dnl dnl $OpenBSD: m4.common,v 1.133 2022/03/24 20:46:56 krw Exp $ dnl dnl Copyright (c) 2004 Todd T. Fries dnl dnl Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any dnl purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above dnl copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies. dnl dnl THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES dnl WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF dnl MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR dnl ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES dnl WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN dnl ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF dnl OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE. dnl dnl simulate an include path with a macro 'includeit'. define(`includeit',`sinclude('INCLUDE/`$1)sinclude('INCLUDE/../`$1)')dnl dnl dnl dnl TopPart dnl Describes the beginning of the distribution files listing. dnl define(`TopPart', `The MACHINE-specific portion of the OpenBSD OSREV release is found in the "MACHINE" subdirectory of the distribution. That subdirectory is laid out as follows: .../OSREV/MACHINE/ INSTALL.MACHINE Installation notes; this file. SHA256 Output of the cksum(1) program using the option -a sha256, usable for verification of the correctness of downloaded files. SHA256.sig The above file, signed with the OpenBSD signing key for the OSREV release, usable for verification of the integrity of the above file, and thus of the downloaded files.')dnl dnl dnl Change the quote. There were too many `word' situations that would dnl have to have been changed to ``word''. The quote gets changed to dnl {:- and -:}. It can really be anything, but it needs to be unique. dnl changequote(`{:-',`-:}')dnl dnl dnl Conventions when editing: dnl o base`'OSrev is required because if it appears as baseOSrev the dnl defined value OSrev does not get substituted. Same goes for MACHINE, dnl MACHINE_ARCH and OSREV, assigned as cmd line parameters to m4 in the dnl Makefile. dnl o `include', `define' and `shift' is required as these three words dnl are m4 reserved words that evaluate to an empty string if not quoted. dnl dnl dnl ========== Distribution files description dnl (usually used by arch/contents) dnl dnl printsize(value) dnl dnl Prints a size in KB if it is less than 10^6, in MB otherwise. dnl The size is rounded down (this means you can still get 0.9 MB for dnl a size between 1,000,000 and 1,048,576 bytes). dnl Used by showsize() below. dnl define({:-printsize-:},{:-ifelse(substr($1,6),,dnl eval($1/1024).eval($1*10/1024%10) KB,dnl eval($1/1024/1024).eval($1/1024*10/1024%10) MB)-:})dnl dnl dnl showsize(gzipped size, uncompressed size) dnl dnl If both the 1st and the 2nd argument exist, show the sizes. dnl Otherwise, evaluate to NULL. dnl showsize() must not be on a new line. It creates its own new line if dnl there are sizes to display, otherwise, evaluates to NULL dnl dnl XXX fix to allow - empty 1st arg, for files uncompressed dnl - empty 2nd arg, for files where only compressed size dnl is known dnl define({:-showsize-:},{:-ifelse(X$1,X,,X$2,X,,X,X,{:- [ printsize($1) gzipped, printsize($2) uncompressed ]-:})-:})dnl dnl dnl dnl dnl DistributionDescription( number of sets ) dnl Header paragraph before the individual sets descriptions. dnl define({:-DistributionDescription-:}, {:-The OpenBSD/MACHINE binary distribution sets contain the binaries which comprise the OpenBSD OSREV release for MACHINE systems. There are $1 binary distribution sets. The binary distribution sets can be found in the "MACHINE" subdirectory of the OpenBSD OSREV distribution tree, and are as follows:-:})dnl dnl dnl dnl OpenBSDbase( compressed size, uncompressed size ) dnl Describes baseXX.tgz. dnl define({:-OpenBSDbase-:}, {:- base{:--:}OSrev The OpenBSD/MACHINE OSREV base binary distribution. You MUST install this distribution set. It contains the base OpenBSD utilities that are necessary for the system to run and be minimally functional. ifelse(MDSO,,{:-It excludes everything described below.-:},{:-It includes shared library support, and excludes everything described below.-:})showsize($1,$2)-:})dnl dnl dnl dnl OpenBSDcomp( compressed size, uncompressed size ) dnl Describes compXX.tgz. dnl define({:-OpenBSDcomp-:}, {:- comp{:--:}OSrev The OpenBSD/MACHINE Compiler tools. All of the tools relating to C and C++ are supported. This set includes the system {:-include-:} files (/usr/{:-include-:}), the linker, the compiler toolchain, and the various system libraries{:--:}ifelse(MDSO,,.,{:- (except the shared libraries, which are included as part of the base set).