dnl dnl $OpenBSD: m4.common,v 1.26 2001/10/14 18:27:57 miod Exp $ dnl dnl simulate an include path with a macro 'includeit'. define(`includeit',`sinclude('INCLUDE/`$1)sinclude('INCLUDE/../`$1)')dnl dnl dnl dnl TopPart dnl Describes the beginning of the distribution files listing. dnl define(`TopPart', `The MACHINE-specific portion of the OpenBSD OSREV release is found in the "MACHINE" subdirectory of the distribution. That subdirectory is laid out as follows: .../OSREV/MACHINE/ INSTALL.MACHINE Installation notes; this file. CKSUM Output of the cksum(1) and md5(1) programs MD5 usable for verification of the correctness of downloaded files.')dnl dnl dnl Change the quote. There were too many `word' situations that would have dnl to have been changed to ``word''. The quote gets changed to {:- and -:}. dnl It can really be anything, but it needs to be unique. dnl changequote(`{:-',`-:}')dnl dnl dnl Conventions when editing: dnl o base`'OSrev is required because if it appears as baseOSrev the defined dnl value OSrev does not get substituted. Same goes for MACHINE, dnl MACHINE_ARCH and OSREV, assigned as cmd line parameters to m4 in the dnl Makefile. dnl o `include' and `define' is required as include and define are both m4 dnl reserved words that evaluate to NULL if not quoted. dnl dnl dnl ========== Distribution files description dnl (usually used by arch/contents) dnl dnl showsize(gzipped size, uncompressed size) dnl dnl If both the 1st and the 2nd argument exist, show the sizes. dnl Otherwise, evaluate to NULL. dnl showsize() must not be on a new line. It creates its own new line if dnl there are sizes to display, otherwise, evaluates to NULL dnl dnl XXX fix to allow - empty 1st arg, for files uncompressed dnl - empty 2nd arg, for files where only compressed size is dnl known dnl define({:-showsize-:},{:-ifelse(X$1,X,,X$2,X,,X,X,{:- [ $1 MB gzipped, $2 MB uncompressed ]-:})-:})dnl dnl dnl dnl dnl DistributionDescription( number of sets ) dnl Header paragraph before the individual sets descriptions. dnl define({:-DistributionDescription-:}, {:-The OpenBSD/MACHINE binary distribution sets contain the binaries which comprise the OpenBSD OSREV release for MACHINE systems. There are $1 binary distribution sets. The binary distribution sets can be found in the "MACHINE" subdirectory of the OpenBSD OSREV distribution tree, and are as follows:-:})dnl dnl dnl dnl OpenBSDbase( compressed size, uncompressed size [, shared]) dnl Describes baseXX.tgz. Put ``shared'' as third argument if shared libraries dnl are available. dnl define({:-OpenBSDbase-:}, {:- base{:--:}OSrev The OpenBSD/MACHINE OSREV base binary distribution. You MUST install this distribution set. It contains the base OpenBSD utilities that are necessary for the system to run and be minimally functional. ifelse(X$3,Xshared,{:-It includes shared library support, and excludes everything described below.-:},{:-It excludes everything described below.-:})showsize($1,$2)-:})dnl dnl dnl dnl OpenBSDcomp( compressed size, uncompressed size [, shared]) dnl Describes compXX.tgz. Put ``shared'' as third argument if shared libraries dnl are available. dnl define({:-OpenBSDcomp-:}, {:- comp{:--:}OSrev The OpenBSD/MACHINE Compiler tools. All of the tools relating to C, C++, and fortran are supported. This set includes the system {:-include-:} files (/usr/{:-include-:}), the linker, the compiler tool chain, and the various system libraries{:--:}ifelse(X$3,Xshared,{:- (except the shared libraries, which are included as part of the base set).-:},.) This set also includes the manual pages for all of the utilities it contains, as well as the system call and library manual pages.showsize($1,$2)-:})dnl dnl dnl dnl OpenBSDetc( compressed size, uncompressed size ) dnl Describes etcXX.tgz. dnl define({:-OpenBSDetc-:}, {:- etc{:--:}OSrev This distribution set contains the system configuration files that reside in /etc and in several other places. This set MUST be installed if you are installing the system from scratch, but should NOT be used if you are upgrading. (If you are upgrading, it's recommended that you get a copy of this set and CAREFULLY upgrade your configuration files by hand.)showsize($1,$2)-:})dnl dnl dnl dnl OpenBSDgame( compressed size, uncompressed size ) dnl Describes gameXX.tgz. dnl define({:-OpenBSDgame-:}, {:- game{:--:}OSrev This set includes the games and their manual pages.showsize($1,$2)-:})dnl dnl dnl dnl OpenBSDman( compressed size, uncompressed