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diff --git a/gnu/usr.bin/rcs/man/co.1 b/gnu/usr.bin/rcs/man/co.1 new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..ad6559bf25f --- /dev/null +++ b/gnu/usr.bin/rcs/man/co.1 @@ -0,0 +1,736 @@ +.de Id +.ds Rv \\$3 +.ds Dt \\$4 +.. +.Id $Id: co.1,v 1.1 1996/08/12 04:07:47 millert Exp $ +.ds i \&\s-1ISO\s0 +.ds r \&\s-1RCS\s0 +.ds u \&\s-1UTC\s0 +.if n .ds - \%-- +.if t .ds - \(em +.TH CO 1 \*(Dt GNU +.SH NAME +co \- check out RCS revisions +.SH SYNOPSIS +.B co +.RI [ options ] " file " .\|.\|. +.SH DESCRIPTION +.B co +retrieves a revision from each \*r file and stores it into +the corresponding working file. +.PP +Pathnames matching an \*r suffix denote \*r files; +all others denote working files. +Names are paired as explained in +.BR ci (1). +.PP +Revisions of an \*r file can be checked out locked or unlocked. Locking a +revision prevents overlapping updates. A revision checked out for reading or +processing (e.g., compiling) need not be locked. A revision checked out +for editing and later checkin must normally be locked. Checkout with locking +fails if the revision to be checked out is currently locked by another user. +(A lock can be broken with +.BR rcs "(1).)\ \&" +Checkout with locking also requires the caller to be on the access list of +the \*r file, unless he is the owner of the +file or the superuser, or the access list is empty. +Checkout without locking is not subject to accesslist restrictions, and is +not affected by the presence of locks. +.PP +A revision is selected by options for revision or branch number, +checkin date/time, author, or state. +When the selection options +are applied in combination, +.B co +retrieves the latest revision +that satisfies all of them. +If none of the selection options +is specified, +.B co +retrieves the latest revision +on the default branch (normally the trunk, see the +.B \-b +option of +.BR rcs (1)). +A revision or branch number can be attached +to any of the options +.BR \-f , +.BR \-I , +.BR \-l , +.BR \-M , +.BR \-p , +.BR \-q , +.BR \-r , +or +.BR \-u . +The options +.B \-d +(date), +.B \-s +(state), and +.B \-w +(author) +retrieve from a single branch, the +.I selected +branch, +which is either specified by one of +.BR \-f , +\&.\|.\|., +.BR \-u , +or the default branch. +.PP +A +.B co +command applied to an \*r +file with no revisions creates a zero-length working file. +.B co +always performs keyword substitution (see below). +.SH OPTIONS +.TP +.BR \-r [\f2rev\fP] +retrieves the latest revision whose number is less than or equal to +.IR rev . +If +.I rev +indicates a branch rather than a revision, +the latest revision on that branch is retrieved. +If +.I rev +is omitted, the latest revision on the default branch +(see the +.B \-b +option of +.BR rcs (1)) +is retrieved. +If +.I rev +is +.BR $ , +.B co +determines the revision number from keyword values in the working file. +Otherwise, a revision is composed of one or more numeric or symbolic fields +separated by periods. +If +.I rev +begins with a period, +then the default branch (normally the trunk) is prepended to it. +If +.I rev +is a branch number followed by a period, +then the latest revision on that branch is used. +The numeric equivalent of a symbolic field +is specified with the +.B \-n +option of the commands +.BR ci (1) +and +.BR rcs (1). +.TP +.BR \-l [\f2rev\fP] +same as +.BR \-r , +except that it also locks the retrieved revision for +the caller. +.TP +.BR \-u [\f2rev\fP] +same as +.BR \-r , +except that it unlocks the retrieved revision if it was +locked by the caller. If +.I rev +is omitted, +.B \-u +retrieves the revision locked by the caller, if there is one; otherwise, +it retrieves the latest revision on the default branch. +.TP +.BR \-f [\f2rev\fP] +forces the overwriting of the working file; +useful in connection with +.BR \-q . +See also +.SM "FILE MODES" +below. +.TP +.B \-kkv +Generate keyword strings using the default form, e.g.