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-(`parent zone')-.74 F .55(', which should be matched by equi)-.74 F -.25
-(va)-.25 G(lent).25 E F3(NS)3.05 E F2 .55(records at the root of the)
-3.05 F -.74(``)87 252.6 S(dele).74 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(ted zone').05 E 2.5
-('\()-.74 G(i.e., the `)-2.5 E(`@')-.74 E 2.5('n)-.74 G
-(ame in the zone \214le\).)-2.5 E .779(Understanding the dif)112 268.8 R
-.779(ference between a `)-.25 F(`zone')-.74 E 3.279('a)-.74 G .779
-(nd a `)-3.279 F(`domain')-.74 E 3.278('i)-.74 G 3.278(sc)-3.278 G .778
-(rucial to the proper opera-)-3.278 F .76(tion of a name serv)87 280.8 R
-(er)-.15 E 5.76(.A)-.55 G 3.26(sa)-5.76 G 3.26(ne)-3.26 G .76
-(xample, consider the)-3.41 F/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(DEC.COM)3.261 E F3
-(domain)3.261 E F2 3.261(,w)C .761(hich includes names such as)-3.261 F
-F4(POBO)87 292.8 Q(X1.P)-.36 E(A.DEC.COM)-.828 E F2(and)4.447 E F4 -.09
-(QU)4.447 G(ABBIN.CRL.DEC.COM)-.27 E F2 -2.15 -.25(ev e)4.447 H 4.447
-(nt).25 G 1.947(hough the)-4.447 F F4(DEC.COM)4.446 E F3(zone)4.446 E F2
-1.946(includes only)4.446 F F3(dele)87 304.8 Q(gations)-.4 E F2 2.427
-(for the)4.926 F F4 -.828(PA)4.927 G(.DEC.COM).828 E F2(and)4.927 E F4
-(CRL.DEC.COM)4.927 E F2 4.927(zones. A)4.927 F 2.427(zone can map e)
-4.927 F 2.427(xactly to a single)-.15 F 1.233(domain, b)87 316.8 R 1.232
-(ut could also include only part of a domain \(the rest of which could \
-be dele)-.2 F -.05(ga)-.15 G 1.232(ted to other).05 F .628(name serv)87
-328.8 R 3.128(ers\). T)-.15 F .628(echnically speaking, e)-.7 F -.15(ve)
--.25 G .629(ry name in the DNS tree is a `).15 F(`domain')-.74 E .629
-(', e)-.74 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.129(ni).15 G 3.129(fi)-3.129 G 3.129(ti)
--3.129 G 3.129(s`)-3.129 G(`termi-)-3.869 E(nal')87 340.8 Q 1.545
-(', that is, has no `)-.74 F(`subdomains')-.74 E 4.044('. T)-.74 F 1.544
-(echnically speaking, e)-.7 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.544
-(ry subdomain is a domain and e).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ry).15 E .302
-(domain e)87 352.8 R .302(xcept the root is also a subdomain.)-.15 F
-.302(The terminology is not intuiti)5.302 F .602 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .302
-(nd you w).15 F .303(ould do well to)-.1 F(read RFC')87 364.8 Q 2.5(s1)
--.55 G(033, 1034, and 1035 to g)-2.5 E
-(ain a complete understanding of this dif)-.05 E
-(\214cult and subtle topic.)-.25 E(Though)112 381 Q F4(BIND)3.284 E F2
-.784(is a)3.284 F F3(Domain)3.284 E F2 .784(Name Serv)3.284 F(er)-.15 E
-3.284(,i)-.4 G 3.284(td)-3.284 G .784(eals primarily in terms of)-3.284
-F F3(zones)3.284 E F2 5.784(.T)C(he)-5.784 E F3(primary)3.284 E F2(and)
-3.284 E F3(secondary)87 393 Q F2 .98(declarations in the)3.48 F F3
-(named.boot)3.48 E F2 .98(\214le specify)3.48 F F3(zones)3.48 E F2 3.48
-(,n)C(ot)-3.48 E F3(domains)3.48 E F2 5.98(.W)C .98
-(hen you ask someone if)-5.98 F(the)87 405 Q 2.742(ya)-.15 G .241
-(re willing to be a secondary serv)-2.742 F .241(er for your `)-.15 F
-(`domain')-.74 E .241(', you are actually asking for secondary ser)-.74
-F(-)-.2 E(vice for some collection of)87 417 Q F3(zones)2.5 E F2(.)A
-.964(Each zone will ha)112 433.2 R 1.264 -.15(ve o)-.2 H .964(ne `).15 F
-(`primary')-.74 E 3.465('s)-.74 G(erv)-3.465 E(er)-.15 E 3.465(,w)-.4 G
-.965(hich loads the zone contents from some local \214le)-3.465 F 1.786
-(which is edited by humans or perhaps generated mechanically from some \
-other local \214le which is)87 445.2 R .458(edited by humans.)87 457.2 R
-.459(Then there will be some number of `)5.458 F(`secondary')-.74 E
-2.959('s)-.74 G(erv)-2.959 E .459(ers, which load the zone con-)-.15 F
-1.187(tents using the)87 469.2 R F4(IP/DNS)3.687 E F2 1.187
-(protocol \(that is, the secondary serv)3.687 F 1.186
-(ers will contact the primary and fetch the)-.15 F .597(zone using)87
-481.2 R F4(IP/TCP)3.097 E F2 3.097(\). This)B .598(set of serv)3.098 F
-.598
-(ers \(the primary and all of the secondaries\) should be listed in the)
--.15 F F3(NS)87 493.2 Q F2 .883
-(records in the parent zone, which will constitute a `)3.383 F(`dele)
--.74 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(tion').05 E 3.383('. This)-.74 F .883(set of serv)
-3.383 F .883(ers must also be)-.15 F .471
-(listed in the zone \214le itself, usually under the `)87 505.2 R(`@')
--.74 E 2.972('n)-.74 G .472
-(ame which is a magic cookie that means the `)-2.972 F(`top)-.74 E(le)87
-517.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(l').15 E 3.043('o)-.74 G 3.043(r`)-3.043 G
-(`root')-3.783 E 3.043('o)-.74 G 3.043(fc)-3.043 G .543(urrent zone.)
--3.043 F -1.1(Yo)5.543 G 3.043(uc)1.1 G .543(an list serv)-3.043 F .543
-(ers in the zone')-.15 F 3.043(st)-.55 G(op-le)-3.043 E -.15(ve)-.25 G
-3.043(l`).15 G(`@')-3.783 E(')-.74 E F3(NS)3.042 E F2 .542
-(records that are)3.042 F .448(not in the parent')87 529.2 R(s)-.55 E F3
-(NS)2.949 E F2(dele)2.949 E -.05(ga)-.15 G .449(tion, b).05 F .449
-(ut you cannot list serv)-.2 F .449(ers in the parent')-.15 F 2.949(sd)
--.55 G(ele)-2.949 E -.05(ga)-.15 G .449(tion that are not pre-).05 F .15
-(sent in the zone')87 541.2 R 2.65(s`)-.55 G(`@')-3.39 E 2.65('. An)-.74
-F 2.65(ys)-.15 G(erv)-2.65 E .149(ers listed in the)-.15 F F3(NS)2.649 E
-F2 .149(records must be con\214gured as authoritati)2.649 F .449 -.15
-(ve \()-.25 H(either).15 E .343(primary or secondary\) for the zone.)87
-553.2 R .343(If a serv)5.343 F .343(er listed in a)-.15 F F3(NS)2.843 E
-F2 .343(record is not authoritati)2.843 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.844(,i).15 G
-2.844(tw)-2.844 G .344(ill respond)-2.844 F(with a `)87 565.2 Q
-(`lame dele)-.74 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(tion').05 E 2.5('w)-.74 G
-(hen queried.)-2.5 E F0 2.5(5. T)72 601.2 R(ypes of Ser)-.74 E -.1(ve)
--.1 G(rs).1 E F2(Serv)112 617.4 Q .692(ers do not really ha)-.15 F .991
--.15(ve `)-.2 H(`types')-.59 E 3.191('. A)-.74 F(serv)3.191 E .691
-(er can be a primary for some zones and a secondary)-.15 F 1.015
-(for others, or it can be only a primary)87 629.4 R 3.515(,o)-.65 G
-3.515(ro)-3.515 G 1.015(nly a secondary)-3.515 F 3.515(,o)-.65 G 3.515
-(ri)-3.515 G 3.515(tc)-3.515 G 1.015(an serv)-3.515 F 3.516(en)-.15 G
-3.516(oz)-3.516 G 1.016(ones and just answer)-3.516 F 2.346
-(queries via its `)87 641.4 R(`cache')-.74 E 4.846('. Pre)-.74 F 2.346
-(vious v)-.25 F 2.346(ersions of this document referred to serv)-.15 F
-2.345(ers as `)-.15 F(`master')-.74 E 4.845('a)-.74 G(nd)-4.845 E -.74
-(``)87 653.4 S(sla).74 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 1.868 -.74('' b).15 H .388
-(ut we no).54 F 2.888(wf)-.25 G .388
-(eel that those distinctions \212 and the assignment of a `)-2.888 F
-(`type')-.74 E 2.889('t)-.74 G 2.889(oan)-2.889 G .389(ame serv)-2.889 F
-.389(er \212)-.15 F(are not useful.)87 665.4 Q F0 2.5(5.1. Caching)87
-689.4 R(Only Ser)2.5 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(r).1 E F2 1.65(All serv)127 705.6 R
-1.65(ers are caching serv)-.15 F 4.149(ers. This)-.15 F 1.649
-(means that the serv)4.149 F 1.649(er caches the information that it)
--.15 F(recei)102 717.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.53(sf).15 G .03
-(or use until the data e)-2.53 F 2.53(xpires. A)-.15 F F3(Cac)2.53 E
-.031(hing Only Server)-.15 F F2 .031(is a serv)2.531 F .031
-(er that is not authoritati)-.15 F .331 -.15(ve f)-.25 H(or).15 E EP
-%%Page: 4 4
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-/F0 10/Times-Bold@0 SF 208.87(SMM:10-4 Name)72 60 R(Ser)2.5 E -.1(ve)-.1
-G 2.5(rO).1 G(perations Guide f)-2.5 E(or)-.25 E/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF
-(BIND)2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(an)102 96 Q 2.839(yz)-.15 G 2.839
-(one. This)-2.839 F(serv)2.839 E .339
-(er services queries and asks other serv)-.15 F .339(ers, who ha)-.15 F
-.639 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .338(he authority).15 F 2.838(,f)-.65 G .338
-(or the infor)-2.838 F(-)-.2 E .634(mation needed.)102 108 R .634
-(All serv)5.634 F .634(ers k)-.15 F .635
-(eep data in their cache until the data e)-.1 F .635(xpires, based on a)
--.15 F/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(TTL)3.135 E F2(\(`)3.135 E(`T)-.74 E(ime)
--.35 E 1.6 -.8(To L)102 120 T -2.15 -.25(iv e).8 H -.74('').25 G 2.5
-<298c>.74 G(eld which is maintained for all resource records.)-2.5 E F0
-2.5(5.2. Remote)87 144 R(Ser)2.5 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(r).1 E F2 2.695(AR)127
-160.2 S .195(emote Serv)-2.695 F .195(er is an option gi)-.15 F -.15(ve)
--.25 G 2.695(nt).15 G 2.695(op)-2.695 G .195(eople who w)-2.695 F .195
-(ould lik)-.1 F 2.695(et)-.1 G 2.695(ou)-2.695 G .195(se a name serv)
--2.695 F .195(er from their)-.15 F -.1(wo)102 172.2 S 1.73(rkstation or\
- on a machine that has a limited amount of memory and CPU c).1 F 4.23
-(ycles. W)-.15 F 1.73(ith this)-.4 F .162
-(option you can run all of the netw)102 184.2 R .162
-(orking programs that use the name serv)-.1 F .161
-(er without the name serv)-.15 F(er)-.15 E .802
-(running on the local machine.)102 196.2 R .803
-(All of the queries are serviced by a name serv)5.803 F .803
-(er that is running on)-.15 F .198(another machine on the netw)102 208.2
-R 2.698(ork. A)-.1 F .198(host which has an)2.698 F F3(/etc/r)2.698 E
-(esolv)-.37 E(.conf)-.74 E F2 .198(\214le listing only remote hosts,)
-2.698 F .223(and which does not run a name serv)102 220.2 R .223
-(er of its o)-.15 F .224(wn, is sometimes called a Remote Serv)-.25 F
-.224(er \(because the)-.15 F .316(actual serv)102 232.2 R .316
-(er is remote?\) b)-.15 F .316
-(ut more often it is called simply a DNS Client.)-.2 F .315
-(This kind of host is tech-)5.316 F(nically not a `)102 244.2 Q(`serv)
--.74 E(er')-.15 E(', since it has no cache and does not answer queries.)
--.74 E F0 2.5(5.3. Sla)87 268.2 R .2 -.1(ve S)-.25 H(er).1 E -.1(ve)-.1
-G(r).1 E F2 3.234(AS)127 284.4 S(la)-3.234 E 1.034 -.15(ve S)-.2 H(erv)
-.15 E .734(er is a serv)-.15 F .734(er that al)-.15 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .734
-(ys forw).1 F .734(ards queries it cannot satisfy from its cache, to a)
--.1 F<8c78>102 296.4 Q .909(ed list of)-.15 F F3(forwar)3.409 E(ding)
--.37 E F2(serv)3.409 E .909
-(ers instead of interacting with the name serv)-.15 F .908
-(ers for the root and other)-.15 F 3.308(domains. The)102 308.4 R .808
-(queries to the)3.308 F F3(forwar)3.308 E .808(ding server)-.37 F(s)-.1
-E F2 .808(are recursi)3.308 F 1.108 -.15(ve q)-.25 H 3.308
-(ueries. There).15 F .808(may be one or more)3.308 F(forw)102 320.4 Q
-.215(arding serv)-.1 F .215(ers, and the)-.15 F 2.714(ya)-.15 G .214
-(re tried in turn until the list is e)-2.714 F 2.714(xhausted. A)-.15 F
-(Sla)2.714 E .514 -.15(ve a)-.2 H .214(nd forw).15 F .214(arder con-)-.1
-F .618(\214guration is typically used when you do not wish all the serv)
-102 332.4 R .619(ers at a gi)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.119(ns).15 G .619
-(ite to interact with the)-3.119 F 2.008(rest of the Internet serv)102
-344.4 R 4.508(ers. A)-.15 F 2.008(typical scenario w)4.508 F 2.008
-(ould in)-.1 F -.2(vo)-.4 G(lv).2 E 4.508(ean)-.15 G 2.008(umber of w)
--4.508 F 2.008(orkstations and a)-.1 F .033
-(departmental timesharing machine with Internet access.)102 356.4 R .033
-(The w)5.033 F .033(orkstations might be administrati)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25
-G(ly).15 E 1.17(prohibited from ha)102 368.4 R 1.17
-(ving Internet access.)-.2 F 2.769 -.8(To g)6.169 H -2.15 -.25(iv e).8 H
-1.169(the w)3.919 F 1.169(orkstations the appearance of access to the)
--.1 F .588(Internet domain system, the w)102 380.4 R .588
-(orkstations could be Sla)-.1 F .889 -.15(ve s)-.2 H(erv).15 E .589
-(ers to the timesharing machine which)-.15 F -.1(wo)102 392.4 S .044
-(uld forw).1 F .044(ard the queries and interact with other name serv)
--.1 F .044(ers to resolv)-.15 F 2.544(et)-.15 G .044
-(he query before returning)-2.544 F .3(the answer)102 404.4 R 5.3(.A)
--.55 G 2.8(na)-5.3 G .3(dded bene\214t of using the forw)-2.8 F .301
-(arding feature is that the central machine de)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .301
-(lops a).15 F .373
-(much more complete cache of information that all the w)102 416.4 R .373
-(orkstations can tak)-.1 F 2.872(ea)-.1 G(dv)-2.872 E .372(antage of.)
--.25 F .372(The use)5.372 F .223(of Sla)102 428.4 R .523 -.15(ve m)-.2 H
-.223(ode and forw).15 F .223
-(arding is discussed further under the description of the)-.1 F F3
-(named)2.724 E F2 .224(boot\214le com-)2.724 F(mands.)102 440.4 Q 1.174
-(There is no prohibition ag)127 456.6 R 1.173(ainst declaring a serv)
--.05 F 1.173(er to be a)-.15 F F3(slave)3.673 E F2 -2.15 -.25(ev e)3.673
-H 3.673(nt).25 G 1.173(hough it has)-3.673 F F3(primary)3.673 E F2
-(and/or)102 468.6 Q F3(secondary)3.422 E F2 .922(zones as well; the ef)
-3.422 F .922(fect will still be that an)-.25 F .923
-(ything in the local serv)-.15 F(er')-.15 E 3.423(sc)-.55 G .923
-(ache or)-3.423 F(zones will be answered, and an)102 480.6 Q
-(ything else will be forw)-.15 E(arded using the)-.1 E F3(forwar)2.5 E
-(der)-.37 E(s)-.1 E F2(list.)2.5 E F0 2.5(6. Files)72 516.6 R F2 .082
-(The name serv)112 532.8 R .081(er uses se)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .081
-(ral \214les to load its data base.).15 F .081(This section co)5.081 F
--.15(ve)-.15 G .081(rs the \214les and their for).15 F(-)-.2 E
-(mats needed for)87 544.8 Q F3(named)2.5 E F2(.)A F0 2.5(6.1. Boot)87
-568.8 R(File)2.5 E F2 .05(This is the \214le that is \214rst read when)
-127 585 R F3(named)2.55 E F2 .051(starts up.)2.551 F .051
-(This tells the serv)5.051 F .051(er what type of serv)-.15 F(er)-.15 E
-.275(it is, which zones it has authority o)102 597 R -.15(ve)-.15 G
-2.775(ra).15 G .275(nd where to get its initial data.)-2.775 F .274
-(The def)5.274 F .274(ault location for this)-.1 F .259(\214le is)102
-609 R F3 -.834(/etc /named.boot)2.759 F F2 5.26(.H)1.666 G -.25(ow)-5.26
-G -2.15 -.25(ev e).25 H 2.76(rt).25 G .26
-(his can be changed by setting the)-2.76 F F3(BOO)2.76 E(TFILE)-.4 E F2
--.25(va)2.76 G .26(riable when you).25 F(compile)102 621 Q F3(named)2.5
-E F2(or by specifying the location on the command line when)2.5 E F3
-(named)2.5 E F2(is started up.)2.5 E F0 2.5(6.1.1. Domain)102 645 R F2
-2.5(Ad)142 661.2 S(ef)-2.5 E
-(ault domain may be speci\214ed for the name serv)-.1 E
-(er using a line such as)-.15 E F3 3.5(domain Berk)167 677.4 R(ele)-.1 E
-(y)-.3 E F0(.)1.666 E F3(Edu)1.666 E F2 .023(Older name serv)117 693.6 R
-.023(ers use this information when the)-.15 F 2.523(yr)-.15 G(ecei)
--2.523 E .323 -.15(ve a q)-.25 H .023(uery for a name without a `).15 F
-(`)-.74 E F0(.)A F2 1.502 -.74('' t)D(hat).74 E 1.469(is not kno)117
-705.6 R 3.969(wn. Ne)-.25 F 1.469(wer designs assume that the resolv)
--.25 F 1.47(er library will append its o)-.15 F 1.47(wn idea of a)-.25 F
--.74(``)117 717.6 S(def).74 E .163(ault domain')-.1 F 2.663('t)-.74 G
-2.662(oa)-2.663 G .462 -.15(ny u)-2.662 H .162(nquali\214ed names.).15 F
-.162(Though the name serv)5.162 F .162(er can still be compiled with)
--.15 F EP
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-/F0 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Name Ser)72 60 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G 2.5(rO).1 G
-(perations Guide f)-2.5 E(or)-.25 E/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 211.564
-(BIND SMM)2.5 F F0(:10-5)A/F2 10/Times-Roman@0 SF .268(support for the)
-117 96 R/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(domain)2.768 E F2(directi)2.768 E .568
--.15(ve i)-.25 H 2.768(nt).15 G .268(he boot \214le, the def)-2.768 F
-.268(ault is to lea)-.1 F .569 -.15(ve i)-.2 H 2.769(to).15 G .269
-(ut and we strenuously)-2.769 F .066(recommend ag)117 108 R .066
-(ainst its use.)-.05 F .066
-(If you use this feature, clients outside your local domain which send)
-5.066 F .504(you requests about unquali\214ed names will ha)117 120 R
-.804 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .504
-(he implicit quali\214cation of your domain rather).15 F .027
-(than theirs.)117 132 R .026
-(The proper place for this function is on the client, in their)5.027 F
-F0(/etc/r)2.526 E(esolv)-.18 E(.conf)-.7 E F2 .026(\(or equi)2.526 F(v-)
--.25 E(alent\) \214le.)117 144 Q(Use of the)5 E F3(domain)2.5 E F2
-(directi)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve i)-.25 H 2.5(ny).15 G
-(our boot \214le is strongly discouraged.)-2.5 E F0 2.5(6.1.2. Dir)102
-168 R(ectory)-.18 E F2(The)142 184.2 Q F3(dir)2.663 E(ectory)-.37 E F2
-(directi)2.663 E .464 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .164
-(peci\214es the directory in which the name serv).15 F .164
-(er should run, allo)-.15 F(w-)-.25 E .222
-(ing the other \214le names in the boot \214le to use relati)117 196.2 R
-.522 -.15(ve p)-.25 H .222(ath names.).15 F .222(There can be only one)
-5.222 F F3(dir)2.722 E(ec-)-.37 E(tory)117 208.2 Q F2(directi)2.5 E .3
--.15(ve a)-.25 H(nd it should be gi).15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(nb).15 G
-(efore an)-2.5 E 2.5(yo)-.15 G(ther directi)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5
-(st).15 G(hat specify \214le names.)-2.5 E F3(dir)167 224.4 Q 45.25
-(ectory /var/named)-.37 F F2 1.383(If you ha)117 240.6 R 1.684 -.15
-(ve m)-.2 H 1.384(ore than a couple of named \214les to be maintained, \
-you may wish to place the).15 F .649
-(named \214les in a directory such as /v)117 252.6 R .648
-(ar/named and adjust the directory command properly)-.25 F 5.648(.T)-.65
-G(he)-5.648 E .621(main purposes of this command are to mak)117 264.6 R
-3.121(es)-.1 G .621(ure named is in the proper directory when trying)
--3.121 F .306(to include \214les by relati)117 276.6 R .606 -.15(ve p)
--.25 H .305(ath names with $INCLUDE and to allo).15 F 2.805(wn)-.25 G
-.305(amed to run in a location)-2.805 F
-(that is reasonable to dump core if it feels the ur)117 288.6 Q(ge.)-.18
-E F0 2.5(6.1.3. Primary)102 312.6 R(Ser)2.5 E(vice)-.1 E F2 .875
-(The line in the boot \214le that designates the serv)142 328.8 R .875
-(er as a primary master serv)-.15 F .876(er for a zone)-.15 F
-(looks as follo)117 340.8 Q(ws:)-.25 E F3 49.32(primary Berk)167 357 R
-(ele)-.1 E(y)-.3 E F0(.)1.666 E F3 -1.052(Edu ucbhosts)1.666 F F2 .879
-(The \214rst \214eld speci\214es that the serv)117 373.2 R .879
-(er is a primary one for the zone stated in the second \214eld.)-.15 F(\
-The third \214eld is the name of the \214le from which the data is read\
-.)117 385.2 Q .008(The abo)142 401.4 R .308 -.15(ve a)-.15 H .008
-(ssumes that the zone you are specifying is a class).15 F F3(IN)2.508 E
-F2 2.509(zone. If)2.509 F .009(you wish to des-)2.509 F .701
-(ignate a dif)117 413.4 R .701(ferent class you can append)-.25 F F3
-(/class)3.201 E F2 .701(to the \214rst \214eld, where)3.201 F F3(class)
-3.2 E F2 .7(is either the inte)3.2 F(ger)-.15 E -.25(va)117 425.4 S .899
-(lue or the standard mnemonic for the class.).25 F -.15(Fo)5.899 G 3.399
-(re).15 G .9(xample the line for a primary serv)-3.549 F .9(er for a)
--.15 F(hesiod class zone looks as follo)117 437.4 Q(ws:)-.25 E F3 20
-(primary/HS Berk)167 453.6 R(ele)-.1 E(y)-.3 E F0(.)1.666 E F3 7.5
-(Edu hesiod.data)1.666 F F2 .858
-(Note that this support for specifying other than class)117 469.8 R F3
-(IN)3.358 E F2 .858(zones is a compile-time option which)3.358 F(your v)
-117 481.8 Q(endor may not ha)-.15 E .3 -.15(ve e)-.2 H(nabled when the)
-.15 E 2.5(yb)-.15 G(uilt your operating system.)-2.7 E F0 2.5
-(6.1.4. Secondary)102 505.8 R(Ser)2.5 E(vice)-.1 E F2 .946
-(The line for a secondary serv)142 522 R .946
-(er is similar to the primary e)-.15 F .947
-(xcept that it lists addresses of)-.15 F(other serv)117 534 Q
-(ers \(usually primary serv)-.15 E
-(ers\) from which the zone data will be obtained.)-.15 E F3 40.44
-(secondary Berk)167 550.2 R(ele)-.1 E(y)-.3 E F0(.)1.666 E F3 -1.052
-(Edu 128)1.666 F F0(.)A F3(32)A F0(.)A F3(0)A F0(.)A F3 2.5(10 128)B F0
-(.)A F3(32)A F0(.)A F3(0)A F0(.)A F3 2.5(4u)C(cbhosts.bak)-2.5 E F2 1.17
-(The \214rst \214eld speci\214es that the serv)117 566.4 R 1.169
-(er is a secondary serv)-.15 F 1.169
-(er for the zone stated in the second)-.15 F 3.001(\214eld. The)117
-578.4 R(tw)3.001 E 3.001(on)-.1 G(etw)-3.001 E .501
-(ork addresses specify the name serv)-.1 F .501(ers which ha)-.15 F .802
--.15(ve d)-.2 H .502(ata for the zone.).15 F(Note)5.502 E .608
-(that at least one of these will be a)117 590.4 R F3(primary)3.108 E F2
-3.108(,a)C .608(nd, unless you are using some protocol other than)-3.108
-F/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(IP/DNS)117 602.4 Q F2 .023
-(for your zone transfer mechanism, the others will all be other)2.522 F
-F3(secondary)2.523 E F2(serv)2.523 E 2.523(ers. Ha)-.15 F(ving)-.2 E
-.865(your secondary serv)117 614.4 R .865
-(er pull data from other secondary serv)-.15 F .865
-(ers is usually unwise, since you can)-.15 F .352
-(add delay to the propag)117 626.4 R .352
-(ation of zone updates if your netw)-.05 F(ork')-.1 E 2.852(sc)-.55 G
-(onnecti)-2.852 E .352(vity v)-.25 F .353(aries in pathologi-)-.25 F
-1.003(cal b)117 638.4 R 1.003(ut common w)-.2 F 3.502(ays. The)-.1 F
-1.002(intended use for multiple addresses on a)3.502 F F3(secondary)
-3.502 E F2 1.002(declaration is)3.502 F .595(when the)117 650.4 R F3
-(primary)3.095 E F2(serv)3.096 E .596(er has multiple netw)-.15 F .596
-(ork interf)-.1 F .596(aces and therefore multiple host addresses.)-.1 F
-.34(The secondary serv)117 662.4 R .34(er gets its data across the netw)
--.15 F .339(ork from one of the listed serv)-.1 F 2.839(ers. The)-.15 F
-(serv)2.839 E(er)-.15 E .785(addresses are tried in the order listed.)
