%!PS-Adobe-2.0 %%Creator: dvips(k) 5.86 Copyright 1999 Radical Eye Software %%Title: cvs.dvi %%Pages: 174 %%PageOrder: Ascend %%BoundingBox: 0 0 612 792 %%EndComments %DVIPSWebPage: (www.radicaleye.com) %DVIPSCommandLine: dvips cvs.dvi -o cvs.ps %DVIPSParameters: dpi=600, compressed %DVIPSSource: TeX output 2000.09.19:1419 %%BeginProcSet: texc.pro %! /TeXDict 300 dict def TeXDict begin/N{def}def/B{bind def}N/S{exch}N/X{S N}B/A{dup}B/TR{translate}N/isls false N/vsize 11 72 mul N/hsize 8.5 72 mul N/landplus90{false}def/@rigin{isls{[0 landplus90{1 -1}{-1 1}ifelse 0 0 0]concat}if 72 Resolution div 72 VResolution div neg scale isls{ landplus90{VResolution 72 div vsize mul 0 exch}{Resolution -72 div hsize mul 0}ifelse TR}if Resolution VResolution vsize -72 div 1 add mul TR[ matrix currentmatrix{A A round sub abs 0.00001 lt{round}if}forall round exch round exch]setmatrix}N/@landscape{/isls true N}B/@manualfeed{ statusdict/manualfeed true put}B/@copies{/#copies X}B/FMat[1 0 0 -1 0 0] N/FBB[0 0 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(\014les.)390 1402 y Fo($)47 b(cd)h(tc)390 1506 y($)f(ls)390 1610 y(CVS)429 b(Makefile)188 b(backend.c)141 b(driver.c)189 b(frontend.c)93 b(parser.c)275 1740 y Ft(The)21 b(`)p Fo(CVS)p Ft(')h(directory)f(is)g(used)g(in)m(ternally)f(b)m(y)i Fs(cvs)p Ft(.)37 b(Normally)-8 b(,)24 b(y)m(ou)e(should)e(not)i(mo)s (dify)e(or)i(remo)m(v)m(e)150 1849 y(an)m(y)31 b(of)f(the)h(\014les)e (in)g(it.)275 1979 y(Y)-8 b(ou)37 b(start)g(y)m(our)g(fa)m(v)m(orite)g (editor,)h(hac)m(k)g(a)m(w)m(a)m(y)g(at)g(`)p Fo(backend.c)p Ft(',)e(and)g(a)h(couple)g(of)f(hours)g(later)150 2088 y(y)m(ou)27 b(ha)m(v)m(e)g(added)f(an)g(optimization)f(pass)h(to)h(the) g(compiler.)38 b(A)26 b(note)h(to)g Fs(r)n(cs)f Ft(and)g Fs(sccs)f Ft(users:)37 b(There)150 2198 y(is)f(no)h(need)g(to)h(lo)s(c) m(k)f(the)g(\014les)f(that)i(y)m(ou)f(w)m(an)m(t)h(to)g(edit.)60 b(See)38 b(Chapter)e(10)i([Multiple)d(dev)m(elop)s(ers],)150 2308 y(page)c(61,)h(for)e(an)g(explanation.)150 2517 y Fl(1.3.2)63 b(Committing)39 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b(if)e(the)i(en)m(vironmen)m(t)g(v)-5 b(ariable)47 b Fo($EDITOR)g Ft(is)h(set,)54 b(it)49 b(will)d(b)s(e)i(used.)95 b(If)49 b(b)s(oth)150 3636 y Fo($CVSEDITOR)39 b Ft(and)h Fo($EDITOR)g Ft(are)i(not)f(set)h(then)f(there)h(is)e(a)i(default)f (whic)m(h)f(will)f(v)-5 b(ary)41 b(with)f(y)m(our)150 3746 y(op)s(erating)30 b(system,)h(for)f(example)g Fo(vi)g Ft(for)g(unix)e(or)j Fo(notepad)d Ft(for)i(Windo)m(ws)g(NT/95.)275 3875 y(In)k(addition,)h Fs(cvs)f Ft(c)m(hec)m(ks)j(the)e Fo($VISUAL)e Ft(en)m(vironmen)m(t)i(v)-5 b(ariable.)54 b(Opinions)32 b(v)-5 b(ary)35 b(on)h(whether)150 3985 y(this)23 b(b)s(eha)m(vior)h(is)g(desirable)e(and)i(whether)g(future)g (releases)g(of)h Fs(cvs)f Ft(should)e(c)m(hec)m(k)k Fo($VISUAL)d Ft(or)h(ignore)150 4094 y(it.)47 b(Y)-8 b(ou)33 b(will)d(b)s(e)i(OK)g (either)h(w)m(a)m(y)g(if)f(y)m(ou)h(mak)m(e)g(sure)f(that)i Fo($VISUAL)c Ft(is)i(either)g(unset)g(or)h(set)g(to)h(the)150 4204 y(same)d(thing)e(as)i Fo($EDITOR)p Ft(.)275 4334 y(When)j Fs(cvs)h 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y Ft(This)20 b(command)i(runs)e Fo(diff)h Ft(to)h(compare)h(the)f (v)m(ersion)g(of)g(`)p Fo(driver.c)p Ft(')e(that)j(y)m(ou)f(c)m(hec)m (k)m(ed)i(out)e(with)150 4788 y(y)m(our)35 b(w)m(orking)g(cop)m(y)-8 b(.)56 b(When)35 b(y)m(ou)h(see)g(the)f(output)g(y)m(ou)h(remem)m(b)s (er)e(that)i(y)m(ou)g(added)f(a)g(command)150 4897 y(line)29 b(option)h(that)h(enabled)e(the)h(optimization)g(pass.)40 b(Y)-8 b(ou)31 b(c)m(hec)m(k)h(it)e(in,)f(and)h(release)h(the)f(mo)s (dule.)390 5029 y Fo($)47 b(cvs)g(commit)f(-m)i("Added)e(an)h (optimization)d(pass")j(driver.c)390 5132 y(Checking)f(in)h(driver.c;) 390 5236 y(/usr/local/cvsroot/tc/dr)o(iver)o(.c,v)89 b(<--)94 b(driver.c)390 5340 y(new)47 b(revision:)e(1.2;)i(previous)e (revision:)h(1.1)p eop %%Page: 6 8 6 7 bop 150 -116 a Ft(6)2156 b(CVS|Concurren)m(t)29 b(V)-8 b(ersions)30 b(System)390 299 y Fo(done)390 403 y($)47 b(cd)h(..)390 506 y($)f(cvs)g(release)f(-d)h(tc)390 610 y(?)g(tc)390 714 y(You)g(have)g([0])f(altered)g(files)h(in)g(this)f 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b(the)g(rep)s(ository)-8 b(.)39 b(The)26 b(rep)s(ository)f(then)i(con)m(tains)g(the)g(c)m (hanges)h(whic)m(h)d(y)m(ou)i(ha)m(v)m(e)h(made,)g(as)f(w)m(ell)150 1198 y(as)32 b(recording)f(exactly)h(what)g(y)m(ou)g(c)m(hanged,)g (when)f(y)m(ou)h(c)m(hanged)g(it,)g(and)f(other)h(suc)m(h)f (information.)150 1308 y(Note)h(that)f(the)g(rep)s(ository)f(is)f(not)i (a)g(sub)s(directory)e(of)i(the)g(w)m(orking)f(directory)-8 b(,)31 b(or)f(vice)h(v)m(ersa;)h(they)150 1417 y(should)c(b)s(e)i(in)f (separate)j(lo)s(cations.)275 1549 y Fs(cvs)g Ft(can)i(access)g(a)g (rep)s(ository)e(b)m(y)i(a)f(v)-5 b(ariet)m(y)34 b(of)f(means.)50 b(It)34 b(migh)m(t)f(b)s(e)f(on)i(the)f(lo)s(cal)g(computer,)150 1658 y(or)g(it)g(migh)m(t)g(b)s(e)f(on)h(a)g(computer)g(across)h(the)f (ro)s(om)g(or)g(across)h(the)f(w)m(orld.)48 b(T)-8 b(o)34 b(distinguish)29 b(v)-5 b(arious)150 1768 y(w)m(a)m(ys)41 b(to)g(access)h(a)e(rep)s(ository)-8 b(,)43 b(the)d(rep)s(ository)g (name)g(can)h(start)f(with)f(an)i Fm(access)g(metho)s(d)p Ft(.)70 b(F)-8 b(or)150 1878 y(example,)30 b(the)g(access)i(metho)s(d)d Fo(:local:)f Ft(means)i(to)h(access)g(a)f(rep)s(ository)f(directory)-8 b(,)31 b(so)f(the)g(rep)s(osi-)150 1987 y(tory)i Fo (:local:/usr/local/cvsroot)25 b Ft(means)32 b(that)h(the)f(rep)s (ository)f(is)g(in)f(`)p Fo(/usr/local/cvsroot)p Ft(')150 2097 y(on)37 b(the)f(computer)h(running)d Fs(cvs)p Ft(.)59 b(F)-8 b(or)37 b(information)e(on)h(other)h(access)h(metho)s(ds,)g(see) f(Section)g(2.9)150 2206 y([Remote)32 b(rep)s(ositories],)d(page)i(19.) 275 2338 y(If)24 b(the)g(access)i(metho)s(d)e(is)f(omitted,)j(then)f (if)e(the)i(rep)s(ository)e(do)s(es)h(not)h(con)m(tain)g(`)p Fo(:)p Ft(',)h(then)e Fo(:local:)150 2447 y Ft(is)30 b(assumed.)41 b(If)31 b(it)f(do)s(es)h(con)m(tain)g(`)p Fo(:)p Ft(')g(then)g(either)f Fo(:ext:)f Ft(or)i Fo(:server:)e Ft(is)h(assumed.)41 b(F)-8 b(or)32 b(example,)150 2557 y(if)c(y)m(ou)i(ha)m(v)m(e)h(a)e(lo)s(cal)g(rep)s(ository)f(in)g(`)p Fo(/usr/local/cvsroot)p Ft(',)e(y)m(ou)j(can)h(use)f Fo(/usr/local/cvsroot)150 2667 y Ft(instead)36 b(of)h Fo(:local:/usr/local/cvsro)o(ot)p Ft(.)53 b(But)37 b(if)f(\(under)f (Windo)m(ws)h(NT,)h(for)f(example\))h(y)m(our)150 2776 y(lo)s(cal)47 b(rep)s(ository)f(is)h(`)p Fo(c:\\src\\cvsroot)p Ft(',)i(then)e(y)m(ou)h(m)m(ust)g(sp)s(ecify)e(the)i(access)h(metho)s (d,)i(as)d(in)150 2886 y Fo(:local:c:\\src\\cvsroot)p Ft(.)275 3017 y(The)35 b(rep)s(ository)f(is)h(split)f(in)g(t)m(w)m(o)j (parts.)56 b(`)p Fo($CVSROOT/CVSROOT)p Ft(')32 b(con)m(tains)k (administrativ)m(e)e(\014les)150 3127 y(for)c Fs(cvs)p Ft(.)40 b(The)30 b(other)g(directories)g(con)m(tain)h(the)f(actual)h (user-de\014ned)e(mo)s(dules.)150 3376 y Fp(2.1)68 b(T)-11 b(elling)46 b(CVS)e(where)h(y)l(our)g(rep)t(ository)h(is)275 3565 y Ft(There)41 b(are)i(sev)m(eral)f(w)m(a)m(ys)h(to)g(tell)e Fs(cvs)h Ft(where)f(to)i(\014nd)e(the)h(rep)s(ository)-8 b(.)75 b(Y)-8 b(ou)43 b(can)g(name)f(the)150 3675 y(rep)s(ository)29 b(on)i(the)f(command)g(line)f(explicitly)-8 b(,)29 b(with)g(the)h Fo(-d)g Ft(\(for)g Fo(")p Ft(directory)p Fo(")p Ft(\))g(option:)390 3801 y Fo(cvs)47 b(-d)g(/usr/local/cvsroot)c(checkout)i(yoyodyne/tc)275 3932 y Ft(Or)24 b(y)m(ou)i(can)g(set)h(the)f Fo($CVSROOT)d Ft(en)m(vironmen)m(t)i(v)-5 b(ariable)25 b(to)h(an)g(absolute)f(path)h (to)g(the)g(ro)s(ot)g(of)g(the)150 4042 y(rep)s(ository)-8 b(,)35 b(`)p Fo(/usr/local/cvsroot)p Ft(')30 b(in)j(this)g(example.)53 b(T)-8 b(o)35 b(set)g Fo($CVSROOT)p Ft(,)e Fo(csh)h Ft(and)g Fo(tcsh)f Ft(users)150 4152 y(should)28 b(ha)m(v)m(e)k(this)d(line)g (in)g(their)g(`)p Fo(.cshrc)p Ft(')h(or)g(`)p Fo(.tcshrc)p Ft(')f(\014les:)390 4277 y Fo(setenv)46 b(CVSROOT)g(/usr/local/cvsroot) 150 4409 y(sh)30 b Ft(and)g Fo(bash)f Ft(users)g(should)g(instead)g(ha) m(v)m(e)j(these)f(lines)d(in)h(their)h(`)p Fo(.profile)p Ft(')e(or)j(`)p Fo(.bashrc)p Ft(':)390 4535 y Fo (CVSROOT=/usr/local/cvsro)o(ot)390 4638 y(export)46 b(CVSROOT)275 4770 y Ft(A)35 b(rep)s(ository)e(sp)s(eci\014ed)h(with)f Fo(-d)h 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y(|)g(|)g(\(source)46 b(code)h(to)g Fs(r)n(cs)p Fo(\))867 4095 y(|)143 b(|)867 4198 y(|)g(+--cvs)867 4302 y(|)334 b(\(source)46 b(code)h(to)g Fs(cvs)p Fo(\))867 4406 y(|)867 4510 y(+--yoyodyne)1058 4614 y(|)1058 4717 y(+--tc)1058 4821 y(|)191 b(|)1058 4925 y(|)g(+--man)1058 5029 y(|)g(|)1058 5132 y(|)g(+--testing)1058 5236 y(|)1058 5340 y(+--\(other)45 b(Yoyodyne)h(software\))p eop %%Page: 9 11 9 10 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Chapter)30 b(2:)41 b(The)30 b(Rep)s(ository)2471 b(9)275 299 y(With)36 b(the)g(directories)g(are)h Fm(history)e(\014les) 40 b Ft(for)c(eac)m(h)i(\014le)d(under)g(v)m(ersion)h(con)m(trol.)60 b(The)36 b(name)h(of)150 408 y(the)28 b(history)f(\014le)h(is)f(the)h (name)g(of)h(the)f(corresp)s(onding)e(\014le)h(with)g(`)p Fo(,v)p Ft(')h(app)s(ended)f(to)i(the)f(end.)39 b(Here)29 b(is)150 518 y(what)h(the)h(rep)s(ository)e(for)h(the)h(`)p Fo(yoyodyne/tc)p Ft(')d(directory)i(migh)m(t)g(lo)s(ok)g(lik)m(e:)485 645 y Fo($CVSROOT)581 749 y(|)581 853 y(+--yoyodyne)581 956 y(|)143 b(|)581 1060 y(|)g(+--tc)581 1164 y(|)g(|)g(|)963 1268 y(+--Makefile,v)963 1371 y(+--backend.c,v)963 1475 y(+--driver.c,v)963 1579 y(+--frontend.c,v)963 1683 y(+--parser.c,v)963 1787 y(+--man)963 1890 y(|)190 b(|)963 1994 y(|)g(+--tc.1,v)963 2098 y(|)963 2202 y(+--testing)1201 2305 y(|)1201 2409 y(+--testpgm.t,v)1201 2513 y(+--test2.t,v)275 2646 y Ft(The)20 b(history)f(\014les)h(con)m(tain,)j(among)e(other)g(things,)g (enough)g(information)d(to)k(recreate)g(an)m(y)f(revision)150 2755 y(of)35 b(the)f(\014le,)h(a)g(log)g(of)f(all)g(commit)g(messages)h (and)f(the)h(user-name)f(of)h(the)f(p)s(erson)g(who)g(committed)150 2865 y(the)h(revision.)53 b(The)34 b(history)g(\014les)g(are)h(kno)m (wn)f(as)h Fm(R)m(CS)g(\014les)p Ft(,)g(b)s(ecause)g(the)g(\014rst)f (program)h(to)g(store)150 2975 y(\014les)g(in)g(that)h(format)h(w)m(as) f(a)h(v)m(ersion)e(con)m(trol)i(system)f(kno)m(wn)g(as)g Fs(r)n(cs)p Ft(.)57 b(F)-8 b(or)36 b(a)h(full)d(description)g(of)150 3084 y(the)29 b(\014le)e(format,)i(see)g(the)g Fo(man)e Ft(page)j Fm(rcs\014le\(5\))p Ft(,)f(distributed)c(with)i Fs(r)n(cs)p Ft(,)h(or)h(the)f(\014le)g(`)p Fo(doc/RCSFILES)p Ft(')150 3194 y(in)j(the)i Fs(cvs)f Ft(source)g(distribution.)44 b(This)30 b(\014le)i(format)h(has)f(b)s(ecome)h(v)m(ery)g(common|man)m (y)g(systems)150 3303 y(other)e(than)f Fs(cvs)f Ft(or)i Fs(r)n(cs)e Ft(can)i(at)g(least)f(imp)s(ort)f(history)g(\014les)h(in)f (this)g(format.)275 3436 y(The)34 b Fs(r)n(cs)g Ft(\014les)g(used)g(in) g