initial import of NetBSD tree

7 files changed, 7291 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/usr.bin/vi/USD.doc/vi.ref/Makefile b/usr.bin/vi/USD.doc/vi.ref/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..80c3fe5011f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/usr.bin/vi/USD.doc/vi.ref/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+#	@(#)Makefile	8.16 (Berkeley) 8/15/94
+
+DIR=	usd/13.viref
+SRCS=	vi.ref ex.cmd.roff set.opt.roff vi.cmd.roff ref.so
+EXTRA=	merge.awk spell.ok
+MACROS=	-me
+CLEANFILES+=vi.ref.txt index index.so
+
+paper.ps: vi.ref index.so
+	soelim vi.ref | ${TBL} | ${ROFF} > ${.TARGET}
+
+vi.ref.txt: vi.ref index.so
+	soelim vi.ref | ${TBL} | groff ${MACROS} -Tascii > $@
+
+index.so: vi.ref
+	# Build index.so, side-effect of building the paper.
+	soelim vi.ref | ${TBL} | ${ROFF} > /dev/null
+	sed -e 's/MINUSSIGN/\\-/' \
+	    -e 's/DOUBLEQUOTE/""/' \
+	    -e "s/SQUOTE/'/" \
+	    -e 's/ /__SPACE/g' < index | \
+	sort -u '-t	' +0 -1 +1n | awk -f merge.awk | \
+	sed -e 's/__SPACE/ /g' > index.so
+	rm -f index
+
+.include <bsd.doc.mk>
diff --git a/usr.bin/vi/USD.doc/vi.ref/ex.cmd.roff b/usr.bin/vi/USD.doc/vi.ref/ex.cmd.roff
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a9cba6ae336
--- /dev/null
+++ b/usr.bin/vi/USD.doc/vi.ref/ex.cmd.roff
@@ -0,0 +1,1776 @@
+.\" Copyright (c) 1994
+.\"	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
+.\"
+.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+.\" are met:
+.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+.\"    must display the following acknowledgement:
+.\"	This product includes software developed by the University of
+.\"	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+.\"    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+.\"    without specific prior written permission.
+.\"
+.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
+.\"
+.\"	@(#)ex.cmd.roff	8.24 (Berkeley) 7/17/94
+.\"
+.SH 1 "Ex Description"
+.pp
+The following words have special meanings for
+.CO ex
+commands.
+.KY "<eof>"
+.IP "<eof>"
+The end-of-file character is used to scroll the screen in the
+.CO ex
+editor.
+This character is normally
+.LI <control-D> ,
+however, whatever character is set for the current terminal is used.
+.KY "line"
+.IP "line"
+A single-line address, given in any of the forms described in the
+section entitled
+.QB "Ex Addressing" .
+The default for
+.LI line
+is the current line.
+.KY "range"
+.IP "range"
+A line, or a pair of line addresses, separated by a comma or semicolon.
+(See the section entitled
+.QB "Ex Addressing"
+for more information.)
+The default for range is the current line
+.i only ,
+i.e.
+.QT \&.,. .
+A percent sign
+.PQ %
+stands for the range
+.QT 1,$ .
+The starting address must be less than, or equal to, the ending address.
+.KY "count"
+.IP "count"
+A positive integer, specifying the number of lines to be affected by
+the command; the default is 1.
+Generally, a count past the end-of-file may be specified, e.g. the
+command
+.QT "p 3000"
+in a 10 line file is acceptable, and will print from the current line
+through the last line in the file.
+.KY "flags"
+.IP "flags"
+One or more of the characters
+.QQ # ,
+.QQ p ,
+and
+.QQ l .
+When a command that accepts these flags completes, the addressed line(s)
+are written out as if by the corresponding
+.CO # ,
+.CO l
+or
+.CO p
+commands.
+In addition, any number of
+.QT +
+or
+.QT \-
+characters can be specified before, after, or during the flags, in which
+case the line written is not necessarily the one affected by the command,
+but rather the line addressed by the offset address specified.
+The default for
+.LI flags
+is none.
+.KY "file"
+.IP "file"
+A pattern used to derive a pathname; the default is the current file.
+File names are subjected to normal
+.XR sh 1
+word expansions.
+.pp
+Anywhere a file name is specified, it is also possible to use
+the special string
+.QT /tmp .
+This will be replaced with a temporary file name which can be used
+for temporary work, e.g.
+.QT ":e /tmp"
+creates and edits a new file.
+.pp
+If both a count and a range are specified for commands that use either,
+the starting line for the command is the
+.i last
+line addressed by the range, and
+.LI count - 1
+subsequent lines are affected by the command, e.g. the command
+.QT 2,3p4
+prints out lines 3, 4, 5 and 6.
+.pp
+When only a line or range is specified, with no command, the implied
+command is either a
+.CO list ,
+.CO number
+or
+.CO print
+command.
+The command used is the most recent of the three commands to have been
+used (including any use as a flag).
+If none of these commands have been used before, the
+.CO print
+command is the implied command.
+When no range or count is specified and the command line is a blank line,
+the current line is incremented by 1 and then the current line is displayed.
+.pp
+Zero or more whitespace characters may precede or follow the addresses,
+count, flags, or command name.
+Any object following a command name (such as buffer, file, etc.),
+that begins with an alphabetic character,
+should be separated from the command name by at least one whitespace
+character.
+.pp
+Any character, including
+.LI <carriage-return> ,
+.QT %
+and
+.QT #
+retain their literal value when preceded by a backslash.
+.SH 1 "Ex Commands"
+.pp
+The following section describes the commands available in the
+.CO ex
+editor.
+In each entry below, the tag line is a usage synopsis for the command.
+.pp
+Each command can be entered as the abbreviation
+(those characters in the synopsis command word preceding the
+.QQ [
+character),
+the full command (all characters shown for the command word,
+omitting the
+.QQ [
+and
+.QQ ]
+characters),
+or any leading subset of the full command down to the abbreviation.
+For example, the args command (shown as
+.QT ar[gs]
+in the synopsis)
+can be entered as
+.QT ar ,
+.QT arg
+or
+.QT args .
+.pp
+Each
+.CO ex
+command described below notes the new current line after it
+is executed, as well as any options that affect the command.
+.KY DOUBLEQUOTE
+.IP """"
+A comment.
+Command lines beginning with the double-quote character
+.PQ """"
+are ignored.
+This permits comments in editor scripts and startup files.
+.KY "<end-of-file>"
+.IP "<end-of-file>"
+Scroll the screen.
+Write the next N lines, where N is the value of the
+.OP scroll
+option.
+The command is the end-of-file terminal character, which may be
+different on different terminals.
+Traditionally, it is the
+.LI <control-D>
+key.
+.sp
+Historically, the
+.CO eof
+command ignored any preceding count, and the
+.LI <end-of-file>
+character was ignored unless it was entered as the first character
+of the command.
+This implementation treats it as a command
+.i only
+if entered as the first character of the command line, and otherwise
+treats it as any other character.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Set to the last line written.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY "!"
+.IP "! argument(s)"
+.Ip "[range]! argument(s)"
+Execute a shell command, or filter lines through a shell command.
+In the first synopsis, the remainder of the line after the
+.QT !
+character is passed to the program named by the
+.OP shell
+option, as a single argument.
+.sp
+Within the rest of the line,
+.QT %
+and
+.QT #
+are expanded into the current and alternate pathnames, respectively.
+The character
+.QT !
+is expanded with the command text of the previous
+.CO !
+command.
+(Therefore, the command
+.CO !!
+repeats the previous
+.CO !
+command.)
+The special meanings of
+.QT % ,
+.QT # ,
+and
+.QT !
+can be overridden by escaping them with a backslash.
+If no
+.CO !
+or
+.CO :!
+command has yet been executed, it is an error to use an unescaped
+.QT !
+character.
+The
+.CO !
+command does
+.i not
+do shell expansion on the strings provided as arguments.
+If any of the above expansions change the command the user entered,
+the command is redisplayed at the bottom of the screen.
+.sp
+.CO Ex
+then executes the program named by the
+.OP shell
+option, with a
+.b \-c
+flag followed by the arguments (which are bundled into a single argument).
+.sp
+The
+.CO !
+command is permitted in an empty file.
+.sp
+If the file has been modified since it was last completely written,
+the
+.Co !
+command will warn you.
+.sp
+A single
+.QT !
+character is displayed when the command completes.
+.sp
+In the second form of the
+.CO !
+command, the remainder of the line after the
+.QT !
+is passed to the program named by the
+.OP shell
+option, as described above.
+The specified lines are passed to the program as standard input,
+and the standard and standard error output of the program replace
+the original lines.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Unchanged if no range was specified, otherwise set to the first
+line of the range.
+.SP Options:
+Affected by the
+.OP autowrite
+and
+.OP writeany
+options.
+.SE
+.KY "number"
+.IP "[range] nu[mber] [count] [flags]"
+.KY "#"
+.Ip "[range] # [count] [flags]"
+Display the selected lines, each preceded with its line number.
+.sp
+The line number format is
+.QQ %6d ,
+followed by two spaces.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Set to the last line displayed.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY "@"
+.IP "@ buffer"
+.KY "*"
+.Ip "* buffer"
+Execute a buffer.
+Each line in the named buffer is executed as an
+.CO ex
+command.
+If no buffer is specified, or if the specified buffer is
+.QT @
+or
+.QT * ,
+the last buffer executed is used.
+.KY <
+.IP "[range] <[< ...] [count] [flags]"
+Shift lines left or right.
+The specified lines are shifted to the left (for the
+.CO <
+command) or right (for the
+.CO >
+command), by the number of columns specified by the
+.OP shiftwidth
+option.
+Only leading whitespace characters are deleted when shifting left;
+once the first column of the line contains a nonblank character,
+the
+.CO shift
+command will succeed, but the line will not be modified.
+.sp
+If the command character
+.CO <
+or
+.CO >
+is repeated more than once, the command is repeated once for each
+additional command character.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+If the current line is set to one of the lines that are affected
+by the command, it is unchanged.
+Otherwise, it is set to the first nonblank character of the lowest
+numbered line shifted.
+.SP Options:
+Affected by the
+.OP shiftwidth
+option.
+.SE
+.KY =
+.IP "[line] = [flags]"
+Display the line number.
+Display the line number of
+.LI line
+(which defaults to the last line in the file).
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Unchanged.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY >
+.IP "[range] >[> ...] [count] [flags]"
+Shift right.
+The specified lines are shifted to the right by the number of columns
+specified by the
+.OP shiftwidth
+option, by inserting tab and space characters.
+Empty lines are not changed.
+.sp
+If the command character
+.QT >
+is repeated more than once, the command is repeated once for each
+additional command character.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Set to the last line modified by the command.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY abbrev
+.IP "ab[brev] lhs rhs"
+Add an abbreviation to the current abbreviation list.
+In
+.CO vi ,
+if
+.LI lhs
+is entered such that it is preceded and followed by characters
+that cannot be part of a word, it is replaced by the string
+.LI rhs .
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Unchanged.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY append
+.IP "[line] a[ppend][!]"
+The input text is appended to the specified line.
+If line 0 is specified, the text is inserted at the beginning of the file.
+Set to the last line input.
+If no lines are input, then set to
+.LI line ,
+or to the first line of the file if a
+.LI line
+of 0 was specified.
+Following the command name with a
+.QT !
+character causes the
+.OP autoindent
+option to be toggled for the duration of the command.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Unchanged.
+.SP Options:
+Affected by the
+.OP altwerase ,
+.OP autoindent ,
+.OP beautify ,
+.OP showmatch ,
+.OP ttywerase
+and
+.OP wrapmargin
+options.
+.SE
+.KY args
+.IP "ar[gs]"
+Display the argument list.
+The current argument is displayed inside of
+.QT [
+and
+.QT ]
+characters.
+The argument list is the list of operands specified on startup,
+which can be replaced using the
+.CO next
+command.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Unchanged.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY bg
+.IP bg
+.CO Vi
+mode only.
+Background the current screen.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Set to the current line when the screen was last edited.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY change
+.IP "[range] c[hange][!] [count]"
+Replace the lines with input text.
+Following the command name with a
+.QT !
+character causes the
+.OP autoindent
+option to be toggled for the duration of the command.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Set to the last line input, or, if no lines were input,
+set to the line before the target line, or to the first
+line of the file if there are no lines preceding the target line.
+.SP Options:
+Affected by the
+.OP altwerase ,
+.OP autoindent ,
+.OP beautify ,
+.OP showmatch ,
+.OP ttywerase
+and
+.OP wrapmargin
+options.
+.SE
+.KY cd
+.KY chdir
+.IP "chd[ir][!] [directory]"
+.Ip "cd[!] [directory]"
+Change the current working directory.
+The
+.LI directory
+argument is subjected to
+.XR sh 1
+word expansions.
+When invoked with no directory argument and the
+.LI HOME
+environment variable is set, the directory named by the
+.LI HOME
+environment variable becomes the new current directory.
+Otherwise, the new current directory becomes the directory returned
+by the
+.XR getpwent 3
+routine.
+.sp
+The
+.CO chdir
+command will fail if the file has been modified since the last complete
+write of the file.
+You can override this check by appending a
+.QT !
+character to the command.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Unchanged.
+.SP Options:
+Affected by the
+.OP cdpath
+option.
+.SE
+.KY copy
+.KY t
+.IP "[range] co[py] line [flags]"
+.Ip "[range] t line [flags]"
+Copy the specified lines (range) after the destination line.
+Line 0 may be specified to insert the lines at the beginning of
+the file.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Unchanged.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY delete
+.IP "[range] d[elete] [buffer] [count] [flags]"
+Delete the lines from the file.
+The deleted text is saved in the specified buffer, or, if no buffer
+is specified, in the unnamed buffer.
+If the command name is followed by a letter that could be interpreted
+as either a buffer name or a flag value (because neither a
+.LI count
+or
+.LI flags
+values were given),
+.CO ex
+treats the letter as a
+.LI flags
+value if the letter immediately follows the command name,
+without any whitespace separation.
+If the letter is preceded by whitespace characters,
+it treats it as a buffer name.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Set to the line following the deleted lines,
+or to the last line if the deleted lines were at the end.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY display
+.IP "di[splay] b[uffers] | s[creens] | t[ags]"
+Display buffers, screens or tags.
+The
+.CO display
+command takes one of three additional arguments, which are as follows:
+.SS
+.SP b[uffers]
+Display all buffers (including named, unnamed, and numeric)
+that contain text.
+.SP s[creens]
+Display the file names of all background screens.
+.SP t[ags]
+Display the tags stack.
+.SE
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Unchanged.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY edit
+.IP "e[dit][!] [+cmd] [file]"
+.Ip "ex[!] [+cmd] [file]"
+Edit a different file.
+If the current buffer has been modified since the last complete write,
+the command will fail.
+You can override this by appending a
+.QT !
+character to the command name.
+.sp
+If the
+.QT +cmd
+option is specified, that
+.CO ex
+command will be executed in the new file.
+Any
+.CO ex
+command may be used, although the most common use of this feature is
+to specify a line number or search pattern to set the initial location
+in the new file.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+If you have previously edited the file, the current line will be set
+to your last position in the file.
+If that position does not exist, or you have not previously edited the
+file, the current line will be set to the first line of the file if
+you are in
+.CO vi
+mode, and the last line of the file if you are in
+.CO ex .
+.SP Options:
+Affected by the
+.OP autowrite
+and
+.OP writeany
+options.
+.SE
+.KY exusage
+.IP "exu[sage] [command]"
+Display usage for an
+.CO ex
+command.
+If
+.LI command
+is specified, a usage statement for that command is displayed.
+Otherwise, usage statements for all
+.CO ex
+commands are displayed.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Unchanged.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY file
+.IP "f[ile] [file]"
+Display and optionally change the file name.
+If a file name is specified, the current pathname is changed to the
+specified name.
+The current pathname, the number of lines, and the current position
+in the file are displayed.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Unchanged.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY fg
+.IP "fg [name]"
+.CO Vi
+mode only.
+Foreground the specified screen.
+Swap the current screen with the specified backgrounded screen.
+If no screen is specified, the first background screen is foregrounded.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Set to the current line when the screen was last edited.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY global
+.IP "[range] g[lobal] /pattern/ [commands]"
+.KY v
+.Ip "[range] v /pattern/ [commands]"
+Apply commands to lines matching (or not matching) a pattern.
+The lines within the given range that match
+.PQ g[lobal] ,
+or do not match
+.PQ v
+the given pattern are selected.
+Then, the specified
+.CO ex
+command(s) are executed with the current line
+.PQ \&.
+set to each selected line.
+If no range is specified, the entire file is searched for matching,
+or not matching, lines.
+.sp
+Multiple commands can be specified, one per line, by escaping each
+.LI <newline>
+character with a backslash, or by separating commands with a
+.QT |
+character.
+If no commands are specified, the command defaults to the
+.CO print
+command.
+.sp
+For the
+.CO append ,
+.CO change
+and
+.CO insert
+commands, the input text must be part of the global command line.
+In this case, the terminating period can be omitted if it ends the commands.
+.sp
+The
+.CO visual
+command may also be specified as one of the
+.CO ex
+commands.
+In this mode, input is taken from the terminal.
+Entering a
+.CO Q
+command in
+.CO vi
+mode causes the next line matching the pattern to be selected and
+.CO vi
+to be reentered, until the list is exhausted.
+.sp
+The
+.CO global ,
+.CO v
+and
+.CO undo
+commands cannot be used as part of these commands.
+.sp
+The editor options
+.OP autoprint ,
+.OP autoindent ,
+and
+.OP report
+are turned off for the duration of the
+.CO global
+and
+.CO v
+commands.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+The last line modified.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY help
+.IP "he[lp]"
+Display a help message.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Unchanged.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY insert
+.IP "[line] i[nsert][!]"
+The input text is inserted before the specified line.
+Following the command name with a
+.QT !
+character causes the
+.OP autoindent
+option setting to be toggled for the duration of this command.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Set to the last line input; if no lines were input,
+set to the line before the target line, or to the first line
+of the file if there are no lines preceding the target line.
+.SP Options:
+Affected by the
+.OP altwerase ,
+.OP autoindent ,
+.OP beautify ,
+.OP showmatch ,
+.OP ttywerase
+and
+.OP wrapmargin
+options.
+.SE
+.KY join
+.IP "[range] j[oin][!] [count] [flags]"
+Join lines of text together.
+.sp
+A
+.LI count
+specified to the
+.Sy join
+command specifies that the last line of the
+.LI range
+plus
+.LI count
+subsequent lines will be joined.
+(Note, this differs by one from the general rule where only
+.LI count - 1
+subsequent lines are affected.)
+.sp
+If the current line ends with a whitespace character, all whitespace
+is stripped from the next line.
+Otherwise, if the next line starts with a open parenthesis
+.PQ ( ,
+do nothing.
+Otherwise, if the current line ends with a question mark
+.PQ ? ,
+period
+.PQ \&.
+or exclamation point
+.PQ ! ,
+insert two spaces.
+Otherwise, insert a single space.
+.sp
+Appending a
+.QT !
+character to the command name causes a simpler join with no
+white-space processing.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Unchanged.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY list
+.IP "[range] l[ist] [count] [flags]"
+Display the lines unambiguously.
+Tabs are displayed as
+.QT ^I ,
+and the end of the line is marked with a
+.QT $
+character.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Set to the last line displayed.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY map
+.IP "map[!] [lhs rhs]"
+Define or display maps (for
+.CO vi
+only).
+.sp
+If
+.QT lhs
+and
+.QT rhs
+are not specified, the current set of command mode maps are displayed.
+If a
+.QT !
+character is appended to to the command,
+the text input mode maps are displayed.
+.sp
+Otherwise, when the
+.QT lhs
+character sequence is entered in
+.CO vi ,
+the action is as if the corresponding
+.QT rhs
+had been entered.
+If a
+.QT !
+character is appended to the command name,
+the mapping is effective during text input mode,
+otherwise, it is effective during command mode.
+This allows
+.QT lhs
+to have two different macro definitions at the same time: one for command
+mode and one for input mode.
+.sp
+Whitespace characters require escaping with a
+.LI <literal next>
+character to be entered in the
+.LI lhs
+string in visual mode.
+.sp
+Normally, keys in the
+.LI rhs
+string are remapped (see the
+.OP remap
+option),
+and it is possible to create infinite loops.
+However, keys which map to themselves are not further remapped,
+regardless of the setting of the
+.OP remap
+option.
+For example, the command
+.QT ":map n nz."