-117 674.4 R .785
-(If a \214lename is present after the list of primary serv)5.785 F(ers,)
--.15 E .468
-(data for the zone will be dumped into that \214le as a backup.)117
-686.4 R .467(When the serv)5.467 F .467(er is \214rst started, the)-.15
-F .686
-(data is loaded from the backup \214le if possible, and a primary serv)
-117 698.4 R .686(er is then consulted to check)-.15 F .123
-(that the zone is still up-to-date.)117 710.4 R .123
-(Note that listing your serv)5.123 F .123(er as a)-.15 F F3(secondary)
-2.623 E F2(serv)2.623 E .123(er does not nec-)-.15 F 1.221(essarily mak)
-117 722.4 R 3.721(ei)-.1 G 3.721(to)-3.721 G 1.222
-(ne \212 the parent zone must)-3.721 F F3(dele)3.722 E(gate)-.4 E F2
-1.222(authority to your serv)3.722 F 1.222(er as well as the)-.15 F EP
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-/F0 10/Times-Bold@0 SF 208.87(SMM:10-6 Name)72 60 R(Ser)2.5 E -.1(ve)-.1
-G 2.5(rO).1 G(perations Guide f)-2.5 E(or)-.25 E/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF
-(BIND)2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Roman@0 SF 1.417(primary and the other secondar\
-ies, or you will be transferring a zone o)117 96 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.917
-(rf).15 G 1.416(or no reason; no)-3.917 F .735(other serv)117 108 R .735
-(er will ha)-.15 F 1.035 -.15(ve a r)-.2 H .735
-(eason to query you for that zone unless the parent zone lists you as a)
-.15 F(serv)117 120 Q(er for the zone.)-.15 E .348
-(As with primary you may specify a secondary serv)142 136.2 R .348
-(er for a class other than)-.15 F/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(IN)2.848 E F2
-.348(by append-)2.848 F(ing)117 148.2 Q F3(/class)2.5 E F2(to the)2.5 E
-F3(secondary)2.5 E F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yw)-.05 E(ord, e.g.,)-.1 E F3
-(secondary/HS)2.5 E F2(.)A F0 2.5(6.1.5. Stub)102 172.2 R(Ser)2.5 E
-(vice)-.1 E F2 1.161(The line for a stub serv)142 188.4 R 1.161
-(er is similar to a secondary)-.15 F 6.161(.\()-.65 G 1.162
-(This feature is e)-6.161 F 1.162(xperimental as of)-.15 F(4.9.3.\))117
-200.4 Q F3 16.83(stub Berk)167 216.6 R(ele)-.1 E(y)-.3 E F0(.)1.666 E F3
-23.118(Edu 128)1.666 F F0(.)A F3(32)A F0(.)A F3(0)A F0(.)A F3 2.5
-(10 128)B F0(.)A F3(32)A F0(.)A F3(0)A F0(.)A F3 2.5(4u)C(cbhosts.bak)
--2.5 E F2(The \214rst \214eld speci\214es that the serv)117 232.8 Q
-(er is a stub serv)-.15 E(er for the zone stated in the second \214eld.)
--.15 E 1.358
-(Stub zones are intended to ensure that a primary for a zone al)142 249
-R -.1(wa)-.1 G 1.358(ys has the correct).1 F F3(NS)3.858 E F2 .49(recor\
-ds for children of that zone. If the primary is not a secondary for a c\
-hild zone it should be)117 261 R 1.348
-(con\214gured with stub zones for all its children. Stub zones pro)117
-273 R 1.347(vide a mechanism to allo)-.15 F(w)-.25 E F3(NS)3.847 E F2
-(records for a zone to be speci\214ed in only one place.)117 285 Q F3
-1.28(primary CSIR)167 301.2 R(O)-.4 E F0(.)1.666 E F3 49.118 -.5(AU c)
-1.666 H(sir).5 E(o.dat)-.45 E 16.83(stub dms.CSIR)167 313.2 R(O)-.4 E F0
-(.)1.666 E F3 30.508 -.5(AU 1)1.666 H(30).5 E F0(.)A F3(155)A F0(.)A F3
-(16)A F0(.)A F3 5(1d)C(ms.stub)-5 E 16.83(stub dap.CSIR)167 325.2 R(O)
--.4 E F0(.)1.666 E F3 31.618 -.5(AU 1)1.666 H(30).5 E F0(.)A F3(155)A F0
-(.)A F3(98)A F0(.)A F3 5(1d)C(ap.stub)-5 E F0 2.5(6.1.6. Cache)102 353.4
-R(Initialization)2.5 E F2 .991(All serv)142 369.6 R .991
-(ers, including `)-.15 F .991(`caching only')-.74 F 3.491('s)-.74 G(erv)
--3.491 E .991(ers, should ha)-.15 F 1.291 -.15(ve a l)-.2 H .992
-(ine as follo).15 F .992(ws in the boot)-.25 F
-(\214le to prime the name serv)117 381.6 Q(ers cache:)-.15 E F3(cac)167
-397.8 Q(he)-.15 E F0(.)51.99 E F3 -.45(ro)55.55 G(ot).45 E F0(.)A F3
-(cac)A(he)-.15 E F2(Do not put an)117 414 Q(ything into your)-.15 E F3
-(cac)2.5 E(he)-.15 E F2(\214les other than root serv)2.5 E
-(er information.)-.15 E .55
-(All cache \214les listed will be read in at named boot time and an)142
-430.2 R 3.05(yv)-.15 G .55(alues still v)-3.3 F .55(alid will be)-.25 F
-.441(reinstated in the cache.)117 442.2 R .441(The root name serv)5.441
-F .441(er information in the cache \214les will be used until a)-.15 F
-1.113(root query is actually answered by one of the name serv)117 454.2
-R 1.112(ers in the cache \214le, after which that)-.15 F(answer will be\
- used instead of the cache \214le until the answer times out.)117 466.2
-Q .112(As with)142 482.4 R F3(primary)2.612 E F2(and)2.612 E F3
-(secondary)2.612 E F2 2.612(,y)C .112(ou may specify a secondary serv)
--2.612 F .112(er for a class other than)-.15 F F3(IN)117 494.4 Q F2
-(by appending)2.5 E F3(/class)2.5 E F2(to the)2.5 E F3(cac)2.5 E(he)-.15
-E F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yw)-.05 E(ord, e.g.,)-.1 E F3(class/HS)2.5 E F2(.)A F0
-2.5(6.1.7. F)102 518.4 R(orwarders)-.25 E F2(An)142 534.6 Q 3.621(ys)
--.15 G(erv)-3.621 E 1.121(er can mak)-.15 F 3.621(eu)-.1 G 1.121(se of)
--3.621 F F3(forwar)3.621 E(der)-.37 E(s)-.1 E F2 6.121(.A)C F3(forwar)
--2.5 E(der)-.37 E F2 1.121(is another serv)3.621 F 1.12
-(er capable of pro-)-.15 F .256(cessing recursi)117 546.6 R .556 -.15
-(ve q)-.25 H .256(ueries that is willing to try resolving queries on be\
-half of other systems.).15 F(The)5.256 E F3(forwar)117 558.6 Q(der)-.37
-E(s)-.1 E F2(command speci\214es forw)2.5 E
-(arders by internet address as follo)-.1 E(ws:)-.25 E F3(forwar)167
-574.8 Q(der)-.37 E 89.23(s1)-.1 G(28)-89.23 E F0(.)A F3(32)A F0(.)A F3
-(0)A F0(.)A F3 7.5(10 128)B F0(.)A F3(32)A F0(.)A F3(0)A F0(.)A F3(4)A
-F2 1.003(There are tw)117 591 R 3.503(om)-.1 G 1.003(ain reasons for w)
--3.503 F 1.002(anting to do so.)-.1 F 1.002
-(First, some systems may not ha)6.002 F 1.302 -.15(ve f)-.2 H 1.002
-(ull net-).15 F -.1(wo)117 603 S .379(rk access and may be pre).1 F -.15
-(ve)-.25 G .379(nted from sending an).15 F 2.879(yI)-.15 G 2.879(Pp)
--2.879 G(ack)-2.879 E .38(ets into the rest of the Internet and)-.1 F
-.33(therefore must rely on a forw)117 615 R .33(arder which does ha)-.1
-F .63 -.15(ve a)-.2 H .33(ccess to the full net.).15 F .33
-(The second reason is)5.33 F 1.371(that the forw)117 627 R 1.372
-(arder sees a union of all queries as the)-.1 F 3.872(yp)-.15 G 1.372
-(ass through its serv)-3.872 F 1.372(er and therefore it)-.15 F -.2(bu)
-117 639 S .486(ilds up a v).2 F .485
-(ery rich cache of data compared to the cache in a typical w)-.15 F .485
-(orkstation name serv)-.1 F(er)-.15 E(.)-.55 E .55(In ef)117 651 R .55
-(fect, the)-.25 F F3(forwar)3.05 E(der)-.37 E F2 .551(becomes a meta-ca\
-che that all hosts can bene\214t from, thereby reducing)3.05 F
-(the total number of queries from that site to the rest of the net.)117
-663 Q .449(The ef)142 679.2 R .449(fect of `)-.25 F(`forw)-.74 E
-(arders')-.1 E 2.949('i)-.74 G 2.949(st)-2.949 G 2.949(op)-2.949 G .449
-(repend some \214x)-2.949 F .448(ed addresses to the list of name serv)
--.15 F(ers)-.15 E .806(to be tried for e)117 691.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .806
-(ry query).15 F 5.806(.N)-.65 G .806
-(ormally that list is made up only of higher)-5.806 F .807
-(-authority serv)-.2 F .807(ers dis-)-.15 F(co)117 703.2 Q -.15(ve)-.15
-G .93(red via).15 F F3(NS)3.43 E F2 .93(record lookups for the rele)3.43
-F -.25(va)-.25 G .93(nt domain.).25 F .93(If the forw)5.93 F .93
-(arders do not answer)-.1 F 3.43(,t)-.4 G(hen)-3.43 E 1.512(unless the)
-117 715.2 R F3(slave)4.012 E F2(directi)4.013 E 1.813 -.15(ve w)-.25 H
-1.513(as gi).05 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.513(n, the appropriate serv).15 F
-1.513(ers for the domains will be queried)-.15 F EP
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-/F0 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Name Ser)72 60 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G 2.5(rO).1 G
-(perations Guide f)-2.5 E(or)-.25 E/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 211.564
-(BIND SMM)2.5 F F0(:10-7)A/F2 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(directly)117 96 Q(.)
--.65 E F0 2.5(6.1.8. Sla)102 132 R .2 -.1(ve S)-.25 H(er).1 E -.1(ve)-.1
-G(rs).1 E F2(Sla)142 148.2 Q .381 -.15(ve m)-.2 H .081
-(ode is used if the use of forw).15 F .08(arders is the only possible w)
--.1 F .08(ay to resolv)-.1 F 2.58(eq)-.15 G .08(ueries due)-2.58 F 1.059
-(to lack of full net access or if you wish to pre)117 160.2 R -.15(ve)
--.25 G 1.059(nt the name serv).15 F 1.059(er from using other than the)
--.15 F(listed forw)117 172.2 Q 2.5(arders. Sla)-.1 F .3 -.15(ve m)-.2 H
-(ode is acti).15 E -.25(va)-.25 G(ted by placing the simple command).25
-E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(options forwar)167 188.4 Q(d-only)-.37 E F2
-.746(in the boot\214le.)117 204.6 R .746
-(If this option is used, then you must specify forw)5.746 F 3.245
-(arders. When)-.1 F .745(in sla)3.245 F 1.045 -.15(ve m)-.2 H(ode,).15 E
-.475(the serv)117 216.6 R .475(er will forw)-.15 F .475
-(ard each query to each of the forw)-.1 F .476
-(arders until an answer is found or the list)-.1 F .14(of forw)117 228.6
-R .14(arders is e)-.1 F 2.64(xhausted. The)-.15 F(serv)2.64 E .14
-(er will not try to contact an)-.15 F 2.64(yr)-.15 G .14
-(emote name serv)-2.64 F .14(er other than)-.15 F(those named in the)117
-240.6 Q F3(forwar)2.5 E(der)-.37 E(s)-.1 E F2(list.)2.5 E .855(So while)
-142 256.8 R F3(forwar)3.355 E(der)-.37 E(s)-.1 E F2 .855
-(prepends addresses to the `)3.355 F(`serv)-.74 E .855(er list')-.15 F
-3.356('f)-.74 G .856(or each query)-3.356 F(,)-.65 E F3 .856
-(options for)3.356 F(-)-.2 E(war)117 268.8 Q(d-only)-.37 E F2 .046
-(causes the `)2.546 F(`serv)-.74 E .046(er list')-.15 F 2.546('t)-.74 G
-2.546(oc)-2.546 G(ontain)-2.546 E F3(only)2.546 E F2 .046
-(those addresses listed in the)2.546 F F3(forwar)2.545 E(der)-.37 E(s)
--.1 E F2(decla-)2.545 E 2.976(rations. Careless)117 280.8 R .476
-(use of the)2.976 F F3 .477(options forwar)2.977 F(d-only)-.37 E F2
-(directi)2.977 E .777 -.15(ve c)-.25 H .477
-(an cause really horrible forw).15 F(arding)-.1 E 1.749
-(loops, since you could end up forw)117 292.8 R 1.749
-(arding queries only to some set of hosts which are also)-.1 F(sla)117
-304.8 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G(s, and one or se).15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G
-(ral of them could be forw).15 E(arding queries back to you.)-.1 E .672
-(Use of the)142 321 R F3 .672(options forwar)3.172 F(d-only)-.37 E F2
-(directi)3.172 E .972 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .673(hould be considered v).15 F
-.673(ery carefully)-.15 F 5.673(.N)-.65 G .673(ote that)-5.673 F
-(this same beha)117 333 Q(viour can be achie)-.2 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5
-(du).15 G(sing the deprecated directi)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(,).15 E F3
-(slave)2.5 E F2(.)A F0 2.5(6.1.9. Nonr)102 369 R(ecursi)-.18 E .2 -.1
-(ve S)-.1 H(er).1 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(rs).1 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(BIND)142
-385.2 Q F2 2.487 -.55('s s)D 1.387(eparation of authoritati).55 F 1.687
--.15(ve \()-.25 H 1.386(zone\) and nonauthoritiati).15 F 1.686 -.15
-(ve \()-.25 H 1.386(cache\) data has al).15 F -.1(wa)-.1 G(ys).1 E .664
-(been some)117 397.2 R .664
-(what weak, and pollution of the former via the latter has been kno)-.25
-F .665(wn to occur)-.25 F 5.665(.O)-.55 G(ne)-5.665 E -.1(wa)117 409.2 S
-3.652(yt).1 G 3.652(op)-3.652 G(re)-3.652 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.152
-(nt this, as well as to sa).15 F 1.452 -.15(ve m)-.2 H 1.152
-(emory on serv).15 F 1.151(ers carrying a lot of authoritati)-.15 F
-1.451 -.15(ve d)-.25 H(ata).15 E .514(\(e.g., root serv)117 421.2 R .514
-(ers\) is to mak)-.15 F 3.015(es)-.1 G .515(uch serv)-3.015 F .515
-(ers `)-.15 F(`nonrecursi)-.74 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -.7(.').15 G 5.515('T)
--.04 G .515(his can be achie)-5.515 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.015(dv).15 G .515
-(ia the direc-)-3.015 F(ti)117 433.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G F3(options no-r)
-167 449.4 Q(ecur)-.37 E(sion)-.1 E F2 .733(in the boot\214le.)117 465.6
-R 3.233(As)5.733 G(erv)-3.233 E .733(er with this option enabled will n\
-ot attempt to fetch data to help answer)-.15 F .459
-(queries \212 if you ask it for data it does not ha)117 477.6 R -.15(ve)
--.2 G 2.959(,i).15 G 2.959(tw)-2.959 G .459
-(ill send you a referral to a more authorita-)-2.959 F(ti)117 489.6 Q
-1.174 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(erv).15 E .874(er or)-.15 F 3.374(,i)-.4 G 3.374
-(fi)-3.374 G 3.374(ti)-3.374 G 3.374(si)-3.374 G .874(tself authoritati)
--3.374 F 1.174 -.15(ve f)-.25 H .874(or the zone of the query).15 F
-3.373(,i)-.65 G 3.373(tw)-3.373 G .873(ill send you an ne)-3.373 F -.05
-(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(answer)117 501.6 Q(.)-.55 E 2.958(An)
-142 517.8 S(onrecursi)-2.958 E .758 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(erv).15 E .458
-(er can be named in an)-.15 F F4(NS RR)2.958 E F2 -.2(bu)2.958 G 2.958
-(ti).2 G 2.958(tc)-2.958 G .459(annot be listed in the)-2.958 F F3 -.37
-(re)2.959 G(solv).37 E(.conf)-.74 E F2(\214le.)117 529.8 Q F0 2.5
-(6.1.10. Query)102 565.8 R(Logging)2.5 E F2 1.263
-(If the \214le system containing your)142 582 R F3(syslo)3.763 E(g)-.1 E
-F2 1.262(\214le has quite a bit of space, you can consider)3.763 F
-(using the)117 594 Q F3(options query-lo)167 610.2 Q(g)-.1 E F2(directi)
-117 626.4 Q .357 -.15(ve i)-.25 H 2.557(ny).15 G .057(our boot\214le.)
