine exploits. I +tossed feverishly all night long, and was glad enough when +I heard the clock strike half past eleven and knew it was +time to get up for dinner. +#create memo +The Ascent of the Riffelberg +by Mark Twain + +.PP +I sat silent some time, then turned to Harris and said: +``My mind is made up.'' +Something in my tone struck him; and when he glanced +at my eye and read what was written there, his face paled +perceptibly. He hesitated a moment, then said: +``Speak.'' +.PP +I answered, with perfect calmness: +``I WILL ASCEND THE RIFFELBERG.'' +.PP +If I had shot my poor friend he could not have fallen from +his chair more suddenly. If I had been his father he +could not have pleaded harder to get me to give up my +purpose. But I turned a deaf ear to all he said. When he +perceived at last that nothing could alter my determination, +he ceased to urge, and for a while the deep silence was broken only +by his sobs. I sat in marble resolution, with my +eyes fixed upon vacancy, for in spirit I was already +wrestling with the perils of the mountains, and my friend sat +gazing at me in adoring admiration through his tears. At +last he threw himself upon me in a loving embrace and +exclaimed in broken tones: +``Your Harris will never desert you. We will die together!'' +.PP +I cheered the noble fellow with praises, and soon his fears +were forgotten and he was eager for the adventure. He +wanted to summon the guides at once and leave at two in +the morning, as he supposed the custom was; but I explained that nobody +was looking at that hour; and that the start in the dark +was not usually made from the village but +from the first night's resting-place on the mountainside. I +said we would leave the village at 3 or 4 p.m. on the morrow; +meantime he could notify the guides, and also let the public +know of the attempt which we proposed to make. +.PP +I went to bed, but not to sleep. No man can sleep when +he is about to undertake one of these Alpine exploits. I +tossed feverishly all night long, and was glad enough when +I heard the clock strike half past eleven and knew it was +time to get up for dinner. +#user +#cmp memo Ref +#log +#next +72.1a 10 +72.2a 5 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L72.1a b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L72.1a new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..c1fb0392165 --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L72.1a @@ -0,0 +1,48 @@ +#print +A command related to the global command is the 'v' command. +It also selects lines on which a second command is executed; the +difference between 'g' and 'v' is that the selected lines +for the 'v' command are all those on which the expression +is NOT found. Thus + v/abc/s/x/y/g +changes 'x' to 'y' on all lines NOT containing an 'abc'. +There is a file 'price' in this directory. Find all lines +that do NOT begin with blank and prefix three asterisks +to them. Then rewrite the file and type "ready". +#create Ref +***beef + shoulder 1.39/lb + flank 1.59/lb + sirloin 2.19/lb + round 1.89/lb +***fish + sword 3.99/lb + cod 1.99/lb + blues 2.49/lb + stripers 3.49/lb + flounder 2.99/lb +***pork + shoulder .89/lb + loin 1.59/lb + bacon 1.19/lb +#create price +beef + shoulder 1.39/lb + flank 1.59/lb + sirloin 2.19/lb + round 1.89/lb +fish + sword 3.99/lb + cod 1.99/lb + blues 2.49/lb + stripers 3.49/lb + flounder 2.99/lb +pork + shoulder .89/lb + loin 1.59/lb + bacon 1.19/lb +#user +#cmp price Ref +#log +#next +73.1a 10 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L72.2a b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L72.2a new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..d286e316d7a --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L72.2a @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +#print +A command related to the 'g' command is the 'v' command. The +'v' command also selects lines on which another command is to +be executed; the difference between 'g' and 'v' is that +the 'v' command selects all lines on which the specified +expression is NOT found. Thus + v/ly$/p +prints all lines which do NOT end in "ly". +Or + v/e/p +prints all lines WITHOUT an 'e'in them. +Are there any lines in file "story" +without an 'i'? Find out using the editor; then +leave the editor and type "yes" or "no". +#create story + Credit "rationing," already being imposed by major banks in +big cities, may soon spread to banks large and small in every corner +of the United States. Result: Speculative loans may become hard +to get anywhere. + Working in near-secrecy, a committee of the powerful American +Bankers Association is drafting an unprecedented policy statement +aimed at getting bankers across the country to be far choosier in +making business loans. The ABA it is believed, is being driven to +this move partly by a nagging fear that the Federal Government will +impose lending guidelines if banks fail to tighten up voluntarily. + The ABA's task is delicate. +#copyin +#user +#uncopyin +#match yes +#log +#next +72.2b 10 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L72.2b b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L72.2b new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..b6a9d192b5d --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L72.2b @@ -0,0 +1,54 @@ +#print +Edit the file "cities" to remove all lines NOT +containing "NJ". Then rewrite the file +and type "ready". +#create Ref +Camden NJ 08101 +Elizabeth NJ 07207 +Jersey City NJ 07303 +Newark NJ 07101 +Paterson NJ 07510 +Trenton NJ 08608 +#create cities +Albany NY 12201 +Atlanta GA 30301 +Baltimore MD 21233 +Boston MA 02109 +Bridgeport CN 06601 +Buffalo NY 14240 +Camden NJ 08101 +Chicago IL 60607 +Dallas TX 75221 +Denver CO 80201 +Detroit MI 48226 +Elizabeth NJ 07207 +Hartford CN 06101 +Houston TX 77052 +Indianapolis IN 46204 +Jersey City NJ 07303 +Los Angeles CA 90053 +Miami FL 33101 +Milwaukee WI 53201 +Minneapolis MN 55401 +New York NY 10001 +Newark NJ 07101 +Paterson NJ 07510 +Philadelphia PA 19104 +Phoenix AR 85026 +Pittsburgh PA 15230 +Providence RI 02904 +Rochester NY 14603 +San Diego CA 92101 +San Francisco CA 94101 +Seattle WA 98101 +St. Louis MO 63166 +Syracuse NY 13201 +Trenton NJ 08608 +Utica NY 13503 +Washington DC 20013 +Yonkers NY 10598 +#user +#cmp cities Ref +#log +#next +72.2c 10 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L72.2c b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L72.2c new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..4218185bc7d --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L72.2c @@ -0,0 +1,42 @@ +#print +There is a file "price" in this directory. Find all +lines which don't begin with blank and put three asterisks +at the beginning of each such line. Then rewrite +the file and type "ready". +#create Ref +***beef + shoulder 1.39/lb + flank 1.59/lb + sirloin 2.19/lb + round 1.89/lb +***fish + sword 3.99/lb + cod 1.99/lb + blues 2.49/lb + stripers 3.49/lb + flounder 2.99/lb +***pork + shoulder .89/lb + loin 1.59/lb + bacon 1.19/lb +#create price +beef + shoulder 1.39/lb + flank 1.59/lb + sirloin 2.19/lb + round 1.89/lb +fish + sword 3.99/lb + cod 1.99/lb + blues 2.49/lb + stripers 3.49/lb + flounder 2.99/lb +pork + shoulder .89/lb + loin 1.59/lb + bacon 1.19/lb +#user +#cmp price Ref +#log +#next +72.2d 10 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L72.2d b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L72.2d new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..6f6fd89be10 --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L72.2d @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +#print +There is a file "song" in this directory. Find all lines +which don't end in "." and put a comma at the end of +these lines. Then rewrite the file and type "ready". +#create Ref +It seems that Early English art, + Alone retains its zest. +To charm and please its devotees, + We've done our level best. +We're not quite sure that all we do, + Has the Early English ring, +But as far as we can tell, + It's something lIke this sort of thing. +#create song +It seems that Early English art + Alone retains its zest. +To charm and please its devotees + We've done our level best. +We're not quite sure that all we do + Has the Early English ring +But as far as we can tell + It's something lIke this sort of thing. +#user +#cmp song Ref +#log +#next +73.1a 10 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L73.1a b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L73.1a new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..158d0d987b3 --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L73.1a @@ -0,0 +1,34 @@ +#print +Back early in this sequence we made clear that +the shell (the normal command interpreter) and the +editor were distinct and they didn't pay any attention +to each other's commands. +Sometimes you are in the editor and you really want +to execute a shell command. You can do that +by prefixing it with !. For example, + !ls +will list your directory. +Remember that "date" is the shell command +to find out what time it is. +Try editing the file 'bridge'; print it out, +then, without leaving the editor, ask for the +time and then leave the editor and say "ready". +#create bridge +brooklyn +manhattan +williamsburg +queensborough +george washington +triborough +bronx whitestone +throgs neck +#create X2 +!date +#copyin +#user +#uncopyin +grep date .copy | tail -1 >X1 +#cmp X1 X2 +#log +#next +74.1a 10 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L74.1a b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L74.1a new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..08be154718b --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L74.1a @@ -0,0 +1,80 @@ +#print +Here's a last review exercise. In the file "cities" is a list +of cities with populations and Zip codes. The following cities +were omitted: add them in alphabetical order + St. Louis 622,236 MO 63166 + Columbus 539,677 OH 43216 +Then, edit the file so that + (a) the blanks, if any, at the beginnings of lines and +ends of lines are removed. + (b) each interior string of blanks is replaced by a single tab, +except for the blanks within "Los Angeles", "New Orleans", +"New York", "San Antonio", "San Diego", "San Francisco", +and "St. Louis". + (c) Spell "Washington" and "Indianapolis" correctly. +Then rewrite the file and type "ready". +#create Ref +Atlanta 496,973 GA 30301 +Baltimore 905,759 MD 21233 +Boston 641,071 MA 02109 +Bridgeport 156,542 CN 06601 +Buffalo 462,768 NY 14240 +Chicago 3,366,957 IL 60607 +Cleveland 750,903 OH 44101 +Columbus 539,677 OH 43216 +Dallas 844,401 TX 75221 +Denver 514,678 CO 80201 +Detroit 1,511,482 MI 48226 +Hartford 158,017 CN 06101 +Houston 1,232,802 TX 77052 +Indianapolis 774,624 IN 46201 +Los Angeles 2,809,596 CA 92101 +Miami 334,859 FL 33101 +Milwaukee 717,099 WI 53201 +Minneapolis 434,400 MN 55401 +New Orleans 593,471 LA 70140 +New York 7,894,862 NY 10001 +Newark 382,417 NJ 07901 +Omaha 347,328 NE 68108 +Philadephia 1,948,609 PA 19104 +Phoenix 581,562 AR 85026 +Pittsburgh 520,117 PA 15230 +San Antonio 654,153 TX 78205 +San Diego 696,769 CA 92101 +San Francisco 715,674 CA 94101 +Seattle 530,831 WA 98101 +St. Louis 622,236 MO 63166 +Washington 756,510 DC 20013 +#create cities + Atlanta 496,973 GA 30301 + Baltimore 905,759 MD 21233 +Boston 641,071 MA 02109 +Bridgeport 156,542 CN 06601 + Buffalo 462,768 NY 14240 + Chicago 3,366,957 IL 60607 +Cleveland 750,903 OH 44101 +Dallas 844,401 TX 75221 +Denver 514,678 CO 80201 +Detroit 1,511,482 MI 48226 +Hartford 158,017 CN 06101 +Houston 1,232,802 TX 77052 +Indianpolis 774,624 IN 46201 +Los Angeles 2,809,596 CA 92101 +Miami 334,859 FL 33101 + Milwaukee 717,099 WI 53201 +Minneapolis 434,400 MN 55401 +New Orleans 593,471 LA 70140 +New York 7,894,862 NY 10001 +Newark 382,417 NJ 07901 + Omaha 347,328 NE 68108 + Philadephia 1,948,609 PA 19104 +Phoenix 581,562 AR 85026 +Pittsburgh 520,117 PA 15230 + San Antonio 654,153 TX 78205 + San Diego 696,769 CA 92101 + San Francisco 715,674 CA 94101 + Seattle 530,831 WA 98101 +Washinggton 756,510 DC 20013 +#user +#cmp cities Ref +#log diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L8.1a b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L8.1a new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..ee421a44774 --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L8.1a @@ -0,0 +1,38 @@ +#print +To move around, you can use simple arithmetic +when specifying what to print. For example, + 3+1p +is the same as + 4p +as an editor command. Now that's not very interesting; +but if the '.' current line pointer is line 3, +then using + .+1p +instead of 4p is helpful. +For example, print the 3rd and 4th +lines of the familiar file using first "3p" to +get to line 3 and then ".