\& +.B "$\&Revision: \*(Rv $" +for the +.B Revision +keyword. +A locker's name is inserted in the value of the +.BR Header , +.BR Id , +and +.B Locker +keyword strings +only as a file is being locked, +i.e. by +.B "ci\ \-l" +and +.BR "co\ \-l". +This is the default. +.TP +.B \-kkvl +Like +.BR \-kkv , +except that a locker's name is always inserted +if the given revision is currently locked. +.TP +.B \-kk +Generate only keyword names in keyword strings; omit their values. +See +.SM "KEYWORD SUBSTITUTION" +below. +For example, for the +.B Revision +keyword, generate the string +.B $\&Revision$ +instead of +.BR "$\&Revision: \*(Rv $" . +This option is useful to ignore differences due to keyword substitution +when comparing different revisions of a file. +Log messages are inserted after +.B $\&Log$ +keywords even if +.B \-kk +is specified, +since this tends to be more useful when merging changes. +.TP +.B \-ko +Generate the old keyword string, +present in the working file just before it was checked in. +For example, for the +.B Revision +keyword, generate the string +.B "$\&Revision: 1.1 $" +instead of +.B "$\&Revision: \*(Rv $" +if that is how the string appeared when the file was checked in. +This can be useful for file formats +that cannot tolerate any changes to substrings +that happen to take the form of keyword strings. +.TP +.B \-kb +Generate a binary image of the old keyword string. +This acts like +.BR \-ko , +except it performs all working file input and output in binary mode. +This makes little difference on Posix and Unix hosts, +but on DOS-like hosts one should use +.B "rcs\ \-i\ \-kb" +to initialize an \*r file intended to be used for binary files. +Also, on all hosts, +.BR rcsmerge (1) +normally refuses to merge files when +.B \-kb +is in effect. +.TP +.B \-kv +Generate only keyword values for keyword strings. +For example, for the +.B Revision +keyword, generate the string +.B \*(Rv +instead of +.BR "$\&Revision: \*(Rv $" . +This can help generate files in programming languages where it is hard to +strip keyword delimiters like +.B "$\&Revision:\ $" +from a string. +However, further keyword substitution cannot be performed once the +keyword names are removed, so this option should be used with care. +Because of this danger of losing keywords, +this option cannot be combined with +.BR \-l , +and the owner write permission of the working file is turned off; +to edit the file later, check it out again without +.BR \-kv . +.TP +.BR \-p [\f2rev\fP] +prints the retrieved revision on the standard output rather than storing it +in the working file. +This option is useful when +.B co +is part of a pipe. +.TP +.BR \-q [\f2rev\fP] +quiet mode; diagnostics are not printed. +.TP +.BR \-I [\f2rev\fP] +interactive mode; +the user is prompted and questioned +even if the standard input is not a terminal. +.TP +.BI \-d date +retrieves the latest revision on the selected branch whose checkin date/time is +less than or equal to +.IR date . +The date and time can be given in free format. +The time zone +.B LT +stands for local time; +other common time zone names are understood. +For example, the following +.IR date s +are equivalent +if local time is January 11, 1990, 8pm Pacific Standard Time, +eight hours west of Coordinated Universal Time (\*u): +.RS +.LP +.RS +.nf +.ta \w'\f3Thu, 11 Jan 1990 20:00:00 \-0800\fP 'u +.ne 10 +\f38:00 pm lt\fP +\f34:00 AM, Jan. 12, 1990\fP default is \*u +\f31990-01-12 04:00:00+00\fP \*i 8601 (\*u) +\f31990-01-11 