OpenBSDInstallPrelude There are several ways to install OpenBSD onto a disk. The easiest way in terms of preliminary setup is to use the OpenBSD miniroot that can be booted off a tape. If your MACHINE is hooked up in a network and you can find a server to arrange for a diskless setup, which is a convenient way to install on a machine whose disk does not currently hold a usable operating system. This is difficult to get set up correctly the first time, but easy to use afterwards. (see ``Installing using a diskless setup'' below). It is also possible to install OpenBSD "manually" from a running SunOS system, using the system tools, as well as gnu tar and gunzip (see ``Installing from SunOS'' below). Booting from the Installation Media: Prior to attempting an installation, you should make sure that everything of value on the target system has been backed up. While installing OpenBSD does not necessarily wipe out all the partitions on the hard disk, errors during the install process can have unforeseen consequences and you will probably render the system unbootable if you start, but do not complete the installation. Have the installation media for the prior installation, be it a SunOS or OpenBSD tape is good insurance if you want to be able to "go back" for some reason. After taking care of all that, bring your system down gracefully using the shutdown(8) and/or halt(8) commands. This will get you to the monitor prompt. Booting from SCSI tape: Boot the miniroot by typing the appropriate command at the PROM: > b st() The above instructions assume your tape drive is the default tape drive using SCSI id 4. If your drive uses id 5, modify the boot command accordingly: > b st(,28,) This will cause the kernel contained in the miniroot to be booted. Installing using a diskless setup: First, you must setup a diskless client configuration on a server. If you are using a OpenBSD system as the boot-server, have a look at the diskless(8) manual page for guidelines on how to proceed with this. If the server runs another operating system, you'll have to consult documentation that came with it (on SunOS systems, add_client(8) and the Sun System/Networks administrators guide constitute a good start; on Solaris systems, share(1M) is a good starting point as well). Boot your workstation from the server by entering the appropriate `boot' command at the monitor prompt. Depending on the ethernet chip in your machine, this command takes one of the following forms: > b le()bsd.rd # for sun pizza boxes (3/50, 3/60) > b ie()bsd.rd # for other MACHINE In order to have a MACHINE machine boot diskless by default, you need to do some nvram wizardry: > q 18 12 then, if your machine is a model 3/50 or 3/60, continue with: 6c 65 00 00 00 or, for other MACHINE machines: 69 65 00 00 00 and return to the prom prompt with: q > The above set of commands has changed the boot path strategy to the network interface, thus a diskless boot. To change the strategy in diagnostic mode (when the "Diag/Norm" switch is set to "Diag"), enter the same set of data after a "q 22" command instead of "q 18". Remember that the prom having a limited number of write cycles, you shouldn't abuse this feature. Installing using the Tape or netboot procedure: OpenBSDInstallPart2 Boot your machine from the installation media as described above. It will take a while to load the kernel especially from a slow network connection, most likely more than a minute. If some action doesn't eventually happen, or the spinning cursor has stopped and nothing further has happened, either your boot medias is probably bad, your diskless setup isn't correct or you may have a hardware or configuration problem. OpenBSDBootMsgs You will next be asked for your terminal type. If you are installing from a keyboard/monitor console, the default of "sun" if correct. If you are installing from a serial console you should choose the terminal type from amongst those listed. (If your terminal type is xterm, just use vt100). After entering the terminal type you will be greeted by a welcome message and asked if you really want to continue. Assuming you answered yes, the install program will then tell you which disks of that type it can install on, and ask you which it should use. The name of the disk is typically "sd0". Reply with the name of your disk. Next you will have to edit or create a disklabel for the disk OpenBSD is being installed on. The installation script will invoke the text editor allowing you to do this. Note that partition 'c' inside this disk label should ALWAYS reflect the entire disk, including any non-OpenBSD portions. The root file system should be in partition 'a', and swap is usually in partition 'b'. It is recommended that you create separate partitions for root and /usr, you may also want to specify /var and /home partitions. The swap partition (usually 'b') should have a type of "swap", all other native OpenBSD partitions should have a type of "4.2BSD". Block and fragment sizes are usually 8192 and 1024 bytes, but can also be 16384 and 2048 bytes. The install program will now label your disk and ask