size ) dnl Describes manXX.tgz. dnl define({:-OpenBSDman-:}, {:- man{:--:}OSrev This set includes all of the manual pages for the binaries and other software contained in the base set. Note that it does not {:-include-:} any of the manual pages that are included in the other sets.showsize($1,$2)-:})dnl dnl dnl dnl OpenBSDmisc( compressed size, uncompressed size ) dnl Describes miscXX.tgz. dnl define({:-OpenBSDmisc-:}, {:- misc{:--:}OSrev This set includes the system dictionaries (which are rather large), the typesettable document set, and man pages for other architectures which happen to be installed from the source tree by default.showsize($1,$2)-:})dnl dnl dnl dnl OpenBSDxbase( compressed size, uncompressed size ) dnl Describes xbaseXX.tgz. dnl define({:-OpenBSDxbase-:}, {:- xbase{:--:}OSrev This set includes the base X distribution. This includes programs, headers, libraries, configuration files.showsize($1,$2)-:})dnl dnl dnl dnl OpenBSDxshare( compressed size, uncompressed size ) dnl Describes xshareXX.tgz. dnl define({:-OpenBSDxshare-:}, {:- xshare{:--:}OSrev This set includes all text files equivalent between all architectures.showsize($1,$2)-:})dnl dnl dnl dnl OpenBSDxfont( compressed size, uncompressed size ) dnl Describes xfontXX.tgz. dnl define({:-OpenBSDxfont-:}, {:- xfont{:--:}OSrev This set includes all of the X fonts.showsize($1,$2)-:})dnl dnl dnl dnl OpenBSDxserv(compressed size,uncompressed size,optional extra notes) dnl Describes xservXX.tgz. dnl define({:-OpenBSDxserv-:}, {:- xserv{:--:}OSrev This set includes all of the X servers.$3{:--:}showsize($1,$2)-:})dnl dnl dnl dnl Floppy and bootable cdrom stuff dnl define({:-OpenBSDfloppy-:}, {:- floppy{:--:}OSrev.fs The standard MACHINE boot and installation floppy; see below.-:})dnl define({:-OpenBSDcdrom-:}, {:- cdrom{:--:}OSrev.fs The MACHINE boot and installation 2.88mb floppy image that contains almost all OpenBSD drivers; see below.-:})dnl dnl dnl OpenBSDfloppydesc(number of floppies, Article, optional plural 's') dnl dnl Describe what the boot floppy/ies contain and how they may be used. dnl Use as: OpenBSDfloppydesc(single, The) or OpenBSDfloppydesc(three, Each, s) define({:-OpenBSDfloppydesc-:}, {:-Bootable installation/upgrade floppy image$3: The $1 floppy image$3 can be copied to a floppy using rawrite.exe, ntrw.exe or `dd', as described later in this document. $2 floppy image is a bootable install floppy which can be used both to install and to upgrade OpenBSD to the current version. It is also useful for maintenance and disaster recovery.-:})dnl dnl dnl dnl A few extra straightforward macros describing more components. dnl define({:-OpenBSDdistsets-:}, {:- *.tgz MACHINE binary distribution sets; see below.-:})dnl dnl define({:-OpenBSDbsd-:}, {:- bsd A stock GENERIC MACHINE kernel which will be installed on your system during the install.-:})dnl dnl define({:-OpenBSDrd-:}, {:- bsd.rd A compressed RAMDISK kernel; the embedded filesystem contains the installation tools. Used for simple installation from a pre- existing system.-:})dnl dnl define({:-OpenBSDminiroot-:}, {:- miniroot{:--:}OSrev.fs A miniroot filesystem image to be used if you for some reason can't or don't want to use the ramdisk installation method.-:})dnl dnl dnl dnl ========== Various Install Instructions dnl (usually used by arch/install) dnl dnl Short or longer installation introduction. The longer version warns dnl about disk geometry hell. define({:-OpenBSDInstallShortPrelude-:}, {:-Installing OpenBSD is a relatively complex process, but if you have this document in hand and are careful to read and remember the information which is presented to you by the install program, it shouldn't be too much trouble.-:})dnl dnl define({:-OpenBSDInstallPrelude-:}, {:-OpenBSDInstallShortPrelude Before you begin, you should know the geometry of your hard disk, i.e. the sector size (note that sector sizes other than 512 bytes are not currently supported), the number of sectors per track, the number of tracks per cylinder (also known as the number of heads), and the number of cylinders on the disk. The OpenBSD kernel will try to discover these parameters on its own, and if it can it will print them at boot time. If possible, you should use the parameters it prints. (You might not be able to because you're sharing your disk with another operating system, or because your disk is old enough that the kernel can't figure out its geometry.)