--2.557 F .057(This will cause your name serv)5.057 F .058(er to log e)
--.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .058(ry query it recei).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .058
-(s, which).15 F .451(when combined with a Perl or)117 638.4 R F4 -.81
-(AW)2.951 G(K).81 E F2 .45
-(script to postprocess the logs, can be a useful management)2.951 F
-(tool.)117 650.4 Q F0 2.5(6.1.11. In)102 686.4 R -.1(ve)-.4 G
-(rse Query Pseudosupport).1 E F4(BIND)142 702.6 Q F2 .286(by def)2.786 F
-.286(ault does not support in)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .286
-(rse queries, and this has been kno).15 F .287(wn to cause prob-)-.25 F
-1.314(lems for certain microcomputer operating systems and for older v)
-117 714.6 R 1.313(ersions of)-.15 F F4(BIND)3.813 E F2 -.55('s)C F3
-(nslookup)4.363 E EP
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-/F0 10/Times-Bold@0 SF 208.87(SMM:10-8 Name)72 60 R(Ser)2.5 E -.1(ve)-.1
-G 2.5(rO).1 G(perations Guide f)-2.5 E(or)-.25 E/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF
-(BIND)2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Roman@0 SF 4.125(tool. Y)117 96 R 1.626
-(ou may decide that rather than answering with `)-1.1 F 1.626
-(`operation not implemented,)-.74 F -.74('')-.7 G/F3 10/Times-Italic@0
-SF(named)4.866 E F2 .582(should detect the most common in)117 108 R -.15
-(ve)-.4 G .581(rse queries and answer them with bogus information.).15 F
-.581(It is)5.581 F .972
-(better to upgrade your clients to stop depending on in)117 120 R -.15
-(ve)-.4 G .973(rse queries, b).15 F .973(ut if that is not possible,)-.2
-F(you should use the)117 132 Q F3(options fak)167 148.2 Q(e-iquery)-.1 E
-F2(directi)117 164.4 Q .873 -.15(ve i)-.25 H 3.073(ny).15 G .573
-(our boot\214le.)-3.073 F F3(NO)5.573 E(TE:)-.4 E F2 .573
-(the responses are in f)3.073 F .573(act bogus, in that the)-.1 F 3.072
-(yc)-.15 G(ontain)-3.072 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(ISO)3.072 E F2(8859)A
-1.867(square brack)117 176.4 R 1.867(ets \()-.1 F F0([)A F2(and)4.367 E
-F0(])4.367 E F2 1.868(\), so your clients will not be able to do an)B
-1.868(ything useful with these)-.15 F 3.259(responses. It)117 188.4 R
-.759(has been observ)3.259 F .759(ed that no client e)-.15 F -.15(ve)
--.25 G 3.259(rd).15 G .759(id an)-3.259 F .758
-(ything useful with real in)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .758(rse query).15 F
-(responses, either)117 200.4 Q(.)-.55 E F0 2.5(6.1.12. Setting)102 236.4
-R(Name Ser)2.5 E -.1(ve)-.1 G 2.5(rL).1 G(imits)-2.5 E F2 1.04
-(Some name serv)142 252.6 R 1.041
-(er operations can be quite resource intensi)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.541
-(,a).15 G 1.041(nd in order to tune your)-3.541 F 1.435
-(system properly it is sometimes necessary to change)117 264.6 R F4
-(BIND)3.935 E F2 2.535 -.55('s i)D 1.435(nternal quotas.).55 F 1.435
-(This is accom-)6.435 F(plished via)117 276.6 Q F3(limit <name> <value>)
-167 292.8 Q F2(directi)117 309 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(si).15 G 2.5(nt)-2.5
-G(he boot\214le.)-2.5 E(Limits, and their def)5 E(ault v)-.1 E
-(alues, are as follo)-.25 E(ws:)-.25 E F3(limit tr)167 325.2 Q(ansfer)
--.15 E(s-in 10)-.1 E F2 .28(This is the number of simultaneous)117 341.4
-R F3(named-xfer)2.78 E F2(processes)2.78 E F4(BIND)2.78 E F2 .281
-(is willing to start.)2.78 F .281(Higher num-)5.281 F .51(bers yield f)
-117 353.4 R .51(aster con)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.4 G -.18(rg).15 G .509
-(ence to primary serv).18 F .509(ers if your secondary serv)-.15 F .509
-(er has hundreds or thou-)-.15 F .693(sands of zones to maintain, b)117
-365.4 R .694
-(ut setting this number too high can cause thrashing due to starv)-.2 F
-(a-)-.25 E 1.936(tion of resources such as netw)117 377.4 R 1.936
-(ork bandwidth or sw)-.1 F 1.936(ap space.)-.1 F F3(NO)6.936 E(TE:)-.4 E
-F2 1.936(this limit can also be)4.436 F -.15(ex)117 389.4 S
-(pressed via the deprecated directi).15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G F3(max-fetc)
-2.65 E 2.5(hN)-.15 G(N)-2.5 E F2(.)A F3(limit tr)167 405.6 Q(ansfer)-.15
-E(s-per)-.1 E(-ns 2)-.2 E F2 .057(This is the number of simultaneous)117
-421.8 R F3(named-xfer)2.557 E F2(processes)2.558 E F4(BIND)2.558 E F2
-.058(is willing to initiate)2.558 F F3 .058(to any given)2.558 F 1.719
-(name server)117 433.8 R F2 6.719(.I)C 4.219(nm)-6.719 G 1.719
-(ost cases, you should not need to change it.)-4.219 F 1.718
-(If your secondary serv)6.719 F 1.718(er is)-.15 F .139
-(pulling hundreds or thousands of zones from a single primary serv)117
-445.8 R(er)-.15 E 2.64(,i)-.4 G(ncreasing)-2.64 E F3(tr)2.64 E(ansfer)
--.15 E(s-per)-.1 E(-ns)-.2 E F2 .664(may speed con)117 457.8 R -.15(ve)
--.4 G -.18(rg).15 G 3.164(ence. It).18 F .664(should be k)3.164 F .663
-(ept as small as possible, to a)-.1 F -.2(vo)-.2 G .663
-(id causing thrashing and).2 F(resource starv)117 469.8 Q
-(ation on the primary serv)-.25 E(er)-.15 E(.)-.55 E F3
-(limit datasize <system-dependent>)167 486 Q F2 .521(Most systems ha)117
-502.2 R .822 -.15(ve a q)-.2 H .522
-(uota that limits the size of the so-called `).15 F .522(`data se)-.74 F
-(gment,)-.15 E 2.002 -.74('' w)-.7 H .522(hich is where).74 F F4(BIND)
-117 514.2 Q F2 -.1(ke)3.495 G .994
-(eps all of its authority and cache data.).1 F F4(BIND)5.994 E F2 .994
-(will beha)3.494 F 1.294 -.15(ve s)-.2 H .994(uboptimally \(perhaps e)
-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n).15 E -.15(ex)117 526.2 S 1.225
-(iting\) if it runs up ag).15 F 1.225(ainst this quota.)-.05 F 1.226
-(If your system supports a system call to change this)6.225 F .997
-(quota for a gi)117 538.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.497(np).15 G .997
-(rocess, you can ask)-3.497 F F4(BIND)3.496 E F2 .996
-(to use that system call via the)3.496 F F3 .996(limit datasize NN)3.496
-F F2(directi)117 550.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.369(.T).15 G .369(he v)-5.369
-F .369(alue gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.869(nh).15 G .369
-(ere may be scaled by post\214xing)-2.869 F F3(k)2.869 E F2 .37
-(for 1024X,)2.87 F F3(m)2.87 E F2 .37(for \(1024^2\)X, and)2.87 F F3(g)
-117 562.2 Q F2(for \(1024^3\)X.)2.5 E(In 1995, the root serv)5 E
-(ers all use)-.15 E F3(limit datasize 64m)2.5 E F2(.)A F0 2.5
-(6.1.13. Zone)102 598.2 R -.74(Tr)2.5 G(ansfer Restrictions).74 E F2
-1.417(It may be the case that your or)142 614.4 R -.05(ga)-.18 G 1.417
-(nization does not wish to gi).05 F 1.717 -.15(ve c)-.25 H 1.416
-(omplete lists of your).15 F .71(hosts to an)117 626.4 R .71
-(yone on the Internet who can reach your name serv)-.15 F 3.211
-(ers. While)-.15 F .711(it is still possible for)3.211 F .096
-(people to `)117 638.4 R(`iterate')-.74 E 2.596('t)-.74 G .096
-(hrough your address range, looking for)-2.596 F F3(PTR)2.596 E F2 .095
-(records, and b)2.596 F .095(uild a list of your)-.2 F 1.074
-(hosts the `)117 650.4 R(`slo)-.74 E(w')-.25 E 3.574('w)-.74 G(ay)-3.674
-E 3.574(,i)-.65 G 3.574(ti)-3.574 G 3.574(ss)-3.574 G 1.074
-(till considered reasonable to restrict your e)-3.574 F 1.075
-(xport of zones via the)-.15 F .784(zone transfer protocol.)117 662.4 R
-2.384 -.8(To l)5.784 H .784
-(imit the list of neighbors who can transfer zones from your serv).8 F
-(er)-.15 E(,)-.4 E(use the)117 674.4 Q F3(xfrnets)2.5 E F2(directi)2.5 E
--.15(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E .067(This directi)142 690.6 R .367 -.15(ve h)-.25
-H .067(as the same syntax as).15 F F3(forwar)2.567 E(der)-.37 E(s)-.1 E
-F2 -.15(ex)2.567 G .067(cept that you can list netw).15 F .068
-(ork numbers)-.1 F(in addition to host addresses.)117 702.6 Q -.15(Fo)5
-G 2.5(re).15 G(xample, you could add the directi)-2.65 E -.15(ve)-.25 G
-EP
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-BP
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-/F0 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Name Ser)72 60 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G 2.5(rO).1 G
-(perations Guide f)-2.5 E(or)-.25 E/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 211.564
-(BIND SMM)2.5 F F0(:10-9)A/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(xfrnets 16.0.0.0)167
-96 Q/F3 10/Times-Roman@0 SF .672(if you w)117 112.2 R .671
-(anted to permit only hosts on Class A netw)-.1 F .671
-(ork number 16 to transfer zones from your)-.1 F(serv)117 124.2 Q(er)
--.15 E 7.06(.T)-.55 G 2.061
-(his is not nearly granular enough, and a future v)-7.06 F 2.061
-(ersion of)-.15 F/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(BIND)4.561 E F3 2.061
-(will permit such)4.561 F .259
-(access-control to be speci\214ed on a per)117 136.2 R .259
-(-host basis rather than the current per)-.2 F .258(-net basis.)-.2 F
-.258(Note that)5.258 F 1.085(while addresses without e)117 148.2 R 1.086
-(xplicit masks are assumed by this directi)-.15 F 1.386 -.15(ve t)-.25 H
-3.586(ob).15 G 3.586(en)-3.586 G(etw)-3.586 E 1.086(orks, you can)-.1 F
-.611(specify a mask which is as granular as you wish, perhaps including\
- all bits of the address such)117 160.2 R(that only a single host is gi)
-117 172.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(nt).15 G(ransfer permission.)-2.5 E -.15
-(Fo)5 G 2.5(re).15 G(xample, consider)-2.65 E F2
-(xfrnets 16.1.0.2&255.255.255.255)167 188.4 Q F3 1.588(which w)117 204.6
-R 1.588(ould permit only host)-.1 F F2(16.1.0.2)4.088 E F3 1.588
-(to transfer zones from you.)4.088 F 1.588(Note that no spaces are)6.588
-F(allo)117 216.6 Q(wed surrounding the `)-.25 E(`)-.74 E F2(&)A F3 1.48
--.74('' c)D(haracter that introduces a netmask.).74 E(The)142 232.8 Q F2
-(xfrnets)2.545 E F3(directi)2.545 E .345 -.15(ve m)-.25 H .044
-(ay also be gi).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.544(na).15 G(s)-2.544 E F2
-(tcplist)2.544 E F3 .044(for compatibility with interim releases of)
-2.544 F F4(BIND)117 244.8 Q F3(4.9.)2.5 E F0 2.5(6.1.14. Sorting)102
-280.8 R(Addr)2.5 E(esses)-.18 E F3 .711
-(If there are multiple addresses a)142 297 R -.25(va)-.2 G .712
-(ilable for a name serv).25 F .712(er which)-.15 F F4(BIND)3.212 E F3
--.1(wa)3.212 G .712(nts to contact,).1 F F4(BIND)117 309 Q F3 .052
-(will try the ones it belie)2.553 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.552(sa).15 G .052
-(re `)-2.552 F(`closest')-.74 E 2.552<278c>-.74 G 2.552(rst. `)-2.552 F
-(`Closeness')-.74 E 2.552('i)-.74 G 2.552(sd)-2.552 G .052
-(e\214ned in terms of similar)-2.552 F(-)-.2 E .732
-(ity-of-address; that is, if one address is on the same)117 321 R F2
-(subnet)3.232 E F3 .732(as some interf)3.232 F .732
-(ace of the local host,)-.1 F .684
-(then that address will be tried \214rst.)117 333 R -.15(Fa)5.684 G .683
-(iling that, an address which is on the same).15 F F2(network)3.183 E F3
-(will)3.183 E .835(be tried \214rst.)117 345 R -.15(Fa)5.835 G .835
-(iling that, the).15 F 3.335(yw)-.15 G .835(ill be tried in a more-or)
--3.335 F .835(-less random order unless the)-.2 F F2(sortlist)3.335 E F3
-(directi)117 357 Q 1.157 -.15(ve w)-.25 H .857(as gi).05 F -.15(ve)-.25
-G 3.357(ni).15 G 3.357(nt)-3.357 G(he)-3.357 E F2(named.boot)3.357 E F3
-(\214le.)3.357 E F2(sortlist)5.856 E F3 .856(has a syntax similar to)
-3.356 F F2(forwar)3.356 E(der)-.37 E(s)-.1 E F3(,)A F2(xfrnets)3.356 E
-F3(,)A(and)117 369 Q F2(bo)3.576 E(gusns)-.1 E F3 3.576<8a79>3.576 G
-1.076(ou gi)-3.576 F 1.376 -.15(ve i)-.25 H 3.576(tal).15 G 1.076
-(ist of dotted-quad netw)-3.576 F 1.077(orks and it uses these to `)-.1
-F(`prefer')-.74 E 3.577('s)-.74 G(ome)-3.577 E .319(remote name serv)117
-381 R .319(er addresses o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.819(ro).15 G 2.819
-(thers. If)-2.819 F .319(no e)2.819 F .319(xplicit mask is pro)-.15 F
-.318(vided with each element of)-.15 F(a)117 393 Q F2(sortlist)2.5 E F3
-2.5(,o)C(ne will be inferred based on the high order address bits.)-2.5
-E .28(If you are on a Class C net which has a Class B net between you a\
-nd the rest of the Inter)142 409.2 R(-)-.2 E .897
-(net, you could try to impro)117 421.2 R 1.197 -.15(ve t)-.15 H .897
-(he name serv).15 F(er')-.15 E 3.397(sl)-.55 G .897
-(uck in getting answers by listing the Class B)-3.397 F(netw)117 433.2 Q
-(ork')-.1 E 3.12(sn)-.55 G .62(umber in a)-3.12 F F2(sortlist)3.12 E F3
-(directi)3.121 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.621(.T).15 G .621(his should ha)-5.621
-F .921 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .621(he ef).15 F .621(fect of trying `)-.25 F
-(`closer')-.74 E 3.121('s)-.74 G(erv)-3.121 E(ers)-.15 E
-(before the more `)117 445.2 Q(`distant')-.74 E 2.5('o)-.74 G 2.5
-(nes. Note)-2.5 F(that this beha)2.5 E(viour is ne)-.2 E 2.5(wa)-.25 G
-2.5(so)-2.5 G(f)-2.5 E F4(BIND 4.9)2.5 E F3(.)A .195
-(The other and older ef)142 461.4 R .194(fect of the)-.25 F F2(sortlist)
-2.694 E F3(directi)2.694 E .494 -.15(ve i)-.25 H 2.694(st).15 G 2.694
-(oc)-2.694 G(ause)-2.694 E F4(BIND)2.694 E F3 .194(to sort the)2.694 F
-F2(A)2.694 E F3 .194(records in)2.694 F(an)117 473.4 Q 2.564(yr)-.15 G
-.065(esponse it generates, so as to put those which appear on the)-2.564
-F F2(sortlist)2.565 E F3 .065(earlier than those which)2.565 F .538
-(do not.)117 485.4 R .538
-(This is not as helpful as you might think, since man)5.538 F 3.038(yc)
--.15 G .537(lients will reorder the)-3.038 F F2(A)3.037 E F3(records)
-3.037 E .345(either at random or using)117 497.4 R F4(LIFO)2.845 E F3
-2.845(;a)C .345(lso, consider the f)-2.845 F .345(act that the serv)-.1
-F .345(er w)-.15 F(on')-.1 E 2.845(tb)-.18 G 2.845(ea)-2.845 G .346
-(ble to guess the)-2.845 F(client')117 509.4 Q 2.752(sn)-.55 G(etw)
--2.752 E .252(ork topology)-.1 F 2.752(,a)-.65 G .251
-(nd so will not be able to accurately order for `)-2.752 F(`closeness')
--.74 E 2.751('t)-.74 G 2.751(oa)-2.751 G .251(ll pos-)-2.751 F
-(sible clients.)117 521.4 Q(Doing the ordering in the resolv)5 E
-(er is clearly superior)-.15 E(.)-.55 E .83
-(In actual practice, this directi)142 537.6 R 1.131 -.15(ve i)-.25 H
-3.331(su).15 G .831
-(sed only rarely since it hardwires information which)-3.331 F .631
-(changes rapidly; a netw)117 549.6 R .631(ork which is `)-.1 F(`close')
--.74 E 3.131('t)-.74 G .631(oday may be `)-3.131 F(`distant')-.74 E
-3.131('n)-.74 G -.15(ex)-3.131 G 3.131(tm).15 G 3.131(onth. Since)-3.131
-F F4(BIND)3.131 E F3 -.2(bu)117 561.6 S .4
-(ilds up a cache of the remote name serv).2 F .401
-(ers' response times, it will quickly con)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.4 G -.18(rg)
-.15 G 2.901(eo).18 G 2.901(n`)-2.901 G(`rea-)-3.641 E(sonable')117 573.6
-Q 2.904('b)-.74 G(eha)-2.904 E(viour)-.2 E 2.904(,w)-.4 G .404
-(hich isn')-2.904 F 2.904(tt)-.18 G .404(he same as `)-2.904 F
-(`optimal')-.74 E 2.904('b)-.74 G .404(ut it')-3.104 F 2.904(sc)-.55 G
-.404(lose enough.)-2.904 F .403(Future directions)5.403 F(for)117 585.6
-Q F4(BIND)3.212 E F3 .712
-(include choosing addresses based on local interf)3.212 F .713
-(ace metrics \(on hosts that ha)-.1 F 1.013 -.15(ve m)-.2 H(ore).15 E
-.701(than one\) and perhaps on routing table information.)117 597.6 R
-2.301 -.8(We d)5.701 H 3.201(on).8 G .7(ot intend to solv)-3.201 F 3.2
-(et)-.15 G .7(he generalized)-3.2 F -.74(``)117 609.6 S .806
-(multihomed host').74 F 3.306('p)-.74 G .806(roblem, b)-3.306 F .806
-(ut we should be able to do a little better than we')-.2 F .807
-(re doing no)-.5 F -.65(w.)-.25 G(Lik)117 621.6 Q -.25(ew)-.1 G 1.7
-(ise, we hope to see a higher le).25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.199(lr).15 G
-(esolv)-4.199 E 1.699(er library that sorts responses using topology)
--.15 F(information that only e)117 633.6 Q(xists on the client')-.15 E
-2.5(sh)-.55 G(ost.)-2.5 E F0 2.5(6.1.15. Bogus)102 669.6 R(Name Ser)2.5
-E -.1(ve)-.1 G(rs).1 E F3 1.545
-(It happens occasionally that some remote name serv)142 685.8 R 1.545
-(er goes `)-.15 F(`bad')-.74 E 4.046('. Y)-.74 F 1.546(ou can tell your)
--1.1 F .515(name serv)117 697.8 R .515
-(er to refuse to listen to or ask questions of certain other name serv)
--.15 F .514(ers by listing them)-.15 F .135(in a)117 709.8 R F2(bo)2.635
-E(gusns)-.1 E F3(directi)2.635 E .435 -.15(ve i)-.25 H 2.635(ny).15 G
-(our)-2.635 E F2(named.boot)2.635 E F3 2.635(\214le. Its)2.635 F .135
-(syntax is the same as)2.635 F F2(forwar)2.635 E(der)-.37 E(s)-.1 E F3
-(,)A F2(xfrnets)2.635 E F3 2.635(,a)C(nd)-2.635 E F2(sortlist)117 721.8
-Q F3 2.943<8a79>2.943 G .443(ou just gi)-2.943 F .743 -.15(ve i)-.25 H
-2.943(tal).15 G .442(ist of dotted-quad Internet addresses.)-2.943 F
-.442(Note that zones dele)5.442 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .442(ted to).05 F EP
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-/F0 10/Times-Bold@0 SF 203.87(SMM:10-10 Name)72 60 R(Ser)2.5 E -.1(ve)
--.1 G 2.5(rO).1 G(perations Guide f)-2.5 E(or)-.25 E/F1 9/Times-Bold@0
-SF(BIND)2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Roman@0 SF .033(such serv)117 96 R .034
-(ers will not be reachable from clients of your serv)-.15 F .034
-(ers; thus you should use this directi)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
-(sparingly or not at all.)117 108 Q F0 2.5(6.1.16. Segmented)102 144 R
-(Boot Files)2.5 E F2 2.958
-(If you are secondary for a lot of zones, you may \214nd it con)142
-160.2 R -.15(ve)-.4 G 2.957(nient to split your).15 F/F3 10
-/Times-Italic@0 SF(named.boot)117 172.2 Q F2 1.424
-(\214le into a static portion which hardly e)3.923 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
-3.924(rc).15 G 1.424(hanges \(directi)-3.924 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.924(ss)
-.15 G 1.424(uch as)-3.924 F F3(dir)3.924 E(ectory)-.37 E F2(,)A F3
-(sortlist)117 184.2 Q F2(,)A F3(xfrnets)3.492 E F2(and)3.492 E F3(cac)
-3.492 E(he)-.15 E F2 .991
-(could go here\), and dynamic portions that change frequently \(all of)
-3.492 F(your)117 196.2 Q F3(primary)3.458 E F2(directi)3.458 E -.15(ve)
--.25 G 3.458(sm).15 G .958(ight go in one \214le, and all of your)-3.458
-F F3(secondary)3.458 E F2(directi)3.458 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.458(sm).15 G
-.959(ight go in)-3.458 F .024(another \214le \212 and either or both of\
- these might be fetched automatically from some neighbor so)117 208.2 R
-1.153(that the)117 220.2 R 3.653(yc)-.15 G 1.153
-(an change your list of secondary zones without requiring your acti)
--3.653 F 1.454 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nterv).15 E(ention\).)-.15 E -1.1(Yo)117
-232.2 S 2.66(uc)1.1 G .16(an accomplish this via the)-2.66 F F3(include)
-2.66 E F2(directi)2.66 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.66(,w).15 G .16(hich tak)-2.66
-F .16(es just a single \214le name as its ar)-.1 F(gu-)-.18 E 3.772
-(ment. No)117 244.2 R 1.272(quotes are needed around the \214le name.)