-:}) This set also includes the manual pages for all of the utilities it contains, as well as the system call and library manual pages.showsize($1,$2)-:})dnl dnl dnl dnl OpenBSDgame( compressed size, uncompressed size ) dnl Describes gameXX.tgz. dnl define({:-OpenBSDgame-:}, {:- game{:--:}OSrev This set includes the games and their manual pages.showsize($1,$2)-:})dnl dnl dnl dnl OpenBSDman( compressed size, uncompressed size ) dnl Describes manXX.tgz. dnl define({:-OpenBSDman-:}, {:- man{:--:}OSrev This set includes all of the manual pages for the binaries and other software contained in the base set. Note that it does not {:-include-:} any of the manual pages that are included in the other sets.showsize($1,$2)-:})dnl dnl dnl dnl OpenBSDxbase( compressed size, uncompressed size ) dnl Describes xbaseXX.tgz. dnl define({:-OpenBSDxbase-:}, {:- xbase{:--:}OSrev This set includes the base X distribution. This includes programs, headers and libraries.showsize($1,$2)-:})dnl dnl dnl dnl OpenBSDxshare( compressed size, uncompressed size ) dnl Describes xshareXX.tgz. dnl define({:-OpenBSDxshare-:}, {:- xshare{:--:}OSrev This set includes all text files equivalent between all architectures.showsize($1,$2)-:})dnl dnl dnl dnl OpenBSDxfont( compressed size, uncompressed size ) dnl Describes xfontXX.tgz. dnl define({:-OpenBSDxfont-:}, {:- xfont{:--:}OSrev This set includes all of the X fonts.showsize($1,$2)-:})dnl dnl dnl dnl OpenBSDxserv(compressed size,uncompressed size,optional extra notes) dnl Describes xservXX.tgz. dnl define({:-OpenBSDxserv-:}, {:- xserv{:--:}OSrev This set includes all of the X servers.$3{:--:}showsize($1,$2)-:})dnl dnl dnl dnl Floppy and bootable cdrom stuff dnl define({:-OpenBSDfloppy-:}, {:- floppy{:--:}OSrev.img The standard MACHINE boot and installation floppy; see below.-:})dnl dnl define({:-OpenBSDinstalliso-:}, {:- install{:--:}OSrev.iso The MACHINE boot and installation CD-ROM image, which contains the base and X sets, so that install or upgrade can be done without network connectivity.-:})dnl define({:-OpenBSDcd-:}, {:- cd{:--:}OSrev.iso A simple bootable filesystem image consisting of the bsd.rd installation kernel, suitable to be used as a bootable CD-ROM image, but will require the base and X sets be found via another media or network.-:})dnl dnl dnl OpenBSDfloppydesc(number of floppies, Article, plural) dnl dnl Describe what the boot floppy/ies contain and how they may be used. dnl Use as: OpenBSDfloppydesc(single,The) or OpenBSDfloppydesc(three,Each,s) define({:-OpenBSDfloppydesc-:}, {:-Bootable installation/upgrade floppy image$3: The $1 floppy image$3 can be copied to a floppy using rawrite.exe, ntrw.exe, or "dd", as described later in this document. $2 floppy image is a bootable install floppy which can be used both to install and to upgrade OpenBSD to the current version. It is also useful for maintenance and disaster recovery.-:})dnl dnl dnl dnl A few extra straightforward macros describing more components. dnl define({:-OpenBSDdistsets-:}, {:- *.tgz MACHINE binary distribution sets; see below.-:})dnl dnl define({:-OpenBSDbsd-:}, {:- bsd A stock GENERIC MACHINE kernel which will be installed on your system during the install.-:})dnl dnl define({:-OpenBSDbsdmp-:}, {:- bsd.mp A stock GENERIC.MP MACHINE kernel, with support for multiprocessor machines, which can be used instead of the GENERIC kernel after the install.-:})dnl dnl define({:-OpenBSDrd-:}, {:- bsd.rd A compressed RAMDISK kernel; the embedded filesystem contains the installation tools. Used for simple installation from a pre-existing system.-:})dnl dnl define({:-OpenBSDminiroot-:}, {:- miniroot{:--:}OSrev.img A miniroot filesystem image to be used if you for some reason can't or don't want to use the ramdisk installation method.-:})dnl dnl define({:-OpenBSDinstallfs-:}, {:- install{:--:}OSrev.img A boot and installation image which contains the base and X sets. An install or upgrade can be done with a USB key without network connectivity.-:})dnl dnl dnl dnl ========== Various Install Instructions dnl (usually used by arch/install) dnl dnl OpenBSDInstallPrelude(troublesome disk types) dnl dnl Installation introduction. Warns about disk geometry hell if argument dnl is not empty. define({:-OpenBSDInstallPrelude-:}, {:-Installing OpenBSD is a relatively simple process. If you take your time and are careful to read the information presented by the installer, you shouldn't have any trouble.ifelse(X$1,X,,{:- If the disks connected to your machine are $1, it is recommended that you know their geometry, i.e. the sector size (note that sector sizes other than 512 bytes are not currently supported), the number of sectors per track, the number of tracks per cylinder (also known as the number of heads), and the number of cylinders on the disk. The OpenBSD kernel will try to discover these parameters on its own, and if it can it will print them at boot time. If possible, you should use the parameters it prints. (You might not be able to because you're sharing your disk with another operating system, or because your disk is old enough that the kernel can't figure out its geometry.)