+maps the
+.QT n
+key to the
+.CO n
+and
+.CO z
+commands.
+.sp
+To exit an infinitely looping map, use the terminal
+.LI <interrupt>
+character.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Unchanged.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY mark
+.KY k
+.IP "[line] ma[rk] <character>"
+.Ip "[line] k <character>"
+Mark the line with the mark
+.LI <character> .
+The expressions
+.QT '<character>
+and
+.QT `<character>
+can then be used as an address in any command that uses one.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Unchanged.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY move
+.IP "[range] m[ove] line"
+Move the specified lines after the target line.
+A target line of 0 places the lines at the beginning of the file.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Set to the first of the moved lines.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY mkexrc
+.IP "mk[exrc][!] file"
+Write the abbreviations, editor options and maps to the specified
+file.
+Information is written in a form which can later be read back in
+using the
+.CO ex
+.CO source
+command.
+If
+.LI file
+already exists, the
+.CO mkexrc
+command will fail.
+This check can be overridden by appending a
+.QT !
+character to the command.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Unchanged.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY next
+.IP "n[ext][!] [file ...]"
+Edit the next file from the argument list.
+The
+.CO next
+command will fail if the file has been modified since the last complete
+write.
+This check can be overridden by appending the
+.QT !
+character to the command name.
+The argument list can optionally be replaced by specifying a new one
+as arguments to this command.
+In this case, editing starts with the first file on the new list.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Set as described for the
+.CO edit
+command.
+.SP Options:
+Affected by the options
+.OP autowrite
+and
+.OP writeany .
+.SE
+.KY open
+.IP "[line] o[pen] /pattern/ [flags]"
+Enter open mode.
+Open mode is the same as being in
+.CO vi ,
+but with a one-line window.
+All the standard
+.CO vi
+commands are available.
+If a match is found for the optional RE argument,
+the cursor is set to the start of the matching pattern.
+.sp
+.i "This command is not yet implemented."
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Unchanged, unless the optional RE is specified, in which case it is
+set to the line where the matching pattern is found.
+.SP Options:
+Affected by the
+.OP open
+option.
+.SE
+.KY preserve
+.IP "pre[serve]"
+Save the file in a form that can later be recovered using the
+.CO ex
+.b \-r
+option.
+When the file is preserved, an email message is sent to the user.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Unchanged.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY previous
+.IP "prev[ious][!]"
+Edit the previous file from the argument list.
+The
+.CO previous
+command will fail if the file has been modified since the last complete
+write.
+This check can be overridden by appending the
+.QT !
+character to the command name.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Set as described for the
+.CO edit
+command.
+.SP Options:
+Affected by the options
+.OP autowrite
+and
+.OP writeany .
+None.
+.SE
+.KY print
+.IP "[range] p[rint] [count] [flags]"
+Display the specified lines.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Set to the last line displayed.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY put
+.IP "[line] pu[t] [buffer]"
+Append buffer contents to the current line.
+If a buffer is specified, its contents are appended to the line,
+otherwise, the contents of the unnamed buffer are used.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Set to the line after the current line.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY quit
+.IP "q[uit][!]"
+End the editing session.
+If the file has been modified since the last complete write, the
+.CO quit
+command will fail.
+This check may be overridden by appending a
+.QT !
+character to the command.
+.sp
+If there are more files to edit, the
+.CO quit
+command will fail.
+Appending a
+.QT !
+character to the command name or entering two
+.CO quit
+commands (i.e.
+.CO wq ,
+.CO quit ,
+.CO xit
+or
+.CO ZZ )
+in a row) will override this check and the editor will exit.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Unchanged.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY read
+.IP "[line] r[ead][!] [file]"
+Read a file.
+A copy of the specified file is appended to the line.
+If
+.LI line
+is 0, the copy is inserted at the beginning of the file.
+If no file is specified, the current file is read; if there is no
+current file, then
+.LI file
+becomes the current file.
+If there is no current file and no
+.LI file
+is specified, then the
+.CO read
+command will fail.
+.sp
+If
+.LI file
+is preceded by a
+.QT !
+character,
+.LI file
+is treated as if it were a shell command, and passed to the program
+named by the
+.LI SHELL
+environment variable.
+The standard and standard error outputs of that command are read into
+the file after the specified line.
+The special meaning of the
+.QT !
+character can be overridden by escaping it with a backslash
+.PQ \e
+character.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+When executed from
+.CO ex ,
+the current line is set to the last line read.
+When executed from
+.CO vi ,
+the current line is set to the first line read.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY recover
+.IP "rec[over] file"
+Recover
+.LI file
+if it was previously saved.
+If no saved file by that name exists, the
+.CO recover
+command behaves similarly to the
+.CO edit
+command.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Set as described for the
+.CO edit
+command.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY resize
+.IP "res[ize] [+|-]size"
+.CO Vi
+mode only.
+Grow or shrink the current screen.
+If
+.LI size
+is a positive, signed number, the current screen is grown by that many lines.
+If
+.LI size
+is a negative, signed number, the current screen is shrunk by that many lines.
+If
+.LI size
+is not signed, the current screen is set to the specified
+.LI size .
+Applicable only to split screens.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Unchanged.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY rewind
+.IP "rew[ind][!]"
+Rewind the argument list.
+If the current file has been modified since the last complete write,
+the
+.CO rewind
+command will fail.
+This check may be overridden by appending the
+.QT !
+character to the command.
+.sp
+Otherwise, the current file is set to the first file in the argument
+list.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Set as described for the
+.CO edit
+command.
+.SP Options:
+Affected by the
+.OP autowrite
+and
+.OP writeany
+options.
+.SE
+.KY set
+.IP "se[t] [option[=[value]] ...] [nooption ...] [option? ...] [all]"
+Display or set editor options.
+When no arguments are specified, the editor option
+.OP term ,
+and any editor options whose values have been changed from the
+default settings are displayed.
+If the argument
+.LI all
+is specified, the values of all of editor options are displayed.
+.sp
+Specifying an option name followed by the character
+.QT ?
+causes the current value of that option to be displayed.
+The
+.QT ?
+can be separated from the option name by whitespace characters.
+The
+.QT ?
+is necessary only for Boolean valued options.
+Boolean options can be given values by the form
+.QT "set option"
+to turn them on, or
+.QT "set nooption"
+to turn them off.
+String and numeric options can be assigned by the form
+.QT "set option=value" .
+Any whitespace characters in strings can be included literally by preceding
+each with a backslash.
+More than one option can be set or listed by a single set command,
+by specifying multiple arguments, each separated from the next by
+whitespace characters.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Unchanged.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY shell
+.IP "sh[ell]"
+Run a shell program.
+The program named by the
+.OP shell
+option is run with a
+.b \-i
+(for interactive) flag.
+Editing is resumed when that program exits.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Unchanged.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY source
+.IP "so[urce] file"
+Read and execute
+.CO ex
+commands from a file.
+.CO Source
+commands may be nested.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Unchanged.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY split
+.IP "sp[lit] [file ...]"
+.CO Vi
+mode only.
+Split the screen.
+The current screen is split into two screens, of approximately equal size.
+If the cursor is in the lower half of the screen, the screen will split
+up, i.e. the new screen will be above the old one.
+If the cursor is in the upper half of the screen, the new screen will be
+below the old one.
+.sp
+If
+.LI file
+is specified, the new screen is editing that file, otherwise, both
+screens are editing the same file, and changes in each will be
+be reflected in the other.
+The argument list for the new screen consists of the list of files
+specified as arguments to this command, or, the current pathname if
+no files are specified.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+If
+.LI file
+is specified, set as for the
+.CO edit
+command, otherwise unchanged.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY substitute
+.IP "[range] s[ubstitute] [/pattern/replace/] [options] [count] [flags]"
+.KY &
+.Ip "[range] & [options] [count] [flags]"
+.KY ~
+.Ip "[range] ~ [options] [count] [flags]"
+Make substitutions.
+Replace the first instance of
+.LI pattern
+with the string
+.LI replace
+on the specified line(s).
+If the
+.QT /pattern/repl/
+argument is not specified, the
+.QT /pattern/repl/
+from the previous
+.CO substitute
+command is used.
+.sp
+If
+.LI options
+includes the letter
+.QT c
+(confirm), you will be prompted for confirmation before each replacement
+is done.
+An affirmative response (in English, a
+.QT y
+character) causes the replacement to be made.
+A quit response (in English, a
+.QT q
+character) causes the
+.CO substitute
+command to be terminated.
+Any other response causes the replacement not to be made, and the
+.CO substitute
+command continues.
+If
+.LI options
+includes the letter
+.QT g
+(global), all nonoverlapping instances of
+.LI pattern
+in the line are replaced.
+.sp
+The
+.CO &
+version of the command is the same as not specifying a pattern
+or replacement string to the
+.CO substitute
+command, and the
+.QT &
+is replaced by the pattern and replacement information from the
+previous substitute command.
+.sp
+The
+.CO ~
+version of the command is the same as
+.CO &
+and
+.CO s ,
+except that the search pattern used is the last RE used in
+.i any
+command, not necessarily the one used in the last
+.CO substitute
+command.
+.sp
+For example, in the sequence
+.ft C
+.(b
+s/red/blue/
+/green
+~
+.)b
+.ft R
+the
+.QT ~
+is equivalent to
+.QT s/green/blue/ .
+.sp
+The
+.CO substitute
+command may be interrupted, using the terminal interrupt character.
+All substitutions completed before the interrupt are retained.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Set to the last line upon which a substitution was made.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY suspend
+.IP "su[spend][!]"
+.KY stop
+.Ip "st[op][!]"
+.KY <control-Z>
+.Ip <control-Z>
+Suspend the edit session.
+Appending a
+.QT !
+character to these commands turns off the
+.OP autowrite
+option for the command.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Unchanged.
+.SP Options:
+Affected by the
+.OP autowrite
+option.
+.SE
+.KY tag
+.IP "ta[g][!] tagstring"
+Edit the file containing the specified tag.
+Search for the tagstring, which can be in a different file.
+If the tag is in a different file, then the new file is edited.
+If the current file has been modified since the last complete write,
+the
+.CO tag
+command will fail.
+This check can be overridden by appending the
+.QT !
+character to the command name.
+.sp
+The
+.CO tag
+command searches for
+.LI tagstring
+in the tags file(s) specified by the
+.Op tags
+option.
+(See
+.XR ctags 1
+for more information on tags files.)
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Set to the line indicated by the tag.
+.SP Options:
+Affected by the
+.OP autowrite ,
+.OP taglength ,
+.OP tags
+and
+.OP writeany
+options.
+.SE
+.KY tagpop
+.IP "tagp[op][!] [file | number]"
+Pop to the specified tag in the tags stack.
+If neither
+.LI file
+or
+.LI number
+is specified, the
+.CO tagpop
+command pops to the most recent entry on the tags stack.
+If
+.LI file
+or
+.LI number
+is specified, the
+.CO tagpop
+command pops to the most recent entry in the tags stack for that file,
+or numbered entry in the tags stack, respectively.
+(See the
+.CO display
+command for information on displaying the tags stack.)
+.sp
+If the file has been modified since the last complete write, the
+.CO tagpop
+command will fail.
+This check may be overridden by appending a
+.QT !
+character to the command name.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Set to the line indicated by the tag.
+.SP Options:
+Affected by the
+.OP autowrite ,
+and
+.OP writeany
+options.
+.SE
+.KY tagtop
+.IP "tagt[op][!]"
+Pop to the least recent tag on the tags stack, clearing the tags stack.
+.sp
+If the file has been modified since the last complete write, the
+.CO tagpop
+command will fail.
+This check may be overridden by appending a
+.QT !
+character to the command name.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Set to the line indicated by the tag.
+.SP Options:
+Affected by the
+.OP autowrite ,
+and
+.OP writeany
+options.
+.SE
+.KY unabbrev
+.IP "una[bbrev] lhs"
+Delete an abbreviation.
+Delete
+.LI lhs
+from the current list of abbreviations.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Unchanged.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY undo
+.IP "u[ndo]"
+Undo the last change made to the file.
+Changes made by
+.CO global ,
+.CO v ,
+.CO visual
+and map sequences are considered a single command.
+If repeated, the
+.CO u
+command alternates between these two states, and is its own inverse.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Set to the last line modified by the command.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY unmap
+.IP "unm[ap][!] lhs"
+Unmap a mapped string.
+Delete the command mode map definition for
+.LI lhs .
+If a
+.QT !
+character is appended to the command name, delete the text input mode
+map definition instead.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Unchanged.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY version
+.IP "ve[rsion]"
+Display the version of the
+.CO ex/vi
+editor.
+.KY visual
+.IP "[line] vi[sual] [type] [count] [flags]"
+.CO Ex
+mode only.
+Enter
+.CO vi .
+The
+.LI type
+is optional, and can be
+.QT \- ,
+.QT +
+or
+.QT ^ ,
+as in the
+.CO ex
+.CO z
+command, to specify the the position of the specified line in the screen
+window.
+(The default is to place the line at the top of the screen window.)
+A
+.LI count
+specifies the number of lines that will initially be displayed.
+(The default is the value of the
+.OP window
+editor option.)
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Unchanged unless
+.LI line
+is specified, in which case it is set to that line.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY visual
+.IP "vi[sual][!] [+cmd] [file]"
+.CO Vi
+mode only.
+Edit a new file.
+Identical to the
+.QT "edit[!] [+cmd] [file]"
+command.
+.KY viusage
+.IP "viu[sage] [command]"
+Display usage for a
+.CO vi
+command.
+If
+.LI command
+is specified, a usage statement for that command is displayed.
+Otherwise, usage statements for all
+.CO vi
+commands are displayed.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Unchanged.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY write
+.IP "[range] w[rite][!] [>>] [file]"
+.Ip "[range] w[rite] [!] [file]"
+.KY wn
+.Ip "[range] wn[!] [>>] [file]"
+.KY wq
+.Ip "[range] wq[!] [>>] [file]"
+Write the file.
+The specified lines (the entire file, if no range is given) is written
+to
+.LI file .
+If
+.LI file
+is not specified, the current pathname is used.
+If
+.LI file
+is specified, and it exists, or if the current pathname was set using the
+.CO file
+command, and the file already exists, these commands will fail.
+Appending a
+.QT !
+character to the command name will override this check and the write
+will be attempted, regardless.
+.sp
+Specifying the optional
+.QT >>
+string will cause the write to be appended to the file, in which case
+no tests are made for the file already existing.
+.sp
+If the file is preceded by a
+.QT !
+character, the program named in the SHELL environment variable is
+invoked with file as its second argument, and the specified lines
+are passed as standard input to that command.
+The
+.QT !
+in this usage must be separated from command name by at least one
+whitespace character.
+The special meaning of the
+.QT !
+may be overridden by escaping it with a backslash
+.PQ \e
+character.
+.sp
+The
+.CO wq
+version of the write command will exit the editor after writing the file,
+if there are no further files to edit.
+Appending a
+.QT !
+character to the command name or entering two
+.QQ quit
+commands (i.e.
+.CO wq ,
+.CO quit ,
+.CO xit
+or
+.CO ZZ )
+in a row) will override this check and the editor will exit,
+ignoring any files that have not yet been edited.
+.sp
+The
+.CO wn
+version of the write command will move to the next file after writing
+the file, unless the write fails.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Unchanged.
+.SP Options:
+Affected by the
+.OP readonly
+and
+.OP writeany
+options.
+.SE
+.KY xit
+.IP "[range] x[it][!] [file]"
+Write the file if it has been modified.
+The specified lines are written to
+.LI file ,
+if the file has been modified since the last complete write to any
+file.
+If no
+.LI range
+is specified, the entire file is written.
+.sp
+The
+.CO xit
+command will exit the editor after writing the file,
+if there are no further files to edit.
+Appending a
+.QT !
+character to the command name or entering two
+.QQ quit
+commands (i.e.
+.CO wq ,
+.CO quit ,
+.CO xit
+or
+.CO ZZ )
+in a row) will override this check and the editor will exit,
+ignoring any files that have not yet been edited.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Unchanged.
+.SP Options:
+Affected by the
+.OP readonly
+and
+.OP writeany
+options.
+.SE
+.KY yank
+.IP "[range] ya[nk] [buffer] [count]"
+Copy the specified lines to a buffer.
+If no buffer is specified, the unnamed buffer is used.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Unchanged.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY z
+.IP "[line] z [type] [count] [flags]"
+Adjust the window.
+If no
+.LI type
+is specified, then
+.LI count
+lines following the specified line are displayed.
+The default
+.LI count
+is the value of the
+.OP window
+option.
+The
+.LI type
+argument changes the position at which
+.LI line
+is displayed on the screen by changing the number of lines
+displayed before and after
+.LI line .
+The following
+.LI type
+characters may be used:
+.SS
+.SP \-
+Place the line at the bottom of the screen.
+.SP +
+Place the line at the top of the screen.
+.SP \&.
+Place the line in the middle of the screen.
+.SP ^
+Write out count lines starting
+.LI "count * 2"
+lines before
+.LI line ;
+the net effect of this is that a
+.QT z^
+command following a
+.CO z
+command writes the previous page.
+.SP =
+Center
+.LI line
+on the screen with a line of hyphens displayed immediately before and
+after it.
+The number of preceding and following lines of text displayed are
+reduced to account for those lines.
+.SE
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Set to the last line displayed, with the exception of the
+.Dq Li \&=
+.LI type ,
+where the current line is set to the line specified by the command.
+.SP Options:
+Affected by the
+.Sy window
+option.
+.SE
diff --git a/usr.bin/vi/USD.doc/vi.ref/merge.awk b/usr.bin/vi/USD.doc/vi.ref/merge.awk
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..16b51520a77
--- /dev/null
+++ b/usr.bin/vi/USD.doc/vi.ref/merge.awk
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+#	@(#)merge.awk	8.3 (Berkeley) 5/26/94
+#
+# merge index entries into one line per label
+$1 == prev {
+	printf ", %s", $2;
+	next;
+}
+{
+	if (NR != 1)
+		printf "\n";
+	printf "%s \t%s", $1, $2;
+	prev = $1;
+}
+END {
+	printf "\n"
+}
diff --git a/usr.bin/vi/USD.doc/vi.ref/set.opt.roff b/usr.bin/vi/USD.doc/vi.ref/set.opt.roff
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d59599d1426
--- /dev/null
+++ b/usr.bin/vi/USD.doc/vi.ref/set.opt.roff
@@ -0,0 +1,949 @@
+.\" Copyright (c) 1994
+.\"     The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
+.\"
+.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+.\" are met:
+.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+.\"    must display the following acknowledgement:
+.\"	This product includes software developed by the University of
+.\"	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+.\"    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+.\"    without specific prior written permission.
+.\"
+.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
+.\"
+.\"     @(#)set.opt.roff	8.26 (Berkeley) 8/11/94
+.\"
+.SH 1 "Set Options"
+.pp
+There are a large number of options that may be set (or unset) to
+change the editor's behavior.
+This section describes the options, their abbreviations and their
+default values.
+.pp
+In each entry below, the first part of the tag line is the full name
+of the option, followed by any equivalent abbreviations.
+(Regardless of the abbreviations, it is only necessary to use the
+minimum number of characters necessary to distinguish an abbreviation
+from all other commands for it to be accepted, in
+.EV nex nvi .
+Historically, only the full name and the official abbreviations
+were accepted by
+.EV ex vi .
+Using full names in your startup files and environmental variables will
+probably make them more portable.)
+The part in square brackets is the default value of the option.
+Most of the options are boolean, i.e. they are either on or off,
+and do not have an associated value.
+.pp
+Options apply to both
+.CO ex
+and
+.CO vi
+modes, unless otherwise specified.
+.pp
+For information on modifying the options or to display the options and
+their current values, see the
+.QQ set
+command in the section entitled
+.QB "Ex Commands" .
+.KY altwerase
+.IP "altwerase [off]"
+.CO Vi
+only.
+Change how
+.CO vi
+does word erase during text input.
+When this option is set, text is broken up into three classes:
+alphabetic, numeric and underscore characters, other nonblank
+characters, and blank characters.
+Changing from one class to another marks the end of a word.
+In addition, the class of the first character erased is ignored
+(which is exactly what you want when erasing pathname components).
+.KY autoindent
+.IP "autoindent, ai [off]"
+If this option is set, whenever you create a new line (using the
+.CO vi
+.CO A ,
+.CO a ,
+.CO C ,
+.CO c ,
+.CO I ,
+.CO i ,
+.CO O ,
+.CO o ,
+.CO R ,
+.CO r ,
+.CO S ,
+and
+.CO s
+commands, or the
+.CO ex
+.CO append ,
+.CO change ,
+and
+.CO insert
+commands) the new line is automatically indented to align the cursor with
+the first nonblank character of the line from which you created it.