-3.772 F 1.273(The \214le name will be e)6.273 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.273
-(luated after the).25 F .169(name serv)117 256.2 R .169
-(er has changed its w)-.15 F .169
-(orking directory to that speci\214ed in the)-.1 F F3(dir)2.668 E
-(ectory)-.37 E F2(directi)2.668 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.668(,s).15 G 2.668
-(oy)-2.668 G(ou)-2.668 E(can use relati)117 268.2 Q .3 -.15(ve p)-.25 H
-(athnames if your system supports them.).15 E F0 2.5(6.2. Resolv)87
-304.2 R(er Con\214guration)-.1 E F2 .467(The con\214guration \214le')127
-320.4 R 2.967(sn)-.55 G .467(ame is)-2.967 F F3(/etc/r)2.968 E(esolv)
--.37 E(.conf)-.74 E F2 5.468(.T)C .468
-(his \214le designates the name serv)-5.468 F .468(ers on the)-.15 F
-(netw)102 332.4 Q .358(ork that should be sent queries.)-.1 F .358
-(The resolv)5.358 F .358(er will try to contact a name serv)-.15 F .357
-(er on the localhost)-.15 F .05
-(if it cannot \214nd its con\214guration \214le.)102 344.4 R -1.1(Yo)
-5.05 G 2.55(us)1.1 G .05(hould install the con\214guration \214le on e)
--2.55 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .05(ry host an).15 F(yw)-.15 E(ay)-.1 E(,)-.65 E
-.461(since this is the only recommended w)102 356.4 R .461
-(ay to specify a system-le)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.96(ld).15 G(ef)-2.96 E
-.46(ault domain, and you can still)-.1 F 1.017(list the local host')102
-368.4 R 3.517(sa)-.55 G 1.018(ddress if it runs a name serv)-3.517 F(er)
--.15 E 6.018(.I)-.55 G 3.518(ti)-6.018 G 3.518(sc)-3.518 G 1.018
-(onsidered reasonable to create this \214le)-3.518 F -2.15 -.25(ev e)102
-380.4 T 2.786(ni).25 G 2.786(fy)-2.786 G .286(ou run a local serv)-2.786
-F(er)-.15 E 2.785(,s)-.4 G .285
-(ince its contents will be cached by each client of the resolv)-2.785 F
-.285(er library)-.15 F(when the client mak)102 392.4 Q
-(es its \214rst call to a resolv)-.1 E(er routine.)-.15 E(The)127 408.6
-Q F3 -.37(re)2.5 G(solv).37 E(.conf)-.74 E F2(\214le contains directi)
-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(s, one per line, of the follo).15 E(wing forms:)
--.25 E 2.5(;c)152 424.8 S(omment)-2.5 E 2.5(#a)152 436.8 S
-(nother comment)-2.5 E(domain)152 448.8 Q F3(local-domain)2.5 E F2
-(search)152 460.8 Q F3(sear)2.5 E -.15(ch)-.37 G(-list).15 E F2
-(nameserv)152 472.8 Q(er)-.15 E F3(server)2.5 E(-addr)-.2 E(ess)-.37 E
-F2(sortlist)152 484.8 Q F3(sort-list)2.5 E F2(options)152 496.8 Q F3
-(option-list)2.5 E F2 .053(Exactly one of the)102 513 R F3(domain)2.553
-E F2(or)2.554 E F3(sear)2.554 E -.15(ch)-.37 G F2(directi)2.704 E -.15
-(ve)-.25 G 2.554(ss).15 G .054(hould be gi)-2.554 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .054
-(n, e).15 F .054(xactly once.)-.15 F .054(If the)5.054 F F3(sear)2.554 E
--.15(ch)-.37 G F2(directi)2.704 E -.15(ve)-.25 G .76(is gi)102 525 R
--.15(ve)-.25 G .76(n, the \214rst item in the gi).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n)
-.15 E F3(sear)3.26 E -.15(ch)-.37 G(-list).15 E F2 .76(will o)3.26 F
--.15(ve)-.15 G .76(rride an).15 F 3.26(yp)-.15 G(re)-3.26 E
-(viously-speci\214ed)-.25 E F3(local-domain)3.26 E F2(.)A(The)102 537 Q
-F3(nameserver)3.17 E F2(directi)3.17 E .97 -.15(ve m)-.25 H .67
-(ay be gi).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.17(nu).15 G 3.17(pt)-3.17 G 3.17(ot)
--3.17 G .67(hree times; additional)-3.17 F F3(nameserver)3.17 E F2
-(directi)3.17 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.17(sw).15 G .67(ill be)-3.17 F 2.967
-(ignored. Comments)102 549 R .467(may be gi)2.967 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.966
-(nb).15 G 2.966(ys)-2.966 G .466(tarting a line with a `)-2.966 F(`)-.74
-E F0(;)1.666 E F2 1.946 -.74('' o)1.666 H 2.966(r`).74 G(`)-3.706 E F0
-(#)1.666 E F2 -.74('')1.666 G 2.966(;n).74 G .466
-(ote that comments were)-2.966 F .797(not permitted in v)102 561 R .797
-(ersions of the resolv)-.15 F .797
-(er earlier than the one included with)-.15 F/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF .798
-(BIND 4.9)3.298 F F2 3.298<8a73>3.298 G 3.298(oi)-3.298 G 3.298(fy)
--3.298 G(our)-3.298 E -.15(ve)102 573 S(ndor').15 E 2.5(sr)-.55 G(esolv)
--2.5 E(er supports comments, you kno)-.15 E 2.5(wt)-.25 G(he)-2.5 E 2.5
-(ya)-.15 G(re really on the ball.)-2.5 E(The)127 589.2 Q F3
-(local-domain)3.499 E F2 .999(will be appended to an)3.499 F 3.498(yq)
--.15 G .998(uery-name that does not contain a `)-3.498 F(`)-.74 E F0(.)
-1.666 E F2 -.74('')1.666 G(.).74 E F3(local-)5.998 E(domain)102 601.2 Q
-F2 .628(can be o)3.128 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .629(rridden on a per).15 F .629
-(-process basis by setting the)-.2 F F4(LOCALDOMAIN)3.129 E F2(en)3.129
-E .629(vironment v)-.4 F(ari-)-.25 E 2.5(able. Note)102 613.2 R(that)2.5
-E F3(local-domain)2.5 E F2
-(processing can be disabled by setting an option in the resolv)2.5 E(er)
--.15 E(.)-.55 E(The)127 629.4 Q F3(sear)2.79 E -.15(ch)-.37 G(-list).15
-E F2 .29(is a list of domains which are tried, in order)2.79 F 2.79(,a)
--.4 G 2.79(sq)-2.79 G .29(ualifying domains for query-)-2.79 F .688
-(names which do not contain a `)102 641.4 R(`)-.74 E F0(.)1.666 E F2
--.74('')1.666 G 5.688(.N).74 G .688(ote that)-5.688 F F3(sear)3.188 E
--.15(ch)-.37 G(-list).15 E F2 .688
-(processing can be disabled by setting an)3.188 F .14
-(option in the resolv)102 653.4 R(er)-.15 E 5.14(.A)-.55 G .14
-(lso note that the en)-5.14 F .139(vironment v)-.4 F .139(ariable `)-.25
-F(`)-.74 E F4(LOCALDOMAIN)A F2 1.619 -.74('' c)D .139(an o).74 F -.15
-(ve)-.15 G .139(rride this).15 F F3(sear)102 665.4 Q -.15(ch)-.37 G
-(-list).15 E F2(on a per)2.5 E(-process basis.)-.2 E(The)127 681.6 Q F3
-(server)2.594 E(-addr)-.2 E(ess)-.37 E F2 1.194 -.55('s a)1.666 H .094
-(re aggre).55 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .094(ted and then used as the def).05 F
-.094(ault destination of queries gener)-.1 F(-)-.2 E .167
-(ated through the resolv)102 693.6 R(er)-.15 E 5.166(.I)-.55 G 2.666(no)
--5.166 G .166(ther w)-2.666 F .166(ords, this is the w)-.1 F .166
-(ay you tell the resolv)-.1 F .166(er which name serv)-.15 F .166
-(ers it)-.15 F .907(should use.)102 705.6 R .907
-(It is possible for a gi)5.907 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.407(nc).15 G .907
-(lient application to o)-3.407 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .908
-(rride this list, and this is often done).15 F 1.499
-(inside the name serv)102 717.6 R 1.498(er \(which is itself a)-.15 F F3
--.37(re)3.998 G(solver).37 E F2 1.498
-(client\) and in test programs such as)3.998 F F3(nslookup)3.998 E F2(.)
-A EP
-%%Page: 11 11
-%%BeginPageSetup
-BP
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-/F0 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Name Ser)72 60 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G 2.5(rO).1 G
-(perations Guide f)-2.5 E(or)-.25 E/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 206.564
-(BIND SMM)2.5 F F0(:10-11)A/F2 10/Times-Roman@0 SF .748
-(Note that if you wish to list the local host in your resolv)102 96 R
-.749(er con\214guration \214le, you should probably)-.15 F .893(use its\
- primary Internet address rather than a local-host alias such as 127.0.\
-0.1 or 0.0.0.0.)102 108 R .892(This is)5.892 F .192(due to a b)102 120 R
-.192(ug in the handling of connected)-.2 F/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF
-(SOCK_DGRAM)2.692 E F2(sock)2.692 E .192(ets in some v)-.1 F .192
-(ersions of the)-.15 F/F4 11/Times-Roman@0 SF(BSD)2.692 E F2(net-)2.692
-E -.1(wo)102 132 S 1.32(rking code.).1 F 1.319(If you must use an addre\
-ss-alias, you should prefer 0.0.0.0 \(or simply `)6.32 F(`0')-.74 E
-1.319('\) o)-.74 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(r).15 E .824(127.0.0.1, though be w)
-102 144 R .824(arned that depending on the vintage of your)-.1 F F3(BSD)
-3.325 E F2(-deri)A -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.325(dn).15 G(etw)-3.325 E .825
-(orking code,)-.1 F .98(both of them are capable of f)102 156 R .98
-(ailing in their o)-.1 F .98(wn w)-.25 F 3.48(ays. If)-.1 F .98
-(your host')3.48 F 3.48(sI)-.55 G 3.48(Pi)-3.48 G .98
-(mplementation does not)-3.48 F .35
-(create a short-circuit route between the def)102 168 R .351
-(ault interf)-.1 F .351(ace and the loopback interf)-.1 F .351
-(ace, then you might)-.1 F(also w)102 180 Q
-(ant to add a static route \(e)-.1 E(g. in)-.15 E F0(/etc/r)2.5 E
-(c.local)-.18 E F2 2.5(\)t)C 2.5(od)-2.5 G 2.5(os)-2.5 G(o:)-2.5 E/F5 10
-/Times-Italic@0 SF -.45(ro)152 196.2 S
-(ute add myhost.domain.name localhost 1).45 E F2(The)127 216.6 Q F5
-(sort-list)3.203 E F2 .702(is a list of IP address, netmask pairs. Addr\
-esses returned by gethostbyname are)3.203 F .472
-(sorted to the order speci\214ed by this list.)102 228.6 R(An)5.472 E
-2.972(ya)-.15 G .473
-(ddresses that do not match the address netmask pair)-2.972 F .346(will\
- be returned after those that do. The netmask is optional and the natur\
-al netmask will be used if)102 240.6 R(not speci\214ed.)102 252.6 Q(The)
-127 268.8 Q F5(option-list)3.132 E F2 .633
-(is a list of options which each o)3.132 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .633
-(rride some internal resolv).15 F .633(er v)-.15 F 3.133(ariable. Sup-)
--.25 F(ported options at this time are:)102 280.8 Q F0(deb)102 297 Q(ug)
--.2 E F2(sets the)127 309 Q F3(RES_DEB)2.5 E(UG)-.09 E F2(bit in)2.5 E
-F0(_r)2.5 E(es.options)-.18 E F2(.)A F0(ndots:)102 325.2 Q F5(n)A F2
-.367(sets the lo)127 337.2 R .367(wer threshold \(measured in `)-.25 F
-.366(`number of dots')-.74 F .366('\) on names gi)-.74 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
-2.866(nt).15 G(o)-2.866 E F5 -.37(re)2.866 G(s_query).37 E F2 .366
-(\(\) such)B .407(that names with at least this number of dots will be \
-tried as absolute names before an)127 349.2 R(y)-.15 E F5(local-)2.908 E
-(domain)127 361.2 Q F2(or)2.5 E F5(sear)2.5 E -.15(ch)-.37 G(-list).15 E
-F2(processing is done.)2.5 E(The def)5 E(ault for this internal v)-.1 E
-(ariable is `)-.25 E(`1')-.74 E('.)-.74 E F0 2.5(6.3. Cache)87 397.2 R
-(Initialization File)2.5 E 2.5(6.3.1. r)102 421.2 R(oot.cache)-.18 E F2
-.454(The name serv)142 437.4 R .454(er needs to kno)-.15 F 2.954(wt)-.25
-G .454(he serv)-2.954 F .454(ers that are the authoritati)-.15 F .754
--.15(ve n)-.25 H .454(ame serv).15 F .454(ers for the)-.15 F 1.56
-(root domain of the netw)117 449.4 R 4.06(ork. T)-.1 F 4.06(od)-.8 G
-4.06(ot)-4.06 G 1.56(his we ha)-4.06 F 1.86 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 4.06(op).15
-G 1.56(rime the name serv)-4.06 F(er')-.15 E 4.06(sc)-.55 G 1.56
-(ache with the)-4.06 F .509(addresses of these higher authorities.)117
-461.4 R .509
-(The location of this \214le is speci\214ed in the boot \214le.)5.509 F
-(This)5.508 E 1.017(\214le uses the Standard Resource Record F)117 473.4
-R 1.018(ormat \(aka. Master\214le F)-.15 F 1.018(ormat\) co)-.15 F -.15
-(ve)-.15 G 1.018(red further on in).15 F(this paper)117 485.4 Q(.)-.55 E
-F0 2.5(6.4. Domain)87 521.4 R(Data Files)2.5 E F2 2.276(There are tw)127
-537.6 R 4.776(os)-.1 G 2.275
-(tandard \214les for specifying the data for a domain.)-4.776 F 2.275
-(These are)7.275 F F5(hosts)4.775 E F2(and)4.775 E F5(host.r)102 549.6 Q
--.15(ev)-.37 G F2 6.189(.T).15 G 1.189
-(hese \214les use the Standard Resource Record F)-6.189 F 1.189
-(ormat co)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.19(red later in this paper).15 F 6.19
-(.N)-.55 G(ote)-6.19 E .804(that the \214le names are arbitrary; man)102
-561.6 R 3.304(yn)-.15 G(etw)-3.304 E .804
-(ork administrators prefer to name their zone \214les after)-.1 F .908
-(the domains the)102 573.6 R 3.408(yc)-.15 G .908
-(ontain, especially in the a)-3.408 F -.15(ve)-.2 G .908
-(rage case which is where a gi).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.408(ns).15 G(erv)
--3.408 E .909(er is primary)-.15 F(and/or secondary for man)102 585.6 Q
-2.5(yd)-.15 G(if)-2.5 E(ferent zones.)-.25 E F0 2.5(6.4.1. hosts)102
-609.6 R F2 .495
-(This \214le contains all the data about the machines in this zone.)142
-625.8 R .494(The location of this \214le is)5.495 F
-(speci\214ed in the boot \214le.)117 637.8 Q F0 2.5(6.4.2. hosts.r)102
-661.8 R -.15(ev)-.18 G F2 1.076(This \214le speci\214es the IN-ADDR)142
-678 R 1.666(.A)1.666 G(RP)-1.666 E 3.576(Ad)-.92 G 3.576(omain. This)
--3.576 F 1.077(is a special domain for allo)3.577 F(wing)-.25 E .252
-(address to name mapping.)117 690 R .251
-(As internet host addresses do not f)5.252 F .251
-(all within domain boundaries, this)-.1 F .624(special domain w)117 702
-R .624(as formed to allo)-.1 F 3.124(wi)-.25 G -1.85 -.4(nv e)-3.124 H
-.624(rse mapping.).4 F .624(The IN-ADDR)5.624 F 1.666(.A)1.666 G(RP)
--1.666 E 3.124(Ad)-.92 G .624(omain has four)-3.124 F 1.694(labels prec\
-eding it. These labels correspond to the 4 octets of an Internet addres\
-s.)117 714 R 1.694(All four)6.694 F EP
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-/F0 10/Times-Bold@0 SF 203.87(SMM:10-12 Name)72 60 R(Ser)2.5 E -.1(ve)
--.1 G 2.5(rO).1 G(perations Guide f)-2.5 E(or)-.25 E/F1 9/Times-Bold@0
-SF(BIND)2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Roman@0 SF 2.1(octets must be speci\214ed e)
-117 96 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.601(ni).15 G 4.601(fa)-4.601 G 4.601(no)-4.601
-G 2.101(ctet contains zero.)-4.601 F 2.101
-(The Internet address 128.32.0.4 is)7.101 F .079
-(located in the domain 4)117 108 R 1.666(.0.3)1.666 G 1.666(2.1)-1.666 G
--.834(28 . IN-ADDR . ARP)-1.666 F 2.578(A. This)-.92 F(re)2.578 E -.15
-(ve)-.25 G .078(rsal of the address is a).15 F(wkw)-.15 E(ard)-.1 E
-(to read b)117 120 Q(ut allo)-.2 E
-(ws for the natural grouping of hosts in a netw)-.25 E(ork.)-.1 E F0 2.5
-(6.4.3. named.local)102 144 R F2 .55(This \214le speci\214es the)142
-160.2 R/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(PTR)3.05 E F2 .55
-(record for the local loopback interf)3.05 F .55(ace, better kno)-.1 F
-.55(wn as)-.25 F F3(local-)3.05 E(host)117 172.2 Q F2 2.543(,w)C .043
-(hose netw)-2.543 F .043(ork address is 127.0.0.1.)-.1 F .043
-(The location of this \214le is speci\214ed in the boot \214le.)5.043 F
-(It)5.042 E .346(is vitally important to the proper operation of e)117
-184.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .346(ry name serv).15 F .346
-(er that the 127.0.0.1 address ha)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G(a)117 196.2 Q F3
-(PTR)3.169 E F2 .668(record pointing back to the name `)3.169 F(`)-.74 E
-F0(localhost.)A F2 -.74('')C 5.668(.T).74 G .668(he name of this)-5.668
-F F3(PTR)3.168 E F2 .668(record is al)3.168 F -.1(wa)-.1 G(ys).1 E -.74
-(``)117 208.2 S F0(1.0.0.127.).74 E F1(IN-ADDR.ARP)A(A)-.666 E F2 -.74
-('')C 5.853(.T).74 G .854(his is necessary if you w)-5.853 F .854
-(ant your users to be able to use host-)-.1 F .015
-(name-authentication \()117 220.2 R F3(hosts.equiv)A F2(or)2.515 E F3
-(~/.rhosts)2.515 E F2 2.515(\)o)C 2.515(nt)-2.515 G .015(he name `)
--2.515 F(`)-.74 E F0(localhost)A F2 -.74('')C 5.015(.A).74 G 2.515(si)
--5.015 G .015(mplied by this)-2.515 F F3(PTR)2.515 E F2 1.418
-(record, there should be a `)117 232.2 R(`)-.74 E F0(localhost.)A F3(my)
-A(.dom.ain)-.55 E F2 -.74('')C F3(A)4.658 E F2 1.419
-(record \(with address 127.0.0.1\) in e)3.918 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ry).15 E
-.492(domain that contains hosts.)117 244.2 R -.74(``)5.492 G F0
-(localhost.).74 E F2 1.972 -.74('' w)D .492
-(ill lose its trailing dot when).74 F F0(1.0.0.127.in-addr)2.991 E(.ar)
--1 E(pa)-.1 E F2 .451(is queried for; then, the DEFN)117 256.2 R .451
-(AMES and/or DNSRCH resolv)-.35 F .451(er options will cause `)-.15 F(`)
--.74 E F0(localhost)A F2 -.74('')C .518(to be e)117 268.2 R -.25(va)-.25
-G .517(luated as a host name in the local domain, and that means the to\
-p domains \(or ideally).25 F(,)-.65 E -2.15 -.25(ev e)117 280.2 T
-(ry domain\) in your resolv).25 E(er')-.15 E 2.5(ss)-.55 G
-(earch path had better ha)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.2 H
-(omething by that name.).15 E F0 2.5(6.5. Standard)87 304.2 R(Resour)2.5
-E(ce Record F)-.18 E(ormat)-.25 E F2 .36(The records in the name serv)
-127 320.4 R .361(er data \214les are called resource records.)-.15 F
-.361(The Standard Resource)5.361 F 1.96(Record F)102 332.4 R 1.96
-(ormat \(RR\) is speci\214ed in RFC1035.)-.15 F 1.959(The follo)6.959 F
-1.959(wing is a general description of these)-.25 F(records:)102 344.4 Q
-F3 12.5({name} {ttl})102 360.6 R(addr)16.6 E 10.82(-class Recor)-.2 F
-2.5(dT)-.37 G 13.92(ype Recor)-3.24 F 2.5(dS)-.37 G(peci\214c data)-2.5
-E F2 1.24(Resource records ha)102 376.8 R 1.54 -.15(ve a s)-.2 H 1.24
-(tandard format sho).15 F 1.241(wn abo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 6.241(.T)
-.15 G 1.241(he \214rst \214eld is al)-6.241 F -.1(wa)-.1 G 1.241
-(ys the name of the).1 F .771(domain record and it must al)102 388.8 R
--.1(wa)-.1 G .771(ys start in column 1.).1 F -.15(Fo)5.771 G 3.271(ra)
-.15 G .771(ll RR')-3.271 F 3.271(so)-.55 G .771
-(ther than the \214rst in a \214le, the)-3.271 F .127
-(name may be left blank; in that case it tak)102 400.8 R .128
-(es on the name of the pre)-.1 F .128(vious RR.)-.25 F .128
-(The second \214eld is an)5.128 F .02(optional time to li)102 412.8 R
-.32 -.15(ve \214)-.25 H 2.52(eld. This).15 F .02(speci\214es ho)2.52 F
-2.52(wl)-.25 G .019(ong this data will be stored in the data base.)-2.52
-F .019(By lea)5.019 F(v-)-.2 E .275(ing this \214eld blank the def)102
-424.8 R .275(ault time to li)-.1 F .576 -.15(ve i)-.25 H 2.776(ss).15 G
-.276(peci\214ed in the)-2.776 F F3 .276(Start Of A)2.776 F(uthority)-.2
-E F2 .276(resource record \(see)2.776 F(belo)102 436.8 Q 3.466(w\). The)
--.25 F .966(third \214eld is the address class; currently)3.466 F 3.466
-(,o)-.65 G .965(nly one class is supported:)-3.466 F F3(IN)3.465 E F2
-.965(for internet)3.465 F .322
-(addresses and other internet information.)102 448.8 R .322
-(Limited support is included for the)5.322 F F3(HS)2.822 E F2 .322
-(class, which is for)2.822 F 1.322(MIT/Athena `)102 460.8 R(`Hesiod')
--.74 E 3.822('i)-.74 G 3.822(nformation. The)-3.822 F 1.321
-(fourth \214eld states the type of the resource record.)3.822 F(The)
-6.321 E 1.08(\214elds after that are dependent on the type of the RR.)
-102 472.8 R 1.08(Case is preserv)6.08 F 1.08
-(ed in names and data \214elds)-.15 F .843
-(when loaded into the name serv)102 484.8 R(er)-.15 E 5.843(.A)-.55 G
-.843(ll comparisons and lookups in the name serv)-5.843 F .843
-(er data base are)-.15 F(case insensiti)102 496.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(.).15
-E F0(The f)102 520.8 Q(ollo)-.25 E(wing characters ha)-.1 E .2 -.1(ve s)
--.25 H(pecial meanings:).1 E F2 -.74(``)102 537 S F0(.).74 E F2 9.64
--.74('' A)D
-(free standing dot in the name \214eld refers to the root domain.)3.24 E
--.74(``)102 553.2 S(@').74 E 3.95('A)-.74 G
-(free standing @ in the name \214eld denotes the current origin.)-1.45 E
--.74(``)102 569.4 S(\\X').74 E 3.16('W)-.74 G 1.476(here X is an)-3.16 F
-3.977(yc)-.15 G 1.477(haracter other than a digit \(0-9\), quotes that \
-character so that its special)-3.977 F(meaning does not apply)127 581.4
-Q 5(.F)-.65 G(or e)-5.15 E(xample, `)-.15 E(`\\.)-.74 E 1.48 -.74('' c)
--.7 H(an be used to place a dot character in a label.).74 E -.74(``)102
-597.6 S(\\DDD').74 E(')-.74 E .164(Where each D is a digit, is the octe\
-t corresponding to the decimal number described by DDD.)127 609.6 R
-(The resulting octet is assumed to be te)127 621.6 Q
-(xt and is not check)-.15 E(ed for special meaning.)-.1 E -.74(``)102
-637.8 S 2.5(\(\)).74 G 2.98 -.74('' P)-2.5 H .277
-(arentheses are used to group data that crosses a line.).59 F .278
-(In ef)5.278 F .278(fect, line terminations are not rec-)-.25 F .99
-(ognized within parentheses.)127 649.8 R .99
-(\(At present, this notation only w)5.99 F .99(orks for SO)-.1 F 3.49
-(AR)-.35 G(R')-3.49 E 3.49(sa)-.55 G .99(nd is not)-3.49 F(optional.\))
-127 661.8 Q -.74(``)102 678 S(;').74 E 10.38('S)-.74 G 1.416
-(emicolon starts a comment; the remainder of the line is ignored.)-10.38
-F 1.416(Note that a completely)6.416 F
-(blank line is also considered a comment, and ignored.)127 690 Q EP
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-/F0 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Name Ser)72 60 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G 2.5(rO).1 G
-(perations Guide f)-2.5 E(or)-.25 E/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 206.564
-(BIND SMM)2.5 F F0(:10-13)A/F2 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.74(``)102 96 S(*')
-.74 E 8.16('A)-.74 G 3.193(na)-8.16 G .693
-(sterisk signi\214es wildcarding.)-3.193 F .692
-(Note that this is just another data character whose special)5.693 F
-1.677(meaning comes about only during internal name serv)127 108 R 1.677
-(er search operations.)-.15 F -.4(Wi)6.678 G 1.678(ldcarding is).4 F
-.642(only meaningful for some RR types \(notably)127 120 R/F3 10
-/Times-Italic@0 SF(MX)3.142 E F2 .642
-(\), and then only in the name \214eld \212 not in)B(the data \214elds.)