which file systems should be created on which partitions. It will auto- matically select the 'a' partition to be the root file system. Next it will ask for which disk and partition you want a file system created on. This will be the same as the disk name (e.g. "sd0") with the letter identifying the partition (e.g. "d") appended (e.g. "sd0d"). Then it will ask where this partition is to be mounted, e.g. /usr. This process will be repeated until you type "done". At this point you will be asked to confirm that the file system information you have entered is correct, and given an opportunity to change the file system table. Next it will create the new file systems as specified, OVERWRITING ANY EXISTING DATA. This is the point of no return. After all your file systems have been created, the install program will give you an opportunity to configure the network. The network configuration you enter (if any) can then be used to do the install from another system using NFS, HTTP or FTP, and will also be the configuration used by the system after the installation is complete. If you select to configure the network, the install program will ask you for a name of your system and the DNS domain name to use. Note that the host name should be without the domain part, and that the domain name should NOT {:-include-:} the host name part. Next the system will give you a list of network interfaces you can configure. For each network interface you select to configure, it will ask for the IP address to use, the symbolic host name to use, the netmask to use and any interface-specific flags to set. The interface-specific flags are usually used to determine which media the network card is to use. This is driver dependent, but for the MACHINE le(4) driver, the flags usually carry meaning: -link0 -link1 Use existing setting (default) link0 -link1 Use UTP (twisted pair) port -link0 link1 Use AUI port *** IMPORTANT - these are the correct setting for MACHINE ethernet cards, the suggestions shown by the install script are generic and may or may not be correct... After all network interfaces have been configured the install pro- gram will ask for a default route and IP address of the primary name server to use. You will also be presented with an opportunity to edit the host table. At this point you will be allowed to edit the file system table that will be used for the remainder of the installation and that will be used by the finished system, following which the new file systems will be mounted to complete the installation. After these preparatory steps have been completed, you will be able to extract the distribution sets onto your system. There are several install methods supported; FTP, HTTP, tape, CD-ROM, NFS or a local disk partition. OpenBSDFTPInstall OpenBSDHTTPInstall OpenBSDCDROMInstall OpenBSDTAPEInstall(3) OpenBSDNFSInstall OpenBSDDISKInstall({:-"xdN" or -:},{:-only -:}) OpenBSDCommonFS OpenBSDCommonURL OpenBSDCongratulations If you will be running your OpenBSD system from a serial console, you may need to edit /etc/ttys and change the terminal type, and getty method from "sun" and "console" to "vt100" and "std.9600" or something similar. In order to use 'tip' on OpenBSD/MACHINE, you'll need to edit /etc/ttys and add "local" to the end of the tty configuration line, and run 'ttyflags -a' to put your changes into effect. Installing from SunOS: You need a SunOS machine to install OpenBSD. You also need at least the following pieces: - the *.tgz files you want to install (as a minimum, base{:--:}OSrev.tgz and etc{:--:}OSrev.tgz) - gunzip (GNU gzip) SunOS binary - gtar (GNU tar) SunOS binary - a "/boot" file from a SunOS MACHINE machine (not sun3x!) - an OpenBSD kernel All these pieces, except "/boot" and the GNU utilities are supplied in the OpenBSD/MACHINE distribution. You need to format and partition the disk using SunOS (since OpenBSD/MACHINE uses SunOS disk labels.) Give yourself adequate partition sizes. Here is an example layout: partition size offset will be.. sd0a 80000 0 / sd0b 256000 80000 swap sd0c 4165271 0 `whole disk' sd0d 100000 436000 /var sd0f 100000 336000 /tmp sd0g 3229271 936000 /usr sd0h 400000 536000 /var/tmp Use SunOS to newfs the partitions which will have filesystems on them. (OpenBSD's filesystem format is identical to SunOS). sunos# newfs /dev/rsd0a [... lots of output] Repeat for any other partition (in this example, /dev/rsd0d, /dev/rsd0f, /dev/rsd0g, /dev/rsd0h). NOTE: If you are able to, there is a performance benefit from newfs'ing using OpenBSD. If you newfs using the OpenBSD newfs command, be sure to use the -O flag for your / partition, so that newfs will use the 4.3BSD filesystem format, rather than the new 4.4BSD filesystem format. If you forget, you will not be able to boot -- the SunOS boot blocks do not understand the extended 4.4BSD filesystem format. Mount those partitions in a tree formation, under /mnt; ie: sunos# df Filesystem kbytes used avail capacity Mounted on [...] /dev/sd0a 38427 0 38427 0% /mnt /dev/sd0d 48249 0 48249 0% /mnt/var /dev/sd0f 48249 0 48249 0% /mnt/tmp /dev/sd0g 1564024 0 1564024 