diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'gnu/usr.bin')
27 files changed, 6229 insertions, 9 deletions
diff --git a/gnu/usr.bin/binutils/bfd/doc/bfd.info-6 b/gnu/usr.bin/binutils/bfd/doc/bfd.info-6 new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..0c59a3dc63d --- /dev/null +++ b/gnu/usr.bin/binutils/bfd/doc/bfd.info-6 @@ -0,0 +1,683 @@ +This is bfd.info, produced by makeinfo version 4.0 from bfd.texinfo. + +START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY +* Bfd: (bfd). The Binary File Descriptor library. +END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY + + This file documents the BFD library. + + Copyright (C) 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. + + Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this +manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are +preserved on all copies. + + Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of +this manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, subject to the +terms of the GNU General Public License, which includes the provision +that the entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms +of a permission notice identical to this one. + + Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this +manual into another language, under the above conditions for modified +versions. + + +File: bfd.info, Node: coff, Next: elf, Prev: aout, Up: BFD back ends + +coff backends +============= + + BFD supports a number of different flavours of coff format. The +major differences between formats are the sizes and alignments of +fields in structures on disk, and the occasional extra field. + + Coff in all its varieties is implemented with a few common files and +a number of implementation specific files. For example, The 88k bcs +coff format is implemented in the file `coff-m88k.c'. This file +`#include's `coff/m88k.h' which defines the external structure of the +coff format for the 88k, and `coff/internal.h' which defines the +internal structure. `coff-m88k.c' also defines the relocations used by +the 88k format *Note Relocations::. + + The Intel i960 processor version of coff is implemented in +`coff-i960.c'. This file has the same structure as `coff-m88k.c', +except that it includes `coff/i960.h' rather than `coff-m88k.h'. + +Porting to a new version of coff +-------------------------------- + + The recommended method is to select from the existing +implementations the version of coff which is most like the one you want +to use. For example, we'll say that i386 coff is the one you select, +and that your coff flavour is called foo. Copy `i386coff.c' to +`foocoff.c', copy `../include/coff/i386.h' to `../include/coff/foo.h', +and add the lines to `targets.c' and `Makefile.in' so that your new +back end is used. Alter the shapes of the structures in +`../include/coff/foo.h' so that they match what you need. You will +probably also have to add `#ifdef's to the code in `coff/internal.h' and +`coffcode.h' if your version of coff is too wild. + + You can verify that your new BFD backend works quite simply by +building `objdump' from the `binutils' directory, and making sure that +its version of what's going on and your host system's idea (assuming it +has the pretty standard coff dump utility, usually called `att-dump' or +just `dump') are the same. Then clean up your code, and send what +you've done to Cygnus. Then your stuff will be in the next release, and +you won't have to keep integrating it. + +How the coff backend works +-------------------------- + +File layout +........... + + The Coff backend is split into generic routines that are applicable +to any Coff target and routines that are specific to a particular +target. The target-specific routines are further split into ones which +are basically the same for all Coff targets except that they use the +external symbol format or use different values for certain constants. + + The generic routines are in `coffgen.c'. These routines work for +any Coff target. They use some hooks into the target specific code; +the hooks are in a `bfd_coff_backend_data' structure, one of which +exists for each target. + + The essentially similar target-specific routines are in +`coffcode.h'. This header file includes executable C code. The +various Coff targets first include the appropriate Coff header file, +make any special defines that are needed, and then include `coffcode.h'. + + Some of the Coff targets then also have additional routines in the +target source file itself. + + For example, `coff-i960.c' includes `coff/internal.h' and +`coff/i960.h'. It then defines a few constants, such as `I960', and +includes `coffcode.h'. Since the i960 has complex relocation types, +`coff-i960.c' also includes some code to manipulate the i960 relocs. +This code is not in `coffcode.h' because it would not be used by any +other target. + +Bit twiddling +............. + + Each flavour of coff supported in BFD has its own header file +describing the external layout of the structures. There is also an +internal description of the coff layout, in `coff/internal.h'. A major +function of the coff backend is swapping the bytes and twiddling the +bits to translate the external form of the structures into the normal +internal form. This is all performed in the `bfd_swap'_thing_direction +routines. Some elements are different sizes between different versions +of coff; it is the duty of the coff version specific include file to +override the definitions of various packing routines in `coffcode.h'. +E.g., the size of line number entry in coff is sometimes 16 bits, and +sometimes 32 bits. `#define'ing `PUT_LNSZ_LNNO' and `GET_LNSZ_LNNO' +will select the correct one. No doubt, some day someone will find a +version of coff which has a varying field size not catered to at the +moment. To port BFD, that person will have to add more `#defines'. +Three of the bit twiddling routines are exported to `gdb'; +`coff_swap_aux_in', `coff_swap_sym_in' and `coff_swap_lineno_in'. `GDB' +reads the symbol table on its own, but uses BFD to fix things up. More +of the bit twiddlers are exported for `gas'; `coff_swap_aux_out', +`coff_swap_sym_out', `coff_swap_lineno_out', `coff_swap_reloc_out', +`coff_swap_filehdr_out', `coff_swap_aouthdr_out', +`coff_swap_scnhdr_out'. `Gas' currently keeps track of all the symbol +table and reloc drudgery itself, thereby saving the internal BFD +overhead, but uses BFD to swap things on the way out, making cross +ports much safer. Doing so also allows BFD (and thus the linker) to +use the same header files as `gas', which makes one avenue to disaster +disappear. + +Symbol reading +.............. + + The simple canonical form for symbols used by BFD is not rich enough +to keep all the information available in a coff symbol table. The back +end gets around this problem by keeping the original symbol table +around, "behind the scenes". + + When a symbol table is requested (through a call to +`bfd_canonicalize_symtab'), a request gets through to +`coff_get_normalized_symtab'. This reads the symbol table from the coff +file and swaps all the structures inside into the internal form. It +also fixes up all the pointers in the table (represented in the file by +offsets from the first symbol in the table) into physical pointers to +elements in the new internal table. This involves some work since the +meanings of fields change depending upon context: a field that is a +pointer to another structure in the symbol table at one moment may be +the size in bytes of a structure at the next. Another pass is made +over the table. All symbols which mark file names (`C_FILE' symbols) +are modified so that the internal string points to the value in the +auxent (the real filename) rather than the normal text associated with +the symbol (`".file"'). + + At this time the symbol names are moved around. Coff stores all +symbols less than nine characters long physically within the symbol +table; longer strings are kept at the end of the file in the string +table. This pass moves all strings into memory and replaces them with +pointers to the strings. + + The symbol table is massaged once again, this time to create the +canonical table used by the BFD application. Each symbol is inspected +in turn, and a decision made (using the `sclass' field) about the +various flags to set in the `asymbol'. *Note Symbols::. The generated +canonical table shares strings with the hidden internal symbol table. + + Any linenumbers are read from the coff file too, and attached to the +symbols which own the functions the linenumbers belong to. + +Symbol writing +.............. + + Writing a symbol to a coff file which didn't come from a coff file +will lose any debugging information. The `asymbol' structure remembers +the BFD from which the symbol was taken, and on output the back end +makes sure that the same destination target as source target is present. + + When the symbols have come from a coff file then all the debugging +information is preserved. + + Symbol tables are provided for writing to the back end in a vector +of pointers to pointers. This allows applications like the linker to +accumulate and output large symbol tables without having to do too much +byte copying. + + This function runs through the provided symbol table and patches +each symbol marked as a file place holder (`C_FILE') to point to the +next file place holder in the list. It also marks each `offset' field +in the list with the offset from the first symbol of the current symbol. + + Another function of this procedure is to turn the canonical value +form of BFD into the form used by coff. Internally, BFD expects symbol +values to be offsets from a section base; so a symbol physically at +0x120, but in a section starting at 0x100, would have the value 0x20. +Coff expects symbols to contain their final value, so symbols have +their values changed at this point to reflect their sum with their +owning section. This transformation uses the `output_section' field of +the `asymbol''s `asection' *Note Sections::. + + * `coff_mangle_symbols' + This routine runs though the provided symbol table and uses the +offsets generated by the previous pass and the pointers generated when +the symbol table was read in to create the structured hierachy required +by coff. It changes each pointer to a symbol into the index into the +symbol table of the asymbol. + + * `coff_write_symbols' + This routine runs through the symbol table and patches up the +symbols from their internal form into the coff way, calls the bit +twiddlers, and writes out the table to the file. + +`coff_symbol_type' +.................. + + *Description* +The hidden information for an `asymbol' is described in a +`combined_entry_type': + + + typedef struct coff_ptr_struct + { + + /* Remembers the offset from the first symbol in the file for + this symbol. Generated by coff_renumber_symbols. */ + unsigned int offset; + + /* Should the value of this symbol be renumbered. Used for + XCOFF C_BSTAT symbols. Set by coff_slurp_symbol_table. */ + unsigned int fix_value : 1; + + /* Should the tag field of this symbol be renumbered. + Created by coff_pointerize_aux. */ + unsigned int fix_tag : 1; + + /* Should the endidx field of this symbol be renumbered. + Created by coff_pointerize_aux. */ + unsigned int fix_end : 1; + + /* Should the x_csect.x_scnlen field be renumbered. + Created by coff_pointerize_aux. */ + unsigned int fix_scnlen : 1; + + /* Fix up an XCOFF C_BINCL/C_EINCL symbol. The value is the + index into the line number entries. Set by + coff_slurp_symbol_table. */ + unsigned int fix_line : 1; + + /* The container for the symbol structure as read and translated + from the file. */ + + union { + union internal_auxent auxent; + struct internal_syment syment; + } u; + } combined_entry_type; + + + /* Each canonical asymbol really looks like this: */ + + typedef struct coff_symbol_struct + { + /* The actual symbol which the rest of BFD works with */ + asymbol symbol; + + /* A pointer to the hidden information for this symbol */ + combined_entry_type *native; + + /* A pointer to the linenumber information for this symbol */ + struct lineno_cache_entry *lineno; + + /* Have the line numbers been relocated yet ? */ + boolean done_lineno; + } coff_symbol_type; + +`bfd_coff_backend_data' +....................... + + /* COFF symbol classifications. */ + + enum coff_symbol_classification + { + /* Global symbol. */ + COFF_SYMBOL_GLOBAL, + /* Common symbol. */ + COFF_SYMBOL_COMMON, + /* Undefined symbol. */ + COFF_SYMBOL_UNDEFINED, + /* Local symbol. */ + COFF_SYMBOL_LOCAL, + /* PE section symbol. */ + COFF_SYMBOL_PE_SECTION + }; + Special entry points for gdb to swap in coff symbol table parts: + typedef struct + { + void (*_bfd_coff_swap_aux_in) PARAMS (( + bfd *abfd, + PTR ext, + int type, + int class, + int indaux, + int numaux, + PTR in)); + + void (*_bfd_coff_swap_sym_in) PARAMS (( + bfd *abfd , + PTR ext, + PTR in)); + + void (*_bfd_coff_swap_lineno_in) PARAMS (( + bfd *abfd, + PTR ext, + PTR in)); + Special entry points for gas to swap out coff parts: + unsigned int (*_bfd_coff_swap_aux_out) PARAMS (( + bfd *abfd, + PTR in, + int type, + int class, + int indaux, + int numaux, + PTR ext)); + + unsigned int (*_bfd_coff_swap_sym_out) PARAMS (( + bfd *abfd, + PTR in, + PTR ext)); + + unsigned int (*_bfd_coff_swap_lineno_out) PARAMS (( + bfd *abfd, + PTR in, + PTR ext)); + + unsigned int (*_bfd_coff_swap_reloc_out) PARAMS (( + bfd *abfd, + PTR src, + PTR dst)); + + unsigned int (*_bfd_coff_swap_filehdr_out) PARAMS (( + bfd *abfd, + PTR in, + PTR out)); + + unsigned int (*_bfd_coff_swap_aouthdr_out) PARAMS (( + bfd *abfd, + PTR in, + PTR out)); + + unsigned int (*_bfd_coff_swap_scnhdr_out) PARAMS (( + bfd *abfd, + PTR in, + PTR out)); + Special entry points for generic COFF routines to call target +dependent COFF routines: + unsigned int _bfd_filhsz; + unsigned int _bfd_aoutsz; + unsigned int _bfd_scnhsz; + unsigned int _bfd_symesz; + unsigned int _bfd_auxesz; + unsigned int _bfd_relsz; + unsigned int _bfd_linesz; + unsigned int _bfd_filnmlen; + boolean _bfd_coff_long_filenames; + boolean _bfd_coff_long_section_names; + unsigned int _bfd_coff_default_section_alignment_power; + void (*_bfd_coff_swap_filehdr_in) PARAMS (( + bfd *abfd, + PTR ext, + PTR in)); + void (*_bfd_coff_swap_aouthdr_in) PARAMS (( + bfd *abfd, + PTR ext, + PTR in)); + void (*_bfd_coff_swap_scnhdr_in) PARAMS (( + bfd *abfd, + PTR ext, + PTR in)); + void (*_bfd_coff_swap_reloc_in) PARAMS (( + bfd *abfd, + PTR ext, + PTR in)); + boolean (*_bfd_coff_bad_format_hook) PARAMS (( + bfd *abfd, + PTR internal_filehdr)); + boolean (*_bfd_coff_set_arch_mach_hook) PARAMS (( + bfd *abfd, + PTR internal_filehdr)); + PTR (*_bfd_coff_mkobject_hook) PARAMS (( + bfd *abfd, + PTR internal_filehdr, + PTR internal_aouthdr)); + flagword (*_bfd_styp_to_sec_flags_hook) PARAMS (( + bfd *abfd, + PTR internal_scnhdr, + const char *name, + asection *section)); + void (*_bfd_set_alignment_hook) PARAMS (( + bfd *abfd, + asection *sec, + PTR internal_scnhdr)); + boolean (*_bfd_coff_slurp_symbol_table) PARAMS (( + bfd *abfd)); + boolean (*_bfd_coff_symname_in_debug) PARAMS (( + bfd *abfd, + struct internal_syment *sym)); + boolean (*_bfd_coff_pointerize_aux_hook) PARAMS (( + bfd *abfd, + combined_entry_type *table_base, + combined_entry_type *symbol, + unsigned int indaux, + combined_entry_type *aux)); + boolean (*_bfd_coff_print_aux) PARAMS (( + bfd *abfd, + FILE *file, + combined_entry_type *table_base, + combined_entry_type *symbol, + combined_entry_type *aux, + unsigned int indaux)); + void (*_bfd_coff_reloc16_extra_cases) PARAMS (( + bfd *abfd, + struct bfd_link_info *link_info, + struct bfd_link_order *link_order, + arelent *reloc, + bfd_byte *data, + unsigned int *src_ptr, + unsigned int *dst_ptr)); + int (*_bfd_coff_reloc16_estimate) PARAMS (( + bfd *abfd, + asection *input_section, + arelent *r, + unsigned int shrink, + struct bfd_link_info *link_info)); + enum coff_symbol_classification (*_bfd_coff_classify_symbol) PARAMS (( + bfd *abfd, + struct internal_syment *)); + boolean (*_bfd_coff_compute_section_file_positions) PARAMS (( + bfd *abfd)); + boolean (*_bfd_coff_start_final_link) PARAMS (( + bfd *output_bfd, + struct bfd_link_info *info)); + boolean (*_bfd_coff_relocate_section) PARAMS (( + bfd *output_bfd, + struct bfd_link_info *info, + bfd *input_bfd, + asection *input_section, + bfd_byte *contents, + struct internal_reloc *relocs, + struct internal_syment *syms, + asection **sections)); + reloc_howto_type *(*_bfd_coff_rtype_to_howto) PARAMS (( + bfd *abfd, + asection *sec, + struct internal_reloc *rel, + struct coff_link_hash_entry *h, + struct internal_syment *sym, + bfd_vma *addendp)); + boolean (*_bfd_coff_adjust_symndx) PARAMS (( + bfd *obfd, + struct bfd_link_info *info, + bfd *ibfd, + asection *sec, + struct internal_reloc *reloc, + boolean *adjustedp)); + boolean (*_bfd_coff_link_add_one_symbol) PARAMS (( + struct bfd_link_info *info, + bfd *abfd, + const char *name, + flagword flags, + asection *section, + bfd_vma value, + const char *string, + boolean copy, + boolean collect, + struct bfd_link_hash_entry **hashp)); + + boolean (*_bfd_coff_link_output_has_begun) PARAMS (( + bfd * abfd, + struct coff_final_link_info * pfinfo)); + boolean (*_bfd_coff_final_link_postscript) PARAMS (( + bfd * abfd, + struct coff_final_link_info * pfinfo)); + + } bfd_coff_backend_data; + + #define coff_backend_info(abfd) ((bfd_coff_backend_data *) (abfd)->xvec->backend_data) + + #define bfd_coff_swap_aux_in(a,e,t,c,ind,num,i) \ + ((coff_backend_info (a)->_bfd_coff_swap_aux_in) (a,e,t,c,ind,num,i)) + + #define bfd_coff_swap_sym_in(a,e,i) \ + ((coff_backend_info (a)->_bfd_coff_swap_sym_in) (a,e,i)) + + #define bfd_coff_swap_lineno_in(a,e,i) \ + ((coff_backend_info ( a)->_bfd_coff_swap_lineno_in) (a,e,i)) + + #define bfd_coff_swap_reloc_out(abfd, i, o) \ + ((coff_backend_info (abfd)->_bfd_coff_swap_reloc_out) (abfd, i, o)) + + #define bfd_coff_swap_lineno_out(abfd, i, o) \ + ((coff_backend_info (abfd)->_bfd_coff_swap_lineno_out) (abfd, i, o)) + + #define bfd_coff_swap_aux_out(a,i,t,c,ind,num,o) \ + ((coff_backend_info (a)->_bfd_coff_swap_aux_out) (a,i,t,c,ind,num,o)) + + #define bfd_coff_swap_sym_out(abfd, i,o) \ + ((coff_backend_info (abfd)->_bfd_coff_swap_sym_out) (abfd, i, o)) + + #define bfd_coff_swap_scnhdr_out(abfd, i,o) \ + ((coff_backend_info (abfd)->_bfd_coff_swap_scnhdr_out) (abfd, i, o)) + + #define bfd_coff_swap_filehdr_out(abfd, i,o) \ + ((coff_backend_info (abfd)->_bfd_coff_swap_filehdr_out) (abfd, i, o)) + + #define bfd_coff_swap_aouthdr_out(abfd, i,o) \ + ((coff_backend_info (abfd)->_bfd_coff_swap_aouthdr_out) (abfd, i, o)) + + #define bfd_coff_filhsz(abfd) (coff_backend_info (abfd)->_bfd_filhsz) + #define bfd_coff_aoutsz(abfd) (coff_backend_info (abfd)->_bfd_aoutsz) + #define bfd_coff_scnhsz(abfd) (coff_backend_info (abfd)->_bfd_scnhsz) + #define bfd_coff_symesz(abfd) (coff_backend_info (abfd)->_bfd_symesz) + #define bfd_coff_auxesz(abfd) (coff_backend_info (abfd)->_bfd_auxesz) + #define bfd_coff_relsz(abfd) (coff_backend_info (abfd)->_bfd_relsz) + #define bfd_coff_linesz(abfd) (coff_backend_info (abfd)->_bfd_linesz) + #define bfd_coff_filnmlen(abfd) (coff_backend_info (abfd)->_bfd_filnmlen) + #define bfd_coff_long_filenames(abfd) (coff_backend_info (abfd)->_bfd_coff_long_filenames) + #define bfd_coff_long_section_names(abfd) \ + (coff_backend_info (abfd)->_bfd_coff_long_section_names) + #define bfd_coff_default_section_alignment_power(abfd) \ + (coff_backend_info (abfd)->_bfd_coff_default_section_alignment_power) + #define bfd_coff_swap_filehdr_in(abfd, i,o) \ + ((coff_backend_info (abfd)->_bfd_coff_swap_filehdr_in) (abfd, i, o)) + + #define bfd_coff_swap_aouthdr_in(abfd, i,o) \ + ((coff_backend_info (abfd)->_bfd_coff_swap_aouthdr_in) (abfd, i, o)) + + #define bfd_coff_swap_scnhdr_in(abfd, i,o) \ + ((coff_backend_info (abfd)->_bfd_coff_swap_scnhdr_in) (abfd, i, o)) + + #define bfd_coff_swap_reloc_in(abfd, i, o) \ + ((coff_backend_info (abfd)->_bfd_coff_swap_reloc_in) (abfd, i, o)) + + #define bfd_coff_bad_format_hook(abfd, filehdr) \ + ((coff_backend_info (abfd)->_bfd_coff_bad_format_hook) (abfd, filehdr)) + + #define bfd_coff_set_arch_mach_hook(abfd, filehdr)\ + ((coff_backend_info (abfd)->_bfd_coff_set_arch_mach_hook) (abfd, filehdr)) + #define bfd_coff_mkobject_hook(abfd, filehdr, aouthdr)\ + ((coff_backend_info (abfd)->_bfd_coff_mkobject_hook) (abfd, filehdr, aouthdr)) + + #define bfd_coff_styp_to_sec_flags_hook(abfd, scnhdr, name, section)\ + ((coff_backend_info (abfd)->_bfd_styp_to_sec_flags_hook)\ + (abfd, scnhdr, name, section)) + + #define bfd_coff_set_alignment_hook(abfd, sec, scnhdr)\ + ((coff_backend_info (abfd)->_bfd_set_alignment_hook) (abfd, sec, scnhdr)) + + #define bfd_coff_slurp_symbol_table(abfd)\ + ((coff_backend_info (abfd)->_bfd_coff_slurp_symbol_table) (abfd)) + + #define bfd_coff_symname_in_debug(abfd, sym)\ + ((coff_backend_info (abfd)->_bfd_coff_symname_in_debug) (abfd, sym)) + + #define bfd_coff_print_aux(abfd, file, base, symbol, aux, indaux)\ + ((coff_backend_info (abfd)->_bfd_coff_print_aux)\ + (abfd, file, base, symbol, aux, indaux)) + + #define bfd_coff_reloc16_extra_cases(abfd, link_info, link_order, reloc, data, src_ptr, dst_ptr)\ + ((coff_backend_info (abfd)->_bfd_coff_reloc16_extra_cases)\ + (abfd, link_info, link_order, reloc, data, src_ptr, dst_ptr)) + + #define bfd_coff_reloc16_estimate(abfd, section, reloc, shrink, link_info)\ + ((coff_backend_info (abfd)->_bfd_coff_reloc16_estimate)\ + (abfd, section, reloc, shrink, link_info)) + + #define bfd_coff_classify_symbol(abfd, sym)\ + ((coff_backend_info (abfd)->_bfd_coff_classify_symbol)\ + (abfd, sym)) + + #define bfd_coff_compute_section_file_positions(abfd)\ + ((coff_backend_info (abfd)->_bfd_coff_compute_section_file_positions)\ + (abfd)) + + #define bfd_coff_start_final_link(obfd, info)\ + ((coff_backend_info (obfd)->_bfd_coff_start_final_link)\ + (obfd, info)) + #define bfd_coff_relocate_section(obfd,info,ibfd,o,con,rel,isyms,secs)\ + ((coff_backend_info (ibfd)->_bfd_coff_relocate_section)\ + (obfd, info, ibfd, o, con, rel, isyms, secs)) + #define bfd_coff_rtype_to_howto(abfd, sec, rel, h, sym, addendp)\ + ((coff_backend_info (abfd)->_bfd_coff_rtype_to_howto)\ + (abfd, sec, rel, h, sym, addendp)) + #define bfd_coff_adjust_symndx(obfd, info, ibfd, sec, rel, adjustedp)\ + ((coff_backend_info (abfd)->_bfd_coff_adjust_symndx)\ + (obfd, info, ibfd, sec, rel, adjustedp)) + #define bfd_coff_link_add_one_symbol(info,abfd,name,flags,section,value,string,cp,coll,hashp)\ + ((coff_backend_info (abfd)->_bfd_coff_link_add_one_symbol)\ + (info, abfd, name, flags, section, value, string, cp, coll, hashp)) + + #define bfd_coff_link_output_has_begun(a,p) \ + ((coff_backend_info (a)->_bfd_coff_link_output_has_begun) (a,p)) + #define bfd_coff_final_link_postscript(a,p) \ + ((coff_backend_info (a)->_bfd_coff_final_link_postscript) (a,p)) + +Writing relocations +................... + + To write relocations, the back end steps though the canonical +relocation table and create an `internal_reloc'. The symbol index to +use is removed from the `offset' field in the symbol table supplied. +The address comes directly from the sum of the section base address and +the relocation offset; the type is dug directly from the howto field. +Then the `internal_reloc' is swapped into the shape of an +`external_reloc' and written out to disk. + +Reading linenumbers +................... + + Creating the linenumber table is done by reading in the entire coff +linenumber table, and creating another table for internal use. + + A coff linenumber table is structured so that each function is +marked as having a line number of 0. Each line within the function is +an offset from the first line in the function. The base of the line +number information for the table is stored in the symbol associated +with the function. + + Note: The PE format uses line number 0 for a flag indicating a new +source file. + + The information is copied from the external to the internal table, +and each symbol which marks a function is marked by pointing its... + + How does this work ? + +Reading relocations +................... + + Coff relocations are easily transformed into the internal BFD form +(`arelent'). + + Reading a coff relocation table is done in the following stages: + + * Read the entire coff relocation table into memory. + + * Process each relocation in turn; first swap it from the external + to the internal form. + + * Turn the symbol referenced in the relocation's symbol index into a + pointer into the canonical symbol table. This table is the same + as the one returned by a call to `bfd_canonicalize_symtab'. The + back end will call that routine and save the result if a + canonicalization hasn't been done. + + * The reloc index is turned into a pointer to a howto structure, in + a back end specific way. For instance, the 386 and 960 use the + `r_type' to directly produce an index into a howto table vector; + the 88k subtracts a number from the `r_type' field and creates an + addend field. + + +File: bfd.info, Node: elf, Prev: coff, Up: BFD back ends + +ELF backends +============ + + BFD support for ELF formats is being worked on. Currently, the best +supported back ends are for sparc and i386 (running svr4 or Solaris 2). + + Documentation of the internals of the support code still needs to be +written. The code is changing quickly enough that we haven't bothered +yet. + +`bfd_elf_find_section' +...................... + + *Synopsis* + struct elf_internal_shdr *bfd_elf_find_section (bfd *abfd, char *name); + *Description* +Helper functions for GDB to locate the string tables. Since BFD hides +string tables from callers, GDB needs to use an internal hook to find +them. Sun's .stabstr, in particular, isn't even pointed to by the +.stab section, so ordinary mechanisms wouldn't work to find it, even if +we had some. + diff --git a/gnu/usr.bin/binutils/bfd/doc/bfd.info-7 b/gnu/usr.bin/binutils/bfd/doc/bfd.info-7 new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..18e8a5d8c89 --- /dev/null +++ b/gnu/usr.bin/binutils/bfd/doc/bfd.info-7 @@ -0,0 +1,491 @@ +This is bfd.info, produced by makeinfo version 4.0 from bfd.texinfo. + +START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY +* Bfd: (bfd). The Binary File Descriptor library. +END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY + + This file documents the BFD library. + + Copyright (C) 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. + + Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this +manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are +preserved on all copies. + + Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of +this manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, subject to the +terms of the GNU General Public License, which includes the provision +that the entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms +of a permission notice identical to this one. + + Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this +manual into another language, under the above conditions for modified +versions. + + +File: bfd.info, Node: Index, Prev: BFD back ends, Up: Top + +Index +***** + +* Menu: + +* _bfd_final_link_relocate: Relocating the section contents. +* _bfd_generic_link_add_archive_symbols: Adding symbols from an archive. +* _bfd_generic_link_add_one_symbol: Adding symbols from an object file. +* _bfd_link_add_symbols in target vector: Adding Symbols to the Hash Table. +* _bfd_link_final_link in target vector: Performing the Final Link. +* _bfd_link_hash_table_create in target vector: Creating a Linker Hash Table. +* _bfd_relocate_contents: Relocating the section contents. +* _bfd_strip_section_from_output: section prototypes. +* aout_SIZE_machine_type: aout. +* aout_SIZE_mkobject: aout. +* aout_SIZE_new_section_hook: aout. +* aout_SIZE_set_arch_mach: aout. +* aout_SIZE_some_aout_object_p: aout. +* aout_SIZE_swap_exec_header_in: aout. +* aout_SIZE_swap_exec_header_out: aout. +* arelent_chain: typedef arelent. +* BFD: Overview. +* BFD canonical format: Canonical format. +* bfd_alloc: Opening and Closing. +* bfd_arch_bits_per_address: Architectures. +* bfd_arch_bits_per_byte: Architectures. +* bfd_arch_get_compatible: Architectures. +* bfd_arch_list: Architectures. +* bfd_arch_mach_octets_per_byte: Architectures. +* bfd_cache_close: File Caching. +* bfd_cache_init: File Caching. +* bfd_cache_lookup: File Caching. +* bfd_cache_lookup_worker: File Caching. +* BFD_CACHE_MAX_OPEN macro: File Caching. +* bfd_canonicalize_reloc: BFD front end. +* bfd_canonicalize_symtab: symbol handling functions. +* bfd_check_format: Formats. +* bfd_check_format_matches: Formats. +* bfd_check_overflow: typedef arelent. +* bfd_close: Opening and Closing. +* bfd_close_all_done: Opening and Closing. +* bfd_coff_backend_data: coff. +* bfd_copy_private_bfd_data: BFD front end. +* bfd_copy_private_section_data: section prototypes. +* bfd_copy_private_symbol_data: symbol handling functions. +* bfd_core_file_failing_command: Core Files. +* bfd_core_file_failing_signal: Core Files. +* bfd_create: Opening and Closing. +* bfd_decode_symclass: symbol handling functions. +* bfd_default_arch_struct: Architectures. +* bfd_default_compatible: Architectures. +* bfd_default_reloc_type_lookup: howto manager. +* bfd_default_scan: Architectures. +* bfd_default_set_arch_mach: Architectures. +* bfd_elf_find_section: elf. +* bfd_errmsg: BFD front end. +* bfd_fdopenr: Opening and Closing. +* bfd_find_target: bfd_target. +* bfd_format_string: Formats. +* bfd_generic_gc_sections: howto manager. +* bfd_generic_get_relocated_section_contents: howto manager. +* bfd_generic_relax_section: howto manager. +* bfd_get_arch: Architectures. +* bfd_get_arch_info: Architectures. +* bfd_get_error: BFD front end. +* bfd_get_error_handler: BFD front end. +* bfd_get_gp_size: BFD front end. +* bfd_get_mach: Architectures. +* bfd_get_mtime: BFD front end. +* bfd_get_next_mapent: Archives. +* bfd_get_reloc_code_name: howto manager. +* bfd_get_reloc_size: typedef arelent. +* bfd_get_reloc_upper_bound: BFD front end. +* bfd_get_section_by_name: section prototypes. +* bfd_get_section_contents: section prototypes. +* bfd_get_size <1>: Internal. +* bfd_get_size: BFD front end. +* bfd_get_symtab_upper_bound: symbol handling functions. +* bfd_h_put_size: Internal. +* bfd_hash_allocate: Creating and Freeing a Hash Table. +* bfd_hash_lookup: Looking Up or Entering a String. +* bfd_hash_newfunc: Creating and Freeing a Hash Table. +* bfd_hash_table_free: Creating and Freeing a Hash Table. +* bfd_hash_table_init: Creating and Freeing a Hash Table. +* bfd_hash_table_init_n: Creating and Freeing a Hash Table. +* bfd_hash_traverse: Traversing a Hash Table. +* bfd_init: Initialization. +* bfd_install_relocation: typedef arelent. +* bfd_is_local_label: symbol handling functions. +* bfd_is_local_label_name: symbol handling functions. +* bfd_is_undefined_symclass: symbol handling functions. +* bfd_last_cache: File Caching. +* bfd_link_split_section: Writing the symbol table. +* bfd_log2: Internal. +* bfd_lookup_arch: Architectures. +* bfd_make_debug_symbol: symbol handling functions. +* bfd_make_empty_symbol: symbol handling functions. +* bfd_make_readable: Opening and Closing. +* bfd_make_section: section prototypes. +* bfd_make_section_anyway: section prototypes. +* bfd_make_section_old_way: section prototypes. +* bfd_make_writable: Opening and Closing. +* bfd_map_over_sections: section prototypes. +* bfd_merge_private_bfd_data: BFD front end. +* bfd_octets_per_byte: Architectures. +* bfd_open_file: File Caching. +* bfd_openr: Opening and Closing. +* bfd_openr_next_archived_file: Archives. +* bfd_openstreamr: Opening and Closing. +* bfd_openw: Opening and Closing. +* bfd_perform_relocation: typedef arelent. +* bfd_perror: BFD front end. +* bfd_print_symbol_vandf: symbol handling functions. +* bfd_printable_arch_mach: Architectures. +* bfd_printable_name: Architectures. +* bfd_put_size: Internal. +* BFD_RELOC_12_PCREL: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_14: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_16: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_16_BASEREL: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_16_GOT_PCREL: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_16_GOTOFF: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_16_PCREL: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_16_PCREL_S2: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_16_PLT_PCREL: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_16_PLTOFF: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_23_PCREL_S2: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_24: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_24_PCREL: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_24_PLT_PCREL: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_26: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_32: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_32_BASEREL: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_32_GOT_PCREL: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_32_GOTOFF: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_32_PCREL: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_32_PCREL_S2: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_32_PLT_PCREL: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_32_PLTOFF: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_386_COPY: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_386_GLOB_DAT: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_386_GOT32: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_386_GOTOFF: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_386_GOTPC: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_386_JUMP_SLOT: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_386_PLT32: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_386_RELATIVE: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_64: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_64_PCREL: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_68K_GLOB_DAT: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_68K_JMP_SLOT: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_68K_RELATIVE: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_8: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_8_BASEREL: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_8_FFnn: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_8_GOT_PCREL: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_8_GOTOFF: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_8_PCREL: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_8_PLT_PCREL: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_8_PLTOFF: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_ALPHA_CODEADDR: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_ALPHA_ELF_LITERAL: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_ALPHA_GPDISP: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_ALPHA_GPDISP_HI16: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_ALPHA_GPDISP_LO16: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_ALPHA_HINT: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_ALPHA_LINKAGE: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_ALPHA_LITERAL: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_ALPHA_LITUSE: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_ALPHA_USER_GPDISP: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_ALPHA_USER_GPRELHIGH: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_ALPHA_USER_GPRELLOW: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_ALPHA_USER_LITERAL: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_ALPHA_USER_LITUSE_BASE: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_ALPHA_USER_LITUSE_BYTOFF: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_ALPHA_USER_LITUSE_JSR: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_ARC_B22_PCREL: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_ARC_B26: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_ARM_ADR_IMM: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_ARM_ADRL_IMMEDIATE: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_ARM_COPY: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_ARM_CP_OFF_IMM: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_ARM_GLOB_DAT: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_ARM_GOT12: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_ARM_GOT32: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_ARM_GOTOFF: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_ARM_GOTPC: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_ARM_HWLITERAL: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_ARM_IMMEDIATE: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_ARM_IN_POOL: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_ARM_JUMP_SLOT: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_ARM_LDR_IMM: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_ARM_LITERAL: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_ARM_MULTI: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_ARM_OFFSET_IMM: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_ARM_OFFSET_IMM8: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_ARM_PCREL_BRANCH: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_ARM_PLT32: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_ARM_RELATIVE: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_ARM_SHIFT_IMM: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_ARM_SWI: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_ARM_THUMB_ADD: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_ARM_THUMB_IMM: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_ARM_THUMB_OFFSET: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_ARM_THUMB_SHIFT: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_AVR_13_PCREL: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_AVR_16_PM: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_AVR_7_PCREL: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_AVR_CALL: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_AVR_HH8_LDI: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_AVR_HH8_LDI_NEG: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_AVR_HH8_LDI_PM: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_AVR_HH8_LDI_PM_NEG: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_AVR_HI8_LDI: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_AVR_HI8_LDI_NEG: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_AVR_HI8_LDI_PM: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_AVR_HI8_LDI_PM_NEG: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_AVR_LO8_LDI: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_AVR_LO8_LDI_NEG: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_AVR_LO8_LDI_PM: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_AVR_LO8_LDI_PM_NEG: howto manager. +* bfd_reloc_code_type: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_CTOR: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_D10V_10_PCREL_L: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_D10V_10_PCREL_R: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_D10V_18: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_D10V_18_PCREL: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_D30V_15: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_D30V_15_PCREL: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_D30V_15_PCREL_R: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_D30V_21: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_D30V_21_PCREL: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_D30V_21_PCREL_R: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_D30V_32: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_D30V_32_PCREL: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_D30V_6: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_D30V_9_PCREL: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_D30V_9_PCREL_R: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_FR30_10_IN_8: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_FR30_12_PCREL: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_FR30_20: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_FR30_48: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_FR30_6_IN_4: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_FR30_8_IN_8: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_FR30_9_IN_8: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_FR30_9_PCREL: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_GPREL16: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_GPREL32: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_HI16: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_HI16_BASEREL: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_HI16_GOTOFF: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_HI16_PLTOFF: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_HI16_S: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_HI16_S_BASEREL: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_HI16_S_GOTOFF: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_HI16_S_PLTOFF: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_HI22: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_I370_D12: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_I960_CALLJ: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_LO10: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_LO16: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_LO16_BASEREL: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_LO16_GOTOFF: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_LO16_PLTOFF: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_M32R_10_PCREL: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_M32R_18_PCREL: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_M32R_24: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_M32R_26_PCREL: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_M32R_HI16_SLO: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_M32R_HI16_ULO: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_M32R_LO16: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_M32R_SDA16: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_MCORE_PCREL_32: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_MCORE_PCREL_IMM11BY2: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_MCORE_PCREL_IMM4BY2: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_MCORE_PCREL_IMM8BY4: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_MCORE_PCREL_JSR_IMM11BY2: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_MCORE_RVA: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_MIPS16_GPREL: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_MIPS16_JMP: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_MIPS_CALL16: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_MIPS_CALL_HI16: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_MIPS_CALL_LO16: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_MIPS_GOT16: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_MIPS_GOT_DISP: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_MIPS_GOT_HI16: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_MIPS_GOT_LO16: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_MIPS_GOT_OFST: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_MIPS_GOT_PAGE: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_MIPS_GPREL: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_MIPS_GPREL32: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_MIPS_JMP: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_MIPS_LITERAL: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_MIPS_SUB: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_MN10300_16_PCREL: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_MN10300_32_PCREL: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_NONE: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_NS32K_DISP_16: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_NS32K_DISP_16_PCREL: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_NS32K_DISP_32: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_NS32K_DISP_32_PCREL: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_NS32K_DISP_8: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_NS32K_DISP_8_PCREL: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_NS32K_IMM_16: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_NS32K_IMM_16_PCREL: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_NS32K_IMM_32: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_NS32K_IMM_32_PCREL: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_NS32K_IMM_8: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_NS32K_IMM_8_PCREL: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_PCREL_HI16_S: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_PCREL_LO16: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_PJ_CODE_DIR16: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_PJ_CODE_DIR32: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_PJ_CODE_HI16: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_PJ_CODE_LO16: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_PJ_CODE_REL16: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_PJ_CODE_REL32: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_PPC_B16: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_PPC_B16_BRNTAKEN: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_PPC_B16_BRTAKEN: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_PPC_B26: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_PPC_BA16: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_PPC_BA16_BRNTAKEN: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_PPC_BA16_BRTAKEN: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_PPC_BA26: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_PPC_COPY: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_PPC_EMB_BIT_FLD: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_PPC_EMB_MRKREF: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_PPC_EMB_NADDR16: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_PPC_EMB_NADDR16_HA: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_PPC_EMB_NADDR16_HI: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_PPC_EMB_NADDR16_LO: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_PPC_EMB_NADDR32: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_PPC_EMB_RELSDA: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_PPC_EMB_RELSEC16: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_PPC_EMB_RELST_HA: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_PPC_EMB_RELST_HI: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_PPC_EMB_RELST_LO: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_PPC_EMB_SDA21: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_PPC_EMB_SDA2I16: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_PPC_EMB_SDA2REL: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_PPC_EMB_SDAI16: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_PPC_GLOB_DAT: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_PPC_JMP_SLOT: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_PPC_LOCAL24PC: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_PPC_RELATIVE: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_PPC_TOC16: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_RVA: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_SH_ALIGN: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_SH_CODE: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_SH_COUNT: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_SH_DATA: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_SH_IMM4: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_SH_IMM4BY2: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_SH_IMM4BY4: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_SH_IMM8: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_SH_IMM8BY2: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_SH_IMM8BY4: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_SH_LABEL: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_SH_PCDISP12BY2: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_SH_PCDISP8BY2: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_SH_PCRELIMM8BY2: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_SH_PCRELIMM8BY4: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_SH_SWITCH16: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_SH_SWITCH32: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_SH_USES: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_SPARC13: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_SPARC22: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_SPARC_10: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_SPARC_11: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_SPARC_5: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_SPARC_6: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_SPARC_64: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_SPARC_7: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_SPARC_BASE13: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_SPARC_BASE22: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_SPARC_COPY: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_SPARC_DISP64: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_SPARC_GLOB_DAT: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_SPARC_GOT10: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_SPARC_GOT13: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_SPARC_GOT22: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_SPARC_H44: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_SPARC_HH22: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_SPARC_HIX22: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_SPARC_HM10: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_SPARC_JMP_SLOT: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_SPARC_L44: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_SPARC_LM22: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_SPARC_LOX10: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_SPARC_M44: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_SPARC_OLO10: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_SPARC_PC10: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_SPARC_PC22: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_SPARC_PC_HH22: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_SPARC_PC_HM10: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_SPARC_PC_LM22: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_SPARC_PLT64: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_SPARC_REGISTER: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_SPARC_RELATIVE: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_SPARC_REV32: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_SPARC_UA32: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_SPARC_WDISP16: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_SPARC_WDISP19: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_SPARC_WDISP22: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_SPARC_WPLT30: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_THUMB_PCREL_BRANCH12: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_THUMB_PCREL_BRANCH23: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_THUMB_PCREL_BRANCH9: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_TIC30_LDP: howto manager. +* bfd_reloc_type_lookup: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_V850_22_PCREL: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_V850_9_PCREL: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_V850_CALLT_16_16_OFFSET: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_V850_CALLT_6_7_OFFSET: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_V850_SDA_15_16_OFFSET: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_V850_SDA_16_16_OFFSET: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_V850_SDA_16_16_SPLIT_OFFSET: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_V850_TDA_16_16_OFFSET: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_V850_TDA_4_4_OFFSET: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_V850_TDA_4_5_OFFSET: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_V850_TDA_6_8_OFFSET: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_V850_TDA_7_7_OFFSET: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_V850_TDA_7_8_OFFSET: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_V850_ZDA_15_16_OFFSET: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_V850_ZDA_16_16_OFFSET: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_V850_ZDA_16_16_SPLIT_OFFSET: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_VTABLE_ENTRY: howto manager. +* BFD_RELOC_VTABLE_INHERIT: howto manager. +* bfd_scan_arch: Architectures. +* bfd_scan_vma: BFD front end. +* bfd_seach_for_target: bfd_target. +* bfd_set_arch_info: Architectures. +* bfd_set_archive_head: Archives. +* bfd_set_default_target: bfd_target. +* bfd_set_error: BFD front end. +* bfd_set_error_handler: BFD front end. +* bfd_set_error_program_name: BFD front end. +* bfd_set_file_flags: BFD front end. +* bfd_set_format: Formats. +* bfd_set_gp_size: BFD front end. +* bfd_set_private_flags: BFD front end. +* bfd_set_reloc: BFD front end. +* bfd_set_section_contents: section prototypes. +* bfd_set_section_flags: section prototypes. +* bfd_set_section_size: section prototypes. +* bfd_set_start_address: BFD front end. +* bfd_set_symtab: symbol handling functions. +* bfd_symbol_info: symbol handling functions. +* bfd_target_list: bfd_target. +* bfd_write_bigendian_4byte_int: Internal. +* coff_symbol_type: coff. +* core_file_matches_executable_p: Core Files. +* Hash tables: Hash Tables. +* internal object-file format: Canonical format. +* Linker: Linker Functions. +* stuff: BFD front end. +* target vector (_bfd_final_link): Performing the Final Link. +* target vector (_bfd_link_add_symbols): Adding Symbols to the Hash Table. +* target vector (_bfd_link_hash_table_create): Creating a Linker Hash Table. +* The HOWTO Macro: typedef arelent. +* what is it?: Overview. + + diff --git a/gnu/usr.bin/binutils/bfd/elf-hppa.h b/gnu/usr.bin/binutils/bfd/elf-hppa.h index b55e1c4e5bc..000ffea3c75 100644 --- a/gnu/usr.bin/binutils/bfd/elf-hppa.h +++ b/gnu/usr.bin/binutils/bfd/elf-hppa.h @@ -1079,7 +1079,8 @@ elf_hppa_relocate_section (output_bfd, info, input_bfd, input_section, relocation = 0; } /* Allow undefined symbols in shared libraries. */ - else if (info->shared && !info->no_undefined) + else if (info->shared && !info->no_undefined + && ELF_ST_VISIBILITY (h->other) == STV_DEFAULT) { if (info->symbolic) (*info->callbacks->undefined_symbol) diff --git a/gnu/usr.bin/binutils/bfd/elf32-mcore.c b/gnu/usr.bin/binutils/bfd/elf32-mcore.c index 5963a9eff6e..edc6f678c22 100644 --- a/gnu/usr.bin/binutils/bfd/elf32-mcore.c +++ b/gnu/usr.bin/binutils/bfd/elf32-mcore.c @@ -532,7 +532,8 @@ mcore_elf_relocate_section (output_bfd, info, input_bfd, input_section, } else if (h->root.type == bfd_link_hash_undefweak) relocation = 0; - else if (info->shared) + else if (info->shared + && ELF_ST_VISIBILITY (h->other) == STV_DEFAULT) relocation = 0; else { diff --git a/gnu/usr.bin/binutils/binutils/binutils.info-3 b/gnu/usr.bin/binutils/binutils/binutils.info-3 new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..4de1e8e001a --- /dev/null +++ b/gnu/usr.bin/binutils/binutils/binutils.info-3 @@ -0,0 +1,182 @@ +This is binutils.info, produced by makeinfo version 4.0 from +binutils.texi. + +START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY +* Binutils: (binutils). The GNU binary utilities. +* ar: (binutils)ar. Create, modify, and extract from archives +* nm: (binutils)nm. List symbols from object files +* objcopy: (binutils)objcopy. Copy and translate object files +* objdump: (binutils)objdump. Display information from object files +* ranlib: (binutils)ranlib. Generate index to archive contents +* readelf: (binutils)readelf. Display the contents of ELF format files. +* size: (binutils)size. List section sizes and total size +* strings: (binutils)strings. List printable strings from files +* strip: (binutils)strip. Discard symbols +* c++filt: (binutils)c++filt. Filter to demangle encoded C++ symbols +* cxxfilt: (binutils)c++filt. MS-DOS name for c++filt +* addr2line: (binutils)addr2line. Convert addresses to file and line +* nlmconv: (binutils)nlmconv. Converts object code into an NLM +* windres: (binutils)windres. Manipulate Windows resources +* dlltool: (binutils)dlltool. Create files needed to build and use DLLs +END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY + + Copyright (C) 1991, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 2000 Free +Software Foundation, Inc. + + Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this +manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are +preserved on all copies. + + Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of +this manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided also +that the entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms +of a permission notice identical to this one. + + Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this +manual into another language, under the above conditions for modified +versions. + + +File: binutils.info, Node: Index, Prev: Reporting Bugs, Up: Top + +Index +***** + +* Menu: + +* .stab: objdump. +* addr2line: addr2line. +* address to file name and line number: addr2line. +* all header information, object file: objdump. +* ar: ar. +* ar compatibility: ar. +* architecture: objdump. +* architectures available: objdump. +* archive contents: ranlib. +* archive headers: objdump. +* archives: ar. +* base files: dlltool. +* bug criteria: Bug Criteria. +* bug reports: Bug Reporting. +* bugs: Reporting Bugs. +* bugs, reporting: Bug Reporting. +* c++filt: c++filt. +* changing object addresses: objcopy. +* changing section address: objcopy. +* changing section LMA: objcopy. +* changing section VMA: objcopy. +* changing start address: objcopy. +* collections of files: ar. +* compatibility, ar: ar. +* contents of archive: ar cmdline. +* crash: Bug Criteria. +* creating archives: ar cmdline. +* cxxfilt: c++filt. +* dates in archive: ar cmdline. +* debug symbols: objdump. +* debugging symbols: nm. +* deleting from archive: ar cmdline. +* demangling C++ symbols: c++filt. +* demangling in nm: nm. +* demangling in objdump <1>: addr2line. +* demangling in objdump: objdump. +* disassembling object code: objdump. +* disassembly architecture: objdump. +* disassembly endianness: objdump. +* disassembly, with source: objdump. +* discarding symbols: strip. +* DLL: dlltool. +* dlltool: dlltool. +* dynamic relocation entries, in object file: objdump. +* dynamic symbol table entries, printing: objdump. +* dynamic symbols: nm. +* ELF core notes: readelf. +* ELF dynamic section information: readelf. +* ELF file header information: readelf. +* ELF file information: readelf. +* ELF object file format: objdump. +* ELF program header information: readelf. +* ELF reloc information: readelf. +* ELF section information: readelf. +* ELF segment information: readelf. +* ELF symbol table information: readelf. +* ELF version sections informations: readelf. +* endianness: objdump. +* error on valid input: Bug Criteria. +* external symbols: nm. +* extract from archive: ar cmdline. +* fatal signal: Bug Criteria. +* file name: nm. +* header information, all: objdump. +* input .def file: dlltool. +* input file name: nm. +* libraries: ar. +* listings strings: strings. +* machine instructions: objdump. +* moving in archive: ar cmdline. +* MRI compatibility, ar: ar scripts. +* name duplication in