-127 132 Q(An)127 148.2 Q .343(ywhere a name appears \212 either in the \
-name \214eld or in some data \214eld de\214ned to contain)-.15 F .386(n\
-ames \212 the current origin will be appended if the name does not end \
-in a `)102 160.2 R(`)-.74 E F0(.)1.666 E F2 -.74('')1.666 G 5.386(.T).74
-G .385(his is useful for)-5.386 F .911(appending the current domain nam\
-e to the data, such as machine names, b)102 172.2 R .911
-(ut may cause problems)-.2 F 1.504(where you do not w)102 184.2 R 1.504
-(ant this to happen.)-.1 F 4.003(Ag)6.503 G 1.503
-(ood rule of thumb is that, if the name is not in the)-4.003 F(domain f\
-or which you are creating the data \214le, end the name with a `)102
-196.2 Q(`)-.74 E F0(.)A F2 -.74('')C(.).74 E F0 2.5(6.5.1. $INCLUDE)102
-220.2 R F2 .92(An include line be)142 236.4 R .921
-(gins with $INCLUDE, starting in column 1, and is follo)-.15 F .921
-(wed by a \214le)-.25 F 1.086(name, and, optionally)117 248.4 R 3.586
-(,b)-.65 G 3.586(yan)-3.586 G 1.585 -.25(ew t)-3.586 H 1.085
-(emporary $ORIGIN to be used while reading this \214le.).25 F(This)6.085
-E .454(feature is particularly useful for separating dif)117 260.4 R
-.454(ferent types of data into multiple \214les.)-.25 F .455(An e)5.455
-F(xam-)-.15 E(ple w)117 272.4 Q(ould be:)-.1 E
-($INCLUDE /usr/local/adm/named/data/mail-e)167 288.6 Q(xchanges)-.15 E
-2.076(The line w)117 304.8 R 2.076
-(ould be interpreted as a request to load the \214le)-.1 F F3
-(/usr/local/adm/named/data/mail-)4.575 E -.2(ex)117 316.8 S -.15(ch).2 G
-(ang).15 E(es)-.1 E F2 5.278(.T)C .279
-(he $INCLUDE command does not cause data to be loaded into a dif)-5.278
-F .279(ferent zone or)-.25 F 1.111(tree. This is simply a w)117 328.8 R
-1.111(ay to allo)-.1 F 3.611(wd)-.25 G 1.111(ata for a gi)-3.611 F -.15
-(ve)-.25 G 3.611(np).15 G 1.111(rimary zone to be or)-3.611 F -.05(ga)
--.18 G 1.111(nized in separate).05 F 3.467(\214les. Not)117 340.8 R
--2.15 -.25(ev e)3.467 H 3.467(nt).25 G .967(he `)-3.467 F .968
-(`temporary $ORIGIN')-.74 F 3.468('f)-.74 G .968(eature described abo)
--3.468 F 1.268 -.15(ve i)-.15 H 3.468(ss).15 G(uf)-3.468 E .968
-(\214cient to cause your)-.25 F .562(data to branch out into some other\
- zone \212 zone boundaries can only be introduced in the boot)117 352.8
-R(\214le.)117 364.8 Q 2.647(A$)142 381 S .147(INCLUDE \214le must ha)
--2.647 F .448 -.15(ve a n)-.2 H .148(ame on its \214rst RR.).15 F .148
-(That is, the \214rst character of the \214rst)5.148 F 1.316
-(non-comment line must not be a space.)117 393 R 1.316(The current def)
-6.316 F 1.315(ault name in the parent \214le)-.1 F F3 1.315(does not)
-3.815 F F2(carry into the $INCLUDE \214le.)117 405 Q F0 2.5
-(6.5.2. $ORIGIN)102 429 R F2 .434(The origin is a w)142 445.2 R .434
-(ay of changing the origin in a data \214le.)-.1 F .435
-(The line starts in column 1, and)5.434 F 1.072(is follo)117 457.2 R
-1.072(wed by a domain origin.)-.25 F 1.071(This seems lik)6.071 F 3.571
-(ei)-.1 G 3.571(tc)-3.571 G 1.071
-(ould be useful for putting more then one)-3.571 F 1.335
-(zone into a data \214le, b)117 469.2 R 1.335(ut that')-.2 F 3.836(sn)
--.55 G 1.336(ot ho)-3.836 F 3.836(wi)-.25 G 3.836(tw)-3.836 G 3.836
-(orks. The)-3.936 F 1.336(name serv)3.836 F 1.336
-(er fundamentally requires a)-.15 F(gi)117 481.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.67
-(nz).15 G 1.17(one to map entirely to some speci\214c \214le.)-3.67 F
--1.1(Yo)6.17 G 3.67(us)1.1 G 1.17(hould therefore be v)-3.67 F 1.17
-(ery careful to use)-.15 F .584
-($ORIGIN only once at the top of a \214le, or)117 493.2 R 3.084(,w)-.4 G
-.585(ithin a \214le, to change to a `)-3.084 F(`lo)-.74 E(wer')-.25 E
-3.085('d)-.74 G .585(omain in the)-3.085 F 2.5(zone \212)117 505.2 R(ne)
-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(rt).15 G 2.5(os)-2.5 G
-(ome other zone altogether)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F0 2.5(6.5.3. SO)102 529.2 R
-2.5(A-S)-.4 G(tart Of A)-2.5 E(uthority)-.5 E F3 12.5(name {ttl})117
-549.6 R(addr)16.6 E 10.82(-class SO)-.2 F 47.22(AO)-.55 G 73.77(rigin P)
--47.22 F(er)-.8 E(son in c)-.1 E(har)-.15 E -.1(ge)-.37 G F2 60.39(@I)
-117 561.6 S 44.79(NS)-60.39 G 43.55 -.35(OA u)-44.79 H(cb).35 E -.25(va)
--.15 G(x).25 E F0(.)A F2(Berk)A(ele)-.1 E(y)-.15 E F0(.)A F2(Edu)A F0(.)
-A F2(kjd)15 E F0(.)A F2(ucb)A -.25(va)-.15 G(x).25 E F0(.)A F2(Berk)A
-(ele)-.1 E(y)-.15 E F0(.)A F2(Edu)A F0(.)A F2(\()2.5 E 12.5
-(1995122103 ;)241.94 573.6 R(Serial)2.5 E 37.5(10800 ;)241.94 585.6 R
-(Refresh)2.5 E 42.5(1800 ;)241.94 597.6 R(Retry)2.5 E 27.5(3600000 ;)
-241.94 609.6 R(Expire)2.5 E(259200 \))241.94 621.6 Q 2.5(;M)29.17 G
-(inimum)-2.5 E(The)117 642 Q F3 .434(Start of A)2.934 F(uthority)-.2 E
-2.934(,S)-.55 G -.55(OA)-2.934 G(,).55 E F2 .434
-(record designates the start of a zone.)2.934 F .434
-(The name is the name of the)5.434 F .787(zone and is often gi)117 654 R
--.15(ve)-.25 G 3.287(na).15 G 3.287(s`)-3.287 G(`@')-4.027 E 3.287('s)
--.74 G .787(ince this is al)-3.287 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .787
-(ys the current $ORIGIN and the SO).1 F 3.288(AR)-.35 G 3.288(Ri)-3.288
-G(s)-3.288 E 1.009
-(usually the \214rst record of the primary zone \214le.)117 666 R 1.008
-(Origin is the name of the host on which this)6.008 F .868
-(data \214le resides \(in other w)117 678 R .868(ords, the)-.1 F F3 .868
-(primary master)3.368 F F2(serv)3.368 E .868(er for this zone.\))-.15 F
-.868(Person in char)5.868 F .869(ge is)-.18 F .67
-(the e-mail address for the person responsible for the name serv)117 690
-R(er)-.15 E 3.17(,w)-.4 G .67(ith `)-3.17 F(`@')-.74 E 3.17('c)-.74 G
-.67(hanged to a `)-3.17 F(`.)-.74 E -.74('')-.7 G(.).74 E .994
-(The serial number is the v)117 702 R .994
-(ersion number of this data \214le and must be a positi)-.15 F 1.295
--.15(ve i)-.25 H(nte).15 E(ger)-.15 E 5.995(.T)-.55 G(his)-5.995 E EP
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-/F0 10/Times-Bold@0 SF 203.87(SMM:10-14 Name)72 60 R(Ser)2.5 E -.1(ve)
--.1 G 2.5(rO).1 G(perations Guide f)-2.5 E(or)-.25 E/F1 9/Times-Bold@0
-SF(BIND)2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Roman@0 SF .903
-(number must be incremented whene)117 96 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.403(rac).15
-G .903(hange is made to the data.)-3.403 F .902(Older serv)5.903 F .902
-(ers permitted)-.15 F 1.5(the use of a phantom `)117 108 R(`.)-.74 E
-2.98 -.74('' i)-.7 H 4(nt).74 G 1.5
-(his and other numbers in a zone \214le; the meaning of n.m w)-4 F(as)
--.1 E -.74(``)117 120 S(n000m').74 E 3.755('r)-.74 G 1.254
-(ather than the more intuiti)-3.755 F 1.554 -.15(ve `)-.25 H(`n*1000+m')
--.59 E 3.754('\()-.74 G 1.254(such that 1.234 translated to 1000234)
--3.754 F .28(rather than to 1234\).)117 132 R .281
-(This feature has been deprecated due to its obscurity)5.28 F 2.781(,u)
--.65 G(npredictability)-2.781 E 2.781(,a)-.65 G(nd)-2.781 E 2.104
-(lack of necessity)117 144 R 7.103(.N)-.65 G 2.103(ote that using a `)
--7.103 F(`YYYYMMDDNN')-.74 E 4.603('n)-.74 G 2.103
-(otation you can still mak)-4.603 F 4.603(e1)-.1 G(00)-4.603 E .074
-(changes per day until the year 4294.)117 156 R -1.1(Yo)5.075 G 2.575
-(us)1.1 G .075(hould choose a notation that w)-2.575 F .075
-(orks for you.)-.1 F .075(If you')5.075 F(re)-.5 E 3.092(ac)117 168 S
-(le)-3.092 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(r).15 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(perl)3.092 E
-F2 .592(programmer you could e)3.092 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.091(nu).15 G(se)
--3.091 E F3(RCS)3.091 E F2 -.15(ve)3.091 G .591
-(rsion numbers to help generate your zone).15 F .535(serial numbers.)117
-180 R .535(The refresh indicates ho)5.535 F 3.036(wo)-.25 G .536
-(ften, in seconds, the secondary name serv)-3.036 F .536(ers are to)-.15
-F .212(check with the primary name serv)117 192 R .212
-(er to see if an update is needed.)-.15 F .211(The retry indicates ho)
-5.212 F 2.711(wl)-.25 G(ong,)-2.711 E .718(in seconds, a secondary serv)
-117 204 R .718(er should w)-.15 F .719(ait before retrying a f)-.1 F
-.719(ailed zone transfer)-.1 F 5.719(.E)-.55 G .719(xpire is the)-5.719
-F .287(upper limit, in seconds, that a secondary name serv)117 216 R
-.287(er is to use the data before it e)-.15 F .286(xpires for lack)-.15
-F .175(of getting a refresh.)117 228 R .175(Minimum is the def)5.175 F
-.175(ault number of seconds to be used for the T)-.1 F .175(ime T)-.35 F
-2.675(oL)-.8 G -2.15 -.25(iv e)-2.675 H .486(\214eld on resource record\
-s which do not specify one in the zone \214le.)117 240 R .485
-(It is also an enforced mini-)5.485 F .632(mum on T)117 252 R .632
-(ime T)-.35 F 3.132(oL)-.8 G -2.15 -.25(iv e)-3.132 H .632
-(if it is speci\214ed on some resource record \(RR\) in the zone.)3.382
-F .633(There must)5.633 F(be e)117 264 Q(xactly one)-.15 E F3(SO)2.5 E
-(A)-.55 E F2(record per zone.)2.5 E F0 2.5(6.5.4. NS)102 288 R 2.5(-N)
-2.5 G(ame Ser)-2.5 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(r).1 E F3 12.5({name} {ttl})117 304.2
-R(addr)16.6 E 10.82(-class NS)-.2 F(Name server)16.11 E 2.5(sn)-.1 G
-(ame)-2.5 E F2 42.29(IN NS)194.6 316.2 R(ucbarpa)15 E F0(.)1.666 E F2
-(Berk)1.666 E(ele)-.1 E(y)-.15 E F0(.)1.666 E F2(Edu)1.666 E F0(.)A F2
-(The)117 332.4 Q F3 .044(Name Server)2.544 F F2(record,)2.544 E F3(NS)
-2.544 E F2 2.544(,l)C .044(ists a name serv)-2.544 F .044
-(er responsible for a gi)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.543(nd).15 G .043
-(omain, creating a)-2.543 F F3(dele-)2.543 E .43(gation point)117 344.4
-R F2 .43(and a)2.93 F F3(subzone)2.93 E F2 5.43(.T)C .431(he \214rst na\
-me \214eld speci\214es the zone that is serviced by the name)-5.43 F
-(serv)117 356.4 Q(er speci\214ed by the second name.)-.15 E(Ev)5 E
-(ery zone needs at least tw)-.15 E 2.5(on)-.1 G(ame serv)-2.5 E(ers.)
--.15 E EP
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-/F0 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Name Ser)72 60 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G 2.5(rO).1 G
-(perations Guide f)-2.5 E(or)-.25 E/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 206.564
-(BIND SMM)2.5 F F0(:10-15)A 2.5(6.5.5. A)102 96 R 2.5(-A)2.5 G(ddr)-2.5
-E(ess)-.18 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF 14.49({name} {ttl})117 112.2 R
-(addr)16.6 E 10.82(-class A)-.2 F(addr)16.11 E(ess)-.37 E/F3 10
-/Times-Roman@0 SF 45.44(ucbarpa IN)117 124.2 R 15(A1)44.79 G(28)-15 E F0
-(.)A F3(32)A F0(.)A F3(0)A F0(.)A F3(4)A 42.29(IN A)196.59 136.2 R(10)15
-E F0(.)A F3(0)A F0(.)A F3(0)A F0(.)A F3(78)A(The)117 152.4 Q F2(Addr)
-3.754 E(ess)-.37 E F3(record,)3.754 E F2(A)3.754 E F3 3.754(,l)C 1.254
-(ists the address for a gi)-3.754 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.754(nm).15 G 3.754
-(achine. The)-3.754 F 1.253(name \214eld is the machine)3.754 F .342
-(name and the address is the netw)117 164.4 R .342(ork address.)-.1 F
-.342(There should be one)5.342 F F2(A)2.843 E F3 .343
-(record for each address of)2.843 F(the machine.)117 176.4 Q F0 2.5
-(6.5.6. HINFO)102 200.4 R 2.5(-H)2.5 G(ost Inf)-2.5 E(ormation)-.25 E F2
-12.5({name} {ttl})117 216.6 R(addr)16.6 E 10.82(-class HINFO)-.2 F(Har)
-15 E(dwar)-.37 E 26.05(eO)-.37 G(S)-26.05 E F3 42.29(IN HINFO)194.6
-228.6 R -1.35(VA)15 G 12.5(X-11/780 UNIX)1.35 F F2 .393
-(Host Information)117 244.8 R F3 .393(resource record,)2.893 F F2(HINFO)
-2.893 E F3 2.893(,i)C 2.893(sf)-2.893 G .393(or host speci\214c data.)
--2.893 F .393(This lists the hardw)5.393 F .392(are and)-.1 F 1.94
-(operating system that are running at the listed host.)117 256.8 R 1.94
-(If you w)6.94 F 1.94(ant to include a space in the)-.1 F 1.155
-(machine name you must quote the name \(using `)117 268.8 R(`"')-.74 E
-3.654('c)-.74 G 3.654(haracters.\) There)-3.654 F 1.154(could be one)
-3.654 F F2(HINFO)3.654 E F3 .653
-(record for each host, though for security reasons most domains don')117
-280.8 R 3.154(th)-.18 G -2.25 -.2(av e)-3.154 H(an)3.354 E(y)-.15 E F2
-(HINFO)3.154 E F3(records)3.154 E(at all.)117 292.8 Q
-(No application depends on them.)5 E F0 2.5(6.5.7. WKS)102 321 R 2.5(-W)
-2.5 G(ell Kno)-3.15 E(wn Ser)-.1 E(vices)-.1 E F2 12.5({name} {ttl})117
-337.2 R(addr)16.6 E 10.82(-class WKS)-.2 F(addr)17.22 E 29.26(ess pr)
--.37 F 12.39(otocol list)-.45 F(of services)2.5 E F3 42.29(IN WKS)194.6
-349.2 R(128)15 E F0(.)A F3(32)A F0(.)A F3(0)A F0(.)A F3 12.5(10 UDP)B
-(who route timed domain)28.33 E 42.29(IN WKS)194.6 361.2 R(128)15 E F0
-(.)A F3(32)A F0(.)A F3(0)A F0(.)A F3 12.5(10 TCP)B 2.5(\(e)29.99 G
-(cho telnet)-2.5 E(discard sunrpc sftp)397.99 373.2 Q
-(uucp-path systat daytime)397.99 385.2 Q(netstat qotd nntp)397.99 397.2
-Q(link char)397.99 409.2 Q(gen ftp)-.18 E(auth time whois mtp)397.99
-421.2 Q(pop rje \214nger smtp)397.99 433.2 Q(supdup hostnames)397.99
-445.2 Q(domain)397.99 457.2 Q(nameserv)397.99 469.2 Q(er \))-.15 E(The)
-117 485.4 Q F2 -.92(We)2.574 G .074(ll Known Services).92 F F3(record,)
-2.574 E F2(WKS)2.574 E F3 2.574(,d)C .074(escribes the well kno)-2.574 F
-.073(wn services supported by a partic-)-.25 F .366
-(ular protocol at a speci\214ed address.)117 497.4 R .367
-(The list of services and port numbers come from the list of)5.366 F
-1.122(services speci\214ed in)117 509.4 R F2(/etc/services.)3.622 E F3
-1.122(There should be only one)3.622 F F2(WKS)3.621 E F3 1.121
-(record per protocol per ad-)3.621 F 2.5(dress. Note)117 521.4 R
-(that RFC1123 says of)2.5 E F2(WKS)2.5 E F3(records:)2.5 E 2.5
-(2.2 Using)124.5 541.8 R(Domain Name Service)2.5 E(...)124.5 553.8 Q
-(An application SHOULD NO)132 565.8 Q 2.5(Tr)-.4 G
-(ely on the ability to locate a WKS)-2.5 E
-(record containing an accurate listing of all services at a)132 577.8 Q
-(particular host address, since the WKS RR type is not often used)132
-589.8 Q(by Internet sites.)132 601.8 Q 1.6 -.8(To c)5 H
-(on\214rm that a service is present, simply).8 E(attempt to use it.)132
-613.8 Q(...)124.5 625.8 Q 2.5(5.2.12 WKS)132 637.8 R
-(Use in MX Processing: RFC-974, p. 5)2.5 E
-(RFC-974 [SMTP:3] recommended that the domain system be queried)139.5
-661.8 Q(for WKS \("W)139.5 673.8 Q(ell-Kno)-.8 E
-(wn Service"\) records, to v)-.25 E(erify that each)-.15 E
-(proposed mail tar)139.5 685.8 Q(get does support SMTP)-.18 E 5(.L)-1.11
-G(ater e)-5 E(xperience has)-.15 E(sho)139.5 697.8 Q
-(wn that WKS is not widely supported, so the WKS step in MX)-.25 E
-(processing SHOULD NO)139.5 709.8 Q 2.5(Tb)-.4 G 2.5(eu)-2.5 G(sed.)-2.5
-E EP
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-/F0 10/Times-Bold@0 SF 203.87(SMM:10-16 Name)72 60 R(Ser)2.5 E -.1(ve)
--.1 G 2.5(rO).1 G(perations Guide f)-2.5 E(or)-.25 E/F1 9/Times-Bold@0
-SF(BIND)2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(...)124.5 96 Q 2.5(6.1.3.6 Status)
-139.5 108 R(of RR T)2.5 E(ypes)-.8 E(...)124.5 120 Q
-(The TXT and WKS RR types ha)159.5 132 Q .3 -.15(ve n)-.2 H
-(ot been widely used by).15 E
-(Internet sites; as a result, an application cannot rely)159.5 144 Q
-(on the e)159.5 156 Q(xistence of a TXT or WKS RR in most)-.15 E
-(domains.)159.5 168 Q F0 2.5(6.5.8. CN)102 196.2 R(AME - Canonical Name)
--.2 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF 32.49(alias {ttl})117 212.4 R(addr)16.6 E
-10.82(-class CN)-.2 F 14.64(AME Canonical)-.27 F(name)2.5 E F2 45.44
-(ucbmonet IN)117 224.4 R(CN)44.79 E 12.5(AME monet)-.35 F(The)117 240.6
-Q F3 .086(Canonical Name)2.586 F F2 .086(resource record,)2.586 F F3(CN)
-2.586 E(AME)-.27 E F2 2.586(,s)C .087
-(peci\214es an alias or nickname for the of)-2.586 F .087(\214cial, or)
--.25 F 1.322(canonical, host name.)117 252.6 R 1.322
-(This record must be the only one associated with the alias name.)6.322
-F(All)6.322 E .139(other resource records must be associated with the c\
-anonical name, not with the nickname.)117 264.6 R(An)5.14 E(y)-.15 E
-.072(resource records that include a domain name as their v)117 276.6 R
-.072(alue \(e.g., NS or MX\))-.25 F F3(must)2.571 E F2 .071
-(list the canon-)2.571 F .256(ical name, not the nickname.)117 288.6 R
-(Similarly)5.256 E 2.757(,aC)-.65 G -.35(NA)-2.757 G .257
-(ME will be follo).35 F .257(wed when searching for A RRs,)-.25 F -.2
-(bu)117 300.6 S 3.101(tn).2 G .601
-(ot for MX RRs or NS RRs or most other types of RRs.)-3.101 F(CN)5.6 E
-.6(AMEs are allo)-.35 F .6(wed to point to)-.25 F(other CN)117 312.6 Q
-(AMEs, b)-.35 E(ut this is considered slopp)-.2 E -.65(y.)-.1 G .057
-(Nicknames are useful when a well kno)142 328.8 R .057
-(wn host changes its name.)-.25 F .058(In that case, it is usually)5.058
-F 2.772(ag)117 340.8 S .272(ood idea to ha)-2.772 F .572 -.15(ve a)-.2 H
-F3(CN)2.922 E(AME)-.27 E F2 .271
-(record so that people still using the old name will get to the right)
-2.772 F(place.)117 352.8 Q F0 2.5(6.5.9. PTR)102 376.8 R 2.5(-D)2.5 G
-(omain Name P)-2.5 E(ointer)-.2 E F3 12.5(name {ttl})117 393 R(addr)16.6
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-(y)-.15 E F0(.)1.666 E F2(Edu)1.666 E F0(.)1.666 E F2(A)117 421.2 Q F3
-.816(Domain Name P)3.316 F(ointer)-.8 E F2(record,)3.316 E F3(PTR)3.316
-E F2 3.317(,a)C(llo)-3.317 E .817
-(ws special names to point to some other location in)-.25 F .842
-(the domain.)117 433.2 R .842(The abo)5.842 F 1.142 -.15(ve ex)-.15 H
-.842(ample of a).15 F F3(PTR)3.342 E F2 .842
-(record is used in setting up re)3.342 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .841
-(rse pointers for the).15 F(special)117 445.2 Q F3(IN-ADDR)3.078 E F0(.)