-:})-:})dnl dnl dnl OpenBSDInstallPart2 dnl Describes the beginning of the installation process, once the dnl installation media is ready. define({:-OpenBSDInstallPart2-:}, {:-You should now be ready to install OpenBSD. The following is a walk-through of the steps you will take while getting OpenBSD installed on your hard disk. The installation procedure is designed to gather as much information about your system setup as possible at the beginning, so that no human interaction is required as soon as the questions are over. The order of these questions might be quite disconcerting if you are used to other installation procedures, including older OpenBSD versions. If any question has a default answer, it will be displayed in brackets ("[]") after the question. If you wish to stop the installation, you may hit Control-C at any time, but if you do, you'll have to begin the installation process again from scratch. Using Control-Z to suspend the process may be a better option, or at any prompt enter "!" to get a shell, from which "exit" will return you back to that prompt. -:})dnl dnl dnl OpenBSDInstallPart3(warn geometry, disk type, disk type, disk type) dnl dnl Describes the boot of the ramdisk. dnl Describes the serial terminal setup. define({:-OpenBSDInstallPart3-:}, {:- Once the kernel has loaded, you will be presented with the OpenBSD kernel boot messages which contain information about the hardware that was detected and supported by OpenBSD. dnl dot.profile After the kernel is done initializing, you will be asked whether you wish to do an "(I)nstall", "(U)pgrade" or an "(A)utoinstall". Enter "I" for a fresh install or "U" to upgrade an existing installation. Enter "A" to start an unattended installation where all of your answers are supplied in a response file (more on that in "Preparing an unattended installation of OpenBSD"). dnl install.sub set_term ifelse(MDX,, {:- You will next be asked for your terminal type.-:}, {:- If you are connected with a serial console, you will next be asked for your terminal type.-:})dnl You should choose the terminal type from amongst those listed. (If your terminal type is xterm, just use vt220).dnl ifelse(MDKBD,,,{:- If you are connected using a glass console, you will next be asked for your keyboard layout (the default being the US QWERTY layout). Depending on your keyboard type, not all international layouts may be supported; answering "?" (which, on QWERTY layouts, is the key to the left of the right "sh{:--:}ift" key, shifted) will display a list of supported layouts. (If you do not need to change the keyboard layout, just press enter.)-:})dnl -:})dnl dnl dnl OpenBSDInstallPart4 dnl dnl Describes the beginning of the bsd.rd operation. dnl define({:-OpenBSDInstallPart4-:},dnl dnl install.sub (install) hostname {:- The first question you will be asked is the system hostname. Reply with the name of the system, without any domain part. dnl install.sub (install) donetconfig You will now be given an opportunity to configure the network. The network configuration you enter (if any) can then be used to do the install from another system using HTTP, and will also be the configuration used by the system after the installation is complete. dnl XXX add a MDVLAN feature and document vlan setup The install program will give you a list of network interfaces you can configure. For each network interface you select to configure, you will be asked for: - the symbolic host name to use (except for the first interface setup, which will reuse the host name entered at the beginning of the installation). - the IPv4 settings: address and netmask. If the IP address should be obtained from a DHCP server, simply enter "dhcp" when asked for the address. - the IPv6 settings (address, prefix length, and default router). You may enter "autoconf" when asked for the address for the interface to configure automatically via router solicitation messages. After all interfaces have been configured, if there have been any IPv4 interfaces set up, you will be asked for the IPv4 default route. This step is skipped if you only have one IPv4 interface setup, and it is configured with DHCP. The install program will also ask you for your DNS domain name, and the domain name servers, unless this information has already been obtained from a DHCP server during interface setup. dnl install.sub (install) askpassword root You will then be asked to enter the initial root password of the system, twice. Although the install program will only check that the two passwords match, you should make sure to use a strong password. As a minimum, the password should be at least eight characters long and a mixture of both lower and uppercase letters, numbers and punctuation characters. dnl install.sub (install) questions(): sshd/ntpd You will then be asked whether you want to start sshd(8) by default. dnl dnl install.sub (install) questions(): MDXAPERTURE ifelse(MDXAPERTURE,,,{:- You will next be asked whether you intend to run the X Window System on your machine. The install program needs to know this, to change a configuration setting controlling whether the X server will be able to access the xf86(4) driver; it is not necessary to answer "y" to this question if you only intend to run X client programs on a remote display. -:})dnl dnl install.sub (install) questions(): MDXDM ifelse(MDXDM,,, {:-ifelse(MDXAPERTURE,,{:- Since the X Window System can run on OpenBSD/MACHINE without the need for a configuration file, you will get asked-:}, {:- If you answered "y" to this question, you will get asked-:}) whether you want to start xenodm(1) on boot. -:})dnl dnl install.sub (install) questions(): serial console setup ifelse(MDSERCONS,,,{:- If you are installing using a serial console, and since by default, the OpenBSD/MACHINE installation will only start terminals on the primary display device, the installation program will ask you whether you want to also enable an additional terminal on that line, and