Fs(cvs)g Ft(di\013er)g(in)g(a)h(few)g(w)m(a)m(ys)h(from)f(the)g (standard)f(format.)55 b(The)35 b(biggest)150 3546 y(di\013erence)28 b(is)g(magic)h(branc)m(hes;)h(for)e(more)h(information)f(see)h(Section) g(5.5)h([Magic)g(branc)m(h)e(n)m(um)m(b)s(ers],)150 3655 y(page)j(44.)42 b(Also)30 b(in)f Fs(cvs)g Ft(the)h(v)-5 b(alid)29 b(tag)j(names)e(are)h(a)f(subset)g(of)g(what)h Fs(r)n(cs)e Ft(accepts;)j(for)e Fs(cvs)p Ft('s)f(rules)150 3765 y(see)i(Section)f(4.4)i([T)-8 b(ags],)32 b(page)f(34.)150 3984 y Fl(2.2.2)63 b(File)41 b(p)s(ermissions)275 4175 y Ft(All)33 b(`)p Fo(,v)p Ft(')h(\014les)f(are)i(created)h(read-only)-8 b(,)35 b(and)f(y)m(ou)h(should)d(not)j(c)m(hange)h(the)e(p)s(ermission) e(of)i(those)150 4284 y(\014les.)71 b(The)41 b(directories)f(inside)e (the)j(rep)s(ository)f(should)f(b)s(e)h(writable)g(b)m(y)h(the)g(p)s (ersons)e(that)j(ha)m(v)m(e)150 4394 y(p)s(ermission)25 b(to)j(mo)s(dify)f(the)h(\014les)e(in)h(eac)m(h)i(directory)-8 b(.)40 b(This)26 b(normally)g(means)i(that)g(y)m(ou)h(m)m(ust)e(create) 150 4503 y(a)g(UNIX)f(group)g(\(see)h(group\(5\)\))h(consisting)d(of)h (the)h(p)s(ersons)e(that)i(are)g(to)g(edit)f(the)g(\014les)f(in)g(a)i (pro)5 b(ject,)150 4613 y(and)30 b(set)h(up)e(the)i(rep)s(ository)e(so) h(that)h(it)f(is)g(that)h(group)f(that)h(o)m(wns)f(the)g(directory)-8 b(.)275 4746 y(This)28 b(means)i(that)h(y)m(ou)g(can)g(only)e(con)m (trol)i(access)h(to)f(\014les)e(on)h(a)h(p)s(er-directory)e(basis.)275 4878 y(Note)40 b(that)h(users)d(m)m(ust)i(also)f(ha)m(v)m(e)i(write)e (access)i(to)f(c)m(hec)m(k)h(out)f(\014les,)h(b)s(ecause)e Fs(cvs)g Ft(needs)g(to)150 4988 y(create)32 b(lo)s(c)m(k)e(\014les)g (\(see)h(Section)f(10.5)i([Concurrency],)e(page)h(65\).)275 5121 y(Also)j(note)i(that)f(users)f(m)m(ust)h(ha)m(v)m(e)h(write)f (access)h(to)g(the)f(`)p Fo(CVSROOT/val-tags)p Ft(')c(\014le.)53 b Fs(cvs)34 b Ft(uses)150 5230 y(it)g(to)g(k)m(eep)h(trac)m(k)h(of)e (what)g(tags)h(are)f(v)-5 b(alid)33 b(tag)i(names)f(\(it)g(is)f (sometimes)h(up)s(dated)f(when)g(tags)j(are)150 5340 y(used,)30 b(as)g(w)m(ell)g(as)g(when)g(they)g(are)h(created\).)p eop %%Page: 10 12 10 11 bop 150 -116 a Ft(10)2111 b(CVS|Concurren)m(t)29 b(V)-8 b(ersions)30 b(System)275 299 y(Eac)m(h)23 b Fs(r)n(cs)f Ft(\014le)h(will)d(b)s(e)j(o)m(wned)g(b)m(y)g(the)g(user)f(who)h(last)g (c)m(hec)m(k)m(ed)i(it)e(in.)37 b(This)21 b(has)i(little)f (signi\014cance;)150 408 y(what)30 b(really)g(matters)h(is)e(who)h(o)m (wns)g(the)h(directories.)275 585 y Fs(cvs)20 b Ft(tries)g(to)i(set)f (up)f(reasonable)h(\014le)f(p)s(ermissions)e(for)i(new)h(directories)f (that)h(are)h(added)e(inside)f(the)150 694 y(tree,)28 b(but)e(y)m(ou)h(m)m(ust)f(\014x)g(the)h(p)s(ermissions)c(man)m(ually)j (when)f(a)i(new)f(directory)g(should)f(ha)m(v)m(e)i(di\013eren)m(t)150 804 y(p)s(ermissions)32 b(than)j(its)g(paren)m(t)g(directory)-8 b(.)55 b(If)35 b(y)m(ou)g(set)h(the)g Fo(CVSUMASK)d Ft(en)m(vironmen)m (t)h(v)-5 b(ariable)34 b(that)150 914 y(will)g(con)m(trol)i(the)h (\014le)e(p)s(ermissions)e(whic)m(h)i Fs(cvs)h Ft(uses)f(in)g(creating) i(directories)e(and/or)i(\014les)e(in)g(the)150 1023 y(rep)s(ository)-8 b(.)68 b Fo(CVSUMASK)37 b Ft(do)s(es)i(not)h (a\013ect)h(the)f(\014le)e(p)s(ermissions)f(in)h(the)i(w)m(orking)e (directory;)44 b(suc)m(h)150 1133 y(\014les)32 b(ha)m(v)m(e)i(the)f(p)s (ermissions)d(whic)m(h)i(are)h(t)m(ypical)g(for)g(newly)e(created)j (\014les,)f(except)h(that)g(sometimes)150 1242 y Fs(cvs)e 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Fs(cvs)p Ft(;)e(do)h(not)h(rely)f(on)g(the)g (setting)h(of)f Fo(CVSUMASK)f Ft(on)h(the)g(clien)m(t)g(ha)m(ving)g(no) h(e\013ect.)275 2253 y(Using)37 b(pserv)m(er,)k(y)m(ou)e(will)d (generally)i(need)g(stricter)g(p)s(ermissions)e(on)i(the)h Fs(cvsr)n(oot)d Ft(directory)150 2362 y(and)c(directories)f(ab)s(o)m(v) m(e)i(it)f(in)e(the)j(tree;)h(see)e(Section)g(2.9.3.3)j([P)m(assw)m (ord)d(authen)m(tication)h(securit)m(y],)150 2472 y(page)e(24.)275 2648 y(Some)d(op)s(erating)f(systems)i(ha)m(v)m(e)g(features)g(whic)m (h)d(allo)m(w)i(a)h(particular)d(program)i(to)h(run)e(with)g(the)150 2758 y(abilit)m(y)j(to)j(p)s(erform)e(op)s(erations)g(whic)m(h)g(the)h (caller)f(of)h(the)g(program)g(could)f(not.)46 b(F)-8 b(or)32 b(example,)h(the)150 2868 y(set)e(user)e(ID)i(\(setuid\))e(or)h (set)h(group)f(ID)g(\(setgid\))h(features)f(of)g(unix)f(or)h(the)g (installed)e(image)i(feature)150 2977 y(of)e(VMS.)f(CVS)g(w)m(as)h(not) g(written)f(to)h(use)f(suc)m(h)g(features)h(and)f(therefore)h 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Fo(")e Ft(or)i Fo(")p Ft(all)p Fo(")e Ft(k)m(eyw)m(ord\).)p eop %%Page: 12 14 12 13 bop 150 -116 a Ft(12)2111 b(CVS|Concurren)m(t)29 b(V)-8 b(ersions)30 b(System)150 299 y Fo(_editors)96 b Ft(Users)34 b(editing)f(this)g(\014le.)51 b(V)-8 b(alue)34 b(is)g Fm(editor)40 b Fo(>)34 b Fm(v)-5 b(al)37 b Fo({)d Ft(,)h Fm(editor)40 b Fo(>)34 b Fm(v)-5 b(al)37 b Fo(})d Ft(where)g Fm(editor)40 b Ft(is)630 408 y(a)29 b(username,)g(and)f Fm(v)-5 b(al)32 b Ft(is)c Fm(time)5 b Fo(+)p Fm(hostname)g Fo(+)p Fm(pathname)p Ft(,)29 b(where)f Fm(time)34 b Ft(is)28 b(when)g(the)h Fo(cvs)630 518 y(edit)e Ft(command)g(\(or)i(equiv)-5 b(alen)m(t\))27 b(happ)s(ened,)g(and)h Fm(hostname)33 b Ft(and)27 b Fm(pathname)33 b Ft(are)28 b(for)630 628 y(the)j(w)m(orking)e(directory)-8 b(.)275 795 y(Example:)390 930 y Fo(Ffile1)46 b(_watched=;_watchers=joe>e)o(dit)o(,mar)o(y>co)o (mmi)o(t)390 1034 y(Ffile2)g(_watched=;_editors=sue>8)41 b(Jan)47 b(1975+workstn1+/home/sue/c)o(vs)390 1137 y(D)g(_watched=)275 1277 y Ft(means)21 b(that)i(the)f(\014le)f(`)p Fo(file1)p Ft(')g(should)f(b)s(e)h(c)m(hec)m(k)m(ed)j(out)e(read-only)-8 b(.)38 b(F)-8 b(urthermore,)24 b(jo)s(e)e(is)e(w)m(atc)m(hing)150 1387 y(for)33 b(edits)g(and)g(mary)h(is)e(w)m(atc)m(hing)i(for)g (commits.)50 b(The)33 b(\014le)g(`)p Fo(file2)p Ft(')g(should)e(b)s(e)i (c)m(hec)m(k)m(ed)j(out)e(read-)150 1497 y(only;)28 b(sue)g(started)h (editing)e(it)h(on)g(8)h(Jan)e(1975)j(in)d(the)i(directory)f(`)p Fo(/home/sue/cvs)p Ft(')d(on)j(the)g(mac)m(hine)150 1606 y Fo(workstn1)p Ft(.)38 b(F)-8 b(uture)29 b(\014les)g(whic)m(h)e(are)j (added)f(should)e(b)s(e)h(c)m(hec)m(k)m(ed)k(out)d(read-only)-8 b(.)40 b(T)-8 b(o)30 b(represen)m(t)f(this)150 1716 y(example)36 b(here,)i(w)m(e)f(ha)m(v)m(e)h(sho)m(wn)e(a)h(space)g(after)g(`)p Fo(D)p Ft(',)i(`)p Fo(Ffile1)p Ft(',)e(and)f(`)p Fo(Ffile2)p Ft(',)h(but)f(in)f(fact)j(there)150 1825 y(m)m(ust)30 b(b)s(e)g(a)h(single)e(tab)h(c)m(haracter)i(there)f(and)f(no)g(spaces.) 150 2061 y Fl(2.2.6)63 b(CVS)40 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b(An)m(y)150 2947 y(\014le)30 b(in)f(the)i(rep)s(ository)f(with) g(a)h(name)f(starting)h(with)f(`)p Fo(#cvs.wfl)p Ft(')f(is)g(a)j(write) e(lo)s(c)m(k.)41 b(Old)30 b(v)m(ersions)g(of)150 3057 y(CVS)f(\(b)s(efore)g(CVS)f(1.5\))j(also)e(created)i(\014les)d(with)g (names)h(starting)g(with)f(`)p Fo(#cvs.tfl)p Ft(',)g(but)h(they)h(are) 150 3166 y(not)j(discussed)e(here.)48 b(The)33 b(directory)f(`)p Fo(#cvs.lock)p Ft(')f(serv)m(es)i(as)g(a)h(master)f(lo)s(c)m(k.)48 b(That)33 b(is,)g(one)g(m)m(ust)150 3276 y(obtain)d(this)f(lo)s(c)m(k)h (\014rst)g(b)s(efore)g(creating)h(an)m(y)g(of)f(the)h(other)f(lo)s(c)m (ks.)275 3416 y(T)-8 b(o)39 b(obtain)g(a)h(readlo)s(c)m(k,)h(\014rst)e (create)h(the)g(`)p Fo(#cvs.lock)p Ft(')d(directory)-8 b(.)67 b(This)38 b(op)s(eration)g(m)m(ust)i(b)s(e)150 3526 y(atomic)31 b(\(whic)m(h)f(should)f(b)s(e)h(true)g(for)h(creating) g(a)g(directory)f(under)f(most)i(op)s(erating)f(systems\).)42 b(If)30 b(it)150 3635 y(fails)g(b)s(ecause)h(the)g(directory)f(already) 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y(w)m(aiting)c(and)f(trying)h(again,)h(to)g(a)m(v)m(oid)g(deadlo)s (c)m(ks\).)275 649 y(Note)j(also)e(that)i Fs(cvs)d Ft(exp)s(ects)i (writelo)s(c)m(ks)f(to)i(con)m(trol)f(access)h(to)f(individual)28 b(`)p Fo(foo,v)p Ft(')k(\014les.)47 b Fs(r)n(cs)150 759 y Ft(has)30 b(a)g(sc)m(heme)g(where)f(the)h(`)p Fo(,foo,)p Ft(')f(\014le)g(serv)m(es)h(as)g(a)g(lo)s(c)m(k,)h(but)e Fs(cvs)f Ft(do)s(es)i(not)g(implemen)m(t)e(it)i(and)f(so)150 868 y(taking)36 b(out)h(a)g Fs(cvs)f Ft(writelo)s(c)m(k)f(is)h (recommended.)58 b(See)37 b(the)g(commen)m(ts)g(at)g(rcs)p 2996 868 28 4 v 33 w(in)m(ternal)p 3336 868 V 32 w(lo)s(c)m(k\014le)e (in)150 978 y(the)c Fs(cvs)e Ft(source)i(co)s(de)f(for)g(further)f (discussion/rationale.)150 1192 y Fl(2.2.7)63 b(Ho)m(w)40 b(\014les)i(are)e(stored)i(in)f(the)g(CVSR)m(OOT)f(directory)275 1382 y Ft(The)f(`)p Fo($CVSROOT/CVSROOT)p Ft(')c(directory)40 b(con)m(tains)f(the)h(v)-5 b(arious)39 b(administrativ)m(e)f(\014les.) 68 b(In)39 b(some)150 1491 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b(example,)390 2454 y Fo(cvs)47 b(-d)g(/usr/local/cvsroot)c(init)275 2590 y(cvs)29 b(init)h Ft(is)f(careful)h(to)i(nev)m(er)f(o)m(v)m(erwrite)g(an)m(y)g(existing)f (\014les)g(in)f(the)i(rep)s(ository)-8 b(,)30 b(so)h(no)g(harm)f(is)150 2699 y(done)g(if)g(y)m(ou)g(run)f Fo(cvs)h(init)f Ft(on)h(an)g(already) g(set-up)h(rep)s(ository)-8 b(.)275 2835 y Fo(cvs)29 b(init)c Ft(will)e(enable)i(history)g(logging;)j(if)c(y)m(ou)j(don't)f (w)m(an)m(t)g(that,)i(remo)m(v)m(e)f(the)g(history)d(\014le)h(after)150 2945 y(running)j Fo(cvs)h(init)p Ft(.)40 b(See)30 b(Section)g(C.11)i ([history)d(\014le],)h(page)h(138.)150 3205 y Fp(2.7)68 b(Bac)l(king)45 b(up)g(a)g(rep)t(ository)275 3399 y Ft(There)26 b(is)h(nothing)f(particularly)f(magical)i(ab)s(out)h(the)f(\014les)f (in)h(the)g(rep)s(ository;)h(for)f(the)g(most)h(part)150 3508 y(it)33 b(is)g(p)s(ossible)e(to)j(bac)m(k)g(them)g(up)e(just)h (lik)m(e)g(an)m(y)h(other)g(\014les.)49 b(Ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)37 b(there)d(are)g(a)g(few)f(issues)f(to)150 3618 y(consider.)275 3754 y(The)23 b(\014rst)f(is)h(that)h(to)g(b)s(e)f(paranoid,)h(one)g (should)e(either)h(not)g(use)h Fs(cvs)e Ft(during)f(the)j(bac)m(kup,)h (or)f(ha)m(v)m(e)150 3863 y(the)35 b(bac)m(kup)g(program)g(lo)s(c)m(k)g Fs(cvs)f Ft(while)f(doing)h(the)h(bac)m(kup.)54 b(T)-8 b(o)36 b(not)f(use)f Fs(cvs)p Ft(,)i(y)m(ou)f(migh)m(t)g(forbid)150 3973 y(logins)k(to)j(mac)m(hines)e(whic)m(h)g(can)h(access)h(the)f(rep) s(ository)-8 b(,)43 b(turn)c(o\013)i(y)m(our)g Fs(cvs)f Ft(serv)m(er,)k(or)d(similar)150 4082 y(mec)m(hanisms.)53 b(The)34 b(details)g(w)m(ould)f(dep)s(end)g(on)i(y)m(our)f(op)s (erating)g(system)h(and)f(ho)m(w)h(y)m(ou)g(ha)m(v)m(e)h Fs(cvs)150 4192 y Ft(set)f(up.)54 b(T)-8 b(o)35 b(lo)s(c)m(k)g Fs(cvs)p Ft(,)g(y)m(ou)g(w)m(ould)f(create)i(`)p Fo(#cvs.rfl)p Ft(')d(lo)s(c)m(ks)i(in)f(eac)m(h)i(rep)s(ository)e(directory)-8 b(.)54 b(See)150 4302 y(Section)27 b(10.5)i([Concurrency],)f(page)g (65,)h(for)e(more)h(on)f Fs(cvs)f Ft(lo)s(c)m(ks.)40 b(Ha)m(ving)28 b(said)e(all)g(this,)h(if)g(y)m(ou)h(just)150 