+Lines are indented using tab characters to the extent possible (based on
+the value of the
+.OP tabstop
+option) and then using space characters as necessary.
+For commands inserting text into the middle of a line, any blank characters
+to the right of the cursor are discarded, and the first nonblank character
+to the right of the cursor is aligned as described above.
+.sp
+The indent characters are themselves somewhat special.
+If you do not enter more characters on the new line before moving to
+another line, or entering
+.LI <escape> ,
+the indent character will be deleted and the line will be empty.
+For example, if you enter
+.LI <carriage-return>
+twice in succession,
+the line created by the first
+.LI <carriage-return>
+will not have any characters in it,
+regardless of the indentation of the previous or subsequent line.
+.sp
+Indent characters also require that you enter additional erase characters
+to delete them.
+For example,
+if you have an indented line, containing only blanks, the first
+.LI <word-erase>
+character you enter will erase up to end of the indent characters,
+and the second will erase back to the beginning of the line.
+(Historically, only the
+.CO <control-D>
+key would erase the indent characters.
+Both the
+.CO <control-D>
+key and the usual erase keys work in
+.CO nvi .)
+In addition, if the cursor is positioned at the end of the indent
+characters, the keys
+.QT 0<control-D>
+will erase all of the indent characters for the current line,
+resetting the indentation level to 0.
+Similarly, the keys
+.QT ^<control-D>
+will erase all of the indent characters for the current line,
+leaving the indentation level for future created lines unaffected.
+.sp
+Finally, if the
+.OP autoindent
+option is set, the
+.CO S
+and
+.CO cc
+commands change from the first nonblank of the line to the end of the
+line, instead of from the beginning of the line to the end of the line.
+.KY autoprint
+.IP "autoprint, ap [off]"
+.CO Ex
+only.
+Cause the current line to be automatically displayed after the
+.CO ex
+commands
+.CO < ,
+.CO > ,
+.CO copy ,
+.CO delete ,
+.CO join ,
+.CO move ,
+.CO put ,
+.CO t ,
+.CO Undo ,
+and
+.CO undo .
+This automatic display is suppressed during
+.CO global
+and
+.CO vglobal
+commands, and for any command where optional flags are used to explicitly
+display the line.
+.KY autowrite
+.IP "autowrite, aw [off]"
+If this option is set, the
+.CO vi
+.CO ! ,
+.CO ^^ ,
+.CO ^]
+and
+.CO <control-Z>
+commands, and the
+.CO ex
+.CO edit ,
+.CO next ,
+.CO rewind ,
+.CO stop ,
+.CO suspend ,
+.CO tag ,
+.CO tagpop ,
+and
+.CO tagtop
+commands automatically write the current file back to the current file name
+if it has been modified since it was last written.
+If the write fails, the command fails and goes no further.
+.sp
+Appending the optional force flag character
+.QT !
+to the
+.CO ex
+commands
+.CO next ,
+.CO rewind ,
+.CO stop ,
+.CO suspend ,
+.CO tag ,
+.CO tagpop ,
+and
+.CO tagtop
+stops the automatic write from being attempted.
+.sp
+(Historically, the
+.CO next
+command ignored the optional force flag.)
+Note, the
+.CO ex
+commands
+.CO edit ,
+.CO quit ,
+.CO shell ,
+and
+.CO xit
+are
+.i not
+affected by the
+.OP autowrite
+option.
+.KY beautify
+.IP "beautify, bf [off]"
+If this option is set, all control characters that are not currently being
+specially interpreted, other than
+.LI <tab> ,
+.LI <newline> ,
+and
+.LI <form-feed> ,
+are
+discarded from commands read in by
+.CO ex
+from command files, and from input text entered to
+.CO vi
+(either into the file or to the colon command line).
+Text files read by
+.EV ex vi
+are
+.i not
+affected by the
+.OP beautify
+option.
+.KY cdpath
+.IP "cdpath [environment variable CDPATH, or current directory]"
+This option is used to specify a colon separated list of directories
+which are used as path prefixes for any relative path names used as
+arguments for the
+.CO cd
+command.
+The value of this option defaults to the value of the environmental
+variable
+.LI CDPATH
+if it is set, otherwise to the current directory.
+For compatibility with the POSIX 1003.2 shell, the
+.CO cd
+command does
+.i not
+check the current directory as a path prefix for relative path names
+unless it is explicitly specified.
+It may be so specified by entering an empty string or a
+.QT \&.
+character into the
+.LI CDPATH
+variable or the option value.
+.KY columns
+.IP "columns, co [80]"
+The number of columns in the screen.
+Setting this option causes
+.EV ex vi
+to set (or reset) the environmental variable
+.LI COLUMNS .
+See the section entitled
+.QB "Sizing the Screen"
+more information.
+.KY comment
+.IP "comment [off]"
+.CO Vi
+only.
+If the first non-empty line of the file begins with the string
+.QT /\&* ,
+this option causes
+.CO vi
+to skip to the end of that C-language comment (probably a terribly boring
+legal notice) before displaying the file.
+.KY directory
+.IP "directory, dir [environment variable TMPDIR, or /tmp]"
+The directory where temporary files are created.
+The environmental variable
+.LI TMPDIR
+is used as the default value if it exists, otherwise
+.LI /tmp
+is used.
+.KY edcompatible
+.IP "edcompatible, ed [off]"
+Remember the values of the
+.QQ c
+and
+.QQ g
+suffices to the
+.CO substitute
+commands, instead of initializing them as unset for each new
+command.
+Specifying pattern and replacement strings to the
+.CO substitute
+command unsets the
+.QQ c
+and
+.QQ g
+suffices as well.
+.KY errorbells
+.IP "errorbells, eb [off]"
+.CO Ex
+only.
+.CO Ex
+error messages are normally presented in inverse video.
+If that is not possible for the terminal, setting this option causes
+error messages to be announced by ringing the terminal bell.
+.KY exrc
+.IP "exrc, ex [off]"
+If this option is turned off in the system or $HOME startup files,
+the local startup files are never read (unless they are the same
+as the system or $HOME startup files).
+Turning it on has no effect, i.e. the normal checks for local startup
+files are performed, regardless.
+See the section entitled
+.QB "Startup Information"
+for more information.
+.KY extended
+.IP "extended [off]"
+This option causes all regular expressions to be treated as POSIX
+1003.2 Extended Regular Expressions (which are similar to historic
+.XR egrep 1
+style expressions).
+.KY flash
+.IP "flash [on]"
+This option causes the screen to flash instead of beeping the keyboard,
+on error, if the terminal has the capability.
+.KY hardtabs
+.IP "hardtabs, ht [8]"
+This option defines the spacing between hardware tab settings, i.e.
+the tab expansion done by the operating system and/or the terminal
+itself.
+As
+.EV nex nvi
+never writes
+.LI <tab>
+characters to the terminal, unlike historic versions of
+.EV ex vi ,
+this option does not currently have any affect.
+.KY ignorecase
+.IP "ignorecase, ic [off]"
+This option causes regular expressions, both in
+.CO ex
+commands and in searches,
+to be evaluated in a case-insensitive manner.
+.KY keytime
+.IP "keytime [6]"
+The 10th's of a second
+.EV ex vi
+waits for a subsequent key to complete a key mapping.
+.KY leftright
+.IP "leftright [off]"
+.CO Vi
+only.
+This option causes the screen to be scrolled left-right to view
+lines longer than the screen, instead of the traditional
+.CO vi
+screen interface which folds long lines at the right-hand margin
+of the terminal.
+.KY lines
+.IP "lines, li [24]"
+.CO Vi
+only.
+The number of lines in the screen.
+Setting this option causes
+.EV ex vi
+to set (or reset) the environmental variable
+.LI LINES .
+See the section entitled
+.QB "Sizing the Screen"
+for more information.
+.KY lisp
+.IP "lisp [off]"
+.CO Vi
+only.
+This option changes the behavior of the
+.CO vi
+.CO ( ,
+.CO ) ,
+.CO { ,
+.CO } ,
+.CO [[
+and
+.CO ]]
+commands to match the Lisp language.
+Also, the
+.OP autoindent
+option's behavior is changed to be appropriate for Lisp.
+.sp
+.i "This option is not yet implemented."
+.KY list
+.IP "list [off]"
+This option causes lines to be displayed in an unambiguous fashion.
+Specifically, tabs are displayed as control characters, i.e.
+.QT ^I ,
+and the ends of lines are marked with a
+.QT $
+character.
+.KY magic
+.IP "magic [on]"
+This option is on by default.
+Turning the
+.OP magic
+option off causes all regular expression characters except for
+.QT ^
+and
+.QT $ ,
+to be treated as ordinary characters.
+To re-enable characters individually, when the
+.OP magic
+option is off,
+precede them with a backslash
+.QT \e
+character.
+See the section entitled
+.QB "Regular Expressions and Replacement Strings"
+for more information.
+.KY matchtime
+.IP "matchtime [7]"
+.CO Vi
+only.
+The 10th's of a second
+.EV ex vi
+pauses on the matching character when the
+.OP showmatch
+option is set.
+.KY mesg
+.IP "mesg [on]"
+This option allows other users to contact you using the
+.XR talk 1
+and
+.XR write 1
+utilities, while you are editing.
+.EV Ex vi
+does not turn message on, i.e. if messages were turned off when the
+editor was invoked, they will stay turned off.
+This option only permits you to disallow messages for the edit session.
+See the
+.XR mesg 1
+utility for more information.
+.KY modelines
+.IP "modelines, modeline [off]"
+If the
+.OP modelines
+option is set,
+.EV ex vi
+has historically scanned the first and last five lines of each file as
+it is read for editing, looking for any
+.CO ex
+commands that have been placed in those lines.
+After the startup information has been processed, and before the user
+starts editing the file, any commands embedded in the file are executed.
+.sp
+Commands were recognized by the letters
+.QQ e
+or
+.QQ v
+followed by
+.QQ x
+or
+.QQ i ,
+at the beginning of a line or following a tab or space character,
+and followed by a
+.QQ : ,
+an
+.CO ex
+command, and another
+.QQ : .
+.sp
+This option is a security problem of immense proportions,
+and should not be used under any circumstances.
+.sp
+.i "This option will never be implemented."
+.KY number
+.IP "number, nu [off]"
+Precede each line displayed with its current line number.
+.KY octal
+.IP "octal [off]"
+Display unknown characters as octal numbers, instead of the default
+hexadecimal.
+.KY open
+.IP "open [on]"
+.CO Ex
+only.
+If this option is not set, the
+.CO open
+and
+.CO visual
+commands are disallowed.
+.KY optimize
+.IP "optimize, opt [on]"
+.CO Vi
+only.
+Throughput of text is expedited by setting the terminal not to do automatic
+carriage returns when printing more than one (logical) line of output,
+greatly speeding output on terminals without addressable cursors when text
+with leading white space is printed.
+.sp
+.i "This option is not yet implemented."
+.KY paragraphs
+.IP "paragraphs, para [IPLPPPQPP LIpplpipbp]"
+.CO Vi
+only.
+Define additional paragraph boundaries for the
+.CO {
+and
+.CO }
+commands.
+The value of this option must be a character string consisting
+of zero or more character pairs.
+.sp
+In the text to be edited, the character string
+.LI "<newline>.<char-pair>" ,
+(where
+.LI <char-pair>
+is one of the character pairs in the option's value)
+defines a paragraph boundary.
+For example, if the option were set to
+.LI "LaA<space>##" ,
+then all of the following additional paragraph boundaries would be
+recognized:
+.sp
+.(l
+<newline>.La
+<newline>.A<space>
+<newline>.##
+.)l
+.KY prompt
+.IP "prompt [on]"
+.CO Ex
+only.
+This option causes
+.CO ex
+to prompt for command input with a
+.QT :
+character; when it is not set, no prompt is displayed.
+.KY readonly
+.IP "readonly, ro [off]"
+This option causes a force flag to be required to attempt to write
+the file back to the original file name.
+Setting this option is equivalent to using the
+.b \-R
+command line option, or editing a file which lacks write permission.
+.KY recdir
+.IP "recdir [/var/tmp/vi.recover]"
+The directory where recovery files are stored.
+.sp
+If you change the value of
+.CO recdir ,
+be careful to choose a directory whose contents are not regularly
+deleted.
+Bad choices include directories in memory based filesystems,
+or
+.LI /tmp ,
+on most systems,
+as their contents are removed when the machine is rebooted.
+.sp
+Public directories like
+.LI /usr/tmp
+and
+.LI /var/tmp
+are usually safe, although some sites periodically prune old files
+from them.
+There is no requirement that you use a public directory,
+e.g. a sub-directory of your home directory will work fine.
+.sp
+Finally, if you change the value of
+.CO recdir ,
+you must modify the recovery script to operate in your chosen recovery
+area.
+.sp
+See the section entitled
+.QB "Recovery"
+for further information.
+.KY redraw
+.IP "redraw, re [off]"
+.CO Vi
+only.
+The editor simulates (using great amounts of output), an intelligent
+terminal on a dumb terminal (e.g. during insertions in
+.CO vi
+the characters to the right of the cursor are refreshed as each input
+character is typed).
+.sp
+.i "This option is not yet implemented."
+.KY remap
+.IP "remap [on]"
+If this option is set,
+it is possible to define macros in terms of other macros.
+Otherwise, each key is only remapped up to one time.
+For example, if
+.QT A
+is mapped to
+.QT B ,
+and
+.QT B
+is mapped to
+.QT C ,
+The keystroke
+.QT A
+will be mapped to
+.QT C
+if the
+.OP remap
+option is set, and to
+.QT B
+if it is not set.
+.KY report
+.IP "report [5]"
+Set the threshold of the number of lines that need to be changed or
+yanked before a message will be displayed to the user.
+For everything but the yank command, the value is the largest value
+about which the editor is silent, i.e. by default, 6 lines must be
+deleted before the user is notified.
+However, if the number of lines yanked is greater than
+.i "or equal to"
+the set value, it is reported to the user.
+.KY ruler
+.IP "ruler [off]"
+.CO Vi
+only.
+Display a row/column ruler on the colon command line.
+.KY scroll
+.IP "scroll, scr [window / 2]"
+Set the number of lines scrolled by the
+.CO vi
+.CO <control-D>
+and
+.CO <control-U>
+commands.
+.sp
+Historically, the
+.CO ex
+.CO z
+command, when specified without a count, used two times the size of the
+scroll value; the POSIX 1003.2 standard specified the window size, which
+is a better choice.
+.KY sections
+.IP "sections, sect [NHSHH HUnhsh]"
+.CO Vi
+only.
+Define additional section boundaries for the
+.CO [[
+and
+.CO ]]
+commands.
+The
+.OP sections
+option should be set to a character string consisting of zero or
+more character pairs.
+In the text to be edited, the character string
+.LI "<newline>.<char-pair>" ,
+(where
+.LI <char-pair>
+is one of the character pairs in the option's value),
+defines a section boundary in the same manner that
+.OP paragraph
+option boundaries are defined.
+.KY shell
+.IP "shell, sh [environment variable SHELL, or /bin/sh]"
+Select the shell used by the editor.
+The specified path is the pathname of the shell invoked by the
+.CO vi
+.CO !
+shell escape command and by the
+.CO ex
+.CO shell
+command.
+This program is also used to resolve any shell meta-characters in
+.CO ex
+commands.
+.KY shiftwidth
+.IP "shiftwidth, sw [8]"
+Set the autoindent and shift command indentation width.
+This width is used by the
+.OP autoindent
+option and by the
+.CO < ,
+.CO > ,
+and
+.CO shift
+commands.
+.KY showdirty
+.IP "showdirty [off]"
+.CO Vi
+only.
+Display an asterisk on the colon command line if the file has been modified.
+.KY showmatch
+.IP "showmatch, sm [off]"
+.CO Vi
+only.
+This option causes
+.CO vi ,
+when a
+.QT }
+or
+.QT )
+is entered, to briefly move the cursor the matching
+.QT {
+or
+.QT ( .
+See the
+.OP matchtime
+option for more information.
+.KY showmode
+.IP "showmode [off]"
+.CO Vi
+only.
+This option causes
+.CO vi
+to display a string identifying the current editor mode on the
+colon command line.
+.KY sidescroll
+.IP "sidescroll [16]"
+.CO Vi
+only.
+Sets the number of columns that are shifted to the left or right,
+when
+.CO vi
+is doing left-right scrolling and the left or right margin is
+crossed.
+See the
+.OP leftright
+option for more information.
+.KY slowopen
+.IP "slowopen, slow [off]"
+This option affects the display algorithm used by
+.CO vi ,
+holding off display updating during input of new text to improve
+throughput when the terminal in use is slow and unintelligent.
+.sp
+.i "This option is not yet implemented."
+.KY sourceany
+.IP "sourceany [off]"
+If this option is turned on,
+.CO vi
+historically read startup files that were owned by someone other than
+the editor user.
+See the section entitled
+.QB "Startup Information"
+for more information.
+This option is a security problem of immense proportions,
+and should not be used under any circumstances.
+.sp
+.i "This option will never be implemented."
+.KY tabstop
+.IP "tabstop, ts [8]"
+This option sets tab widths for the editor display.
+.KY taglength
+.IP "taglength, tl [0]"
+This option sets the maximum number of characters that are considered
+significant in a tag name.
+Setting the value to 0 makes all of the characters in the tag name
+significant.
+.KY tags
+.IP "tags, tag [tags /var/db/libc.tags /sys/kern/tags]"
+Sets the list of tags files, in search order,
+which are used when the editor searches for a tag.
+.KY term
+.IP "term, ttytype, tty [environment variable TERM]"
+Set the terminal type.
+Setting this option causes
+.EV ex vi
+to set (or reset) the environmental variable
+.LI TERM .
+.KY terse
+.IP "terse [off]"
+This option has historically made editor messages less verbose.
+It has no effect in this implementation.
+See the
+.OP verbose
+option for more information.
+.KY tildeop
+.IP "tildeop"
+Modify the
+.CO ~
+command to take an associated motion.
+.KY timeout
+.IP "timeout, to [on]"
+If this option is set,
+.EV ex vi
+waits for a specific period for a subsequent key to complete a key
+mapping (see the
+.OP keytime
+option).
+If the option is not set, the editor waits until enough keys are
+entered to resolve the ambiguity, regardless of how long it takes.
+.KY ttywerase
+.IP "ttywerase [off]"
+.CO Vi
+only.
+This option changes how
+.CO vi
+does word erase during text input.
+If this option is set, text is broken up into two classes,
+blank characters and nonblank characters.
+Changing from one class to another marks the end of a word.
+.KY verbose
+.IP "verbose [off]"
+.CO Vi
+only.
+.CO Vi
+historically bells the terminal for many obvious mistakes, e.g. trying
+to move past the left-hand margin, or past the end of the file.
+If this option is set, an error message is displayed for all errors.
+.KY w300
+.IP "w300 [no default]"
+.CO Vi
+only.
+Set the window size if the baud rate is less than 1200 baud.
+See the
+.OP window
+option for more information.
+.KY w1200
+.IP "w1200 [no default]"
+.CO Vi
+only.
+Set the window size if the baud rate is equal to 1200 baud.
+See the
+.OP window
+option for more information.
+.KY w9600
+.IP "w9600 [no default]"
+.CO Vi
+only.
+Set the window size if the baud rate is greater than 1200 baud.
+See the
+.OP window
+option for more information.
+.KY warn
+.IP "warn [on]"
+.CO Ex
+only.
+This option causes a warning message to the terminal if the file has
+been modified, since it was last written, before a
+.CO !
+command.
+.KY window
+.IP "window, w, wi [environment variable LINES]"
+This option determines the default number of lines in a screenful,
+as written by the
+.CO z
+command.
+It also determines the number of lines scrolled by the
+.CO vi
+commands
+.CO <control-F>
+and
+.CO <control-B> .
+The value of window can be unrelated to the real screen size,
+although it starts out as the number of lines on the screen (see
+the section entitled
+.QB "Sizing the Screen"
+for more information).
+Setting the value of the
+.OP window
+option is the same as using the
+.b \-w
+command line option.
+.sp
+If the value of the
+.OP window
+option (as set by the
+.OP window ,
+.OP w300 ,
+.OP w1200
+or
+.OP w9600
+options) is smaller than the actual size of the screen, large screen
+movements will result in displaying only that smaller number of lines
+on the screen.