will allow you to select the line speed. -:})dnl dnl install.sub (install) user_setup() You will now be given the possibility to set up a user account on the forthcoming system. This user will be added to the "wheel" group. Enter the desired login name, or "n" if you do not want to add a user account at this point. Valid login names are sequences of digits and lowercase letters, and must start with a lowercase letter. If the login name matches this criteria, and doesn't conflict with any of the administrative user accounts (such as "root", "daemon" or "ftp"), you will be prompted for the user's descriptive name, as well as its password, twice. As for the root password earlier, the install program will only check that the two passwords match, but you should make sure to use a strong password here as well. If you have chosen to set up a user account, and you had chosen to start sshd(8) on boot, you will be asked if you want to allow sshd(8) logins as root. dnl install.sub (install) set_timezone ifelse(MDTZ,,, {:- Depending on the installation media you are using, you may now be given the opportunity to configure the time zone your system will use. If the installation program skips this question, do not be alarmed: the time zone will be configured at the end of the installation. -:})dnl dnl install.sh ask whether to use DUIDs before the md_prep_disklabel loop The installation program will now tell you which disks it can install on, and ask you which it should use. Reply with the name of your root disk.-:})dnl dnl install.sh md_prep_disklabel loop dnl dnl OpenBSDInstallMBRPart1 dnl Describes MBR partitioning. So much to save four lines of text dnl duplicated 5 times. dnl define({:-OpenBSDInstallMBRPart1-:}, {:- Disks on OpenBSD/MACHINE are partitioned using either "MBR" or "GPT" partitioning schemes. You will need to create one disk partition in which the OpenBSD filesystems will be created. -:})dnl dnl dnl OpenBSDInstallMBRPart2(needs OpenBSD partition active) dnl Describes fdisk invocation dnl define({:-OpenBSDInstallMBRPart2-:}, dnl install.md md_prep_fdisk {:- The installation program will ask you if you want to use the whole disk for OpenBSD. If you don't need to or don't intend to share the disk with other operating systems, answer "w" here to use "MBR" partitioning or "g" to use "GPT" partitioning. The installation program will then create a single partition spanning the whole disk, dedicated to OpenBSD. Otherwise, fdisk(8) will be invoked to let you to edit your partitioning. The current partitions defined will be displayed and you will be allowed to modify them, add new partitions, and change which partition to boot from by default. ifelse(X$1,X,, {:- Note that you should make the OpenBSD partition the active partition at least until the install has been completed. -:})dnl After your OpenBSD partition has been created, dividing the space into filesystems can follow. -:})dnl dnl dnl OpenBSDInstallPart5(mention about other OS partitions,mention about root dnl partition limitations) dnl Describes the disklabel operation dnl define({:-OpenBSDInstallPart5-:}, {:- The file system layout is stored in the OpenBSD disk label. Each file system is stored in its own "disk label partition", which is a subdivision of the OpenBSD disk partition you created. In the text below, "partition" refers to these subdivisions. You will be shown a default layout with the recommended file systems. This default layout is based on the disk size. You will be given the choice of accepting the proposed layout, editing it, or creating your own custom layout. These last two choices will invoke the disklabel(8) interactive editor, allowing you to create your desired layout. Within the editor, you will see at least a "c" partition of fstype "unused". This represents the whole disk and cannot be modified.$1 You must create partition "a" as a native OpenBSD partition, i.e. one with "4.2BSD" as the fstype, to hold the root file system.$2 In addition to partition "a" you should create partition "b" with fstype "swap", and native OpenBSD partitions to hold separate file systems such as /usr, /tmp, /var, and /home. You will need to provide a mount point for all partitions you {:-define-:}. Partitions without mount points, or not of the 4.2BSD fstype, will neither be formatted nor mounted during the installation. For quick help while in the interactive editor, enter "?". The "z" command (which deletes all partitions and starts with a clean label), the "A" command (which performs the automatic partition layout) and the "n" command (to change mount points) are of particular interest. Although the partitions' position and size are written in exact sector values, you do not need a calculator to create your partitions! Human-friendly units can be specified by adding "k", "m" or "g" after any numbers to have them converted to kilobytes, megabytes or gigabytes. Or you may specify a percentage of the disk size using "%" as the suffix. Enter "M" to view the entire manual page (see the info on the "-E" flag). To exit the editor enter "q".