-:})dnl dnl dnl OpenBSDInstallPart2 dnl Describes the beginning of the installation process, once the dnl installation media is ready. define({:-OpenBSDInstallPart2-:}, {:-You should now be ready to install OpenBSD. The following is a walk-through of the steps you will take while getting OpenBSD installed on your hard disk. If any question has a default answer, it will be displayed in brackets ("[]") after the question. If you wish to stop the installation, you may hit Control-C at any time, but if you do, you'll have to begin the installation process again from scratch. Using Control-Z to suspend the process may be a better option, or at any prompt enter '!' to get a shell, from which 'exit' will return you back to that prompt (no refresh of the prompt though).-:})dnl dnl dnl OpenBSDBootMsgs dnl Describes the boot of the ramdisk. define({:-OpenBSDBootMsgs-:}, {:- Once the kernel has loaded, you will be presented with the OpenBSD kernel boot messages. You will want to read them to determine your disk's name and geometry. Its name will be something like "sd0" or "wd0" and the geometry will be printed on a line that begins with its name. As mentioned above, you will need your disk's geometry when creating OpenBSD partitions. You will also need to know the device name to tell the install tools what disk to install on. If you cannot read the messages as they scroll by, do not worry -- you can get at this information later inside the install program.-:})dnl dnl dnl Notes for various installation methods. dnl define({:-OpenBSDFTPInstall-:}, {:- To install via FTP: To begin an FTP install you will need the following pieces of information. Don't be daunted by this list; the defaults are sufficient for most people. 1) Proxy server URL if you are using a URL-based ftp proxy (squid, CERN ftp, Apache 1.2 or higher). You need to {:-define-:} a proxy if you are behind a firewall that blocks outgoing ftp (assuming you have a proxy available to use). 2) Do you need to use active mode ftp? By default, ftp will attempt to use passive mode and fall back to an active connection if the server does not support passive mode. You only need to enable this option if you are connecting to a buggy ftp daemon that implements passive ftp incorrectly. Note that you will not be asked about active ftp if you are using a proxy. 3) The IP address (or hostname if you enabled DNS earlier in the install) of an ftp server carrying the OpenBSD OSREV distribution. If you don't know, just hit return when asked if you want to see a list of such hosts. 4) The ftp directory holding the distribution sets. The default value of pub/OpenBSD/OSREV/MACHINE is almost always correct. 5) The login and password for the ftp account. You will only be asked for a password for non-anonymous ftp. For instructions on how to complete the installation via ftp, see the section named "Common URL installations" below.-:})dnl dnl define({:-OpenBSDHTTPInstall-:}, {:- To install via HTTP: To begin an HTTP install you will need the following pieces of information: 1) Proxy server URL if you are using a URL-based http proxy (squid, CERN ftp, Apache 1.2 or higher). You need to {:-define-:} a proxy if you are behind a firewall that blocks outgoing http connections (assuming you have a proxy available to use). 2) The IP address (or hostname if you enabled DNS earlier in the install) of an http server carrying the OpenBSD OSREV distribution. If you don't know, just hit return when asked if you want to see a list of such hosts. 3) The directory holding the distribution sets. There is no standard location for this; You should use the directory specified along with the server in the list of official http mirror sites that you received in step 3. For instructions on how to complete the installation via http, see the section named "Common URL installations" below.-:})dnl dnl dnl For arches where you can create a boot tape, $1 can be set as the dnl file index of the first set, after the boot files. define({:-OpenBSDTAPEInstall-:}, {:- To install from tape: In order to install from tape, the distribution sets to be installed must have been written to tape previously, either in tar format or gzip-compressed tar format. You will also have to identify the tape device where the distribution sets are to be extracted from. This will typically be "nrst0" (no-rewind, raw interface). Next you will have to provide the file number of the set that is to be extracted. Note that the file number starts at 1, which is the first file written to the tape{:--:}ifelse(X$1,X,,{:-, unless you have created a bootable tape, in which case the file number starts at $1-:}). The install program will not automatically detect whether an image has been compressed, so it will ask for that information before starting the extraction.