archive: ar cmdline. +* name length: ar. +* nm: nm. +* nm compatibility: nm. +* nm format: nm. +* not writing archive index: ar cmdline. +* objdump: objdump. +* object code format <1>: addr2line. +* object code format <2>: strings. +* object code format <3>: size. +* object code format <4>: objdump. +* object code format: nm. +* object file header: objdump. +* object file information: objdump. +* object file sections: objdump. +* object formats available: objdump. +* operations on archive: ar cmdline. +* printing from archive: ar cmdline. +* printing strings: strings. +* quick append to archive: ar cmdline. +* radix for section sizes: size. +* ranlib: ranlib. +* readelf: readelf. +* relative placement in archive: ar cmdline. +* relocation entries, in object file: objdump. +* removing symbols: strip. +* repeated names in archive: ar cmdline. +* replacement in archive: ar cmdline. +* reporting bugs: Reporting Bugs. +* scripts, ar: ar scripts. +* section addresses in objdump: objdump. +* section headers: objdump. +* section information: objdump. +* section sizes: size. +* sections, full contents: objdump. +* size: size. +* size display format: size. +* size number format: size. +* sorting symbols: nm. +* source code context: objdump. +* source disassembly: objdump. +* source file name: nm. +* source filenames for object files: objdump. +* stab: objdump. +* start-address: objdump. +* stop-address: objdump. +* strings: strings. +* strings, printing: strings. +* strip: strip. +* symbol index <1>: ranlib. +* symbol index: ar. +* symbol index, listing: nm. +* symbol line numbers: nm. +* symbol table entries, printing: objdump. +* symbols: nm. +* symbols, discarding: strip. +* undefined symbols: nm. +* Unix compatibility, ar: ar cmdline. +* updating an archive: ar cmdline. +* version: Top. +* VMA in objdump: objdump. +* wide output, printing: objdump. +* writing archive index: ar cmdline. + + diff --git a/gnu/usr.bin/binutils/etc/configbuild.ein b/gnu/usr.bin/binutils/etc/configbuild.ein new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..7a0e214f2d5 --- /dev/null +++ b/gnu/usr.bin/binutils/etc/configbuild.ein @@ -0,0 +1,149 @@ +%!PS-Adobe-2.0 EPSF-2.0 +%%Title: configbuild.fig +%%Creator: fig2dev Version 3.1 Patchlevel 1 +%%CreationDate: Fri Jun 12 20:13:16 1998 +%%For: ian@tito.cygnus.com (Ian Lance Taylor) +%%Orientation: Portrait +%%BoundingBox: 0 0 322 173 +%%Pages: 0 +%%BeginSetup +%%IncludeFeature: *PageSize Letter +%%EndSetup +%%EndComments +/$F2psDict 200 dict def +$F2psDict begin +$F2psDict /mtrx matrix put +/col-1 {} def +/col0 {0.000 0.000 0.000 srgb} bind def +/col1 {0.000 0.000 1.000 srgb} bind def +/col2 {0.000 1.000 0.000 srgb} bind def +/col3 {0.000 1.000 1.000 srgb} bind def +/col4 {1.000 0.000 0.000 srgb} bind def +/col5 {1.000 0.000 1.000 srgb} bind def +/col6 {1.000 1.000 0.000 srgb} bind def +/col7 {1.000 1.000 1.000 srgb} bind def +/col8 {0.000 0.000 0.560 srgb} bind def +/col9 {0.000 0.000 0.690 srgb} bind def +/col10 {0.000 0.000 0.820 srgb} bind def +/col11 {0.530 0.810 1.000 srgb} bind def +/col12 {0.000 0.560 0.000 srgb} bind def +/col13 {0.000 0.690 0.000 srgb} bind def +/col14 {0.000 0.820 0.000 srgb} bind def +/col15 {0.000 0.560 0.560 srgb} bind def +/col16 {0.000 0.690 0.690 srgb} bind def +/col17 {0.000 0.820 0.820 srgb} bind def +/col18 {0.560 0.000 0.000 srgb} bind def +/col19 {0.690 0.000 0.000 srgb} bind def +/col20 {0.820 0.000 0.000 srgb} bind def +/col21 {0.560 0.000 0.560 srgb} bind def +/col22 {0.690 0.000 0.690 srgb} bind def +/col23 {0.820 0.000 0.820 srgb} bind def +/col24 {0.500 0.190 0.000 srgb} bind def +/col25 {0.630 0.250 0.000 srgb} bind def +/col26 {0.750 0.380 0.000 srgb} bind def +/col27 {1.000 0.500 0.500 srgb} bind def +/col28 {1.000 0.630 0.630 srgb} bind def +/col29 {1.000 0.750 0.750 srgb} bind def +/col30 {1.000 0.880 0.880 srgb} bind def +/col31 {1.000 0.840 0.000 srgb} bind def + +end +save +-62.0 226.0 translate +1 -1 scale + +/clp {closepath} bind def +/ef {eofill} bind def +/gr {grestore} bind def +/gs {gsave} bind def +/l {lineto} bind def +/m {moveto} bind def +/n {newpath} bind def +/s {stroke} bind def +/slc {setlinecap} bind def +/slj {setlinejoin} bind def +/slw {setlinewidth} bind def +/srgb {setrgbcolor} bind def +/rot {rotate} bind def +/sc {scale} bind def +/tr {translate} bind def +/tnt {dup dup currentrgbcolor + 4 -2 roll dup 1 exch sub 3 -1 roll mul add + 4 -2 roll dup 1 exch sub 3 -1 roll mul add + 4 -2 roll dup 1 exch sub 3 -1 roll mul add srgb} + bind def +/shd {dup dup currentrgbcolor 4 -2 roll mul 4 -2 roll mul + 4 -2 roll mul srgb} bind def +/$F2psBegin {$F2psDict begin /$F2psEnteredState save def} def +/$F2psEnd {$F2psEnteredState restore end} def +%%EndProlog + +$F2psBegin +10 setmiterlimit + 0.06000 0.06000 sc +7.500 slw +% Polyline +n 1050 900 m 2100 900 l 2100 1425 l 1050 1425 l clp gs col-1 s gr +% Polyline +n 1500 1425 m 1500 2100 l gs col-1 s gr +n 1530.00 1980.00 m 1500.00 2100.00 l 1470.00 1980.00 l 1500.50 1980.50 l 1530.00 1980.00 l clp gs 0.00 setgray ef gr gs col-1 s gr +% Polyline +n 1500 2625 m 1500 3300 l gs col-1 s gr +n 1530.00 3180.00 m 1500.00 3300.00 l 1470.00 3180.00 l 1500.50 3180.50 l 1530.00 3180.00 l clp gs 0.00 setgray ef gr gs col-1 s gr +% Polyline +n 2925 900 m 3825 900 l 3825 1425 l 2925 1425 l clp gs col-1 s gr +% Polyline +n 1155 2100 m 1050 2100 1050 2520 105 arcto 4 {pop} repeat 1050 2625 2220 2625 105 arcto 4 {pop} repeat 2325 2625 2325 2205 105 arcto 4 {pop} repeat 2325 2100 1155 2100 105 arcto 4 {pop} repeat clp gs col-1 s gr +% Polyline +n 2850 2100 m 4125 2100 l 4125 2625 l 2850 2625 l clp gs col-1 s gr +% Polyline +n 3375 1425 m 3375 2100 l gs col-1 s gr +n 3405.00 1980.00 m 3375.00 2100.00 l 3345.00 1980.00 l 3375.50 1980.50 l 3405.00 1980.00 l clp gs 0.00 setgray ef gr gs col-1 s gr +% Polyline +n 5100 900 m 6300 900 l 6300 1350 l 5100 1350 l clp gs col-1 s gr +% Polyline +n 5625 1350 m 5625 2100 l gs col-1 s gr +n 5655.00 1980.00 m 5625.00 2100.00 l 5595.00 1980.00 l 5625.50 1980.50 l 5655.00 1980.00 l clp gs 0.00 setgray ef gr gs col-1 s gr +% Polyline +n 5205 2100 m 5100 2100 5100 2520 105 arcto 4 {pop} repeat 5100 2625 6270 2625 105 arcto 4 {pop} repeat 6375 2625 6375 2205 105 arcto 4 {pop} repeat 6375 2100 5205 2100 105 arcto 4 {pop} repeat clp gs col-1 s gr +% Polyline +n 5625 2625 m 5625 3300 l gs col-1 s gr +n 5655.00 3180.00 m 5625.00 3300.00 l 5595.00 3180.00 l 5625.50 3180.50 l 5655.00 3180.00 l clp gs 0.00 setgray ef gr gs col-1 s gr +% Polyline +n 5100 3300 m 6225 3300 l 6225 3750 l 5100 3750 l clp gs col-1 s gr +% Polyline + [1 50.0] 50.000000 setdash +n 2850 2400 m 2325 2400 l gs col-1 s gr [] 0 setdash +n 2445.00 2430.00 m 2325.00 2400.00 l 2445.00 2370.00 l 2445.50 2400.50 l 2445.00 2430.00 l clp gs 0.00 setgray ef gr gs col-1 s gr +% Polyline + [1 50.0] 50.000000 setdash +n 4125 2400 m 5100 2400 l gs col-1 s gr [] 0 setdash +n 4980.00 2370.00 m 5100.00 2400.00 l 4980.00 2430.00 l 4980.50 2400.50 l 4980.00 2370.00 l clp gs 0.00 setgray ef gr gs col-1 s gr +% Polyline +n 1050 3300 m 1950 3300 l 1950 3750 l 1050 3750 l clp gs col-1 s gr +/Times-Roman findfont 180.00 scalefont setfont +1200 1200 m +gs 1 -1 sc (config.in) col-1 show gr +/Times-Roman findfont 180.00 scalefont setfont +3000 1200 m +gs 1 -1 sc (configure) col-1 show gr +/Times-Roman findfont 180.00 scalefont setfont +3000 2400 m +gs 1 -1 sc (config.status) col-1 show gr +/Times-Roman findfont 180.00 scalefont setfont +1200 2400 m +gs 1 -1 sc (config.status) col-1 show gr +/Times-Roman findfont 180.00 scalefont setfont +1200 3600 m +gs 1 -1 sc (config.h) col-1 show gr +/Times-Roman findfont 180.00 scalefont setfont +5250 1200 m +gs 1 -1 sc (Makefile.in) col-1 show gr +/Times-Roman findfont 180.00 scalefont setfont +5250 2400 m +gs 1 -1 sc (config.status) col-1 show gr +/Times-Roman findfont 180.00 scalefont setfont +5250 3600 m +gs 1 -1 sc (Makefile) col-1 show gr +$F2psEnd +restore diff --git a/gnu/usr.bin/binutils/etc/configbuild.fig b/gnu/usr.bin/binutils/etc/configbuild.fig new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..747592d3d62 --- /dev/null +++ b/gnu/usr.bin/binutils/etc/configbuild.fig @@ -0,0 +1,50 @@ +#FIG 3.1 +Portrait +Center +Inches +1200 2 +2 2 0 1 -1 7 0 0 -1 0.000 0 0 0 0 0 5 + 1050 900 2100 900 2100 1425 1050 1425 1050 900 +2 1 0 1 -1 7 0 0 -1 0.000 0 0 -1 1 0 2 + 1 1 1.00 60.00 120.00 + 1500 1425 1500 2100 +2 1 0 1 -1 7 0 0 -1 0.000 0 0 -1 1 0 2 + 1 1 1.00 60.00 120.00 + 1500 2625 1500 3300 +2 2 0 1 -1 7 0 0 -1 0.000 0 0 0 0 0 5 + 2925 900 3825 900 3825 1425 2925 1425 2925 900 +2 4 0 1 -1 7 0 0 -1 0.000 0 0 7 0 0 5 + 2325 2625 2325 2100 1050 2100 1050 2625 2325 2625 +2 2 0 1 -1 7 0 0 -1 0.000 0 0 0 0 0 5 + 2850 2100 4125 2100 4125 2625 2850 2625 2850 2100 +2 1 0 1 -1 7 0 0 -1 0.000 0 0 -1 1 0 2 + 1 1 1.00 60.00 120.00 + 3375 1425 3375 2100 +2 2 0 1 -1 7 0 0 -1 0.000 0 0 0 0 0 5 + 5100 900 6300 900 6300 1350 5100 1350 5100 900 +2 1 0 1 -1 7 0 0 -1 0.000 0 0 -1 1 0 2 + 1 1 1.00 60.00 120.00 + 5625 1350 5625 2100 +2 4 0 1 -1 7 0 0 -1 0.000 0 0 7 0 0 5 + 6375 2625 6375 2100 5100 2100 5100 2625 6375 2625 +2 1 0 1 -1 7 0 0 -1 0.000 0 0 -1 1 0 2 + 1 1 1.00 60.00 120.00 + 5625 2625 5625 3300 +2 2 0 1 -1 7 0 0 -1 0.000 0 0 0 0 0 5 + 5100 3300 6225 3300 6225 3750 5100 3750 5100 3300 +2 1 2 1 -1 7 0 0 -1 3.000 0 0 -1 1 0 2 + 1 1 1.00 60.00 120.00 + 2850 2400 2325 2400 +2 1 2 1 -1 7 0 0 -1 3.000 0 0 -1 1 0 2 + 1 1 1.00 60.00 120.00 + 4125 2400 5100 2400 +2 2 0 1 -1 7 0 0 -1 0.000 0 0 0 0 0 5 + 1050 3300 1950 3300 1950 3750 1050 3750 1050 3300 +4 0 -1 0 0 0 12 0.0000000 4 180 645 1200 1200 config.in\001 +4 0 -1 0 0 0 12 0.0000000 4 180 705 3000 1200 configure\001 +4 0 -1 0 0 0 12 0.0000000 4 180 990 3000 2400 config.status\001 +4 0 -1 0 0 0 12 0.0000000 4 180 990 1200 2400 config.status\001 +4 0 -1 0 0 0 12 0.0000000 4 180 600 1200 3600 config.h\001 +4 0 -1 0 0 0 12 0.0000000 4 135 855 5250 1200 Makefile.in\001 +4 0 -1 0 0 0 12 0.0000000 4 180 990 5250 2400 config.status\001 +4 0 -1 0 0 0 12 0.0000000 4 135 675 5250 3600 Makefile\001 diff --git a/gnu/usr.bin/binutils/etc/configbuild.jin b/gnu/usr.bin/binutils/etc/configbuild.jin Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 00000000000..44cd9397aa1 --- /dev/null +++ b/gnu/usr.bin/binutils/etc/configbuild.jin diff --git a/gnu/usr.bin/binutils/etc/configbuild.tin b/gnu/usr.bin/binutils/etc/configbuild.tin new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..cfdd6fe0743 --- /dev/null +++ b/gnu/usr.bin/binutils/etc/configbuild.tin @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ + config.in *configure* Makefile.in + | | | + | v | + | config.status | + | | | + *config.status*<======+==========>*config.status* + | | + v v + config.h Makefile diff --git a/gnu/usr.bin/binutils/etc/configdev.ein b/gnu/usr.bin/binutils/etc/configdev.ein new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..7f837850d69 --- /dev/null +++ b/gnu/usr.bin/binutils/etc/configdev.ein @@ -0,0 +1,185 @@ +%!PS-Adobe-2.0 EPSF-2.0 +%%Title: configdev.fig +%%Creator: fig2dev Version 3.1 Patchlevel 1 +%%CreationDate: Mon Jun 15 17:35:19 1998 +%%For: ian@tito.cygnus.com (Ian Lance Taylor) +%%Orientation: Portrait +%%BoundingBox: 0 0 344 317 +%%Pages: 0 +%%BeginSetup +%%IncludeFeature: *PageSize Letter +%%EndSetup +%%EndComments +/$F2psDict 200 dict def +$F2psDict begin +$F2psDict /mtrx matrix put +/col-1 {} def +/col0 {0.000 0.000 0.000 srgb} bind def +/col1 {0.000 0.000 1.000 srgb} bind def +/col2 {0.000 1.000 0.000 srgb} bind def +/col3 {0.000 1.000 1.000 srgb} bind def +/col4 {1.000 0.000 0.000 srgb} bind def +/col5 {1.000 0.000 1.000 srgb} bind def +/col6 {1.000 1.000 0.000 srgb} bind def +/col7 {1.000 1.000 1.000 srgb} bind def +/col8 {0.000 0.000 0.560 srgb} bind def +/col9 {0.000 0.000 0.690 srgb} bind def +/col10 {0.000 0.000 0.820 srgb} bind def +/col11 {0.530 0.810 1.000 srgb} bind def +/col12 {0.000 0.560 0.000 srgb} bind 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b/gnu/usr.bin/binutils/etc/configdev.fig new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..4d386ec4ff7 --- /dev/null +++ b/gnu/usr.bin/binutils/etc/configdev.fig @@ -0,0 +1,80 @@ +#FIG 3.1 +Portrait +Center +Inches +1200 2 +2 2 0 1 -1 7 0 0 -1 0.000 0 0 0 0 0 5 + 1050 900 2100 900 2100 1425 1050 1425 1050 900 +2 2 0 1 -1 7 0 0 -1 0.000 0 0 0 0 0 5 + 2925 900 3975 900 3975 1425 2925 1425 2925 900 +2 2 0 1 -1 7 0 0 -1 0.000 0 0 0 0 0 5 + 5550 900 6750 900 6750 1350 5550 1350 5550 900 +2 2 0 1 -1 7 0 0 -1 0.000 0 0 0 0 0 5 + 3750 1800 5025 1800 5025 2250 3750 2250 3750 1800 +2 4 0 1 -1 7 0 0 -1 0.000 0 0 7 0 0 5 + 2175 2625 2175 2100 1050 2100 1050 2625 2175 2625 +2 2 0 1 -1 7 0 0 -1 0.000 0 0 0 0 0 5 + 5550 3300 6675 3300 6675 3750 5550 3750 5550 3300 +2 4 0 1 -1 7 0 0 -1 0.000 0 0 7 0 0 5 + 6600 2625 6600 2100 5550 2100 5550 2625 6600 2625 +2 2 0 1 -1 7 0 0 -1 0.000 0 0 0 0 0 5 + 3750 3600 4875 3600 4875 4050 3750 4050 3750 3600 +2 4 0 1 -1 7 0 0 -1 0.000 0 0 7 0 0 5 + 4650 3150 4650 2700 3750 2700 3750 3150 4650 3150 +2 2 0 1 -1 7 0 0 -1 0.000 0 0 0 0 0 5 + 2850 5700 3750 5700 3750 6150 2850 6150 2850 5700 +2 4 0 1 -1 7 0 0 -1 0.000 0 0 7 0 0 5 + 3750 5250 3750 4800 2925 4800 2925 5250 3750 5250 +2 1 0 1 -1 7 0 0 -1 0.000 0 0 -1 1 0 2 + 1 1 1.00 60.00 120.00 + 1500 1425 1500 2100 +2 1 0 1 -1 7 0 0 -1 0.000 0 0 -1 1 0 2 + 1 1 1.00 60.00 120.00 + 3300 1425 3300 4800 +2 1 0 1 -1 7 0 0 -1 0.000 0 0 -1 1 0 3 + 1 1 1.00 60.00 120.00 + 3300 1575 1875 1575 1875 2100 +2 1 0 1 -1 7 0 0 -1 0.000 0 0 -1 1 0 3 + 1 1 1.00 60.00 120.00 + 3300 1575 5700 1575 5700 2100 +2 1 0 1 -1 7 0 0 -1 0.000 0 0 -1 1 0 2 + 1 1 1.00 60.00 120.00 + 6225 1350 6225 2100 +2 1 0 1 -1 7 0 0 -1 0.000 0 0 -1 1 0 2 + 1 1 1.00 60.00 120.00 + 6075 2625 6075 3300 +2 1 0 1 -1 7 0 0 -1 0.000 0 0 -1 1 0 2 + 1 1 1.00 60.00 120.00 + 4200 2250 4200 2700 +2 1 0 1 -1 7 0 0 -1 0.000 0 0 -1 1 0 2 + 1 1 1.00 60.00 120.00 + 4200 3150 4200 3600 +2 1 0 1 -1 7 0 0 -1 0.000 0 0 -1 1 0 4 + 1 1 1.00 60.00 120.00 + 4200 4050 4200 4500 3675 4500 3675 4800 +2 1 0 1 -1 7 0 0 -1 0.000 0 0 -1 1 0 2 + 1 1 1.00 60.00 120.00 + 3375 5250 3375 5700 +2 1 0 1 -1 7 0 0 -1 0.000 0 0 -1 1 0 2 + 1 1 1.00 60.00 120.00 + 3300 2925 3750 2925 +2 1 0 1 -1 7 0 0 -1 0.000 0 0 -1 1 0 2 + 1 1 1.00 60.00 120.00 + 1500 2625 1500 3300 +2 2 0 1 -1 7 0 0 -1 0.000 0 0 0 0 0 5 + 1050 3300 2100 3300 2100 3750 1050 3750 1050 3300 +2 1 0 1 -1 7 0 0 -1 0.000 0 0 -1 1 0 4 + 1 1 1.00 60.00 120.00 + 4875 3825 5250 3825 5250 2400 5550 2400 +4 0 -1 0 0 0 12 0.0000000 4 180 780 1200 1200 acconfig.h\001 +4 0 -1 0 0 0 12 0.0000000 4 180 885 3000 1200 configure.in\001 +4 0 -1 0 0 0 12 0.0000000 4 135 945 5700 1200 Makefile.am\001 +4 0 -1 0 0 0 12 0.0000000 4 135 990 3900 2100 acinclude.m4\001 +4 0 -1 0 0 0 12 0.0000000 4 135 840 1200 2400 autoheader\001 +4 0 -1 0 0 0 12 0.0000000 4 180 645 1200 3600 config.in\001 +4 0 -1 0 0 0 12 0.0000000 4 135 855 5700 3600 Makefile.in\001 +4 0 -1 0 0 0 12 0.0000000 4 135 735 5700 2400 automake\001 +4 0 -1 0 0 0 12 0.0000000 4 135 810 3900 3900 aclocal.m4\001 +4 0 -1 0 0 0 12 0.0000000 4 135 540 3900 3000 aclocal\001 +4 0 -1 0 0 0 12 0.0000000 4 180 705 3000 6000 configure\001 +4 0 -1 0 0 0 12 0.0000000 4 135 660 3000 5100 autoconf\001 diff --git a/gnu/usr.bin/binutils/etc/configdev.jin b/gnu/usr.bin/binutils/etc/configdev.jin Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 00000000000..9b11a71acd7 --- /dev/null +++ b/gnu/usr.bin/binutils/etc/configdev.jin diff --git a/gnu/usr.bin/binutils/etc/configdev.tin b/gnu/usr.bin/binutils/etc/configdev.tin new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..c9b6f34f4d7 --- /dev/null +++ b/gnu/usr.bin/binutils/etc/configdev.tin @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + acconfig.h configure.in Makefile.am + | | | + | --------------+---------------------- | + | | | | | + v v | acinclude.m4 | | + *autoheader* | | v v + | | v --->*automake* + v |--->*aclocal* | | + config.in | | | v + | v | Makefile.in + | aclocal.m4--- + | | + v v + *autoconf* + | + v + configure diff --git a/gnu/usr.bin/binutils/etc/configure.info-3 b/gnu/usr.bin/binutils/etc/configure.info-3 new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..bf1dcc076b1 --- /dev/null +++ b/gnu/usr.bin/binutils/etc/configure.info-3 @@ -0,0 +1,285 @@ +This is configure.info, produced by makeinfo version 4.0 from +./configure.texi. + +INFO-DIR-SECTION GNU admin +START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY +* configure: (configure). The GNU configure and build system +END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY + + This file documents the GNU configure and build system. + + Copyright (C) 1998 Cygnus Solutions. + + Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this +manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are +preserved on all copies. + + Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of +this manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that +the entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a +permission notice identical to this one. + + Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this +manual into another language, under the above conditions for modified +versions, except that this permission notice may be stated in a +translation approved by the Foundation. + + +File: configure.info, Node: Multilibs in Target Libraries, Prev: Multilibs in gcc, Up: Multilibs + +Multilibs in Target Libraries +============================= + + The target libraries in the Cygnus tree are automatically built with +multilibs. That means that each library is built multiple times. + + This default is set in the top level `configure.in' file, by adding +`--enable-multilib' to the list of arguments passed to configure when +it is run for the target libraries (*note Host and Target Libraries::). + + Each target library uses the shell script `config-ml.in', written by +Doug Evans, to prepare to build target libraries. This shell script is +invoked after the `Makefile' has been created by the `configure' +script. If multilibs are not enabled, it does nothing, otherwise it +modifies the `Makefile' to support multilibs. + + The `config-ml.in' script makes one copy of the `Makefile' for each +multilib in the appropriate subdirectory. When configuring in the +source directory (which is not recommended), it will build a symlink +tree of the sources in each subdirectory. + + The `config-ml.in' script sets several variables in the various +`Makefile's. The `Makefile.in' must have definitions for these +variables already; `config-ml.in' simply changes the existing values. +The `Makefile' should use default values for these variables which will +do the right thing in the subdirectories. + +`MULTISRCTOP' + `config-ml.in' will set this to a sequence of `../' strings, where + the number of strings is the number of multilib levels in the + source tree. The default value should be the empty string. + +`MULTIBUILDTOP' + `config-ml.in' will set this to a sequence of `../' strings, where + the number of strings is number of multilib levels in the object + directory. The default value should be the empty string. This + will differ from `MULTISRCTOP' when configuring in the source tree + (which is not recommended). + +`MULTIDIRS' + In the top level `Makefile' only, `config-ml.in' will set this to + the list of multilib subdirectories. The default value should be + the empty string. + +`MULTISUBDIR' + `config-ml.in' will set this to the installed subdirectory name to + use for this subdirectory, with a leading `/'. The default value + shold be the empty string. + +`MULTIDO' +`MULTICLEAN' + In the top level `Makefile' only, `config-ml.in' will set these + variables to commands to use when doing a recursive make. These + variables should both default to the string `true', so that by + default nothing happens. + + All references to the parent of the source directory should use the +variable `MULTISRCTOP'. Instead of writing `$(srcdir)/..', you must +write `$(srcdir)/$(MULTISRCTOP)..'. + + Similarly, references to the parent of the object directory should +use the variable `MULTIBUILDTOP'. + + In the installation target, the libraries should be installed in the +subdirectory `MULTISUBDIR'. Instead of installing +`$(libdir)/libfoo.a', install `$(libdir)$(MULTISUBDIR)/libfoo.a'. + + The `config-ml.in' script also modifies the top level `Makefile' to +add `multi-do' and `multi-clean' targets which are used when building +multilibs. + + The default target of the `Makefile' should include the following +command: + @$(MULTIDO) $(FLAGS_TO_PASS) DO=all multi-do + +This assumes that `$(FLAGS_TO_PASS)' is defined as a set of variables +to pass to a recursive invocation of `make'. This will build all the +multilibs. Note that the default value of `MULTIDO' is `true', so by +default this command will do nothing. It will only do something in the +top level `Makefile' if multilibs were enabled. + + The `install' target of the `Makefile' should include the following +command: + @$(MULTIDO) $(FLAGS_TO_PASS) DO=install multi-do + + In general, any operation, other than clean, which should be +performed on all the multilibs should use a `$(MULTIDO)' line, setting +the variable `DO' to the target of each recursive call to `make'. + + The `clean' targets (`clean', `mostlyclean', etc.) should use +`$(MULTICLEAN)'. For example, the `clean' target should do this: + @$(MULTICLEAN) DO=clean multi-clean + + +File: configure.info, Node: FAQ, Next: Index, Prev: Multilibs, Up: Top + +Frequently Asked Questions +************************** + +Which do I run first, `autoconf' or `automake'? + Except when you first add autoconf or automake support to a + package, you shouldn't run either by hand. Instead, configure + with the `--enable-maintainer-mode' option, and let `make' take + care of it. + +`autoconf' says something about undefined macros. + This means that you have macros in your `configure.in' which are + not defined by `autoconf'. You may be using an old version of + `autoconf'; try building and installing a newer one. Make sure the + newly installled `autoconf' is first on your `PATH'. Also, see + the next question. + +My `configure' script has stuff like `CY_GNU_GETTEXT' in it. + This means that you have macros in your `configure.in' which should + be defined in your `aclocal.m4' file, but aren't. This usually + means that `aclocal' was not able to appropriate definitions of the + macros. Make sure that you have installed all the packages you + need. In particular, make sure that you have installed libtool + (this is where `AM_PROG_LIBTOOL' is defined) and gettext (this is + where `CY_GNU_GETTEXT' is defined, at least in the Cygnus version + of gettext). + +My `Makefile' has `@' characters in it. + This may mean that you tried to use an autoconf substitution in + your `Makefile.in' without adding the appropriate `AC_SUBST' call + to your `configure' script. Or it may just mean that you need to + rebuild `Makefile' in your build directory. To rebuild `Makefile' + from `Makefile.in', run the shell script `config.status' with no + arguments. If you need to force `configure' to run again, first + run `config.status --recheck'. These runs are normally done + automatically by `Makefile' targets, but if your `Makefile' has + gotten messed up you'll need to help them along. + +Why do I have to run both `config.status --recheck' and `config.status'? + Normally, you don't; they will be run automatically by `Makefile' + targets. If you do need to run them, use `config.status --recheck' + to run the `configure' script again with the same arguments as the + first time you ran it. Use `config.status' (with no arguments) to + regenerate all files (`Makefile', `config.h', etc.) based on the + results of the configure script. The two cases are separate + because it isn't always necessary to regenerate all the files + after running `config.status --recheck'. The `Makefile' targets + generated by automake will use the environment variables + `CONFIG_FILES' and `CONFIG_HEADERS' to only regenerate files as + they are needed. + +What is the Cygnus tree? + The Cygnus tree is used for various packages including gdb, the GNU + binutils, and egcs. It is also, of course, used for Cygnus + releases. It is the build system which was developed at Cygnus, + using the Cygnus configure script. It permits building many + different packages with a single configure and make. The + configure scripts in the tree are being converted to autoconf, but + the general build structure remains intact. + +Why do I have to keep rebuilding and reinstalling the tools? + I know, it's a pain. Unfortunately, there are bugs in the tools + themselves which need to be fixed, and each time that happens + everybody who uses the tools need to reinstall new versions of + them. I don't know if there is going to be a clever fix until the + tools stabilize. + +Why not just have a Cygnus tree `make' target to update the tools? + The tools unfortunately need to be installed before they can be + used. That means that they must be built using an appropriate + prefix, and it seems unwise to assume that every configuration + uses an appropriate prefix. It might be possible to make them + work in place, or it might be possible to install them in some + subdirectory; so far these approaches have not been implemented. + + +File: configure.info, Node: Index, Prev: FAQ, Up: Top + +Index +***** + +* Menu: + +* --build option: Build and Host Options. +* --host option: Build and Host Options. +* --target option: Specifying the Target. +* _GNU_SOURCE: Write configure.in. +* AC_CANONICAL_HOST: Using the Host Type. +* AC_CANONICAL_SYSTEM: Using the Target Type. +* AC_CONFIG_HEADER: Write configure.in. +* AC_EXEEXT: Write configure.in. +* AC_INIT: Write configure.in. +* AC_OUTPUT: Write configure.in. +* AC_PREREQ: Write configure.in. +* AC_PROG_CC: Write configure.in. +* AC_PROG_CXX: Write configure.in. +* acconfig.h: Written Developer Files. +* acconfig.h, writing: Write acconfig.h. +* acinclude.m4: Written Developer Files. +* aclocal.m4: Generated Developer Files. +* AM_CONFIG_HEADER: Write configure.in. +* AM_DISABLE_SHARED: Write configure.in. +* AM_EXEEXT: Write configure.in. +* AM_INIT_AUTOMAKE: Write configure.in. +* AM_MAINTAINER_MODE: Write configure.in. +* AM_PROG_LIBTOOL: Write configure.in. +* AM_PROG_LIBTOOL in configure: FAQ. +* build option: Build and Host Options. +* building with a cross compiler: Canadian Cross. +* canadian cross: Canadian Cross. +* canadian cross in configure: CCross in Configure. +* canadian cross in cygnus tree: CCross in Cygnus Tree. +* canadian cross in makefile: CCross in Make. +* canadian cross, configuring: Build and Host Options. +* canonical system names: Configuration Names. +* config.cache: Build Files Description. +* config.h: Build Files Description. +* config.h.in: Generated Developer Files. +* config.in: Generated Developer Files. +* config.status: Build Files Description. +* config.status --recheck: FAQ. +* configuration names: Configuration Names. +* configuration triplets: Configuration Names. +* configure: Generated Developer Files. +* configure build system: Build and Host Options. +* configure host: Build and Host Options. +* configure target: Specifying the Target. +* configure.in: Written Developer Files. +* configure.in, writing: Write configure.in. +* configuring a canadian cross: Build and Host Options. +* cross compiler: Cross Compilation Concepts. +* cross compiler, building with: Canadian Cross. +* cross tools: Cross Compilation Tools. +* CY_GNU_GETTEXT in configure: FAQ. +* cygnus configure: Cygnus Configure. +* goals: Goals. +* history: History. +* host names: Configuration Names. +* host option: Build and Host Options. +* host system: Host and Target. +* host triplets: Configuration Names. +* HOST_CC: CCross in Make. +* libg++ configure: Cygnus Configure in C++ Libraries. +* libio configure: Cygnus Configure in C++ Libraries. +* libstdc++ configure: Cygnus Configure in C++ Libraries. +* Makefile: Build Files Description. +* Makefile, garbage characters: FAQ. +* Makefile.am: Written Developer Files. +* Makefile.am, writing: Write Makefile.am. +* Makefile.in: Generated Developer Files. +* multilibs: Multilibs. +* stamp-h: Build Files Description. +* stamp-h.in: Generated Developer Files. +* system names: Configuration Names. +* system types: Configuration Names. +* target option: Specifying the Target. +* target system: Host and Target. +* triplets: Configuration Names. +* undefined macros: FAQ. + + diff --git a/gnu/usr.bin/binutils/gas/doc/as.info-8 b/gnu/usr.bin/binutils/gas/doc/as.info-8 new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..37fdb152b00 --- /dev/null +++ b/gnu/usr.bin/binutils/gas/doc/as.info-8 @@ -0,0 +1,1042 @@ +This is as.info, produced by makeinfo version 4.0 from as.texinfo. + +START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY +* As: (as). The GNU assembler. +END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY + + This file documents the GNU Assembler "as". + + Copyright (C) 1991, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 2000 Free +Software Foundation, Inc. + + Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this +manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are +preserved on all copies. + + Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of +this manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that +the entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a +permission notice identical to this one. + + Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this +manual into another language, under the above conditions for modified +versions. + + +File: as.info, Node: Index, Prev: Acknowledgements, Up: Top + +Index +***** + +* Menu: + +* #: Comments. +* #APP: Preprocessing. +* #NO_APP: Preprocessing. +* $ in symbol names <1>: SH-Chars. +* $ in symbol names <2>: H8/500-Chars. +* $ in symbol names <3>: D30V-Chars. +* $ in symbol names: D10V-Chars. +* -+ option, VAX/VMS: VAX-Opts. +* --: Command Line. +* --base-size-default-16: M68K-Opts. +* --base-size-default-32: M68K-Opts. +* --bitwise-or option, M680x0: M68K-Opts. +* --disp-size-default-16: M68K-Opts. +* --disp-size-default-32: M68K-Opts. +* --enforce-aligned-data: Sparc-Aligned-Data. +* --fatal-warnings: W. +* --MD: MD. +* --no-warn: W. +* --register-prefix-optional option, M680x0: M68K-Opts. +* --statistics: statistics. +* --traditional-format: traditional-format. +* --warn: W. +* -1 option, VAX/VMS: VAX-Opts. +* -a: a. +* -A options, i960: Options-i960. +* -ac: a. +* -ad: a. +* -ah: a. +* -al: a. +* -an: a. +* -as: a. +* -Asparclet: Sparc-Opts. +* -Asparclite: Sparc-Opts. +* -Av6: Sparc-Opts. +* -Av8: Sparc-Opts. +* -Av9: Sparc-Opts. +* -Av9a: Sparc-Opts. +* -b option, i960: Options-i960. +* -D: D. +* -D, ignored on VAX: VAX-Opts. +* -d, VAX option: VAX-Opts. +* -EB command line option, ARM: ARM Options. +* -EB option (MIPS): MIPS Opts. +* -EL command line option, ARM: ARM Options. +* -EL option (MIPS): MIPS Opts. +* -f: f. +* -G option (MIPS): MIPS Opts. +* -H option, VAX/VMS: VAX-Opts. +* -h option, VAX/VMS: VAX-Opts. +* -I PATH: I. +* -J, ignored on VAX: VAX-Opts. +* -K: K. +* -k command line option, ARM: ARM Options. +* -L: L. +* -l option, M680x0: M68K-Opts. +* -M: M. +* -m68000 and related options: M68K-Opts. +* -mall command line option, ARM: ARM Options. +* -mapcs command line option, ARM: ARM Options. +* -mapcs-float command line option, ARM: ARM Options. +* -mapcs-reentrant command line option, ARM: ARM Options. +* -marm command line option, ARM: ARM Options. +* -marmv command line option, ARM: ARM Options. +* -mbig-endian option (ARC): ARC-Opts. +* -mfpa command line option, ARM: ARM Options. +* -mfpe-old command line option, ARM: ARM Options. +* -mlittle-endian option (ARC): ARC-Opts. +* -mno-fpu command line option, ARM: ARM Options. +* -moabi command line option, ARM: ARM Options. +* -mthumb command line option, ARM: ARM Options. +* -mthumb-interwork command line option, ARM: ARM Options. +* -mv850 command line option, V850: V850 Options. +* -mv850any command line option, V850: V850 Options. +* -mv850e command line option, V850: V850 Options. +* -no-relax option, i960: Options-i960. +* -nocpp ignored (MIPS): MIPS Opts. +* -o: o. +* -R: R. +* -S, ignored on VAX: VAX-Opts. +* -t, ignored on VAX: VAX-Opts. +* -T, ignored on VAX: VAX-Opts. +* -v: v. +* -V, redundant on VAX: VAX-Opts. +* -version: v. +* -W: W. +* -wsigned_overflow command line option, V850: V850 Options. +* -wunsigned_overflow command line option, V850: V850 Options. +* . (symbol): Dot. +* .insn: MIPS insn. +* .ltorg directive, ARM: ARM Directives. +* .o: Object. +* .param on HPPA: HPPA Directives. +* .pool directive, ARM: ARM Directives. +* .set autoextend: MIPS autoextend. +* .set mipsN: MIPS ISA. +* .set noautoextend: MIPS autoextend. +* .set pop: MIPS option stack. +* .set push: MIPS option stack. +* .v850 directive, V850: V850 Directives. +* .v850e directive, V850: V850 Directives. +* 16-bit code, i386: i386-16bit. +* 29K support: AMD29K-Dependent. +* 3DNow!, i386: i386-SIMD. +* : (label): Statements. +* @word modifier, D10V: D10V-Word. +* \" (doublequote character): Strings. +* \\ (\ character): Strings. +* \b (backspace character): Strings. +* \DDD (octal character code): Strings. +* \f (formfeed character): Strings. +* \n (newline character): Strings. +* \r (carriage return character): Strings. +* \t (tab): Strings. +* \XD... (hex character code): Strings. +* a.out: Object. +* a.out symbol attributes: a.out Symbols. +* ABORT directive: ABORT. +* abort directive: Abort. +* absolute section: Ld Sections. +* addition, permitted arguments: Infix Ops. +* addresses: Expressions. +* addresses, format of: Secs Background. +* addressing modes, D10V: D10V-Addressing. +* addressing modes, D30V: D30V-Addressing. +* addressing modes, H8/300: H8/300-Addressing. +* addressing modes, H8/500: H8/500-Addressing. +* addressing modes, M680x0: M68K-Syntax. +* addressing modes, SH: SH-Addressing. +* addressing modes, Z8000: Z8000-Addressing. +* ADR reg,<label> pseudo op, ARM: ARM Opcodes. +* ADRL reg,<label> pseudo op, ARM: ARM Opcodes. +* advancing location counter: Org. +* align directive: Align. +* align directive, ARM: ARM Directives. +* align directive, SPARC: Sparc-Directives. +* altered difference tables: Word. +* alternate syntax for the 680x0: M68K-Moto-Syntax. +* AMD 29K floating point (IEEE): AMD29K Floating Point. +* AMD 29K identifiers: AMD29K-Chars. +* AMD 29K line comment character: AMD29K-Chars. +* AMD 29K machine directives: AMD29K Directives. +* AMD 29K macros: AMD29K-Macros. +* AMD 29K opcodes: AMD29K Opcodes. +* AMD 29K options (none): AMD29K Options. +* AMD 29K protected registers: AMD29K-Regs. +* AMD 29K register names: AMD29K-Regs. +* AMD 29K special purpose registers: AMD29K-Regs. +* AMD 29K support: AMD29K-Dependent. +* ARC architectures: ARC-Opts. +* ARC big-endian output: ARC-Opts. +* ARC endianness: Overview. +* ARC floating point (IEEE): ARC-Float. +* ARC little-endian output: ARC-Opts. +* ARC machine directives: ARC-Directives. +* ARC options: ARC-Opts. +* ARC support: ARC-Dependent. +* architecture options, i960: Options-i960. +* architecture options, M680x0: M68K-Opts. +* architectures, ARC: ARC-Opts. +* architectures, SPARC: Sparc-Opts. +* arguments for addition: Infix Ops. +* arguments for subtraction: Infix Ops. +* arguments in expressions: Arguments. +* arithmetic functions: Operators. +* arithmetic operands: Arguments. +* arm directive, ARM: ARM Directives. +* ARM floating point (IEEE): ARM Floating Point. +* ARM identifiers: ARM-Chars. +* ARM immediate character: ARM-Chars. +* ARM line comment character: ARM-Chars. +* ARM line separator: ARM-Chars. +* ARM machine directives: ARM Directives. +* ARM opcodes: ARM Opcodes. +* ARM options (none): ARM Options. +* ARM register names: ARM-Regs. +* ARM support: ARM-Dependent. +* ascii directive: Ascii. +* asciz directive: Asciz. +* assembler bugs, reporting: Bug Reporting. +* assembler crash: Bug Criteria. +* assembler internal logic error: As Sections. +* assembler version: v. +* assembler, and linker: Secs Background. +* assembly listings, enabling: a. +* assigning values to symbols <1>: Equ. +* assigning values to symbols: Setting Symbols. +* attributes, symbol: Symbol Attributes. +* auxiliary attributes, COFF symbols: COFF Symbols. +* auxiliary symbol information, COFF: Dim. +* Av7: Sparc-Opts. +* backslash (\\): Strings. +* backspace (\b): Strings. +* balign directive: Balign. +* balignl directive: Balign. +* balignw directive: Balign. +* big endian output, ARC: Overview. +* big endian output, MIPS: Overview. +* big endian output, PJ: Overview. +* big-endian output, ARC: ARC-Opts. +* big-endian output, MIPS: MIPS Opts. +* bignums: Bignums. +* binary integers: Integers. +* bitfields, not supported on VAX: VAX-no. +* block: Z8000 Directives. +* block directive, AMD 29K: AMD29K Directives. +* branch improvement, M680x0: M68K-Branch. +* branch improvement, VAX: VAX-branch. +* branch recording, i960: Options-i960. +* branch statistics table, i960: Options-i960. +* bss directive, i960: Directives-i960. +* bss section <1>: bss. +* bss section: Ld Sections. +* bug criteria: Bug Criteria. +* bug reports: Bug Reporting. +* bugs in assembler: Reporting Bugs. +* bus lock prefixes, i386: i386-Prefixes. +* bval: Z8000 Directives. +* byte directive: Byte. +* call instructions, i386: i386-Mnemonics. +* callj, i960 pseudo-opcode: callj-i960. +* carriage return (\r): Strings. +* character constants: Characters. +* character escape codes: Strings. +* character, single: Chars. +* characters used in symbols: Symbol Intro. +* code directive, ARM: ARM Directives. +* code16 directive, i386: i386-16bit. +* code16gcc directive, i386: i386-16bit. +* code32 directive, i386: i386-16bit. +* COFF auxiliary symbol information: Dim. +* COFF structure debugging: Tag. +* COFF symbol attributes: COFF Symbols. +* COFF symbol descriptor: Desc. +* COFF symbol storage class: Scl. +* COFF symbol type: Type. +* COFF symbols, debugging: Def. +* COFF value attribute: Val. +* COMDAT: Linkonce. +* comm directive: Comm. +* command line conventions: Command Line. +* command line options, V850: V850 Options. +* command-line options ignored, VAX: VAX-Opts. +* comments: Comments. +* comments, M680x0: M68K-Chars. +* comments, removed by preprocessor: Preprocessing. +* common directive, SPARC: Sparc-Directives. +* common sections: Linkonce. +* common variable storage: bss. +* compare and jump expansions, i960: Compare-and-branch-i960. +* compare/branch instructions, i960: Compare-and-branch-i960. +* conditional assembly: If. +* constant, single character: Chars. +* constants: Constants. +* constants, bignum: Bignums. +* constants, character: Characters. +* constants, converted by preprocessor: Preprocessing. +* constants, floating point: Flonums. +* constants, integer: Integers. +* constants, number: Numbers. +* constants, string: Strings. +* conversion instructions, i386: i386-Mnemonics. +* coprocessor wait, i386: i386-Prefixes. +* cpu directive, SPARC: ARC-Directives. +* cputype directive, AMD 29K: AMD29K Directives. +* crash of assembler: Bug Criteria. +* ctbp register, V850: V850-Regs. +* ctoff pseudo-op, V850: V850 Opcodes. +* ctpc register, V850: V850-Regs. +* ctpsw register, V850: V850-Regs. +* current address: Dot. +* current address, advancing: Org. +* D10V @word modifier: D10V-Word. +* D10V addressing modes: D10V-Addressing. +* D10V floating point: D10V-Float. +* D10V line comment character: D10V-Chars. +* D10V opcode summary: D10V-Opcodes. +* D10V optimization: Overview. +* D10V options: D10V-Opts. +* D10V registers: D10V-Regs. +* D10V size modifiers: D10V-Size. +* D10V sub-instruction ordering: D10V-Chars. +* D10V sub-instructions: D10V-Subs. +* D10V support: D10V-Dependent. +* D10V syntax: D10V-Syntax. +* D30V addressing modes: D30V-Addressing. +* D30V floating point: D30V-Float. +* D30V Guarded Execution: D30V-Guarded. +* D30V line comment character: D30V-Chars. +* D30V nops: Overview. +* D30V nops after 32-bit multiply: Overview. +* D30V opcode summary: D30V-Opcodes. +* D30V optimization: Overview. +* D30V options: D30V-Opts. +* D30V registers: D30V-Regs. +* D30V size modifiers: D30V-Size. +* D30V sub-instruction ordering: D30V-Chars. +* D30V sub-instructions: D30V-Subs. +* D30V support: D30V-Dependent. +* D30V syntax: D30V-Syntax. +* data alignment on SPARC: Sparc-Aligned-Data. +* data and text sections, joining: R. +* data directive: Data. +* data section: Ld Sections. +* data1 directive, M680x0: M68K-Directives. +* data2 directive, M680x0: M68K-Directives. +* dbpc register, V850: V850-Regs. +* dbpsw register, V850: V850-Regs. +* debuggers, and symbol order: Symbols. +* debugging COFF symbols: Def. +* decimal integers: Integers. +* def directive: Def. +* dependency tracking: MD. +* deprecated directives: Deprecated. +* desc directive: Desc. +* descriptor, of a.out symbol: Symbol Desc. +* dfloat directive, VAX: VAX-directives. +* difference tables altered: Word. +* difference tables, warning: K. +* dim directive: Dim. +* directives and instructions: Statements. +* directives, M680x0: M68K-Directives. +* directives, machine independent: Pseudo Ops. +* directives, Z8000: Z8000 Directives. +* displacement sizing character, VAX: VAX-operands. +* dot (symbol): Dot. +* double directive: Double. +* double directive, i386: i386-Float. +* double directive, M680x0: M68K-Float. +* double directive, VAX: VAX-float. +* doublequote (\"): Strings. +* ECOFF sections: MIPS Object. +* ecr register, V850: V850-Regs. +* eight-byte integer: Quad. +* eipc register, V850: V850-Regs. +* eipsw register, V850: V850-Regs. +* eject directive: Eject. +* else directive: Else. +* elseif directive: Elseif. +* empty expressions: Empty Exprs. +* emulation: Overview. +* end directive: End. +* endef directive: Endef. +* endfunc directive: Endfunc. +* endianness, ARC: Overview. +* endianness, MIPS: Overview. +* endianness, PJ: Overview. +* endif directive: Endif. +* endm directive: Macro. +* EOF, newline must precede: Statements. +* ep register, V850: V850-Regs. +* equ directive: Equ. +* equiv directive: Equiv. +* err directive: Err. +* error messsages: Errors. +* error on valid input: Bug Criteria. +* errors, caused by warnings: W. +* errors, continuing after: Z. +* ESA/390 floating point (IEEE): ESA/390 Floating Point. +* ESA/390 support: ESA/390-Dependent. +* ESA/390 Syntax: ESA/390 Options. +* ESA/390-only directives: ESA/390 Directives. +* escape codes, character: Strings. +* even: Z8000 Directives. +* even directive, M680x0: M68K-Directives. +* exitm directive: Macro. +* expr (internal section): As Sections. +* expression arguments: Arguments. +* expressions: Expressions. +* expressions, empty: Empty Exprs. +* expressions, integer: Integer Exprs. +* extend directive M680x0: M68K-Float. +* extended directive, i960: Directives-i960. +* extern directive: Extern. +* fail directive: Fail. +* faster processing (-f): f. +* fatal signal: Bug Criteria. +* fepc register, V850: V850-Regs. +* fepsw register, V850: V850-Regs. +* ffloat directive, VAX: VAX-directives. +* file directive: File. +* file directive, AMD 29K: AMD29K Directives. +* file name, logical: File. +* files, including: Include. +* files, input: Input Files. +* fill directive: Fill. +* filling memory <1>: Space. +* filling memory: Skip. +* float directive: Float. +* float directive, i386: i386-Float. +* float directive, M680x0: M68K-Float. +* float directive, VAX: VAX-float. +* floating point numbers: Flonums. +* floating point numbers (double): Double. +* floating point numbers (single) <1>: Single. +* floating point numbers (single): Float. +* floating point, AMD 29K (IEEE): AMD29K Floating Point. +* floating point, ARC (IEEE): ARC-Float. +* floating point, ARM (IEEE): ARM Floating Point. +* floating point, D10V: D10V-Float. +* floating point, D30V: D30V-Float. +* floating point, ESA/390 (IEEE): ESA/390 Floating Point. +* floating point, H8/300 (IEEE): H8/300 Floating Point. +* floating point, H8/500 (IEEE): H8/500 Floating Point. +* floating point, HPPA (IEEE): HPPA Floating Point. +* floating point, i386: i386-Float. +* floating point, i960 (IEEE): Floating Point-i960. +* floating point, M680x0: M68K-Float. +* floating point, SH (IEEE): SH Floating Point. +* floating point, SPARC (IEEE): Sparc-Float. +* floating point, V850 (IEEE): V850 Floating Point. +* floating point, VAX: VAX-float. +* flonums: Flonums. +* force_thumb directive, ARM: ARM Directives. +* format of error messages: Errors. +* format of warning messages: Errors. +* formfeed (\f): Strings. +* func directive: Func. +* functions, in expressions: Operators. +* gbr960, i960 postprocessor: Options-i960. +* gfloat directive, VAX: VAX-directives. +* global: Z8000 Directives. +* global directive: Global. +* gp register, MIPS: MIPS Object. +* gp register, V850: V850-Regs. +* grouping data: Sub-Sections. +* H8/300 addressing modes: H8/300-Addressing. +* H8/300 floating point (IEEE): H8/300 Floating Point. +* H8/300 line comment character: H8/300-Chars. +* H8/300 line separator: H8/300-Chars. +* H8/300 machine directives (none): H8/300 Directives. +* H8/300 opcode summary: H8/300 Opcodes. +* H8/300 options (none): H8/300 Options. +* H8/300 registers: H8/300-Regs. +* H8/300 size suffixes: H8/300 Opcodes. +* H8/300 support: H8/300-Dependent. +* H8/300H, assembling for: H8/300 Directives. +* H8/500 addressing modes: H8/500-Addressing. +* H8/500 floating point (IEEE): H8/500 Floating Point. +* H8/500 line comment character: H8/500-Chars. +* H8/500 line separator: H8/500-Chars. +* H8/500 machine directives (none): H8/500 Directives. +* H8/500 opcode summary: H8/500 Opcodes. +* H8/500 options (none): H8/500 Options. +* H8/500 registers: H8/500-Regs. +* H8/500 support: H8/500-Dependent. +* half directive, SPARC: Sparc-Directives. +* hex character code (\XD...): Strings. +* hexadecimal integers: Integers. +* hfloat directive, VAX: VAX-directives. +* hi pseudo-op, V850: V850 Opcodes. +* hi0 pseudo-op, V850: V850 Opcodes. +* hidden directive: Visibility. +* hilo pseudo-op, V850: V850 Opcodes. +* HPPA directives not supported: HPPA Directives. +* HPPA floating point (IEEE): HPPA Floating Point. +* HPPA Syntax: HPPA Options. +* HPPA-only directives: HPPA Directives. +* hword directive: hword. +* i370 support: ESA/390-Dependent. +* i386 16-bit code: i386-16bit. +* i386 conversion instructions: i386-Mnemonics. +* i386 floating point: i386-Float. +* i386 immediate operands: i386-Syntax. +* i386 instruction naming: i386-Mnemonics. +* i386 instruction prefixes: i386-Prefixes. +* i386 jump optimization: i386-jumps. +* i386 jump, call, return: i386-Syntax. +* i386 jump/call operands: i386-Syntax. +* i386 memory references: i386-Memory. +* i386 mul, imul instructions: i386-Notes. +* i386 options (none): i386-Options. +* i386 register operands: i386-Syntax. +* i386 registers: i386-Regs. +* i386 sections: i386-Syntax. +* i386 size suffixes: i386-Syntax. +* i386 source, destination operands: i386-Syntax. +* i386 support: i386-Dependent. +* i386 syntax compatibility: i386-Syntax. +* i80306 support: i386-Dependent. +* i960 architecture options: Options-i960. +* i960 branch recording: Options-i960. +* i960 callj pseudo-opcode: callj-i960. +* i960 compare and jump expansions: Compare-and-branch-i960. +* i960 compare/branch instructions: Compare-and-branch-i960. +* i960 floating point (IEEE): Floating Point-i960. +* i960 machine directives: Directives-i960. +* i960 opcodes: Opcodes for i960. +* i960 options: Options-i960. +* i960 support: i960-Dependent. +* ident directive: Ident. +* identifiers, AMD 29K: AMD29K-Chars. +* identifiers, ARM: ARM-Chars. +* if directive: If. +* ifc directive: If. +* ifdef directive: If. +* ifeq directive: If. +* ifeqs directive: If. +* ifge directive: If. +* ifgt directive: If. +* ifle directive: If. +* iflt directive: If. +* ifnc directive: If. +* ifndef directive: If. +* ifne directive: If. +* ifnes directive: If. +* ifnotdef directive: If. +* immediate character, ARM: ARM-Chars. +* immediate character, M680x0: M68K-Chars. +* immediate character, VAX: VAX-operands. +* immediate operands, i386: i386-Syntax. +* imul instruction, i386: i386-Notes. +* include directive: Include. +* include directive search path: I. +* indirect character, VAX: VAX-operands. +* infix operators: Infix Ops. +* inhibiting interrupts, i386: i386-Prefixes. +* input: Input Files. +* input file linenumbers: Input Files. +* instruction naming, i386: i386-Mnemonics. +* instruction prefixes, i386: i386-Prefixes. +* instruction set, M680x0: M68K-opcodes. +* instruction summary, D10V: D10V-Opcodes. +* instruction summary, D30V: D30V-Opcodes. +* instruction summary, H8/300: H8/300 Opcodes. +* instruction summary, H8/500: H8/500 Opcodes. +* instruction summary, SH: SH Opcodes. +* instruction summary, Z8000: Z8000 Opcodes. +* instructions and directives: Statements. +* int directive: Int. +* int directive, H8/300: H8/300 Directives. +* int directive, H8/500: H8/500 Directives. +* int directive, i386: i386-Float. +* integer expressions: Integer Exprs. +* integer, 16-byte: Octa. +* integer, 8-byte: Quad. +* integers: Integers. +* integers, 16-bit: hword. +* integers, 32-bit: Int. +* integers, binary: Integers. +* integers, decimal: Integers. +* integers, hexadecimal: Integers. +* integers, octal: Integers. +* integers, one byte: Byte. +* internal assembler sections: As Sections. +* internal directive: Visibility. +* invalid input: Bug Criteria. +* invocation summary: Overview. +* irp directive: Irp. +* irpc directive: Irpc. +* joining text and data sections: R. +* jump instructions, i386: i386-Mnemonics. +* jump optimization, i386: i386-jumps. +* jump/call operands, i386: i386-Syntax. +* label (:): Statements. +* labels: Labels. +* lcomm directive: Lcomm. +* ld: Object. +* ldouble directive M680x0: M68K-Float. +* LDR reg,=<label> pseudo op, ARM: ARM Opcodes. +* leafproc directive, i960: Directives-i960. +* length of symbols: Symbol Intro. +* lflags directive (ignored): Lflags. +* line comment character: Comments. +* line comment character, AMD 29K: AMD29K-Chars. +* line comment character, ARM: ARM-Chars. +* line comment character, D10V: D10V-Chars. +* line comment character, D30V: D30V-Chars. +* line comment character, H8/300: H8/300-Chars. +* line comment character, H8/500: H8/500-Chars. +* line comment character, M680x0: M68K-Chars. +* line comment character, SH: SH-Chars. +* line comment character, V850: V850-Chars. +* line comment character, Z8000: Z8000-Chars. +* line directive: Line. +* line directive, AMD 29K: AMD29K Directives. +* line numbers, in input files: Input Files. +* line numbers, in warnings/errors: Errors. +* line separator character: Statements. +* line separator, ARM: ARM-Chars. +* line separator, H8/300: H8/300-Chars. +* line separator, H8/500: H8/500-Chars. +* line separator, SH: SH-Chars. +* line separator, Z8000: Z8000-Chars. +* lines starting with #: Comments. +* linker: Object. +* linker, and assembler: Secs Background. +* linkonce directive: Linkonce. +* list directive: List. +* listing control, turning off: Nolist. +* listing control, turning on: List. +* listing control: new page: Eject. +* listing control: paper size: Psize. +* listing control: subtitle: Sbttl. +* listing control: title line: Title. +* listings, enabling: a. +* little endian output, ARC: Overview. +* little endian output, MIPS: Overview. +* little endian output, PJ: Overview. +* little-endian output, ARC: ARC-Opts. +* little-endian output, MIPS: MIPS Opts. +* ln directive: Ln. +* lo pseudo-op, V850: V850 Opcodes. +* local common symbols: Lcomm. +* local labels, retaining in output: L. +* local symbol names: Symbol Names. +* location counter: Dot. +* location counter, advancing: Org. +* logical file name: File. +* logical line number: Line. +* logical line numbers: Comments. +* long directive: Long. +* long directive, i386: i386-Float. +* lp register, V850: V850-Regs. +* lval: Z8000 Directives. +* M680x0 addressing modes: M68K-Syntax. +* M680x0 architecture options: M68K-Opts. +* M680x0 branch improvement: M68K-Branch. +* M680x0 directives: M68K-Directives. +* M680x0 floating point: M68K-Float. +* M680x0 immediate character: M68K-Chars. +* M680x0 line comment character: M68K-Chars. +* M680x0 opcodes: M68K-opcodes. +* M680x0 options: M68K-Opts. +* M680x0 pseudo-opcodes: M68K-Branch. +* M680x0 size modifiers: M68K-Syntax. +* M680x0 support: M68K-Dependent. +* M680x0 syntax: M68K-Syntax. +* machine dependencies: Machine Dependencies. +* machine directives, AMD 29K: AMD29K Directives. +* machine directives, ARC: ARC-Directives. +* machine directives, ARM: ARM Directives. +* machine directives, H8/300 (none): H8/300 Directives. +* machine directives, H8/500 (none): H8/500 Directives. +* machine directives, i960: Directives-i960. +* machine directives, SH: SH Directives. +* machine directives, SPARC: Sparc-Directives. +* machine directives, V850: V850 Directives. +* machine directives, VAX: VAX-directives. +* machine independent directives: Pseudo Ops. +* machine instructions (not covered): Manual. +* machine-independent syntax: Syntax. +* macro directive: Macro. +* macros: Macro. +* Macros, AMD 29K: AMD29K-Macros. +* macros, count executed: Macro. +* make rules: MD. +* manual, structure and purpose: Manual. +* memory references, i386: i386-Memory. +* merging text and data sections: R. +* messages from assembler: Errors. +* minus, permitted arguments: Infix Ops. +* MIPS architecture options: MIPS Opts. +* MIPS big-endian output: MIPS Opts. +* MIPS debugging directives: MIPS Stabs. +* MIPS ECOFF sections: MIPS Object. +* MIPS endianness: Overview. +* MIPS ISA: Overview. +* MIPS ISA override: MIPS ISA. +* MIPS little-endian output: MIPS Opts. +* MIPS option stack: MIPS option stack. +* MIPS processor: MIPS-Dependent. +* MIT: M68K-Syntax. +* MMX, i386: i386-SIMD. +* mnemonic suffixes, i386: i386-Syntax. +* mnemonics for opcodes, VAX: VAX-opcodes. +* mnemonics, D10V: D10V-Opcodes. +* mnemonics, D30V: D30V-Opcodes. +* mnemonics, H8/300: H8/300 Opcodes. +* mnemonics, H8/500: H8/500 Opcodes. +* mnemonics, SH: SH Opcodes. +* mnemonics, Z8000: Z8000 Opcodes. +* Motorola syntax for the 680x0: M68K-Moto-Syntax. +* MRI compatibility mode: M. +* mri directive: MRI. +* MRI mode, temporarily: MRI. +* mul instruction, i386: i386-Notes. +* name: Z8000 Directives. +* named section: Section. +* named sections: Ld Sections. +* names, symbol: Symbol Names. +* naming object file: o. +* new page, in listings: Eject. +* newline (\n): Strings. +* newline, required at file end: Statements. +* nolist directive: Nolist. +* NOP pseudo op, ARM: ARM Opcodes. +* null-terminated strings: Asciz. +* number constants: Numbers. +* number of macros executed: Macro. +* numbered subsections: Sub-Sections. +* numbers, 16-bit: hword. +* numeric values: Expressions. +* nword directive, SPARC: Sparc-Directives. +* object file: Object. +* object file format: Object Formats. +* object file name: o. +* object file, after errors: Z. +* obsolescent directives: Deprecated. +* octa directive: Octa. +* octal character code (\DDD): Strings. +* octal integers: Integers. +* offset directive, V850: V850 Directives. +* opcode mnemonics, VAX: VAX-opcodes. +* opcode summary, D10V: D10V-Opcodes. +* opcode summary, D30V: D30V-Opcodes. +* opcode summary, H8/300: H8/300 Opcodes. +* opcode summary, H8/500: H8/500 Opcodes. +* opcode summary, SH: SH Opcodes. +* opcode summary, Z8000: Z8000 Opcodes. +* opcodes for AMD 29K: AMD29K Opcodes. +* opcodes for ARM: ARM Opcodes. +* opcodes for V850: V850 Opcodes. +* opcodes, i960: Opcodes for i960. +* opcodes, M680x0: M68K-opcodes. +* operand delimiters, i386: i386-Syntax. +* operand notation, VAX: VAX-operands. +* operands in expressions: Arguments. +* operator precedence: Infix Ops. +* operators, in expressions: Operators. +* operators, permitted arguments: Infix Ops. +* optimization, D10V: Overview. +* optimization, D30V: Overview. +* option summary: Overview. +* options for AMD29K (none): AMD29K Options. +* options for ARC: ARC-Opts. +* options for ARM (none): ARM Options. +* options for i386 (none): i386-Options. +* options for SPARC: Sparc-Opts. +* options for V850 (none): V850 Options. +* options for VAX/VMS: VAX-Opts. +* options, all versions of assembler: Invoking. +* options, command line: Command Line. +* options, D10V: D10V-Opts. +* options, D30V: D30V-Opts. +* options, H8/300 (none): H8/300 Options. +* options, H8/500 (none): H8/500 Options. +* options, i960: Options-i960. +* options, M680x0: M68K-Opts. +* options, PJ: PJ Options. +* options, SH (none): SH Options. +* options, Z8000: Z8000 Options. +* org directive: Org. +* other attribute, of a.out symbol: Symbol Other. +* output file: Object. +* p2align directive: P2align. +* p2alignl directive: P2align. +* p2alignw directive: P2align. +* padding the location counter: Align. +* padding the location counter given a power of two: P2align. +* padding the location counter given number of bytes: Balign. +* page, in listings: Eject. +* paper size, for listings: Psize. +* paths for .include: I. +* patterns, writing in memory: Fill. +* PIC code generation for ARM: ARM Options. +* PJ endianness: Overview. +* PJ options: PJ Options. +* PJ support: PJ-Dependent. +* plus, permitted arguments: Infix Ops. +* precedence of operators: Infix Ops. +* precision, floating point: Flonums. +* prefix operators: Prefix Ops. +* prefixes, i386: i386-Prefixes. +* preprocessing: Preprocessing. +* preprocessing, turning on and off: Preprocessing. +* primary attributes, COFF symbols: COFF Symbols. +* print directive: Print. +* proc directive, SPARC: Sparc-Directives. +* protected directive: Visibility. +* protected registers, AMD 29K: AMD29K-Regs. +* pseudo-opcodes, M680x0: M68K-Branch. +* pseudo-ops for branch, VAX: VAX-branch. +* pseudo-ops, machine independent: Pseudo Ops. +* psize directive: Psize. +* psw register, V850: V850-Regs. +* purgem directive: Purgem. +* purpose of GNU assembler: GNU Assembler. +* quad directive: Quad. +* quad directive, i386: i386-Float. +* real-mode code, i386: i386-16bit. +* register directive, SPARC: Sparc-Directives. +* register names, AMD 29K: AMD29K-Regs. +* register names, ARM: ARM-Regs. +* register names, H8/300: H8/300-Regs. +* register names, V850: V850-Regs. +* register names, VAX: VAX-operands. +* register operands, i386: i386-Syntax. +* registers, D10V: D10V-Regs. +* registers, D30V: D30V-Regs. +* registers, H8/500: H8/500-Regs. +* registers, i386: i386-Regs. +* registers, SH: SH-Regs. +* registers, Z8000: Z8000-Regs. +* relocation: Sections. +* relocation example: Ld Sections. +* repeat prefixes, i386: i386-Prefixes. +* reporting bugs in assembler: Reporting Bugs. +* rept directive: Rept. +* req directive, ARM: ARM Directives. +* reserve directive, SPARC: Sparc-Directives. +* return instructions, i386: i386-Syntax. +* rsect: Z8000 Directives. +* sbttl directive: Sbttl. +* scl directive: Scl. +* sdaoff pseudo-op, V850: V850 Opcodes. +* search path for .include: I. +* sect directive, AMD 29K: AMD29K Directives. +* section directive: Section. +* section directive, V850: V850 Directives. +* section override prefixes, i386: i386-Prefixes. +* section-relative addressing: Secs Background. +* sections: Sections. +* sections in messages, internal: As Sections. +* sections, i386: i386-Syntax. +* sections, named: Ld Sections. +* seg directive, SPARC: Sparc-Directives. +* segm: Z8000 Directives. +* set directive: Set. +* SH addressing modes: SH-Addressing. +* SH floating point (IEEE): SH Floating Point. +* SH line comment character: SH-Chars. +* SH line separator: SH-Chars. +* SH machine directives: SH Directives. +* SH opcode summary: SH Opcodes. +* SH options (none): SH Options. +* SH registers: SH-Regs. +* SH support: SH-Dependent. +* short directive: Short. +* SIMD, i386: i386-SIMD. +* single character constant: Chars. +* single directive: Single. +* single directive, i386: i386-Float. +* sixteen bit integers: hword. +* sixteen byte integer: Octa. +* size directive: Size. +* size modifiers, D10V: D10V-Size. +* size modifiers, D30V: D30V-Size. +* size modifiers, M680x0: M68K-Syntax. +* size prefixes, i386: i386-Prefixes. +* size suffixes, H8/300: H8/300 Opcodes. +* sizes operands, i386: i386-Syntax. +* skip directive: Skip. +* skip directive, M680x0: M68K-Directives. +* skip directive, SPARC: Sparc-Directives. +* sleb128 directive: Sleb128. +* small objects, MIPS ECOFF: MIPS Object. +* SOM symbol attributes: SOM Symbols. +* source program: Input Files. +* source, destination operands; i386: i386-Syntax. +* sp register, V850: V850-Regs. +* space directive: Space. +* space used, maximum for assembly: statistics. +* SPARC architectures: Sparc-Opts. +* SPARC data alignment: Sparc-Aligned-Data. +* SPARC floating point (IEEE): Sparc-Float. +* SPARC machine directives: Sparc-Directives. +* SPARC options: Sparc-Opts. +* SPARC support: Sparc-Dependent. +* special characters, M680x0: M68K-Chars. +* special purpose registers, AMD 29K: AMD29K-Regs. +* stabd directive: Stab. +* stabn directive: Stab. +* stabs directive: Stab. +* stabX directives: Stab. +* standard assembler sections: Secs Background. +* standard input, as input file: Command Line. +* statement separator character: Statements. +* statement separator, ARM: ARM-Chars. +* statement separator, H8/300: H8/300-Chars. +* statement separator, H8/500: H8/500-Chars. +* statement separator, SH: SH-Chars. +* statement separator, Z8000: Z8000-Chars. +* statements, structure of: Statements. +* statistics, about assembly: statistics. +* stopping the assembly: Abort. +* string constants: Strings. +* string directive: String. +* string directive on HPPA: HPPA Directives. +* string literals: Ascii. +* string, copying to object file: String. +* struct directive: Struct. +* structure debugging, COFF: Tag. +* sub-instruction ordering, D10V: D10V-Chars. +* sub-instruction ordering, D30V: D30V-Chars. +* sub-instructions, D10V: D10V-Subs. +* sub-instructions, D30V: D30V-Subs. +* subexpressions: Arguments. +* subtitles for listings: Sbttl. +* subtraction, permitted arguments: Infix Ops. +* summary of options: Overview. +* support: HPPA-Dependent. +* supporting files, including: Include. +* suppressing warnings: W. +* sval: Z8000 Directives. +* symbol attributes: Symbol Attributes. +* symbol attributes, a.out: a.out Symbols. +* symbol attributes, COFF: COFF Symbols. +* symbol attributes, SOM: SOM Symbols. +* symbol descriptor, COFF: Desc. +* symbol names: Symbol Names. +* symbol names, $ in <1>: SH-Chars. +* symbol names, $ in <2>: H8/500-Chars. +* symbol names, $ in <3>: D30V-Chars. +* symbol names, $ in: D10V-Chars. +* symbol names, local: Symbol Names. +* symbol names, temporary: Symbol Names. +* symbol storage class (COFF): Scl. +* symbol type: Symbol Type. +* symbol type, COFF: Type. +* symbol value: Symbol Value. +* symbol value, setting: Set. +* symbol values, assigning: Setting Symbols. +* symbol versioning: Symver. +* symbol visibility: Visibility. +* symbol, common: Comm. +* symbol, making visible to linker: Global. +* symbolic debuggers, information for: Stab. +* symbols: Symbols. +* symbols with uppercase, VAX/VMS: VAX-Opts. +* symbols, assigning values to: Equ. +* symbols, local common: Lcomm. +* symver directive: Symver. +* syntax compatibility, i386: i386-Syntax. +* syntax, D10V: D10V-Syntax. +* syntax, D30V: D30V-Syntax. +* syntax, M680x0: M68K-Syntax. +* syntax, machine-independent: Syntax. +* sysproc directive, i960: Directives-i960. +* tab (\t): Strings. +* tag directive: Tag. +* tdaoff pseudo-op, V850: V850 Opcodes. +* temporary symbol names: Symbol Names. +* text and data sections, joining: R. +* text directive: Text. +* text section: Ld Sections. +* tfloat directive, i386: i386-Float. +* thumb directive, ARM: ARM Directives. +* Thumb support: ARM-Dependent. +* thumb_func directive, ARM: ARM Directives. +* thumb_set directive, ARM: ARM Directives. +* time, total for assembly: statistics. +* title directive: Title. +* tp register, V850: V850-Regs. +* trusted compiler: f. +* turning preprocessing on and off: Preprocessing. +* type directive: Type. +* type of a symbol: Symbol Type. +* ualong directive, SH: SH Directives. +* uaword directive, SH: SH Directives. +* uleb128 directive: Uleb128. +* undefined section: Ld Sections. +* unsegm: Z8000 Directives. +* use directive, AMD 29K: AMD29K Directives. +* V850 command line options: V850 Options. +* V850 floating point (IEEE): V850 Floating Point. +* V850 line comment character: V850-Chars. +* V850 machine directives: V850 Directives. +* V850 opcodes: V850 Opcodes. +* V850 options (none): V850 Options. +* V850 register names: V850-Regs. +* V850 support: V850-Dependent. +* val directive: Val. +* value attribute, COFF: Val. +* value of a symbol: Symbol Value. +* VAX bitfields not supported: VAX-no. +* VAX branch improvement: VAX-branch. +* VAX command-line options ignored: VAX-Opts. +* VAX displacement sizing character: VAX-operands. +* VAX floating point: VAX-float. +* VAX immediate character: VAX-operands. +* VAX indirect character: VAX-operands. +* VAX machine directives: VAX-directives. +* VAX opcode mnemonics: VAX-opcodes. +* VAX operand notation: VAX-operands. +* VAX register names: VAX-operands. +* VAX support: Vax-Dependent. +* Vax-11 C compatibility: VAX-Opts. +* VAX/VMS options: VAX-Opts. +* version of assembler: v. +* versions of symbols: Symver. +* VMS (VAX) options: VAX-Opts. +* warning for altered difference tables: K. +* warning messages: Errors. +* warnings, causing error: W. +* warnings, suppressing: W. +* warnings, switching on: W. +* whitespace: Whitespace. +* whitespace, removed by preprocessor: Preprocessing. +* wide floating point directives, VAX: VAX-directives. +* word directive: Word. +* word directive, H8/300: H8/300 Directives. +* word directive, H8/500: H8/500 Directives. +* word directive, i386: i386-Float. +* word directive, SPARC: Sparc-Directives. +* writing patterns in memory: Fill. +* wval: Z8000 Directives. +* xword directive, SPARC: Sparc-Directives. +* Z800 addressing modes: Z8000-Addressing. +* Z8000 directives: Z8000 Directives. +* Z8000 line comment character: Z8000-Chars. +* Z8000 line separator: Z8000-Chars. +* Z8000 opcode summary: Z8000 Opcodes. +* Z8000 options: Z8000 Options. +* Z8000 registers: Z8000-Regs. +* Z8000 support: Z8000-Dependent. +* zdaoff pseudo-op, V850: V850 Opcodes. +* zero register, V850: V850-Regs. +* zero-terminated strings: Asciz. + + diff --git a/gnu/usr.bin/binutils/gas/doc/gasver.texi b/gnu/usr.bin/binutils/gas/doc/gasver.texi index b696ac718c9..4c75b622163 100644 --- a/gnu/usr.bin/binutils/gas/doc/gasver.texi +++ b/gnu/usr.bin/binutils/gas/doc/gasver.texi @@ -1 +1 @@ -@set VERSION 2.10 +@set VERSION 2.10.1 diff --git a/gnu/usr.bin/binutils/gprof/gprof.info-1 b/gnu/usr.bin/binutils/gprof/gprof.info-1 new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..b631818c52d --- /dev/null +++ b/gnu/usr.bin/binutils/gprof/gprof.info-1 @@ -0,0 +1,1121 @@ +This is gprof.info, produced by makeinfo version 4.0 from gprof.texi. + +START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY +* gprof: (gprof). Profiling your program's execution +END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY + + This file documents the gprof profiler of the GNU system. + + Copyright (C) 1988, 92, 97, 98, 99, 2000 Free Software Foundation, +Inc. + + Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this +manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are +preserved on all copies. + + Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of +this manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that +the entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a +permission notice identical to this one. + + Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this +manual into another language, under the above conditions for modified +versions. + + +File: gprof.info, Node: Top, Next: Introduction, Up: (dir) + +Profiling a Program: Where Does It Spend Its Time? +************************************************** + + This manual describes the GNU profiler, `gprof', and how you can use +it to determine which parts of a program are taking most of the +execution time. We assume that you know how to write, compile, and +execute programs. GNU `gprof' was written by Jay Fenlason. + +* Menu: + +* Introduction:: What profiling means, and why it is useful. + +* Compiling:: How to compile your program for profiling. +* Executing:: Executing your program to generate profile data +* Invoking:: How to run `gprof', and its options + +* Output:: Interpreting `gprof''s output + +* Inaccuracy:: Potential problems you should be aware of +* How do I?:: Answers to common questions +* Incompatibilities:: (between GNU `gprof' and Unix `gprof'.) +* Details:: Details of how profiling is done + + +File: gprof.info, Node: Introduction, Next: Compiling, Prev: Top, Up: Top + +Introduction to Profiling +************************* + + Profiling allows you to learn where your program spent its time and +which functions called which other functions while it was executing. +This information can show you which pieces of your program are slower +than you expected, and might be candidates for rewriting to make your +program execute faster. It can also tell you which functions are being +called more or less often than you expected. This may help you spot +bugs that had otherwise been unnoticed. + + Since the profiler uses information collected during the actual +execution of your program, it can be used on programs that are too +large or too complex to analyze by reading the source. However, how +your program is run will affect the information that shows up in the +profile data. If you don't use some feature of your program while it +is being profiled, no profile information will be generated for that +feature. + + Profiling has several steps: + + * You must compile and link your program with profiling enabled. + *Note Compiling::. + + * You must execute your program to generate a profile data file. + *Note Executing::. + + * You must run `gprof' to analyze the profile data. *Note + Invoking::. + + The next three chapters explain these steps in greater detail. + + Several forms of output are available from the analysis. + + The "flat profile" shows how much time your program spent in each +function, and how many times that function was called. If you simply +want to know which functions burn most of the cycles, it is stated +concisely here. *Note Flat Profile::. + + The "call graph" shows, for each function, which functions called +it, which other functions it called, and how many times. There is also +an estimate of how much time was spent in the subroutines of each +function. This can suggest places where you might try to eliminate +function calls that use a lot of time. *Note Call Graph::. + + The "annotated source" listing is a copy of the program's source +code, labeled with the number of times each line of the program was +executed. *Note Annotated Source::. + + To better understand how profiling works, you may wish to read a +description of its implementation. *Note Implementation::. + + +File: gprof.info, Node: Compiling, Next: Executing, Prev: Introduction, Up: Top + +Compiling a Program for Profiling +********************************* + + The first step in generating profile information for your program is +to compile and link it with profiling enabled. + + To compile a source file for profiling, specify the `-pg' option when +you run the compiler. (This is in addition to the options you normally +use.) + + To link the program for profiling, if you use a compiler such as `cc' +to do the linking, simply specify `-pg' in addition to your usual +options. The same option, `-pg', alters either compilation or linking +to do what is necessary for profiling. Here are examples: + + cc -g -c myprog.c utils.c -pg + cc -o myprog myprog.o utils.o -pg + + The `-pg' option also works with a command that both compiles and +links: + + cc -o myprog myprog.c utils.c -g -pg + + If you run the linker `ld' directly instead of through a compiler +such as `cc', you may have to specify a profiling startup file +`gcrt0.o' as the first input file instead of the usual startup file +`crt0.o'. In addition, you would probably want to specify the +profiling C library, `libc_p.a', by writing `-lc_p' instead of the +usual `-lc'. This is not absolutely necessary, but doing this gives +you number-of-calls information for standard library functions such as +`read' and `open'. For example: + + ld -o myprog /lib/gcrt0.o myprog.o utils.o -lc_p + + If you compile only some of the modules of the program with `-pg', +you can still profile the program, but you won't get complete +information about the modules that were compiled without `-pg'. The +only information you get for the functions in those modules is the +total time spent in them; there is no record of how many times they +were called, or from where. This will not affect the flat profile +(except that the `calls' field for the functions will be blank), but +will greatly reduce the usefulness of the call graph. + + If you wish to perform line-by-line profiling, you will also need to +specify the `-g' option, instructing the compiler to insert debugging +symbols into the program that match program addresses to source code +lines. *Note Line-by-line::. + + In addition to the `-pg' and `-g' options, you may also wish to +specify the `-a' option when compiling. This will instrument the +program to perform basic-block counting. As the program runs, it will +count how many times it executed each branch of each `if' statement, +each iteration of each `do' loop, etc. This will enable `gprof' to +construct an annotated source code listing showing how many times each +line of code was executed. + + +File: gprof.info, Node: Executing, Next: Invoking, Prev: Compiling, Up: Top + +Executing the Program +********************* + + Once the program is compiled for profiling, you must run it in order +to generate the information that `gprof' needs. Simply run the program +as usual, using the normal arguments, file names, etc. The program +should run normally, producing the same output as usual. It will, +however, run somewhat slower than normal because of the time spent +collecting and the writing the profile data. + + The way you run the program--the arguments and input that you give +it--may have a dramatic effect on what the profile information shows. +The profile data will describe the parts of the program that were +activated for the particular input you use. For example, if the first +command you give to your program is to quit, the profile data will show +the time used in initialization and in cleanup, but not much else. + + Your program will write the profile data into a file called +`gmon.out' just before exiting. If there is already a file called +`gmon.out', its contents are overwritten. There is currently no way to +tell the program to write the profile data under a different name, but +you can rename the file afterward if you are concerned that it may be +overwritten. + + In order to write the `gmon.out' file properly, your program must +exit normally: by returning from `main' or by calling `exit'. Calling +the low-level function `_exit' does not write the profile data, and +neither does abnormal termination due to an unhandled signal. + + The `gmon.out' file is written in the program's _current working +directory_ at the time it exits. This means that if your program calls +`chdir', the `gmon.out' file will be left in the last directory your +program `chdir''d to. If you don't have permission to write in this +directory, the file is not written, and you will get an error message. + + Older versions of the GNU profiling library may also write a file +called `bb.out'. This file, if present, contains an human-readable +listing of the basic-block execution counts. Unfortunately, the +appearance of a human-readable `bb.out' means the basic-block counts +didn't get written into `gmon.out'. The Perl script `bbconv.pl', +included with the `gprof' source distribution, will convert a `bb.out' +file into a format readable by `gprof'. + + +File: gprof.info, Node: Invoking, Next: Output, Prev: Executing, Up: Top + +`gprof' Command Summary +*********************** + + After you have a profile data file `gmon.out', you can run `gprof' +to interpret the information in it. The `gprof' program prints a flat +profile and a call graph on standard output. Typically you would +redirect the output of `gprof' into a file with `>'. + + You run `gprof' like this: + + gprof OPTIONS [EXECUTABLE-FILE [PROFILE-DATA-FILES...]] [> OUTFILE] + +Here square-brackets indicate optional arguments. + + If you omit the executable file name, the file `a.out' is used. If +you give no profile data file name, the file `gmon.out' is used. If +any file is not in the proper format, or if the profile data file does +not appear to belong to the executable file, an error message is +printed. + + You can give more than one profile data file by entering all their +names after the executable file name; then the statistics in all the +data files are summed together. + + The order of these options does not matter. + +* Menu: + +* Output Options:: Controlling `gprof''s output style +* Analysis Options:: Controlling how `gprof' analyses its data +* Miscellaneous Options:: +* Deprecated Options:: Options you no longer need to use, but which + have been retained for compatibility +* Symspecs:: Specifying functions to include or exclude + + +File: gprof.info, Node: Output Options, Next: Analysis Options, Up: Invoking + +Output Options +============== + + These options specify which of several output formats `gprof' should +produce. + + Many of these options take an optional "symspec" to specify +functions to be included or excluded. These options can be specified +multiple times, with different symspecs, to include or exclude sets of +symbols. *Note Symspecs::. + + Specifying any of these options overrides the default (`-p -q'), +which prints a flat profile and call graph analysis for all functions. + +`-A[SYMSPEC]' +`--annotated-source[=SYMSPEC]' + The `-A' option causes `gprof' to print annotated source code. If + SYMSPEC is specified, print output only for matching symbols. + *Note Annotated Source::. + +`-b' +`--brief' + If the `-b' option is given, `gprof' doesn't print the verbose + blurbs that try to explain the meaning of all of the fields in the + tables. This is useful if you intend to print out the output, or + are tired of seeing the blurbs. + +`-C[SYMSPEC]' +`--exec-counts[=SYMSPEC]' + The `-C' option causes `gprof' to print a tally of functions and + the number of times each was called. If SYMSPEC is specified, + print tally only for matching symbols. + + If the profile data file contains basic-block count records, + specifying the `-l' option, along with `-C', will cause basic-block + execution counts to be tallied and displayed. + +`-i' +`--file-info' + The `-i' option causes `gprof' to display summary information + about the profile data file(s) and then exit. The number of + histogram, call graph, and basic-block count records is displayed. + +`-I DIRS' +`--directory-path=DIRS' + The `-I' option specifies a list of search directories in which to + find source files. Environment variable GPROF_PATH can also be + used to convey this information. Used mostly for annotated source + output. + +`-J[SYMSPEC]' +`--no-annotated-source[=SYMSPEC]' + The `-J' option causes `gprof' not to print annotated source code. + If SYMSPEC is specified, `gprof' prints annotated source, but + excludes matching symbols. + +`-L' +`--print-path' + Normally, source filenames are printed with the path component + suppressed. The `-L' option causes `gprof' to print the full + pathname of source filenames, which is determined from symbolic + debugging information in the image file and is relative to the + directory in which the compiler was invoked. + +`-p[SYMSPEC]' +`--flat-profile[=SYMSPEC]' + The `-p' option causes `gprof' to print a flat profile. If + SYMSPEC is specified, print flat profile only for matching symbols. + *Note Flat Profile::. + +`-P[SYMSPEC]' +`--no-flat-profile[=SYMSPEC]' + The `-P' option causes `gprof' to suppress printing a flat profile. + If SYMSPEC is specified, `gprof' prints a flat profile, but + excludes matching symbols. + +`-q[SYMSPEC]' +`--graph[=SYMSPEC]' + The `-q' option causes `gprof' to print the call graph analysis. + If SYMSPEC is specified, print call graph only for matching symbols + and their children. *Note Call Graph::. + +`-Q[SYMSPEC]' +`--no-graph[=SYMSPEC]' + The `-Q' option causes `gprof' to suppress printing the call graph. + If SYMSPEC is specified, `gprof' prints a call graph, but excludes + matching symbols. + +`-y' +`--separate-files' + This option affects annotated source output only. Normally, + `gprof' prints annotated source files to standard-output. If this + option is specified, annotated source for a file named + `path/FILENAME' is generated in the file `FILENAME-ann'. If the + underlying filesystem would truncate `FILENAME-ann' so that it + overwrites the original `FILENAME', `gprof' generates annotated + source in the file `FILENAME.ann' instead (if the original file + name has an extension, that extension is _replaced_ with `.ann'). + +`-Z[SYMSPEC]' +`--no-exec-counts[=SYMSPEC]' + The `-Z' option causes `gprof' not to print a tally of functions + and the number of times each was called. If SYMSPEC is specified, + print tally, but exclude matching symbols. + +`--function-ordering' + The `--function-ordering' option causes `gprof' to print a + suggested function ordering for the program based on profiling + data. This option suggests an ordering which may improve paging, + tlb and cache behavior for the program on systems which support + arbitrary ordering of functions in an executable. + + The exact details of how to force the linker to place functions in + a particular order is system dependent and out of the scope of this + manual. + +`--file-ordering MAP_FILE' + The `--file-ordering' option causes `gprof' to print a suggested + .o link line ordering for the program based on profiling data. + This option suggests an ordering which may improve paging, tlb and + cache behavior for the program on systems which do not support + arbitrary ordering of functions in an executable. + + Use of the `-a' argument is highly recommended with this option. + + The MAP_FILE argument is a pathname to a file which provides + function name to object file mappings. The format of the file is + similar to the output of the program `nm'. + + c-parse.o:00000000 T yyparse + c-parse.o:00000004 C yyerrflag + c-lang.o:00000000 T maybe_objc_method_name + c-lang.o:00000000 T print_lang_statistics + c-lang.o:00000000 T recognize_objc_keyword + c-decl.o:00000000 T print_lang_identifier + c-decl.o:00000000 T print_lang_type + ... + + To create a MAP_FILE with GNU `nm', type a command like `nm + --extern-only --defined-only -v --print-file-name program-name'. + +`-T' +`--traditional' + The `-T' option causes `gprof' to print its output in + "traditional" BSD style. + +`-w WIDTH' +`--width=WIDTH' + Sets width of output lines to WIDTH. Currently only used when + printing the function index at the bottom of the call graph. + +`-x' +`--all-lines' + This option affects annotated source output only. By default, + only the lines at the beginning of a basic-block are annotated. + If this option is specified, every line in a basic-block is + annotated by repeating the annotation for the first line. This + behavior is similar to `tcov''s `-a'. + +`--demangle' +`--no-demangle' + These options control whether C++ symbol names should be demangled + when printing output. The default is to demangle symbols. The + `--no-demangle' option may be used to turn off demangling. + + +File: gprof.info, Node: Analysis Options, Next: Miscellaneous Options, Prev: Output Options, Up: Invoking + +Analysis Options +================ + +`-a' +`--no-static' + The `-a' option causes `gprof' to suppress the printing of + statically declared (private) functions. (These are functions + whose names are not listed as global, and which are not visible + outside the file/function/block where they were defined.) Time + spent in these functions, calls to/from them, etc, will all be + attributed to the function that was loaded directly before it in + the executable file. This option affects both the flat profile + and the call graph. + +`-c' +`--static-call-graph' + The `-c' option causes the call graph of the program to be + augmented by a heuristic which examines the text space of the + object file and identifies function calls in the binary machine + code. Since normal call graph records are only generated when + functions are entered, this option identifies children that could + have been called, but never were. Calls to functions that were + not compiled with profiling enabled are also identified, but only + if symbol table entries are present for them. Calls to dynamic + library routines are typically _not_ found by this option. + Parents or children identified via this heuristic are indicated in + the call graph with call counts of `0'. + +`-D' +`--ignore-non-functions' + The `-D' option causes `gprof' to ignore symbols which are not + known to be functions. This option will give more accurate + profile data on systems where it is supported (Solaris and HPUX for + example). + +`-k FROM/TO' + The `-k' option allows you to delete from the call graph any arcs + from symbols matching symspec FROM to those matching symspec TO. + +`-l' +`--line' + The `-l' option enables line-by-line profiling, which causes + histogram hits to be charged to individual source code lines, + instead of functions. If the program was compiled with + basic-block counting enabled, this option will also identify how + many times each line of code was executed. While line-by-line + profiling can help isolate where in a large function a program is + spending its time, it also significantly increases the running + time of `gprof', and magnifies statistical inaccuracies. *Note + Sampling Error::. + +`-m NUM' +`--min-count=NUM' + This option affects execution count output only. Symbols that are + executed less than NUM times are suppressed. + +`-n[SYMSPEC]' +`--time[=SYMSPEC]' + The `-n' option causes `gprof', in its call graph analysis, to + only propagate times for symbols matching SYMSPEC. + +`-N[SYMSPEC]' +`--no-time[=SYMSPEC]' + The `-n' option causes `gprof', in its call graph analysis, not to + propagate times for symbols matching SYMSPEC. + +`-z' +`--display-unused-functions' + If you give the `-z' option, `gprof' will mention all functions in + the flat profile, even those that were never called, and that had + no time spent in them. This is useful in conjunction with the + `-c' option for discovering which routines were never called. + + +File: gprof.info, Node: Miscellaneous Options, Next: Deprecated Options, Prev: Analysis Options, Up: Invoking + +Miscellaneous Options +===================== + +`-d[NUM]' +`--debug[=NUM]' + The `-d NUM' option specifies debugging options. If NUM is not + specified, enable all debugging. *Note Debugging::. + +`-ONAME' +`--file-format=NAME' + Selects the format of the profile data files. Recognized formats + are `auto' (the default), `bsd', `4.4bsd', `magic', and `prof' + (not yet supported). + +`-s' +`--sum' + The `-s' option causes `gprof' to summarize the information in the + profile data files it read in, and write out a profile data file + called `gmon.sum', which contains all the information from the + profile data files that `gprof' read in. The file `gmon.sum' may + be one of the specified input files; the effect of this is to + merge the data in the other input files into `gmon.sum'. + + Eventually you can run `gprof' again without `-s' to analyze the + cumulative data in the file `gmon.sum'. + +`-v' +`--version' + The `-v' flag causes `gprof' to print the current version number, + and then exit. + + +File: gprof.info, Node: Deprecated Options, Next: Symspecs, Prev: Miscellaneous Options, Up: Invoking + +Deprecated Options +================== + + These options have been replaced with newer versions that use + symspecs. + +`-e FUNCTION_NAME' + The `-e FUNCTION' option tells `gprof' to not print information + about the function FUNCTION_NAME (and its children...) in the call + graph. The function will still be listed as a child of any + functions that call it, but its index number will be shown as + `[not printed]'. More than one `-e' option may be given; only one + FUNCTION_NAME may be indicated with each `-e' option. + +`-E FUNCTION_NAME' + The `-E FUNCTION' option works like the `-e' option, but time + spent in the function (and children who were not called from + anywhere else), will not be used to compute the + percentages-of-time for the call graph. More than one `-E' option + may be given; only one FUNCTION_NAME may be indicated with each + `-E' option. + +`-f FUNCTION_NAME' + The `-f FUNCTION' option causes `gprof' to limit the call graph to + the function FUNCTION_NAME and its children (and their + children...). More than one `-f' option may be given; only one + FUNCTION_NAME may be indicated with each `-f' option. + +`-F FUNCTION_NAME' + The `-F FUNCTION' option works like the `-f' option, but only time + spent in the function and its children (and their children...) + will be used to determine total-time and percentages-of-time for + the call graph. More than one `-F' option may be given; only one + FUNCTION_NAME may be indicated with each `-F' option. The `-F' + option overrides the `-E' option. + + Note that only one function can be