-:})dnl dnl dnl OpenBSDInstallPart6(other installation sources) define({:-OpenBSDInstallPart6-:}, {:- After the layout has been saved, new filesystems will be created on all partitions with mount points. This will DESTROY ALL EXISTING DATA on those partitions. After configuring your root disk, the installer will return to the list of available disks to configure. You can choose the other disks to use with OpenBSD in any order, and will get to set up their layout similarly to the root disk above. However, for non-root disks, you will not be proposed a default partition layout. When all your disks are configured, simply hit return at the disk prompt. After these preparatory steps have been completed, you will be able to extract the distribution sets onto your system. There are several install methods supported: HTTP, $1or a local disk partition.-:})dnl dnl dnl Notes for various installation methods. dnl define({:-OpenBSDURLInstall-:}, {:- To install via HTTP: To begin an HTTP install you will need the following pieces of information: 1) Proxy server URL if you are using a URL-based HTTP proxy (squid, CERN FTP, Apache 1.2 or higher). You need to {:-define-:} a proxy if you are behind a firewall that blocks outgoing HTTP connections (assuming you have a proxy available to use). 2) The IP address (or hostname if you configured DNS servers earlier in the install) of an HTTP server carrying the OpenBSD OSREV distribution. The installation program will try to fetch a list of such servers; depending on your network settings, this might fail. If the list could be fetched, it will be displayed, and you can choose an entry from the list (the first entries are expected to be the closest mirrors to your location). 3) The directory holding the distribution sets. Then refer to the section named "installation set selection" below.-:})dnl dnl define({:-OpenBSDCDROMInstall-:}, {:- To install from CD-ROM: When installing from a CD-ROM, you will be asked which device holds the distribution sets. This will typically be "cd0". If there is more than one partition on the CD-ROM, you will be asked which partition the distribution is to be loaded from. This is normally partition "a". You will also have to provide the relative path to the directory on the CD-ROM which holds the distribution, for the MACHINE this is "OSREV/MACHINE". Then refer to the section named "installation set selection" below.-:})dnl dnl define({:-OpenBSDNFSInstall-:}, {:- To install from an NFS mounted directory: When installing from an NFS-mounted directory, you must have completed network configuration above, and also set up the exported file system on the NFS server in advance. First you must identify the IP address of the NFS server to load the distribution from, and the file system the server expects you to mount. The install program will also ask whether or not TCP should be used for transport (the default is UDP). Note that TCP only works with newer NFS servers. You will also have to provide the relative path to the directory on the file system where the distribution sets are located. Note that this path should not be prefixed with a "/". Then refer to the section named "installation set selection" below.-:})dnl dnl dnl OpenBSDDISKInstall({:- or-:}, <-- $1 dnl {:-only -:}, <-- $2 dnl {:- or -:}) <-- $3 dnl dnl Note the spacing used above. It is crucial to keep words from running dnl together in the actual document. dnl dnl Arg 1 is optional. dnl Choices for args 2 & 3: dnl - OpenBSDDISKInstall(,{:-only -:}) dnl (only have 1 fs possible, ffs) dnl - OpenBSDDISKInstall(,,{:-or -:}) dnl (have another fs possible for reading during disk install) dnl dnl see $1, $2, and $3 below for further usage information. dnl define({:-OpenBSDDISKInstall-:}, {:- To install from a local disk partition: When installing from a local disk partition, you will first have to identify which disk holds the distribution sets. This is normally $1"sdN", where N is a number. Next you will have to identify the partition within that disk that holds the distribution; this is a single letter between "a" and "p". You will also have to identify the type of file system residing in the partition identified. Currently, you can $2{:--:}install from partitions that have been formatted as the Berkeley fast file system (ffs)$3. You will also have to provide the relative path to the directory on the file system where the distribution sets are located. Note that this path should not be prefixed with a "/". dnl Then refer to the section named "installation set selection" dnl below. Then refer to the next section.-:})dnl dnl define({:-OpenBSDCommonInstall-:}, {:- Installation set selection: A list of available distribution sets found on the given location will be listed. You may individually select distribution sets to install by entering their names or wildcards (e.g. "*.tgz" or "base*|comp*"), or you may enter "all" to select all the sets (which is what most users will want to do). You may also enter "abort" to deselect everything and restart the selection from scratch, or unselect sets by entering their name prefixed with "-" (e.g. "-x*"). It is also possible to enter an arbitrary filename and have it treated as a file set. When you are done selecting distribution sets, enter "done". The files will begin to extract.