+(Further movements in that same area will result in the screen being
+filled.)
+This can provide a performance improvement when viewing different
+places in one or more files over a slow link.
+.KY wrapmargin
+.IP "wrapmargin, wm [0]"
+.CO Vi
+only.
+If the value of the
+.OP wrapmargin
+option is non-zero,
+.CO vi
+will split lines so that they end at least that number of characters
+before the right-hand margin of the screen.
+(Note, the value of
+.OP wrapmargin
+is
+.i not
+a text length.
+In a screen that is 80 columns wide, the command
+.QT ":set wrapmargin=8"
+attempts to keep the lines less than or equal to 72 columns wide.)
+.sp
+Lines are split at the previous whitespace character closest to the
+number.
+Any trailing whitespace characters before that character are deleted.
+If the line is split because of an inserted
+.LI <space>
+or
+.LI <tab>
+character, and you then enter another
+.LI <space>
+character, it is discarded.
+.sp
+If wrapmargin is set to 0,
+or if there is no blank character upon which to split the line,
+the line is not broken.
+.KY wrapscan
+.IP "wrapscan, ws [on]"
+This option causes searches to wrap around the end or the beginning
+of the file, and back to the starting point.
+Otherwise, the end or beginning of the file terminates the search.
+.KY writeany
+.IP "writeany, wa [off]"
+If this option is set, file-overwriting checks that would usually be
+made before the
+.CO write
+and
+.CO xit
+commands, or before an automatic write (see the
+.OP autowrite
+option), are not made.
+This allows a write to any file, provided the file permissions allow it.
diff --git a/usr.bin/vi/USD.doc/vi.ref/spell.ok b/usr.bin/vi/USD.doc/vi.ref/spell.ok
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..60084e31bcf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/usr.bin/vi/USD.doc/vi.ref/spell.ok
@@ -0,0 +1,270 @@
+Amir
+Autoprint
+BRE's
+Bostic
+Bourne
+DOUBLEQUOTE
+Dq
+Ds
+ERE's
+EXINIT
+Englar
+Ev
+FF
+Fa
+Fl
+HUnhsh
+IPLPPPQPP
+Kirkendall
+Korn
+LIpplpipbp
+LaA
+Li
+Lowercase
+MINUSSIGN
+Makefiles
+NEX
+NEXINIT
+NHSHH
+NVI
+Nex
+Nvi
+OS
+POSIX
+PostScript
+RE's
+README
+RECDIR
+Reference''USD:13
+SIGHUP
+SIGWINCH
+SQUOTE
+Se
+Std
+Std1003.2
+Sy
+TANDARDS
+TIOCGWINSZ
+TMPDIR
+Todo
+USD.doc
+USD:13
+UUNET
+Vx
+Whitespace
+XOFF
+XON
+XOptions
+XXCOLUMNS
+XXXX
+XXXXXX
+XXb
+ZZ
+ab
+abbrev
+ags
+ai
+al
+altwerase
+arg
+args
+autoindent
+autoprint
+autowrite
+aw
+bbrev
+bf
+bigword
+bigwords
+bostic
+brev
+bugs.current
+c2w
+carat
+cdy
+changelog
+chd
+cmd
+count1
+count2
+creens
+cs.berkeley.edu
+db
+dbopen
+def
+di
+dir
+dit
+docs
+eFlRsv
+eFlRv
+ead
+eb
+edcompatible
+elete
+elvis
+email
+enum
+eof
+errorbells
+esc
+ex.cmd.roff
+exrc
+ext
+exu
+exusage
+fi
+filesystem
+filesystems
+ftp.cs.berkeley.edu
+ftp.uu.net
+gdb
+gdb.script
+gs
+gzip'd
+halfbyte
+hange
+hangup
+hardtabs
+ht
+ic
+ifdef
+ignorecase
+ile
+ind
+ious
+ir
+ist
+ize
+keystroke
+keystrokes
+keytime
+leftright
+lhs
+li
+lib
+libc.tags
+lobal
+lowercase
+lp
+matchtime
+mber
+meta
+mk
+mkexrc
+modeful
+modeline
+modelines
+ndo
+nex
+nexrc
+nk
+nomagic
+nooption
+nsert
+nul
+nvi
+nvi.tar.Z
+nvi.tar.z
+nz
+oin
+op
+ove
+para
+pathname
+pathnames
+ppend
+pu
+py
+rc.local
+readonly
+rec
+recdir
+recfile
+recover.XXXX
+recover.XXXXXX
+recover.c
+recover.script
+remapmax
+res
+rew
+rhs
+ript
+rk
+ro
+roff
+rsion
+sc
+scr
+screeen
+se
+set.opt.roff
+shiftwidth
+showmatch
+showmode
+sidescroll
+slowopen
+sm
+sourceany
+sp
+spell.ok
+st
+sual
+svi
+sw
+ta
+tabstop
+taglength
+tagp
+tagpop
+tagstring
+tagt
+tagtop
+terminfo
+th
+tildeop
+tl
+tmp
+ts
+ttytype
+ttywerase
+uR
+ubstitute
+ucb
+uffers
+uit
+una
+unabbrev
+unm
+uppercase
+urce
+uunet
+var
+ve
+vglobal
+vi.0.ps
+vi.0.txt
+vi.1
+vi.XXXX
+vi.XXXXXX
+vi.cmd.roff
+vi.exrc
+vi.recover
+vibackup
+virecovery
+viu
+viusage
+wa
+whitespace
+wi
+wm
+wn
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+wrapmargin
+wrapscan
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+xaw
+xit
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+yy
diff --git a/usr.bin/vi/USD.doc/vi.ref/vi.cmd.roff b/usr.bin/vi/USD.doc/vi.ref/vi.cmd.roff
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..57c0d372af6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/usr.bin/vi/USD.doc/vi.ref/vi.cmd.roff
@@ -0,0 +1,2984 @@
+.\" Copyright (c) 1994
+.\"	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
+.\"
+.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+.\" are met:
+.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+.\"    must display the following acknowledgement:
+.\"	This product includes software developed by the University of
+.\"	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+.\"    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+.\"    without specific prior written permission.
+.\"
+.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
+.\"
+.\"	@(#)vi.cmd.roff	8.28 (Berkeley) 7/17/94
+.\"
+.SH 1 "Vi Description"
+.pp
+.CO Vi
+takes up the entire screen to display the edited file,
+except for the bottom line of the screen.
+The bottom line of the screen is used to enter
+.CO ex
+commands, and for
+.CO vi
+error and informational messages.
+If no other information is being displayed,
+the default display can show the current cursor row and cursor column,
+an indication of whether the file has been modified,
+and the current mode of the editor.
+See the
+.OP ruler ,
+.OP showdirty
+and
+.OP showmode
+options for more information.
+.pp
+Empty lines do not have any special representation on the screen,
+but lines on the screen that would logically come after the end of
+the file are displayed as a single tilde
+.PQ ~
+character.
+To differentiate between empty lines and lines consisting of only
+whitespace characters, use the
+.OP list
+option.
+Historically, implementations of
+.CO vi
+have also displayed some lines as single asterisk
+.PQ @
+characters.
+These were lines that were not correctly displayed, i.e. lines on the
+screen that did not correspond to lines in the file, or lines that did
+not fit on the current screen.
+.CO Nvi
+never displays lines in this fashion.
+.pp
+.CO Vi
+is a modeful editor, i.e. it has two modes,
+.QQ command
+mode and
+.QQ "text input"
+mode.
+When
+.CO vi
+first starts, it is in command mode.
+There are several commands that change
+.CO vi
+into text input mode.
+The
+.LI <escape>
+character is used to resolve the text input into the file,
+and exit back into command mode.
+In
+.CO vi
+command mode, the cursor is always positioned on the last column of
+characters which take up more than one column on the screen.
+In
+.CO vi
+text insert mode, the cursor is positioned on the first column of
+characters which take up more than one column on the screen.
+.pp
+Generally, if the cursor line and cursor column are not on the screen,
+then the screen is scrolled (if the target cursor is close) or repainted
+(if the target cursor is far away) so that the cursor is on the screen.
+If the screen is scrolled, it is moved a minimal amount, and the cursor
+line will usually appear at the top or bottom of the screen.
+In the screen is repainted, the cursor line will appear in the center of
+the screen, unless the cursor is sufficiently close to the beginning or
+end of the file that this is not possible.
+If the
+.OP leftright
+option is set, the screen may be scrolled or repainted in a horizontal
+direction as well as in a vertical one.
+.pp
+A major difference between the historical
+.CO vi
+presentation and
+.CO nvi
+is in the scrolling and screen oriented position commands,
+.CO <control-B> ,
+.CO <control-D> ,
+.CO <control-E> ,
+.CO <control-F> ,
+.CO <control-U> ,
+.CO <control-Y> ,
+.CO H ,
+.CO L
+and
+.CO M .
+In historical implementations of
+.CO vi ,
+these commands acted on physical (as opposed to logical, or screen)
+lines.
+For lines that were sufficiently long in relation to the size of the
+screen, this meant that single line scroll commands might repaint the
+entire screen, scrolling or screen positioning command might not change
+the screen or move the cursor at all, and some lines simply could not
+be displayed, even though
+.CO vi
+would edit the file that contained them.
+In
+.CO nvi ,
+these commands act on logical, i.e. screen lines.
+You are unlikely to notice any difference unless you are editing files
+with lines significantly longer than a screen width.
+.pp
+.CO Vi
+keeps track of the currently
+.QQ "most attractive"
+cursor position.
+Each command description (for commands that can change the current
+cursor position),
+specifies if the cursor is set to a specific location in the line,
+or if it is moved to the
+.QQ "most attractive cursor position" .
+The latter means that the cursor is moved to the cursor position
+that is vertically as close as possible to the current cursor
+position.
+If the current line is shorter than the cursor position
+.CO vi
+would select, the cursor is positioned on the last character in the line.
+(If the line is empty, the cursor is positioned on the first column
+of the line.)
+If a command moves the cursor to the most attractive position,
+it does not alter the current cursor position, and a subsequent
+movement will again attempt to move the cursor to that position.
+Therefore, although a movement to a line shorter than the currently
+most attractive position will cause the cursor to move to the end of
+that line, a subsequent movement to a longer line will cause the
+cursor to move back to the most attractive position.
+.pp
+In addition, the
+.CO $
+command makes the end of each line the most attractive cursor position
+rather than a specific column.
+.pp
+Each
+.CO vi
+command described below notes where the cursor ends up after it is
+executed.
+This position is described in terms of characters on the line, i.e.
+.QQ "the previous character" ,
+or,
+.QQ "the last character in the line" .
+This is to avoid needing to continually refer to on what part of the
+character the cursor rests.
+.pp
+The following words have special meaning for
+.CO vi
+commands.
+.KY "previous context"
+.IP "previous context"
+The position of the cursor before the command which caused the
+last absolute movement was executed.
+Each 
+.CO vi
+command described in the next section that is considered an
+absolute movement is so noted.
+In addition, specifying
+.i any
+address to an
+.CO ex
+command is considered an absolute movement.
+.KY "motion"
+.IP "motion"
+A second
+.CO vi
+command can be used as an optional trailing argument to the
+.CO vi
+.CO \&! ,
+.CO \&< ,
+.CO \&> ,
+.CO \&c ,
+.CO \&d ,
+.CO \&y ,
+and (depending on the
+.OP tildeop
+option)
+.CO \&~
+commands.
+This command indicates the end of the region of text that's affected by
+the command.
+The motion command may be either the command character repeated (in
+which case it means the current line) or a cursor movement command.
+In the latter case, the region affected by the command is from the
+starting or stopping cursor position which comes first in the file,
+to immediately before the starting or stopping cursor position which
+comes later in the file.
+Commands that operate on lines instead of using beginning and ending
+cursor positions operate on all of the lines that are wholly or
+partially in the region.
+In addition, some other commands become line oriented depending on
+where in the text they are used.
+The command descriptions below note these special cases.
+.sp
+The following commands may all be used as motion components for
+.CO vi
+commands:
+.sp
+.ne 12v
+.ft C
+.TS
+r r r r.
+<control-A>	<control-H>	<control-J>	<control-M>
+<control-N>	<control-P>	<space>	$
+%	'<character>	(	)
++	,	-	/
+0	;	?	B
+E	F	G	H
+L	M	N	T
+W	[[	]]	^
+\&_	`<character>	b	e
+f	h	j	k
+l	n	t	w
+{	|	}
+.TE
+.ft R
+.sp
+The optional count prefix available for some of the
+.CO vi
+commands that take motion commands, or the count prefix available
+for the
+.CO vi
+commands that are used as motion components,
+may be included and is
+.i always
+considered part of the motion argument.
+For example, the commands
+.QT c2w
+and
+.QT 2cw
+are equivalent, and the region affected by the
+.CO c
+command is two words of text.
+In addition, if the optional count prefix is specified for both the
+.CO vi
+command and its motion component, the effect is multiplicative and
+is considered part of the motion argument.
+For example, the commands
+.QT 4cw
+and
+.QT 2c2w
+are equivalent, and the region affected by the
+.CO c
+command is four words of text.
+.KY "count"
+.IP "count"
+A positive number used as an optional argument to most commands,
+either to give a size or a position (for display or movement commands),
+or as a repeat count (for commands that modify text).
+The count argument is always optional and defaults to 1 unless otherwise
+noted in the command description.
+.sp
+When a
+.CO vi
+command synopsis shows both a
+.LI [buffer]
+and
+.LI [count] ,
+they may be presented in any order.
+.KY "bigword"
+.IP "bigword"
+A set of non-whitespace characters preceded and followed by whitespace
+characters or the beginning or end of the file or line.
+.sp
+Groups of empty lines (or lines containing only whitespace characters)
+are treated as a single bigword.
+.KY word
+.IP word
+Generally, in languages where it is applicable,
+.CO vi
+recognizes two kinds of words.
+First, a sequence of letters, digits and underscores, delimited at both
+ends by: characters other than letters, digits, or underscores; the
+beginning or end of a line; the beginning or end of the file.
+Second, a sequence of characters other than letters, digits, underscores,
+or whitespace characters, delimited at both ends by: a letter, digit,
+underscore, or whitespace character;
+the beginning or end of a line; the beginning or end of the file.
+.sp
+Groups of empty lines (or lines containing only whitespace characters)
+are treated as a single word.
+.KY "paragraph"
+.IP "paragraph"
+An area of text that begins with either the beginning of a file,
+an empty line, or a section boundary, and continues until either
+an empty line, section boundary, or the end of the file.
+.sp
+Groups of empty lines (or lines containing only whitespace characters)
+are treated as a single paragraph.
+.sp
+Additional paragraph boundaries can be defined using the
+.OP paragraph
+option.
+.KY "section"
+.IP "section"
+An area of text that starts with the beginning of the file or a line
+whose first character is an open brace
+.PQ {
+and continues until the next section or the end of the file.
+.sp
+Additional section boundaries can be defined using the
+.OP sections
+option.
+.KY "sentence"
+.IP "sentence"
+An area of text that begins with either the beginning of the file or the
+first nonblank character following the previous sentence, paragraph, or
+section boundary and continues until the end of the file or a or a period
+.PQ \&.
+exclamation point
+.PQ !
+or question mark
+.PQ ?
+character,
+followed by either an end-of-line or two whitespace characters.
+Any number of closing parentheses
+.PQ ) ,
+brackets
+.PQ ]
+or double-quote
+.PQ """"
+characters can appear between the period, exclamation point,
+or question mark and the whitespace characters or end-of-line.
+.sp
+Groups of empty lines (or lines containing only whitespace characters)
+are treated as a single sentence.
+.SH 1 "Vi Commands"
+.pp
+The following section describes the commands available in the command
+mode of the
+.CO vi
+editor.
+In each entry below, the tag line is a usage synopsis for the command
+character.
+In addition, the final line and column the cursor rests upon,
+and any options which affect the command are noted.
+.KY <control-A>
+.IP "[count] <control-A>"
+Search forward
+.LI count
+times for the current word.
+The current word begins at the first non-whitespace character on or
+after the current cursor position,
+and extends up to the next non-word character or the end of the line.
+The search is literal, i.e. no characters in the word have any special
+meaning in terms of Regular Expressions.
+It is an error if no matching pattern is found between the starting position
+and the end of the file.
+.sp
+The
+.CO <control-A>
+command is an absolute movement.
+The
+.CO <control-A>
+command may be used as the motion component of other
+.CO vi
+commands, in which case any text copied into a buffer is
+character oriented.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Set to the line where the word is found.
+.SP Column:
+Set to the first character of the word.
+.SP Options:
+Affected by the
+.OP extended ,
+.OP ignorecase
+and
+.OP wrapscan
+options.
+.SE
+.KY <control-B>
+.IP "[count] <control-B>"
+Page backward
+.LI count
+screens.
+Two lines of overlap are maintained by displaying the window
+starting at line
+.LI "(top_line - count * window_size) + 2" ,
+where
+.LI window_size
+is the value of the
+.OP window
+option.
+(In the case of split screens, this size is corrected to the
+current screen size.)
+This is an error if the movement is past the beginning of the file.
+.sp
+The
+.CO <control-B>
+command is an absolute movement.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Set to the last line of text displayed on the screen.
+.SP Column:
+Set to the first nonblank character of the line.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY <control-D>
+.IP "[count] <control-D>"
+Scroll forward
+.LI count
+lines.
+If
+.LI count
+is not specified, scroll forward the number of lines specified by the last
+.CO <control-D>
+or
+.CO <control-U>
+command.
+If this is the first
+.CO <control-D>
+or
+.CO <control-U>
+command,
+scroll forward half the number of lines in the screen.
+(In the case of split screens, the default scrolling distance is
+corrected to half the current screen size.)
+This is an error if the movement is past the end of the file.
+.sp
+The
+.CO <control-D>
+command is an absolute movement.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Set to the current line plus the number of lines scrolled.
+.SP Column:
+Set to the first nonblank character of the line.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY <control-E>
+.IP "[count] <control-E>"
+Scroll forward
+.LI count
+lines, leaving the cursor on the current line and column, if possible.
+This is an error if the movement is past the end of the file.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Unchanged unless the current line scrolls off the screen,
+in which case it is set to the first line on the screen.
+.SP Column:
+Unchanged unless the current line scrolls off the screen,
+in which case it is set to the most attractive cursor position.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY <control-F>
+.IP "[count] <control-F>"
+Page forward
+.LI count
+screens.
+Two lines of overlap are maintained by displaying the window
+starting at line
+.LI "top_line + count * window_size - 2" ,
+where
+.LI window_size
+is the value of the
+.OP window
+option.
+(In the case of split screens, this size is corrected to the
+current screen size.)
+This is an error if the movement is past the end of the file.
+.sp
+The
+.CO <control-F>
+command is an absolute movement.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Set to the first line on the screen.
+.SP Column:
+Set to the first nonblank character of the current line.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY <control-G>
+.IP "<control-G>"
+Display the file information.
+The information includes the current pathname, the current line,
+the number of total lines in the file, the current line as a percentage
+of the total lines in the file, if the file has been modified,
+was able to be locked, if the file's name has been changed,
+and if the edit session is read-only.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Unchanged.
+.SP Column:
+Unchanged.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY <control-H>
+.IP "<control-H>"
+.Ip "[count] h"
+Move the cursor back
+.LI count
+characters in the current line.
+This is an error if the cursor is on the first character in the line.
+.sp
+The
+.CO <control-H>
+and
+.CO h
+commands may be used as the motion component of other
+.CO vi
+commands,
+in which case any text copied into a buffer is character oriented.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Unchanged.
+.SP Column:
+Set to the
+.LI "current - count"
+character, or, the first character in the line if
+.LI count
+is greater than or equal to the number of characters in the line
+before the cursor.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY <control-J>
+.IP "[count] <control-J>"
+.KY <control-N>
+.Ip "[count] <control-N>"
+.KY j
+.Ip "[count] j"
+Move the cursor down
+.LI count
+lines without changing the current column.
+This is an error if the movement is past the end of the file.
+.sp
+The
+.CO <control-J> ,
+.CO <control-N>
+and
+.CO j
+commands may be used as the motion component of other
+.CO vi
+commands, in which case any text copied into a buffer is
+line oriented.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Set to the current line plus
+.LI count .
+.SP Column:
+The most attractive cursor position.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY <control-L>
+.IP "<control-L>"
+.KY <control-R>
+.Ip "<control-R>"
+Repaint the screen.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Unchanged.