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-3.078 F(xample)-.15 E F3(hosts.r)3.078 E -.15(ev)-.37 G F2(\214le.)3.229
-E F3(PTR)5.579 E F2 .579(records are)3.079 F 2.786(needed by the)117
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-F 2.786(the trailing `)5.286 F(`)-.74 E F0(.)1.666 E F2 4.266 -.74('' w)
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-SF(BIND)5.286 E F2(from)5.286 E(appending the current)117 469.2 Q F4
-($ORIGIN)2.5 E F2(to that domain name.)2.5 E F0 2.5(6.5.10. MX)102 493.2
-R 2.5(-M)2.5 G(ail Exchange)-2.5 E F3 68.33(name {ttl})117 509.4 R(addr)
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-(mail e)14.92 E(xc)-.2 E(hang)-.15 E(e)-.1 E F2(Munnari)117 521.4 Q F0
-(.)1.666 E F2(OZ)1.666 E F0(.)1.666 E F2 -.55(AU)1.666 G F0(.)2.216 E F2
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-E F0(.)1.666 E F2(GO)1.666 E(V)-.5 E F0(.)1.666 E F2(*)117 533.4 Q F0(.)
-1.666 E F2(IL)1.666 E F0(.)1.666 E F2 42.29(IN MX)100.992 F 76.1(0R)15 G
-(ELA)-76.1 E(Y)-1.05 E F0(.)1.666 E F2(CS)1.666 E F0(.)1.666 E F2(NET)
-1.666 E F0(.)1.666 E F3 .726(Mail eXc)117 549.6 R(hang)-.15 E(e)-.1 E F2
-(records,)3.226 E F3(MX)3.227 E F2 3.227(,a)C .727
-(re used to specify a list of hosts which are con\214gured to recei)
--3.227 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .093(mail sent to this domain name.)117 561.6 R
-(Ev)5.093 E .092(ery name which recei)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.592(sm).15
-G .092(ail should ha)-2.592 F .392 -.15(ve a)-.2 H(n).15 E F3(MX)2.592 E
-F2 .092(since if one)2.592 F .213
-(is not found at the time mail is being deli)117 573.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G
-.213(red, an).15 F F3(MX)2.713 E F2 .213(will be `)2.713 F(`imputed')
--.74 E 2.714('w)-.74 G .214(ith a cost of 0 and a)-2.714 F .881
-(destination of the host itself.)117 585.6 R .881(If you w)5.881 F .881
-(ant a host to recei)-.1 F 1.18 -.15(ve i)-.25 H .88(ts o).15 F .88
-(wn mail, you should create an)-.25 F F3(MX)117 597.6 Q F2 .464
-(for your host')2.964 F 2.964(sn)-.55 G .464
-(ame, pointing at your host')-2.964 F 2.964(sn)-.55 G 2.964(ame. It)
--2.964 F .465(is better to ha)2.965 F .765 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .465
-(his be e).15 F .465(xplicit than)-.15 F 1.198
-(to let it be imputed by remote mailers.)117 609.6 R 1.198
-(In the \214rst e)6.198 F 1.198(xample, abo)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.698
-(,S).15 G(eismo)-3.698 E F0(.)1.666 E F2(CSS)1.666 E F0(.)1.666 E F2(GO)
-1.666 E(V)-.5 E F0(.)1.666 E F2 1.198(is a)3.698 F .692(mail g)117 621.6
-R(ate)-.05 E -.1(wa)-.25 G 3.192(yt).1 G .692(hat kno)-3.192 F .692
-(ws ho)-.25 F 3.192(wt)-.25 G 3.192(od)-3.192 G(eli)-3.192 E -.15(ve)
--.25 G 3.192(rm).15 G .692(ail to Munnari)-3.192 F F0(.)1.666 E F2(OZ)
-1.666 E F0(.)1.666 E F2 -.55(AU)1.666 G F0(.)2.216 E F2 5.693(.T)C .693
-(hese tw)-5.693 F 3.193(om)-.1 G .693(achines may)-3.193 F(ha)117 633.6
-Q .476 -.15(ve a p)-.2 H(ri).15 E -.25(va)-.25 G .176
-(te connection or use a dif).25 F .175(ferent transport medium.)-.25 F
-.175(The preference v)5.175 F .175(alue is the order)-.25 F .109
-(that a mailer should follo)117 645.6 R 2.609(ww)-.25 G .109
-(hen there is more than one w)-2.609 F .11(ay to deli)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25
-G 2.61(rm).15 G .11(ail to a single machine.)-2.61 F .01(Note that lo)
-117 657.6 R .009(wer numbers indicate higher precedence, and that maile\
-rs are supposed to randomize)-.25 F(same-v)117 669.6 Q(alued)-.25 E F3
-(MX)2.719 E F2 .219(hosts so as to distrib)2.719 F .219(ute the load e)
--.2 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .22(nly if the costs are equal.).15 F .22
-(See RFC974 for)5.22 F(more detailed information.)117 681.6 Q -.4(Wi)142
-697.8 S 1.822(ldcard names containing the character `).4 F(`*')-.74 E
-4.322('m)-.74 G 1.821(ay be used for mail routing with)-4.322 F F3(MX)
-4.321 E F2 4.366(records. There)117 709.8 R 1.866(are lik)4.366 F 1.866
-(ely to be serv)-.1 F 1.866(ers on the netw)-.15 F 1.867
-(ork that simply state that an)-.1 F 4.367(ym)-.15 G 1.867(ail to a)
--4.367 F EP
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-/F0 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Name Ser)72 60 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G 2.5(rO).1 G
-(perations Guide f)-2.5 E(or)-.25 E/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 206.564
-(BIND SMM)2.5 F F0(:10-17)A/F2 10/Times-Roman@0 SF .43
-(domain is to be routed through a relay)117 96 R 5.429(.S)-.65 G .429
-(econd e)-5.429 F .429(xample, abo)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.929(,a).15 G
-.429(ll mail to hosts in the domain)-2.929 F 1.72
-(IL is routed through RELA)117 108 R -1.29(Y.)-1.05 G(CS.NET)1.29 E
-6.721(.T)-.74 G 1.721
-(his is done by creating a wildcard resource record,)-6.721 F .381
-(which states that *.IL has an)117 120 R/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(MX)
-2.881 E F2 .381(of RELA)2.881 F -1.29(Y.)-1.05 G(CS.NET)1.29 E 5.381(.W)
--.74 G(ildcard)-5.781 E F3(MX)2.881 E F2 .38(records are not v)2.88 F
-.38(ery useful)-.15 F .189
-(in practice, though, since once a mail message gets to the g)117 132 R
-(ate)-.05 E -.1(wa)-.25 G 2.69(yf).1 G .19(or a gi)-2.69 F -.15(ve)-.25
-G 2.69(nd).15 G .19(omain it still has)-2.69 F .862(to be routed)117 144
-R F3(within)3.362 E F2 .861
-(that domain and it is not currently possible to ha)3.362 F 1.161 -.15
-(ve a)-.2 H 3.361(na).15 G(pparently-dif)-3.361 E(ferent)-.25 E .228
-(set of)117 156 R F3(MX)2.728 E F2 .229
-(records inside and outside of a domain.)2.728 F .229(If you w)5.229 F
-(on')-.1 E 2.729(tb)-.18 G 2.729(en)-2.729 G .229(eeding an)-2.729 F
-2.729(yM)-.15 G .229(ail Exchanges)-2.729 F .306
-(inside your domain, go ahead and use a wildcard.)117 168 R .306
-(If you w)5.306 F .305(ant to use both wildcard `)-.1 F(`top-le)-.74 E
--.15(ve)-.25 G(l').15 E(')-.74 E 1.324(and speci\214c `)117 180 R
-(`interior')-.74 E(')-.74 E F3(MX)3.824 E F2 1.324
-(records, note that each speci\214c record will ha)3.824 F 1.624 -.15
-(ve t)-.2 H 3.824(o`).15 G 1.324(`end with')-4.564 F 3.824('a)-.74 G
-.711(complete recitation of the same data that is carried in the top-le)
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-(is because the)3.21 F(speci\214c)117 204 Q F3(MX)3.124 E F2 .624
-(records will tak)3.124 F 3.124(ep)-.1 G .624(recedence o)-3.124 F -.15
-(ve)-.15 G 3.124(rt).15 G .624(he top-le)-3.124 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.124
-(lw).15 G .625(ildcard records, and must be able)-3.124 F .058
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-2.557(fag)-2.558 G -2.15 -.25(iv e)-2.557 H 2.557(ni).25 G .057
-(nterior domain is to be able to recei)-2.557 F .357 -.15(ve m)-.25 H
-.057(ail from outside the).15 F -.05(ga)117 228 S(te).05 E -.1(wa)-.25 G
-3.8 -.65(y. W).1 H(ildcard).25 E F3(MX)2.5 E F2(records are v)2.5 E
-(ery subtle and you should be careful with them.)-.15 E F0 2.5
-(6.5.11. TXT)102 252 R 2.5(-T)2.5 G(ext)-3.42 E F3 68.33(name {ttl})117
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-280.2 Q F0(.)1.666 E F2(OZ)1.666 E F0(.)1.666 E F2 -.55(AU)1.666 G F0(.)
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-1.139(The syntax of the te)6.139 F 1.14(xt depends on the domain)-.15 F
-.146(where it is found; man)117 308.4 R 2.646(ys)-.15 G .146(ystems use)
--2.646 F F3(TXT)2.646 E F2 .146
-(records to encode local data in a stylized format.)2.646 F(MIT)5.145 E
-(Hesiod is one such system.)117 320.4 Q F0 2.5(6.5.12. RP)102 344.4 R
-2.5(-R)2.5 G(esponsible P)-2.5 E(erson)-.2 E F3 19.16(owner {ttl})117
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-(RP ben.franklin.berk)44.79 F(ele)-.1 E -.65(y.)-.15 G 12.5
-(edu. sysadmins.berk).65 F(ele)-.1 E -.65(y.)-.15 G(edu.).65 E .393
-(The Responsible Person record,)142 393 R F3(RP)2.893 E F2 2.893(,i)C
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-(person for a host.)117 405 R .33(Often it is desirable to be able to i\
-dentify the responsible entity for a particu-)5.331 F 1.165(lar host.)
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-(wn or malfunctioning, you w)-.25 F 1.166(ould w)-.1 F 1.166
-(ant to contact those parties)-.1 F
-(who might be able to repair the host.)117 429 Q 1.119
-(The \214rst \214eld,)142 445.2 R F3(mbox-domain-name)3.619 E F2 3.619
-(,i)C 3.619(sad)-3.619 G 1.118
-(omain name that speci\214es the mailbox for the)-3.619 F 1.38
-(responsible person.)117 457.2 R 1.38
-(Its format in a zone \214le uses the)6.38 F/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(DNS)
-3.88 E F2(con)3.88 E -.15(ve)-.4 G 1.38(ntion for mailbox encoding,).15
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-(rs).8 G(on-in-c).1 E(har)-.15 E -.1(ge)-.37 G F2 .401
-(mailbox \214eld in the SO)3.001 F 2.901(Ar)-.35 G 2.901(ecord. In)
--2.901 F .401(the e)2.901 F(xample)-.15 E(abo)117 481.2 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G
-2.918(,t).15 G(he)-2.918 E F3(mbox-domain-name)2.918 E F2(sho)2.919 E
-.419(ws the encoding for `)-.25 F(`)-.74 E F0(<ben@franklin.berk)A(eley)
--.1 E(.edu>)-.7 E F2 -.74('')C 5.419(.T).74 G(he)-5.419 E
-(root domain name \(just `)117 493.2 Q(`)-.74 E F0(.)1.666 E F2 -.74('')
-1.666 G 2.5(\)m).74 G
-(ay be speci\214ed to indicate that no mailbox is a)-2.5 E -.25(va)-.2 G
-(ilable.).25 E .931(The second \214eld,)142 509.4 R F3(TXT)3.431 E
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-(omain name for which)-3.431 F F3(TXT)3.431 E F2 .93(records e)3.43 F
-3.43(xist. A)-.15 F 1.808(subsequent query can be performed to retrie)
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-4.309 E F2 1.809(resource records at)4.309 F F3(TXT)4.309 E(-)-.74 E
-(domain-name)117 533.4 Q F2 6.416(.T)C 1.416(his pro)-6.416 F 1.416
-(vides a le)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.916(lo).15 G 3.915(fi)-3.916 G 1.415
-(ndirection so that the entity can be referred to from)-3.915 F 2.158
-(multiple places in the)117 545.4 R F4(DNS)4.658 E F2 7.158(.T)C 2.159
-(he root domain name \(just `)-7.158 F(`)-.74 E F0(.)1.666 E F2 -.74('')
-1.666 G 4.659(\)m).74 G 2.159(ay be speci\214ed for)-4.659 F F3(TXT)
-4.659 E(-)-.74 E 1.784
-(domain-name to indicate that no associated TXT RR e)117 557.4 R 4.284
-(xists. In)-.2 F 1.784(the e)4.284 F 1.783(xample abo)-.2 F(ve)-.1 E
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-(.edu.)-.7 E F3 2.692 -1.11('' i)D 2.972(st)1.11 G .472
-(he name of a TXT r)-2.972 F(ecor)-.37 E 2.972(dt)-.37 G .472
-(hat might contain some te)-2.972 F .472(xt with names and)-.2 F
-(phone number)117 581.4 Q(s.)-.1 E F2 1.168(The format of the)142 597.6
-R F3(RP)3.668 E F2 1.168(record is class-insensiti)3.668 F -.15(ve)-.25
-G 6.168(.M).15 G(ultiple)-6.168 E F3(RP)3.668 E F2 1.168
-(records at a single name)3.668 F
-(may be present in the database, though the)117 609.6 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G
-(hould ha)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve i)-.2 H(dentical TTLs.).15 E(The)142 625.8 Q
-F3(RP)2.5 E F2(record is still e)2.5 E(xperimental; not all name serv)
--.15 E(ers implement or recognize it.)-.15 E F0 2.5(6.5.13. AFSDB)102
-649.8 R 2.5(-D)2.5 G(CE or AFS Ser)-2.5 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(r).1 E F3 39.17
-(name {ttl})117 666 R(addr)16.6 E 10.82(-class AFSDB)-.2 F 13.06
-(subtype server)16.68 F(host name)2.5 E F2(toaster)117 678 Q 45.44
-(.com. IN)-.55 F 12.5(AFSDB 1)44.79 F(jack.toaster)41.11 E(.com.)-.55 E
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-/F0 10/Times-Bold@0 SF 203.87(SMM:10-18 Name)72 60 R(Ser)2.5 E -.1(ve)
--.1 G 2.5(rO).1 G(perations Guide f)-2.5 E(or)-.25 E/F1 9/Times-Bold@0
-SF(BIND)2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(toaster)117 96 Q 45.44(.com. IN)
--.55 F 12.5(AFSDB 1)44.79 F(jill.toaster)41.11 E(.com.)-.55 E(toaster)
-117 108 Q 45.44(.com. IN)-.55 F 12.5(AFSDB 2)44.79 F(track)41.11 E(er)
--.1 E(.toaster)-.55 E(.com.)-.55 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(AFSDB)117
-124.2 Q F2 .042(records are used to specify the hosts that pro)2.542 F
-.042(vide a style of distrib)-.15 F .042(uted service adv)-.2 F(ertised)
--.15 E 1.759(under this domain name.)117 136.2 R 4.259(As)6.759 G 1.759
-(ubtype v)-4.259 F 1.759(alue \(analogous to the `)-.25 F(`preference')
--.74 E 4.258('v)-.74 G 1.758(alue in the)-4.508 F F3(MX)4.258 E F2 .478
-(record\) indicates which style of distrib)117 148.2 R .478
-(uted service is pro)-.2 F .478(vided with the gi)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
-2.978(nn).15 G 2.978(ame. Subtype)-2.978 F(1)2.978 E .021
-(indicates that the named host is an AFS \(R\) database serv)117 160.2 R
-.021(er for the AFS cell of the gi)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.521(nd).15 G
-(omain)-2.521 E 2.592(name. Subtype)117 172.2 R 2.592(2i)2.592 G .092
-(ndicates that the named host pro)-2.592 F .092
-(vides intra-cell name service for the DCE \(R\))-.15 F 4.017
-(cell named by the gi)117 184.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 6.516(nd).15 G 4.016
-(omain name.)-6.516 F 4.016(In the e)9.016 F 4.016(xample abo)-.15 F
--.15(ve)-.15 G 6.516(,j).15 G(ack)-6.516 E F0(.)1.666 E F2(toaster)1.666
-E F0(.)1.666 E F2 4.016(com and)1.666 F(jill)117 196.2 Q F0(.)1.666 E F2
-(toaster)1.666 E F0(.)1.666 E F2 .595
-(com are declared to be AFS database serv)1.666 F .595
-(ers for the toaster)-.15 F F0(.)1.666 E F2 .596(com AFS cell, so that)
-1.666 F .586(AFS clients wishing service from toaster)117 208.2 R F0(.)
-1.666 E F2 .586(com are directed to those tw)1.666 F 3.085(oh)-.1 G .585
-(osts for further infor)-3.085 F(-)-.2 E 3.946(mation. The)117 220.2 R
-1.446(third record declares that track)3.946 F(er)-.1 E F0(.)1.666 E F2
-(toaster)1.666 E F0(.)1.666 E F2 1.446(com houses a directory serv)1.666
-F 1.447(er for the)-.15 F .235(root of the DCE cell toaster)117 232.2 R
-F0(.)1.666 E F2 .234
-(com, so that DCE clients that wish to refer to DCE services should)
-1.666 F .273(consult with the host track)117 244.2 R(er)-.1 E F0(.)1.666
-E F2(toaster)1.666 E F0(.)1.666 E F2 .274(com for further information.)
-1.666 F .274(The DCE sub-type of record)5.274 F .045
-(is usually accompanied by a)117 256.2 R F3(TXT)2.545 E F2 .044
-(record for other information specifying other details to be used)2.545
-F 1.732(in accessing the DCE cell.)117 268.2 R 1.732
-(RFC1183 contains more detailed information on the use of this)6.732 F
-(record type.)117 280.2 Q(The)142 296.4 Q F3(AFSDB)2.5 E F2
-(record is still e)2.5 E(xperimental; not all name serv)-.15 E
-(ers implement or recognize it.)-.15 E F0 2.5(6.5.14. PX)102 332.4 R 2.5
-(-P)2.5 G(ointer to X.400/RFC822 mapping inf)-2.7 E(ormation)-.25 E F3
-85.22(name {ttl})117 348.6 R(addr)16.6 E 10.82(-class PX)-.2 F(pr)15.56
-E 12.3(efer 822-dom)-.37 F(X.400-dom)15.56 E F2(*.ADMD-g)117 360.6 Q
-(arr)-.05 E 45.44(.X42D.it. IN)-.55 F 12.5(PX 50)44.79 F 40.55
-(it. ADMD-g)28.87 F(arr)-.05 E(.C-it.)-.55 E 105.65(*.infn.it. IN)117
-372.6 R 12.5(PX 50)44.79 F 21.94(infn.it. O.PRMD-infn.ADMD-g)28.87 F
-(arr)-.05 E(.C-it.)-.55 E 124.26(*.it. IN)117 384.6 R 12.5(PX 50)44.79 F
-40.55(it. O-g)28.87 F(ate.PRMD-g)-.05 E(arr)-.05 E(.ADMD-g)-.55 E(arr)
--.05 E(.C-it.)-.55 E(The)142 405 Q F3(PX)4.678 E F2 2.178(records \()
-4.678 F F3 -.8(Po)C 2.177(inter to X.400/RFC822 mapping information).8 F
-F2 4.677(\)a)C 2.177(re used to specify)-4.677 F 1.65(address mapping r\
-ules between X.400 O/R addresses and RFC822 style \(domain-style\) mail)
-117 417 R(addresses. F)117 429 Q(or a detailed description of the mappi\
-ng process please refer to RFC1327.)-.15 E(Mapping rules are of 3 dif)
-142 445.2 Q(ferent types:)-.25 E(1\) mapping from X.400 to RFC822 \(de\
-\214ned as "table 1 rules" in RFC1327\))142 461.4 Q(2\) mapping from RF\
-C822 to X.400 \(de\214ned as "table 2 rules" in RFC1327\))142 477.6 Q
-(3\) encoding RFC822 into X.400)142 493.8 Q(\(de\214ned as "g)7.5 E
-(ate table" in RFC1327\))-.05 E 2.38
-(All three types of mapping rules are speci\214ed using)142 510 R F3(PX)
-4.88 E F2 2.38(Resource Records in DNS,)4.88 F .032(although the)117 522
-R F3(name)2.532 E F2 -.25(va)2.532 G .032(lue is dif).25 F .033
-(ferent: for case 1, the)-.25 F F3(name)2.533 E F2 -.25(va)2.533 G .033
-(lue is an X.400 domain in DNS syn-).25 F 1.067
-(tax, whereas for cases 2 and 3 the)117 534 R F3(name)3.567 E F2 -.25
-(va)3.567 G 1.067(lue is an RFC822 domain. Refer to RFC-1664 for).25 F
-.009(details on specifying an X.400 domain in DNS syntax and for the us\
-e of the)117 546 R F3(X42D)2.51 E F2 -.1(ke)2.51 G(yw)-.05 E .01
-(ord in it.)-.1 F -.8(To)117 558 S .248(ols are a).8 F -.25(va)-.2 G
-.248(ilable to con).25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .248
-(rt from RFC1327 tables format into DNS \214les syntax.).15 F F3(Pr)
-5.247 E(efer)-.37 E(ence)-.37 E F2(is)2.747 E .39(analogous to the)117
-570 R F3(MX)2.89 E F2 .391
-(RR Preference parameter: it is currently advised to use a \214x)2.89 F
-.391(ed v)-.15 F .391(alue of 50)-.25 F .004(for it.)117 582 R F3
-(822-dom)2.504 E F2(gi)2.504 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.504(st).15 G .004
-(he RFC822 part of the mapping rules, and)-2.504 F F3(X.400-dom)2.504 E
-F2(gi)2.503 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.503(st).15 G .003(he X.400 part)-2.503 F
-.209(of the mapping rule \(in DNS syntax\). It is currently advised al)
-117 594 R -.1(wa)-.1 G .21(ys to use wildcarded).1 F F3(name)2.71 E F2
--.25(va)2.71 G(l-).25 E 1.175(ues, as the RFC1327 tables speci\214catio\
-ns permit wildcard speci\214cations only)117 606 R 3.674(.T)-.65 G 1.174
-(his is to k)-3.674 F(eep)-.1 E 1.105(compatibility with e)117 618 R
-1.106(xisting services using static RFC1327 tables instead of DNS)-.15 F
-F3(PX)3.606 E F2(informa-)3.606 E(tion.)117 630 Q .328(Speci\214cations\
- of mapping rules from X.400 to RFC822 syntax requires the creation of \
-an)142 646.2 R 1.178
-(appropriate X.400 domain tree into DNS, including thus speci\214c)117
-658.2 R F3(SO)3.678 E(A)-.55 E F2(and)3.678 E F3(NS)3.678 E F2 1.178
-(records for the)3.678 F 2.623(domain itself. Speci\214cation of mappin\
-g rules from RFC822 into X.400 can be embedded)117 670.2 R .782
-(directly into the normal direct)117 682.2 R F3(name)3.283 E F2 3.283
-(tree. Ag)3.283 F .783(ain, refer to RFC1664 for details about or)-.05 F
--.05(ga)-.18 G(niza-).05 E(tion of this structure.)117 694.2 Q EP
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-/F0 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Name Ser)72 60 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G 2.5(rO).1 G
-(perations Guide f)-2.5 E(or)-.25 E/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 206.564
-(BIND SMM)2.5 F F0(:10-19)A/F2 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.8(To)142 96 S 1.089
-(ols and library routines, based on the standard resolv).8 F 1.089
-(er ones, are a)-.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G 1.089(ilable to retrie).25 F -.15
-(ve)-.25 G
-(from DNS the appropriate mapping rules in RFC1327 or DNS syntax.)117
-108 Q .384(Once ag)142 124.2 R .384(ain, refer to RFC1664 to use the)
--.05 F/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(PX)2.884 E F2 .384
-(resource record, and be careful in coordinat-)2.884 F .74(ing the mapp\
-ing information you can specify in DNS with the same information speci\
-\214ed into)117 136.2 R(the RFC1327 static tables.)117 148.2 Q(The)142
-164.4 Q F3(PX)2.5 E F2(record is still e)2.5 E
-(xperimental; not all serv)-.15 E(ers implement or recognize it.)-.15 E
-F0 2.5(6.6. Discussion)87 200.4 R(about the TTL)2.5 E F2 1.277
-(The use of dif)127 216.6 R 1.277(ferent T)-.25 F 1.277(ime T)-.35 F
-3.777(oL)-.8 G -2.15 -.25(iv e)-3.777 H 1.277
-(\214elds with in a RRset ha)4.027 F 1.577 -.15(ve b)-.2 H 1.277
-(een deprecated and this is).15 F .612(enforced by the serv)102 228.6 R
-.612(er when loading a primary zone.)-.15 F .612
-(See the Security section for more discussion)5.612 F(of dif)102 240.6 Q
-(fering TTLs.)-.25 E .465(The T)127 256.8 R .465(ime T)-.35 F 2.965(oL)
--.8 G -2.15 -.25(iv e)-2.965 H .466(assigned to the records and to the \
-zone via the Minimum \214eld in the SO)3.215 F(A)-.35 E .879
-(record is v)102 268.8 R .879(ery important. High v)-.15 F .879
-(alues will lead to lo)-.25 F .879(wer BIND netw)-.25 F .878(ork traf)
--.1 F .878(\214c and f)-.25 F .878(aster response)-.1 F 2.321(time. Lo)
-102 280.8 R 2.321(wer v)-.25 F 2.321
-(alues will tend to generate lots of requests b)-.25 F 2.322
-(ut will allo)-.2 F 4.822(wf)-.25 G 2.322(aster propag)-4.922 F 2.322
-(ation of)-.05 F(changes.)102 292.8 Q 1.444
-(Only changes and deletions from the zone are af)127 309 R 1.444
-(fected by the TTLs.)-.25 F 1.443(Additions propag)6.443 F(ate)-.05 E
-(according to the Refresh v)102 321 Q(alue in the SO)-.25 E(A.)-.35 E
-.141(Experience has sho)127 337.2 R .141(wn that sites use def)-.25 F
-.141(ault TTLs for their zones v)-.1 F .142(arying from around 0.5 day)
--.25 F .542(to around 7 days. Y)102 349.2 R .541
-(ou may wish to consider boosting the def)-1.1 F .541(ault TTL sho)-.1 F
-.541(wn in former v)-.25 F .541(ersions of)-.15 F 1.912(this guide from\
- one day \(86400 seconds\) to three days \(259200 seconds\). This will \
-drastically)102 361.2 R
-(reduce the number of requests made to your name serv)102 373.2 Q(ers.)