-:})dnl dnl dnl Description of the end of the installation procedure. dnl define({:-OpenBSDInstallWrapup-:}, {:- After the files have been extracted, you will be given the choice to select a new location from which to install distribution sets. If there have been errors extracting the sets from the previous location, or if some sets have been missing, this allows you to select a better source. Also, if the installation program complains that the distribution sets you have been using do not match their recorded checksums, you might want to check your installation source (although this can happen between releases, if a snapshot is being updated on a mirror server with newer files while you are installing). ifelse(MDTZ,,dnl {:- The last thing you'll need to configure is the time zone your system will be using. For this to work properly, it is expected that you have installed at least the "base{:--:}OSrev" and "bsd" distribution sets. -:},dnl {:- The last thing you might need to configure, if you did not get the chance to earlier, is the time zone your system will be using. For this work properly, it is expected that you have installed at least the "base{:--:}OSrev" and "bsd" distribution sets. -:})dnl dnl install.sh finish_up() The installation program will then proceed to save the system configuration, create all the device nodes needed by the installed system, and will install bootblocks on the root disk. ifelse(MDSMP,,,{:- On multiprocessor systems, if the bsd.mp kernel has been installed, it will be renamed to "bsd", which is the default kernel the boot blocks look for. The single processor kernel, "bsd", will be available as "bsd.sp". -:}) Finally, you will be asked whether you would like to install non-free firmware files (which can't be tightly integrated to the OpenBSD system) on first boot, by invoking fw_update(8) on the next boot.-:})dnl dnl define({:-OpenBSDCongratulations-:},{:- Congratulations, you have successfully installed OpenBSD OSREV. When you reboot into OpenBSD, you should log in as "root" at the login prompt. You should create yourself an account, if you skipped this step during installation, and protect it and the "root" account with good passwords. The install program leaves root an initial mail message. We recommend you read it, as it contains answers to basic questions you might have about OpenBSD, such as configuring your system, installing packages, getting more information about OpenBSD, sending in your dmesg output and more. To do this, run mail and then just enter "more 1" to get the first message. You quit mail by entering "q". Some of the files in the OpenBSD OSREV distribution might need to be tailored for your site. We recommend you run: man afterboot which will tell you about a bunch of the files needing to be reviewed. If you are unfamiliar with UN*X-like system administration, it's recommended that you buy a book that discusses it.-:})dnl dnl dnl dnl ========== Autoinstall instructions dnl (usually used by arch/install) dnl dnl OpenBSDUnattendedInstallation()dnl define({:-OpenBSDUnattendedInstallation-:}, {:-dnl Preparing an unattended installation of OpenBSD: ------------------------------------------------ If "(A)utoinstall" is chosen at the install prompt or if the installation system detects that it booted from the network, and isn't interrupted within 5 seconds, it attempts a fully-automatic installation. The installer autoconfigures a DHCP ipv4 address on the network interface the system booted from, or in case of multiple interfaces it will ask which one to use. Upon success, it retrieves a response file via HTTP. If that fails, the installer asks for the response file location, which can be either a URL or a local path, and retrieves the response file from there. The "next-server" DHCP option specifies the hostname part of the URL, as in "http:///install.conf". The "filename" DHCP parameter specifies the installer mode, e.g. "auto_install". On architectures where this parameter is used for netbooting, create a symbolic link named "auto_install" pointing to the boot program. The response file contains lines with key/value pairs separated by an equals sign "=", where the key is a non-ambiguous part (up to the question mark) of the installer question, consisting of whitespace separated words. The value is what would have been entered at the interactive prompt. Empty lines and lines beginning with a "#" character are ignored. The installer uses default answers in case of missing answers. Here is a response file example that uses a hashed password (see encrypt(1) for more details) for root and a public ssh key for the user that is created during the installation. System hostname = openbsd Password for root = ${:--:}2a${:--:}14${:--:}Z4xRMg8vDpgYH...GVot3ySoj8yby Setup a user = puffy Password for user = ************* Public ssh key for user = ssh-ed25519 AAAAC3NzaC1...g3Aqre puffy@ai What timezone are you in = Europe/Stockholm Location of sets = http HTTP Server = ftp.eu.openbsd.org The "System hostname" key above matches the following full question asked during an interactive installation: System hostname? (short form, e.g. 