-:})dnl dnl define({:-OpenBSDCDROMInstall-:}, {:- To install from CD-ROM: When installing from a CD-ROM, you will be asked which device holds the distribution sets. This will typically be "cd0". Next you will be asked which partition on the CD-ROM the distribution is to be loaded from. This is normally partition "a". Next you will have to identify the file system type that has been used to create the distribution on the CD-ROM, this can be either FFS or ISO CD9660. The OpenBSD CD distribution uses the CD9660 format. You will also have to provide the relative path to the directory on the CD which holds the distribution, for the MACHINE this is "OSREV/MACHINE". For instructions on how to complete the installation from the CD-ROM distribution, see the section named "Common file system installations" below.-:})dnl dnl define({:-OpenBSDNFSInstall-:}, {:- To install from a NFS mounted directory: When installing from a NFS-mounted directory, you must have completed network configuration above, and also set up the exported file system on the NFS server in advance. First you must identify the IP address of the NFS server to load the distribution from, and the file system the server expects you to mount. The install program will also ask whether or not TCP should be used for transport (the default is UDP). Note that TCP only works with newer NFS servers. You will also have to provide the relative path to the directory on the file system where the distribution sets are located. Note that this path should not be prefixed with a '/'. For instructions on how to complete the installation from the CD-ROM distribution, see the section named "Common file system installations" below.-:})dnl dnl dnl OpenBSDDISKInstall({:- or-:}, <-- $1 dnl {:-only -:}, <-- $2 dnl {:- or -:}) <-- $3 dnl dnl Note the spacing used above. It is crucial to keep words from running dnl together in the actual document. dnl dnl Arg 1 is optional. dnl Choices for args 2 & 3: dnl - OpenBSDDISKInstall(,{:-only -:}) dnl (only have 1 fs possible, ffs) dnl - OpenBSDDISKInstall(,,{:-or -:}) dnl (have another fs possible for reading during disk install) dnl dnl see $1, $2, and $3 below for further usage information. dnl define({:-OpenBSDDISKInstall-:}, {:- To install from a local disk partition: When installing from a local disk partition, you will first have to identify which disk holds the distribution sets. This is normally $1"sdN" where N is a number 0 through 9. Next you will have to identify the partition within that disk that holds the distribution, this is a single letter between 'a' and 'p'. You will also have to identify the type of file system residing in the partition identified. Currently, you can $2{:--:}install from partitions that has been formatted as the Berkeley fast file system (ffs)$3. You will also have to provide the relative path to the directory on the file system where the distribution sets are located. Note that this path should not be prefixed with a '/'. For instructions on how to complete the installation from the a local disk partition, see the next section.-:})dnl dnl define({:-OpenBSDCommonFS-:}, {:- Common file system installations: The following instructions are common to installations from local disk partitions, NFS mounted directories and CD-ROMs. A list of available distribution sets will be listed. You may individually select distribution sets to install or enter `all' to install all of the sets (which is what most users will want to do). You may also enter `list' to get a file list or `done' when you are done selecting distribution sets. You may also use wildcards in place of a file name, e.g. `*.tgz' or even `base*|comp*'. It is also possible to enter an arbitrary filename and have it treated as a file set. Once you have selected the file sets you want to install and entered `done' you will be prompted to verify that you really do want to extract file sets. Assuming you acquiesce, the files will begin to extract. If not, you will be given the option of installing sets via one of the other install methods.