4411 y(bac)m(k)35 b(up)e(without)h(an)m(y)g(of)h(these)g(precautions,)f (the)h(results)e(are)i(unlik)m(ely)c(to)k(b)s(e)f(particularly)e(dire.) 150 4521 y(Restoring)26 b(from)g(bac)m(kup,)h(the)g(rep)s(ository)e (migh)m(t)h(b)s(e)g(in)f(an)h(inconsisten)m(t)g(state,)j(but)c(this)h (w)m(ould)f(not)150 4630 y(b)s(e)30 b(particularly)e(hard)h(to)i(\014x) f(man)m(ually)-8 b(.)275 4766 y(When)37 b(y)m(ou)h(restore)g(a)g(rep)s (ository)f(from)g(bac)m(kup,)j(assuming)c(that)i(c)m(hanges)h(in)d(the) i(rep)s(ository)150 4876 y(w)m(ere)29 b(made)f(after)g(the)h(time)f(of) g(the)g(bac)m(kup,)h(w)m(orking)e(directories)g(whic)m(h)g(w)m(ere)i (not)f(a\013ected)i(b)m(y)e(the)150 4985 y(failure)35 b(ma)m(y)j(refer)e(to)i(revisions)d(whic)m(h)h(no)g(longer)h(exist)g (in)e(the)i(rep)s(ository)-8 b(.)60 b(T)-8 b(rying)36 b(to)h(run)f Fs(cvs)150 5095 y Ft(in)c(suc)m(h)g(directories)g(will)f (t)m(ypically)h(pro)s(duce)g(an)g(error)h(message.)50 b(One)32 b(w)m(a)m(y)i(to)g(get)g(those)g(c)m(hanges)150 5204 y(bac)m(k)d(in)m(to)f(the)h(rep)s(ository)e(is)h(as)g(follo)m(ws:) 225 5340 y Fr(\017)60 b Ft(Get)31 b(a)g(new)f(w)m(orking)g(directory)-8 b(.)p eop %%Page: 19 21 19 20 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Chapter)30 b(2:)41 b(The)30 b(Rep)s(ository) 2425 b(19)225 299 y Fr(\017)60 b Ft(Cop)m(y)45 b(the)f(\014les)g(from)g (the)g(w)m(orking)g(directory)g(from)g(b)s(efore)g(the)h(failure)e(o)m (v)m(er)j(to)f(the)f(new)330 408 y(w)m(orking)30 b(directory)g(\(do)g (not)h(cop)m(y)g(the)f(con)m(ten)m(ts)j(of)d(the)h(`)p Fo(CVS)p Ft(')f(directories,)f(of)i(course\).)225 540 y Fr(\017)60 b Ft(W)-8 b(orking)22 b(in)f(the)h(new)f(w)m(orking)h (directory)-8 b(,)23 b(use)f(commands)g(suc)m(h)f(as)i Fo(cvs)29 b(update)20 b Ft(and)i Fo(cvs)29 b(diff)330 649 y Ft(to)e(\014gure)f(out)g(what)h(has)f(c)m(hanged,)i(and)d(then)h (when)g(y)m(ou)g(are)h(ready)-8 b(,)28 b(commit)e(the)h(c)m(hanges)g (in)m(to)330 759 y(the)k(rep)s(ository)-8 b(.)150 1007 y Fp(2.8)68 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b(if)i(the)h(net)m(w)m(ork)g(connection)g(to)g (the)g(clien)m(t)f(is)g(slo)m(w,)j(can)e(b)s(e)f(exp)s(ected)h(to)g (gro)m(w)g(to)150 518 y(sligh)m(tly)26 b(more)h(than)g(the)g(size)g(of) h(the)f(sources)g(in)f(a)i(single)e(directory)-8 b(,)28 b(or)f(t)m(w)m(o)i(megab)m(ytes,)g(whic)m(hev)m(er)150 628 y(is)g(larger.)275 761 y(Multiplying)j(the)k(size)g(of)f(eac)m(h)i Fs(cvs)e Ft(serv)m(er)h(b)m(y)g(the)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)e(of)i(serv)m (ers)g(whic)m(h)f(y)m(ou)h(exp)s(ect)g(to)150 870 y(ha)m(v)m(e)30 b(activ)m(e)f(at)g(one)g(time)f(should)e(giv)m(e)j(an)g(idea)e(of)i (memory)f(requiremen)m(ts)g(for)g(the)g(serv)m(er.)41 b(F)-8 b(or)29 b(the)150 980 y(most)f(part,)g(the)f(memory)h(consumed)e (b)m(y)i(the)f(paren)m(t)h(pro)s(cess)f(probably)e(can)j(b)s(e)f(sw)m (ap)g(space)h(rather)150 1089 y(than)i(ph)m(ysical)f(memory)-8 b(.)275 1223 y(The)23 b(second)i(area)g(of)f(large)h(memory)f (consumption)f(is)g Fo(diff)p Ft(,)h(when)g(c)m(hec)m(king)h(in)e (large)h(\014les.)38 b(This)150 1332 y(is)23 b(required)g(ev)m(en)h (for)g(binary)f(\014les.)37 b(The)24 b(rule)f(of)h(th)m(um)m(b)g(is)f (to)i(allo)m(w)f(ab)s(out)g(ten)g(times)g(the)g(size)g(of)h(the)150 1442 y(largest)34 b(\014le)f(y)m(ou)i(will)c(w)m(an)m(t)k(to)f(c)m(hec) m(k)i(in,)e(although)f(\014v)m(e)h(times)g(ma)m(y)g(b)s(e)g(adequate.) 52 b(F)-8 b(or)35 b(example,)150 1551 y(if)j(y)m(ou)g(w)m(an)m(t)i(to)f (c)m(hec)m(k)h(in)d(a)i(\014le)f(whic)m(h)f(is)h(10)h(megab)m(ytes,)k (y)m(ou)38 b(should)f(ha)m(v)m(e)j(100)g(megab)m(ytes)g(of)150 1661 y(memory)h(on)h(the)g(mac)m(hine)f(doing)f(the)i(c)m(hec)m(kin)g (\(the)g(serv)m(er)g(mac)m(hine)f(for)g(clien)m(t/serv)m(er,)k(or)d (the)150 1770 y(mac)m(hine)33 b(running)e Fs(cvs)h Ft(for)i(non-clien)m (t/serv)m(er\).)50 b(This)32 b(can)i(b)s(e)e(sw)m(ap)i(space)g(rather)f (than)g(ph)m(ysical)150 1880 y(memory)-8 b(.)45 b(Because)33 b(the)f(memory)g(is)e(only)h(required)f(brie\015y)-8 b(,)31 b(there)h(is)f(no)g(particular)g(need)g(to)h(allo)m(w)150 1990 y(memory)e(for)g(more)h(than)f(one)h(suc)m(h)f(c)m(hec)m(kin)g(at) i(a)e(time.)275 2123 y(Resource)39 b(consumption)e(for)i(the)g(clien)m (t)f(is)g(ev)m(en)h(more)g(mo)s(dest|an)m(y)g(mac)m(hine)g(with)e (enough)150 2232 y(capacit)m(y)32 b(to)f(run)e(the)h(op)s(erating)g (system)h(in)e(question)g(should)g(ha)m(v)m(e)i(little)e(trouble.)275 2365 y(F)-8 b(or)45 b(information)d(on)i(disk)f(space)i(requiremen)m (ts,)i(see)e(Section)f(2.6)i([Creating)e(a)g(rep)s(ository],)150 2475 y(page)31 b(18.)150 2695 y Fl(2.9.2)63 b(Connecting)41 b(with)f(rsh)275 2886 y Ft(CVS)29 b(uses)h(the)g(`)p Fo(rsh)p Ft(')f(proto)s(col)h(to)h(p)s(erform)e(these)h(op)s(erations,) g(so)h(the)f(remote)h(user)e(host)h(needs)150 2996 y(to)h(ha)m(v)m(e)h (a)e(`)p Fo(.rhosts)p Ft(')f(\014le)h(whic)m(h)f(gran)m(ts)i(access)h (to)f(the)f(lo)s(cal)g(user.)275 3129 y(F)-8 b(or)23 b(example,)g(supp)s(ose)e(y)m(ou)i(are)f(the)h(user)e(`)p Fo(mozart)p Ft(')g(on)h(the)h(lo)s(cal)e(mac)m(hine)h(`)p Fo(toe.example.com)p Ft(',)150 3238 y(and)27 b(the)g(serv)m(er)h(mac)m (hine)e(is)h(`)p Fo(faun.example.org)p Ft('.)35 b(On)27 b(faun,)g(put)g(the)g(follo)m(wing)f(line)f(in)m(to)i(the)h(\014le)150 3348 y(`)p Fo(.rhosts)p Ft(')h(in)g(`)p Fo(bach)p Ft(''s)h(home)g (directory:)390 3475 y Fo(toe.example.com)91 b(mozart)275 3608 y Ft(Then)29 b(test)i(that)g Fo(rsh)f Ft(is)f(w)m(orking)h(with) 390 3735 y Fo(rsh)47 b(-l)g(bach)g(faun.example.org)c('echo)j($PATH') 275 3868 y Ft(Next)37 b(y)m(ou)g(ha)m(v)m(e)h(to)f(mak)m(e)h(sure)e (that)h Fo(rsh)f Ft(will)e(b)s(e)i(able)h(to)g(\014nd)e(the)i(serv)m (er.)60 b(Mak)m(e)38 b(sure)e(that)150 3978 y(the)d(path)f(whic)m(h)g Fo(rsh)g Ft(prin)m(ted)f(in)h(the)h(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)h(example)e (includes)e(the)j(directory)g(con)m(taining)f(a)h(pro-)150 4088 y(gram)40 b(named)g Fo(cvs)f Ft(whic)m(h)f(is)h(the)h(serv)m(er.) 70 b(Y)-8 b(ou)41 b(need)e(to)i(set)f(the)g(path)g(in)f(`)p Fo(.bashrc)p Ft(',)i(`)p Fo(.cshrc)p Ft(',)150 4197 y(etc.,)d(not)e(`)p Fo(.login)p Ft(')f(or)g(`)p 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y(in)m(v)m(ok)m(e)e(another)f(program)g(whic)m(h)e(can)i(access)i(the)e (remote)g(serv)m(er)h(\(for)f(example,)g Fo(remsh)f Ft(on)g(HP-UX)150 5121 y(9)36 b(b)s(ecause)f Fo(rsh)g Ft(is)g(something)f(di\013eren)m (t\).)56 b(It)36 b(m)m(ust)f(b)s(e)g(a)h(program)f(whic)m(h)g(can)g (transmit)g(data)h(to)150 5230 y(and)27 b(from)g(the)h(serv)m(er)g (without)f(mo)s(difying)e(it;)k(for)e(example)h(the)f(Windo)m(ws)g(NT)h Fo(rsh)f Ft(is)f(not)i(suitable)150 5340 y(since)35 b(it)g(b)m(y)h (default)f(translates)h(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)g(CRLF)g(and)f(LF.)h(The)f (OS/2)h(CVS)f(p)s(ort)g(has)h(a)g(hac)m(k)g(to)p eop %%Page: 21 23 21 22 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Chapter)30 b(2:)41 b(The)30 b(Rep)s(ository) 2425 b(21)150 299 y(pass)40 b(`)p Fo(-b)p Ft(')h(to)h Fo(rsh)e Ft(to)h(get)h(around)e(this,)j(but)d(since)g(this)g(could)g(p) s(oten)m(tially)g(cause)h(problems)e(for)150 408 y(programs)30 b(other)i(than)e(the)h(standard)f Fo(rsh)p Ft(,)h(it)f(ma)m(y)h(c)m (hange)h(in)e(the)h(future.)41 b(If)31 b(y)m(ou)g(set)g Fo(CVS_RSH)e Ft(to)150 518 y Fo(SSH)34 b Ft(or)h(some)g(other)g(rsh)e (replacemen)m(t,)k(the)e(instructions)e(in)g(the)i(rest)g(of)g(this)f (section)h(concerning)150 628 y(`)p Fo(.rhosts)p Ft(')e(and)g(so)h(on)g (are)h(lik)m(ely)d(to)j(b)s(e)f(inapplicable;)f(consult)g(the)h(do)s (cumen)m(tation)g(for)g(y)m(our)g(rsh)150 737 y(replacemen)m(t.)275 870 y(Con)m(tin)m(uing)21 b(our)h(example,)i(supp)s(osing)c(y)m(ou)j(w) m(an)m(t)h(to)f(access)h(the)f(mo)s(dule)e(`)p Fo(foo)p Ft(')i(in)e(the)i(rep)s(ository)150 980 y(`)p Fo(/usr/local/cvsroot/)p Ft(',)j(on)k(mac)m(hine)g(`)p Fo(faun.example.org)p Ft(',)d(y)m(ou)k (are)f(ready)h(to)g(go:)390 1106 y Fo(cvs)47 b(-d)g (:ext:bach@faun.example.or)o(g:/)o(usr/)o(loca)o(l/c)o(vsro)o(ot)42 b(checkout)j(foo)275 1239 y Ft(\(The)31 b(`)p Fo(bach@)p Ft(')g(can)h(b)s(e)f(omitted)h(if)f(the)h(username)f(is)g(the)h(same)g (on)g(b)s(oth)f(the)h(lo)s(cal)f(and)g(remote)150 1349 y(hosts.\))150 1567 y Fl(2.9.3)63 b(Direct)40 b(connection)h(with)g (passw)m(ord)g(authen)m(tication)275 1758 y Ft(The)29 b Fs(cvs)f Ft(clien)m(t)h(can)h(also)g(connect)g(to)h(the)e(serv)m(er)h (using)e(a)i(passw)m(ord)f(proto)s(col.)41 b(This)27 b(is)i(partic-)150 1868 y(ularly)i(useful)g(if)h(using)g Fo(rsh)g Ft(is)g(not)h(feasible)f(\(for)h(example,)h(the)f(serv)m(er)g (is)f(b)s(ehind)e(a)k(\014rew)m(all\),)f(and)150 1977 y(Kerb)s(eros)c(also)i(is)e(not)i(a)m(v)-5 b(ailable.)275 2110 y(T)d(o)35 b(use)g(this)f(metho)s(d,)i(it)e(is)g(necessary)i(to)f (mak)m(e)i(some)e(adjustmen)m(ts)g(on)g(b)s(oth)f(the)h(serv)m(er)h (and)150 2220 y(clien)m(t)30 b(sides.)150 2438 y Fl(2.9.3.1)63 b(Setting)41 b(up)h(the)e(serv)m(er)h(for)g(passw)m(ord)h(authen)m (tication)275 2629 y Ft(First)49 b(of)i(all,)j(y)m(ou)d(probably)d(w)m (an)m(t)j(to)g(tigh)m(ten)g(the)f(p)s(ermissions)d(on)k(the)f(`)p Fo($CVSROOT)p Ft(')f(and)150 2739 y(`)p Fo($CVSROOT/CVSROOT)p Ft(')40 b(directories.)81 b(See)44 b(Section)g(2.9.3.3)i([P)m(assw)m (ord)f(authen)m(tication)f(securit)m(y],)150 2848 y(page)31 b(24,)h(for)e(more)g(details.)275 2981 y(On)25 b(the)h(serv)m(er)h (side,)f(the)h(\014le)e(`)p Fo(/etc/inetd.conf)p Ft(')e(needs)j(to)h(b) s(e)e(edited)h(so)g Fo(inetd)f Ft(kno)m(ws)h(to)h(run)150 3091 y(the)h(command)f Fo(cvs)i(pserver)d Ft(when)g(it)h(receiv)m(es)h (a)g(connection)g(on)f(the)g(righ)m(t)g(p)s(ort.)40 b(By)27 b(default,)h(the)150 3200 y(p)s(ort)e(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)f(is)g(2401;)30 b(it)c(w)m(ould)f(b)s(e)h(di\013eren)m(t)f(if)h(y)m(our)g(clien)m(t)g (w)m(ere)h(compiled)e(with)g Fo(CVS_AUTH_PORT)150 3310 y Ft(de\014ned)k(to)i(something)f(else,)h(though.)275 3442 y(If)c(y)m(our)g Fo(inetd)f Ft(allo)m(ws)h(ra)m(w)h(p)s(ort)e(n)m (um)m(b)s(ers)h(in)f(`)p Fo(/etc/inetd.conf)p Ft(',)e(then)k(the)f (follo)m(wing)f(\(all)h(on)150 3552 y(a)k(single)e(line)g(in)g(`)p Fo(inetd.conf)p Ft('\))f(should)g(b)s(e)i(su\016cien)m(t:)390 3679 y Fo(2401)94 b(stream)g(tcp)h(nowait)f(root)g(/usr/local/bin/cvs) 390 3783 y(cvs)47 b(-f)g(--allow-root=/usr/cvsroot)41 b(pserver)275 3915 y Ft(Y)-8 b(ou)30 b(could)g(also)g(use)g(the)h(`)p Fo(-T)p Ft(')f(option)g(to)h(sp)s(ecify)e(a)i(temp)s(orary)f(directory) -8 b(.)275 4048 y(The)38 b(`)p Fo(--allow-root)p Ft(')e(option)j(sp)s (eci\014es)f(the)h(allo)m(w)m(able)g Fs(cvsr)n(oot)e Ft(directory)-8 b(.)66 b(Clien)m(ts)38 b(whic)m(h)150 4158 y(attempt)24 b(to)g(use)e(a)i(di\013eren)m(t)e Fs(cvsr)n(oot)f Ft(directory)i(will)d(not)j(b)s(e)f(allo)m(w)m(ed)h(to)h(connect.)39 b(If)23 b(there)g(is)f(more)150 4267 y(than)33 b(one)g Fs(cvsr)n(oot)e Ft(directory)i(whic)m(h)f(y)m(ou)h(w)m(an)m(t)h(to)g (allo)m(w,)g(rep)s(eat)f(the)g(option.)49 b(\(Unfortunately)-8 b(,)150 4377 y(man)m(y)26 b(v)m(ersions)f(of)g Fo(inetd)g Ft(ha)m(v)m(e)h(v)m(ery)g(small)e(limits)g(on)h(the)h(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)e (of)i(argumen)m(ts)g(and/or)f(the)h(total)150 4486 y(length)35 b(of)i(the)f(command.)57 b(The)35 b(usual)g(solution)f(to)j(this)e (problem)f(is)h(to)i(ha)m(v)m(e)g Fo(inetd)e Ft(run)f(a)j(shell)150 4596 y(script)29 b(whic)m(h)g(then)h(in)m(v)m(ok)m(es)i Fs(cvs)d Ft(with)g(the)i(necessary)f(argumen)m(ts.