'foo') While the installation is in progress the installer writes all output to the file /ai.log, which is available as mail on the freshly installed system after the initial reboot. If the installation is successful the system will reboot automatically; otherwise, you will be dropped back into the shell where you can look at the /ai.log file or try again. dnl XXX: do we want this? dnl A more complete example of a response file is distributed with the dnl OpenBSD installation sets for amd64, which is recommended to use as a dnl starting point and reference for writing your own. -:})dnl dnl dnl dnl ========== Upgrade instructions dnl (usually used by arch/upgrade) dnl dnl OpenBSDUpgrade({:--:})dnl dnl Parameter is optional. define({:-OpenBSDUpgrade-:}, {:-Warning! Upgrades to OpenBSD OSREV are currently only supported from the immediately previous release. The upgrade process will also work with older releases, but might not execute some migration tasks that would be necessary for a proper upgrade. The best solution, whenever possible, is to backup your data and reinstall from scratch. As a minimum, if the toolchain (the "comp" set) was installed, you should remove all files within /usr/{:-include-:} before attempting to upgrade. To upgrade OpenBSD OSREV from a previous version, start with the general instructions in the section "Installing OpenBSD". Boot from $1. When prompted, select the (U)pgrade option rather than the (I)nstall option at the prompt in the install process. You will be presented with a welcome message, and depending on how you are connected to the system, you will be asked to set the terminal type or to choose a keyboard layout. The upgrade script will ask you for the existing root partition, and will use the existing filesystems defined in /etc/fstab to install the new system in. It will also use your existing network parameters. From then, the upgrade procedure is very close to the installation procedure described earlier in this document. However, it is strongly advised that you unpack the etc{:--:}.tgz and the xetc{:--:}.tgz files found in /var/sysmerge in a temporary directory and merge changes by hand, or with the help of the sysmerge(8) helper script, since all components of your system may not function correctly until your files in "/etc" are updated.-:})dnl dnl dnl dnl ========== Installation media preparation dnl (usually used by arch/xfer) dnl dnl Generic preparation introduction, after the list of various sources. dnl Use the short version unless there are too many methods, in this case dnl the long versions adds a ``don't panic!'' notice. define({:-OpenBSDXferShortPrelude-:}, {:-The steps necessary to prepare the distribution sets for installation depend on which method of installation you choose. Some methods require a bit of setup first that is explained below. The installation allows installing OpenBSD directly from HTTP mirror sites over the internet, however you must consider the speed and reliability of your internet connection for this option. It may save much time and frustration to download the distribution sets to a local server or disk and perform the installation from there, rather than directly from the internet.-:})dnl define({:-OpenBSDXferPrelude-:}, {:-OpenBSDXferShortPrelude The variety of options listed may seem confusing, but situations vary widely in terms of what peripherals and what sort of network arrangements a user has, the intent is to provide some way that will be practical.-:})dnl dnl dnl Various floppy generation instructions. dnl define({:-OpenBSDXferCDROM-:}, {:-Creating a bootable CD-ROM: First you need to get access to the OpenBSD bootable CD-ROM (ISO) images. They can be found on one of the OpenBSD mirror servers. Two files are available, install{:--:}OSrev.iso which contains all of the sets needed for installation, and a smaller cd{:--:}OSrev.iso which contains just the installer, for a network install. Windows users should be able to do this by right clicking on the install{:--:}OSrev.iso file and clicking burn to CD. OpenBSD users should be able to do this with the cdio command. "cdio tao install{:--:}OSrev.iso" Users of other operating systems should consult the appropriate documentation.-:})dnl dnl define({:-OpenBSDXferFloppyFromDOS-:}, {:-Creating a bootable floppy disk using Windows: First you need to get access to the OpenBSD bootable floppy images. If you can access the distribution from the CD-ROM under DOS, you will find the bootable disks in the OSREV/MACHINE directory. Otherwise, you will have to download them from one of the OpenBSD mirror sites, using an FTP client or a web browser. In either case, take care to do "binary" transfers, since these are images files and any DOS cr/lf translations or Control-z EOF interpretations will result in corrupted transfers. You will also need to go to the "tools" directory and grab a copy of the ntrw.exe utility. Run it with the correct arguments like this "ntrw :" Note that, when installing, the boot floppy can be write-protected (i.e. read-only).