specified with each `-e', `-E', +`-f' or `-F' option. To specify more than one function, use multiple +options. For example, this command: + + gprof -e boring -f foo -f bar myprogram > gprof.output + +lists in the call graph all functions that were reached from either +`foo' or `bar' and were not reachable from `boring'. + + +File: gprof.info, Node: Symspecs, Prev: Deprecated Options, Up: Invoking + +Symspecs +======== + + Many of the output options allow functions to be included or excluded +using "symspecs" (symbol specifications), which observe the following +syntax: + + filename_containing_a_dot + | funcname_not_containing_a_dot + | linenumber + | ( [ any_filename ] `:' ( any_funcname | linenumber ) ) + + Here are some sample symspecs: + +`main.c' + Selects everything in file `main.c'--the dot in the string tells + `gprof' to interpret the string as a filename, rather than as a + function name. To select a file whose name does not contain a + dot, a trailing colon should be specified. For example, `odd:' is + interpreted as the file named `odd'. + +`main' + Selects all functions named `main'. + + Note that there may be multiple instances of the same function name + because some of the definitions may be local (i.e., static). + Unless a function name is unique in a program, you must use the + colon notation explained below to specify a function from a + specific source file. + + Sometimes, function names contain dots. In such cases, it is + necessary to add a leading colon to the name. For example, + `:.mul' selects function `.mul'. + + In some object file formats, symbols have a leading underscore. + `gprof' will normally not print these underscores. When you name a + symbol in a symspec, you should type it exactly as `gprof' prints + it in its output. For example, if the compiler produces a symbol + `_main' from your `main' function, `gprof' still prints it as + `main' in its output, so you should use `main' in symspecs. + +`main.c:main' + Selects function `main' in file `main.c'. + +`main.c:134' + Selects line 134 in file `main.c'. + + +File: gprof.info, Node: Output, Next: Inaccuracy, Prev: Invoking, Up: Top + +Interpreting `gprof''s Output +***************************** + + `gprof' can produce several different output styles, the most +important of which are described below. The simplest output styles +(file information, execution count, and function and file ordering) are +not described here, but are documented with the respective options that +trigger them. *Note Output Options::. + +* Menu: + +* Flat Profile:: The flat profile shows how much time was spent + executing directly in each function. +* Call Graph:: The call graph shows which functions called which + others, and how much time each function used + when its subroutine calls are included. +* Line-by-line:: `gprof' can analyze individual source code lines +* Annotated Source:: The annotated source listing displays source code + labeled with execution counts + + +File: gprof.info, Node: Flat Profile, Next: Call Graph, Up: Output + +The Flat Profile +================ + + The "flat profile" shows the total amount of time your program spent +executing each function. Unless the `-z' option is given, functions +with no apparent time spent in them, and no apparent calls to them, are +not mentioned. Note that if a function was not compiled for profiling, +and didn't run long enough to show up on the program counter histogram, +it will be indistinguishable from a function that was never called. + + This is part of a flat profile for a small program: + + Flat profile: + + Each sample counts as 0.01 seconds. + % cumulative self self total + time seconds seconds calls ms/call ms/call name + 33.34 0.02 0.02 7208 0.00 0.00 open + 16.67 0.03 0.01 244 0.04 0.12 offtime + 16.67 0.04 0.01 8 1.25 1.25 memccpy + 16.67 0.05 0.01 7 1.43 1.43 write + 16.67 0.06 0.01 mcount + 0.00 0.06 0.00 236 0.00 0.00 tzset + 0.00 0.06 0.00 192 0.00 0.00 tolower + 0.00 0.06 0.00 47 0.00 0.00 strlen + 0.00 0.06 0.00 45 0.00 0.00 strchr + 0.00 0.06 0.00 1 0.00 50.00 main + 0.00 0.06 0.00 1 0.00 0.00 memcpy + 0.00 0.06 0.00 1 0.00 10.11 print + 0.00 0.06 0.00 1 0.00 0.00 profil + 0.00 0.06 0.00 1 0.00 50.00 report + ... + +The functions are sorted by first by decreasing run-time spent in them, +then by decreasing number of calls, then alphabetically by name. The +functions `mcount' and `profil' are part of the profiling apparatus and +appear in every flat profile; their time gives a measure of the amount +of overhead due to profiling. + + Just before the column headers, a statement appears indicating how +much time each sample counted as. This "sampling period" estimates the +margin of error in each of the time figures. A time figure that is not +much larger than this is not reliable. In this example, each sample +counted as 0.01 seconds, suggesting a 100 Hz sampling rate. The +program's total execution time was 0.06 seconds, as indicated by the +`cumulative seconds' field. Since each sample counted for 0.01 +seconds, this means only six samples were taken during the run. Two of +the samples occurred while the program was in the `open' function, as +indicated by the `self seconds' field. Each of the other four samples +occurred one each in `offtime', `memccpy', `write', and `mcount'. +Since only six samples were taken, none of these values can be regarded +as particularly reliable. In another run, the `self seconds' field for +`mcount' might well be `0.00' or `0.02'. *Note Sampling Error::, for a +complete discussion. + + The remaining functions in the listing (those whose `self seconds' +field is `0.00') didn't appear in the histogram samples at all. +However, the call graph indicated that they were called, so therefore +they are listed, sorted in decreasing order by the `calls' field. +Clearly some time was spent executing these functions, but the paucity +of histogram samples prevents any determination of how much time each +took. + + Here is what the fields in each line mean: + +`% time' + This is the percentage of the total execution time your program + spent in this function. These should all add up to 100%. + +`cumulative seconds' + This is the cumulative total number of seconds the computer spent + executing this functions, plus the time spent in all the functions + above this one in this table. + +`self seconds' + This is the number of seconds accounted for by this function alone. + The flat profile listing is sorted first by this number. + +`calls' + This is the total number of times the function was called. If the + function was never called, or the number of times it was called + cannot be determined (probably because the function was not + compiled with profiling enabled), the "calls" field is blank. + +`self ms/call' + This represents the average number of milliseconds spent in this + function per call, if this function is profiled. Otherwise, this + field is blank for this function. + +`total ms/call' + This represents the average number of milliseconds spent in this + function and its descendants per call, if this function is + profiled. Otherwise, this field is blank for this function. This + is the only field in the flat profile that uses call graph + analysis. + +`name' + This is the name of the function. The flat profile is sorted by + this field alphabetically after the "self seconds" and "calls" + fields are sorted. + + +File: gprof.info, Node: Call Graph, Next: Line-by-line, Prev: Flat Profile, Up: Output + +The Call Graph +============== + + The "call graph" shows how much time was spent in each function and +its children. From this information, you can find functions that, +while they themselves may not have used much time, called other +functions that did use unusual amounts of time. + + Here is a sample call from a small program. This call came from the +same `gprof' run as the flat profile example in the previous chapter. + + granularity: each sample hit covers 2 byte(s) for 20.00% of 0.05 seconds + + index % time self children called name + <spontaneous> + [1] 100.0 0.00 0.05 start [1] + 0.00 0.05 1/1 main [2] + 0.00 0.00 1/2 on_exit [28] + 0.00 0.00 1/1 exit [59] + ----------------------------------------------- + 0.00 0.05 1/1 start [1] + [2] 100.0 0.00 0.05 1 main [2] + 0.00 0.05 1/1 report [3] + ----------------------------------------------- + 0.00 0.05 1/1 main [2] + [3] 100.0 0.00 0.05 1 report [3] + 0.00 0.03 8/8 timelocal [6] + 0.00 0.01 1/1 print [9] + 0.00 0.01 9/9 fgets [12] + 0.00 0.00 12/34 strncmp <cycle 1> [40] + 0.00 0.00 8/8 lookup [20] + 0.00 0.00 1/1 fopen [21] + 0.00 0.00 8/8 chewtime [24] + 0.00 0.00 8/16 skipspace [44] + ----------------------------------------------- + [4] 59.8 0.01 0.02 8+472 <cycle 2 as a whole> [4] + 0.01 0.02 244+260 offtime <cycle 2> [7] + 0.00 0.00 236+1 tzset <cycle 2> [26] + ----------------------------------------------- + + The lines full of dashes divide this table into "entries", one for +each function. Each entry has one or more lines. + + In each entry, the primary line is the one that starts with an index +number in square brackets. The end of this line says which function +the entry is for. The preceding lines in the entry describe the +callers of this function and the following lines describe its +subroutines (also called "children" when we speak of the call graph). + + The entries are sorted by time spent in the function and its +subroutines. + + The internal profiling function `mcount' (*note Flat Profile::) is +never mentioned in the call graph. + +* Menu: + +* Primary:: Details of the primary line's contents. +* Callers:: Details of caller-lines' contents. +* Subroutines:: Details of subroutine-lines' contents. +* Cycles:: When there are cycles of recursion, + such as `a' calls `b' calls `a'... + + +File: gprof.info, Node: Primary, Next: Callers, Up: Call Graph + +The Primary Line +---------------- + + The "primary line" in a call graph entry is the line that describes +the function which the entry is about and gives the overall statistics +for this function. + + For reference, we repeat the primary line from the entry for function +`report' in our main example, together with the heading line that shows +the names of the fields: + + index % time self children called name + ... + [3] 100.0 0.00 0.05 1 report [3] + + Here is what the fields in the primary line mean: + +`index' + Entries are numbered with consecutive integers. Each function + therefore has an index number, which appears at the beginning of + its primary line. + + Each cross-reference to a function, as a caller or subroutine of + another, gives its index number as well as its name. The index + number guides you if you wish to look for the entry for that + function. + +`% time' + This is the percentage of the total time that was spent in this + function, including time spent in subroutines called from this + function. + + The time spent in this function is counted again for the callers of + this function. Therefore, adding up these percentages is + meaningless. + +`self' + This is the total amount of time spent in this function. This + should be identical to the number printed in the `seconds' field + for this function in the flat profile. + +`children' + This is the total amount of time spent in the subroutine calls + made by this function. This should be equal to the sum of all the + `self' and `children' entries of the children listed directly + below this function. + +`called' + This is the number of times the function was called. + + If the function called itself recursively, there are two numbers, + separated by a `+'. The first number counts non-recursive calls, + and the second counts recursive calls. + + In the example above, the function `report' was called once from + `main'. + +`name' + This is the name of the current function. The index number is + repeated after it. + + If the function is part of a cycle of recursion, the cycle number + is printed between the function's name and the index number (*note + Cycles::). For example, if function `gnurr' is part of cycle + number one, and has index number twelve, its primary line would be + end like this: + + gnurr <cycle 1> [12] + + +File: gprof.info, Node: Callers, Next: Subroutines, Prev: Primary, Up: Call Graph + +Lines for a Function's Callers +------------------------------ + + A function's entry has a line for each function it was called by. +These lines' fields correspond to the fields of the primary line, but +their meanings are different because of the difference in context. + + For reference, we repeat two lines from the entry for the function +`report', the primary line and one caller-line preceding it, together +with the heading line that shows the names of the fields: + + index % time self children called name + ... + 0.00 0.05 1/1 main [2] + [3] 100.0 0.00 0.05 1 report [3] + + Here are the meanings of the fields in the caller-line for `report' +called from `main': + +`self' + An estimate of the amount of time spent in `report' itself when it + was called from `main'. + +`children' + An estimate of the amount of time spent in subroutines of `report' + when `report' was called from `main'. + + The sum of the `self' and `children' fields is an estimate of the + amount of time spent within calls to `report' from `main'. + +`called' + Two numbers: the number of times `report' was called from `main', + followed by the total number of non-recursive calls to `report' + from all its callers. + +`name and index number' + The name of the caller of `report' to which this line applies, + followed by the caller's index number. + + Not all functions have entries in the call graph; some options to + `gprof' request the omission of certain functions. When a caller + has no entry of its own, it still has caller-lines in the entries + of the functions it calls. + + If the caller is part of a recursion cycle, the cycle number is + printed between the name and the index number. + + If the identity of the callers of a function cannot be determined, a +dummy caller-line is printed which has `<spontaneous>' as the "caller's +name" and all other fields blank. This can happen for signal handlers. + + +File: gprof.info, Node: Subroutines, Next: Cycles, Prev: Callers, Up: Call Graph + +Lines for a Function's Subroutines +---------------------------------- + + A function's entry has a line for each of its subroutines--in other +words, a line for each other function that it called. These lines' +fields correspond to the fields of the primary line, but their meanings +are different because of the difference in context. + + For reference, we repeat two lines from the entry for the function +`main', the primary line and a line for a subroutine, together with the +heading line that shows the names of the fields: + + index % time self children called name + ... + [2] 100.0 0.00 0.05 1 main [2] + 0.00 0.05 1/1 report [3] + + Here are the meanings of the fields in the subroutine-line for `main' +calling `report': + +`self' + An estimate of the amount of time spent directly within `report' + when `report' was called from `main'. + +`children' + An estimate of the amount of time spent in subroutines of `report' + when `report' was called from `main'. + + The sum of the `self' and `children' fields is an estimate of the + total time spent in calls to `report' from `main'. + +`called' + Two numbers, the number of calls to `report' from `main' followed + by the total number of non-recursive calls to `report'. This + ratio is used to determine how much of `report''s `self' and + `children' time gets credited to `main'. *Note Assumptions::. + +`name' + The name of the subroutine of `main' to which this line applies, + followed by the subroutine's index number. + + If the caller is part of a recursion cycle, the cycle number is + printed between the name and the index number. + + +File: gprof.info, Node: Cycles, Prev: Subroutines, Up: Call Graph + +How Mutually Recursive Functions Are Described +---------------------------------------------- + + The graph may be complicated by the presence of "cycles of +recursion" in the call graph. A cycle exists if a function calls +another function that (directly or indirectly) calls (or appears to +call) the original function. For example: if `a' calls `b', and `b' +calls `a', then `a' and `b' form a cycle. + + Whenever there are call paths both ways between a pair of functions, +they belong to the same cycle. If `a' and `b' call each other and `b' +and `c' call each other, all three make one cycle. Note that even if +`b' only calls `a' if it was not called from `a', `gprof' cannot +determine this, so `a' and `b' are still considered a cycle. + + The cycles are numbered with consecutive integers. When a function +belongs to a cycle, each time the function name appears in the call +graph it is followed by `<cycle NUMBER>'. + + The reason cycles matter is that they make the time values in the +call graph paradoxical. The "time spent in children" of `a' should +include the time spent in its subroutine `b' and in `b''s +subroutines--but one of `b''s subroutines is `a'! How much of `a''s +time should be included in the children of `a', when `a' is indirectly +recursive? + + The way `gprof' resolves this paradox is by creating a single entry +for the cycle as a whole. The primary line of this entry describes the +total time spent directly in the functions of the cycle. The +"subroutines" of the cycle are the individual functions of the cycle, +and all other functions that were called directly by them. The +"callers" of the cycle are the functions, outside the cycle, that +called functions in the cycle. + + Here is an example portion of a call graph which shows a cycle +containing functions `a' and `b'. The cycle was entered by a call to +`a' from `main'; both `a' and `b' called `c'. + + index % time self children called name + ---------------------------------------- + 1.77 0 1/1 main [2] + [3] 91.71 1.77 0 1+5 <cycle 1 as a whole> [3] + 1.02 0 3 b <cycle 1> [4] + 0.75 0 2 a <cycle 1> [5] + ---------------------------------------- + 3 a <cycle 1> [5] + [4] 52.85 1.02 0 0 b <cycle 1> [4] + 2 a <cycle 1> [5] + 0 0 3/6 c [6] + ---------------------------------------- + 1.77 0 1/1 main [2] + 2 b <cycle 1> [4] + [5] 38.86 0.75 0 1 a <cycle 1> [5] + 3 b <cycle 1> [4] + 0 0 3/6 c [6] + ---------------------------------------- + +(The entire call graph for this program contains in addition an entry +for `main', which calls `a', and an entry for `c', with callers `a' and +`b'.) + + index % time self children called name + <spontaneous> + [1] 100.00 0 1.93 0 start [1] + 0.16 1.77 1/1 main [2] + ---------------------------------------- + 0.16 1.77 1/1 start [1] + [2] 100.00 0.16 1.77 1 main [2] + 1.77 0 1/1 a <cycle 1> [5] + ---------------------------------------- + 1.77 0 1/1 main [2] + [3] 91.71 1.77 0 1+5 <cycle 1 as a whole> [3] + 1.02 0 3 b <cycle 1> [4] + 0.75 0 2 a <cycle 1> [5] + 0 0 6/6 c [6] + ---------------------------------------- + 3 a <cycle 1> [5] + [4] 52.85 1.02 0 0 b <cycle 1> [4] + 2 a <cycle 1> [5] + 0 0 3/6 c [6] + ---------------------------------------- + 1.77 0 1/1 main [2] + 2 b <cycle 1> [4] + [5] 38.86 0.75 0 1 a <cycle 1> [5] + 3 b <cycle 1> [4] + 0 0 3/6 c [6] + ---------------------------------------- + 0 0 3/6 b <cycle 1> [4] + 0 0 3/6 a <cycle 1> [5] + [6] 0.00 0 0 6 c [6] + ---------------------------------------- + + The `self' field of the cycle's primary line is the total time spent +in all the functions of the cycle. It equals the sum of the `self' +fields for the individual functions in the cycle, found in the entry in +the subroutine lines for these functions. + + The `children' fields of the cycle's primary line and subroutine +lines count only subroutines outside the cycle. Even though `a' calls +`b', the time spent in those calls to `b' is not counted in `a''s +`children' time. Thus, we do not encounter the problem of what to do +when the time in those calls to `b' includes indirect recursive calls +back to `a'. + + The `children' field of a caller-line in the cycle's entry estimates +the amount of time spent _in the whole cycle_, and its other +subroutines, on the times when that caller called a function in the +cycle. + + The `calls' field in the primary line for the cycle has two numbers: +first, the number of times functions in the cycle were called by +functions outside the cycle; second, the number of times they were +called by functions in the cycle (including times when a function in +the cycle calls itself). This is a generalization of the usual split +into non-recursive and recursive calls. + + The `calls' field of a subroutine-line for a cycle member in the +cycle's entry says how many time that function was called from +functions in the cycle. The total of all these is the second number in +the primary line's `calls' field. + + In the individual entry for a function in a cycle, the other +functions in the same cycle can appear as subroutines and as callers. +These lines show how many times each function in the cycle called or +was called from each other function in the cycle. The `self' and +`children' fields in these lines are blank because of the difficulty of +defining meanings for them when recursion is going on. + diff --git a/gnu/usr.bin/binutils/gprof/gprof.info-2 b/gnu/usr.bin/binutils/gprof/gprof.info-2 new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..6cdfda58698 --- /dev/null +++ b/gnu/usr.bin/binutils/gprof/gprof.info-2 @@ -0,0 +1,760 @@ +This is gprof.info, produced by makeinfo version 4.0 from gprof.texi. + +START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY +* gprof: (gprof). Profiling your program's execution +END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY + + This file documents the gprof profiler of the GNU system. + + Copyright (C) 1988, 92, 97, 98, 99, 2000 Free Software Foundation, +Inc. + + Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this +manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are +preserved on all copies. + + Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of +this manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that +the entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a +permission notice identical to this one. + + Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this +manual into another language, under the above conditions for modified +versions. + + +File: gprof.info, Node: Line-by-line, Next: Annotated Source, Prev: Call Graph, Up: Output + +Line-by-line Profiling +====================== + + `gprof''s `-l' option causes the program to perform "line-by-line" +profiling. In this mode, histogram samples are assigned not to +functions, but to individual lines of source code. The program usually +must be compiled with a `-g' option, in addition to `-pg', in order to +generate debugging symbols for tracking source code lines. + + The flat profile is the most useful output table in line-by-line +mode. The call graph isn't as useful as normal, since the current +version of `gprof' does not propagate call graph arcs from source code +lines to the enclosing function. The call graph does, however, show +each line of code that called each function, along with a count. + + Here is a section of `gprof''s output, without line-by-line +profiling. Note that `ct_init' accounted for four histogram hits, and +13327 calls to `init_block'. + + Flat profile: + + Each sample counts as 0.01 seconds. + % cumulative self self total + time seconds seconds calls us/call us/call name + 30.77 0.13 0.04 6335 6.31 6.31 ct_init + + + Call graph (explanation follows) + + + granularity: each sample hit covers 4 byte(s) for 7.69% of 0.13 seconds + + index % time self children called name + + 0.00 0.00 1/13496 name_too_long + 0.00 0.00 40/13496 deflate + 0.00 0.00 128/13496 deflate_fast + 0.00 0.00 13327/13496 ct_init + [7] 0.0 0.00 0.00 13496 init_block + + Now let's look at some of `gprof''s output from the same program run, +this time with line-by-line profiling enabled. Note that `ct_init''s +four histogram hits are broken down into four lines of source code - +one hit occurred on each of lines 349, 351, 382 and 385. In the call +graph, note how `ct_init''s 13327 calls to `init_block' are broken down +into one call from line 396, 3071 calls from line 384, 3730 calls from +line 385, and 6525 calls from 387. + + Flat profile: + + Each sample counts as 0.01 seconds. + % cumulative self + time seconds seconds calls name + 7.69 0.10 0.01 ct_init (trees.c:349) + 7.69 0.11 0.01 ct_init (trees.c:351) + 7.69 0.12 0.01 ct_init (trees.c:382) + 7.69 0.13 0.01 ct_init (trees.c:385) + + + Call graph (explanation follows) + + + granularity: each sample hit covers 4 byte(s) for 7.69% of 0.13 seconds + + % time self children called name + + 0.00 0.00 1/13496 name_too_long (gzip.c:1440) + 0.00 0.00 1/13496 deflate (deflate.c:763) + 0.00 0.00 1/13496 ct_init (trees.c:396) + 0.00 0.00 2/13496 deflate (deflate.c:727) + 0.00 0.00 4/13496 deflate (deflate.c:686) + 0.00 0.00 5/13496 deflate (deflate.c:675) + 0.00 0.00 12/13496 deflate (deflate.c:679) + 0.00 0.00 16/13496 deflate (deflate.c:730) + 0.00 0.00 128/13496 deflate_fast (deflate.c:654) + 0.00 0.00 3071/13496 ct_init (trees.c:384) + 0.00 0.00 3730/13496 ct_init (trees.c:385) + 0.00 0.00 6525/13496 ct_init (trees.c:387) + [6] 0.0 0.00 0.00 13496 init_block (trees.c:408) + + +File: gprof.info, Node: Annotated Source, Prev: Line-by-line, Up: Output + +The Annotated Source Listing +============================ + + `gprof''s `-A' option triggers an annotated source listing, which +lists the program's source code, each function labeled with the number +of times it was called. You may also need to specify the `-I' option, +if `gprof' can't find the source code files. + + Compiling with `gcc ... -g -pg -a' augments your program with +basic-block counting code, in addition to function counting code. This +enables `gprof' to determine how many times each line of code was +executed. For example, consider the following function, taken from +gzip, with line numbers added: + + 1 ulg updcrc(s, n) + 2 uch *s; + 3 unsigned n; + 4 { + 5 register ulg c; + 6 + 7 static ulg crc = (ulg)0xffffffffL; + 8 + 9 if (s == NULL) { + 10 c = 0xffffffffL; + 11 } else { + 12 c = crc; + 13 if (n) do { + 14 c = crc_32_tab[...]; + 15 } while (--n); + 16 } + 17 crc = c; + 18 return c ^ 0xffffffffL; + 19 } + + `updcrc' has at least five basic-blocks. One is the function +itself. The `if' statement on line 9 generates two more basic-blocks, +one for each branch of the `if'. A fourth basic-block results from the +`if' on line 13, and the contents of the `do' loop form the fifth +basic-block. The compiler may also generate additional basic-blocks to +handle various special cases. + + A program augmented for basic-block counting can be analyzed with +`gprof -l -A'. I also suggest use of the `-x' option, which ensures +that each line of code is labeled at least once. Here is `updcrc''s +annotated source listing for a sample `gzip' run: + + ulg updcrc(s, n) + uch *s; + unsigned n; + 2 ->{ + register ulg c; + + static ulg crc = (ulg)0xffffffffL; + + 2 -> if (s == NULL) { + 1 -> c = 0xffffffffL; + 1 -> } else { + 1 -> c = crc; + 1 -> if (n) do { + 26312 -> c = crc_32_tab[...]; + 26312,1,26311 -> } while (--n); + } + 2 -> crc = c; + 2 -> return c ^ 0xffffffffL; + 2 ->} + + In this example, the function was called twice, passing once through +each branch of the `if' statement. The body of the `do' loop was +executed a total of 26312 times. Note how the `while' statement is +annotated. It began execution 26312 times, once for each iteration +through the loop. One of those times (the last time) it exited, while +it branched back to the beginning of the loop 26311 times. + + +File: gprof.info, Node: Inaccuracy, Next: How do I?, Prev: Output, Up: Top + +Inaccuracy of `gprof' Output +**************************** + +* Menu: + +* Sampling Error:: Statistical margins of error +* Assumptions:: Estimating children times + + +File: gprof.info, Node: Sampling Error, Next: Assumptions, Up: Inaccuracy + +Statistical Sampling Error +========================== + + The run-time figures that `gprof' gives you are based on a sampling +process, so they are subject to statistical inaccuracy. If a function +runs only a small amount of time, so that on the average the sampling +process ought to catch that function in the act only once, there is a +pretty good chance it will actually find that function zero times, or +twice. + + By contrast, the number-of-calls and basic-block figures are derived +by counting, not sampling. They are completely accurate and will not +vary from run to run if your program is deterministic. + + The "sampling period" that is printed at the beginning of the flat +profile says how often samples are taken. The rule of thumb is that a +run-time figure is accurate if it is considerably bigger than the +sampling period. + + The actual amount of error can be predicted. For N samples, the +_expected_ error is the square-root of N. For example, if the sampling +period is 0.01 seconds and `foo''s run-time is 1 second, N is 100 +samples (1 second/0.01 seconds), sqrt(N) is 10 samples, so the expected +error in `foo''s run-time is 0.1 seconds (10*0.01 seconds), or ten +percent of the observed value. Again, if the sampling period is 0.01 +seconds and `bar''s run-time is 100 seconds, N is 10000 samples, +sqrt(N) is 100 samples, so the expected error in `bar''s run-time is 1 +second, or one percent of the observed value. It is likely to vary +this much _on the average_ from one profiling run to the next. +(_Sometimes_ it will vary more.) + + This does not mean that a small run-time figure is devoid of +information. If the program's _total_ run-time is large, a small +run-time for one function does tell you that that function used an +insignificant fraction of the whole program's time. Usually this means +it is not worth optimizing. + + One way to get more accuracy is to give your program more (but +similar) input data so it will take longer. Another way is to combine +the data from several runs, using the `-s' option of `gprof'. Here is +how: + + 1. Run your program once. + + 2. Issue the command `mv gmon.out gmon.sum'. + + 3. Run your program again, the same as before. + + 4. Merge the new data in `gmon.out' into `gmon.sum' with this command: + + gprof -s EXECUTABLE-FILE gmon.out gmon.sum + + 5. Repeat the last two steps as often as you wish. + + 6. Analyze the cumulative data using this command: + + gprof EXECUTABLE-FILE gmon.sum > OUTPUT-FILE + + +File: gprof.info, Node: Assumptions, Prev: Sampling Error, Up: Inaccuracy + +Estimating `children' Times +=========================== + + Some of the figures in the call graph are estimates--for example, the +`children' time values and all the the time figures in caller and +subroutine lines. + + There is no direct information about these measurements in the +profile data itself. Instead, `gprof' estimates them by making an +assumption about your program that might or might not be true. + + The assumption made is that the average time spent in each call to +any function `foo' is not correlated with who called `foo'. If `foo' +used 5 seconds in all, and 2/5 of the calls to `foo' came from `a', +then `foo' contributes 2 seconds to `a''s `children' time, by +assumption. + + This assumption is usually true enough, but for some programs it is +far from true. Suppose that `foo' returns very quickly when its +argument is zero; suppose that `a' always passes zero as an argument, +while other callers of `foo' pass other arguments. In this program, +all the time spent in `foo' is in the calls from callers other than `a'. +But `gprof' has no way of knowing this; it will blindly and incorrectly +charge 2 seconds of time in `foo' to the children of `a'. + + We hope some day to put more complete data into `gmon.out', so that +this assumption is no longer needed, if we can figure out how. For the +nonce, the estimated figures are usually more useful than misleading. + + +File: gprof.info, Node: How do I?, Next: Incompatibilities, Prev: Inaccuracy, Up: Top + +Answers to Common Questions +*************************** + +How do I find which lines in my program were executed the most times? + Compile your program with basic-block counting enabled, run it, + then use the following pipeline: + + gprof -l -C OBJFILE | sort -k 3 -n -r + + This listing will show you the lines in your code executed most + often, but not necessarily those that consumed the most time. + +How do I find which lines in my program called a particular function? + Use `gprof -l' and lookup the function in the call graph. The + callers will be broken down by function and line number. + +How do I analyze a program that runs for less than a second? + Try using a shell script like this one: + + for i in `seq 1 100`; do + fastprog + mv gmon.out gmon.out.