--.15 E .92(If you need f)127 389.4 R .92(ast propag)-.1 F .919
-(ation of changes and deletions, it might be wise to reduce the Mini-)
--.05 F .328(mum \214eld a fe)102 401.4 R 2.828(wd)-.25 G .328(ays befor\
-e the change, then do the modi\214cation itself and augment the TTL to \
-its)-2.828 F(former v)102 413.4 Q(alue.)-.25 E .646(If you kno)127 429.6
-R 3.146(wt)-.25 G .646
-(hat your zone is pretty stable \(you mainly add ne)-3.146 F 3.145(wr)
--.25 G .645(ecords without deleting or)-3.145 F
-(changing old ones\) then you may e)102 441.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(nw)
-.15 G(ish to consider a TTL higher than three days.)-2.5 E .536
-(Note that in an)127 457.8 R 3.036(yc)-.15 G .536(ase, it mak)-3.036 F
-.537(es no sense to ha)-.1 F .837 -.15(ve r)-.2 H .537
-(ecords with a TTL belo).15 F 3.037(wt)-.25 G .537(he SO)-3.037 F 3.037
-(AR)-.35 G(efresh)-3.037 E(delay)102 469.8 Q 2.5(,a)-.65 G 2.5(sD)-2.5 G
-(elay is the time required for secondaries to get a cop)-2.5 E 2.5(yo)
--.1 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he ne)-2.5 E(wly modi\214ed zone.)-.25 E F0 2.5
-(6.7. About)87 505.8 R -.63(``)2.5 G(secur).63 E 2.5(ez)-.18 G(ones')
--2.5 E(')-.63 E F2 .379
-(Secure zones implement named security on a zone by zone basis.)127 522
-R .379(It is designed to use a per)5.379 F(-)-.2 E(mission list of netw)
-102 534 Q
-(orks or hosts which may obtain particular information from the zone.)
--.1 E .89(In order to use zone security)127 550.2 R(,)-.65 E F3(named)
-3.391 E F2 .891(must be compiled with SECURE_ZONES de\214ned and)3.391 F
-.939(you must ha)102 562.2 R 1.239 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 3.439(tl).15 G .939
-(east one secure_zone TXT RR.)-3.439 F .939(Unless a)5.939 F F3(secur)
-3.439 E(e_zone)-.37 E F2 .938(record e)3.439 F .938(xists for a gi)-.15
-F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n).15 E .841
-(zone, no restrictions will be applied to the data in that zone.)102
-574.2 R .842(The format of the secure_zone TXT)5.841 F(RR is:)102 586.2
-Q 33.5(secure_zone addr)102 602.4 R 33.5(-class TXT string)-.2 F 1.272
-(The addr)127 618.6 R 1.272(-class may be either)-.2 F F3(HS)3.771 E F2
-(or)3.771 E F3(IN)3.771 E F2 6.271(.T)C 1.271
-(he syntax for the TXT string is either `)-6.271 F(`netw)-.74 E(ork)-.1
-E(address:netmask')102 630.6 Q 2.5('o)-.74 G 2.5(r`)-2.5 G
-(`host IP address:H')-3.24 E('.)-.74 E -.74(``)127 646.8 S(netw).74 E
-.032(ork address:netmask')-.1 F 2.532('a)-.74 G(llo)-2.532 E .032
-(ws queries from an entire netw)-.25 F 2.533(ork. If)-.1 F .033
-(the netmask is omitted,)2.533 F(named will use the def)102 658.8 Q
-(ault netmask for the netw)-.1 E(ork address speci\214ed.)-.1 E -.74(``)
-127 675 S .419(host IP address:H').74 F 2.918('a)-.74 G(llo)-2.918 E
-.418(ws queries from a host.)-.25 F .418(The `)5.418 F(`H')-.74 E 2.918
-('a)-.74 G .418(fter the `)-2.918 F(`:')-.74 E 2.918('i)-.74 G 2.918(sr)
--2.918 G .418(equired to dif)-2.918 F(fer)-.25 E(-)-.2 E .217
-(entiate the host address from a netw)102 687 R .217(ork address.)-.1 F
-.218(Multiple secure_zone TXT RRs are allo)5.217 F .218(wed in the)-.25
-F(same zone \214le.)102 699 Q EP
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-/F0 10/Times-Bold@0 SF 203.87(SMM:10-20 Name)72 60 R(Ser)2.5 E -.1(ve)
--.1 G 2.5(rO).1 G(perations Guide f)-2.5 E(or)-.25 E/F1 9/Times-Bold@0
-SF(BIND)2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.15(Fo)127 96 S 2.972(re).15 G
-.472(xample, you can set up a zone to only answer Hesiod requests from \
-the mask)-3.122 F .471(ed class B)-.1 F(netw)102 108 Q
-(ork 130.215.0.0 and from host 128.23.10.56 by adding the follo)-.1 E
-(wing tw)-.25 E 2.5(oT)-.1 G(XT RR')-2.5 E(s:)-.55 E 33.5
-(secure_zone HS TXT `)102 124.2 R(`130.215.0.0:255.255.0.0')-.74 E(')
--.74 E 33.5(secure_zone HS TXT `)102 136.2 R(`128.23.10.56:H')-.74 E(')
--.74 E .866
-(This feature can be used to restrict access to a Hesiod passw)127 152.4
-R .866(ord map or to separate internal)-.1 F 1.493(and e)102 164.4 R
-1.493(xternal internet address resolution on a \214re)-.15 F -.1(wa)-.25
-G 1.494(ll machine without needing to run a separate).1 F
-(named for internal and e)102 176.4 Q(xternal address resolution.)-.15 E
-1.065(Note that you will need to include your loopback interf)127 192.6
-R 1.064(ace \(127.0.0.1\) in your secure_zone)-.1 F
-(record, or your local clients w)102 204.6 Q(on')-.1 E 2.5(tb)-.18 G 2.5
-(ea)-2.5 G(ble to resolv)-2.5 E 2.5(en)-.15 G(ames.)-2.5 E F0 2.5
-(6.8. About)87 240.6 R(Hesiod, and HS-class Resour)2.5 E(ce Records)-.18
-E F2 1.536(Hesiod, de)127 256.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.536(loped by).15 F/F3
-9/Times-Roman@0 SF(MIT)4.036 E F2 1.537
-(Project Athena, is an information service b)4.036 F 1.537(uilt upon)-.2
-F F3(BIND)4.037 E F2 6.537(.I)C(ts)-6.537 E .307
-(intent is similar to that of Sun')102 268.8 R(s)-.55 E F3(NIS)2.807 E
-F2 2.806(:t)C 2.806(of)-2.806 G .306
-(urnish information about users, groups, netw)-2.806 F(ork-accessible)
--.1 E 1.549(\214le systems, printcaps, and mail service throughout an i\
-nstallation.)102 280.8 R 1.55(Aside from its use of)6.55 F F3(BIND)4.05
-E F2 .057(rather than separate serv)102 292.8 R .057
-(er code another important dif)-.15 F .056(ference between Hesiod and)
--.25 F F3(NIS)2.556 E F2 .056(is that Hesiod)2.556 F .892
-(is not intended to deal with passw)102 304.8 R .892
-(ords and authentication, b)-.1 F .893
-(ut only with data that are not security)-.2 F(sensiti)102 316.8 Q -.15
-(ve)-.25 G 5.623(.H).15 G .623(esiod serv)-5.623 F .623
-(ers can be implemented by adding resource records to)-.15 F F3(BIND)
-3.122 E F2(serv)3.122 E .622(ers; or the)-.15 F(y)-.15 E
-(can be implemented as separate serv)102 328.8 Q
-(ers separately administered.)-.15 E 3.503 -.8(To l)127 345 T 1.903
-(earn about and obtain Hesiod mak).8 F 4.403(ea)-.1 G 4.403(na)-4.403 G
-(non)-4.403 E(ymous)-.15 E F3(FTP)4.403 E F2 1.903(connection to host)
-4.403 F F3 -.999(AT)4.404 G(HEN).999 E(A-)-.315 E(DIST)102 357 Q(.MIT)
--.666 E(.EDU)-.666 E F2 .304(and retrie)2.804 F .604 -.15(ve t)-.25 H
-.304(he compressed tar \214le).15 F F0(/pub/A)2.804 E(THEN)-.95 E
-(A/hesiod.tar)-.2 E(.Z)-1 E F2 5.304(.Y)C .303(ou will not need)-6.404 F
-1.104(the named and resolv)102 369 R 1.105
-(er library portions of the distrib)-.15 F 1.105
-(ution because their functionality has already)-.2 F .225(been inte)102
-381 R .225(grated into)-.15 F F3 .225(BIND as of 4.9)2.725 F F2 5.225
-(.T)C 2.725(ol)-6.025 G .225(earn ho)-2.725 F 2.725(wH)-.25 G .224
-(esiod functions as part of the Athena computing)-2.725 F(en)102 393 Q
-3.091(vironment obtain the paper)-.4 F F0(/pub/A)5.592 E(THEN)-.95 E
-(A/usenix/athena-changes.PS)-.2 E F2 3.092(from the abo)5.592 F -.15(ve)
--.15 G F3(FTP)5.742 E F2(serv)102 405 Q(er host.)-.15 E
-(There is also a tar \214le of sample Hesiod resource \214les.)5 E .471
-(Whether one should use Hesiod class is open to question, since the sam\
-e services can proba-)127 421.2 R .985(bly be pro)102 433.2 R .985
-(vided with class IN, type TXT and type CN)-.15 F .985(AME records.)-.35
-F .986(In either case, the code and)5.985 F
-(documents for Hesiod will suggest ho)102 445.2 Q 2.5(wt)-.25 G 2.5(os)
--2.5 G(et up and use the service.)-2.5 E .74(Note that while)127 461.4 R
-F3(BIND)3.24 E F2 .74(includes support for)3.24 F/F4 10/Times-Italic@0
-SF(HS)3.24 E F2 .739(-class queries, the zone transfer logic for non-)B
-F4(IN)102 473.4 Q F2(-class zones is still e)A(xperimental.)-.15 E F0
-2.5(6.9. Sample)87 509.4 R(Files)2.5 E F2 1.099(The follo)127 525.6 R
-1.099(wing section contains sample \214les for the name serv)-.25 F(er)
--.15 E 6.099(.T)-.55 G 1.1(his co)-6.099 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.1(rs e).15 F
-1.1(xample boot)-.15 F(\214les for the dif)102 537.6 Q
-(ferent types of serv)-.25 E(ers and e)-.15 E
-(xample domain data base \214les.)-.15 E F0 2.5(6.9.1. Boot)102 561.6 R
-(Files)2.5 E 2.5(6.9.1.1. Primary)117 585.6 R(Ser)2.5 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(r)
-.1 E EP
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-/F0 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Name Ser)72 60 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G 2.5(rO).1 G
-(perations Guide f)-2.5 E(or)-.25 E/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 206.564
-(BIND SMM)2.5 F F0(:10-21)A/F2 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(;)132 100.2 Q 2.5(;B)
-132 112.2 S(oot \214le for Primary Name Serv)-2.5 E(er)-.15 E(;)132
-124.2 Q 2.5(;t)132 144.6 S 26.1(ype domain)-2.5 F(source \214le or host)
-71.66 E(;)132 156.6 Q 12.5(directory /usr/local/adm/named)132 168.6 R
-16.94(primary Berk)132 180.6 R(ele)-.1 E(y)-.15 E F0(.)A F2 44.7
-(Edu ucbhosts)B 16.94(primary 32)132 192.6 R F0(.)A F2(128)A F0(.)A F2
-(in-addr)A F0(.)A F2 20.57(arpa ucbhosts)B F0(.)A F2(re)A(v)-.25 E 16.94
-(primary 0)132 204.6 R F0(.)A F2(0)A F0(.)A F2(127)A F0(.)A F2(in-addr)A
-F0(.)A F2 18.07(arpa named)B F0(.)A F2(local)A(cache)132 216.6 Q F0(.)
-28.34 E F2(root)99.16 E F0(.)A F2(cache)A F0 2.5(6.9.1.2. Secondary)117
-249 R(Ser)2.5 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(r).1 E F2(;)132 269.4 Q 2.5(;B)132 281.4 S
-(oot \214le for Secondary Name Serv)-2.5 E(er)-.15 E(;)132 293.4 Q 2.5
-(;t)132 313.8 S 30.54(ype domain)-2.5 F(source \214le or host)71.66 E(;)
-132 325.8 Q 16.94(directory /usr/local/adm/named)132 337.8 R 12.5
-(secondary Berk)132 349.8 R(ele)-.1 E(y)-.15 E F0(.)A F2 44.7(Edu 128)B
-F0(.)A F2(32)A F0(.)A F2(0)A F0(.)A F2 2.5(41)C(28)-2.5 E F0(.)A F2(32)A
-F0(.)A F2(0)A F0(.)A F2(10 ucbhosts.bak)A 12.5(secondary 32)132 361.8 R
-F0(.)A F2(128)A F0(.)A F2(in-addr)A F0(.)A F2 20.57(arpa 128)B F0(.)A F2
-(32)A F0(.)A F2(0)A F0(.)A F2 2.5(41)C(28)-2.5 E F0(.)A F2(32)A F0(.)A
-F2(0)A F0(.)A F2(10 ucbhosts.re)A -.65(v.)-.25 G(bak).65 E 21.38
-(primary 0)132 373.8 R F0(.)A F2(0)A F0(.)A F2(127)A F0(.)A F2(in-addr)A
-F0(.)A F2 18.07(arpa named)B F0(.)A F2(local)A(cache)132 385.8 Q F0(.)