+.SP Column:
+Unchanged.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY <control-M>
+.IP "[count] <control-M>"
+.KY +
+.Ip "[count] +"
+Move the cursor down
+.LI count
+lines to the first nonblank character of that line.
+This is an error if the movement is past the end of the file.
+.sp
+The
+.CO <control-M>
+and
+.CO +
+commands may be used as the motion component of other
+.CO vi
+commands, in which case any text copied into a buffer is
+line oriented.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Set to the current line plus
+.LI count .
+.SP Column:
+Set to the first nonblank character in the line.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY <control-P>
+.IP "[count] <control-P>"
+.KY k
+.Ip "[count] k"
+Move the cursor up
+.LI count
+lines, without changing the current column.
+This is an error if the movement is past the beginning of the file.
+.sp
+The
+.CO <control-P>
+and
+.CO k
+commands may be used as the motion component of other
+.CO vi
+commands, in which case any text copied into a buffer is
+line oriented.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Set to the current line minus count.
+.SP Column:
+The most attractive cursor position.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY <control-T>
+.IP "<control-T>"
+Return to the most recent tag context.
+The
+.CO <control-T>
+command is an absolute movement.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Set to the context of the previous tag command.
+.SP Column:
+Set to the context of the previous tag command.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY <control-U>
+.IP "<control-U>"
+Scroll backward
+.LI count
+lines.
+If
+.LI count
+is not specified, scroll backward the number of lines specified by the
+last
+.CO <control-D>
+or
+.CO <control-U>
+command.
+If this is the first
+.CO <control-D>
+or
+.CO <control-U>
+command,
+scroll backward half the number of lines in the screen.
+(In the case of split screens, the default scrolling distance is
+corrected to half the current screen size.)
+This is an error if the movement is past the beginning of the file.
+.sp
+The
+.CO <control-U>
+command is an absolute movement.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Set to the current line minus the amount scrolled.
+.SP Column:
+Set to the first nonblank character in the line.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY <control-W>
+.IP "<control-W>"
+Switch to the next lower screen in the window, or, to the first
+screen if there are no lower screens in the window.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Set to the previous cursor position in the window.
+.SP Column:
+Set to the previous cursor position in the window.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY <control-Y>
+.IP "<control-Y>"
+Scroll backward
+.LI count
+lines, leaving the current line and column as is, if possible.
+This is an error if the movement is past the beginning of the file.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Unchanged unless the current line scrolls off the screen,
+in which case it is set to the last line of text displayed
+on the screen.
+.SP Column:
+Unchanged unless the current line scrolls off the screen,
+in which case it is the most attractive cursor position.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY <control-Z>
+.IP "<control-Z>"
+Suspend the current editor session.
+If the file has been modified since it was last completely written,
+and the
+.OP autowrite
+option is set, the file is written before the editor session is
+suspended.
+If this write fails, the editor session is not suspended.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Unchanged.
+.SP Column:
+Unchanged.
+.SP Options:
+Affected by the
+.OP autowrite
+option.
+.SE
+.KY <escape>
+.IP "<escape>"
+Execute
+.CO ex
+commands or cancel partial commands.
+If an
+.CO ex
+command is being entered (e.g.
+.CO / ,
+.CO ? ,
+.CO :
+or
+.CO ! ),
+the command is executed.
+If a partial command has been entered, e.g.
+.QL "[0-9]*" ,
+or
+.QL "[0-9]*[!<>cdy]" ,
+the command is cancelled.
+Otherwise, it is an error.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+When an
+.CO ex
+command is being executed, the current line is set as described for
+that command.
+Otherwise, unchanged.
+.SP Column:
+When an
+.CO ex
+command is being executed, the current column is set as described for
+that command.
+Otherwise, unchanged.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY <control-]>
+.IP "<control-]>"
+Push a tag reference onto the tag stack.
+The tags files (see the
+.OP tags
+option for more information) are searched for a tag matching the
+current word.
+The current word begins at the first non-whitespace character on or
+after the current cursor position,
+and extends up to the next non-word character or the end of the line.
+If a matching tag is found, the current file is discarded and the
+file containing the tag reference is edited.
+.sp
+If the current file has been modified since it was last completely
+written, the command will fail.
+The
+.CO <control-]>
+command is an absolute movement.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Set to the line containing the matching tag string.
+.SP Column:
+Set to the start of the matching tag string.
+.SP Options:
+Affected by the
+.OP tags
+and
+.OP taglength
+options.
+.SE
+.KY <control-^>
+.IP "<control-^>"
+Switch to the most recently edited file.
+.sp
+If the file has been modified since it was last completely written,
+and the
+.OP autowrite
+option is set, the file is written out.
+If this write fails, the command will fail.
+Otherwise, if the current file has been modified since it was last
+completely written, the command will fail.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Set to the line the cursor was on when the file was last edited.
+.SP Column:
+Set to the column the cursor was on when the file was last edited.
+.SP Options:
+Affected by the
+.OP autowrite
+option.
+.SE
+.KY <space>
+.IP "[count] <space>"
+.KY l
+.Ip "[count] l"
+Move the cursor forward
+.LI count
+characters without changing the current line.
+This is an error if the cursor is on the last character in the line.
+.sp
+The
+.CO <space>
+and
+.CO \&l
+commands may be used as the motion component of other
+.CO vi
+commands, in which case any text copied into a buffer is
+character oriented.
+In addition, these commands may be used as the motion components
+of other commands when the cursor is on the last character in the
+line, without error.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Unchanged.
+.SP Column:
+Set to the current character plus the next
+.LI count
+characters, or to the last character on the line if
+.LI count
+is greater than the number of characters in the line after the
+current character.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY !
+.IP "[count] ! motion shell-argument(s)"
+Replace text with results from a shell command.
+Pass the lines specified by the
+.LI count
+and
+.LI motion
+arguments as standard input to the program named by the
+.OP shell
+option, and replace those lines with the output (both
+standard error and standard output) of that command.
+.sp
+After the motion is entered,
+.CO vi
+prompts for arguments to the shell command.
+.sp
+Within those arguments,
+.QT %
+and
+.QT #
+characters are expanded to the current and alternate pathnames,
+respectively.
+The
+.QT !
+character is expanded with the command text of the previous
+.CO !
+or
+.CO :!
+commands.
+(Therefore, the command
+.CO !!
+repeats the previous
+.CO !
+command.)
+The special meanings of
+.QT % ,
+.QT #
+and
+.QT !
+can be overridden by escaping them with a backslash.
+If no
+.CO !
+or
+.CO :!
+command has yet been executed, it is an error to use an unescaped
+.QT !
+character.
+The
+.CO !
+command does
+.i not
+do shell expansion on the strings provided as arguments.
+If any of the above expansions change the arguments the user entered,
+the command is redisplayed at the bottom of the screen.
+.sp
+.CO Vi
+then executes the program named by the
+.OP shell
+option, with a
+.b \-c
+flag followed by the arguments (which are bundled into a single argument).
+.sp
+The
+.CO !
+command is permitted in an empty file.
+.sp
+If the file has been modified since it was last completely written,
+the
+.CO !
+command will warn you.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+The first line of the replaced text.
+.SP Column:
+The first column of the replaced text.
+.SP Options:
+Affected by the
+.OP shell
+option.
+.SE
+.KY #
+.IP "[count] # +|-|#"
+Increment or decrement the current number.
+The current number begins at the first non-number character on or
+before the current cursor position, or the beginning of the line,
+and extends up to the first non-number character on or after the
+current cursor position or the end of the line.
+If the trailing character is a
+.LI \&+ ,
+the number is incremented by
+.LI count .
+If the trailing character is a
+.LI \&- ,
+the number is decremented by
+.LI count .
+If the trailing character is a
+.LI \&# ,
+the previous increment or decrement is repeated.
+.sp
+The format of the number (decimal, hexadecimal, and octal,
+and leading 0's) is retained unless the new value cannot be
+represented in the previous format.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Unchanged.
+.SP Column:
+Set to the first character in the cursor word.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY $
+.IP "[count] $"
+Move the cursor to the end of a line.
+If
+.LI count
+is specified, the cursor moves down
+.LI "count - 1"
+lines.
+.sp
+It is not an error to use the
+.CO $
+command when the cursor is on the last character in the line or
+when the line is empty.
+.sp
+The
+.CO $
+command may be used as the motion component of other
+.CO vi
+commands, in which case any text copied into a buffer is
+character oriented, unless the cursor is at, or before the first
+nonblank character in the line, in which case it is line oriented.
+It is not an error to use the
+.CO $
+command as a motion component when the cursor is on the last character
+in the line, although it is an error when the line is empty.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Set to the current line plus
+.LI count
+minus 1.
+.SP Column:
+Set to the last character in the line.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY %
+.IP %
+Move to the matching character.
+The cursor moves to the parenthesis or curly brace which
+.i matches
+the parenthesis or curly brace found at the current cursor position
+or which is the closest one to the right of the cursor on the line.
+It is an error to execute the
+.CO %
+command on a line without a parenthesis or curly brace.
+Historically, any
+.LI count
+specified to the
+.CO %
+command was ignored.
+.sp
+The
+.CO %
+command is an absolute movement.
+The
+.CO %
+command may be used as the motion component of other
+.CO vi
+commands, in which case any text copied into a buffer is
+character oriented, unless the starting point of the region is at
+or before the first nonblank character on its line, and the ending
+point is at or after the last nonblank character on its line, in
+which case it is line oriented.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Set to the line containing the matching character.
+.SP Column:
+Set to the matching character.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY &
+.IP "&"
+Repeat the previous substitution command on the current line.
+.sp
+Historically, any
+.LI count
+specified to the
+.CO &
+command was ignored.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Unchanged.
+.SP Column:
+Unchanged if the cursor was on the last character in the line,
+otherwise, set to the first nonblank character in the line.
+.SP Options:
+Affected by the
+.OP edcompatible ,
+.OP extended ,
+.OP ignorecase
+and
+.OP magic
+options.
+.SE
+.KY SQUOTE<character>
+.IP \'<character>
+.KY `<character>
+.Ip `<character>
+Return to a context marked by the character
+.LI <character> .
+If
+.LI <character>
+is the
+.QT '
+or
+.QT `
+character, return to the previous context.
+If
+.LI <character>
+is any other character,
+return to the context marked by that character (see the
+.CO m
+command for more information).
+If the command is the
+.CO \'
+command, only the line value is restored,
+and the cursor is placed on the first nonblank character of that line.
+If the command is the
+.CO `
+command, both the line and column values are restored.
+.sp
+It is an error if the context no longer exists because of
+line deletion.
+(Contexts follow lines that are moved, or which are deleted
+and then restored.)
+.sp
+The
+.CO \'
+and
+.CO `
+commands are both absolute movements.
+They may be used as a motion component for other
+.CO vi
+commands.
+For the
+.CO \'
+command, any text copied into a buffer is line oriented.
+For the
+.CO `
+command, any text copied into a buffer is character oriented, unless
+it both starts and stops at the first character in the line, in which
+case it is line oriented.
+In addition, when using the
+.CO `
+command as a motion component,
+commands which move backward and started at the first character in the
+line, or move forward and ended at the first character in the line,
+are corrected to the last character of the starting and ending lines,
+respectively.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Set to the line from the context.
+.SP Column:
+Set to the first nonblank character in the line, for the
+.CO \'
+command, and set to the context's column for the
+.CO `
+command.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY (
+.IP "[count] ("
+Back up
+.LI count
+sentences.
+.sp
+The
+.CO (
+command is an absolute movement.
+The
+.CO (
+command may be used as the motion component of other
+.CO vi
+commands, in which case any text copied into a buffer is
+character oriented, unless the starting and stopping points of the
+region are the first character in the line, in which case it is
+line oriented.
+In the latter case, the stopping point of the region is adjusted
+to be the end of the line immediately before it, and not the original
+cursor position.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Set to the line containing the beginning of the sentence.
+.SP Column:
+Set to the first nonblank character of the sentence.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY )
+.IP "[count] )"
+Move forward
+.LI count
+sentences.
+.sp
+The
+.CO )
+command is an absolute movement.
+The
+.CO )
+command may be used as the motion component of other
+.CO vi
+commands, in which case any text copied into a buffer is
+character oriented, unless the starting point of the region is the
+first character in the line, in which case it is line oriented.
+In the latter case, if the stopping point of the region is also
+the first character in the line, it is adjusted to be the end of the
+line immediately before it.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Set to the line containing the beginning of the sentence.
+.SP Column:
+Set to the first nonblank character of the sentence.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY ,
+.IP "[count] ,"
+Reverse find character
+.LI count
+times.
+Reverse the last
+.CO F ,
+.CO f ,
+.CO T
+or
+.CO t
+command, searching the other way in the line,
+.LI count
+times.
+.sp
+The
+.CO ,
+command may be used as the motion component of other
+.CO vi
+commands, in which case any text copied into a buffer is
+character oriented.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Unchanged.
+.SP Column:
+Set to the searched-for character.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY MINUSSIGN
+.IP "[count] \-"
+Move to first nonblank of the previous line,
+.LI count
+times.
+.sp
+This is an error if the movement is past the beginning of the file.
+.sp
+The
+.CO -
+command may be used as the motion component of other
+.CO vi
+commands, in which case any text copied into a buffer is
+line oriented.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Set to the current line minus
+.LI count .
+.SP Column:
+Set to the first nonblank character in the line.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY \&.
+.IP "[count] \&."
+Repeat the last
+.CO vi
+command that modified text.
+The repeated command may be a command and motion component combination.
+If
+.LI count
+is specified, it replaces
+.i both
+the count specified for the repeated command, and, if applicable, for
+the repeated motion component.
+If
+.LI count
+is not specified, the counts originally specified to the command being
+repeated are used again.
+.sp
+As a special case, if the
+.CO \.
+command is executed immediately after the
+.CO u
+command, the change log is rolled forward or backward, depending on
+the action of the
+.CO u
+command.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Set as described for the repeated command.
+.SP Column:
+Set as described for the repeated command.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY /RE/
+.IP "/RE<carriage-return>"
+.Ip "/RE/ [offset]<carriage-return>"
+.KY ?RE?
+.Ip "?RE<carriage-return>"
+.Ip "?RE? [offset]<carriage-return>"
+.KY N
+.Ip "N"
+.KY n
+.Ip "n"
+Search forward or backward for a regular expression.
+The commands beginning with a slash
+.PQ /
+character are forward searches, the commands beginning with a
+question mark
+.PQ ?
+are backward searches.
+.CO Vi
+prompts with the leading character on the last line of the screen
+for a string.
+It then searches forward or backward in the file for the next
+occurrence of the string, which is interpreted as a Basic Regular
+Expression.
+.sp
+The
+.CO /
+and
+.CO ?
+commands are absolute movements.
+They may be used as the motion components of other
+.CO vi
+commands, in which case any text copied into a buffer is
+character oriented, unless the search started and ended on
+the first column of a line, in which case it is line oriented.
+In addition, forward searches ending at the first character of a line,
+and backward searches beginning at the first character in the line,
+are corrected to begin or end at the last character of the previous line.
+(Note, forward and backward searches can occur for both
+.CO /
+and
+.CO ?
+commands, if the
+.OP wrapscan
+option is set.)
+.sp
+If an offset from the matched line is specified (i.e. a trailing
+.QT /
+or
+.QT ?
+character is followed by a signed offset), the buffer will always
+be line oriented (e.g.
+.QT /string/+0
+will always guarantee a line orientation).
+.sp
+The
+.CO n
+command repeats the previous search.
+.sp
+The
+.CO N
+command repeats the previous search, but in the reverse direction.
+.sp
+Missing RE's (e.g.
+.QT //<carriage-return> ,
+.QT /<carriage-return> ,
+.QT ??<carriage-return> ,
+or
+.QT ?<carriage-return>
+search for the last search RE, in the indicated direction.
+.sp
+Searches may be interrupted using the
+.LI <interrupt>
+character.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Set to the line in which the match occurred.
+.SP Column:
+Set to the first character of the matched string.
+.SP Options:
+Affected by the
+.OP edcompatible ,
+.OP extended ,
+.OP ignorecase ,
+.OP magic ,
+and
+.OP wrapscan
+options.
+.SE
+.KY 0
+.IP "0"
+Move to the first character in the current line.
+It is not an error to use the
+.CO 0
+command when the cursor is on the first character in the line,
+.sp
+The
+.CO 0
+command may be used as the motion component of other
+.CO vi
+commands, in which case it is an error if the cursor is on the
+first character in the line.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Unchanged.
+.SP Column:
+Set to the first character in the line.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY :
+.IP ":"
+Execute an ex command.
+.CO Vi
+prompts for an
+.CO ex
+command on the last line of the screen, using a colon
+.PQ :
+character.
+The command is terminated by a
+.LI <carriage-return> ,
+.LI <newline>
+or
+.LI <escape>
+character; all of these characters may be escaped by using a
+.LI "<literal next>"
+character.
+The command is then executed.
+.sp
+If the
+.CO ex
+command writes to the screen,
+.CO vi
+will prompt the user for a
+.LI <carriage-return>
+before continuing
+when the
+.CO ex
+command finishes.
+Large amounts of output from the
+.CO ex
+command will be paged for the user, and the user prompted for a
+.LI <carriage-return>
+or
+.LI <space>
+key to continue.
+In some cases, a quit (normally a
+.QQ q
+character) or
+.LI <interrupt>
+may be entered to interrupt the
+.CO ex
+command.
+.sp
+When the
+.CO ex
+command finishes, and the user is prompted to resume visual mode,
+it is also possible to enter another
+.QT :
+character followed by another
+.CO ex
+command.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+The current line is set as described for the
+.CO ex
+command.
+.SP Column:
+The current column is set as described for the
+.CO ex
+command.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY ;
+.IP "[count] ;"
+Repeat the last character find
+.LI count
+times.
+The last character find is one of the
+.CO F ,
+.CO f ,
+.CO T
+or
+.CO t
+commands.
+.sp
+The
+.CO ;
+command may be used as the motion component of other
+.CO vi
+commands, in which case any text copied into a buffer is
+character oriented.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Unchanged.
+.SP Column:
+Set to the searched-for character.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY <
+.IP "[count] < motion"
+.KY >
+.Ip "[count] > motion"
+Shift lines left or right.
+Shift the number of lines in the region specified by the motion component,
+times
+.LI count ,
+left (for the
+.CO <
+command) or right (for the
+.CO >
+command) by the number of columns specified by the
+.OP shiftwidth
+option.
+Only whitespace characters are deleted when shifting left;
+once the first character in the line contains a nonblank character,
+the
+.CO shift
+will succeed, but the line will not be modified.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Unchanged.
+.SP Column:
+Set to the first nonblank character in the line.
+.SP Options:
+Affected by the
+.OP shiftwidth
+option.
+.SE
+.KY @
+.IP "@ buffer"
+Execute a named buffer.
+Execute the named buffer as
+.CO vi
+commands.
+The buffer may include
+.CO ex
+commands, too, but they must be expressed as a
+.CO :
+command.
+If the buffer is line oriented,
+.LI <newline>
+characters are logically appended to each line of the buffer.
+If the buffer is character oriented,
+.LI <newline>
+characters are logically appended to all but the last line in the buffer.
+.sp
+If the buffer name is
+.QT @ ,
+or
+.QT * ,
+then the last buffer executed shall be used.
+It is an error to specify
+.QT @@
+or
+.QT **
+if there were no buffer previous executions.
+The text of a macro may contain an
+.CO @
+command,
+and it is possible to create infinite loops in this manner.
+(The
+.LI <interrupt>
+character may be used to interrupt the loop.)
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+The current line is set as described for the command(s).
+.SP Column:
+The current column is set as described for the command(s).
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY A
+.IP "[count] A"
+Enter input mode, appending the text after the end of the line.
+If
+.LI count
+is specified, the text is repeatedly input
+.LI "count - 1"
+more times after input mode is exited.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Set to the last line upon which characters were entered.
+.SP Column:
+Set to the last character entered.
+.SP Options:
+Affected by the
+.OP altwerase ,
+.OP autoindent ,
+.OP beautify ,
+.OP showmatch ,
+.OP ttywerase
+and
+.OP wrapmargin
+options.
+.SE
+.KY B
+.IP "[count] B"
+Move backward
+.LI count
+bigwords.
+Move the cursor backward to the beginning of a bigword by repeating the
+following algorithm: if the current position is at the beginning of a
+bigword or the character at the current position cannot be part of a bigword,
+move to the first character of the preceding bigword.
+Otherwise, move to the first character of the bigword at the current position.
+If no preceding bigword exists on the current line, move to the first
+character of the last bigword on the first preceding line that contains a
+bigword.