+1p" to print the next line. +End as usual with w, q, and ready. +#create Ref +thomas jefferson +james madison +91 +#create file +george washington +john adams +thomas jefferson +james madison +james monroe +john quincy adams +#copyout +#pipe +ed file +#user +#unpipe +#uncopyout +tail -3 .ocopy >X1 +#cmp Ref X1 +#log +#next +9.1a 10 +8.1b 7 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L8.1b b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L8.1b new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..852bc4f95b9 --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L8.1b @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +#print +You can also use "-" in addresses. For example, +the line before the current line is line ".-1" +and can be printed with ".-1p" or even just ".-1". +How would you print the line two lines before the current +line? Type "answer COMMAND" where COMMAND is +the command you would type to print that line. +#copyin +#user +#uncopyin +#match .-2p +#match .-2 +#match -2 +#match -- +#log +#next +9.1a 10 +9.2a 5 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L8.2a b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L8.2a new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..631b6f66d57 --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L8.2a @@ -0,0 +1,44 @@ +#print +You can give addresses involving simple arithmetic +to move around in the file. For example, + 3+1p +is the same as + 4p +in the editor. Now that's not interesting, but +if the current line (".") is line 3, then + .+1p +is also 4p; it prints the next line. For example, +you can print the 3rd and 4th lines of this file +using + 3p + .+1p + w + q +where "3p" prints the third line, as usual, +and then ".+1p" prints the next or fourth line. +Try that. Type "ready" when done. +#create Ref +caslon +century schoolbook +86 +#create file +baskerville +bodoni +caslon +century schoolbook +futura +helvetica +news gothic +times roman +#copyout +#pipe +ed file +#user +#unpipe +#uncopyout +tail -3 .ocopy >X1 +#cmp Ref X1 +#log +#next +8.2b 5 +9.1a 10 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L8.2b b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L8.2b new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..f7aeef5a7ee --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L8.2b @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +#print +Using the same scheme, print lines 2 and 3 of this file. +Then rewrite it and leave and type "ready". +#create Ref +john adams +thomas jefferson +91 +#create file +george washington +john adams +thomas jefferson +james madison +james monroe +john quincy adams +#copyout +#pipe +ed file +#user +#unpipe +#uncopyout +tail -3 .ocopy >X1 +#cmp Ref X1 +#log +#next +8.2c 3 +8.1b 8 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L8.2c b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L8.2c new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..bd33aac34d7 --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L8.2c @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ +#print +You can also use "-" in addresses. +For example, you can print the +line before the current line with + .-1p +as a command. Again, I'll put +you in the editor; print the fifth +line and then the fourth, using this +command to print lines in reverse +order. Then leave with w, q, and ready. +#create Ref +carrots +squash +83 +#create file +broccoli +mushrooms +cauliflower +squash +carrots +lettuce +string beans +peas +lima beans +#copyout +#pipe +ed file +#user +#unpipe +#uncopyout +tail -3 .ocopy >X1 +#cmp Ref X1 +#log +#next +9.1a 10 +9.2a 5 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L9.1a b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L9.1a new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..7d5a1e7d061 --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L9.1a @@ -0,0 +1,34 @@ +#print +Printing only one line at a time gets pretty +slow. You can print several lines with +commands like + 1,3p +which prints lines 1, 2 and 3. +Again, I'll put you into the editor +with the familiar file. Print lines +2 through 5 of it; then type w, q and ready. +#create Ref +john adams +thomas jefferson +james madison +james monroe +91 +#create file +george washington +john adams +thomas jefferson +james madison +james monroe +john quincy adams +#copyout +#pipe +ed file +#user +#unpipe +#uncopyout +tail -5 .ocopy >X1 +#cmp