\))275 4729 y(If)35 b(y)m(our)i Fo(inetd)e Ft(w)m(an)m(ts)i(a)g(sym)m(b)s (olic)e(service)h(name)g(instead)g(of)h(a)f(ra)m(w)h(p)s(ort)f(n)m(um)m (b)s(er,)h(then)f(put)150 4838 y(this)29 b(in)g(`)p Fo(/etc/services)p Ft(':)390 4965 y Fo(cvspserver)284 b(2401/tcp)275 5098 y Ft(and)29 b(put)h Fo(cvspserver)e Ft(instead)h(of)i Fo(2401)e Ft(in)g(`)p Fo(inetd.conf)p Ft('.)275 5230 y(Once)e(the)g(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)i(is)d(tak)m(en)i(care)h(of,)f(restart)g (y)m(our)f Fo(inetd)p Ft(,)g(or)g(do)g(whatev)m(er)h(is)f(necessary)g (to)h(force)150 5340 y(it)i(to)h(reread)f(its)g(initialization)d (\014les.)p eop %%Page: 22 24 22 23 bop 150 -116 a Ft(22)2111 b(CVS|Concurren)m(t)29 b(V)-8 b(ersions)30 b(System)275 299 y(If)f(y)m(ou)i(are)g(ha)m(ving)f (trouble)f(setting)i(this)e(up,)h(see)h(Section)f(F.2)h([Connection],)g (page)g(150.)275 434 y(Because)83 b(the)g(clien)m(t)f(stores)h(and)e (transmits)h(passw)m(ords)f(in)g(cleartext)j(\(almost|see)150 544 y(Section)42 b(2.9.3.3)j([P)m(assw)m(ord)e(authen)m(tication)f (securit)m(y],)k(page)d(24,)k(for)42 b(details\),)j(a)e(separate)g Fs(cvs)150 654 y Ft(passw)m(ord)34 b(\014le)g(is)g(generally)g(used,)h (so)g(p)s(eople)f(don't)g(compromise)g(their)g(regular)g(passw)m(ords)g (when)150 763 y(they)e(access)h(the)f(rep)s(ository)-8 b(.)45 b(This)30 b(\014le)g(is)h(`)p Fo($CVSROOT/CVSROOT/passwd)p Ft(')26 b(\(see)33 b(Section)f(2.4)h([In)m(tro)150 873 y(administrativ)m(e)f(\014les],)h(page)i(16\).)50 b(It)34 b(uses)f(a)h(colon-separated)g(format,)h(similar)30 b(to)35 b(`)p Fo(/etc/passwd)p Ft(')150 982 y(on)30 b(Unix)e(systems,)i(except) h(that)f(it)g(has)f(few)m(er)h(\014elds:)39 b Fs(cvs)29 b Ft(username,)h(optional)e(passw)m(ord,)i(and)f(an)150 1092 y(optional)f(system)i(username)e(for)h Fs(cvs)g Ft(to)h(run)d(as)j(if)e(authen)m(tication)h(succeeds.)41 b(Here)30 b(is)e(an)h(example)150 1202 y(`)p Fo(passwd)p Ft(')g(\014le)h(with)f(\014v)m(e)h(en)m(tries:)390 1331 y Fo(anonymous:)390 1435 y(bach:ULtgRLXo7NRxs)390 1539 y(spwang:1sOp854gDF3DY)390 1643 y(melissa:tGX1fS8sun6rY:pu)o(bcvs)390 1746 y(qproj:XR4EZcEs0szik:pubc)o(vs)275 1882 y Ft(\(The)d(passw)m (ords)f(are)i(encrypted)f(according)h(to)g(the)g(standard)e(Unix)h Fo(crypt\(\))e Ft(function,)i(so)h(it)f(is)150 1992 y(p)s(ossible)h(to) j(paste)g(in)e(passw)m(ords)h(directly)f(from)g(regular)h(Unix)f(`)p Fo(/etc/passwd)p Ft(')f(\014les.\))275 2127 y(The)g(\014rst)g(line)g (in)f(the)i(example)g(will)d(gran)m(t)k(access)g(to)g(an)m(y)f Fs(cvs)f Ft(clien)m(t)h(attempting)g(to)h(authen)m(ti-)150 2237 y(cate)i(as)f(user)f Fo(anonymous)p Ft(,)e(no)i(matter)i(what)e (passw)m(ord)g(they)h(use,)f(including)d(an)j(empt)m(y)h(passw)m(ord.) 150 2346 y(\(This)j(is)g(t)m(ypical)h(for)g(sites)g(gran)m(ting)g(anon) m(ymous)g(read-only)f(access;)39 b(for)c(information)f(on)h(ho)m(w)g (to)150 2456 y(do)30 b(the)h Fo(")p Ft(read-only)p Fo(")e Ft(part,)i(see)f(See)h(Section)f(2.10)i([Read-only)f(access],)h(page)f (26.\))275 2592 y(The)37 b(second)h(and)f(third)f(lines)g(will)f(gran)m (t)j(access)i(to)e Fo(bach)f Ft(and)g Fo(spwang)f Ft(if)h(they)h (supply)d(their)150 2701 y(resp)s(ectiv)m(e)30 b(plain)m(text)g(passw)m (ords.)275 2837 y(The)k(fourth)f(line)g(will)f(gran)m(t)j(access)h(to)g Fo(melissa)p Ft(,)e(if)f(she)h(supplies)e(the)j(correct)g(passw)m(ord,) h(but)150 2946 y(her)24 b Fs(cvs)g Ft(op)s(erations)g(will)e(actually)j (run)e(on)i(the)g(serv)m(er)g(side)e(under)h(the)h(system)g(user)f Fo(pubcvs)p Ft(.)37 b(Th)m(us,)150 3056 y(there)30 b(need)g(not)h(b)s (e)e(an)m(y)i(system)f(user)g(named)g Fo(melissa)p Ft(,)e(but)i(there)g Fn(must)39 b Ft(b)s(e)30 b(one)h(named)e Fo(pubcvs)p Ft(.)275 3191 y(The)22 b(\014fth)g(line)f(sho)m(ws)i(that)g(system)g (user)g(iden)m(tities)e(can)i(b)s(e)f(shared:)37 b(an)m(y)23 b(clien)m(t)f(who)h(successfully)150 3301 y(authen)m(ticates)36 b(as)f Fo(qproj)f Ft(will)e(actually)i(run)g(as)h Fo(pubcvs)p Ft(,)g(just)f(as)h Fo(melissa)e Ft(do)s(es.)54 b(That)35 b(w)m(a)m(y)h(y)m(ou)150 3411 y(could)29 b(create)j(a)f(single,)e (shared)h(system)g(user)g(for)g(eac)m(h)h(pro)5 b(ject)31 b(in)e(y)m(our)h(rep)s(ository)-8 b(,)30 b(and)g(giv)m(e)h(eac)m(h)150 3520 y(dev)m(elop)s(er)23 b(their)f(o)m(wn)h(line)e(in)h(the)i(`)p Fo($CVSROOT/CVSROOT/passwd)p Ft(')17 b(\014le.)37 b(The)23 b Fs(cvs)f Ft(username)h(on)g(eac)m(h)150 3630 y(line)32 b(w)m(ould)g(b)s(e)h(di\013eren)m(t,)i(but)e(the)g(system)h(username)f (w)m(ould)g(b)s(e)g(the)g(same.)51 b(The)33 b(reason)h(to)h(ha)m(v)m(e) 150 3739 y(di\013eren)m(t)22 b Fs(cvs)f Ft(usernames)h(is)f(that)i(CVS) f(will)d(log)k(their)e(actions)h(under)f(those)i(names:)37 b(when)21 b Fo(melissa)150 3849 y Ft(commits)35 b(a)h(c)m(hange)g(to)g (a)f(pro)5 b(ject,)38 b(the)d(c)m(hec)m(kin)h(is)e(recorded)h(in)f(the) h(pro)5 b(ject's)36 b(history)e(under)g(the)150 3959 y(name)g Fo(melissa)p Ft(,)g(not)h Fo(pubcvs)p Ft(.)51 b(And)33 b(the)i(reason)f(to)h(ha)m(v)m(e)h(them)e(share)g(a)h(system)g (username)e(is)h(so)150 4068 y(that)c(y)m(ou)g(can)f(arrange)h(p)s (ermissions)c(in)i(the)i(relev)-5 b(an)m(t)29 b(area)i(of)e(the)h(rep)s (ository)e(suc)m(h)h(that)h(only)e(that)150 4178 y(accoun)m(t)k(has)e (write-p)s(ermission)d(there.)275 4313 y(If)41 b(the)h(system-user)g (\014eld)f(is)g(presen)m(t,)46 b(all)41 b(passw)m(ord-authen)m(ticated) h Fs(cvs)f Ft(commands)h(run)f(as)150 4423 y(that)32 b(user;)e(if)g(no)h(system)h(user)e(is)g(sp)s(eci\014ed,)g Fs(cvs)g Ft(simply)e(tak)m(es)33 b(the)e Fs(cvs)f Ft(username)g(as)i (the)f(system)150 4533 y(username)i(and)f(runs)g(commands)h(as)h(that)f (user.)49 b(In)33 b(either)f(case,)k(if)c(there)i(is)e(no)h(suc)m(h)g (user)g(on)g(the)150 4642 y(system,)j(then)f(the)f Fs(cvs)g Ft(op)s(eration)g(will)e(fail)i(\(regardless)g(of)h(whether)f(the)h (clien)m(t)f(supplied)e(a)j(v)-5 b(alid)150 4752 y(passw)m(ord\).)275 4887 y(The)32 b(passw)m(ord)h(and)f(system-user)h(\014elds)f(can)h(b)s (oth)f(b)s(e)h(omitted)g(\(and)g(if)f(the)h(system-user)g(\014eld)150 4997 y(is)44 b(omitted,)50 b(then)45 b(also)g(omit)g(the)h(colon)f (that)h(w)m(ould)e(ha)m(v)m(e)j(separated)f(it)f(from)g(the)g (encrypted)150 5106 y(passw)m(ord\).)40 b(F)-8 b(or)32 b(example,)e(this)f(w)m(ould)g(b)s(e)h(a)h(v)-5 b(alid)28 b(`)p Fo($CVSROOT/CVSROOT/passwd)p Ft(')d(\014le:)390 5236 y Fo(anonymous::pubcvs)390 5340 y(fish:rKa5jzULzmhOo:kfoge)o(l)p eop %%Page: 23 25 23 24 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Chapter)30 b(2:)41 b(The)30 b(Rep)s(ository) 2425 b(23)390 299 y Fo(sussman:1sOp854gDF3DY)275 433 y Ft(When)33 b(the)g(passw)m(ord)g(\014eld)f(is)g(omitted)h(or)h(empt)m (y)-8 b(,)35 b(then)e(the)g(clien)m(t's)g(authen)m(tication)h(attempt) 150 543 y(will)d(succeed)j(with)f(an)m(y)h(passw)m(ord,)h(including)30 b(the)k(empt)m(y)g(string.)50 b(Ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)37 b(the)d(colon)g(after)h(the)150 652 y Fs(cvs)29 b Ft(username)h(is)g (alw)m(a)m(ys)h(necessary)-8 b(,)31 b(ev)m(en)g(if)e(the)i(passw)m(ord) f(is)f(empt)m(y)-8 b(.)275 786 y(CVS)30 b(can)h(also)f(fall)g(bac)m(k)h (to)h(use)e(system)h(authen)m(tication.)42 b(When)30 b(authen)m(ticating)h(a)g(passw)m(ord,)150 896 y(the)k(serv)m(er)g (\014rst)g(c)m(hec)m(ks)h(for)f(the)g(user)g(in)e(the)i(`)p Fo($CVSROOT/CVSROOT/passwd)p Ft(')30 b(\014le.)53 b(If)35 b(it)f(\014nds)g(the)150 1006 y(user,)27 b(it)g(will)e(use)i(that)g(en) m(try)h(for)f(authen)m(tication)g(as)h(describ)s(ed)d(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e.) 41 b(But)27 b(if)f(it)h(do)s(es)g(not)g(\014nd)f(the)150 1115 y(user,)32 b(or)g(if)e(the)i Fs(cvs)f Ft(`)p Fo(passwd)p Ft(')g(\014le)g(do)s(es)g(not)h(exist,)h(then)e(the)h(serv)m(er)g(can)g (try)g(to)h(authen)m(ticate)g(the)150 1225 y(username)e(and)f(passw)m (ord)h(using)e(the)j(op)s(erating)f(system's)g(user-lo)s(okup)e (routines)i(\(this)f Fo(")p Ft(fallbac)m(k)p Fo(")150 1334 y Ft(b)s(eha)m(vior)21 b(can)h(b)s(e)e(disabled)g(b)m(y)h(setting) h Fo(SystemAuth=no)c Ft(in)i(the)i Fs(cvs)f Ft(`)p Fo(config)p Ft(')f(\014le,)j(see)f(Section)f(C.13)150 1444 y([con\014g],)39 b(page)e(139\).)61 b(Be)37 b(a)m(w)m(are,)j(ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)f(that)e (falling)e(bac)m(k)i(to)g(system)g(authen)m(tication)f(migh)m(t)150 1554 y(b)s(e)i(a)i(securit)m(y)f(risk:)56 b Fs(cvs)39 b Ft(op)s(erations)f(w)m(ould)g(then)g(b)s(e)h(authen)m(ticated)h(with) e(that)h(user's)g(regular)150 1663 y(login)30 b(passw)m(ord,)i(and)f (the)g(passw)m(ord)g(\015ies)g(across)h(the)f(net)m(w)m(ork)i(in)d (plain)m(text.)43 b(See)32 b(Section)f(2.9.3.3)150 1773 y([P)m(assw)m(ord)g(authen)m(tication)f(securit)m(y],)h(page)g(24)g (for)f(more)h(on)f(this.)275 1907 y(Righ)m(t)i(no)m(w,)g(the)h(only)e (w)m(a)m(y)i(to)g(put)e(a)i(passw)m(ord)e(in)g(the)h Fs(cvs)f Ft(`)p Fo(passwd)p Ft(')g(\014le)g(is)h(to)g(paste)h(it)f (there)150 2017 y(from)e(somewhere)g(else.)41 b(Someda)m(y)-8 b(,)31 b(there)g(ma)m(y)g(b)s(e)f(a)g Fo(cvs)g(passwd)f Ft(command.)275 2151 y(Unlik)m(e)36 b(man)m(y)i(of)f(the)h(\014les)e (in)g(`)p Fo($CVSROOT/CVSROOT)p Ft(',)g(it)h(is)f(normal)h(to)h(edit)f (the)h(`)p Fo(passwd)p Ft(')e(\014le)150 2260 y(in-place,)f(rather)g (than)f(via)g Fs(cvs)p Ft(.)53 b(This)33 b(is)h(b)s(ecause)h(of)g(the)g (p)s(ossible)d(securit)m(y)i(risks)g(of)g(ha)m(ving)h(the)150 2370 y(`)p Fo(passwd)p Ft(')26 b(\014le)h(c)m(hec)m(k)m(ed)i(out)f(to)g (p)s(eople's)f(w)m(orking)f(copies.)40 b(If)27 b(y)m(ou)h(do)f(w)m(an)m (t)h(to)g(include)e(the)h(`)p Fo(passwd)p Ft(')150 2480 y(\014le)i(in)h(c)m(hec)m(k)m(outs)i(of)f(`)p Fo($CVSROOT/CVSROOT)p Ft(',)26 b(see)31 b(See)g(Section)f(C.10)h([c)m(hec)m(k)m(outlist],)h (page)g(137.)150 2703 y Fl(2.9.3.2)63 b(Using)42 b(the)f(clien)m(t)f (with)h(passw)m(ord)g(authen)m(tication)275 2895 y Ft(T)-8 b(o)31 b(run)f(a)h Fs(cvs)f Ft(command)h(on)g(a)g(remote)h(rep)s (ository)e(via)g(the)i(passw)m(ord-authen)m(ticating)e(serv)m(er,)150 3005 y(one)i(sp)s(eci\014es)f(the)h Fo(pserver)e Ft(proto)s(col,)j (username,)f(rep)s(ository)f(host,)i(and)e(path)h(to)h(the)f(rep)s (ository)-8 b(.)150 3114 y(F)g(or)31 b(example:)390 3243 y Fo(cvs)47 