$i + done + + gprof -s fastprog gmon.out.* + + gprof fastprog gmon.sum + + If your program is completely deterministic, all the call counts + will be simple multiples of 100 (i.e. a function called once in + each run will appear with a call count of 100). + + +File: gprof.info, Node: Incompatibilities, Next: Details, Prev: How do I?, Up: Top + +Incompatibilities with Unix `gprof' +*********************************** + + GNU `gprof' and Berkeley Unix `gprof' use the same data file +`gmon.out', and provide essentially the same information. But there +are a few differences. + + * GNU `gprof' uses a new, generalized file format with support for + basic-block execution counts and non-realtime histograms. A magic + cookie and version number allows `gprof' to easily identify new + style files. Old BSD-style files can still be read. *Note File + Format::. + + * For a recursive function, Unix `gprof' lists the function as a + parent and as a child, with a `calls' field that lists the number + of recursive calls. GNU `gprof' omits these lines and puts the + number of recursive calls in the primary line. + + * When a function is suppressed from the call graph with `-e', GNU + `gprof' still lists it as a subroutine of functions that call it. + + * GNU `gprof' accepts the `-k' with its argument in the form + `from/to', instead of `from to'. + + * In the annotated source listing, if there are multiple basic + blocks on the same line, GNU `gprof' prints all of their counts, + separated by commas. + + * The blurbs, field widths, and output formats are different. GNU + `gprof' prints blurbs after the tables, so that you can see the + tables without skipping the blurbs. + + +File: gprof.info, Node: Details, Prev: Incompatibilities, Up: Top + +Details of Profiling +******************** + +* Menu: + +* Implementation:: How a program collects profiling information +* File Format:: Format of `gmon.out' files +* Internals:: `gprof''s internal operation +* Debugging:: Using `gprof''s `-d' option + + +File: gprof.info, Node: Implementation, Next: File Format, Up: Details + +Implementation of Profiling +=========================== + + Profiling works by changing how every function in your program is +compiled so that when it is called, it will stash away some information +about where it was called from. From this, the profiler can figure out +what function called it, and can count how many times it was called. +This change is made by the compiler when your program is compiled with +the `-pg' option, which causes every function to call `mcount' (or +`_mcount', or `__mcount', depending on the OS and compiler) as one of +its first operations. + + The `mcount' routine, included in the profiling library, is +responsible for recording in an in-memory call graph table both its +parent routine (the child) and its parent's parent. This is typically +done by examining the stack frame to find both the address of the +child, and the return address in the original parent. Since this is a +very machine-dependent operation, `mcount' itself is typically a short +assembly-language stub routine that extracts the required information, +and then calls `__mcount_internal' (a normal C function) with two +arguments - `frompc' and `selfpc'. `__mcount_internal' is responsible +for maintaining the in-memory call graph, which records `frompc', +`selfpc', and the number of times each of these call arcs was traversed. + + GCC Version 2 provides a magical function +(`__builtin_return_address'), which allows a generic `mcount' function +to extract the required information from the stack frame. However, on +some architectures, most notably the SPARC, using this builtin can be +very computationally expensive, and an assembly language version of +`mcount' is used for performance reasons. + + Number-of-calls information for library routines is collected by +using a special version of the C library. The programs in it are the +same as in the usual C library, but they were compiled with `-pg'. If +you link your program with `gcc ... -pg', it automatically uses the +profiling version of the library. + + Profiling also involves watching your program as it runs, and +keeping a histogram of where the program counter happens to be every +now and then. Typically the program counter is looked at around 100 +times per second of run time, but the exact frequency may vary from +system to system. + + This is done is one of two ways. Most UNIX-like operating systems +provide a `profil()' system call, which registers a memory array with +the kernel, along with a scale factor that determines how the program's +address space maps into the array. Typical scaling values cause every +2 to 8 bytes of address space to map into a single array slot. On +every tick of the system clock (assuming the profiled program is +running), the value of the program counter is examined and the +corresponding slot in the memory array is incremented. Since this is +done in the kernel, which had to interrupt the process anyway to handle +the clock interrupt, very little additional system overhead is required. + + However, some operating systems, most notably Linux 2.0 (and +earlier), do not provide a `profil()' system call. On such a system, +arrangements are made for the kernel to periodically deliver a signal +to the process (typically via `setitimer()'), which then performs the +same operation of examining the program counter and incrementing a slot +in the memory array. Since this method requires a signal to be +delivered to user space every time a sample is taken, it uses +considerably more overhead than kernel-based profiling. Also, due to +the added delay required to deliver the signal, this method is less +accurate as well. + + A special startup routine allocates memory for the histogram and +either calls `profil()' or sets up a clock signal handler. This +routine (`monstartup') can be invoked in several ways. On Linux +systems, a special profiling startup file `gcrt0.o', which invokes +`monstartup' before `main', is used instead of the default `crt0.o'. +Use of this special startup file is one of the effects of using `gcc +... -pg' to link. On SPARC systems, no special startup files are used. +Rather, the `mcount' routine, when it is invoked for the first time +(typically when `main' is called), calls `monstartup'. + + If the compiler's `-a' option was used, basic-block counting is also +enabled. Each object file is then compiled with a static array of +counts, initially zero. In the executable code, every time a new +basic-block begins (i.e. when an `if' statement appears), an extra +instruction is inserted to increment the corresponding count in the +array. At compile time, a paired array was constructed that recorded +the starting address of each basic-block. Taken together, the two +arrays record the starting address of every basic-block, along with the +number of times it was executed. + + The profiling library also includes a function (`mcleanup') which is +typically registered using `atexit()' to be called as the program +exits, and is responsible for writing the file `gmon.out'. Profiling +is turned off, various headers are output, and the histogram is +written, followed by the call-graph arcs and the basic-block counts. + + The output from `gprof' gives no indication of parts of your program +that are limited by I/O or swapping bandwidth. This is because samples +of the program counter are taken at fixed intervals of the program's +run time. Therefore, the time measurements in `gprof' output say +nothing about time that your program was not running. For example, a +part of the program that creates so much data that it cannot all fit in +physical memory at once may run very slowly due to thrashing, but +`gprof' will say it uses little time. On the other hand, sampling by +run time has the advantage that the amount of load due to other users +won't directly affect the output you get. + + +File: gprof.info, Node: File Format, Next: Internals, Prev: Implementation, Up: Details + +Profiling Data File Format +========================== + + The old BSD-derived file format used for profile data does not +contain a magic cookie that allows to check whether a data file really +is a `gprof' file. Furthermore, it does not provide a version number, +thus rendering changes to the file format almost impossible. GNU +`gprof' uses a new file format that provides these features. For +backward compatibility, GNU `gprof' continues to support the old +BSD-derived format, but not all features are supported with it. For +example, basic-block execution counts cannot be accommodated by the old +file format. + + The new file format is defined in header file `gmon_out.h'. It +consists of a header containing the magic cookie and a version number, +as well as some spare bytes available for future extensions. All data +in a profile data file is in the native format of the host on which the +profile was collected. GNU `gprof' adapts automatically to the +byte-order in use. + + In the new file format, the header is followed by a sequence of +records. Currently, there are three different record types: histogram +records, call-graph arc records, and basic-block execution count +records. Each file can contain any number of each record type. When +reading a file, GNU `gprof' will ensure records of the same type are +compatible with each other and compute the union of all records. For +example, for basic-block execution counts, the union is simply the sum +of all execution counts for each basic-block. + +Histogram Records +----------------- + + Histogram records consist of a header that is followed by an array of +bins. The header contains the text-segment range that the histogram +spans, the size of the histogram in bytes (unlike in the old BSD +format, this does not include the size of the header), the rate of the +profiling clock, and the physical dimension that the bin counts +represent after being scaled by the profiling clock rate. The physical +dimension is specified in two parts: a long name of up to 15 characters +and a single character abbreviation. For example, a histogram +representing real-time would specify the long name as "seconds" and the +abbreviation as "s". This feature is useful for architectures that +support performance monitor hardware (which, fortunately, is becoming +increasingly common). For example, under DEC OSF/1, the "uprofile" +command can be used to produce a histogram of, say, instruction cache +misses. In this case, the dimension in the histogram header could be +set to "i-cache misses" and the abbreviation could be set to "1" +(because it is simply a count, not a physical dimension). Also, the +profiling rate would have to be set to 1 in this case. + + Histogram bins are 16-bit numbers and each bin represent an equal +amount of text-space. For example, if the text-segment is one thousand +bytes long and if there are ten bins in the histogram, each bin +represents one hundred bytes. + +Call-Graph Records +------------------ + + Call-graph records have a format that is identical to the one used in +the BSD-derived file format. It consists of an arc in the call graph +and a count indicating the number of times the arc was traversed during +program execution. Arcs are specified by a pair of addresses: the +first must be within caller's function and the second must be within +the callee's function. When performing profiling at the function +level, these addresses can point anywhere within the respective +function. However, when profiling at the line-level, it is better if +the addresses are as close to the call-site/entry-point as possible. +This will ensure that the line-level call-graph is able to identify +exactly which line of source code performed calls to a function. + +Basic-Block Execution Count Records +----------------------------------- + + Basic-block execution count records consist of a header followed by a +sequence of address/count pairs. The header simply specifies the +length of the sequence. In an address/count pair, the address +identifies a basic-block and the count specifies the number of times +that basic-block was executed. Any address within the basic-address can +be used. + + +File: gprof.info, Node: Internals, Next: Debugging, Prev: File Format, Up: Details + +`gprof''s Internal Operation +============================ + + Like most programs, `gprof' begins by processing its options. +During this stage, it may building its symspec list +(`sym_ids.c:sym_id_add'), if options are specified which use symspecs. +`gprof' maintains a single linked list of symspecs, which will +eventually get turned into 12 symbol tables, organized into six +include/exclude pairs - one pair each for the flat profile +(INCL_FLAT/EXCL_FLAT), the call graph arcs (INCL_ARCS/EXCL_ARCS), +printing in the call graph (INCL_GRAPH/EXCL_GRAPH), timing propagation +in the call graph (INCL_TIME/EXCL_TIME), the annotated source listing +(INCL_ANNO/EXCL_ANNO), and the execution count listing +(INCL_EXEC/EXCL_EXEC). + + After option processing, `gprof' finishes building the symspec list +by adding all the symspecs in `default_excluded_list' to the exclude +lists EXCL_TIME and EXCL_GRAPH, and if line-by-line profiling is +specified, EXCL_FLAT as well. These default excludes are not added to +EXCL_ANNO, EXCL_ARCS, and EXCL_EXEC. + + Next, the BFD library is called to open the object file, verify that +it is an object file, and read its symbol table (`core.c:core_init'), +using `bfd_canonicalize_symtab' after mallocing an appropriately sized +array of symbols. At this point, function mappings are read (if the +`--file-ordering' option has been specified), and the core text space +is read into memory (if the `-c' option was given). + + `gprof''s own symbol table, an array of Sym structures, is now built. +This is done in one of two ways, by one of two routines, depending on +whether line-by-line profiling (`-l' option) has been enabled. For +normal profiling, the BFD canonical symbol table is scanned. For +line-by-line profiling, every text space address is examined, and a new +symbol table entry gets created every time the line number changes. In +either case, two passes are made through the symbol table - one to +count the size of the symbol table required, and the other to actually +read the symbols. In between the two passes, a single array of type +`Sym' is created of the appropriate length. Finally, +`symtab.c:symtab_finalize' is called to sort the symbol table and +remove duplicate entries (entries with the same memory address). + + The symbol table must be a contiguous array for two reasons. First, +the `qsort' library function (which sorts an array) will be used to +sort the symbol table. Also, the symbol lookup routine +(`symtab.c:sym_lookup'), which finds symbols based on memory address, +uses a binary search algorithm which requires the symbol table to be a +sorted array. Function symbols are indicated with an `is_func' flag. +Line number symbols have no special flags set. Additionally, a symbol +can have an `is_static' flag to indicate that it is a local symbol. + + With the symbol table read, the symspecs can now be translated into +Syms (`sym_ids.c:sym_id_parse'). Remember that a single symspec can +match multiple symbols. An array of symbol tables (`syms') is created, +each entry of which is a symbol table of Syms to be included or +excluded from a particular listing. The master symbol table and the +symspecs are examined by nested loops, and every symbol that matches a +symspec is inserted into the appropriate syms table. This is done +twice, once to count the size of each required symbol table, and again +to build the tables, which have been malloced between passes. From now +on, to determine whether a symbol is on an include or exclude symspec +list, `gprof' simply uses its standard symbol lookup routine on the +appropriate table in the `syms' array. + + Now the profile data file(s) themselves are read +(`gmon_io.c:gmon_out_read'), first by checking for a new-style +`gmon.out' header, then assuming this is an old-style BSD `gmon.out' if +the magic number test failed. + + New-style histogram records are read by `hist.c:hist_read_rec'. For +the first histogram record, allocate a memory array to hold all the +bins, and read them in. When multiple profile data files (or files +with multiple histogram records) are read, the starting address, ending +address, number of bins and sampling rate must match between the +various histograms, or a fatal error will result. If everything +matches, just sum the additional histograms into the existing in-memory +array. + + As each call graph record is read (`call_graph.c:cg_read_rec'), the +parent and child addresses are matched to symbol table entries, and a +call graph arc is created by `cg_arcs.c:arc_add', unless the arc fails +a symspec check against INCL_ARCS/EXCL_ARCS. As each arc is added, a +linked list is maintained of the parent's child arcs, and of the child's +parent arcs. Both the child's call count and the arc's call count are +incremented by the record's call count. + + Basic-block records are read (`basic_blocks.c:bb_read_rec'), but +only if line-by-line profiling has been selected. Each basic-block +address is matched to a corresponding line symbol in the symbol table, +and an entry made in the symbol's bb_addr and bb_calls arrays. Again, +if multiple basic-block records are present for the same address, the +call counts are cumulative. + + A gmon.sum file is dumped, if requested (`gmon_io.c:gmon_out_write'). + + If histograms were present in the data files, assign them to symbols +(`hist.c:hist_assign_samples') by iterating over all the sample bins +and assigning them to symbols. Since the symbol table is sorted in +order of ascending memory addresses, we can simple follow along in the +symbol table as we make our pass over the sample bins. This step +includes a symspec check against INCL_FLAT/EXCL_FLAT. Depending on the +histogram scale factor, a sample bin may span multiple symbols, in +which case a fraction of the sample count is allocated to each symbol, +proportional to the degree of overlap. This effect is rare for normal +profiling, but overlaps are more common during line-by-line profiling, +and can cause each of two adjacent lines to be credited with half a +hit, for example. + + If call graph data is present, `cg_arcs.c:cg_assemble' is called. +First, if `-c' was specified, a machine-dependent routine (`find_call') +scans through each symbol's machine code, looking for subroutine call +instructions, and adding them to the call graph with a zero call count. +A topological sort is performed by depth-first numbering all the +symbols (`cg_dfn.c:cg_dfn'), so that children are always numbered less +than their parents, then making a array of pointers into the symbol +table and sorting it into numerical order, which is reverse topological +order (children appear before parents). Cycles are also detected at +this point, all members of which are assigned the same topological +number. Two passes are now made through this sorted array of symbol +pointers. The first pass, from end to beginning (parents to children), +computes the fraction of child time to propagate to each parent and a +print flag. The print flag reflects symspec handling of +INCL_GRAPH/EXCL_GRAPH, with a parent's include or exclude (print or no +print) property being propagated to its children, unless they +themselves explicitly appear in INCL_GRAPH or EXCL_GRAPH. A second +pass, from beginning to end (children to parents) actually propagates +the timings along the call graph, subject to a check against +INCL_TIME/EXCL_TIME. With the print flag, fractions, and timings now +stored in the symbol structures, the topological sort array is now +discarded, and a new array of pointers is assembled, this time sorted +by propagated time. + + Finally, print the various outputs the user requested, which is now +fairly straightforward. The call graph (`cg_print.c:cg_print') and +flat profile (`hist.c:hist_print') are regurgitations of values already +computed. The annotated source listing +(`basic_blocks.c:print_annotated_source') uses basic-block information, +if present, to label each line of code with call counts, otherwise only +the function call counts are presented. + + The function ordering code is marginally well documented in the +source code itself (`cg_print.c'). Basically, the functions with the +most use and the most parents are placed first, followed by other +functions with the most use, followed by lower use functions, followed +by unused functions at the end. + + +File: gprof.info, Node: Debugging, Prev: Internals, Up: Details + +Debugging `gprof' +----------------- + + If `gprof' was compiled with debugging enabled, the `-d' option +triggers debugging output (to stdout) which can be helpful in +understanding its operation. The debugging number specified is +interpreted as a sum of the following options: + +2 - Topological sort + Monitor depth-first numbering of symbols during call graph analysis + +4 - Cycles + Shows symbols as they are identified as cycle heads + +16 - Tallying + As the call graph arcs are read, show each arc and how the total + calls to each function are tallied + +32 - Call graph arc sorting + Details sorting individual parents/children within each call graph + entry + +64 - Reading histogram and call graph records + Shows address ranges of histograms as they are read, and each call + graph arc + +128 - Symbol table + Reading, classifying, and sorting the symbol table from the object + file. For line-by-line profiling (`-l' option), also shows line + numbers being assigned to memory addresses. + +256 - Static call graph + Trace operation of `-c' option + +512 - Symbol table and arc table lookups + Detail operation of lookup routines + +1024 - Call graph propagation + Shows how function times are propagated along the call graph + +2048 - Basic-blocks + Shows basic-block records as they are read from profile data (only + meaningful with `-l' option) + +4096 - Symspecs + Shows symspec-to-symbol pattern matching operation + +8192 - Annotate source + Tracks operation of `-A' option + + diff --git a/gnu/usr.bin/binutils/include/dyn-string.h b/gnu/usr.bin/binutils/include/dyn-string.h new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..67f7ab7d36e --- /dev/null +++ b/gnu/usr.bin/binutils/include/dyn-string.h @@ -0,0 +1,92 @@ +/* An abstract string datatype. + Copyright (C) 1998, 1999, 2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc. + Contributed by Mark Mitchell (mark@markmitchell.com). + +This file is part of GNU CC. + +GNU CC is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify +it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by +the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) +any later version. + +GNU CC is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, +but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of +MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the +GNU General Public License for more details. + +You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License +along with GNU CC; see the file COPYING. If not, write to +the Free Software Foundation, 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, +Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA. */ + + +typedef struct dyn_string +{ + int allocated; /* The amount of space allocated for the string. */ + int length; /* The actual length of the string. */ + char *s; /* The string itself, NUL-terminated. */ +}* dyn_string_t; + +/* The length STR, in bytes, not including the terminating NUL. */ +#define dyn_string_length(STR) \ + ((STR)->length) + +/* The NTBS in which the contents of STR are stored. */ +#define dyn_string_buf(STR) \ + ((STR)->s) + +/* Compare DS1 to DS2 with strcmp. */ +#define dyn_string_compare(DS1, DS2) \ + (strcmp ((DS1)->s, (DS2)->s)) + + +/* dyn_string functions are used in the demangling implementation + included in the G++ runtime library. To prevent collisions with + names in user programs, the functions that are used in the + demangler are given implementation-reserved names. */ + +#ifdef IN_LIBGCC2 + +#define dyn_string_init __cxa_dyn_string_init +#define dyn_string_new __cxa_dyn_string_new +#define dyn_string_delete __cxa_dyn_string_delete +#define dyn_string_release __cxa_dyn_string_release +#define dyn_string_resize __cxa_dyn_string_resize +#define dyn_string_clear __cxa_dyn_string_clear +#define dyn_string_copy __cxa_dyn_string_copy +#define dyn_string_copy_cstr __cxa_dyn_string_copy_cstr +#define dyn_string_prepend __cxa_dyn_string_prepend +#define dyn_string_prepend_cstr __cxa_dyn_string_prepend_cstr +#define dyn_string_insert __cxa_dyn_string_insert +#define dyn_string_insert_cstr __cxa_dyn_string_insert_cstr +#define dyn_string_insert_char __cxa_dyn_string_insert_char +#define dyn_string_append __cxa_dyn_string_append +#define dyn_string_append_cstr __cxa_dyn_string_append_cstr +#define dyn_string_append_char __cxa_dyn_string_append_char +#define dyn_string_substring __cxa_dyn_string_substring +#define dyn_string_eq __cxa_dyn_string_eq + +#endif /* IN_LIBGCC2 */ + + +extern int dyn_string_init PARAMS ((struct dyn_string *, int)); +extern dyn_string_t dyn_string_new PARAMS ((int)); +extern void dyn_string_delete PARAMS ((dyn_string_t)); +extern char *dyn_string_release PARAMS ((dyn_string_t)); +extern dyn_string_t dyn_string_resize PARAMS ((dyn_string_t, int)); +extern void dyn_string_clear PARAMS ((dyn_string_t)); +extern int dyn_string_copy PARAMS ((dyn_string_t, dyn_string_t)); +extern int dyn_string_copy_cstr PARAMS ((dyn_string_t, const char *)); +extern int dyn_string_prepend PARAMS ((dyn_string_t, dyn_string_t)); +extern int dyn_string_prepend_cstr PARAMS ((dyn_string_t, const char *)); +extern int dyn_string_insert PARAMS ((dyn_string_t, int, + dyn_string_t)); +extern int dyn_string_insert_cstr PARAMS ((dyn_string_t, int, + const char *)); +extern int dyn_string_insert_char PARAMS ((dyn_string_t, int, int)); +extern int dyn_string_append PARAMS ((dyn_string_t, dyn_string_t)); +extern int dyn_string_append_cstr PARAMS ((dyn_string_t, const char *)); +extern int dyn_string_append_char PARAMS ((dyn_string_t, int)); +extern int dyn_string_substring PARAMS ((dyn_string_t, + dyn_string_t, int, int)); +extern int dyn_string_eq PARAMS ((dyn_string_t, dyn_string_t)); diff --git a/gnu/usr.bin/binutils/ld/ldver.texi b/gnu/usr.bin/binutils/ld/ldver.texi index b696ac718c9..4c75b622163 100644 --- a/gnu/usr.bin/binutils/ld/ldver.texi +++ b/gnu/usr.bin/binutils/ld/ldver.texi @@ -1 +1 @@ -@set VERSION 2.10 +@set VERSION 2.10.1 diff --git a/gnu/usr.bin/binutils/ld/scripttempl/elfd30v.sc b/gnu/usr.bin/binutils/ld/scripttempl/elfd30v.sc index 0ff928345be..f33f90ce14b 100644 --- a/gnu/usr.bin/binutils/ld/scripttempl/elfd30v.sc +++ b/gnu/usr.bin/binutils/ld/scripttempl/elfd30v.sc @@ -121,7 +121,8 @@ SECTIONS .rodata ${RELOCATING-0} : { *(.rodata) } ${RELOCATING+ > ${DATA_MEMORY}} /* C++ exception support. */ - .eh_frame ${RELOCATING-0} : { *(.eh_frame) } ${RELOCATING+ > ${DATA_MEMORY}} + .eh_frame ${RELOCATING-0} : { KEEP (*(.eh_frame)) } ${RELOCATING+ > ${DATA_MEMORY}} + .gcc_except_table ${RELOCATING-0} : { *(.gcc_except_table) } ${RELOCATING+ > ${DATA_MEMORY}} ${RELOCATING+${CTOR}} ${RELOCATING+${DTOR}} @@ -213,7 +214,3 @@ SECTIONS PROVIDE (__stack = ${STACK_START_ADDR}); } EOF - - - - diff --git a/gnu/usr.bin/binutils/ld/testsuite/ld-elfvsb/elf-offset.ld b/gnu/usr.bin/binutils/ld/testsuite/ld-elfvsb/elf-offset.ld new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..dfe429309a7 --- /dev/null +++ b/gnu/usr.bin/binutils/ld/testsuite/ld-elfvsb/elf-offset.ld @@ -0,0 +1,168 @@ +SECTIONS +{ + /* Read-only sections, merged into text segment: */ + . = 0x100000; + .hash : { *(.hash) } + .dynsym : { *(.dynsym) } + .dynstr : { *(.dynstr) } + .gnu.version : { *(.gnu.version) } + .gnu.version_d : { *(.gnu.version_d) } + .gnu.version_r : { *(.gnu.version_r) } + .rel.text : + { + *(.rel.text) + *(.rel.text.