0% /mnt/usr /dev/sd0h 193536 0 193536 0% /mnt/var/tmp Place a standard SunOS "boot" program in /mnt (your new root partition), and use the SunOS command "installboot" to make it work. The installboot man page says to do something like this: sunos# cp /usr/mdec/ufsboot /mnt/boot sunos# sync; sync sunos# /usr/mdec/installboot -vlt /mnt/boot /usr/mdec/bootxx /dev/rsd0a You can now extract the provided "*.tgz files onto your disk. sunos# ls -FC base{:--:}OSrev.tgz comp{:--:}OSrev.tgz game{:--:}OSrev.tgz misc{:--:}OSrev.tgz bsd etc{:--:}OSrev.tgz man{:--:}OSrev.tgz sunos{:-#-:} gunzip < base{:--:}OSrev.tgz | (cd /mnt; gtar xvpf -) [...] for each set And finally copy the OpenBSD kernel onto your disk. sunos# cp bsd /mnt/bsd The GNU gunzip and gtar programs are not distributed as part of SunOS, but may be present in your /usr/local/bin. If not, you will need to obtain them from a GNU archive and install before proceeding. The OpenBSD tar files are in the "new format" that includes directory information, and the standard SunOS tar will not extract from them successfully. After the files have been extracted, setup /mnt/etc/fstab to match your actual disk layout. (Minus the "/mnt" component of each path, of course :-) Now proceed to reboot the machine and the customize your installation. Net Boot or Diskless Setup Information: The setup is similar to SunOS diskless setup, but not identical, because the Sun setup assumes that the bootblocks load a kernel image, which then uses NFS to access the exported root partition, while the OpenBSD bootblocks use internal NFS routines to load the kernel image directly from the exported root partition. Please understand that no one gets this right the first try, since there is a lot of setup and all the host daemons must be running and configured correctly. If you have problems, extract the diskless(8) manpage, find someone who's been through it before and use the host syslog and tcpdump(8) to get visibility of what's happening (or not). Your MACHINE expects to be able to download a second stage bootstrap program via TFTP after having acquired its IP address through RevARP when instructed to boot "over the net". It will look for a filename corresponding to the machine's IP address. For example, a MACHINE machine which has been assigned IP address 130.115.144.11, will make an TFTP request for `8273900B'. Normally, this file is a symbolic link to an appropriate second-stage boot program, which should be located in a place where the TFTP daemon can find it (remember, many TFTP daemons run in a chroot'ed environment). You can find the boot program in `/usr/mdec/netboot' in the OpenBSD/MACHINE distribution. Here's an example to illustrate this whole mess: server# cd //usr/mdec server# cp boot /tftpboot/boot.MACHINE.OpenBSD server# cd /tftpboot server# ln -s boot.MACHINE.OpenBSD 8273900B After the boot program has been loaded into memory and given control by the PROM, it starts locating the machine's remote root directory through the BOOTPARAM protocol. First a BOOTPARAM WHOAMI request is broadcast on the local net. The answer to this request (if it comes in) contains the client's name. This name is used in next step, a BOOTPARAM GETFILE request -- sent to the server that responded to the WHOAMI request -- requesting the name and address of the machine that will serve the client's root directory, as well as the path of the client's root on that server. Finally, this information (if it comes in) is used to issue a REMOTE MOUNT request to the client's root filesystem server, asking for an NFS file handle corresponding to the root filesystem. If successful, the boot program starts reading from the remote root filesystem in search of the kernel which is then read into memory. You will want export the miniroot{:--:}OSrev.fs filesystem to the client. You can dd this filesystem image to some spare partition, mount and export that partition or use tar to copy the contents to a more convenient spot. Alternatively you can build a bootable partition from the distribution sets as follows: Unpack `base{:--:}OSrev.tgz' and `etc{:--:}OSrev.tgz' on the server in the root directory for your target machine. If you elect to use a separately NFS-mounted filesystem for `/usr' with your diskless setup, make sure the "./usr" base files in base{:--:}OSrev.tgz end up in the correct location. One way to do this is to temporarily use a loopback mount on the server, re-routing /usr to your server's exported OpenBSD "/usr" directory. Also put the kernel and the install/upgrade scripts into the root directory. A few configuration files need to be edited: /etc/hosts Add the IP addresses of both server and client. /etc/myname This files contains the client's hostname; use the same name as in /etc/hosts. /etc/fstab Enter the entries for the remotely mounted filesystems. For example: server:/export/root/client / nfs rw 0 0 server:/export/exec/MACHINE.OpenBSD /usr nfs rw 0 0 Now you must populate the the `/dev' directory for your client. For this, you can simply change your working directory to `/dev' and run the MAKEDEV script: `sh MAKEDEV all'.