b(-d)g(:pserver:bach@faun.exampl)o(e.o)o(rg:/)o(usr/)o(loc) o(al/c)o(vsro)o(ot)41 b(checkout)46 b(someproj)275 3377 y Ft(or)390 3505 y Fo(CVSROOT=:pserver:bach@fa)o(un.e)o(xamp)o(le.)o (org:)o(/usr)o(/lo)o(cal/)o(cvsr)o(oot)390 3609 y(cvs)h(checkout)e (someproj)275 3743 y Ft(Ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)h(unless)39 b(y)m(ou're)j(connecting)g(to)g(a)g(public-access)e(rep)s(ository)g (\(i.e.,)45 b(one)d(where)e(that)150 3853 y(username)34 b(do)s(esn't)g(require)f(a)i(passw)m(ord\),)g(y)m(ou'll)f(need)g(to)h Fm(log)g(in)e Ft(\014rst.)52 b(Logging)35 b(in)e(v)m(eri\014es)h(y)m (our)150 3963 y(passw)m(ord)e(with)g(the)h(rep)s(ository)-8 b(.)48 b(It's)33 b(done)g(with)f(the)h Fo(login)f Ft(command,)h(whic)m (h)f(will)e(prompt)j(y)m(ou)150 4072 y(in)m(teractiv)m(ely)d(for)h(the) f(passw)m(ord:)390 4201 y Fo(cvs)47 b(-d)g(:pserver:bach@faun.exampl)o (e.o)o(rg:/)o(usr/)o(loc)o(al/c)o(vsro)o(ot)41 b(login)390 4304 y(CVS)47 b(password:)275 4439 y Ft(After)39 b(y)m(ou)h(en)m(ter)g (the)g(passw)m(ord,)h Fs(cvs)e Ft(v)m(eri\014es)g(it)g(with)f(the)i (serv)m(er.)68 b(If)39 b(the)h(v)m(eri\014cation)f(suc-)150 4548 y(ceeds,)e(then)d(that)h(com)m(bination)f(of)h(username,)h(host,)g (rep)s(ository)-8 b(,)35 b(and)f(passw)m(ord)h(is)e(p)s(ermanen)m(tly) 150 4658 y(recorded,)h(so)f(future)g(transactions)g(with)f(that)i(rep)s (ository)e(w)m(on't)i(require)d(y)m(ou)j(to)g(run)e Fo(cvs)d(login)p Ft(.)150 4767 y(\(If)d(v)m(eri\014cation)f(fails,)g Fs(cvs)g Ft(will)e(exit)j(complaining)d(that)j(the)g(passw)m(ord)f(w)m(as)h (incorrect,)h(and)e(nothing)150 4877 y(will)j(b)s(e)h(recorded.\))275 5011 y(The)41 b(records)h(are)h(stored,)j(b)m(y)c(default,)j(in)c(the)h (\014le)g(`)p Fo($HOME/.cvspass)p Ft('.)73 b(That)42 b(\014le's)g(format)150 5121 y(is)35 b(h)m(uman-readable,)h(and)e(to)j (a)f(degree)g(h)m(uman-editable,)f(but)g(note)h(that)g(the)g(passw)m (ords)f(are)h(not)150 5230 y(stored)24 b(in)e(cleartext|they)j(are)f 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Fs(cvs)g Ft(commands)h(using)e(that)j(remote)g(rep)s(ository)e(and)h (username)150 868 y(will)g(authen)m(ticate)j(with)f(the)g(stored)h (passw)m(ord.)40 b(So,)30 b(for)g(example)390 993 y Fo(cvs)47 b(-d)g(:pserver:bach@faun.exampl)o(e.o)o(rg:/)o(usr/)o(loc)o(al/c)o (vsro)o(ot)41 b(checkout)46 b(foo)275 1123 y Ft(should)33 b(just)h(w)m(ork)h(\(unless)f(the)h(passw)m(ord)f(c)m(hanges)i(on)f (the)g(serv)m(er)g(side,)g(in)f(whic)m(h)g(case)i(y)m(ou'll)150 1233 y(ha)m(v)m(e)c(to)f(re-run)e Fo(cvs)g(login)p Ft(\).)275 1364 y(Note)g(that)f(if)f(the)h(`)p Fo(:pserver:)p Ft(')e(w)m(ere)i (not)g(presen)m(t)g(in)f(the)h(rep)s(ository)f(sp)s(eci\014cation,)g Fs(cvs)g Ft(w)m(ould)150 1473 y(assume)j(it)g(should)e(use)i Fo(rsh)f Ft(to)i(connect)h(with)c(the)j(serv)m(er)f(instead)g(\(see)h (Section)f(2.9.2)i([Connecting)150 1583 y(via)e(rsh],)g(page)h(20\).) 275 1713 y(Of)j(course,)i(once)f(y)m(ou)g(ha)m(v)m(e)g(a)g(w)m(orking)f (cop)m(y)i(c)m(hec)m(k)m(ed)g(out)f(and)f(are)h(running)d Fs(cvs)h Ft(commands)150 1823 y(from)c(within)d(it,)j(there)h(is)e(no)h (longer)f(an)m(y)i(need)e(to)i(sp)s(ecify)e(the)h(rep)s(ository)f (explicitly)-8 b(,)28 b(b)s(ecause)h Fs(cvs)150 1933 y Ft(can)i(deduce)f(the)g(rep)s(ository)g(from)f(the)i(w)m(orking)f (cop)m(y's)h(`)p Fo(CVS)p Ft(')f(sub)s(directory)-8 b(.)275 2063 y(The)28 b(passw)m(ord)h(for)g(a)h(giv)m(en)g(remote)g(rep)s (ository)e(can)i(b)s(e)f(remo)m(v)m(ed)h(from)f(the)h Fo(CVS_PASSFILE)c Ft(b)m(y)150 2173 y(using)j(the)h Fo(cvs)g(logout)f Ft(command.)150 2385 y Fl(2.9.3.3)63 b(Securit)m(y)40 b(considerations)i(with)f(passw)m(ord)g(authen)m(tication)275 2574 y Ft(The)35 b(passw)m(ords)g(are)h(stored)g(on)g(the)g(clien)m(t)f (side)g(in)f(a)i(trivial)e(enco)s(ding)h(of)h(the)g(cleartext,)j(and) 150 2684 y(transmitted)30 b(in)f(the)i(same)g(enco)s(ding.)40 b(The)30 b(enco)s(ding)g(is)g(done)g(only)g(to)h(prev)m(en)m(t)g(inadv) m(erten)m(t)g(pass-)150 2793 y(w)m(ord)36 b(compromises)f(\(i.e.,)j(a)f (system)f(administrator)e(acciden)m(tally)i(lo)s(oking)f(at)i(the)f (\014le\),)h(and)f(will)150 2903 y(not)31 b(prev)m(en)m(t)g(ev)m(en)g (a)f(naiv)m(e)h(attac)m(k)m(er)i(from)d(gaining)f(the)i(passw)m(ord.) 275 3034 y(The)40 b(separate)i Fs(cvs)e Ft(passw)m(ord)g(\014le)g (\(see)i(Section)f(2.9.3.1)j([P)m(assw)m(ord)d(authen)m(tication)g (serv)m(er],)150 3143 y(page)k(21\))h(allo)m(ws)e(p)s(eople)f(to)j(use) e(a)h(di\013eren)m(t)f(passw)m(ord)g(for)g(rep)s(ository)g(access)h (than)g(for)f(login)150 3253 y(access.)f(On)29 b(the)i(other)g(hand,)f (once)h(a)g(user)f(has)g(non-read-only)g(access)i(to)f(the)g(rep)s (ository)-8 b(,)30 b(she)h(can)150 3362 y(execute)e(programs)e(on)g (the)h(serv)m(er)g(system)f(through)g(a)h(v)-5 b(ariet)m(y)28 b(of)f(means.)40 b(Th)m(us,)27 b(rep)s(ository)g(access)150 3472 y(implies)k(fairly)i(broad)h(system)g(access)h(as)g(w)m(ell.)51 b(It)34 b(migh)m(t)g(b)s(e)g(p)s(ossible)e(to)j(mo)s(dify)d Fs(cvs)h Ft(to)i(prev)m(en)m(t)150 3581 y(that,)c(but)f(no)g(one)h(has) f(done)g(so)h(as)f(of)h(this)e(writing.)275 3712 y(Note)36 b(that)f(b)s(ecause)g(the)g(`)p Fo($CVSROOT/CVSROOT)p Ft(')c(directory)j(con)m(tains)h(`)p Fo(passwd)p Ft(')f(and)g(other)h (\014les)150 3822 y(whic)m(h)k(are)j(used)d(to)j(c)m(hec)m(k)g(securit) m(y)-8 b(,)44 b(y)m(ou)d(m)m(ust)g(con)m(trol)g(the)g(p)s(ermissions)c (on)k(this)e(directory)i(as)150 3931 y(tigh)m(tly)36 b(as)h(the)f(p)s(ermissions)e(on)i(`)p Fo(/etc)p Ft('.)58 b(The)36 b(same)h(applies)e(to)i(the)f(`)p Fo($CVSROOT)p Ft(')f(directory)h(itself)150 4041 y(and)g(an)m(y)g(directory)g(ab)s(o) m(v)m(e)h(it)f(in)f(the)h(tree.)59 b(An)m(y)m(one)37 b(who)e(has)h(write)g(access)h(to)g(suc)m(h)f(a)g(directory)150 4150 y(will)d(ha)m(v)m(e)38 b(the)e(abilit)m(y)f(to)i(b)s(ecome)f(an)m (y)h(user)e(on)h(the)h(system.)58 b(Note)37 b(that)g(these)g(p)s (ermissions)c(are)150 4260 y(t)m(ypically)c(tigh)m(ter)i(than)f(y)m(ou) h(w)m(ould)e(use)h(if)f(y)m(ou)i(are)g(not)f(using)f(pserv)m(er.)275 4391 y(In)38 b(summary)-8 b(,)41 b(an)m(y)m(one)g(who)d(gets)j(the)e (passw)m(ord)g(gets)h(rep)s(ository)e(access)j(\(whic)m(h)d(ma)m(y)i (imply)150 4500 y(some)33 b(measure)g(of)g(general)g(system)g(access)i (as)e(w)m(ell\).)48 b(The)32 b(passw)m(ord)g(is)g(a)m(v)-5 b(ailable)33 b(to)g(an)m(y)m(one)h(who)150 4610 y(can)k(sni\013)e(net)m (w)m(ork)j(pac)m(k)m(ets)g(or)f(read)g(a)g(protected)h(\(i.e.,)h(user)d (read-only\))g(\014le.)62 b(If)38 b(y)m(ou)g(w)m(an)m(t)g(real)150 4719 y(securit)m(y)-8 b(,)31 b(get)g(Kerb)s(eros.)150 4932 y Fl(2.9.4)63 b(Direct)40 b(connection)h(with)g(GSSAPI)275 5121 y Ft(GSSAPI)34 b(is)h(a)h(generic)g(in)m(terface)g(to)g(net)m(w)m (ork)h(securit)m(y)e(systems)h(suc)m(h)f(as)h(Kerb)s(eros)f(5.)56 b(If)36 b(y)m(ou)150 5230 y(ha)m(v)m(e)j(a)g(w)m(orking)e(GSSAPI)g (library)-8 b(,)38 b(y)m(ou)h(can)f(ha)m(v)m(e)h Fs(cvs)e Ft(connect)i(via)f(a)g(direct)f Fs(tcp)h Ft(connection,)150 5340 y(authen)m(ticating)31 b(with)e(GSSAPI.)p eop %%Page: 25 27 25 26 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Chapter)30 b(2:)41 b(The)30 b(Rep)s(ository) 2425 b(25)275 299 y(T)-8 b(o)36 b(do)g(this,)g Fs(cvs)f Ft(needs)g(to)i(b)s(e)e(compiled)g(with)f(GSSAPI)h(supp)s(ort;)i(when)e (con\014guring)f Fs(cvs)h Ft(it)150 408 y(tries)26 b(to)i(detect)h (whether)d(GSSAPI)g(libraries)f(using)g(k)m(erb)s(eros)i(v)m(ersion)f (5)i(are)f(presen)m(t.)40 b(Y)-8 b(ou)28 b(can)f(also)150 518 y(use)j(the)h(`)p Fo(--with-gssapi)p Ft(')c(\015ag)k(to)g (con\014gure.)275 669 y(The)f(connection)h(is)f(authen)m(ticated)i (using)e(GSSAPI,)g(but)h(the)g(message)h(stream)f(is)g Fn(not)40 b Ft(authen-)150 778 y(ticated)31 b(b)m(y)f(default.)40 b(Y)-8 b(ou)31 b(m)m(ust)f(use)g(the)h Fo(-a)f Ft(global)f(option)h(to) h(request)g(stream)f(authen)m(tication.)275 929 y(The)23 b(data)h(transmitted)g(is)e Fn(not)34 b Ft(encrypted)23 b(b)m(y)h(default.)37 b(Encryption)23 b(supp)s(ort)f(m)m(ust)h(b)s(e)g (compiled)150 1038 y(in)m(to)28 b(b)s(oth)g(the)h(clien)m(t)f(and)f (the)i(serv)m(er;)h(use)e(the)g(`)p Fo(--enable-encrypt)p Ft(')d(con\014gure)j(option)g(to)h(turn)e(it)150 1148 y(on.)41 b(Y)-8 b(ou)30 b(m)m(ust)h(then)f(use)g(the)g Fo(-x)g Ft(global)g(option)g(to)h(request)f(encryption.)275 1299 y(GSSAPI)k(connections)h(are)h(handled)d(on)i(the)g(serv)m(er)h (side)e(b)m(y)h(the)h(same)f(serv)m(er)h(whic)m(h)e(handles)150 1408 y(the)40 b(passw)m(ord)f(authen)m(tication)i(serv)m(er;)k(see)40 b(Section)g(2.9.3.1)j([P)m(assw)m(ord)d(authen)m(tication)g(serv)m (er],)150 1518 y(page)46 b(21.)86 b(If)45 b(y)m(ou)g(are)h(using)e(a)h (GSSAPI)g(mec)m(hanism)f(suc)m(h)h(as)h(Kerb)s(eros)e(whic)m(h)g(pro)m (vides)g(for)150 1627 y(strong)e(authen)m(tication,)j(y)m(ou)d(will)d (probably)h(w)m(an)m(t)i(to)h(disable)d(the)i(abilit)m(y)e(to)i(authen) m(ticate)h(via)150 1737 y(cleartext)38 b(passw)m(ords.)58 b(T)-8 b(o)37 b(do)f(so,)j(create)f(an)e(empt)m(y)h(`)p Fo(CVSROOT/passwd)p Ft(')c(passw)m(ord)j(\014le,)h(and)f(set)150 1847 y Fo(SystemAuth=no)27 b Ft(in)i(the)h(con\014g)h(\014le)e(\(see)j (Section)e(C.13)h([con\014g],)g(page)h(139\).)275 1997 y(The)43 b(GSSAPI)g(serv)m(er)h(uses)g(a)g(principal)d(name)j(of)g (cvs/)p Fm(hostname)p Ft(,)k(where)c Fm(hostname)49 b Ft(is)43 b(the)150 2107 y(canonical)26 b(name)g(of)h(the)g(serv)m(er)f (host.)40 b(Y)-8 b(ou)27 b(will)c(ha)m(v)m(e)28 b(to)f(set)g(this)f(up) f(as)i(required)d(b)m(y)i(y)m(our)h(GSSAPI)150 2216 y(mec)m(hanism.)275 2367 y(T)-8 b(o)30 b(connect)i(using)d(GSSAPI,)g(use)h(`)p Fo(:gserver:)p Ft('.)39 b(F)-8 b(or)31 b(example,)390 2512 y Fo(cvs)47 b(-d)g(:gserver:faun.example.org)o(:/u)o(sr/l)o(ocal)o (/cv)o(sroo)o(t)42 b(checkout)j(foo)150 2768 y Fl(2.9.5)63 b(Direct)40 b(connection)h(with)g(k)m(erb)s(eros)275 2977 y Ft(The)28 b(easiest)i(w)m(a)m(y)g(to)g(use)f(k)m(erb)s(eros)g (is)g(to)h(use)f(the)g(k)m(erb)s(eros)g Fo(rsh)p Ft(,)g(as)h(describ)s (ed)d(in)h(Section)h(2.9.2)150 3086 y([Connecting)c(via)h(rsh],)g(page) g(20.)40 b(The)26 b(main)e(disadv)-5 b(an)m(tage)26 b(of)g(using)f(rsh) f(is)h(that)h(all)f(the)h(data)g(needs)150 3196 y(to)j(pass)f(through)g (additional)f(programs,)h(so)h(it)f(ma)m(y)h(b)s(e)f(slo)m(w)m(er.)40 b(So)29 b(if)e(y)m(ou)i(ha)m(v)m(e)h(k)m(erb)s(eros)e(installed)150 3305 y(y)m(ou)j(can)f(connect)i(via)e(a)g(direct)g Fs(tcp)g Ft(connection,)h(authen)m(ticating)f(with)f(k)m(erb)s(eros.)275 3456 y(This)19 b(section)j(concerns)g(the)g(k)m(erb)s(eros)f(net)m(w)m (ork)h(securit)m(y)g(system,)i(v)m(ersion)d(4.)38 b(Kerb)s(eros)20 b(v)m(ersion)i(5)150 3566 y(is)h(supp)s(orted)f(via)h(the)h(GSSAPI)e (generic)i(net)m(w)m(ork)h(securit)m(y)e(in)m(terface,)j(as)e(describ)s (ed)d(in)i(the)g(previous)150 3675 y(section.)275 3826 y(T)-8 b(o)22 b(do)g(this,)h Fs(cvs)e