20:00:00\-08\fP \*i 8601 (local time) +\f31990/01/12 04:00:00\fP traditional \*r format +\f3Thu Jan 11 20:00:00 1990 LT\fP output of \f3ctime\fP(3) + \f3LT\fP +\f3Thu Jan 11 20:00:00 PST 1990\fP output of \f3date\fP(1) +\f3Fri Jan 12 04:00:00 GMT 1990\fP +\f3Thu, 11 Jan 1990 20:00:00 \-0800\fP Internet RFC 822 +\f312-January-1990, 04:00 WET\fP +.ta 4n +4n +4n +4n +.fi +.RE +.LP +Most fields in the date and time can be defaulted. +The default time zone is normally \*u, but this can be overridden by the +.B \-z +option. +The other defaults are determined in the order year, month, day, +hour, minute, and second (most to least significant). At least one of these +fields must be provided. For omitted fields that are of higher significance +than the highest provided field, the time zone's current values are assumed. +For all other omitted fields, +the lowest possible values are assumed. +For example, without +.BR \-z , +the date +.B "20, 10:30" +defaults to +10:30:00 \*u of the 20th of the \*u time zone's current month and year. +The date/time must be quoted if it contains spaces. +.RE +.TP +.BR \-M [\f2rev\fP] +Set the modification time on the new working file +to be the date of the retrieved revision. +Use this option with care; it can confuse +.BR make (1). +.TP +.BI \-s state +retrieves the latest revision on the selected branch whose state is set to +.IR state . +.TP +.B \-T +Preserve the modification time on the \*r file +even if the \*r file changes because a lock is added or removed. +This option can suppress extensive recompilation caused by a +.BR make (1) +dependency of some other copy of the working file on the \*r file. +Use this option with care; it can suppress recompilation even when it is needed, +i.e. when the change of lock +would mean a change to keyword strings in the other working file. +.TP +.BR \-w [\f2login\fP] +retrieves the latest revision on the selected branch which was checked in +by the user with login name +.IR login . +If the argument +.I login +is +omitted, the caller's login is assumed. +.TP +.BI \-j joinlist +generates a new revision which is the join of the revisions on +.IR joinlist . +This option is largely obsoleted by +.BR rcsmerge (1) +but is retained for backwards compatibility. +.RS +.PP +The +.I joinlist +is a comma-separated list of pairs of the form +.IB rev2 : rev3, +where +.I rev2 +and +.I rev3 +are (symbolic or numeric) +revision numbers. +For the initial such pair, +.I rev1 +denotes the revision selected +by the above options +.BR \-f , +\&.\|.\|., +.BR \-w . +For all other pairs, +.I rev1 +denotes the revision generated by the previous pair. +(Thus, the output +of one join becomes the input to the next.) +.PP +For each pair, +.B co +joins revisions +.I rev1 +and +.I rev3 +with respect to +.IR rev2 . +This means that all changes that transform +.I rev2 +into +.I rev1 +are applied to a copy of +.IR rev3 . +This is particularly useful if +.I rev1 +and +.I rev3 +are the ends of two branches that have +.I rev2 +as a common ancestor. If +.IR rev1 < rev2 < rev3 +on the same branch, +joining generates a new revision which is like +.I rev3, +but with all changes that lead from +.I rev1 +to +.I rev2 +undone. +If changes from +.I rev2 +to +.I rev1 +overlap with changes from +.I rev2 +to +.I rev3, +.B co +reports overlaps as described in +.BR merge (1). +.PP +For the initial pair, +.I rev2 +can be omitted. The default is the common +ancestor. +If any of the arguments indicate branches, the latest revisions +on those branches are assumed. +The options +.B \-l +and +.B \-u +lock or unlock +.IR rev1 . +.RE +.TP +.BI \-V +Print \*r's version number. +.TP +.BI \-V n +Emulate \*r version +.I n, +where +.I n +can be +.BR 3 , +.BR 4 , +or +.BR 