-:})dnl dnl define({:-OpenBSDXferFloppyFromUNIX-:}, {:-Creating a bootable floppy disk using a Un*x-like system: First, you will need to obtain a local copy of the bootable filesystem image as described above. You should use the signify(1) and sha256(1) commands to verify the integrity of the images with the SHA256.sig file on the mirror site. Next, use the dd(1) utility to copy the file to the floppy drive. The command would likely be, under OpenBSD: dd if=floppy{:--:}OSrev.img of=/dev/rfd0c bs=36b If you are using another operating system, you may have to adapt this to conform to local naming conventions for the floppy and options suitable for copying to a "raw" floppy image. The key issue is that the device name used for the floppy *must* be one that refers to the correct block device, not a partition or compatibility mode, and the copy command needs to be compatible with the requirement that writes to a raw device must be in multiples of 512-byte blocks. The variations are endless and beyond the scope of this document. If you're doing this on the system you intend to boot the floppy on, copying the floppy back to a file and doing a compare or checksum is a good way to verify that the floppy is readable and free of read/write errors. Note that, when installing, the boot floppy can be write-protected (i.e. read-only).-:})dnl dnl define({:-OpenBSDXferUSBFromUNIX-:}, {:-Creating a bootable USB key using a Un*x-like system: Some older systems may not be able to boot from USB keys or require changing boot priority. Check your BIOS settings if you run into problems. First, you will need to obtain a local copy of the bootable filesystem image miniroot{:--:}OSrev.img or install{:--:}OSrev.img as described above. You should use the signify(1) and sha256(1) commands to verify the integrity of the images with the SHA256.sig file on the mirror site. Next, use the dd(1) utility to copy the file to the USB storage device. The command would likely be, under OpenBSD: dd if=miniroot{:--:}OSrev.img of=/dev/rsdNc bs=1m where N is the device number. You can find the correct device number by checking dmesg(8) when inserting the media. If you are using another operating system, you may have to adapt this to conform to local naming conventions for the USB key and options suitable for copying to a "raw" disk image. The key issue is that the device name used for the USB key *must* be one that refers to the correct block device, not a partition or compatibility mode, and the copy command needs to be compatible with the requirement that writes to a raw device must be in multiples of 512-byte blocks. The variations are endless and beyond the scope of this document. If you're doing this on the system you intend to boot the USB key on, copying the image back to a file and doing a compare or checksum is a good way to verify that the USB key is readable and free of read/write errors.-:})dnl dnl dnl OpenBSDXferNFS [(noupgrade)] define({:-OpenBSDXferNFS-:}, {:-To install OpenBSD using a remote partition, mounted via NFS, you must do the following: NOTE: This method of installation is recommended only for those already familiar with using BSD network configuration and management commands. If you aren't, this documentation should help, but is not intended to be all-encompassing. Place the OpenBSD distribution sets you wish to install into a directory on an NFS server, and make that directory mountable by the machine on which you are installing or upgrading OpenBSD. This will probably require modifying the /etc/exports file of the NFS server and resetting its mount daemon (mountd). (Both of these actions will probably require superuser privileges on the server.) You need to know the numeric IP address of the NFS server, and, if the server is not on a network directly connected to the machine on which you're installing or upgrading OpenBSD, you need to know the numeric IP address of the router closest to the OpenBSD machine. Finally, you need to know the numeric IP address of the OpenBSD machine itself. Once the NFS server is set up properly and you have the information mentioned above, you can proceed to the next step in the installation ifelse(X$1,X,{:-or upgrade -:})process.ifelse(X$1,X,,{:- If you're installing OpenBSD from scratch, go to the section on preparing your hard disk, below. If you're upgrading an existing installation, go directly to the section on upgrading.-:})-:})dnl dnl define({:-OpenBSDXferFFS-:}, {:-If you are upgrading OpenBSD, you also have the option of installing OpenBSD by putting the new distribution sets somewhere in your existing file system, and using them from there. To do that, do the following: Place the distribution sets you wish to upgrade somewhere in your current file system tree. At a bare minimum, you must upgrade the "base" binary distribution, and so must put the "base{:--:}OSrev" set somewhere in your file system. It is recommended that you upgrade the other sets, as well.-:})dnl dnl define({:-OpenBSDInstNFS-:}, {:-Now you must populate the "/dev" directory for your client. If the server does not run OpenBSD you might save the MAKEDEV output: eo=echo ksh MAKEDEV all > all.sh and then tailor it for your server operating system before running it. Note that MAKEDEV is written specifically for ksh, and may not work on any other Bourne shell. There will be error messages about unknown users and groups. These errors are inconsequential for the purpose of installing OpenBSD. However, you may want to correct them if you plan to use the diskless setup regularly. In that case, you may re-run MAKEDEV on your OpenBSD machine once it has booted.-:})dnl