Ft(needs)h(to)h(b)s(e)f(compiled) e(with)h(k)m(erb)s(eros)h(supp)s(ort;)i(when)d(con\014guring)g Fs(cvs)g Ft(it)h(tries)150 3935 y(to)31 b(detect)h(whether)e(k)m(erb)s (eros)g(is)f(presen)m(t)i(or)f(y)m(ou)h(can)f(use)g(the)h(`)p Fo(--with-krb4)p Ft(')d(\015ag)i(to)i(con\014gure.)275 4086 y(The)23 b(data)h(transmitted)g(is)e Fn(not)34 b Ft(encrypted)23 b(b)m(y)h(default.)37 b(Encryption)23 b(supp)s(ort)f(m)m(ust)h(b)s(e)g(compiled)150 4196 y(in)m(to)29 b(b)s(oth)g(the)g(clien)m(t)g(and)g(serv)m(er;)h(use)f(the)h(`)p Fo(--enable-encryption)p Ft(')24 b(con\014gure)29 b(option)g(to)h(turn) e(it)150 4305 y(on.)41 b(Y)-8 b(ou)30 b(m)m(ust)h(then)f(use)g(the)g Fo(-x)g Ft(global)g(option)g(to)h(request)f(encryption.)275 4456 y(Y)-8 b(ou)35 b(need)g(to)h(edit)e(`)p Fo(inetd.conf)p Ft(')f(on)i(the)g(serv)m(er)g(mac)m(hine)g(to)h(run)e Fo(cvs)29 b(kserver)p Ft(.)53 b(The)34 b(clien)m(t)150 4565 y(uses)23 b(p)s(ort)f(1999)k(b)m(y)d(default;)i(if)d(y)m(ou)i(w)m (an)m(t)g(to)g(use)f(another)g(p)s(ort)g(sp)s(ecify)f(it)h(in)f(the)h Fo(CVS_CLIENT_PORT)150 4675 y Ft(en)m(vironmen)m(t)30 b(v)-5 b(ariable)29 b(on)h(the)h(clien)m(t.)275 4825 y(When)g(y)m(ou)g(w)m(an)m(t)i(to)f(use)f Fs(cvs)p Ft(,)g(get)h(a)g (tic)m(k)m(et)h(in)d(the)i(usual)e(w)m(a)m(y)i(\(generally)f Fo(kinit)p Ft(\);)g(it)g(m)m(ust)h(b)s(e)150 4935 y(a)f(tic)m(k)m(et)h (whic)m(h)d(allo)m(ws)h(y)m(ou)g(to)h(log)g(in)m(to)f(the)h(serv)m(er)f (mac)m(hine.)41 b(Then)29 b(y)m(ou)i(are)g(ready)f(to)h(go:)390 5080 y Fo(cvs)47 b(-d)g(:kserver:faun.example.org)o(:/u)o(sr/l)o(ocal)o (/cv)o(sroo)o(t)42 b(checkout)j(foo)275 5230 y Ft(Previous)26 b(v)m(ersions)h(of)h Fs(cvs)f Ft(w)m(ould)f(fall)g(bac)m(k)j(to)f(a)g (connection)g(via)g(rsh;)f(this)g(v)m(ersion)g(will)e(not)j(do)150 5340 y(so.)p eop %%Page: 26 28 26 27 bop 150 -116 a Ft(26)2111 b(CVS|Concurren)m(t)29 b(V)-8 b(ersions)30 b(System)150 299 y Fl(2.9.6)63 b(Connecting)41 b(with)f(fork)275 494 y Ft(This)e(access)k(metho)s(d)e(allo)m(ws)g(y)m (ou)g(to)i(connect)f(to)g(a)g(rep)s(ository)e(on)i(y)m(our)f(lo)s(cal)g (disk)f(via)h(the)150 604 y(remote)45 b(proto)s(col.)82 b(In)43 b(other)h(w)m(ords)g(it)f(do)s(es)h(prett)m(y)h(m)m(uc)m(h)f (the)g(same)h(thing)e(as)h Fo(:local:)p Ft(,)i(but)150 713 y(v)-5 b(arious)29 b(quirks,)g(bugs)h(and)f(the)i(lik)m(e)f(are)g (those)h(of)g(the)f(remote)i Fs(cvs)d Ft(rather)h(than)h(the)f(lo)s (cal)g Fs(cvs)p Ft(.)275 851 y(F)-8 b(or)23 b(da)m(y-to-da)m(y)h(op)s (erations)e(y)m(ou)h(migh)m(t)f(prefer)g(either)g Fo(:local:)f Ft(or)h Fo(:fork:)p Ft(,)h(dep)s(ending)d(on)i(y)m(our)150 960 y(preferences.)39 b(Of)27 b(course)g Fo(:fork:)f Ft(comes)i(in)d(particularly)g(handy)h(in)g(testing)h(or)g(debugging)f Fo(cvs)h Ft(and)150 1070 y(the)34 b(remote)h(proto)s(col.)51 b(Sp)s(eci\014cally)-8 b(,)33 b(w)m(e)h(a)m(v)m(oid)g(all)f(of)h(the)g (net)m(w)m(ork-related)h(setup/con\014guration,)150 1180 y(timeouts,)g(and)e(authen)m(tication)h(inheren)m(t)f(in)g(the)h(other) g(remote)h(access)g(metho)s(ds)e(but)h(still)d(create)150 1289 y(a)g(connection)f(whic)m(h)f(uses)h(the)h(remote)g(proto)s(col.) 275 1426 y(T)-8 b(o)29 b(connect)h(using)d(the)j Fo(fork)d Ft(metho)s(d,)i(use)g(`)p Fo(:fork:)p Ft(')f(and)g(the)i(pathname)e(to) i(y)m(our)f(lo)s(cal)f(rep)s(os-)150 1536 y(itory)-8 b(.)41 b(F)-8 b(or)31 b(example:)390 1667 y Fo(cvs)47 b(-d)g(:fork:/usr/local/cvsroot)41 b(checkout)46 b(foo)275 1805 y Ft(As)40 b(with)e Fo(:ext:)p Ft(,)j(the)g(serv)m(er)f(is)f (called)g(`)p Fo(cvs)p Ft(')h(b)m(y)g(default,)i(or)e(the)g(v)-5 b(alue)39 b(of)i(the)f Fo(CVS_SERVER)150 1914 y Ft(en)m(vironmen)m(t)30 b(v)-5 b(ariable.)150 2179 y Fp(2.10)68 b(Read-only)46 b(rep)t(ository)g(access)275 2374 y Ft(It)56 b(is)f(p)s(ossible)e(to)k (gran)m(t)g(read-only)e(rep)s(ository)g(access)j(to)f(p)s(eople)e (using)f(the)i(passw)m(ord-)150 2484 y(authen)m(ticated)44 b(serv)m(er)g(\(see)h(Section)e(2.9.3)i([P)m(assw)m(ord)f(authen)m (ticated],)49 b(page)44 b(21\).)81 b(\(The)44 b(other)150 2593 y(access)f(metho)s(ds)d(do)h(not)g(ha)m(v)m(e)i(explicit)c(supp)s (ort)h(for)h(read-only)f(users)h(b)s(ecause)g(those)h(metho)s(ds)150 2703 y(all)36 b(assume)i(login)e(access)j(to)f(the)f(rep)s(ository)g (mac)m(hine)g(an)m(yw)m(a)m(y)-8 b(,)41 b(and)c(therefore)h(the)g(user) e(can)i(do)150 2813 y(whatev)m(er)31 b(lo)s(cal)f(\014le)f(p)s (ermissions)e(allo)m(w)j(her)g(to)h(do.\))275 2950 y(A)e(user)f(who)h (has)g(read-only)g(access)h(can)g(do)f(only)f(those)i Fs(cvs)e Ft(op)s(erations)g(whic)m(h)g(do)h(not)h(mo)s(dify)150 3059 y(the)35 b(rep)s(ository)-8 b(,)36 b(except)g(for)e(certain)h (\\administrativ)m(e")f(\014les)g(\(suc)m(h)h(as)g(lo)s(c)m(k)g (\014les)f(and)g(the)h(history)150 3169 y(\014le\).)71 b(It)40 b(ma)m(y)h(b)s(e)f(desirable)f(to)i(use)f(this)g(feature)g(in)g (conjunction)f(with)g(user-aliasing)g(\(see)i(Sec-)150 3279 y(tion)30 b(2.9.3.1)j([P)m(assw)m(ord)e(authen)m(tication)f(serv)m (er],)h(page)g(21\).)275 3416 y(Unlik)m(e)e(with)f(previous)h(v)m (ersions)h(of)g Fs(cvs)p Ft(,)f(read-only)h(users)f(should)f(b)s(e)i (able)f(merely)h(to)h(read)f(the)150 3525 y(rep)s(ository)-8 b(,)32 b(and)g(not)g(to)h(execute)h(programs)e(on)g(the)g(serv)m(er)h (or)f(otherwise)g(gain)g(unexp)s(ected)f(lev)m(els)150 3635 y(of)26 b(access.)40 b(Or)25 b(to)h(b)s(e)f(more)g(accurate,)j (the)e Fn(known)33 b Ft(holes)25 b(ha)m(v)m(e)i(b)s(een)d(plugged.)38 b(Because)27 b(this)d(feature)150 3745 y(is)30 b(new)g(and)g(has)h(not) g(receiv)m(ed)g(a)g(comprehensiv)m(e)f(securit)m(y)g(audit,)h(y)m(ou)g (should)d(use)j(whatev)m(er)g(lev)m(el)150 3854 y(of)g(caution)f(seems) g(w)m(arran)m(ted)h(giv)m(en)g(y)m(our)f(attitude)g(concerning)g (securit)m(y)-8 b(.)275 3992 y(There)24 b(are)h(t)m(w)m(o)i(w)m(a)m(ys) e(to)h(sp)s(ecify)e(read-only)g(access)i(for)f(a)h(user:)37 b(b)m(y)25 b(inclusion,)e(and)h(b)m(y)h(exclusion.)275 4129 y Fo(")p Ft(Inclusion)p Fo(")e Ft(means)j(listing)e(that)i(user)g (sp)s(eci\014cally)e(in)g(the)j(`)p Fo($CVSROOT/CVSROOT/readers)o Ft(')21 b(\014le,)150 4238 y(whic)m(h)29 b(is)h(simply)d(a)k (newline-separated)e(list)g(of)i(users.)40 b(Here)31 b(is)e(a)i(sample)e(`)p Fo(readers)p Ft(')g(\014le:)390 4370 y Fo(melissa)390 4474 y(splotnik)390 4577 y(jrandom)275 4715 y Ft(\(Don't)i(forget)h(the)e(newline)e(after)j(the)g(last)f (user.\))275 4852 y Fo(")p Ft(Exclusion)p Fo(")d Ft(means)k(explicitly) d(listing)g(ev)m(ery)m(one)k(who)e(has)g Fn(write)38 b Ft(access|if)30 b(the)h(\014le)390 4984 y Fo ($CVSROOT/CVSROOT/writers)150 5121 y Ft(exists,)h(then)f(only)g(those)h (users)e(listed)h(in)f(it)h(ha)m(v)m(e)i(write)d(access,)k(and)d(ev)m (ery)m(one)i(else)e(has)h(read-only)150 5230 y(access)i(\(of)f(course,) h(ev)m(en)g(the)f(read-only)f(users)g(still)f(need)h(to)i(b)s(e)e (listed)f(in)h(the)h Fs(cvs)f Ft(`)p Fo(passwd)p Ft(')f(\014le\).)150 5340 y(The)f(`)p Fo(writers)p Ft(')f(\014le)g(has)h(the)h(same)g (format)f(as)h(the)g(`)p Fo(readers)p Ft(')d(\014le.)p eop %%Page: 27 29 27 28 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Chapter)30 b(2:)41 b(The)30 b(Rep)s(ository) 2425 b(27)275 299 y(Note:)58 b(if)37 b(y)m(our)i Fs(cvs)e Ft(`)p Fo(passwd)p Ft(')g(\014le)h(maps)g(cvs)g(users)g(on)m(to)i (system)e(users)g(\(see)h(Section)f(2.9.3.1)150 408 y([P)m(assw)m(ord)d 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b(the)g(serv)m(er)h(is)e(killed)f(in)h(a)i(w)m(a)m(y)g(that) g(it)f(has)g(no)g(w)m(a)m(y)h(of)f(cleaning)g(up)f(\(most)i(notably)-8 b(,)33 b(`)p Fo(kill)330 3572 y(-KILL)p Ft(')c(on)h(unix\).)225 3707 y Fr(\017)60 b Ft(If)30 b(the)g(system)h(sh)m(uts)e(do)m(wn)h (without)g(an)g(orderly)f(sh)m(utdo)m(wn,)h(whic)m(h)f(tells)g(the)h (serv)m(er)h(to)g(clean)330 3817 y(up.)275 3976 y(In)j(cases)h(suc)m(h) g(as)g(this,)g(y)m(ou)g(will)d(need)j(to)g(man)m(ually)f(remo)m(v)m(e)i (the)f(`)p Fo(cvs-serv)p Fm(pid)t Ft(')c(directories.)150 4086 y(As)c(long)g(as)h(there)g(is)e(no)i(serv)m(er)f(running)e(with)h (pro)s(cess)h(iden)m(ti\014cation)f(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)g Fm(pid)p Ft(,)h(it)g(is)f(safe)i(to)g(do)150 4195 y(so.)p eop %%Page: 28 30 28 29 bop 150 -116 a Ft(28)2111 b(CVS|Concurren)m(t)29 b(V)-8 b(ersions)30 b(System)p eop %%Page: 29 31 29 30 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Chapter)30 b(3:)41 b(Starting)30 b(a)g(pro)5 b(ject)31 b(with)e(CVS)1912 b(29)150 299 y Fq(3)80 b(Starting)54 b(a)g(pro)9 b(ject)53 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Fm(wdir)53 b Fo(yoyodyne/)p Fm(rdir)390 3982 y Fo($)47 b(rm)h(-r)f Fm(wdir)150 4130 y Ft(Erasing)30 b(the)i(original)d(sources)i(is)g(a)g(go)s(o)s(d)g (idea,)h(to)g(mak)m(e)g(sure)e(that)i(y)m(ou)g(do)f(not)h(acciden)m (tally)e(edit)150 4239 y(them)37 b(in)e Fm(wdir)p Ft(,)h(b)m(ypassing)g Fs(cvs)p Ft(.)58 b(Of)36 b(course,)j(it)d(w)m(ould)g(b)s(e)g(wise)f(to) j(mak)m(e)f(sure)f(that)i(y)m(ou)f(ha)m(v)m(e)h(a)150 4349 y(bac)m(kup)30 b(of)h(the)f(sources)h(b)s(efore)f(y)m(ou)g(remo)m (v)m(e)i(them.)275 4497 y(The)d Fo(checkout)e Ft(command)j(can)g (either)f(tak)m(e)i(a)g(mo)s(dule)d(name)h(as)h(argumen)m(t)h(\(as)f (it)f(has)h(done)f(in)150 4606 y(all)d(previous)f(examples\))h(or)h(a)g (path)f(name)h(relativ)m(e)g(to)g Fo($CVSROOT)p Ft(,)e(as)i(it)f(did)f (in)g(the)i(example)f(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e.)275 4754 y(It)c(is)g(a)h(go)s(o)s (d)f(idea)g(to)h(c)m(hec)m(k)i(that)e(the)f(p)s(ermissions)e Fs(cvs)h Ft(sets)i(on)g(the)f(directories)g(inside)e Fo($CVSROOT)150 4864 y Ft(are)32 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2392 y(dard)41 b(format.)76 b(If)41 b(y)m(ours)h(do)s(es,)j(exp)s(ort)c(the)i Fs(r)n(cs)e Ft(\014les)f(and)i(then)f(follo)m(w)h(the)g(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e) 630 2502 y(instructions.)630 2633 y(F)-8 b(ailing)29 b(that,)h(probably)e(y)m(our)i(b)s(est)f(b)s(et)g(is)g(to)i(write)e(a)h (script)e(that)i(will)e(c)m(hec)m(k)j(out)f(the)630 2743 y(\014les)21 b(one)i(revision)e(at)i(a)g(time)f(using)f(the)i(command)f (line)f(in)m(terface)i(to)g(the)g(other)g(system,)630 2852 y(and)29 b(then)g(c)m(hec)m(k)i(the)e(revisions)f(in)m(to)h Fs(cvs)p Ft(.)39 b(The)29 b(`)p Fo(sccs2rcs)p Ft(')f(script)g(men)m (tioned)h(b)s(elo)m(w)630 2962 y(ma)m(y)i(b)s(e)f(a)g(useful)f(example) h(to)h(follo)m(w.)150 3115 y(F)-8 b(rom)31 b(SCCS)630 3224 y(There)24 b(is)g(a)i(script)e(in)f(the)i(`)p Fo(contrib)p Ft(')f(directory)g(of)h(the)g Fs(cvs)f Ft(source)h(distribution)d (called)630 3334 y(`)p Fo(sccs2rcs)p Ft(')31 b(whic)m(h)h(con)m(v)m (erts)j Fs(sccs)d Ft(\014les)g(to)i Fs(r)n(cs)e Ft(\014les.)49 b(Note:)e(y)m(ou)34 b(m)m(ust)f(run)f(it)g(on)i(a)630 3443 y(mac)m(hine)40 b(whic)m(h)f(has)h(b)s(oth)g Fs(sccs)f Ft(and)h Fs(r)n(cs)f Ft(installed,)i(and)f(lik)m(e)g(ev)m(erything)g (else)g(in)630 3553 y(con)m(trib)30 b(it)g(is)f(unsupp)s(orted)f(\(y)m (our)i(mileage)h(ma)m(y)g(v)-5 b(ary\).)150 3706 y(F)d(rom)31 b(PV)m(CS)630 3815 y(There)24 b(is)g(a)i(script)e(in)f(the)i(`)p Fo(contrib)p Ft(')f(directory)g(of)h(the)g Fs(cvs)f Ft(source)h (distribution)d(called)630 3925 y(`)p Fo(pvcs_to_rcs)p Ft(')31 b(whic)m(h)i(con)m(v)m(erts)i Fs(pv)n(cs)d Ft(arc)m(hiv)m(es)i (to)h Fs(r)n(cs)e Ft(\014les.)50 b(Y)-8 b(ou)34 b(m)m(ust)f(run)g(it)g (on)630 4034 y(a)h(mac)m(hine)f(whic)m(h)f(has)h(b)s(oth)f Fs(pv)n(cs)g Ft(and)h Fs(r)n(cs)f Ft(installed,)g(and)h(lik)m(e)f(ev)m (erything)h(else)g(in)630 4144 y(con)m(trib)j(it)f(is)g(unsupp)s(orted) e(\(y)m(our)k(mileage)f(ma)m(y)g(v)-5 b(ary\).)58 b(See)37 b(the)f(commen)m(ts)h(in)e(the)630 4253 y(script)29 b(for)h(details.) 