+.sp
+The
+.CO B
+command may be used as the motion component of other
+.CO vi
+commands, in which case any text copied into a buffer is
+character oriented.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Set to the line containing the word selected.
+.SP Column:
+Set to the first character of the word selected.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY C
+.IP "[buffer] [count] C"
+Change text from the current position to the end-of-line.
+If
+.LI count
+is specified, the input text replaces from the current position to
+the end-of-line, plus
+.LI "count - 1"
+subsequent lines.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Set to the last line upon which characters were entered.
+.SP Column:
+Set to the last character entered.
+.SP Options:
+Affected by the
+.OP altwerase ,
+.OP autoindent ,
+.OP beautify ,
+.OP showmatch ,
+.OP ttywerase
+and
+.OP wrapmargin
+options.
+.SE
+.KY D
+.IP "[buffer] D"
+Delete text from the current position to the end-of-line.
+.sp
+It is not an error to execute the
+.CO D
+command on an empty line.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Unchanged.
+.SP Column:
+Set to the character before the current character, or, column 1 if
+the cursor was on column 1.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY E
+.IP "[count] E"
+Move forward
+.LI count
+end-of-bigwords.
+Move the cursor forward to the end of a bigword by repeating the
+following algorithm: if the current position is the end of a
+bigword or the character at that position cannot be part of a bigword,
+move to the last character of the following bigword.
+Otherwise, move to the last character of the bigword at the current
+position.
+If no succeeding bigword exists on the current line,
+move to the last character of the first bigword on the next following
+line that contains a bigword.
+.sp
+The
+.CO E
+command may be used as the motion component of other
+.CO vi
+commands, in which case any text copied into a buffer is
+character oriented.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Set to the line containing the word selected.
+.SP Column:
+Set to the last character of the word selected.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY F
+.IP "[count] F <character>"
+Search
+.LI count
+times backward through the current line for
+.LI <character> .
+.sp
+The
+.CO F
+command may be used as the motion component of other
+.CO vi
+commands, in which case any text copied into a buffer is
+character oriented.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Unchanged.
+.SP Column:
+Set to the searched-for character.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY G
+.IP "[count] G"
+Move to line
+.LI count ,
+or the last line of the file if
+.LI count
+not specified.
+.sp
+The
+.CO G
+command is an absolute movement.
+The
+.CO \&G
+command may be used as the motion component of other
+.CO vi
+commands, in which case any text copied into a buffer is
+line oriented.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Set to
+.LI count ,
+if specified, otherwise, the last line.
+.SP Column:
+Set to the first nonblank character in the line.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY H
+.IP "[count] H"
+Move to the screen line
+.LI "count - 1"
+lines below the top of the screen.
+.sp
+The
+.CO H
+command is an absolute movement.
+The
+.CO H
+command may be used as the motion component of other
+.CO vi
+commands, in which case any text copied into a buffer is
+line oriented.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Set to the line
+.LI "count - 1"
+lines below the top of the screen.
+.SP Column:
+Set to the first nonblank character of the
+.i screen
+line.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY I
+.IP "[count] I"
+Enter input mode, inserting the text at the beginning of the line.
+If
+.LI count
+is specified, the text input is repeatedly input
+.LI "count - 1"
+more times.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Set to the last line upon which characters were entered.
+.SP Column:
+Set to the last character entered.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY J
+.IP "[count] J"
+Join lines.
+If
+.LI count
+is specified,
+.LI count
+lines are joined; a minimum of two lines are always joined,
+regardless of the value of
+.LI count .
+.sp
+If the current line ends with a whitespace character, all whitespace
+is stripped from the next line.
+Otherwise, if the next line starts with a open parenthesis
+.PQ (
+do nothing.
+Otherwise, if the current line ends with a question mark
+.PQ ? ,
+period
+.PQ \&.
+or exclamation point
+.PQ ! ,
+insert two spaces.
+Otherwise, insert a single space.
+.sp
+It is not an error to join lines past the end of the file,
+i.e. lines that do not exist.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Unchanged.
+.SP Column:
+Set to the character after the last character of the next-to-last
+joined line.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY L
+.IP "[count] L"
+Move to the screen line
+.LI "count - 1"
+lines above the bottom of the screen.
+.sp
+The
+.CO L
+command is an absolute movement.
+The
+.CO L
+command may be used as the motion component of other
+.CO vi
+commands, in which case any text copied into a buffer is
+line oriented.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Set to the line
+.LI "count - 1"
+lines above the bottom of the screen.
+.SP Column:
+Set to the first nonblank character of the
+.i screen
+line.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY  M
+.IP " M"
+Move to the screen line in the middle of the screen.
+.sp
+The
+.CO M
+command is an absolute movement.
+The
+.CO M
+command may be used as the motion component of other
+.CO vi
+commands, in which case any text copied into a buffer is
+line oriented.
+.sp
+Historically, any
+.LI count
+specified to the
+.CO M
+command was ignored.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Set to the line in the middle of the screen.
+.SP Column:
+Set to the first nonblank character of the
+.i screen
+line.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY O
+.IP "[count] O"
+Enter input mode, appending text in a new line above the current line.
+If
+.LI count
+is specified, the text input is repeatedly input
+.LI "count - 1"
+more times.
+.sp
+Historically, any
+.LI count
+specified to the
+.CO O
+command was ignored.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Set to the last line upon which characters were entered.
+.SP Column:
+Set to the last character entered.
+.SP Options:
+Affected by the
+.OP altwerase ,
+.OP autoindent ,
+.OP beautify ,
+.OP showmatch ,
+.OP ttywerase
+and
+.OP wrapmargin
+options.
+.SE
+.KY P
+.IP "[buffer] P"
+Insert text from a buffer.
+Text from the buffer (the unnamed buffer by default) is inserted
+before the current column or, if the buffer is line oriented,
+before the current line.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Set to the lowest numbered line insert,
+if the buffer is line oriented, otherwise unchanged.
+.SP Column:
+Set to the first nonblank character of the appended text,
+if the buffer is line oriented, otherwise, the last character
+of the appended text.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY Q
+.IP "Q"
+Exit
+.CO vi
+(or visual) mode and switch to
+.CO ex
+mode.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Unchanged.
+.SP Column:
+No longer relevant.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY R
+.IP "[count] R"
+Enter input mode, replacing the characters in the current line.
+If
+.LI count
+is specified, the text input is repeatedly input
+.LI "count - 1"
+more times.
+.sp
+If the end of the current line is reached, no more characters are
+replaced and any further characters input are appended to the line.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Set to the last line upon which characters were entered.
+.SP Column:
+Set to the last character entered.
+.SP Options:
+Affected by the
+.OP altwerase ,
+.OP autoindent ,
+.OP beautify ,
+.OP showmatch ,
+.OP ttywerase
+and
+.OP wrapmargin
+options.
+.SE
+.KY S
+.IP "[buffer] [count] S"
+Substitute
+.LI count
+lines.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Set to the last line upon which characters were entered.
+.SP Column:
+Set to the last character entered.
+.SP Options:
+Affected by the
+.OP altwerase ,
+.OP autoindent ,
+.OP beautify ,
+.OP showmatch ,
+.OP ttywerase
+and
+.OP wrapmargin
+options.
+.SE
+.KY T
+.IP "[count] T <character>"
+Search backward,
+.LI count
+times,
+through the current line for the character
+.i after
+the specified
+.LI <character> .
+.sp
+The
+.CO T
+command may be used as the motion component of other
+.CO vi
+commands, in which case any text copied into a buffer is
+character oriented.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Unchanged.
+.SP Column:
+Set to the character
+.i after
+the searched-for character.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY U
+.IP "U"
+Restore the current line to its state before the cursor last
+moved to it.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Unchanged.
+.SP Column:
+The first character in the line.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY W
+.IP "[count] W"
+Move forward
+.LI count
+bigwords.
+Move the cursor forward to the beginning of a bigword by repeating the
+following algorithm: if the current position is within a bigword or the
+character at that position cannot be part of a bigword, move to the first
+character of the next bigword.
+If no subsequent bigword exists on the current line,
+move to the first character of the first bigword on the first following
+line that contains a bigword.
+.sp
+The
+.CO W
+command may be used as the motion component of other
+.CO vi
+commands, in which case any text copied into a buffer is
+character oriented.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+The line containing the word selected.
+.SP Column:
+The first character of the word selected.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY X
+.IP "[buffer] [count] X"
+Delete
+.LI count
+characters before the cursor.
+If the number of characters to be deleted is greater than or equal to
+the number of characters to the beginning of the line, all of the
+characters before the current cursor position, to the beginning of the
+line, are deleted.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Unchanged.
+.SP Column:
+Set to the current character minus
+.LI count ,
+or the first character if count is greater than the number of
+characters in the line before the cursor.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY Y
+.IP "[buffer] [count] Y"
+Copy (or
+.QQ yank )
+.LI count
+lines into the specified buffer.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Unchanged.
+.SP Column:
+Unchanged.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY ZZ
+.IP "ZZ"
+Write the file and exit
+.CO vi .
+The file is only written if it has been modified since the last
+complete write of the file to any file.
+.sp
+The
+.CO ZZ
+command will exit the editor after writing the file,
+if there are no further files to edit.
+Entering two
+.QQ quit
+commands (i.e.
+.CO wq ,
+.CO quit ,
+.CO xit
+or
+.CO ZZ )
+in a row will override this check and the editor will exit,
+ignoring any files that have not yet been edited.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Unchanged.
+.SP Column:
+Unchanged.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY [[
+.IP "[count] [["
+Back up
+.LI count
+section boundaries.
+.sp
+The
+.CO [[
+command is an absolute movement.
+The
+.CO [[
+command may be used as the motion component of other
+.CO vi
+commands, in which case any text copied into a buffer is
+character oriented, unless the starting position is column 0,
+in which case it is line oriented.
+.sp
+This is an error if the movement is past the beginning of the file.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Set to the previous line that is
+.LI count
+section boundaries back,
+or the first line of the file if no more section boundaries exist
+preceding the current line.
+.SP Column:
+Set to the first nonblank character in the line.
+.SP Options:
+Affected by the
+.OP sections
+option.
+.SE
+.KY ]]
+.IP "[count] ]]"
+Move forward
+.LI count
+section boundaries.
+.sp
+The
+.CO ]]
+command is an absolute movement.
+The
+.CO ]]
+command may be used as the motion component of other
+.CO vi
+commands, in which case any text copied into a buffer is
+character oriented, unless the starting position is column 0,
+in which case it is line oriented.
+.sp
+This is an error if the movement is past the end of the file.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Set to the line that is
+.LI count
+section boundaries forward,
+or to the last line of the file if no more section
+boundaries exist following the current line.
+.SP Column:
+Set to the first nonblank character in the line.
+.SP Options:
+Affected by the
+.OP sections
+option.
+.SE
+.KY ^
+.IP "\&^"
+Move to first nonblank character on the current line.
+.sp
+The
+.CO ^
+command may be used as the motion component of other
+.CO vi
+commands, in which case any text copied into a buffer is
+character oriented.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Unchanged.
+.SP Column:
+Set to the first nonblank character of the current line.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY _
+.IP "[count] _"
+Move down
+.LI "count - 1"
+lines, to the first nonblank character.
+The
+.CO _
+command may be used as the motion component of other
+.CO vi
+commands, in which case any text copied into a buffer is
+line oriented.
+.sp
+It is not an error to execute the
+.CO _
+command when the cursor is on the first character in the line.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+The current line plus
+.LI "count - 1" .
+.SP Column:
+The first nonblank character in the line.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY a
+.IP "[count] a"
+Enter input mode, appending the text after the cursor.
+If
+.LI count
+is specified, the text input is repeatedly input
+.LI "count - 1"
+more times.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Set to the last line upon which characters were entered.
+.SP Column:
+Set to the last character entered.
+.SP Options:
+Affected by the
+.OP altwerase ,
+.OP autoindent ,
+.OP beautify ,
+.OP showmatch ,
+.OP ttywerase
+and
+.OP wrapmargin
+options.
+.SE
+.KY b
+.IP "[count] b"
+Move backward
+.LI count
+words.
+Move the cursor backward to the beginning of a word by repeating the
+following algorithm: if the current position is at the beginning of a word,
+move to the first character of the preceding word.
+Otherwise, the current position moves to the first character of the word
+at the current position.
+If no preceding word exists on the current line, move to the first
+character of the last word on the first preceding line that contains
+a word.
+.sp
+The
+.CO b
+command may be used as the motion component of other
+.CO vi
+commands, in which case any text copied into a buffer is
+character oriented.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Set to the line containing the word selected.
+.SP Column:
+Set to the first character of the word selected.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY c
+.IP "[buffer] [count] c motion"
+Change a region of text.
+If only part of a single line is affected, then the last character
+being changed is marked with a
+.QT $ .
+Otherwise, the region of text is deleted, and input mode is entered.
+.sp
+If
+.LI count
+is specified, it is applied to the
+.LI motion .
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Set to the last line upon which characters were entered.
+.SP Column:
+Set to the last character entered.
+.SP Options:
+Affected by the
+.OP altwerase ,
+.OP autoindent ,
+.OP beautify ,
+.OP showmatch ,
+.OP ttywerase
+and
+.OP wrapmargin
+options.
+.SE
+.KY d
+.IP "[buffer] [count] d motion"
+Delete a region of text.
+If
+.LI count
+is specified, it is applied to the
+.LI motion .
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Set to the line where the region starts.
+.SP Column:
+Set to the first character in the line after the last character in the
+region.
+If no such character exists, set to the last character before the region.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY e
+.IP "[count] e"
+Move forward
+.LI count
+end-of-words.
+Move the cursor forward to the end of a word by repeating the following
+algorithm: if the current position is the end of a word,
+move to the last character of the following word.
+Otherwise, move to the last character of the word at the current position.
+If no succeeding word exists on the current line, move to the last character
+of the first word on the next following line that contains a word.
+.sp
+The
+.CO e
+command may be used as the motion component of other
+.CO vi
+commands, in which case any text copied into a buffer is
+character oriented.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Set to the line containing the word selected.
+.SP Column:
+Set to the last character of the word selected.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY f
+.IP "[count] f <character>"
+Search forward,
+.LI count
+times, through the rest of the current line for
+.LI <character> .
+.sp
+The
+.CO f
+command may be used as the motion component of other
+.CO vi
+commands, in which case any text copied into a buffer is
+character oriented.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Unchanged.
+.SP Column:
+Set to the searched-for character.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY i
+.IP "[count] i"
+Enter input mode, inserting the text before the cursor.
+If
+.LI count
+is specified, the text input is repeatedly input
+.LI "count - 1"
+more times.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Set to the last line upon which characters were entered.
+.SP Column:
+Set to the last character entered.
+.SP Options:
+Affected by the
+.OP altwerase ,
+.OP autoindent ,
+.OP beautify ,
+.OP showmatch ,
+.OP ttywerase
+and
+.OP wrapmargin
+options.
+.SE
+.KY m
+.IP "m <character>"
+Save the current context (line and column) as
+.LI <character> .
+The exact position is referred to by
+.QT `<character> .
+The line is referred to by
+.QT '<character> .
+.sp
+Historically,
+.LI <character>
+was restricted to lower-case letters only,
+.CO nvi
+permits the use of any character.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Unchanged.
+.SP Column:
+Unchanged.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY o
+.IP "[count] o"
+Enter input mode, appending text in a new line under the current line.
+If
+.LI count
+is specified, the text input is repeatedly input
+.LI "count - 1"
+more times.
+.sp
+Historically, any
+.LI count
+specified to the
+.CO o
+command was ignored.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Set to the last line upon which characters were entered.
+.SP Column:
+Set to the last character entered.
+.SP Options:
+Affected by the
+.OP altwerase ,
+.OP autoindent ,
+.OP beautify ,
+.OP showmatch ,
+.OP ttywerase
+and
+.OP wrapmargin
+options.
+.SE
+.KY p
+.IP "[buffer] p"
+Append text from a buffer.
+Text from the buffer (the unnamed buffer by default) is appended
+after the current column or, if the buffer is line oriented,
+after the current line.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Set to the first line appended, if the buffer is line oriented,
+otherwise unchanged.
+.SP Column:
+Set to the first nonblank character of the appended text if the buffer
+is line oriented, otherwise, the last character of the appended text.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY r
+.IP "[count] r <character>"
+Replace characters.
+The next
+.LI count
+characters in the line are replaced with
+.LI <character> .
+Replacing characters with
+.LI <newline>
+characters results in creating new, empty lines into the file.
+.sp
+If
+.LI <character>
+is
+.LI <escape> ,
+the command is cancelled.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Unchanged unless the replacement character is a
+.LI <newline> ,
+in which case it is set to the current line plus
+.LI "count - 1" .
+.SP Column:
+Set to the last character replaced,
+unless the replacement character is a
+.LI <newline> ,
+in which case the cursor is in column 1 of the last line inserted.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY s
+.IP "[buffer] [count] s"
+Substitute
+.LI count
+characters in the current line starting with the current character.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Set to the last line upon which characters were entered.
+.SP Column:
+Set to the last character entered.
+.SP Options:
+Affected by the
+.OP altwerase ,
+.OP autoindent ,
+.OP beautify ,
+.OP showmatch ,
+.OP ttywerase
+and
+.OP wrapmargin
+options.
+.SE
+.KY t
+.IP "[count] t <character>"
+Search forward,
+.LI count
+times, through the current line for the character immediately
+.i before
+.LI <character> .
+.sp
+The
+.CO t
+command may be used as the motion component of other
+.CO vi
+commands, in which case any text copied into a buffer is
+character oriented.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Unchanged.
+.SP Column:
+Set to the character
+.i before
+the searched-for character.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY u
+.IP "u"
+Undo the last change made to the file.
+If repeated, the
+.CO u
+command alternates between these two states, and is its own inverse.
+When used after an insert that inserted text on more than one line,
+the lines are saved in the numeric buffers.
+.sp
+The
+.CO \&.
+command, when used immediately after the
+.CO u
+command, causes the change log to be rolled forward or backward,
+depending on the action of the
+.CO u
+command.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Set to the position of the first line changed, if the reversal affects
+only one line or represents an addition or change; otherwise, the line
+preceding the deleted text.
+.SP Column:
+Set to the cursor position before the change was made.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY w
+.IP "[count] w"
+Move forward
+.LI count
+words.
+Move the cursor forward to the beginning of a word by repeating the
+following algorithm: if the current position is at the
+beginning of a word, move to the first character of the next word.
+If no subsequent word exists on the current line, move to the first
+character of the first word on the first following line that contains
+a word.
+.sp
+The
+.CO w
+command may be used as the motion component of other
+.CO vi
+commands, in which case any text copied into a buffer is
+character oriented.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Set to the line containing the word selected.
+.SP Column:
+Set to the first character of the word selected.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY x
+.IP "[buffer] [count] x"
+Delete
+.LI count
+characters.
+The deletion is at the current character position.
+If the number of characters to be deleted is greater than or equal to
+the number of characters to the end of the line, all of the characters
+from the current cursor position to the end of the line are deleted.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Unchanged.
+.SP Column:
+Unchanged unless the last character in the line is deleted and the cursor
+is not already on the first character in the line, in which case it is
+set to the previous character.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY y
+.IP "[buffer] [count] y motion"
+Copy (or
+.QQ yank )
+a text region specified by the
+.LI count
+and motion into a buffer.
+If
+.LI count
+is specified, it is applied to the
+.LI motion .
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Unchanged, unless the region covers more than a single line,
+in which case it is set to the line where the region starts.
+.SP Column:
+Unchanged, unless the region covers more than a single line,
+in which case it is set to the character were the region starts.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY z
+.IP "[count1] z [count2] type"
+Redraw the screen with a window
+.LI count2
+lines long, with line
+.LI count1
+placed as specified by the
+.LI type
+character.
+If
+.LI count1
+is not specified, it defaults to the current line.
+If
+.LI count2
+is not specified, it defaults to the current window size.
+.sp
+The following
+.LI type
+characters may be used:
+.SS
+.SP +
+If
+.LI count1
+is specified, place the line
+.LI count1
+at the top of the screen.
+Otherwise, display the screen after the current screen, similarly to the
+.CO <control-F>
+command.
+.SP <carriage-return>
+Place the line
+.LI count1
+at the top of the screen.
+.SP \&.
+Place the line
+.LI count1
+in the center of the screen.
+.SP \-
+Place the line
+.LI count1
+at the bottom of the screen.