-:})dnl dnl define({:-OpenBSDCommonURL-:}, {:- Common URL installations: Once you have entered the required information, the install program will fetch a file list and present a list of all the distribution sets that were found in the specified directory. (If no valid sets were found, you will be notified and given the option of unpacking any gzipped tar files found or getting a file list if none were found.) At this point you may individually select distribution sets to install or enter `all' to install all of the sets (which is what most users will want to do). You may also enter `list' to get a file list or `done' when you are done selecting distribution sets. You may also use wildcards in place of a file name, e.g. `*.tgz' or even `base*|comp*'. It is also possible to enter an arbitrary filename and have it treated as a file set. Once you have selected the file sets you want to install and entered `done' you will be prompted to verify that you really do want to download and install the files. Assuming you acquiesce, the files will begin to download and unpack. If not, you will be given the option of installing sets via one of the other install methods. When all the selected distribution sets has been extracted, you will be allowed to select which time zone your system will be using, all the device nodes needed by the installed system will be created for you and the file systems will be unmounted. For this to work properly, it is expected that you have installed at least the "base{:--:}OSrev", "etc{:--:}OSrev", and "bsd" distribution sets.-:})dnl dnl define({:-OpenBSDCongratulations-:}, {:-Congratulations, you have successfully installed OpenBSD OSREV. When you reboot into OpenBSD, you should log in as "root" at the login prompt. You should create yourself an account and protect it and the "root" account with good passwords. You should have got a mail from the install program we recommend you to read, it contains answers to basic questions you might have about OpenBSD (like setting up your system, installing packages, getting more information about OpenBSD, sending in your dmesg output and more). This you can do by running mail and then just enter "1" to get the first message. You quit mail by entering "q". Some of the files in the OpenBSD OSREV distribution might need to be tailored for your site. We recommend you run: man afterboot which will tell you about a bunch of the files needing to be reviewed. If you are unfamiliar with UN*X-like system administration, it's recommended that you buy a book that discusses it.-:})dnl dnl dnl dnl ========== Upgrade instructions dnl (usually used by arch/upgrade) dnl dnl OpenBSDUpgrade({:--:})dnl dnl Parameter is optional. define({:-OpenBSDUpgrade-:}, {:-To upgrade OpenBSD OSREV from a previous version, start with the general instructions in the section "Installing OpenBSD". Boot from $1. When prompted, select the (U)pgrade option rather than the (I)nstall option at the prompt in the install process. The upgrade script will ask you for the existing root partition, and will use the existing filesystems defined in /etc/fstab to install the new system in. It will also use your existing network parameters. From then, the upgrade procedure is very close to the installation procedure described earlier in this document. Note that the upgrade procedure will not let you pick the ``etc{:--:}OSrev.tgz'' set, so as to preserve your files in `/etc' which you are likely to have customized since a previous installation. However, it is strongly advised that you unpack the etc{:--:}OSrev.tgz set in a temporary directory and merge changes by hand, since all components of your system may not function correctly until your files in `/etc' are updated.-:})dnl dnl dnl dnl ========== Installation media preparation dnl (usually used by arch/xfer) dnl dnl Generic preparation introduction, after the list of various sources. dnl Use the short version unless there are too many methods, in this case dnl the long versions adds a ``don't panic!'' notice. define({:-OpenBSDXferShortPrelude-:}, {:-The steps necessary to prepare the distribution sets for installation depend on which method of installation you choose. Some methods require a bit of setup first that is explained below. The installation allows installing OpenBSD directly from FTP mirror sites over the internet, however you must consider the speed and reliability of your internet connection for this option. It may save much time and frustration to use ftp get/reget to transfer the distribution sets to a local server or disk and perform the installation from there, rather than directly from the internet.