150 4468 y Fl(3.1.3)63 b(Creating)40 b(a)h(directory)g(tree)f(from)h (scratc)m(h)275 4657 y Ft(F)-8 b(or)43 b(a)f(new)g(pro)5 b(ject,)46 b(the)c(easiest)h(thing)e(to)i(do)f(is)g(probably)e(to)j (create)h(an)e(empt)m(y)g(directory)150 4766 y(structure,)30 b(lik)m(e)g(this:)390 4892 y Fo($)47 b(mkdir)g(tc)390 4995 y($)g(mkdir)g(tc/man)390 5099 y($)g(mkdir)g(tc/testing)275 5230 y Ft(After)28 b(that,)h(y)m(ou)g(use)f(the)g Fo(import)f Ft(command)h(to)h(create)h(the)e(corresp)s(onding)e(\(empt)m(y\))j (directory)150 5340 y(structure)h(inside)e(the)j(rep)s(ository:)p eop %%Page: 31 33 31 32 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Chapter)30 b(3:)41 b(Starting)30 b(a)g(pro)5 b(ject)31 b(with)e(CVS)1912 b(31)390 299 y Fo($)47 b(cd)h(tc)390 403 y($)f(cvs)g(import)f(-m)i("Created)d (directory)g(structure")g(yoyodyne/)p Fm(dir)51 b Fo(yoyo)46 b(start)275 537 y Ft(Then,)29 b(use)h Fo(add)g Ft(to)h(add)f(\014les)f (\(and)h(new)g(directories\))g(as)g(they)h(app)s(ear.)275 672 y(Chec)m(k)f(that)h(the)g(p)s(ermissions)c Fs(cvs)i 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y Ft(assigns)k(n)m(um)m(b)s(ers)f(suc)m (h)h(as)h Fo(1.1)p Ft(,)f Fo(1.2)p Ft(,)g(and)g(so)h(on,)g(and)f(that)h (is)f(all)f(one)i(needs)f(to)h(kno)m(w.)45 b(Ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)150 758 y(some)25 b(p)s(eople)e(prefer)g(to)i(ha)m(v)m(e)h(more)e(kno)m (wledge)g(and)g(con)m(trol)g(concerning)g(ho)m(w)g Fs(cvs)f Ft(assigns)h(revision)150 868 y(n)m(um)m(b)s(ers.)275 1004 y(If)g(one)h(w)m(an)m(ts)g(to)g(k)m(eep)h(trac)m(k)g(of)f(a)g(set) g(of)g(revisions)d(in)m(v)m(olving)i(more)g(than)h(one)g(\014le,)g(suc) m(h)f(as)h(whic)m(h)150 1114 y(revisions)30 b(w)m(en)m(t)j(in)m(to)f(a) g(particular)e(release,)j(one)f(uses)g(a)g Fm(tag)p Ft(,)i(whic)m(h)c (is)h(a)i(sym)m(b)s(olic)d(revision)g(whic)m(h)150 1223 y(can)h(b)s(e)e(assigned)h(to)h(a)g(n)m(umeric)e(revision)g(in)g(eac)m (h)i(\014le.)150 1485 y Fp(4.1)68 b(Revision)46 b(n)l(um)l(b)t(ers)275 1680 y Ft(Eac)m(h)34 b(v)m(ersion)g(of)g(a)h(\014le)e(has)h(a)h(unique) d Fm(revision)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)p Ft(.)51 b(Revision)33 b(n)m(um)m(b)s(ers)g(lo)s(ok)h(lik)m(e)f(`)p Fo(1.1)p Ft(',)150 1789 y(`)p Fo(1.2)p Ft(',)f(`)p Fo(1.3.2.2)p Ft(')e(or)i(ev)m(en)g(`)p Fo(1.3.2.2.4.5)p Ft('.)42 b(A)32 b(revision)e(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)g(alw)m(a)m(ys)i(has)g(an)f(ev)m(en)h(n)m (um)m(b)s(er)f(of)150 1899 y(p)s(erio)s(d-separated)24 b(decimal)h(in)m(tegers.)39 b(By)26 b(default)f(revision)f(1.1)j(is)e (the)h(\014rst)f(revision)f(of)i(a)g(\014le.)38 b(Eac)m(h)150 2009 y(successiv)m(e)30 b(revision)d(is)h(giv)m(en)h(a)h(new)f(n)m(um)m (b)s(er)e(b)m(y)j(increasing)d(the)j(righ)m(tmost)f(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)f (b)m(y)h(one.)40 b(The)150 2118 y(follo)m(wing)29 b(\014gure)h(displa)m (ys)e(a)j(few)f(revisions,)f(with)g(new)m(er)h(revisions)f(to)i(the)f (righ)m(t.)724 2249 y Fo(+-----+)189 b(+-----+)g(+-----+)g(+-----+)g (+-----+)724 2353 y(!)48 b(1.1)e(!----!)h(1.2)f(!----!)h(1.3)f(!----!)h (1.4)f(!----!)h(1.5)f(!)724 2456 y(+-----+)189 b(+-----+)g(+-----+)g (+-----+)g(+-----+)275 2593 y Ft(It)27 b(is)f(also)h(p)s(ossible)e(to)i 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y(directory)d(con)m(tains)g(\014les)f(whose)g(highest)h(n)m(um)m(b)s (ered)e(revisions)g(are)j Fo(1.7)p Ft(,)f Fo(3.1)p Ft(,)f(and)h Fo(4.12)p Ft(,)f(then)h(an)150 4875 y(added)e(\014le)f(will)f(b)s(e)i (giv)m(en)g(the)h(n)m(umeric)e(revision)f Fo(4.1)p Ft(.)275 5011 y(Normally)37 b(there)i(is)f(no)h(reason)g(to)h(care)g(ab)s(out)e (the)h(revision)e(n)m(um)m(b)s(ers|it)g(is)h(easier)h(to)h(treat)150 5121 y(them)28 b(as)g(in)m(ternal)f(n)m(um)m(b)s(ers)g(that)h Fs(cvs)f Ft(main)m(tains,)h(and)f(tags)i(pro)m(vide)e(a)i(b)s(etter)f (w)m(a)m(y)h(to)g(distinguish)150 5230 y(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)21 b(things)e(lik)m(e)h(release)h(1)g(v)m(ersus)f(release)g(2)h(of)g(y)m (our)f(pro)s(duct)f(\(see)j(Section)e(4.4)h([T)-8 b(ags],)24 b(page)d(34\).)150 5340 y(Ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)41 b(if)35 b(y)m(ou)i(w)m(an)m(t)h(to)f(set)g(the)g(n)m(umeric)f(revisions,)h(the) f(`)p Fo(-r)p Ft(')h(option)f(to)i Fo(cvs)29 b(commit)35 b Ft(can)i(do)p eop %%Page: 34 36 34 35 bop 150 -116 a Ft(34)2111 b(CVS|Concurren)m(t)29 b(V)-8 b(ersions)30 b(System)150 299 y(that.)67 b(The)39 b(`)p Fo(-r)p Ft(')g(option)f(implies)e(the)j(`)p Fo(-f)p Ft(')g(option,)i(in)d(the)h(sense)g(that)h(it)e(causes)i(the)f(\014les) f(to)i(b)s(e)150 408 y(committed)31 b(ev)m(en)g(if)e(they)h(are)h(not)g (mo)s(di\014ed.)275 553 y(F)-8 b(or)44 b(example,)i(to)f(bring)c(all)i (y)m(our)g(\014les)f(up)h(to)h(revision)e(3.0)i(\(including)d(those)j (that)g(ha)m(v)m(en't)150 663 y(c)m(hanged\),)32 b(y)m(ou)e(migh)m(t)g (in)m(v)m(ok)m(e:)390 802 y Fo($)47 b(cvs)g(commit)f(-r)i(3.0)275 947 y Ft(Note)37 b(that)g(the)f(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)f(y)m(ou)i(sp)s(ecify)d (with)h(`)p Fo(-r)p Ft(')h(m)m(ust)h(b)s(e)e(larger)h(than)g(an)m(y)g (existing)g(revision)150 1056 y(n)m(um)m(b)s(er.)63 b(That)38 b(is,)h(if)e(revision)g(3.0)i(exists,)h(y)m(ou)f(cannot)f(`)p Fo(cvs)30 b(commit)f(-r)g(1.3)p Ft('.)64 b(If)38 b(y)m(ou)g(w)m(an)m(t) h(to)150 1166 y(main)m(tain)34 b(sev)m(eral)h(releases)g(in)f (parallel,)g(y)m(ou)h(need)g(to)h(use)e(a)h(branc)m(h)g(\(see)h (Chapter)e(5)h([Branc)m(hing)150 1276 y(and)30 b(merging],)g(page)h (41\).)150 1559 y Fp(4.4)68 b(T)-11 b(ags{Sym)l(b)t(olic)45 b(revisions)275 1762 y Ft(The)37 b(revision)f(n)m(um)m(b)s(ers)g(liv)m (e)h(a)h(life)f(of)h(their)e(o)m(wn.)63 b(They)37 b(need)h(not)g(ha)m (v)m(e)h(an)m(ything)e(at)i(all)d(to)150 1871 y(do)30 b(with)f(the)h(release)h(n)m(um)m(b)s(ers)e(of)h(y)m(our)g(soft)m(w)m (are)i(pro)s(duct.)39 b(Dep)s(ending)29 b(on)h(ho)m(w)g(y)m(ou)h(use)f Fs(cvs)f Ft(the)150 1981 y(revision)d(n)m(um)m(b)s(ers)g(migh)m(t)h(c)m (hange)h(sev)m(eral)g(times)f(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)h(t)m(w)m(o)h(releases.) 39 b(As)28 b(an)f(example,)h(some)g(of)150 2091 y(the)j(source)f (\014les)f(that)i(mak)m(e)h(up)d Fs(r)n(cs)g Ft(5.6)j(ha)m(v)m(e)g(the) e(follo)m(wing)f(revision)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(ers:)390 2230 y Fo(ci.c)572 b(5.21)390 2333 y(co.c)g(5.9)390 2437 y(ident.c)428 b(5.3)390 2541 y(rcs.c)524 b(5.12)390 2645 y(rcsbase.h)332 b(5.11)390 2749 y(rcsdiff.c)g(5.10)390 2852 y(rcsedit.c)g(5.11)390 2956 y(rcsfcmp.c)g(5.9)390 3060 y(rcsgen.c)380 b(5.10)390 3164 y(rcslex.c)g(5.11)390 3267 y(rcsmap.c)g(5.2)390 3371 y(rcsutil.c)332 b(5.10)275 3516 y Ft(Y)-8 b(ou)35 b(can)h(use)e(the)i Fo(tag)e Ft(command)h(to)g(giv)m(e)h(a)g(sym)m(b)s (olic)d(name)i(to)h(a)g(certain)f(revision)e(of)i(a)h(\014le.)150 3626 y(Y)-8 b(ou)31 b(can)f(use)g(the)g(`)p Fo(-v)p Ft(')g(\015ag)h(to) g(the)f Fo(status)f Ft(command)h(to)h(see)f(all)g(tags)h(that)g(a)f (\014le)f(has,)i(and)e(whic)m(h)150 3735 y(revision)38 b(n)m(um)m(b)s(ers)g(they)h(represen)m(t.)68 b(T)-8 b(ag)41 b(names)e(m)m(ust)g(start)h(with)e(an)i(upp)s(ercase)e(or)i(lo)m(w)m (ercase)150 3845 y(letter)f(and)f(can)h(con)m(tain)g(upp)s(ercase)e (and)h(lo)m(w)m(ercase)i(letters,)i(digits,)d(`)p Fo(-)p Ft(',)i(and)d(`)p Fo(_)p Ft('.)66 b(The)38 b(t)m(w)m(o)i(tag)150 3954 y(names)31 b Fo(BASE)f Ft(and)g Fo(HEAD)g Ft(are)i(reserv)m(ed)f (for)g(use)g(b)m(y)g Fs(cvs)p Ft(.)42 b(It)31 b(is)f(exp)s(ected)h (that)h(future)e(names)h(whic)m(h)150 4064 y(are)37 b(sp)s(ecial)f(to)h Fs(cvs)f Ft(will)e(b)s(e)j(sp)s(ecially)d(named,)39 b(for)d(example)h (b)m(y)f(starting)h(with)f(`)p Fo(.)p Ft(',)i(rather)f(than)150 4174 y(b)s(eing)29 b(named)h(analogously)g(to)h Fo(BASE)e Ft(and)h Fo(HEAD)p Ft(,)f(to)i(a)m(v)m(oid)g(con\015icts)f(with)f (actual)i(tag)h(names.)275 4318 y(Y)-8 b(ou'll)23 b(w)m(an)m(t)i(to)g (c)m(ho)s(ose)g(some)f(con)m(v)m(en)m(tion)i(for)e(naming)f(tags,)j (based)e(on)g(information)f(suc)m(h)g(as)i(the)150 4428 y(name)32 b(of)h(the)f(program)g(and)g(the)h(v)m(ersion)e(n)m(um)m(b)s (er)g(of)i(the)f(release.)47 b(F)-8 b(or)33 b(example,)g(one)f(migh)m (t)g(tak)m(e)150 4538 y(the)e(name)g(of)g(the)g(program,)g(immediately) e(follo)m(w)m(ed)i(b)m(y)f(the)h(v)m(ersion)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)e(with)h (`)p Fo(.)p Ft(')h(c)m(hanged)g(to)150 4647 y(`)p Fo(-)p Ft(',)39 b(so)e(that)g(CVS)f(1.9)i(w)m(ould)e(b)s(e)g(tagged)i(with)e (the)h(name)g Fo(cvs1-9)p Ft(.)58 b(If)36 b(y)m(ou)i(c)m(ho)s(ose)f(a)h (consisten)m(t)150 4757 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y(========================)o(====)o(====)o(===)o(====)o(====)o(===) o(====)o(====)o(===)o(====)o(====)o(==)390 714 y(File:)e(backend.c)427 b(Status:)46 b(Up-to-date)581 922 y(Version:)570 b(1.4)238 b(Tue)47 b(Dec)95 b(1)47 b(14:39:01)f(1992)581 1025 y(RCS)h(Version:) 379 b(1.4)238 b(/u/cvsroot/yoyodyne/tc/ba)o(cken)o(d.c,)o(v)581 1129 y(Sticky)46 b(Tag:)428 b(\(none\))581 1233 y(Sticky)46 b(Date:)380 b(\(none\))581 1337 y(Sticky)46 b(Options:)236 b(\(none\))581 1544 y(Existing)45 b(Tags:)772 1648 y(rel-0-4)1000 b(\(revision:)45 b(1.4\))275 1936 y Ft(F)-8 b(or)39 b(a)f(complete)h (summary)e(of)h(the)h(syn)m(tax)g(of)f Fo(cvs)29 b(tag)p Ft(,)40 b(including)35 b(the)j(v)-5 b(arious)38 b(options,)h(see)150 2046 y(App)s(endix)28 b(B)i([In)m(v)m(oking)h(CVS],)f(page)h(115.)275 2231 y(There)24 b(is)g(seldom)g(reason)h(to)g(tag)h(a)f(\014le)f(in)g (isolation.)37 b(A)25 b(more)g(common)g(use)g(is)f(to)h(tag)h(all)e (the)h(\014les)150 2340 y(that)g(constitute)g(a)h(mo)s(dule)d(with)g 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(tag)h(more)f(than)g(one)g(\014le)e(with)h(the)h(same)g(tag)h(y)m(ou)f (can)g(think)e(ab)s(out)i(the)g(tag)h(as)f Fo(")p Ft(a)150 5230 y(curv)m(e)i(dra)m(wn)g(through)f(a)i(matrix)e(of)i(\014lename)e (vs.)52 b(revision)32 b(n)m(um)m(b)s(er.)p Fo(")h Ft(Sa)m(y)i(w)m(e)f (ha)m(v)m(e)i(5)e(\014les)f(with)150 5340 y(the)e(follo)m(wing)d (revisions:)p eop %%Page: 36 38 36 37 bop 150 -116 a Ft(36)2111 b(CVS|Concurren)m(t)29 b(V)-8 