*) + *(.rel.gnu.linkonce.t*) + } + .rela.text : + { + *(.rela.text) + *(.rela.text.*) + *(.rela.gnu.linkonce.t*) + } + .rel.data : + { + *(.rel.data) + *(.rel.data.*) + *(.rel.gnu.linkonce.d*) + } + .rela.data : + { + *(.rela.data) + *(.rela.data.*) + *(.rela.gnu.linkonce.d*) + } + .rel.rodata : + { + *(.rel.rodata) + *(.rel.rodata.*) + *(.rel.gnu.linkonce.r*) + } + .rela.rodata : + { + *(.rela.rodata) + *(.rela.rodata.*) + *(.rela.gnu.linkonce.r*) + } + .rel.got : { *(.rel.got) } + .rela.got : { *(.rela.got) } + .rel.ctors : { *(.rel.ctors) } + .rela.ctors : { *(.rela.ctors) } + .rel.dtors : { *(.rel.dtors) } + .rela.dtors : { *(.rela.dtors) } + .rel.init : { *(.rel.init) } + .rela.init : { *(.rela.init) } + .rel.fini : { *(.rel.fini) } + .rela.fini : { *(.rela.fini) } + .rel.bss : { *(.rel.bss) } + .rela.bss : { *(.rela.bss) } + .rel.plt : { *(.rel.plt) } + .rela.plt : { *(.rela.plt) } + .init : { KEEP (*(.init)) } + .plt : { *(.plt) } + .text : + { + *(.text) + *(.text.*) + *(.stub) + /* .gnu.warning sections are handled specially by elf32.em. */ + *(.gnu.warning) + *(.gnu.linkonce.t*) + } + _etext = .; + PROVIDE (etext = .); + .fini : { KEEP (*(.fini)) } =0x9090 + .rodata : + { + *(.rodata) + *(.rodata.*) + *(.gnu.linkonce.r*) + } + .rodata1 : { *(.rodata1) } + /* Adjust the address for the data segment. We want to adjust up to + the same address within the page on the next page up. */ + . = ALIGN(0x1000) + (. & (0x1000 - 1)); + .data : + { + *(.data) + *(.data.*) + *(.gnu.linkonce.d*) + SORT(CONSTRUCTORS) + } + .data1 : { *(.data1) } + .ctors : + { + /* gcc uses crtbegin.o to find the start of the constructors, so + we make sure it is first. Because this is a wildcard, it + doesn't matter if the user does not actually link against + crtbegin.o; the linker won't look for a file to match a + wildcard. The wildcard also means that it doesn't matter which + directory crtbegin.o is in. */ + KEEP (*crtbegin.o(.ctors)) + KEEP (*(SORT(.ctors.*))) + KEEP (*(.ctors)) + } + .dtors : + { + KEEP (*crtbegin.o(.dtors)) + KEEP (*(SORT(.dtors.*))) + KEEP (*(.dtors)) + } + .got : { *(.got.plt) *(.got) } + .dynamic : { *(.dynamic) } + /* We want the small data sections together, so single-instruction offsets + can access them all, and initialized data all before uninitialized, so + we can shorten the on-disk segment size. */ + .sdata : { *(.sdata) *(.sdata.*) } + _edata = .; + PROVIDE (edata = .); + __bss_start = .; + .sbss : { *(.sbss) *(.scommon) } + .bss : + { + *(.dynbss) + *(.bss) + *(COMMON) + /* Align here to ensure that the .bss section occupies space up to + _end. Align after .bss to ensure correct alignment even if the + .bss section disappears because there are no input sections. */ + . = ALIGN(32 / 8); + } + . = ALIGN(32 / 8); + _end = . ; + PROVIDE (end = .); + /* Stabs debugging sections. */ + .stab 0 : { *(.stab) } + .stabstr 0 : { *(.stabstr) } + .stab.excl 0 : { *(.stab.excl) } + .stab.exclstr 0 : { *(.stab.exclstr) } + .stab.index 0 : { *(.stab.index) } + .stab.indexstr 0 : { *(.stab.indexstr) } + .comment 0 : { *(.comment) } + /* DWARF debug sections. + Symbols in the DWARF debugging sections are relative to the beginning + of the section so we begin them at 0. */ + /* DWARF 1 */ + .debug 0 : { *(.debug) } + .line 0 : { *(.line) } + /* GNU DWARF 1 extensions */ + .debug_srcinfo 0 : { *(.debug_srcinfo) } + .debug_sfnames 0 : { *(.debug_sfnames) } + /* DWARF 1.1 and DWARF 2 */ + .debug_aranges 0 : { *(.debug_aranges) } + .debug_pubnames 0 : { *(.debug_pubnames) } + /* DWARF 2 */ + .debug_info 0 : { *(.debug_info) } + .debug_abbrev 0 : { *(.debug_abbrev) } + .debug_line 0 : { *(.debug_line) } + .debug_frame 0 : { *(.debug_frame) } + .debug_str 0 : { *(.debug_str) } + .debug_loc 0 : { *(.debug_loc) } + .debug_macinfo 0 : { *(.debug_macinfo) } + /* SGI/MIPS DWARF 2 extensions */ + .debug_weaknames 0 : { *(.debug_weaknames) } + .debug_funcnames 0 : { *(.debug_funcnames) } + .debug_typenames 0 : { *(.debug_typenames) } + .debug_varnames 0 : { *(.debug_varnames) } + /* These must appear regardless of . */ +} diff --git a/gnu/usr.bin/binutils/ld/testsuite/ld-elfvsb/elfvsb.dat b/gnu/usr.bin/binutils/ld/testsuite/ld-elfvsb/elfvsb.dat new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..e94a178e14b --- /dev/null +++ b/gnu/usr.bin/binutils/ld/testsuite/ld-elfvsb/elfvsb.dat @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +mainvar == 1 +overriddenvar == 2 +shlibvar1 == 3 +shlib_mainvar () == 1 +shlib_overriddenvar () == 2 +shlib_shlibvar1 () == 3 +shlib_shlibvar2 () == 4 +shlib_shlibcall () == 5 +shlib_shlibcall2 () == 8 +shlib_maincall () == 6 +main_called () == 6 +shlib_checkfunptr1 (shlib_shlibvar1) == 1 +shlib_checkfunptr2 (main_called) == 1 +shlib_getfunptr1 () == shlib_shlibvar1 +shlib_getfunptr2 () == main_called +shlib_check () == 1 +visibility_check () == 1 +visibility_checkfunptr () == 1 +main_visibility_check () == 1 +visibility_checkvar () == 1 +visibility_checkvarptr () == 1 +main_visibility_checkvar () == 1 diff --git a/gnu/usr.bin/binutils/ld/testsuite/ld-elfvsb/elfvsb.exp b/gnu/usr.bin/binutils/ld/testsuite/ld-elfvsb/elfvsb.exp new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..b563c3487dd --- /dev/null +++ b/gnu/usr.bin/binutils/ld/testsuite/ld-elfvsb/elfvsb.exp @@ -0,0 +1,359 @@ +# Expect script for ld-visibility tests +# Copyright (C) 2000 Free Software Foundation +# +# This file is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify +# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by +# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or +# (at your option) any later version. +# +# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, +# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of +# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the +# GNU General Public License for more details. +# +# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License +# along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software +# Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA. +# +# Written by Ian Lance Taylor (ian@cygnus.com) +# and H.J. Lu (hjl@gnu.org) +# + +# Make sure that ld can generate ELF shared libraries with visibility. + +# This test can only be run if ld generates native executables. +if ![isnative] then {return} + +# This test can only be run on a couple of ELF platforms. +# Square bracket expressions seem to confuse istarget. +if { ![istarget i386-*-linux*] \ + && ![istarget i486-*-linux*] \ + && ![istarget i586-*-linux*] \ + && ![istarget i686-*-linux*] \ + && ![istarget m68k-*-linux*] \ + && ![istarget powerpc-*-linux*] \ + && ![istarget sparc*-*-linux*] } { + return +} + +if { [istarget *-*-linux*aout*] \ + || [istarget *-*-linux*oldld*] } { + return +} + +set tmpdir tmpdir +set SHCFLAG "" + +if { [istarget rs6000*-*-aix*] || [istarget powerpc*-*-aix*] } { + + # AIX shared libraries do not seem to support useful features, + # like overriding the shared library function or letting the + # shared library refer to objects defined in the main program. We + # avoid testing those features. + set SHCFLAG "-DXCOFF_TEST" + + # The AIX 3.2.5 loader appears to randomly fail when loading + # shared libraries from NSF mounted partitions, so we avoid any + # potential problems by using a local directory. + catch {exec /bin/sh -c "echo $$"} pid + set tmpdir /usr/tmp/ld.$pid + catch "exec mkdir $tmpdir" exec_status + + # On AIX, we need to explicitly export the symbols the shared + # library is going to provide, and need. + set file [open $tmpdir/xcoff.exp w] + puts $file shlibvar1 + puts $file shlibvar2 + puts $file shlib_shlibvar1 + puts $file shlib_shlibvar2 + puts $file shlib_shlibcall + puts $file shlib_shlibcalled + puts $file shlib_checkfunptr1 + puts $file shlib_getfunptr1 + puts $file shlib_check + close $file +} + +set support_protected "no" + +if [istarget *-*-linux*] { + if [ld_compile "$CC -g $CFLAGS -DPROTECTED_CHECK" $srcdir/$subdir/main.c $tmpdir/main.o] { + if [ld_link $ld $tmpdir/main "$tmpdir/main.o"] { + catch "exec $tmpdir/main" support_protected + } + } +} + +# The test procedure. +proc visibility_test { visibility progname testname main sh1 sh2 dat args } { + global ld + global srcdir + global subdir + global exec_output + global link_output + global host_triplet + global tmpdir + + if [llength $args] { set shldflags [lindex $args 0] } else { set shldflags "" } + + # Build the shared library. + # On AIX, we need to use an export file. + set shared -shared + if { [istarget rs6000*-*-aix*] || [istarget powerpc*-*-aix*] } { + set shared "-bM:SRE -bE:$tmpdir/xcoff.exp" + } + if {![ld_simple_link $ld $tmpdir/$progname.so "$shared $shldflags $tmpdir/$sh1 $tmpdir/$sh2"]} { + if { [ string match $visibility "hidden_undef" ] + && [regexp ".*/sh1.c.*: undefined reference to \`visibility\'" $link_output] + && [regexp ".*/sh1.c.*: undefined reference to \`visibility_var\'" $link_output] } { + pass "$testname" + } else { if { [ string match $visibility "protected_undef" ] + && [regexp ".*/sh1.c.*: undefined reference to \`visibility\'" $link_output] + && [regexp ".*/sh1.c.*: undefined reference to \`visibility_var\'" $link_output] } { + pass "$testname" + } else { + fail "$testname" + }} + return + } + + # Link against the shared library. Use -rpath so that the + # dynamic linker can locate the shared library at runtime. + # On AIX, we must include /lib in -rpath, as otherwise the loader + # can not find -lc. + set rpath $tmpdir + if { [istarget rs6000*-*-aix*] || [istarget powerpc*-*-aix*] } { + set rpath /lib:$tmpdir + } + if ![ld_link $ld $tmpdir/$progname "-rpath $rpath $tmpdir/$main $tmpdir/$progname.so"] { + if { [ string match $visibility "hidden" ] + && [regexp ".*/main.c.*: undefined reference to \`visibility\'" $link_output] + && [regexp ".*/main.c.*: undefined reference to \`visibility_var\'" $link_output] } { + pass "$testname" + } else { if { [ string match $visibility "hidden_undef_def" ] + && [regexp ".*/main.c.*: undefined reference to \`visibility\'" $link_output] + && [regexp ".*/main.c.*: undefined reference to \`visibility_var\'" $link_output] } { + pass "$testname" + } else { + fail "$testname" + }} + return + } + + if { [ string match $visibility "hidden" ] + || [ string match $visibility "hidden_undef" ] + || [ string match $visibility "protected_undef" ] } { + fail "$testname" + } + + # Run the resulting program + send_log "$tmpdir/$progname >$tmpdir/$progname.out\n" + verbose "$tmpdir/$progname >$tmpdir/$progname.out" + catch "exec $tmpdir/$progname >$tmpdir/$progname.out" exec_output + if ![string match "" $exec_output] then { + send_log "$exec_output\n" + verbose "$exec_output" + fail "$testname" + return + } + + send_log "diff $tmpdir/$progname.out $srcdir/$subdir/$dat.dat\n" + verbose "diff $tmpdir/$progname.out $srcdir/$subdir/$dat.dat" + catch "exec diff $tmpdir/$progname.out $srcdir/$subdir/$dat.dat" exec_output + set exec_output [prune_warnings $exec_output] + + if {![string match "" $exec_output]} then { + send_log "$exec_output\n" + verbose "$exec_output" + fail "$testname" + return + } + + pass "$testname" +} + +proc visibility_run {visibility} { + global CC + global CFLAGS + global SHCFLAG + global srcdir + global subdir + global tmpdir + global picflag + global target_triplet + global support_protected + + if [ string match $visibility "hidden" ] { + set VSBCFLAG "-DHIDDEN_TEST" + } else { if [ string match $visibility "hidden_normal" ] { + set VSBCFLAG "-DHIDDEN_NORMAL_TEST" + } else { if [ string match $visibility "hidden_undef" ] { + set VSBCFLAG "-DHIDDEN_UNDEF_TEST" + } else { if [ string match $visibility "hidden_undef_def" ] { + set VSBCFLAG "-DHIDDEN_UNDEF_TEST -DDSO_DEFINE_TEST" + } else { if [ string match $visibility "hidden_weak" ] { + set VSBCFLAG "-DHIDDEN_WEAK_TEST" + } else { if [ string match $visibility "protected" ] { + set VSBCFLAG "-DPROTECTED_TEST" + } else { if [ string match $visibility "protected_undef" ] { + set VSBCFLAG "-DPROTECTED_UNDEF_TEST" + } else { if [ string match $visibility "protected_undef_def" ] { + set VSBCFLAG "-DPROTECTED_UNDEF_TEST -DDSO_DEFINE_TEST" + } else { if [ string match $visibility "protected_weak" ] { + set VSBCFLAG "-DPROTECTED_WEAK_TEST" + } else { + set VSBCFLAG "" + }}}}}}}}} + + # Compile the main program. + if ![ld_compile "$CC -g $CFLAGS $SHCFLAG $VSBCFLAG" $srcdir/$subdir/main.c $tmpdir/mainnp.o] { + unresolved "visibility ($visibility) (non PIC)" + unresolved "visibility ($visibility)" + } else { + # The shared library is composed of two files. First compile them + # without using -fpic. That should work on an ELF system, + # although it will be less efficient because the dynamic linker + # will need to do more relocation work. However, note that not + # using -fpic will cause some of the tests to return different + # results. + if { ![ld_compile "$CC -g $CFLAGS $SHCFLAG $VSBCFLAG" $srcdir/$subdir/sh1.c $tmpdir/sh1np.o] + || ![ld_compile "$CC -g $CFLAGS $SHCFLAG $VSBCFLAG" $srcdir/$subdir/sh2.c $tmpdir/sh2np.o] } { + unresolved "visibility ($visibility) (non PIC)" + } else { if { [istarget rs6000*-*-aix*] || [istarget powerpc*-*-aix*] } { + visibility_test $visibility vnp "visibility ($visibility) (nonPIC)" mainnp.o sh1np.o sh2np.o xcoff + } else { + # SunOS non PIC shared libraries don't permit some cases of + # overriding. + if { [ string match $visibility "protected" ] + || [ string match $visibility "protected_undef_def" ] } { + if [ string match $support_protected "no" ] { + setup_xfail $target_triplet + } + } else { + setup_xfail "*-*-sunos4*" + } + visibility_test $visibility vnp "visibility ($visibility) (non PIC)" mainnp.o sh1np.o sh2np.o elfvsb + + # Test ELF shared library relocations with a non-zero load + # address for the library. Near as I can tell, the R_*_RELATIVE + # relocations for various targets are broken in the case where + # the load address is not zero (which is the default). + if { [ string match $visibility "protected" ] + || [ string match $visibility "protected_undef_def" ] } { + if [ string match $support_protected "no" ] { + setup_xfail $target_triplet + } + } else { + setup_xfail "*-*-sunos4*" + setup_xfail "*-*-linux*libc1" + } + visibility_test $visibility vnp "visibility ($visibility) (non PIC, load offset)" \ + mainnp.o sh1np.o sh2np.o elfvsb \ + "-T $srcdir/$subdir/elf-offset.ld" + } } + + # Now compile the code using -fpic. + + if { ![ld_compile "$CC -g $CFLAGS $SHCFLAG $VSBCFLAG $picflag" $srcdir/$subdir/sh1.c $tmpdir/sh1p.o] + || ![ld_compile "$CC -g $CFLAGS $SHCFLAG $VSBCFLAG $picflag" $srcdir/$subdir/sh2.c $tmpdir/sh2p.o] } { + unresolved "visibility ($visibility)" + } else { + if { [ string match $visibility "protected" ] + || [ string match $visibility "protected_undef_def" ] } { + if [ string match $support_protected "no" ] { + setup_xfail $target_triplet + } + } + # SunOS can not compare function pointers correctly + if [istarget "*-*-sunos4*"] { + visibility_test $visibility vp "visibility ($visibility)" mainnp.o sh1p.o sh2p.o sun4 + } else { if { [istarget rs6000*-*-aix*] || [istarget powerpc*-*-aix*] } { + visibility_test $visibility vp "visibility ($visibility)" mainnp.o sh1p.o sh2p.o xcoff + } else { + visibility_test $visibility vp "visibility ($visibility)" mainnp.o sh1p.o sh2p.o elfvsb + } } + } + } + + # Now do the same tests again, but this time compile main.c PIC. + if ![ld_compile "$CC -g $CFLAGS $SHCFLAG $VSBCFLAG $picflag" $srcdir/$subdir/main.c $tmpdir/mainp.o] { + unresolved "visibility ($visibility) (PIC main, non PIC so)" + unresolved "visibility ($visibility) (PIC main)" + } else { + if { [file exists $tmpdir/sh1np.o ] && [ file exists $tmpdir/sh2np.o ] } { + if { [istarget rs6000*-*-aix*] || [istarget powerpc*-*-aix*] } { + visibility_test $visibility vmpnp "visibility ($visibility) (PIC main, non PIC so)" mainp.o sh1np.o sh2np.o xcoff + } else { + # SunOS non PIC shared libraries don't permit some cases of + # overriding. + if { [ string match $visibility "protected" ] + || [ string match $visibility "protected_undef_def" ] } { + if [ string match $support_protected "no" ] { + setup_xfail $target_triplet + } + } else { + setup_xfail "*-*-sunos4*" + } + visibility_test $visibility vmpnp "visibility ($visibility) (PIC main, non PIC so)" mainp.o sh1np.o sh2np.o elfvsb + } + } else { + unresolved "visibility (PIC main, non PIC so)" + } + + if { [file exists $tmpdir/sh1p.o ] && [ file exists $tmpdir/sh2p.o ] } { + if { [ string match $visibility "protected" ] + || [ string match $visibility "protected_undef_def" ] } { + if [ string match $support_protected "no" ] { + setup_xfail $target_triplet + } + } + if { [istarget rs6000*-*-aix*] || [istarget powerpc*-*-aix*] } { + visibility_test $visibility vmpp "visibility ($visibility) (PIC main)" mainp.o sh1p.o sh2p.o xcoff + } else { + visibility_test $visibility vmpp "visibility ($visibility) (PIC main)" mainp.o sh1p.o sh2p.o elfvsb + } + } else { + unresolved "visibility ($visibility) (PIC main)" + } + } +} + +if [istarget mips*-*-*] { + set picflag "" +} else { + # Unfortunately, the gcc argument is -fpic and the cc argument is + # -KPIC. We have to try both. + set picflag "-fpic" + send_log "$CC $picflag\n" + verbose "$CC $picflag" + catch "exec $CC $picflag" exec_output + send_log "$exec_output\n" + verbose "--" "$exec_output" + if { [string match "*illegal option*" $exec_output] \ + || [string match "*option ignored*" $exec_output] \ + || [string match "*unrecognized option*" $exec_output] \ + || [string match "*passed to ld*" $exec_output] } { + if [istarget *-*-sunos4*] { + set picflag "-pic" + } else { + set picflag "-KPIC" + } + } +} +verbose "Using $picflag to compile PIC code" + +visibility_run hidden +visibility_run hidden_normal +visibility_run hidden_undef +visibility_run hidden_undef_def +visibility_run hidden_weak +visibility_run protected +visibility_run protected_undef +visibility_run protected_undef_def +visibility_run protected_weak +visibility_run normal + +if { [istarget rs6000*-*-aix*] || [istarget powerpc*-*-aix*] } { + # Remove the temporary directory. + catch "exec rm -rf $tmpdir" exec_status +} diff --git a/gnu/usr.bin/binutils/ld/testsuite/ld-elfvsb/main.c b/gnu/usr.bin/binutils/ld/testsuite/ld-elfvsb/main.c new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..26542b8a1fc --- /dev/null +++ b/gnu/usr.bin/binutils/ld/testsuite/ld-elfvsb/main.c @@ -0,0 +1,178 @@ +#ifdef PROTECTED_CHECK +#include <features.h> +#include <stdio.h> + +int +main (void) +{ +#if defined (__GLIBC__) && (__GLIBC__ > 2 \ + || (__GLIBC__ == 2 \ + && __GLIBC_MINOR__ >= 2)) + puts ("yes"); +#else + puts ("no"); +#endif + return 0; +} +#else +/* This is the main program for the shared library test. */ + +#include <stdio.h> + +int mainvar = 1; +int overriddenvar = 2; +extern int shlibvar1; + +extern int shlib_mainvar (); +extern int shlib_overriddenvar (); +extern int shlib_shlibvar1 (); +extern int shlib_shlibvar2 (); +extern int shlib_shlibcall (); +extern int shlib_maincall (); +extern int shlib_checkfunptr1 (); +extern int shlib_checkfunptr2 (); +extern int (*shlib_getfunptr1 ()) (); +extern int (*shlib_getfunptr2 ()) (); +extern int shlib_check (); +extern int shlib_shlibcall2 (); +extern int visibility_check (); +extern int visibility_checkfunptr (); +extern void *visibility_funptr (); +extern int visibility_checkvar (); +extern int visibility_checkvarptr (); +extern int visibility_varval (); +extern void *visibility_varptr (); + +#ifdef HIDDEN_WEAK_TEST +#define WEAK_TEST +#endif + +#ifdef PROTECTED_WEAK_TEST +#define WEAK_TEST +#endif + +#ifdef PROTECTED_UNDEF_TEST +#define PROTECTED_TEST +#endif + +#ifndef WEAK_TEST +extern int visibility (); +extern int visibility_var; +#endif + +#if !defined (HIDDEN_TEST) && defined (PROTECTED_TEST) +int +visibility () +{ + return 1; +} + +static int +main_visibility_check () +{ + return visibility_funptr () != visibility; +} + +int visibility_var = 1; + +static int +main_visibility_checkvar () +{ + return visibility_varval () != visibility_var + && visibility_varptr () != &visibility_var; +} +#else +static int +main_visibility_check () +{ +#ifdef WEAK_TEST + return visibility_funptr () == NULL; +#else + return visibility_funptr () == visibility; +#endif +} + +static int +main_visibility_checkvar () +{ +#ifdef WEAK_TEST + return visibility_varval () == 0 + && visibility_varptr () == NULL; +#else + return visibility_varval () == visibility_var + && visibility_varptr () == &visibility_var; +#endif +} +#endif + +/* This function is called by the shared library. */ + +int +main_called () +{ + return 6; +} + +/* This function overrides a function in the shared library. */ + +int +shlib_overriddencall2 () +{ + return 8; +} + +int +main () +{ + int (*p) (); + + printf ("mainvar == %d\n", mainvar); + printf ("overriddenvar == %d\n", overriddenvar); + printf ("shlibvar1 == %d\n", shlibvar1); +#ifndef XCOFF_TEST + printf ("shlib_mainvar () == %d\n", shlib_mainvar ()); + printf ("shlib_overriddenvar () == %d\n", shlib_overriddenvar ()); +#endif + printf ("shlib_shlibvar1 () == %d\n", shlib_shlibvar1 ()); + printf ("shlib_shlibvar2 () == %d\n", shlib_shlibvar2 ()); + printf ("shlib_shlibcall () == %d\n", shlib_shlibcall ()); +#ifndef XCOFF_TEST + printf ("shlib_shlibcall2 () == %d\n", shlib_shlibcall2 ()); + printf ("shlib_maincall () == %d\n", shlib_maincall ()); +#endif + printf ("main_called () == %d\n", main_called ()); + printf ("shlib_checkfunptr1 (shlib_shlibvar1) == %d\n", + shlib_checkfunptr1 (shlib_shlibvar1)); +#ifndef XCOFF_TEST + printf ("shlib_checkfunptr2 (main_called) == %d\n", + shlib_checkfunptr2 (main_called)); +#endif + p = shlib_getfunptr1 (); + printf ("shlib_getfunptr1 () "); + if (p == shlib_shlibvar1) + printf ("=="); + else + printf ("!="); + printf (" shlib_shlibvar1\n"); +#ifndef XCOFF_TEST + p = shlib_getfunptr2 (); + printf ("shlib_getfunptr2 () "); + if (p == main_called) + printf ("=="); + else + printf ("!="); + printf (" main_called\n"); +#endif + printf ("shlib_check () == %d\n", shlib_check ()); + printf ("visibility_check () == %d\n", visibility_check ()); + printf ("visibility_checkfunptr () == %d\n", + visibility_checkfunptr ()); + printf ("main_visibility_check () == %d\n", main_visibility_check ()); + printf ("visibility_checkvar () == %d\n", visibility_checkvar ()); + printf ("visibility_checkvarptr () == %d\n", + visibility_checkvarptr ()); + printf ("main_visibility_checkvar () == %d\n", + main_visibility_checkvar ()); + return 0; +} +#endif diff --git a/gnu/usr.bin/binutils/ld/testsuite/ld-elfvsb/sh1.c b/gnu/usr.bin/binutils/ld/testsuite/ld-elfvsb/sh1.c new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..2299f83bdc3 --- /dev/null +++ b/gnu/usr.bin/binutils/ld/testsuite/ld-elfvsb/sh1.c @@ -0,0 +1,324 @@ +#ifndef NULL +#define NULL ((void *) 0) +#endif + +/* This is part of the shared library ld test. This file becomes part + of a shared library. */ + +/* This variable is supplied by the main program. */ +#ifndef XCOFF_TEST +extern int mainvar; +#endif + +/* This variable is defined in the shared library, and overridden by + the main program. */ +#ifndef XCOFF_TEST +int overriddenvar = -1; +#endif + +/* This variable is defined in the shared library. */ +int shlibvar1 = 3; + +/* This variable is defined by another object in the shared library. */ +extern int shlibvar2; + +/* These functions return the values of the above variables as seen in + the shared library. */ + +#ifndef XCOFF_TEST +int +shlib_mainvar () +{ + return mainvar; +} +#endif + +#ifndef XCOFF_TEST +int +shlib_overriddenvar () +{ + return overriddenvar; +} +#endif + +int +shlib_shlibvar1 () +{ + return shlibvar1; +} + +int +shlib_shlibvar2 () +{ + return shlibvar2; +} + +/* This function calls a function defined by another object in the + shared library. */ + +extern int shlib_shlibcalled (); + +int +shlib_shlibcall () +{ + return shlib_shlibcalled (); +} + +#ifndef XCOFF_TEST +/* This function calls a function defined in this object in the shared + library. The main program will override the called function. */ + +extern int shlib_overriddencall2 (); + +int +shlib_shlibcall2 () +{ + return shlib_overriddencall2 (); +} + +int +shlib_overriddencall2 () +{ + return 7; +} +#endif + +/* This function calls a function defined by the main program. */ + +#ifndef XCOFF_TEST +extern int main_called (); + +int +shlib_maincall () +{ + return main_called (); +} +#endif + +/* This function is passed a function pointer to shlib_mainvar. It + confirms that the pointer compares equally. */ + +int +shlib_checkfunptr1 (p) + int (*p) (); +{ + return p == shlib_shlibvar1; +} + +/* This function is passed a function pointer to main_called. It + confirms that the pointer compares equally. */ + +#ifndef XCOFF_TEST +int +shlib_checkfunptr2 (p) + int (*p) (); +{ + return p == main_called; +} +#endif + +/* This function returns a pointer to shlib_mainvar. */ + +int +(*shlib_getfunptr1 ()) () +{ + return shlib_shlibvar1; +} + +/* This function returns a pointer to main_called. */ + +#ifndef XCOFF_TEST +int +(*shlib_getfunptr2 ()) () +{ + return main_called; +} +#endif + +/* This function makes sure that constant data and local functions + work. */ + +#ifndef __STDC__ +#define const +#endif + +static int i = 6; +static const char *str = "Hello, world\n"; + +int +shlib_check () +{ + const char *s1, *s2; + + if (i != 6) + return 0; + + /* To isolate the test, don't rely on any external functions, such + as strcmp. */ + s1 = "Hello, world\n"; + s2 = str; + while (*s1 != '\0') + if (*s1++ != *s2++) + return 0; + if (*s2 != '\0') + return 0; + + if (shlib_shlibvar1 () != 3) + return 0; + + return 1; +} + +#ifdef HIDDEN_WEAK_TEST +#define HIDDEN_UNDEF_TEST +#define WEAK_TEST +#endif + +#ifdef PROTECTED_WEAK_TEST +#define PROTECTED_UNDEF_TEST +#define WEAK_TEST +#endif + +#if defined (HIDDEN_UNDEF_TEST) || defined (PROTECTED_UNDEF_TEST) +extern int visibility (); +#else +int +visibility () +{ + return 2; +} +#endif + +#ifdef HIDDEN_NORMAL_TEST +asm (".hidden visibility_normal"); + +int +visibility_normal () +{ + return 2; +} +#endif + +int +visibility_checkfunptr () +{ +#ifdef WEAK_TEST + return 1; +#else +#ifdef HIDDEN_NORMAL_TEST + int (*v) () = visibility_normal; +#else + int (*v) () = visibility; +#endif + return (*v) () == 2; +#endif +} + +int +visibility_check () +{ +#ifdef WEAK_TEST + if (&visibility) + return visibility () == 1; + else + return 1; +#else +#ifdef HIDDEN_NORMAL_TEST + return visibility_normal () == 2; +#else + return visibility () == 2; +#endif +#endif +} + +void * +visibility_funptr () +{ +#ifdef WEAK_TEST + if (&visibility == NULL) + return NULL; + else +#endif + return visibility; +} + +#if defined (HIDDEN_UNDEF_TEST) || defined (PROTECTED_UNDEF_TEST) +extern int visibility_var; +#else +int visibility_var = 2; +#endif + +#ifdef HIDDEN_NORMAL_TEST +asm (".hidden visibility_var_normal"); + +int visibility_var_normal = 2; +#endif + +int +visibility_checkvarptr () +{ +#ifdef WEAK_TEST + if (&visibility_var) + return visibility_var == 1; + else + return 1; +#else +#ifdef HIDDEN_NORMAL_TEST + int *v = &visibility_var_normal; +#else + int *v = &visibility_var; +#endif + return *v == 2; +#endif +} + +int +visibility_checkvar () +{ +#ifdef WEAK_TEST + return 1; +#else +#ifdef HIDDEN_NORMAL_TEST + return visibility_var_normal == 2; +#else + return visibility_var == 2; +#endif +#endif +} + +void * +visibility_varptr () +{ +#ifdef WEAK_TEST + if (&visibility_var == NULL) + return NULL; + else +#endif + return &visibility_var; +} + +int +visibility_varval () +{ +#ifdef WEAK_TEST + if (&visibility_var == NULL) + return 0; + else +#endif + return visibility_var; +} + +#if defined (HIDDEN_TEST) || defined (HIDDEN_UNDEF_TEST) +asm (".hidden visibility"); +asm (".hidden visibility_var"); +#else +#if defined (PROTECTED_TEST) || defined (PROTECTED_UNDEF_TEST) || defined (PROTECTED_WEAK_TEST) +asm (".protected visibility"); +asm (".protected visibility_var"); +#endif +#endif + +#ifdef WEAK_TEST +asm (".weak visibility"); +asm (".weak visibility_var"); +#endif diff --git a/gnu/usr.bin/binutils/ld/testsuite/ld-elfvsb/sh2.c b/gnu/usr.bin/binutils/ld/testsuite/ld-elfvsb/sh2.c new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..6ed30bc52e1 --- /dev/null +++ b/gnu/usr.bin/binutils/ld/testsuite/ld-elfvsb/sh2.c @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +/* This is part of the shared library ld test. This file becomes part + of a shared library. */ + +/* This variable is defined here, and referenced by another file in + the shared library. */ +int shlibvar2 = 4; + +/* This function is called by another file in the shared library. */ + +int +shlib_shlibcalled () +{ + return 5; +} + +#ifdef DSO_DEFINE_TEST +int +visibility () +{ + return 2; +} + +int visibility_var = 2; +#endif |