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+#once #create message
+.ND
+.tr %$
+.EQ
+delim $$
+.EN
+.LP
+The way to handle the problem of a subscript or superscript
+on nothing is to provide something to hang the subscript
+or superscript on.
+One possibility is to use a tilde, but that has a real width,
+and might spoil the appearance of the output.
+The best solution is this:
+
+ "" sup 1 ...
+
+The expression "" has no width, so everything works
+out properly. The use of "" may seem a bit unnatural
+but it's an idiom that you get used to quite quickly.
+
+For practice, modify "Example" so it produces
+output that looks like this,
+then type "ready".
+.pl 1
+#once #create Ref
+.LP
+.EQ
+"" sup + H sub 2 ~ "<=>" ~ "" sup - H ~+~ "" sup + H
+.EN
+.pl 1
+#once #create Example
+.LP
+.EQ
+xxx
+.EN
+.pl 1
+#
+#once neqn Ref | nroff >X1 &
+#once neqn message Ref | nroff -T$term %s/tinyms -
+#user
+neqn Example | nroff >X2
+#cmp X1 X2
+#fail
+Don't forget spaces; don't forget to quote
+things when needed (including <=>).
+#log
+#next
+11.1g 10