-:})dnl define({:-OpenBSDXferPrelude-:}, {:-OpenBSDXferShortPrelude The variety of options listed may seem confusing, but situations vary widely in terms of what peripherals and what sort of network arrangements a user has, the intent is to provide some way that will be practical.-:})dnl dnl dnl Various floppy generation instructions. dnl define({:-OpenBSDXferFloppyFromDOS-:}, {:-Creating a bootable floppy disk using DOS/Windows: First you need to get access to the OpenBSD bootable floppy images. If you can access the distribution from the CD-ROM under DOS, you will find the bootable disks in the OSREV/MACHINE directory. Otherwise, you will have to download them from one of the OpenBSD ftp or http mirror sites, using an ftp client or a web browser. In either case, take care to do "binary" transfers, since these are images files and any DOS cr/lf translations or control/z EOF interpretations will result in corrupted transfers. You will also need to go to the "tools" directory and grab a copy of the rawrite.exe utility and its documentation. This program is needed to correctly copy the bootable filesystem image to the floppy, since it's an image of a unix partition containing a ffs filesystem, not a MSDOS format diskette. Once you have installed rawrite.exe, just run it and specify the name of the bootable image, such as "floppy{:--:}OSrev.fs" and the name of the floppy drive, such as "a:". Be sure to use good quality HD (1.44MB) floppies, formatted on the system you're using. The image copy and boot process is not especially tolerant of read errors. Note that if you are using NT to write the images to disk, you will need to use ntrw.exe instead. It is also available in the "tools" directory. Grab it and run in with the correct arguments like this "ntrw :" Note that, when installing, the boot floppy can be write-protected (i.e read-only).-:})dnl dnl define({:-OpenBSDXferFloppyFromUNIX-:}, {:-Creating a bootable floppy disk using SunOS, Solaris or other Un*x-like system: First, you will need obtain a local copy of the bootable filesystem image as described above. If possible use the cksum(1) or md5(1) commands to verify the checksums of the images vs. the values in the CKSUM or MD5 files on the mirror site. Next, use the dd(1) utility to copy the file to the floppy drive. The command would likely be, under SunOS: dd if=floppy{:--:}OSrev.fs of=/dev/rfd0c bs=36b and, under Solaris: dd if=floppy{:--:}OSrev.fs of=/dev/rdiskette0 bs=36b but you may need to turn off the volume management daemon, vold(1M), before attempting the copy. If you are using another operating system, you may have to adapt this to conform to local naming conventions for the floppy and options suitable for copying to a "raw" floppy image. The key issue is that the device name used for the floppy *must* be one that refers to the correct block device, not a partition or compatibility mode, and the copy command needs to be compatible with the requirement that writes to a raw device must be in multiples of 512-byte blocks. The variations are endless and beyond the scope of this document. If you're doing this on the system you intend to boot the floppy on, copying the floppy back to a file and doing a compare or checksum is a good way to verify that the floppy is readable and free of read/write errors. Note that, when installing, the boot floppy can be write-protected (i.e. read-only).-:})dnl dnl dnl Tape preparation instructions. dnl dnl OpenBSDXferBareTape describes how to set up a non-bootable distribution dnl tape, and takes as an optional argument, the list of X11 sets which dnl may be put on the tape. define({:-OpenBSDXferBareTape-:}, {:-Create an installation tape: While you won't be able to boot OpenBSD from a tape, you can use one to provide the installation sets. To do so, you need to make a tape that contains the distribution set files, each in "tar" format or in "gzipped tar format". First you will need to transfer the distribution sets to your local system, using ftp or by mounting the CD-ROM containing the release. Then you need to make a tape containing the files. If you're making the tape on a UN*X-like system, the easiest way to do so is make a shell script along the following lines, call it "/tmp/maketape". #! /bin/sh TAPE=${TAPE:-/dev/nrst0} mt -f ${TAPE} rewind for file in base etc comp game man misc $1 do dd if=${file}OSrev.tgz of=${TAPE} obs=8k conv=sync done tar cf ${TAPE} bsd mt -f ${TAPE} offline # end of script And then: cd .../OSREV/MACHINE sh -x /tmp/maketape If you're using a system other than OpenBSD or SunOS, the tape name and other requirements may change. You can override the default device name (/dev/nrst0) with the TAPE environment variable. For example, under Solaris, you would probably run: TAPE=/dev/rmt/0n sh -x /tmp/maketape Note that, when installing, the tape can be write-protected (i.e. read-only).