-32.78 E F2(root)99.16 E F0(.)A F2(cache)A F0 2.5(6.9.1.3. Caching)117
-418.2 R(Only Ser)2.5 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(r).1 E F2(;)132 438.6 Q 2.5(;B)132
-450.6 S(oot \214le for Caching Only Name Serv)-2.5 E(er)-.15 E(;)132
-462.6 Q 2.5(;t)132 483 S 26.1(ype domain)-2.5 F(source \214le or host)
-71.66 E(;)132 495 Q 12.5(directory /usr/local/adm/named)132 507 R(cache)
-132 519 Q F0(.)28.34 E F2(root)99.16 E F0(.)A F2(cache)A 16.94
-(primary 0)132 531 R F0(.)A F2(0)A F0(.)A F2(127)A F0(.)A F2(in-addr)A
-F0(.)A F2 18.07(arpa named)B F0(.)A F2(local)A F0 2.5(6.9.2. Remote)102
-587.4 R(Ser)2.5 E -.1(ve)-.1 G 2.5(r/D).1 G(NS Client)-2.5 E 2.5
-(6.9.2.1. /etc/r)117 611.4 R(esolv)-.18 E(.conf)-.7 E F2(domain Berk)132
-639.6 Q(ele)-.1 E(y)-.15 E F0(.)A F2(Edu)A(nameserv)132 651.6 Q(er 128)
--.15 E F0(.)A F2(32)A F0(.)A F2(0)A F0(.)A F2(4)A(nameserv)132 663.6 Q
-(er 128)-.15 E F0(.)A F2(32)A F0(.)A F2(0)A F0(.)A F2(10)A
-(sortlist 130.155.160.0/255.255.240.0 130.155.0.0)132 675.6 Q EP
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-/F0 10/Times-Bold@0 SF 203.87(SMM:10-22 Name)72 60 R(Ser)2.5 E -.1(ve)
--.1 G 2.5(rO).1 G(perations Guide f)-2.5 E(or)-.25 E/F1 9/Times-Bold@0
-SF(BIND)2.5 E F0 2.5(6.9.3. r)102 96 R(oot.cache)-.18 E/F2 10
-/Times-Roman@0 SF(;)117 124.2 Q 17.5(;T)117 136.2 S
-(his \214le holds the information on root name serv)-17.5 E
-(ers needed to)-.15 E 17.5(;i)117 148.2 S
-(nitialize cache of Internet domain name serv)-17.5 E(ers)-.15 E 17.5
-(;\()117 160.2 S(e.g. reference this \214le in the "cache)-17.5 E 5(.<)5
-G(\214le>")-5 E 17.5(;c)117 172.2 S
-(on\214guration \214le of BIND domain name serv)-17.5 E(ers\).)-.15 E(;)
-117 184.2 Q 17.5(;T)117 196.2 S(his \214le is made a)-17.5 E -.25(va)-.2
-G(ilable by InterNIC re).25 E(gistration services)-.15 E 17.5(;u)117
-208.2 S(nder anon)-17.5 E(ymous FTP as)-.15 E 27.5<3b8c>117 220.2 S 37.5
-(le /domain/named.root)-27.5 F 27.5(;o)117 232.2 S 2.5(ns)-27.5 G(erv)
--2.5 E 25(er FTP)-.15 F(.RS.INTERNIC.NET)-1.11 E 17.5(;-)117 244.2 S
-(OR- under Gopher at)-17.5 E(RS.INTERNIC.NET)10 E 27.5(;u)117 256.2 S
-(nder menu)-27.5 E(InterNIC Re)25 E(gistration Services \(NSI\))-.15 E
-35(;s)117 268.2 S 22.5(ubmenu InterNIC)-35 F(Re)2.5 E(gistration Archi)
--.15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(s).15 E 27.5<3b8c>117 280.2 S 37.5(le named.root)
--27.5 F(;)117 292.2 Q 17.5(;l)117 304.2 S(ast update:)-17.5 E
-(Oct 5, 1994)10 E 17.5(;r)117 316.2 S(elated v)-17.5 E
-(ersion of root zone:)-.15 E(1994100500)7.5 E(;)117 328.2 Q F0(.)117
-344.4 Q F2 12.5(604800 IN NS NS)110.28 F F0(.)A F2(INTERNIC)A F0(.)A F2
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--.1 F(w)-.25 E F3 -.834(ifcon\214g \(8C\))102 690.6 R F2 .016
-(to con\214gure the machines local interf)2.516 F .016
-(aces and to enable a system manager to access the)-.1 F(netw)102 702.6
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-(has not)2.571 F .045(changed. See)102 120 R F3 -.834(hosts \(5\))2.545
-F F2 .045(for more information.)2.545 F .045
-(Since the process of reading)5.045 F F3(/etc/hosts)2.545 E F2 .046
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-(ot)-2.546 E
-(advisable to use this option when the system is in multi user mode.)102
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-(restarting the process.)102 196.2 Q F0 2.5(8.4.1. Reload)102 220.2 R F2
-1.782(SIGHUP - Causes)142 236.4 R F3(named)4.282 E F2 1.782(to read)
-4.282 F F3(named.boot)4.282 E F2 1.782(and reload the database.)4.282 F
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-(ve m)-.2 H .217(ade a change to a `).15 F(`primary')-.74 E 2.717('d)
--.74 G .217(ata \214le and you w)-2.717 F(ant)-.1 E F3(named)2.717 E F2
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-(to re\215ect the change.)117 260.4 R .686(If you b)5.685 F(uild)-.2 E
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-(ones for serial-number checks, which could lead)-3.223 F .524
-(to zone transfers ahead of the usual schedule.)117 284.4 R .525
-(Normally serial-number compares are done only)5.525 F(at the interv)117
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-E F2(record.)2.5 E F0 2.5(8.4.2. Deb)102 320.4 R(ugging)-.2 E F2(When)
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-(end it a signal to see what is happening.)-3.304 F .805
-(Unless you run it)5.804 F 1.827(with the `)117 360.6 R(`-d')-.74 E
-4.327('o)-.74 G(ption,)-4.327 E F3(named)4.327 E F2 1.827(has v)4.327 F
-1.827(ery little to say on its standard output or standard error)-.15 F
-(.)-.55 E(Ev)117 372.6 Q(erything)-.15 E F3(named)2.5 E F2(has to say)
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-F2(.)A 2.612(SIGINT - Dumps the current data base and cache to)142 388.8
-R F3(/var/tmp/named_dump.db)5.112 E F2(This)5.112 E .792(should gi)117
-400.8 R 1.092 -.15(ve y)-.25 H .792
-(ou an indication to whether the data base w).15 F .792
-(as loaded correctly)-.1 F 5.792(.T)-.65 G .791(he name of the)-5.792 F
-(dump \214le may be changed by de\214ning)117 412.8 Q F3(DUMPFILE)2.5 E
-F2(to the ne)2.5 E 2.5(wn)-.25 G(ame when compiling)-2.5 E F3(named)2.5
-E F2(.)A F3(Note:)117 436.8 Q F2(the follo)2.5 E(wing tw)-.25 E 2.5(os)
--.1 G(ignals only w)-2.5 E(ork when)-.1 E F3(named)2.5 E F2(is b)2.5 E
-(uilt with)-.2 E F3(DEB)2.5 E(UG)-.1 E F2(de\214ned.)2.5 E 1.103
-(SIGUSR1 - T)142 453 R 1.103(urns on deb)-.45 F 1.104
-(ugging. Each follo)-.2 F 1.104(wing SIGUSR1 increments the deb)-.25 F
-1.104(ug le)-.2 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(l.).15 E .186(The output goes to)117
-465 R F3(/var/tmp/named.run)2.686 E F2 .186(The name of this deb)2.686 F
-.186(ug \214le may be changed by de\214ning)-.2 F F3(DEB)117 477 Q
-(UGFILE)-.1 E F2(to the ne)2.5 E 2.5(wn)-.25 G(ame before compiling)-2.5
-E F3(named)2.5 E F2(.)A(SIGUSR2 - T)142 493.2 Q(urns of)-.45 E 2.5(fd)
--.25 G(eb)-2.5 E(ugging completely)-.2 E(.)-.65 E -.15(Fo)117 517.2 S
-5.77(rm).15 G 3.27(ore detailed deb)-5.77 F 3.27(ugging, de\214ne DEB)
--.2 F 3.27(UG when compiling the resolv)-.1 F 3.27(er routines into)-.15
-F F3(/lib/libc.a)117 529.2 Q F2(.)A .925(SIGWINCH - T)142 545.4 R .925
-(oggles tracing of all incoming queries if)-.8 F F3(named)3.424 E F2
-.924(has been compiled with)3.424 F F3(QR)117 557.4 Q(YLOG)-.18 E F2
-3.876(de\214ned. The)3.876 F 1.376
-(trace is sent to syslog, and is huge, b)3.876 F 1.377(ut it is v)-.2 F
-1.377(ery useful for tracking)-.15 F(do)117 569.4 Q(wn problems.)-.25 E
-2.098 -.8(To r)117 593.4 T .498
-(un with tracing of all queries specify the).8 F F3(-q)2.998 E F2 .498
-(\215ag on the command line.)2.998 F .497(If you routinely log)5.497 F
-.133(queries you will probably w)117 605.4 R .133(ant to analyze the re\
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-617.4 Q(.)-.65 E(SIGIO)142 633.6 Q 2.694(T-)-.4 G .193
-(Dumps statistics data into)-.001 F F3(/var/tmp/named.stats)2.693 E F2
-.193(if the serv)2.693 F .193(er is b)-.15 F .193(uilt with)-.2 F F3(ST)
-2.693 E -.37(AT)-.5 G(S).37 E F2 2.5(de\214ned. Statistics)117 645.6 R
-(are appended to the \214le.)2.5 E F0 2.5(9. Building)72 681.6 R 2.5(aS)
-2.5 G(ystem with a Name Ser)-2.5 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(r).1 E F2 .335
-(BIND is composed of tw)112 697.8 R 2.835(op)-.1 G 2.835(arts. One)
--2.835 F .335(is the user interf)2.835 F .335(ace called the)-.1 F F3
--.37(re)2.836 G(solver).37 E F2 .336(which consists of a)2.836 F .293
-(group of routines that reside in the C library)87 709.8 R F3
-(/lib/libc.a)2.793 E F2 5.293(.S)C .293(econd is the actual serv)-5.293
-F .293(er called)-.15 F F3(named)2.793 E F2 5.292(.T)C(his)-5.292 E .066
-(is a daemon that runs in the background and services queries on a gi)87
-721.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.566(nn).15 G(etw)-2.566 E .066
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-(for UDP and TCP is speci\214ed in)87 96 Q/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF
-(/etc/services)2.5 E F2(.)A F0 2.5(9.1. Resolv)87 120 R
-(er Routines in libc)-.1 E F2 .11(When b)127 136.2 R .11
-(uilding your 4.3BSD system you may either b)-.2 F .109
-(uild the C library to use the name serv)-.2 F(er)-.15 E(resolv)102
-148.2 Q .415(er routines or use the host table lookup routines to do ho\
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-(ault resolv)-.1 F .94(er for 4.3BSD uses the name serv)-.15 F(er)-.15 E
-5.939(.N)-.55 G -.25(ew)-5.939 G .939
-(er BSD systems include both name serv).25 F(er)-.15 E .65
-(and host table functionality with preference gi)102 172.2 R -.15(ve)
--.25 G 3.15(nt).15 G 3.15(ot)-3.15 G .65(he name serv)-3.15 F .651
-(er if there is one or if there is a)-.15 F F3(/etc/r)102 184.2 Q(esolv)
--.37 E(.conf)-.74 E F2(\214le.)2.5 E 3.604
-(Building the C library to use the name serv)127 200.4 R 3.603
-(er changes the w)-.15 F(ay)-.1 E F3 -.1(ge)6.103 G(thostbyname).1 E F2
-(\(3N\),)1.666 E F3 -.1(ge)102 212.4 S(thostbyaddr).1 E F2 6.986
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-(er renders)-.15 F F3 -.1(ge)102 224.4 S(thostent).1 E F2 .684
-(\(3N\) obsolete, since it has no concept of a ne)1.666 F .683
-(xt line in the database.)-.15 F .683(These library calls)5.683 F(are b)
-102 236.4 Q(uilt with the resolv)-.2 E
-(er routines needed to query the name serv)-.15 E(er)-.15 E(.)-.55 E
-(The)127 252.6 Q F3 -.37(re)4.915 G(solver).37 E F2 2.416
-(contains functions that b)4.915 F 2.416(uild query pack)-.2 F 2.416
-(ets and e)-.1 F 2.416(xchange them with name)-.15 F(serv)102 264.6 Q
-(ers.)-.15 E 1.587(Before b)127 280.8 R 1.587
-(uilding the 4.3BSD C library)-.2 F 4.087(,s)-.65 G 1.587(et the v)
--4.087 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(HOSTLOOKUP)4.087 E F2 1.587(equal to)4.087 F
-F3(named)4.087 E F2(in)4.086 E F3(/usr/sr)102 292.8 Q(c/lib/libc/Mak)
--.37 E(e\214le)-.1 E F2 5.99(.Y)C .99(ou then mak)-7.09 F 3.49(ea)-.1 G
-.99(nd install the C library and compiler and then compile)-3.49 F .733
-(the rest of the 4.3BSD system.)102 304.8 R -.15(Fo)5.733 G 3.233(rm).15
-G .733(ore information see section 6.6 of `)-3.233 F .732
-(`Installing and Operating)-.74 F(4.3BSD on the V)102 316.8 Q(AX\210')
--1.35 E('.)-.74 E 1.34(If your operating system isn')127 333 R 3.84(tV)
--.18 G 1.341(AX\210 4.3BSD, it is probably the case that your v)-5.19 F
-1.341(endor has)-.15 F(included)102 345 Q F3 -.37(re)2.981 G(solver).37
-E F2 .481(support in the supplied C Library)2.981 F 5.481(.Y)-.65 G .481
-(ou should consult your v)-6.581 F(endor')-.15 E 2.98(sd)-.55 G
-(ocumenta-)-2.98 E 1.038
-(tion to \214nd out what has to be done to enable)102 357 R F3 -.37(re)
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-(may be out of date with respect to the one shipped with)102 369 R/F4 9
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--3.599 F 1.099(ant to b)-.1 F(uild)-.2 E F4(BIND)102 381 Q F2 1.943 -.55
-('s r)D(esolv).55 E .844
-(er library and install it, and its include \214les, into your system')
--.15 F 3.344(sc)-.55 G .844(ompile/link path so)-3.344 F(that your o)102
-393 Q(wn netw)-.25 E(ork applications will be able to use the ne)-.1 E
-(wer features.)-.25 E .32 LW 76 680.4 72 680.4 DL 80 680.4 76 680.4 DL
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-680.4 DL 172 680.4 168 680.4 DL 176 680.4 172 680.4 DL 180 680.4 176
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-SF(BIND)2.5 E F0 -.55(AC)212.13 96 S(KNO).55 E(WLEDGEMENTS \212 4.9.3)
--.5 E/F2 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(The)97 112.2 Q/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF
-(<bind-work)3.459 E(er)-.1 E(s@vix.com>)-.1 E F2 .959(mailing list w)
-3.459 F .959(as once ag)-.1 F .958(ain of great help; this release w)
--.05 F .958(ould not be)-.1 F .251
-(nearly as ready for prime time if not for their ef)72 124.2 R 2.752
-(forts. Special)-.25 F .252(commendations are o)2.752 F .252
-(wed to Robert Elz, Don)-.25 F("T)72 136.2 Q(ruck" Le)-.35 E
-(wis, Bob Halle)-.25 E 1.3 -.65(y, M)-.15 H(ark Andre).65 E
-(ws, Berthold P)-.25 E(af)-.15 E(frath, Ruediger V)-.25 E
-(olk, and Peter K)-1.29 E(och.)-.35 E .788
-(Digital Equipment Corporation, He)97 152.4 R .787(wlett P)-.25 F .787
-(ackard, Silicon Graphics, and SunSoft all made hardw)-.15 F(are)-.1 E
--.2(av)72 164.4 S 1.156(ailable for inte)-.05 F 1.156
-(gration testing; this made the release f)-.15 F 1.156
-(ar more solid than it w)-.1 F 1.157(ould otherwise ha)-.1 F 1.457 -.15
-(ve b)-.2 H(een.).15 E .687(More hardw)72 176.4 R .687
-(are loans are welcome \212 if you are a system v)-.1 F .686
-(endor and you w)-.15 F .686(ould lik)-.1 F(e)-.1 E/F4 8/Times-Roman@0
-SF(BIND)3.186 E F2 .686(to run `)3.186 F .686(`out of)-.74 F .455
-(the box')72 188.4 R 2.955('o)-.74 G 2.955(ny)-2.955 G .455
-(our platform and are willing to lend some rusty old hardw)-2.955 F .456
-(are for the purpose, please contact)-.1 F(me \()72 200.4 Q F3
-(<paul@vix.or)A(g>)-.37 E F2 2.5(\)t)C 2.5(om)-2.5 G(ak)-2.5 E 2.5(et)
--.1 G(he arrangements.)-2.5 E 4.346
-(Special thanks to the Internet Softw)97 216.6 R 4.346
-(are Consortium for funding this w)-.1 F 6.845(ork. Contact)-.1 F F3
-(<isc-)6.845 E(info@isc.or)72 228.6 Q(g>)-.37 E F2 .971(if your or)3.471
-F -.05(ga)-.18 G .972(nization w).05 F .972(ould lik)-.1 F 3.472(et)-.1
-G 3.472(op)-3.472 G .972(articipate in funding future releases of)-3.472
-F F4(BIND)3.472 E F2 .972(and other)3.472 F(freely redistrib)72 240.6 Q
-(utable softw)-.2 E(are packages that are in wide use on the Internet.)
--.1 E F0 -.55(AC)197.495 276.6 S(KNO).55 E(WLEDGEMENTS \212 thr)-.5 E
-(ough 4.9)-.18 E F2 .604(The alpha-test group w)97 292.8 R .604(as e)-.1
-F .603(xtremely helpful in furnishing impro)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .603
-(ments, \214nding and repairing b).15 F(ugs,)-.2 E .843
-(and being patient.)72 304.8 R 3.343(Iw)5.843 G .844(ould lik)-3.443 F
-3.344(et)-.1 G 3.344(oe)-3.344 G .844
-(xpress special thanks to Brian Reid of Digital Equipment corporation)
--3.494 F .024(for funding this w)72 316.8 R 2.524(ork. Robert)-.1 F .023
-(Elz, Alan Barrett, P)2.524 F .023(aul Albitz, Bryan Beecher)-.15 F
-2.523(,A)-.4 G(ndre)-2.523 E 2.523(wP)-.25 G .023(artan, Andy Cheren-)
--2.673 F 1.097(son, T)72 328.8 R 1.098(om Limoncelli, Berthold P)-.8 F
-(af)-.15 E 1.098(frath, Fuat Baran, Anant K)-.25 F(umar)-.15 E 3.598(,A)
--.4 G 1.098(rt Harkin, W)-3.598 F 1.098(in T)-.4 F 1.098(reese, Don Le)
--.35 F(wis,)-.25 E 1.606(Christophe W)72 340.8 R 1.606
-(olfhugel, and a cast of dozens all helped out abo)-.8 F 1.906 -.15
-(ve a)-.15 H 1.606(nd be).15 F 1.606(yond the call of duty)-.15 F 6.605
-(.S)-.65 G(pecial)-6.605 E .702
-(thanks to Phil Almquist, who got the project started and contrib)72
-352.8 R .703(uted a lot of the code and \214x)-.2 F .703(ed se)-.15 F
--.15(ve)-.25 G .703(ral of).15 F(the w)72 364.8 Q(orst b)-.1 E(ugs.)-.2
-E F0 -.55(AC)193.745 400.8 S(KNO).55 E(WLEDGEMENTS \212 thr)-.5 E
-(ough 4.8.3)-.18 E F2(Man)97 417 Q 2.916(yt)-.15 G .416
-(hanks to the users at U. C. Berk)-2.916 F(ele)-.1 E 2.916(yf)-.15 G
-.416(or f)-2.916 F .415(alling into man)-.1 F 2.915(yo)-.15 G 2.915(ft)
--2.915 G .415(he holes in)-2.915 F -.2(vo)-.4 G(lv).2 E .415
-(ed with inte)-.15 F(grat-)-.15 E .467
-(ing BIND into the system so that others w)72 429 R .467
-(ould be spared the trauma.)-.1 F 2.968(Iw)5.468 G .468(ould also lik)
--3.068 F 2.968(et)-.1 G 2.968(oe)-2.968 G .468(xtend gratitude)-3.118 F
-.461(to Jim McGinness and Digital Equipment Corporation for permitting \
-me to spend most of my time on this)72 441 R(project.)72 453 Q .924
-(Ralph Campbell, Doug Kingston, Craig P)97 469.2 R .925
-(artridge, Smoot Carl-Mitchell, Mik)-.15 F 3.425(eM)-.1 G .925
-(uuss and e)-3.425 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ryone).15 E .081(else on the D)72
-481.2 R(ARP)-.4 E 2.581(AI)-.92 G .081(nternet who has contrib)-2.581 F
-.081(uted to the de)-.2 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .08(lopment of BIND.).15 F 1.68
--.8(To t)5.08 H .08(he members of the orig-).8 F
-(inal BIND project, Douglas T)72 493.2 Q(erry)-.7 E 2.5(,M)-.65 G(ark P)
--2.5 E(ainter)-.15 E 2.5(,D)-.4 G -.2(av)-2.5 G
-(id Riggle and Songnian Zhou.).2 E 1.14
-(Anne Hughes, Jim Bloom and Kirk McK)97 509.4 R 1.14(usick and the man)
--.15 F 3.64(yo)-.15 G 1.14(thers who ha)-3.64 F 1.44 -.15(ve r)-.2 H
--.25(ev).15 G(ie).25 E 1.14(wed this paper)-.25 F(gi)72 521.4 Q
-(ving considerable advice.)-.25 E 1.021(This w)97 537.6 R 1.021(ork w)
--.1 F 1.021(as sponsored by the Defense Adv)-.1 F 1.021
-(anced Research Projects Agenc)-.25 F 3.52(y\()-.15 G 1.02
-(DoD\), Arpa Order)-3.52 F .786(No. 4871 monitored by the Na)72 549.6 R
--.25(va)-.2 G 3.287(lE).25 G .787
-(lectronics Systems Command under contract No. N00039-84-C-0089.)-3.287
-F 1.21(The vie)72 561.6 R 1.209(ws and conclusions contained in this do\
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-2.264(preted as representing of)72 573.6 R 2.264
-(\214cial policies, either e)-.25 F 2.265
-(xpressed or implied, of the Defense Research Projects)-.15 F(Agenc)72
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-(rnment, or of Digital Equipment Corporation.).15 E EP
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-(.D., \231Grape)-2.501 E(vine: An Ex)-.25 E(ercise)-.15 E(in Distrib)144
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-(J., \231The Domain Naming Con)4.586 F -.15(ve)-.4 G 2.087
-(ntion for Internet User Applications.).15 F<9a>-.7 E F3 2.925
-(Internet Request F)144 164.4 R 2.925(or Comment 819)-1.05 F F2(Netw)
-5.424 E 2.924(ork Information Center)-.1 F 5.424(,S)-.4 G 2.924
-(RI International,)-5.424 F(Menlo P)144 176.4 Q(ark, California.)-.15 E
-(August 1982.)5 E 28.94([RFC974] P)72 192.6 R .933
-(artridge, C., \231Mail Routing and The Domain System.)-.15 F<9a>-.7 E
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-1.498(RI International, Menlo P)-3.998 F 1.497(ark, California.)-.15 F
-(February)6.497 E(1986.)144 216.6 Q 23.94([RFC1032] Stahl,)72 232.8 R
-.202(M., \231Domain Administrators Guide\232)2.702 F F3 .202
-(Internet Request F)2.702 F .202(or Comment 1032)-1.05 F F2(Netw)2.702 E
-(ork)-.1 E(Information Center)144 244.8 Q 2.5(,S)-.4 G
-(RI International, Menlo P)-2.5 E(ark, California.)-.15 E(No)5 E -.15
-(ve)-.15 G(mber 1987.).15 E 23.94([RFC1033] Lottor)72 261 R 4.01(,M)-.4
-G 1.51(., \231Domain Administrators Guide\232)-4.01 F F3 1.51
-(Internet Request F)4.01 F 1.51(or Comment 1033)-1.05 F F2(Net-)4.01 E
--.1(wo)144 273 S(rk Information Center).1 E 2.5(,S)-.4 G
-(RI International, Menlo P)-2.5 E(ark, California.)-.15 E(No)5 E -.15
-(ve)-.15 G(mber 1987.).15 E 23.94([RFC1034] Mockapetris,)72 289.2 R
--1.11(P.)3.434 G 3.434<2c99>1.11 G .934(Domain Names - Concept and F)
--3.434 F(acilities.)-.15 E<9a>-.7 E F3 .935(Internet Request F)5.935 F
-.935(or Com-)-1.05 F 3.072(ment 1034)144 301.2 R F2(Netw)5.571 E 3.071
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-(Domain Names - Implementation and Speci\214cation.)-3.139 F<9a>-.7 E F3
-.639(Internet Request)5.639 F -1.05(Fo)144 341.4 S 2.889(rC)1.05 G .389
-(omment 1035)-2.889 F F2(Netw)2.889 E .389(ork Information Center)-.1 F
-2.889(,S)-.4 G .389(RI International, Menlo P)-2.889 F .389
-(ark, Califor)-.15 F(-)-.2 E 2.5(nia. No)144 353.4 R -.15(ve)-.15 G
-(mber 1987.).15 E 23.94([RFC1101] Mockapetris,)72 369.6 R -1.11(P.)2.853
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-(ork Names and Other T)-.1 F(ypes.)-.8 E<9a>-.7 E F3 .354
-(Internet Request)5.354 F -1.05(Fo)144 381.6 S 2.889(rC)1.05 G .389
-(omment 1101)-2.889 F F2(Netw)2.889 E .389(ork Information Center)-.1 F
-2.889(,S)-.4 G .389(RI International, Menlo P)-2.889 F .389
-(ark, Califor)-.15 F(-)-.2 E 2.5(nia. April)144 393.6 R(1989.)2.5 E
-23.94([RFC1123] R.)72 409.8 R .293(Braden, Editor)2.793 F 2.793<2c99>-.4
-G .294(Requirements for Internet Hosts -- Application and Support\232)
--2.793 F F3(Internet)2.794 E .369(Request F)144 421.8 R .369
-(or Comment 1123)-1.05 F F2(Netw)2.869 E .369(ork Information Center)-.1
-F 2.869(,S)-.4 G .369(RI International, Menlo P)-2.869 F(ark,)-.15 E 2.5
-(California. October)144 433.8 R(1989.)2.5 E 23.94([RFC1183] Ev)72 450 R
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-(os, L., Ullmann, R., and Mockapetris, P)-.1 F 1.526(., \231Ne)-1.11 F
-4.026(wD)-.25 G 1.526(NS RR De\214ni-)-4.026 F(tions\232)144 462 Q F3
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-4.188 E 1.688(ork Information Center)-.1 F 4.188(,S)-.4 G 1.688
-(RI Interna-)-4.188 F(tional, Menlo P)144 474 Q(ark, California.)-.15 E
-(October 1990.)5 E 23.94([RFC1327] Hardcastle-Kille,)72 490.2 R .805
-(S., \231Mapping between X.400\(1988\) / ISO 10021 and RFC 822\232)3.305
-F F3(Inter)3.306 E(-)-.2 E 1.215(net Request F)144 502.2 R 1.215
-(or Comment 1327)-1.05 F F2(Netw)3.715 E 1.215(ork Information Center)
--.1 F 3.715(,S)-.4 G 1.215(RI International, Menlo)-3.715 F -.15(Pa)144
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-72 530.4 R .14(C., Bonito, A., Cole, B., Giordano, S., Hagens, R., \231\
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-(Internet Request F)2.763 F .263(or Comment 1664)-1.05 F F2(Netw)144
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-(RI International, Menlo P)-2.5 E(ark, California.)-.15 E(August 1994.)5
-E 23.94([RFC1713] Romao,)72 570.6 R .173(A., \231T)2.673 F .173
-(ools for DNS deb)-.8 F(ugging\232)-.2 E F3 .173(Internet Request F)
-2.673 F .174(or Comment 1713, also FYI27)-1.05 F F2(Netw)144 582.6 Q
-.019(ork Information Center)-.1 F 2.519(,S)-.4 G .019
-(RI International, Menlo P)-2.519 F .019(ark, California.)-.15 F(No)
-5.019 E -.15(ve)-.15 G .018(mber 1994.).15 F([T)72 598.8 Q 41.33
-(erry] T)-.7 F(erry)-.7 E 4.677(,D)-.65 G 4.677(.B)-4.677 G 2.178(., P)
--4.677 F(ainter)-.15 E 4.678(,M)-.4 G 2.178(., Riggle, D. W)-4.678 F
-2.178(., and Zhou, S.,)-.92 F F3 2.178(The Berk)4.678 F(ele)-.1 E 4.678
-(yI)-.3 G 2.178(nternet Name)-4.678 F .747(Domain Server)144 610.8 R(.)
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-(1984, pages 23-31.)144 622.8 Q 41.73([Zhou] Zhou,)72 639 R(S.,)2.745 E
-F3 .246(The Design and Implementation of the Berk)2.745 F(ele)-.1 E
-2.746(yI)-.3 G .246(nternet Name Domain \(BIND\))-2.746 F(Server)144 651
-Q(s.)-.1 E F2 .465(UCB/CSD 84/177.)5.465 F(Uni)5.465 E -.15(ve)-.25 G
-.464(rsity of California, Berk).15 F(ele)-.1 E 1.764 -.65(y, C)-.15 H
-.464(omputer Science Di).65 F(vi-)-.25 E 2.5(sion. May)144 663 R(1984.)
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-(,D)1.11 G .962(unlap, K,)-3.462 F F3(De)3.463 E .963
-(velopment of the Domain Name System)-.15 F F2 -.4(AC)3.463 G 3.463(MC)
-.4 G(omputer)-3.463 E 2.058(Communications Re)144 691.2 R(vie)-.25 E
-4.558(w1)-.25 G 2.058(8, 4:123-133.)-4.558 F 2.057(Proceedings A)7.058 F
-2.057(CM SIGCOMM '88)-.4 F(Sympo-)7.057 E(sium, August 1988.)144 703.2 Q
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-(O'Reilly & Associates, Sebastopol, CA, 502 pages,)3.59 F
-(ISBN 0-937175-82-X 1992)144 108 Q EP
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