X1 Ref +#log +#next +10.1a 10 +9.2e 5 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L9.2a b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L9.2a new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..2ccb8daa373 --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L9.2a @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ +#print +You can print several lines at once by +using commands like + 1,3p +which prints lines 1, 2 and 3. Again, +I'll put you into the editor. Print +lines 1 to 3 of the file; then type +w, q and ready. +Your commands should look like + 1,3p + w + q + ready +#create Ref +george washington +john adams +thomas jefferson +91 +#create file +george washington +john adams +thomas jefferson +james madison +james monroe +john quincy adams +#copyout +#pipe +ed file +#user +#unpipe +#uncopyout +tail -4 .ocopy >X1 +#cmp X1 Ref +#log +#next +9.2b 5 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L9.2b b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L9.2b new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..3f9aca81d5a --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L9.2b @@ -0,0 +1,34 @@ +#print +You can of course use any kind of line +numbers for the addresses in the +"p" command. Just as you did before, +print lines 2 through 5 of this file, +and then type w, q, and ready. +#create Ref +mushrooms +cauliflower +squash +carrots +83 +#create file +broccoli +mushrooms +cauliflower +squash +carrots +lettuce +string beans +peas +lima beans +#copyout +#pipe +ed file +#user +#unpipe +#uncopyout +tail -5 .ocopy >X1 +#cmp X1 Ref +#log +#next +9.3c 3 +9.2d 7 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L9.2d b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L9.2d new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..ed4e4081322 --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L9.2d @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ +#print +The "." operator can be used with multiple +addresses to refer to the current line +in either the first or second position (or both). +For example, you could print from the current line +to the 6th line with + .,6p +and similarly for any other line. I'll put +you in the editor again, with the current line +set in the middle of a short file; print from +the current line position to the fifth line, and +then type w, q and ready. +#create Ref + 2. UNIX + 3. hardware + 4. software + 5. manuals +97 +#create file + 2. UNIX + 3. hardware + 4. software + 5. manuals +you shouldn't have printed this line. +#copyout +#pipe +ed file +1t1 +#user +#unpipe +#uncopyout +tail -5 .ocopy >X1 +#cmp X1 Ref +#log +#next +9.2e 5 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L9.2e b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L9.2e new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..15ac77a3452 --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L9.2e @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +#print +You can also employ addresses using arithmetic with +this kind of command. For example, what "p" command +would you type to print from line 2 to the line +before the current line of the file? Remember what +the line before the current line is: + .-1 +right? +Type "answer COMMAND" where COMMAND is the specified +"p" command. +#copyin +#user +#uncopyin +#match 2,.-1p +#match 2,-p +#match 2,.-p +#log +#next +10.1a 10 +10.2a 5 +10.3a 2 diff --git a/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L9.3c b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L9.3c new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..859ccb0ecf6 --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/learn/lib/editor/L9.3c @@ -0,0 +1,44 @@ +#print +You can make up addresses for the 'p' command +using '.' for the current line when there are +two addresses, also. For example, you could +print from the first line up to the present +line with + 1,.p +and I suggest you try that now. After +that command, type the usual + w + q + ready +#create Ref +83 +broccoli +mushrooms +cauliflower +squash +carrots +lettuce +string beans +peas +lima beans +83 +#create file +broccoli +mushrooms +cauliflower +squash +carrots +lettuce +string beans +peas +lima beans +#copyout +#pipe +ed file +#user +#unpipe +#uncopyout +#cmp .ocopy Ref +#log +#next +9.2d 5 |