+.SP ^
+If
+.LI count1
+is specified, place the line that is at the top of the screen 
+when
+.LI count1
+is at the bottom of the screen, at the bottom of the screen,
+i.e. display the screen before the screen before
+.LI count1 .
+Otherwise, display the screen before the current screen, similarly to the
+.CO <control-B>
+command.
+.SE
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Set to
+.LI count1
+unless
+.LI count1
+is not specified and the
+.LI type
+character was either
+.QT ^
+or
+.QT + ,
+in which case it is set to the line before the first line on the
+previous screen or the line after the last line on the previous
+screen, respectively.
+.SP Column:
+Set to the first nonblank character in the line.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY {
+.IP "[count] {"
+Move backward
+.LI count
+paragraphs.
+.sp
+The
+.CO {
+command is an absolute movement.
+The
+.CO {
+command may be used as the motion component of other
+.CO vi
+commands, in which case any text copied into a buffer is
+character oriented, unless the starting character is the first
+character on its line, in which case it is line oriented.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Set to the line containing the beginning of the previous paragraph.
+.SP Column:
+Set to the first nonblank character in the line.
+.SP Options:
+Affected by the
+.OP paragraph
+option.
+.SE
+.KY |
+.IP "[count] |"
+Move to a specific
+.i column
+position on the current line.
+.sp
+The
+.CO |
+command may be used as the motion component of other
+.CO vi
+commands, in which case any text copied into a buffer is
+character oriented.
+It is an error to use the
+.CO |
+command as a motion component and for the cursor not to move.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Unchanged.
+.SP Column:
+Set to the character occupying the column position identified by
+.LI count ,
+if the position exists in the line.
+If the column length of the current line is less than
+.LI count ,
+the cursor is moved to the last character in the line.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SE
+.KY }
+.IP "[count] }"
+Move forward
+.LI count
+paragraphs.
+.sp
+The
+.CO }
+command is an absolute movement.
+The
+.CO }
+command may be used as the motion component of other
+.CO vi
+commands, in which case any text copied into a buffer is
+character oriented, unless the starting character is at or
+before any nonblank characters in its line,
+in which case it is line oriented.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Set to the line containing the beginning of the next paragraph.
+.SP Column:
+Set to the first nonblank character in the line.
+.SP Options:
+Affected by the
+.OP paragraph
+option.
+.SE
+.KY ~
+.IP "[count] ~"
+Reverse the case of the next
+.LI count
+character(s).
+This is the historic semantic for the
+.CO ~
+command and it is only in effect if the
+.OP tildeop
+option is not set.
+.sp
+Lowercase alphabetic characters are changed to uppercase,
+and uppercase characters are changed to lowercase.
+No other characters are affected.
+.sp
+Historically, the
+.CO ~
+command did not take an associated count, nor did it move past the
+end of the current line.
+As it had no associated motion it was difficult to change the case
+of large blocks of text.
+In
+.CO nvi ,
+if the cursor is on the last character of a line, and there are
+more lines in the file, the cursor moves to the next line.
+.sp
+It is not an error to specify a count larger than the number of
+characters between the cursor and the end of the file.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Set to the line of the character after
+.LI count
+characters, or, end of file.
+.SP Column:
+Set to the character after
+.LI count
+characters, or, end-of-file.
+.SP Options:
+Affected by the
+.OP tildeop
+option.
+.SE
+.KY ~
+.IP "[count] ~ motion"
+Reverse the case of the characters in a text region specified by the
+.LI count
+and
+.LI motion .
+Only in effect if the
+.OP tildeop
+option is set.
+.sp
+Lowercase characters are changed to uppercase,
+and uppercase characters are changed to lowercase.
+No other characters are affected.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Set to the line of the character after the last character in the region.
+.SP Column:
+Set to the character after the last character in the region.
+.SP Options:
+Affected by the
+.OP tildeop
+option.
+.SE
+.KY <interrupt>
+.IP "<interrupt>"
+Interrupt the current operation.
+Many of the potentially long-running
+.CO vi
+commands may be interrupted using the terminal interrupt character.
+These operations include searches, file reading and writing, filter
+operations and map character expansion.
+Interrupts are also enabled when running commands outside of
+.CO vi .
+.sp
+If the
+.LI <interrupt>
+character is used to interrupt while entering an
+.CO ex
+command, the command is aborted, the cursor returns to its previous
+position, and
+.CO vi
+remains in command mode.
+.sp
+Generally, if the
+.LI <interrupt>
+character is used to interrupt any
+operation, any changes made before the interrupt are left in place.
+.SS
+.SP Line:
+Dependent on the operation being interrupted.
+.SP Column:
+Dependent on the operation being interrupted.
+.SP Options:
+None.
+.SH 1 "Vi Text Input Commands"
+.pp
+The following section describes the commands available in the text
+input mode of the
+.CO vi
+editor.
+.pp
+Historically,
+.CO vi
+implementations only permitted the characters inserted on the current
+line to be erased.
+In addition, only the
+.LI <control-D>
+erase character and the
+.QT 0<control-D>
+and
+.QT ^<control-D>
+erase strings could erase autoindent characters.
+This implementation permits erasure to continue past the beginning
+of the current line, and back to where text input mode was entered.
+In addition, autoindent characters may be erased using the standard
+erase characters.
+For the line and word erase characters, reaching the autoindent
+characters forms a
+.QQ soft
+boundary, denoting the end of the current word or line erase.
+Repeating the word or line erase key will erase the autoindent characters.
+.pp
+Historically,
+.CO vi
+always used
+.LI <control-H>
+and
+.LI <control-W>
+as character and word erase characters, respectively, regardless of
+the current terminal settings.
+This implementation accepts, in addition to these two characters,
+the current terminal characters for those operations.
+.KY <nul>
+.IP "<nul>"
+If the first character of the input is a
+.LI <nul> ,
+the previous input is replayed, as if just entered.
+.KY <control-D>
+.IP "<control-D>"
+If the previous character on the line was an autoindent character,
+erase it.
+Otherwise, if the user is entering the first character in the line,
+.LI <control-D>
+is ignored.
+Otherwise, a literal
+.LI <control-D>
+character is entered.
+.KY ^<control-D>
+.IP "^<control-D>"
+If the previous character on the line was an autoindent character,
+erase all of the autoindent characters on the line.
+In addition, the autoindent level is reset to 0.
+.KY 0<control-D>
+.IP "0<control-D>"
+If the previous character on the line was an autoindent character,
+erase all of the autoindent characters on the line.
+.KY <control-T>
+.IP "<control-T>"
+Insert sufficient
+.LI <tab>
+and
+.LI <space>
+characters to move the cursor forward to a column immediately
+after the next column which is an even multiple of the
+.OP shiftwidth
+option.
+.sp
+Historically,
+.CO vi
+did not permit the
+.LI <control-T>
+command to be used unless the cursor was at the first column of a new
+line or it was preceded only by autoindent characters.
+.CO Nvi
+permits it to be used at any time during insert mode.
+.KY <erase>
+.IP <erase>
+.KY <control-H>
+.Ip <control-H>
+Erase the last character.
+.KY "<literal next>"
+.IP "<literal next>"
+Quote the next character.
+The next character will not be mapped (see the
+.CO map
+command for more information)
+or interpreted specially.
+A carat
+.PQ ^
+character will be displayed immediately as a placeholder,
+but will be replaced by the next character.
+.KY <escape>
+.IP <escape>
+Resolve all text input into the file, and return to command mode.
+.KY "<line erase>"
+.IP "<line erase>"
+Erase the current line.
+.KY "<control-W>"
+.IP "<control-W>"
+.KY "<word erase>"
+.Ip "<word erase>"
+Erase the last word.
+The definition of word is dependent on the
+.OP altwerase
+and
+.OP ttywerase
+options.
+.KY "<control-X>"
+.IP "<control-X>[0-9A-Fa-f]*"
+Insert a character with the specified hexadecimal value into the text.
+.KY <interrupt>
+.IP "<interrupt>"
+Interrupt text input mode, returning to command mode.
+If the
+.LI <interrupt>
+character is used to interrupt inserting text into the file,
+it is as if the
+.LI <escape>
+character was used; all text input up to the interruption is
+resolved into the file.
diff --git a/usr.bin/vi/USD.doc/vi.ref/vi.ref b/usr.bin/vi/USD.doc/vi.ref/vi.ref
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..5058cc780dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/usr.bin/vi/USD.doc/vi.ref/vi.ref
@@ -0,0 +1,1270 @@
+.\" Copyright (c) 1994
+.\"     The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
+.\"
+.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+.\" are met:
+.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+.\"    must display the following acknowledgement:
+.\"	This product includes software developed by the University of
+.\"	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+.\"    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+.\"    without specific prior written permission.
+.\"
+.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
+.\"
+.\"     @(#)vi.ref	8.52 (Berkeley) 8/13/94
+.\"
+.\"
+.so ref.so
+.tp
+.(l C
+.ps 12
+.ft B
+Ex/Vi Reference Manual
+.ft
+.ps
+.sp
+.i "Keith Bostic"
+.sp
+Computer Science Division
+Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
+University of California, Berkeley
+Berkeley, California  94720
+.sp 1
+\*(td
+.sp 3
+.i Abstract
+.sp
+.)l
+.(q
+.pp
+This document is the reference guide for the 4.4BSD
+implementations of
+.EV nex nvi ,
+which are reimplementations of the historic Berkeley
+.EV ex vi
+editors.
+.)q
+.sp 3
+.(l C
+.i Acknowledgements
+.)l
+.sp
+.(q
+.pp
+Bruce Englar encouraged the early development of the historic
+.EV ex vi
+editor.
+Peter Kessler helped bring sanity to version 2's command layout.
+Bill Joy wrote versions 1 and 2.0 through 2.7,
+and created the framework that users see in the present editor.
+Mark Horton added macros and other features and made
+.EV ex vi
+work on a large number of terminals and Unix systems.
+.pp
+.CO Nvi
+is originally derived from software contributed to the University of
+California, Berkeley by Steve Kirkendall, the author of the
+.CO vi
+clone
+.CO elvis .
+.pp
+IEEE Standard Portable Operating System Interface for Computer
+Environments (POSIX) 1003.2 style Regular Expression support was
+done by Henry Spencer.
+.pp
+The curses library was originally done by Ken Arnold.
+Scrolling and reworking for
+.CO nvi
+was done by Elan Amir.
+.pp
+The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers has
+given us permission to reprint portions of their documentation.
+Portions of this document are reprinted and reproduced from
+IEEE Std 1003.2-1992, IEEE Standard Portable Operating
+System Interface for Computer Environments (POSIX),
+copyright 1992 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics
+Engineers, Inc.
+.pp
+The financial support of UUNET Communications Services is gratefully
+acknowledged.
+.)q
+.sy echo -n >index
+.oh 'Nvi/Nex Reference''USD:13-%'
+.eh 'USD:13-%''Nvi/Nex Reference'
+.bp 3
+.SH 1 Description
+.pp
+.CO Vi
+is a screen oriented text editor.
+.CO Ex
+is a line-oriented text editor.
+.CO Ex
+and
+.CO vi
+are different interfaces to the same program,
+and it is possible to switch back and forth during an edit session.
+.CO View
+is the equivalent of using the
+.b \-R
+(read-only) option of
+.CO vi .
+.pp
+This reference manual is the one provided with the
+.EV nex nvi
+versions of the
+.EV ex vi
+text editors.
+.EV Nex nvi
+are intended as bug-for-bug compatible replacements for the original
+Fourth Berkeley Software Distribution (4BSD)
+.EV ex vi
+programs.
+This reference manual is accompanied by a traditional-style manual page.
+That manual page describes the functionality found in
+.EV ex vi
+in far less detail than the description here.
+In addition, it describes the system interface to
+.EV ex vi ,
+e.g. command line options, session recovery, signals,
+environmental variables, and similar things.
+.pp
+This reference is intended for users already familiar with
+.EV ex vi .
+Anyone else should almost certainly read a good tutorial on the
+editor first.
+If you are in an unfamiliar environment,
+and you absolutely have to get work done immediately,
+see the section entitled
+.QB "Fast Startup"
+in the manual page.
+It is probably enough to get you started.
+.pp
+There are a few features in
+.EV nex nvi
+that are not found in historic versions of
+.EV ex vi .
+Some of the more interesting of those features are briefly described
+in the section entitled
+.QB "Additional Features"
+near the end of this document.
+For the rest of this document,
+.EV nex nvi
+is used only when it is necessary to distinguish it from the historic
+implementations of
+.EV ex vi .
+.pp
+Future versions of this software will be periodically made available
+by anonymous ftp, and can be retrieved from
+.LI ftp.cs.berkeley.edu ,
+in the directory
+.LI ucb/4bsd .
+.SH 1 "Startup Information"
+.pp
+.EV Ex vi
+interprets one of two possible environmental variables and reads up to
+three of five possible files during startup.
+The variables and files are expected to contain
+.CO ex
+commands, not
+.CO vi
+commands.
+In addition, they are interpreted
+.i before
+the file to be edited is read, and therefore many
+.CO ex
+commands may not be used.
+Generally, any command that requires output to the screen or that
+needs a file upon which to operate, will cause an error if included
+in a startup file or environmental variable.
+.pp
+Because the
+.CO ex
+command set supported by
+.EV nex nvi
+is a superset of the command set supported by most historical
+implementations of
+.CO ex ,
+.EV nex nvi
+can use the startup files created for the historical implementations,
+but the converse may not be true.
+.pp
+If the
+.b \-s
+(the historic \- option)
+is specified, or if standard input is redirected from a file,
+all environmental variables and startup files are ignored.
+.pp
+Otherwise, startup files and environmental variables are handled
+in the following order:
+.np
+The file
+.LI /etc/vi.exrc
+is read,
+as long as it is owned by root or the effective user ID of the user.
+.np
+The environmental variable
+.LI NEXINIT
+(or the variable
+.LI EXINIT ,
+if
+.LI NEXINIT
+is not set) is interpreted.
+.np
+If neither
+.LI NEXINIT
+or
+.LI EXINIT
+was set, and the
+.LI HOME
+environmental variable is set, the file
+.LI $HOME/.nexrc
+(or the file
+.LI $HOME/.exrc ,
+if
+.LI $HOME/.nexrc
+does not exist) is read,
+as long as the effective user ID of the user is root or is the same as
+the owner of the file.
+.np
+If the
+.OP exrc
+option was turned on by one of the previous startup information
+sources, the file
+.LI \&.nexrc
+(or the file
+.LI \&.exrc ,
+if
+.LI \&.nexrc
+does not exist) is read, as long as the effective user ID of the user
+is the same as the owner of the file.
+.pp
+No startup file is read if it is writable by anyone other than its owner.
+.pp
+It is not an error for any of the startup environmental variables or files
+not to exist.
+.pp
+Once all environmental variables are interpreted,
+and all startup files are read,
+the first file to be edited is read in (or a temporary file is created).
+Then, any commands specified using the
+.b \-c
+option are executed, in the context of that file.
+.SH 1 Recovery
+.pp
+There is no recovery program for
+.EV nex nvi ,
+nor does
+.EV nex nvi
+run setuid.
+Recovery files are created readable and writable by the owner only.
+Users may recover any file which they can read,
+and the superuser may recover any edit session.
+.pp
+Edit sessions are backed by files in the directory named by the
+.OP recdir
+option (the directory
+.LI /var/tmp/vi.recover
+by default), and are named
+.QC vi.XXXXXX ,
+where
+.QC XXXXXX
+is a number related to the process ID.
+When a file is first modified,
+a second recovery file containing an email message for the user is created,
+and is named
+.QC recover.XXXXXX ,
+where, again,
+.QC XXXXXX
+is associated with the process ID.
+Both files are removed at the end of a normal edit session,
+but will remain if the edit session is abnormally terminated
+or the user runs the
+.CO ex
+.CO preserve
+command.
+.pp
+The
+.OP recdir
+option may be set in either the user's or system's startup information,
+changing the recovery directory.
+(Note, however, that if a memory based file system is used as the backup
+directory, each system reboot will delete all of the recovery files!
+The same caution applies to directories such as
+.LI /tmp
+which are cleared of their contents by a system reboot, or
+.LI /usr/tmp
+which is periodically cleared of old files on many systems.)
+.pp
+The recovery directory should be owned by root, or at least by a pseudo-user.
+In addition, if directory
+.QQ sticky-bit
+semantics are available, the directory should have the sticky-bit
+set so that files may only be removed by their owners.
+The recovery directory must be read, write, and executable by any user,
+i.e. mode 1777.
+.pp
+If the recovery directory does not exist,
+.EV ex vi
+will attempt to create it.
+This can result in the recovery directory being owned by a normal user,
+which means that that user will be able to remove other user's recovery
+and backup files.
+This is annoying, but is not a security issue as the user cannot
+otherwise access or modify the files.
+.pp
+The recovery file has all of the necessary information in it to enable the
+user to recover the edit session.
+In addition, it has all of the necessary email headers for
+.XR sendmail 8 .
+When the system is rebooted, all of the files in
+.LI /var/tmp/vi.recover
+named
+.QC recover.XXXXXX
+should be sent to their owners, by email, using the
+.b \-t
+option of
+.CO sendmail
+(or a similar mechanism in other mailers).
+If
+.EV ex vi
+receives a hangup (SIGHUP) signal, or the user executes the
+.CO ex
+.CO preserve
+command,
+.EV ex vi
+will automatically email the recovery information to the user.
+.pp
+If your system does not have the
+.CO sendmail
+utility (or a mailer program which supports its interface)
+the source file
+.LI nvi/common/recover.c
+will have to be modified to use your local mail delivery programs.
+Note, if
+.EV nex nvi
+is changed to use another mailer,
+it is important to remember that the owner of the file given to
+the mailer is the
+.EV nex nvi
+user, so nothing in the file should be trusted as it may have been
+modified in an effort to compromise the system.
+.pp
+Finally, the owner execute bit is set on backup files when they are
+created, and unset when they are first modified, e.g. backup files
+that have no associated email recovery file will have this bit set.
+(There is also a small window where empty files can be created and
+not yet have this bit set.
+This is due to the method in which the files are created.)
+Such files should be deleted when the system reboots.
+.pp
+A simple way to do this cleanup is to insert the following Bourne
+shell script into your
+.LI /etc/rc.local
+(or other startup) file.
+The script should work with the historic Bourne shell,
+a POSIX 1003.2 shell or the Korn shell.
+(A copy of this script is included as
+.LI nvi/install/recover.script
+in the
+.EV nex nvi
+distribution.)
+.sp
+.(b
+.ft C
+.so ../../install/recover.script
+.ft R
+.)b
+.sp
+.pp
+If you are not using the default value for the
+.OP recdir
+option, be sure to substitute the value you're using for the
+.LI RECDIR
+value in the recovery script.
+.pp
+If the path of your system's
+.CO sendmail
+program (or whatever mailer you're using) is not
+.LI /usr/lib/sendmail ,
+be sure to substitute the correct pathname for the
+.LI SENDMAIL
+value in the recovery script.
+Consult the manual page for details on recovering preserved or
+aborted editing sessions.
+.SH 1 "Sizing the Screen"
+.pp
+The size of the screen can be set in a number of ways.
+.EV Ex vi
+takes the following steps until values are obtained for both the
+number of rows and number of columns in the screen.
+.np
+If the environmental variable
+.LI LINES
+exists,
+it is used to specify the number of rows in the screen.
+.np
+If the environmental variable
+.LI COLUMNS
+exists,
+it is used to specify the number of columns in the screen.
+.np
+The TIOCGWINSZ
+.XR ioctl 2
+is attempted on the standard error file descriptor.
+.np
+The termcap entry (or terminfo entry on System V machines)
+is checked for the
+.QQ li
+entry (rows) and the
+.QQ co
+entry (columns).
+.np
+The number of rows is set to 24, and the number of columns is set to 80.
+.pp
+If a window change size signal (SIGWINCH) is received,
+the new window size is retrieved using the TIOCGWINSZ
+.XR ioctl 2
+call, and all other information is ignored.
+.SH 1 "Character Display"
+.pp
+In both
+.CO ex
+and
+.CO vi
+printable characters as defined by
+.XR isprint 3
+are displayed using the local character set.
+.pp
+Non-printable characters, for which
+.XR iscntrl 3
+returns true, and which are less than octal \e076,
+are displayed as the string
+.QT ^<character> ,
+where
+.LI <character>
+is the character that is the original character's value offset from the
+.QT @
+character.
+For example, the octal character \e001 is displayed as
+.QT ^A .
