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+.\" $OpenBSD: urtw.4,v 1.1 2008/11/27 14:08:07 kevlo Exp $
+.\"
+.\" Copyright (c) 2008 Weongyo Jeong
+.\" All rights reserved.
+.\"
+.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+.\" are met:
+.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+.\"
+.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
+.\"
+.Dd $Mdocdate: November 27 2008 $
+.Os
+.Dt URTW 4
+.Sh NAME
+.Nm urtw
+.Nd Realtek RTL8187L USB IEEE 802.11b/g wireless network device
+.Sh SYNOPSIS
+.Cd "urtw* at uhub? port ?"
+.Sh DESCRIPTION
+The
+.Nm
+driver supports USB 802.11b/g wireless adapters based on the
+Realtek RTL8187L.
+.Pp
+These are the modes the
+.Nm
+driver can operate in:
+.Bl -tag -width "IBSS-masterXX"
+.It BSS mode
+Also known as
+.Em infrastructure
+mode, this is used when associating with an access point, through
+which all traffic passes.
+This mode is the default.
+.It IBSS mode
+Also known as
+.Em IEEE ad-hoc
+mode or
+.Em peer-to-peer
+mode.
+This is the standardized method of operating without an access point.
+Stations associate with a service set.
+However, actual connections between stations are peer-to-peer.
+.It monitor mode
+In this mode the driver is able to receive packets without
+associating with an access point.
+This disables the internal receive filter and enables the card to
+capture packets from networks which it wouldn't normally have access to,
+or to scan for access points.
+.El
+.Pp
+The
+.Nm
+driver can be configured to use
+Wireless Equivalent Privacy (WEP) or
+Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA-PSK and WPA2-PSK).
+WPA is the de facto encryption standard for wireless networks.
+It is strongly recommended that WEP
+not be used as the sole mechanism
+to secure wireless communication,
+due to serious weaknesses in it.
+The
+.Nm
+driver relies on the software 802.11 stack for both encryption and decryption
+of data frames.
+.Pp
+The
+.Nm
+driver can be configured at runtime with
+.Xr ifconfig 8
+or on boot with
+.Xr hostname.if 5 .
+.Sh HARDWARE
+The following adapters should work:
+.Pp
+.Bl -tag -width Ds -offset indent -compact
+.It Netgear WG111v2
+.It Shuttle XPC Accessory PN20
+.El
+.Sh EXAMPLES
+The following
+.Xr hostname.if 5
+example configures urtw0 to join whatever network is available on boot,
+using WEP key
+.Dq 0x1deadbeef1 ,
+channel 11, obtaining an IP address using DHCP:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+dhcp NONE NONE NONE nwkey 0x1deadbeef1 chan 11
+.Ed
+.Pp
+The following
+.Xr hostname.if 5
+example creates a host-based access point on boot:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+inet 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 NONE media autoselect \e
+	mediaopt hostap nwid my_net chan 11
+.Ed
+.Pp
+Configure urtw0 to join network
+.Dq my_net
+using WPA-PSK with passphrase
+.Dq my_passphrase :
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+# ifconfig urtw0 nwid my_net wpa wpapsk \e
+	$(wpa-psk my_net my_passphrase)
+.Ed
+.Pp
+Return urtw0 to its default settings:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+# ifconfig urtw0 -bssid -chan media autoselect \e
+	nwid "" -nwkey -wpa -wpapsk
+.Ed
+.Pp
+Join an existing BSS network,
+.Dq my_net :
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+# ifconfig urtw0 192.168.1.1 netmask 0xffffff00 nwid my_net
+.Ed
+.Sh SEE ALSO
+.Xr arp 4 ,
+.Xr ifmedia 4 ,
+.Xr intro 4 ,
+.Xr netintro 4 ,
+.Xr usb 4 ,
+.Xr hostname.if 5 ,
+.Xr hostapd 8 ,
+.Xr ifconfig 8 ,
+.Xr wpa-psk 8
+.Pp
+RealTek Semiconductor:
+.Pa http://www.realtek.com.tw/
+.Sh HISTORY
+The
+.Nm
+device driver first appeared in
+.Ox 4.5 .
+.Sh AUTHORS
+The
+.Nm
+driver was written by
+.An Weongyo Jeong Aq weongyo@FreeBSD.org .