5 . +This can be useful when interchanging \*r files with others who are +running older versions of \*r. +To see which version of \*r your correspondents are running, have them invoke +.BR "rcs \-V" ; +this works with newer versions of \*r. +If it doesn't work, have them invoke +.B rlog +on an \*r file; +if none of the first few lines of output contain the string +.B branch: +it is version 3; +if the dates' years have just two digits, it is version 4; +otherwise, it is version 5. +An \*r file generated while emulating version 3 loses its default branch. +An \*r revision generated while emulating version 4 or earlier has +a time stamp that is off by up to 13 hours. +A revision extracted while emulating version 4 or earlier contains +abbreviated dates of the form +.IB yy / mm / dd +and can also contain different white space and line prefixes +in the substitution for +.BR $\&Log$ . +.TP +.BI \-x "suffixes" +Use +.I suffixes +to characterize \*r files. +See +.BR ci (1) +for details. +.TP +.BI \-z zone +specifies the date output format in keyword substitution, +and specifies the default time zone for +.I date +in the +.BI \-d date +option. +The +.I zone +should be empty, a numeric \*u offset, or the special string +.B LT +for local time. +The default is an empty +.IR zone , +which uses the traditional \*r format of \*u without any time zone indication +and with slashes separating the parts of the date; +otherwise, times are output in \*i 8601 format with time zone indication. +For example, if local time is January 11, 1990, 8pm Pacific Standard Time, +eight hours west of \*u, +then the time is output as follows: +.RS +.LP +.RS +.nf +.ta \w'\f3\-z+05:30\fP 'u +\w'\f31990-01-11 09:30:00+05:30\fP 'u +.ne 4 +\f2option\fP \f2time output\fP +\f3\-z\fP \f31990/01/12 04:00:00\fP \f2(default)\fP +\f3\-zLT\fP \f31990-01-11 20:00:00\-08\fP +\f3\-z+05:30\fP \f31990-01-12 09:30:00+05:30\fP +.ta 4n +4n +4n +4n +.fi +.RE +.LP +The +.B \-z +option does not affect dates stored in \*r files, +which are always \*u. +.RE +.SH "KEYWORD SUBSTITUTION" +Strings of the form +.BI $ keyword $ +and +.BI $ keyword : .\|.\|. $ +embedded in +the text are replaced +with strings of the form +.BI $ keyword : value $ +where +.I keyword +and +.I value +are pairs listed below. +Keywords can be embedded in literal strings +or comments to identify a revision. +.PP +Initially, the user enters strings of the form +.BI $ keyword $ . +On checkout, +.B co +replaces these strings with strings of the form +.BI $ keyword : value $ . +If a revision containing strings of the latter form +is checked back in, the value fields will be replaced during the next +checkout. +Thus, the keyword values are automatically updated on checkout. +This automatic substitution can be modified by the +.B \-k +options. +.PP +Keywords and their corresponding values: +.TP +.B $\&Author$ +The login name of the user who checked in the revision. +.TP +.B $\&Date$ +The date and time the revision was checked in. +With +.BI \-z zone +a numeric time zone offset is appended; otherwise, the date is \*u. +.TP +.B $\&Header$ +A standard header containing the full pathname of the \*r file, the +revision number, the date and time, the author, the state, +and the locker (if locked). +With +.BI \-z zone +a numeric time zone offset is appended to the date; otherwise, the date is \*u. +.TP +.B $\&Id$ +Same as +.BR $\&Header$ , +except that the \*r filename is without a path. +.TP +.B $\&Locker$ +The login name of the user who locked the revision (empty if not locked). +.TP +.B $\&Log$ +The log message supplied during checkin, preceded by a header +containing the \*r filename, the revision number, the author, and the date +and time. +With +.BI \-z zone +a numeric time zone offset is appended; otherwise, the date is \*u. +Existing log messages are +.I not +replaced. +Instead, the new log message is inserted after +.BR $\&Log: .