-:})dnl dnl OpenBSDXferBootTape describes how to set up a non-bootable distribution dnl tape, and takes as first argument, the list of X11 sets which may be put dnl on the tape. Then at least one, and up to three arguments list the first dnl files to be put on the tape to make it bootable. Each filename can be dnl followed by dd(1) arguments (such as conv=sync). define({:-OpenBSDXferBootTape-:}, {:-Create an (optionally bootable) installation tape: To install OpenBSD from a tape, you need to make a tape that contains the distribution set files, each in "tar" format or in "gzipped tar format". First you will need to transfer the distribution sets to your local system, using ftp or by mounting the CD-ROM containing the release. Then you need to make a tape containing the files. If you're making the tape on a UN*X-like system, the easiest way to do so is make a shell script along the following lines, call it "/tmp/maketape". #! /bin/sh TAPE=${TAPE:-/dev/nrst0} mt -f ${TAPE} rewind if test {:-$-:}# -lt 1 then dd of=${TAPE} if=$2 ifelse(X$3,X,,{:- dd of=${TAPE} if=$3 -:})dnl ifelse(X$4,X,,{:- dd of=${TAPE} if=$4 -:})dnl fi for file in base etc comp game man misc $1 do dd if=${file}OSrev.tgz of=${TAPE} obs=8k conv=sync done tar cf ${TAPE} bsd mt -f ${TAPE} offline # end of script And then: cd .../OSREV/MACHINE sh -x /tmp/maketape Note that, by default, this script creates a bootable tape. If you only want to fetch the OpenBSD files from tape, but want to boot from another device, you can save time and space creating the tape this way: cd .../OSREV/MACHINE sh -x /tmp/maketape noboot If you're using a system other than OpenBSD or SunOS, the tape name and other requirements may change. You can override the default device name (/dev/nrst0) with the TAPE environment variable. For example, under Solaris, you would probably run: TAPE=/dev/rmt/0n sh -x /tmp/maketape Note that, when installing, the tape can be write-protected (i.e. read-only).-:})dnl dnl define({:-OpenBSDXferNFS-:}, {:-To install OpenBSD using a remote partition, mounted via NFS, you must do the following: NOTE: This method of installation is recommended only for those already familiar with using BSD network configuration and management commands. If you aren't, this documentation should help, but is not intended to be all-encompassing. Place the OpenBSD distribution sets you wish to install into a directory on an NFS server, and make that directory mountable by the machine on which you are installing or upgrading OpenBSD. This will probably require modifying the /etc/exports file of the NFS server and resetting its mount daemon (mountd). (Both of these actions will probably require superuser privileges on the server.) You need to know the numeric IP address of the NFS server, and, if the server is not on a network directly connected to the machine on which you're installing or upgrading OpenBSD, you need to know the numeric IP address of the router closest to the OpenBSD machine. Finally, you need to know the numeric IP address of the OpenBSD machine itself. Once the NFS server is set up properly and you have the information mentioned above, you can proceed to the next step in the installation or upgrade process. If you're installing OpenBSD from scratch, go to the section on preparing your hard disk, below. If you're upgrading an existing installation, go directly to the section on upgrading.-:})dnl dnl define({:-OpenBSDXferFFS-:}, {:-If you are upgrading OpenBSD, you also have the option of installing OpenBSD by putting the new distribution sets somewhere in your existing file system, and using them from there. To do that, do the following: Place the distribution sets you wish to upgrade somewhere in your current file system tree. At a bare minimum, you must upgrade the "base" binary distribution, and so must put the "base{:--:}OSrev" set somewhere in your file system. It is recommended that you upgrade the other sets, as well.-:})dnl dnl