+If
+.XR iscntrl 3
+returns true for the octal character \e177,
+it is displayed as the string
+.QT ^? .
+All other characters are displayed as either hexadecimal values,
+in the form
+.QT "0x<high-halfbyte> ... 0x<low-halfbyte>" ,
+or as octal values, in the form
+.QT "\e<high-one-or-two-bits> ... \e<low-three-bits>" .
+The display of unknown characters is based on the value of the
+.OP octal
+option.
+.pp
+In
+.CO vi
+command mode, the cursor is always positioned on the last column of
+characters which take up more than one column on the screen.
+In
+.CO vi
+text input mode, the cursor is positioned on the first column of
+characters which take up more than one column on the screen.
+.SH 1 "Multiple Screens"
+.pp
+.CO Nvi
+supports multiple screens by dividing the window into regions.
+It also supports stacks of screens by permitting the user to change
+the set of screens that are currently displayed.
+.pp
+The command
+.CO split
+divides the current screen into two regions of approximately equal
+size.
+If a list of files are specified as arguments to the
+.CO split
+command, the list of files to be edited is initialized as if the
+.CO next
+command had been used.
+If no files are specified, the new screen will begin by editing the same
+file as the previous screen.
+.pp
+When more than one screen is editing a file, changes in any screen are
+reflected in all other screens editing the same file.
+Exiting any screen without saving any changes (or explicitly discarding
+them) is permitted until the last screen editing the file is exited.
+.pp
+The
+.CO resize
+command permits resizing of individual screens.
+Screens may be grown, shrunk or set to an absolute number of rows.
+.pp
+The
+.CO ^W
+command is used to switch between screens.
+Each
+.CO ^W
+moves to the next lower screen in the window, or to the first screen
+in the window if there are no lower screens.
+.pp
+The
+.CO bg
+command
+.QQ backgrounds
+the current screen.
+The screen disappears from the window,
+and the rows it occupied are taken over by a neighboring screen.
+It is an error to attempt to background the only screen in the window.
+.pp
+The
+.CO "display screens"
+command displays the names of the files associated with the current
+backgrounded screens in the window.
+.pp
+The
+.CO "fg [file]"
+command
+.QQ foregrounds
+the first screen in the list of backgrounded screens that is
+associated with its argument.
+If no file argument is specified, the first screen on the list is
+foregrounded.
+Foregrounding consists of backgrounding the current screen,
+and replacing its space in the window with the foregrounded screen.
+.pp
+If the last screen in the window is exited, and there are backgrounded
+screens, the first screen on the list of backgrounded screens takes over
+the window.
+.SH 1 "Regular Expressions and Replacement Strings"
+.pp
+Regular expressions are used in line addresses,
+as the first part of the
+.CO ex
+.CO substitute ,
+.CO global ,
+and
+.CO vglobal
+commands, and in search patterns.
+.pp
+The regular expressions supported by
+.EV ex vi
+are, by default, the Basic Regular Expressions (BRE's) described in the
+IEEE POSIX Standard 1003.2.
+The
+.OP extended
+option causes all regular expressions to be interpreted as the Extended
+Regular Expressions (ERE's) described by the same standard.
+(See
+.XR re_format 7
+for more information.)
+Generally speaking, BRE's are the Regular Expressions found in
+.XR ed 1
+and
+.XR grep 1 ,
+and ERE's are the Regular Expressions found in
+.XR egrep 1 .
+.pp
+The following is not intended to provide a description of Regular
+Expressions.
+The information here only describes strings and characters which
+have special meanings in the
+.EV ex vi
+version of RE's,
+or options which change the meanings of characters that normally
+have special meanings in RE's.
+.np
+An empty RE (e.g.
+.QT //
+or
+.QT ??
+is equivalent to the last RE used.
+.np
+The construct
+.QT \e<
+matches the beginning of a word.
+.np
+The construct
+.QT \e>
+matches the end of a word.
+.np
+The character
+.QT ~
+matches the replacement part of the last
+.CO substitute
+command.
+.pp
+When the
+.OP magic
+option is
+.i not
+set, the only characters with special meanings are a
+.QT ^
+character at the beginning of an RE, a
+.QT $
+character at the end of an RE, and the escaping character
+.QT \e .
+The characters
+.QT \&. ,
+.QT * ,
+.QT [
+and
+.QT ~
+are treated as ordinary characters unless preceded by a
+.QT \e ;
+when preceded by a
+.QT \e
+they regain their special meaning.
+.pp
+Replacement strings are the second part of a
+.CO substitute
+command.
+.pp
+The character
+.QT &
+(or
+.QT \e&
+if the
+.OP magic
+option is
+.i not
+set) in the replacement string stands for the text matched by the RE
+that is being replaced.
+The character
+.QT ~
+(or
+.QT \e~
+if the
+.OP magic
+option is
+.i not
+set) stands for the replacement part of the previous
+.CO substitute
+command.
+It is only valid after a
+.CO substitute
+command has been performed.
+.pp
+The string
+.QT \e# ,
+where
+.QT #
+is an integer value from 1 to 9, stands for the text matched by
+the portion of the RE enclosed in the
+.QT # 'th
+set of escaped parentheses, e.g.
+.QT \e(
+and
+.QT \e) .
+For example,
+.QT "s/abc\e(.*\e)def/\e1/"
+deletes the strings
+.QT abc
+and
+.QT def
+from the matched pattern.
+.pp
+The strings
+.QT \el ,
+.QT \eu ,
+.QT \eL
+and
+.QT \eU
+can be used to modify the case of elements in the replacement string.
+The string
+.QT \el
+causes the next character to be converted to lowercase;
+the string
+.QT \eu
+behaves similarly, but converts to uppercase
+(e.g.
+.LI s/abc/\eU&/
+replaces the string
+.LI abc
+with
+.LI ABC ).
+The strings
+.QT \eL
+causes characters up to the end of the string or the next occurrence
+of the strings
+.QT \ee
+or
+.QT \eE
+to be converted to lowercase;
+the string
+.QT \eU
+behaves similarly, but converts to uppercase.
+.pp
+If the entire replacement pattern is
+.QT % ,
+then the last replacement pattern is used again.
+.pp
+In
+.CO vi ,
+inserting a
+.LI <control-M>
+into the replacement string will cause
+the matched line to be split into two lines at that point.
+(The
+.LI <control-M>
+will be discarded.)
+.SH 1 "General Editor Description"
+.pp
+When
+.CO ex
+or
+.CO vi
+are executed,
+the text of a file is read (or a temporary file is created),
+and then all editing changes happen within the context of the
+copy of the file.
+.i "No changes affect the actual file until the file is written out" ,
+either using a write command or another command which is affected by the
+.OP autowrite
+option.
+.pp
+All files are locked (using the
+.XR flock 2
+or
+.XR fcntl 2
+interfaces) during the edit session,
+to avoid inadvertently making modifications to multiple copies of the file.
+If a lock cannot be obtained for a file because it is locked by another
+process, the edit session is read-only (as if the
+.OP readonly
+option or the
+.b \-R
+flag had been specified).
+If a lock cannot be obtained for other reasons, the edit session will
+continue, but the file status information
+(see the
+.CO <control-G>
+command) will reflect this fact.
+.pp
+Both
+.CO ex
+and
+.CO vi
+are modeful editors, i.e. they have two modes,
+.QQ command
+mode and
+.QQ "text input"
+mode.
+The former is intended to permit you to enter commands which modifies
+already existing text.
+The latter is intended to permit you to enter new text.
+When
+.CO ex
+first starts running, it is in command mode, and usually displays a prompt
+(see the
+.OP prompt
+option for more information).
+The prompt is a single colon
+.PQ :
+character.
+There are three commands that switch
+.CO ex
+into text input mode:
+.CO append ,
+.CO change
+and
+.CO insert .
+Once in input mode, entering a line containing only a single period
+.PQ \&.
+terminates text input mode and returns to command mode,
+where the prompt is redisplayed.
+.pp
+When
+.CO vi
+first starts running, it is in command mode as well.
+There are eleven commands that switch
+.CO vi
+into text input mode:
+.CO A ,
+.CO a ,
+.CO C ,
+.CO c ,
+.CO I ,
+.CO i ,
+.CO O ,
+.CO o ,
+.CO R ,
+.CO S
+and
+.CO s .
+Once in input mode, entering an
+.LI <escape>
+character terminates text input mode and returns to command mode.
+.pp
+The following words have special meanings in both the
+.CO ex
+and
+.CO vi
+command descriptions:
+.KY <interrupt>
+.IP <interrupt>
+The interrupt character is used to interrupt the current operation.
+Normally
+.LI <control-C> ,
+whatever character is set for the current terminal is used.
+.KY "<literal next>"
+.IP "<literal next>"
+The literal next character is used to escape the subsequent character
+from any special meaning.
+This character is always
+.LI <control-V> .
+If the terminal is not set up to do XON/XOFF flow control,
+then
+.LI <control-Q>
+is used to mean literal next as well.
+.KY "current pathname"
+.IP "current pathname"
+The pathname of the file currently being edited by vi.
+When the percent character
+.PQ %
+appears in a file name entered as part of an
+.CO ex
+command argument, it is replaced by the current pathname.
+(The
+.QT %
+character can be escaped by preceding it with a backslash.)
+.KY "alternate pathname"
+.IP "alternate pathname"
+The name of the last file name mentioned in an
+.CO ex
+command, or,
+the previous current pathname if the last file mentioned
+becomes the current file.
+When the hash mark character
+.PQ #
+appears in a file name entered as part of an
+.CO ex
+command argument, it is replaced by the alternate pathname.
+(The
+.QT #
+character can be escaped by preceding it with a backslash.)
+.KY buffer
+.IP buffer
+One of a number of named areas for saving copies of text.
+Commands that change or delete text can save the changed or deleted
+text into a specific buffer, for later use, if the command allows
+it (i.e. the
+.CO ex
+.CO change
+command cannot save the changed text in a named buffer).
+Buffers are named with a single character, preceded by a double quote,
+e.g.
+.LI """<character>" .
+Historic implementations of
+.EV ex vi
+limited
+.LI <character>
+to the alphanumeric characters;
+.EV nex nvi
+permits the use of any character.
+.sp
+Buffers named by uppercase characters are the same as buffers
+named by lowercase characters, e.g. the buffer named by the
+English character
+.QT A
+is the same as the buffer named by the character
+.QT a ,
+with the exception that, if the buffer contents are being changed (as
+with a text deletion or
+.CO vi
+.CO change
+command), the text is
+.i appended
+to the buffer, instead of replacing the current contents.
+.sp
+The buffers named by the numeric characters (in English,
+.QT 1
+through
+.QT 9 ),
+are special, in that if at least one line is changed or deleted in
+the file,
+(or a command changes or deletes a region that crosses a line boundary)
+a copy of the text is placed into the numeric buffer
+.QT 1 ,
+regardless of the user specifying another buffer in which to save it.
+Before this copy is done, the previous contents of buffer
+.QT 1
+are moved into buffer
+.QT 2 ,
+.QT 2
+into buffer
+.QT 3 ,
+and so on.
+The contents of buffer
+.QT 9
+are discarded.
+In
+.CO vi ,
+text may be explicitly stored into the numeric buffers.
+In this case, the buffer rotation described above occurs before the
+replacement of the buffer's contents.
+(Text cannot be explicitly stored into the numeric buffers in
+.CO ex
+because of ambiguities that this would cause in the
+.CO ex
+command syntax.)
+.sp
+When a
+.CO vi
+command synopsis shows both a
+.LI [buffer]
+and a
+.LI [count] ,
+they may be presented in any order.
+.sp
+Finally, all buffers are either
+.QQ line
+or
+.QQ character
+oriented.
+All
+.CO ex
+commands which store text into buffers are line oriented.
+Some
+.CO vi
+commands which store text into buffers are line oriented,
+and some are character oriented; the description for each applicable
+.CO vi
+command notes whether text copied into buffers using the command
+is line or character oriented.
+In addition, the
+.CO vi
+command
+.CO "display buffers"
+displays the current orientation for each buffer.
+Generally, the only importance attached to this orientation is that
+if the buffer is subsequently inserted into the text, line oriented
+buffers create new lines for each of the lines they contain, and
+character oriented buffers create new lines for any lines
+.i other
+than the first and last lines they contain.
+The first and last lines are inserted into the text at the current
+cursor position, becoming part of the current line.
+If there is more than one line in the buffer, however, the current
+line itself will be split.
+.KY "unnamed buffer"
+.IP "unnamed buffer"
+The unnamed buffer is a text storage area which is used by commands
+that take a buffer as an argument, when no buffer is specified by
+the user.
+There is no way to explicitly reference this buffer.
+.oh 'Nvi/Nex Reference (Vi Commands)''USD:13-%'
+.eh 'USD:13-%''Nvi/Nex Reference (Vi Commands)'
+.so vi.cmd.roff
+.oh 'Nvi/Nex Reference''USD:13-%'
+.eh 'USD:13-%''Nvi/Nex Reference'
+.SH 1 "Ex Addressing"
+.pp
+Addressing in
+.CO ex
+(and when
+.CO ex
+commands are executed from
+.CO vi )
+relates to the current line.
+In general, the current line is the last line affected by a command.
+The exact effect on the current line is discussed under the description
+of each command.
+When the file contains no lines, the current line is zero.
+.pp
+Addresses are constructed by one or more of the following methods:
+.np
+The address
+.QT \&.
+refers to the current line.
+.np
+The address
+.QT $
+refers to the last line of the file.
+.np
+The address
+.QT N ,
+where
+.LI N
+is a positive number, refers to the N-th line of the file.
+.np
+The address
+.QT '<character>
+or
+.QT `<character>
+refers to the line marked with the name
+.LI <character> .
+(See the
+.CO k
+or
+.CO m
+commands for more information on how to mark lines.)
+.np
+A regular expression (RE) enclosed by slashes
+.PQ /
+is an address,
+and it refers to the first line found by searching forward from the line
+.i after
+the current line toward the end of the file, and stopping at the
+first line containing a string matching the RE.
+(The trailing slash can be omitted at the end of the command line.)
+.sp
+If no RE is specified, i.e. the pattern is
+.QT // ,
+the last RE used in any command is used in the search.
+.sp
+If the
+.OP extended
+option is set, the RE is handled as an extended RE, not a basic RE.
+If the
+.OP wrapscan
+option is set, the search wraps around to the beginning of the file
+and continues up to and including the current line, so that the entire
+file is searched.
+.sp
+The form
+.QT \e/
+is accepted for historic reasons,
+and is identical to
+.QT // .
+.np
+An RE enclosed in question marks
+.PQ ?
+addresses the first line found by searching backward from the line
+.i preceding
+the current line, toward the beginning of the file and stopping at the
+first line containing a string matching the RE.
+(The trailing question mark can be omitted at the end of a command line.)
+.sp
+If no RE is specified, i.e. the pattern is
+.QT ?? ,
+the last RE used in any command is used in the search.
+.sp
+If the
+.OP extended
+option is set, the RE is handled as an extended RE, not a basic RE.
+If the
+.OP wrapscan
+option is set, the search  wraps around from the beginning of the file to
+the end of the file and continues up to and including the current line,
+so that the entire file is searched.
+.sp
+The form
+.QT \e?
+is accepted for historic reasons, and is identical to
+.QT ?? .
+.np
+An address followed by a plus sign
+.PQ +
+or a minus sign
+.PQ -
+followed by a number is an offset address and refers to the address
+plus (or minus) the indicated number of lines.
+If the address is omitted, the addition or subtraction is done with
+respect to the current line.
+.np
+An address of
+.QT +
+or
+.QT \-
+followed by a number is an offset from the current line.
+For example,
+.QT \-5
+is the same as
+.QT \&.\-5 .
+.np
+An address ending with
+.QT +
+or
+.QT -
+has 1 added to or subtracted from the address, respectively.
+As a consequence of this rule and of the previous rule, the address
+.QT \-
+refers to the line preceding the current line.
+Moreover, trailing
+.QT +
+and
+.QT \-
+characters have a cumulative effect.
+For example,
+.QT ++\-++
+refers to the current line plus 3.
+.np
+A percent sign
+.PQ %
+is equivalent to the address range
+.QT 1,$ .
+.pp
+.CO Ex
+commands require zero, one, or two addresses.
+It is an error to specify an address to a command which requires zero
+addresses.
+.pp
+If the user provides more than the expected number of addresses to any
+.CO ex
+command, the first addresses specified are discarded.
+For example,
+.QT 1,2,3,5 print
+prints lines 3 through 5, because the
+.CO print
+command only takes two addresses.
+.pp
+The addresses in a range are separated from each other by a comma
+.PQ ,
+or a semicolon
+.PQ ; .
+In the latter case, the current line
+.PQ \&.
+is set to the first address, and only then is the second address calculated.
+This feature can be used to determine the starting line for forward and
+backward searches (see rules (5) and (6) above).
+The second address of any two-address sequence corresponds to a line that
+follows, in the file, the line corresponding to the first address.
+The first address must be less than or equal to the second address.
+The first address must be greater than or equal to the first line of the
+file, and the last address must be less than or equal to the last line
+of the file.
+.oh 'Nvi/Nex Reference (Ex Commands)''USD:13-%'
+.eh 'USD:13-%''Nvi/Nex Reference (Ex Commands)'
+.so ex.cmd.roff
+.oh 'Nvi/Nex Reference''USD:13-%'
+.eh 'USD:13-%''Nvi/Nex Reference'
+.so set.opt.roff
+.SH 1 "Additional Features in Nex/Nvi"
+.pp
+There are a few features in
+.EV nex nvi
+that are not found in historic versions of
+.EV ex vi .
+Some of the more interesting of those features are as follows:
+.IP "8-bit clean data, large lines, files"
+.EV Nex nvi
+will edit any format file.
+Line lengths are limited by available memory,
+and file sizes are limited by available disk space.
+The
+.CO vi
+text input mode command
+.CO <control-X>
+can insert any possible character value into the text.
+.IP "Split screens"
+The
+.CO split
+command divides the screen into multiple editing regions.
+The
+.CO <control-W>
+command rotates between the foreground screens.
+The
+.CO resize
+command can be used to grow or shrink a particular screen.
+.IP "Background and foreground screens"
+The
+.CO bg
+command backgrounds the current screen, and the
+.CO fg
+command foregrounds backgrounded screens.
+The
+.CO display
+command can be used to list the background screens.
+.\".IP "Shell screens"
+.\"The
+.\".CO ":sc[ript] [file ...]"
+.\"command runs a shell in the screen.
+.\"Editing is unchanged, with the exception that a \fC<carriage-return>\fP
+.\"enters the current line (stripped of any prompt) as input to the
+.\"shell.
+.IP "Tag stacks"
+Tags are now maintained in a stack.
+The
+.CO <control-T>
+command returns to the previous tag location.
+The
+.CO tagpop
+command returns to the most recent tag location by default, or,
+optionally to a specific tag number in the tag stack,
+or the most recent tag from a specified file.
+The
+.CO display
+command can be used to list the tags stack.
+The
+.CO tagtop
+command returns to the top of the tag stack.
+.IP "New displays"
+The
+.CO display
+command can be used to display the current buffers, the backgrounded
+screens, and the tags stack.
+.IP "Infinite undo"
+Changes made during an edit session may be rolled backward and forward.
+A
+.CO \&.
+command immediately after a
+.CO u
+command continues either forward or backward depending on whether the
+.CO u
+command was an undo or a redo.
+.IP "Usage information"
+The
+.CO exusage
+and
+.CO viusage
+commands provide usage information for all of the
+.CO ex
+and
+.CO vi
+commands by default, or, optionally, for a specific command or key.
+.IP "Extended Regular Expressions"
+The
+.CO extended
+option causes Regular Expressions to be interpreted as as Extended
+Regular Expressions, (i.e. \fIegrep\fP(1) style Regular Expressions).
+.IP "Word search"
+The
+.CO <control-A>
+command searches for the word referenced by the cursor.
+.IP "Number increment"
+The
+.CO \&#
+command increments or decrements the number referenced by the cursor.
+.IP "Previous file"
+The
+.CO previous
+command edits the previous file from the argument list.
+.IP "Left-right scrolling"
+The
+.CO leftright
+option causes
+.CO nvi
+to do left-right screen scrolling, instead of the traditional
+.CO vi
+line wrapping.
+.bp
+.SH 1 Index
+.lp
+.2c +0.5i 3
+.ta \n($luR
+.nf
+.so index.so
+.fi
+.bp 2
+.1c
+.ce 1
+\fB\s+2Table of Contents\s0\fP
+.sp
+.xp