\|.\|. $ . +This is useful for +accumulating a complete change log in a source file. +.RS +.LP +Each inserted line is prefixed by the string that prefixes the +.B $\&Log$ +line. For example, if the +.B $\&Log$ +line is +.RB \*(lq "//\ $\&Log: tan.cc\ $" \*(rq, +\*r prefixes each line of the log with +.RB \*(lq "//\ " \*(rq. +This is useful for languages with comments that go to the end of the line. +The convention for other languages is to use a +.RB \*(lq " \(** " \(rq +prefix inside a multiline comment. +For example, the initial log comment of a C program +conventionally is of the following form: +.RS +.LP +.nf +.ft 3 +.ne 3 +/\(** +.in +\w'/'u +\(** $\&Log$ +\(**/ +.in +.ft +.fi +.RE +.LP +For backwards compatibility with older versions of \*r, if the log prefix is +.B /\(** +or +.B (\(** +surrounded by optional white space, inserted log lines contain a space +instead of +.B / +or +.BR ( ; +however, this usage is obsolescent and should not be relied on. +.RE +.TP +.B $\&Name$ +The symbolic name used to check out the revision, if any. +For example, +.B "co\ \-rJoe" +generates +.BR "$\&Name:\ Joe\ $" . +Plain +.B co +generates just +.BR "$\&Name:\ \ $" . +.TP +.B $\&RCSfile$ +The name of the \*r file without a path. +.TP +.B $\&Revision$ +The revision number assigned to the revision. +.TP +.B $\&Source$ +The full pathname of the \*r file. +.TP +.B $\&State$ +The state assigned to the revision with the +.B \-s +option of +.BR rcs (1) +or +.BR ci (1). +.PP +The following characters in keyword values are represented by escape sequences +to keep keyword strings well-formed. +.LP +.RS +.nf +.ne 6 +.ta \w'newline 'u +\f2char escape sequence\fP +tab \f3\et\fP +newline \f3\en\fP +space \f3\e040 +$ \e044 +\e \e\e\fP +.fi +.RE +.SH "FILE MODES" +The working file inherits the read and execute permissions from the \*r +file. In addition, the owner write permission is turned on, unless +.B \-kv +is set or the file +is checked out unlocked and locking is set to strict (see +.BR rcs (1)). +.PP +If a file with the name of the working file exists already and has write +permission, +.B co +aborts the checkout, +asking beforehand if possible. +If the existing working file is +not writable or +.B \-f +is given, the working file is deleted without asking. +.SH FILES +.B co +accesses files much as +.BR ci (1) +does, except that it does not need to read the working file +unless a revision number of +.B $ +is specified. +.SH ENVIRONMENT +.TP +.B \s-1RCSINIT\s0 +options prepended to the argument list, separated by spaces. +See +.BR ci (1) +for details. +.SH DIAGNOSTICS +The \*r pathname, the working pathname, +and the revision number retrieved are +written to the diagnostic output. +The exit status is zero if and only if all operations were successful. +.SH IDENTIFICATION +Author: Walter F. Tichy. +.br +Manual Page Revision: \*(Rv; Release Date: \*(Dt. +.br +Copyright \(co 1982, 1988, 1989 Walter F. Tichy. +.br +Copyright \(co 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995 Paul Eggert. +.SH "SEE ALSO" +rcsintro(1), ci(1), ctime(3), date(1), ident(1), make(1), +rcs(1), rcsclean(1), rcsdiff(1), rcsmerge(1), rlog(1), +rcsfile(5) +.br +Walter F. Tichy, +\*r\*-A System for Version Control, +.I "Software\*-Practice & Experience" +.BR 15 , +7 (July 1985), 637-654. +.SH LIMITS +Links to the \*r and working files are not preserved. +.PP +There is no way to selectively suppress the expansion of keywords, except +by writing them differently. In nroff and troff, this is done by embedding the +null-character +.B \e& +into the keyword. +.br |