b(ersions)30 b(System)772 299 y Fo(file1)142 b(file2)f(file3)h (file4)g(file5)772 506 y(1.1)238 b(1.1)f(1.1)h(1.1)95 b(/--1.1*)284 b(<-*-)95 b(TAG)772 610 y(1.2*-)142 b(1.2)237 b(1.2)191 b(-1.2*-)772 714 y(1.3)94 b(\\-)48 b(1.3*-)141 b(1.3)i(/)47 b(1.3)772 818 y(1.4)476 b(\\)95 b(1.4)g(/)g(1.4)1440 922 y(\\-1.5*-)141 b(1.5)1535 1025 y(1.6)275 1154 y Ft(A)m(t)38 b(some)f(time)g(in)f(the)i(past,)h(the)f Fo(*)e Ft(v)m(ersions)h(w)m (ere)h(tagged.)63 b(Y)-8 b(ou)37 b(can)h(think)e(of)h(the)h(tag)g(as)g (a)150 1263 y(handle)c(attac)m(hed)j(to)f(the)f(curv)m(e)h(dra)m(wn)e (through)h(the)g(tagged)i(revisions.)53 b(When)35 b(y)m(ou)h(pull)d(on) i(the)150 1373 y(handle,)41 b(y)m(ou)g(get)g(all)e(the)i(tagged)g (revisions.)69 b(Another)40 b(w)m(a)m(y)h(to)g(lo)s(ok)f(at)g(it)g(is)f (that)i(y)m(ou)g Fo(")p Ft(sigh)m(t)p Fo(")150 1482 y Ft(through)30 b(a)g(set)h(of)g(revisions)d(that)j(is)f Fo(")p Ft(\015at)p Fo(")g Ft(along)g(the)h(tagged)h(revisions,)c(lik)m (e)i(this:)772 1612 y Fo(file1)142 b(file2)f(file3)h(file4)g(file5)1535 1819 y(1.1)1535 1923 y(1.2)1154 2027 y(1.1)237 b(1.3)1097 b(_)772 2131 y(1.1)238 b(1.2)f(1.4)h(1.1)668 b(/)772 2234 y(1.2*----1.3*----1.5*----)o(1.2)o(*---)o(-1.1)232 b(\(---)47 b(<---)f(Look)h(here)772 2338 y(1.3)619 b(1.6)238 b(1.3)668 b(\\_)772 2442 y(1.4)1001 b(1.4)1917 2546 y(1.5)150 2797 y Fp(4.5)68 b(Sp)t(ecifying)45 b(what)g(to)h(tag)g(from)f(the)g(w) l(orking)h(directory)275 2990 y Ft(The)40 b(example)g(in)f(the)i (previous)e(section)i(demonstrates)g(one)g(of)g(the)g(most)g(common)g (w)m(a)m(ys)g(to)150 3100 y(c)m(ho)s(ose)33 b(whic)m(h)d(revisions)g (to)i(tag.)46 b(Namely)-8 b(,)33 b(running)c(the)j Fo(cvs)e(tag)g Ft(command)i(without)f(argumen)m(ts)150 3209 y(causes)j Fs(cvs)f Ft(to)i(select)f(the)g(revisions)e(whic)m(h)g(are)j(c)m(hec)m (k)m(ed)g(out)g(in)d(the)i(curren)m(t)g(w)m(orking)f(directory)-8 b(.)150 3319 y(F)g(or)28 b(example,)h(if)d(the)i(cop)m(y)g(of)g(`)p Fo(backend.c)p Ft(')e(in)g(w)m(orking)h(directory)g(w)m(as)h(c)m(hec)m (k)m(ed)i(out)e(from)f(revision)150 3429 y(1.4,)j(then)e Fs(cvs)g Ft(will)e(tag)k(revision)c(1.4.)42 b(Note)29 b(that)h(the)e(tag)i(is)e(applied)e(immediately)h(to)i(revision)e(1.4) 150 3538 y(in)h(the)h(rep)s(ository;)g(tagging)h(is)f(not)g(lik)m(e)g (mo)s(difying)d(a)k(\014le,)f(or)g(other)h(op)s(erations)e(in)g(whic)m (h)g(one)i(\014rst)150 3648 y(mo)s(di\014es)h(the)i(w)m(orking)g (directory)f(and)g(then)h(runs)e Fo(cvs)f(commit)h Ft(to)j(transfer)e (that)i(mo)s(di\014cation)d(to)150 3757 y(the)g(rep)s(ository)-8 b(.)275 3893 y(One)30 b(p)s(oten)m(tially)f(surprising)f(asp)s(ect)j (of)g(the)g(fact)g(that)h Fo(cvs)d(tag)h Ft(op)s(erates)h(on)g(the)g (rep)s(ository)f(is)150 4002 y(that)d(y)m(ou)f(are)g(tagging)h(the)f(c) m(hec)m(k)m(ed-in)h(revisions,)e(whic)m(h)g(ma)m(y)h(di\013er)f(from)g (lo)s(cally)g(mo)s(di\014ed)e(\014les)i(in)150 4112 y(y)m(our)30 b(w)m(orking)g(directory)-8 b(.)41 b(If)30 b(y)m(ou)h(w)m(an)m(t)g(to)h (a)m(v)m(oid)f(doing)e(this)h(b)m(y)g(mistak)m(e,)h(sp)s(ecify)e(the)i (`)p Fo(-c)p Ft(')f(option)150 4221 y(to)37 b Fo(cvs)29 b(tag)p Ft(.)57 b(If)36 b(there)g(are)h(an)m(y)f(lo)s(cally)f(mo)s (di\014ed)f(\014les,)j Fs(cvs)e Ft(will)e(ab)s(ort)j(with)f(an)h(error) g(b)s(efore)f(it)150 4331 y(tags)c(an)m(y)g(\014les:)390 4460 y Fo($)47 b(cvs)g(tag)g(-c)g(rel-0-4)390 4564 y(cvs)g(tag:)g (backend.c)e(is)i(locally)f(modified)390 4668 y(cvs)h([tag)g(aborted]:) e(correct)h(the)h(above)f(errors)g(first!)150 4927 y Fp(4.6)68 b(Sp)t(ecifying)45 b(what)g(to)h(tag)g(b)l(y)e(date)i(or)f (revision)275 5121 y Ft(The)28 b Fo(cvs)h(rtag)f Ft(command)g(tags)i (the)e(rep)s(ository)g(as)h(of)f(a)h(certain)g(date)g(or)g(time)f(\(or) h(can)g(b)s(e)f(used)150 5230 y(to)36 b(tag)g(the)f(latest)h (revision\).)53 b Fo(rtag)33 b Ft(w)m(orks)i(directly)f(on)h(the)g(rep) s(ository)f(con)m(ten)m(ts)j(\(it)e(requires)e(no)150 5340 y(prior)c(c)m(hec)m(k)m(out)j(and)e(do)s(es)g(not)h(lo)s(ok)f(for) g(a)h(w)m(orking)e(directory\).)p eop %%Page: 37 39 37 38 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Chapter)30 b(4:)41 b(Revisions)2669 b(37)275 299 y(The)32 b(follo)m(wing)f(options)i(sp)s(ecify)e(whic)m(h) h(date)i(or)f(revision)e(to)j(tag.)49 b(See)34 b(Section)e(A.5)i ([Common)150 408 y(options],)c(page)h(88,)h(for)e(a)h(complete)g (description)d(of)i(them.)150 608 y Fo(-D)g Fm(date)183 b Ft(T)-8 b(ag)31 b(the)g(most)g(recen)m(t)g(revision)e(no)h(later)g (than)g Fm(date)p Ft(.)150 795 y Fo(-f)384 b Ft(Only)21 b(useful)f(with)h(the)i(`)p Fo(-D)30 b Fm(date)5 b Ft(')23 b(or)g(`)p Fo(-r)30 b Fm(tag)8 b Ft(')23 b(\015ags.)38 b(If)22 b(no)h(matc)m(hing)f(revision)f(is)g(found,)630 904 y(use)30 b(the)h(most)f(recen)m(t)i(revision)c(\(instead)i(of)h (ignoring)e(the)h(\014le\).)150 1090 y Fo(-r)g Fm(tag)229 b Ft(Only)29 b(tag)i(those)g(\014les)f(that)g(con)m(tain)h(existing)f (tag)h Fm(tag)p Ft(.)275 1290 y(The)40 b Fo(cvs)29 b(tag)40 b Ft(command)h(also)f(allo)m(ws)g(one)h(to)h(sp)s(ecify)d(\014les)h(b)m (y)h(revision)e(or)h(date,)k(using)c(the)150 1400 y(same)26 b(`)p Fo(-r)p Ft(',)h(`)p Fo(-D)p Ft(',)g(and)e(`)p Fo(-f)p Ft(')h(options.)38 b(Ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)29 b(this)c(feature)h(is)f (probably)f(not)i(what)f(y)m(ou)h(w)m(an)m(t.)40 b(The)150 1509 y(reason)27 b(is)f(that)h Fo(cvs)j(tag)c Ft(c)m(ho)s(oses)i(whic)m (h)d(\014les)h(to)i(tag)g(based)e(on)h(the)g(\014les)f(that)h(exist)g (in)f(the)h(w)m(orking)150 1619 y(directory)-8 b(,)35 b(rather)e(than)h(the)g(\014les)f(whic)m(h)f(existed)i(as)g(of)g(the)g (giv)m(en)f(tag/date.)54 b(Therefore,)34 b(y)m(ou)h(are)150 1729 y(generally)30 b(b)s(etter)g(o\013)h(using)e Fo(cvs)g(rtag)p Ft(.)40 b(The)30 b(exceptions)g(migh)m(t)g(b)s(e)g(cases)h(lik)m(e:)390 1884 y Fo(cvs)47 b(tag)g(-r)g(1.4)g(backend.c)150 2209 y Fp(4.7)68 b(Deleting,)47 b(mo)l(ving,)f(and)f(renaming)g(tags)275 2428 y Ft(Normally)37 b(one)h(do)s(es)g(not)h(mo)s(dify)d(tags.)65 b(They)38 b(exist)g(in)f(order)h(to)h(record)f(the)g(history)f(of)i (the)150 2538 y(rep)s(ository)33 b(and)h(so)h(deleting)e(them)i(or)f(c) m(hanging)h(their)e(meaning)h(w)m(ould,)g(generally)-8 b(,)36 b(not)e(b)s(e)g(what)150 2647 y(y)m(ou)d(w)m(an)m(t.)275 2809 y(Ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)h(there)f(migh)m(t)f(b)s(e)g(cases)i(in)d (whic)m(h)g(one)i(uses)f(a)h(tag)h(temp)s(orarily)c(or)j(acciden)m (tally)f(puts)150 2918 y(one)g(in)e(the)i(wrong)f(place.)40 b(Therefore,)30 b(one)g(migh)m(t)f(delete,)i(mo)m(v)m(e,)g(or)f(rename) f(a)h(tag.)42 b(W)-8 b(arning:)40 b(the)150 3028 y(commands)35 b(in)f(this)g(section)i(are)g(dangerous;)h(they)f(p)s(ermanen)m(tly)e (discard)g(historical)g(information)150 3138 y(and)i(it)g(can)h (di\016cult)e(or)i(imp)s(ossible)c(to)38 b(reco)m(v)m(er)g(from)f (errors.)59 b(If)36 b(y)m(ou)h(are)g(a)h Fs(cvs)d Ft(administrator,)150 3247 y(y)m(ou)40 b(ma)m(y)g(consider)e(restricting)g(these)i(commands)f (with)f(taginfo)h(\(see)i(Section)e(8.3)h([user-de\014ned)150 3357 y(logging],)31 b(page)g(57\).)275 3518 y(T)-8 b(o)30 b(delete)h(a)g(tag,)h(sp)s(ecify)d(the)h(`)p Fo(-d)p Ft(')g(option)g(to)h(either)f Fo(cvs)g(tag)f Ft(or)i Fo(cvs)e(rtag)p Ft(.)40 b(F)-8 b(or)31 b(example:)390 3674 y Fo(cvs)47 b(rtag)g(-d)g(rel-0-4)f(tc)275 3835 y Ft(deletes)30 b(the)h(tag)g Fo(rel-0-4)e Ft(from)g(the)i(mo)s(dule)e Fo(tc)p Ft(.)275 3997 y(When)g(w)m(e)i(sa)m(y)g Fm(mo)m(v)m(e)36 b Ft(a)31 b(tag,)h(w)m(e)e(mean)g(to)h(mak)m(e)g(the)f(same)h(name)f(p) s(oin)m(t)f(to)i(di\013eren)m(t)f(revisions.)150 4106 y(F)-8 b(or)24 b(example,)h(the)f Fo(stable)e Ft(tag)i(ma)m(y)h(curren) m(tly)d(p)s(oin)m(t)h(to)h(revision)e(1.4)i(of)g(`)p Fo(backend.c)p Ft(')e(and)h(p)s(erhaps)150 4216 y(w)m(e)34 b(w)m(an)m(t)g(to)f(mak)m(e)i(it)d(p)s(oin)m(t)g(to)i(revision)e(1.6.) 50 b(T)-8 b(o)33 b(mo)m(v)m(e)i(a)f(tag,)h(sp)s(ecify)d(the)h(`)p Fo(-F)p Ft(')g(option)g(to)g(either)150 4325 y Fo(cvs)c(tag)h Ft(or)g Fo(cvs)g(rtag)p Ft(.)39 b(F)-8 b(or)32 b(example,)e(the)g(task) h(just)f(men)m(tioned)g(migh)m(t)g(b)s(e)g(accomplished)f(as:)390 4481 y Fo(cvs)47 b(tag)g(-r)g(1.6)g(-F)g(stable)f(backend.c)275 4642 y Ft(When)21 b(w)m(e)i(sa)m(y)g Fm(rename)k Ft(a)c(tag,)i(w)m(e)d (mean)h(to)g(mak)m(e)g(a)f(di\013eren)m(t)g(name)g(p)s(oin)m(t)f(to)i (the)f(same)h(revisions)150 4752 y(as)36 b(the)f(old)g(tag.)57 b(F)-8 b(or)37 b(example,)g(one)e(ma)m(y)h(ha)m(v)m(e)h(missp)s(elled) 32 b(the)k(tag)h(name)e(and)g(w)m(an)m(t)i(to)f(correct)150 4861 y(it)c(\(hop)s(efully)d(b)s(efore)j(others)g(are)g(relying)f(on)h (the)g(old)f(sp)s(elling\).)44 b(T)-8 b(o)32 b(rename)g(a)h(tag,)h (\014rst)d(create)j(a)150 4971 y(new)e(tag)i(using)e(the)h(`)p Fo(-r)p Ft(')g(option)f(to)h Fo(cvs)d(rtag)p Ft(,)i(and)h(then)f (delete)h(the)g(old)f(name.)49 b(This)31 b(lea)m(v)m(es)j(the)150 5081 y(new)c(tag)h(on)g(exactly)g(the)f(same)h(\014les)e(as)i(the)g (old)e(tag.)42 b(F)-8 b(or)31 b(example:)390 5236 y Fo(cvs)47 b(rtag)g(-r)g(old-name-0-4)d(rel-0-4)i(tc)390 5340 y(cvs)h(rtag)g(-d)g (old-name-0-4)d(tc)p eop %%Page: 38 40 38 39 bop 150 -116 a Ft(38)2111 b(CVS|Concurren)m(t)29 b(V)-8 b(ersions)30 b(System)150 299 y Fp(4.8)68 b(T)-11 b(agging)45 b(and)g(adding)g(and)g(remo)l(ving)h(\014les)275 492 y Ft(The)24 b(sub)5 b(ject)24 b(of)h(exactly)h(ho)m(w)f(tagging)g (in)m(teracts)h(with)d(adding)g(and)h(remo)m(ving)h(\014les)f(is)g (somewhat)150 602 y(obscure;)i(for)f(the)g(most)g(part)f Fs(cvs)g Ft(will)e(k)m(eep)j(trac)m(k)h(of)f(whether)f(\014les)g(exist) g(or)h(not)g(without)e(to)s(o)j(m)m(uc)m(h)150 711 y(fussing.)55 b(By)36 b(default,)h(tags)f(are)g(applied)e(to)i(only)f(\014les)g(whic) m(h)f(ha)m(v)m(e)j(a)g(revision)c(corresp)s(onding)h(to)150 821 y(what)28 b(is)g(b)s(eing)f(tagged.)41 b(Files)28 b(whic)m(h)f(did)f(not)j(exist)f(y)m(et,)i(or)f(whic)m(h)e(w)m(ere)h (already)g(remo)m(v)m(ed,)i(simply)150 931 y(omit)j(the)g(tag,)i(and)d Fs(cvs)g Ft(kno)m(ws)h(to)g(treat)h(the)f(absence)h(of)f(a)g(tag)h(as)f (meaning)f(that)i(the)f(\014le)f(didn't)150 1040 y(exist)e(as)h(of)f (that)h(tag.)275 1175 y(Ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)k(this)c(can)i(lose)f(a)h (small)e(amoun)m(t)i(of)f(information.)45 b(F)-8 b(or)33 b(example,)g(supp)s(ose)e(a)i(\014le)f(w)m(as)150 1285 y(added)e(and)h(then)g(remo)m(v)m(ed.)44 b(Then,)31 b(if)f(the)h(tag)i (is)d(missing)f(for)i(that)h(\014le,)e(there)i(is)e(no)h(w)m(a)m(y)h (to)g(kno)m(w)150 1395 y(whether)22 b(the)h(tag)h(refers)e(to)h(the)g (time)f(b)s(efore)g(the)h(\014le)f(w)m(as)h(added,)h(or)e(the)h(time)f (after)i(it)e(w)m(as)h(remo)m(v)m(ed.)150 1504 y(If)i(y)m(ou)i(sp)s (ecify)d(the)i(`)p Fo(-r)p Ft(')g(option)f(to)i Fo(cvs)j(rtag)p Ft(,)25 b(then)h Fs(cvs)f Ft(tags)i(the)f(\014les)f(whic)m(h)f(ha)m(v)m (e)k(b)s(een)d(remo)m(v)m(ed,)150 1614 y(and)30 b(thereb)m(y)g(a)m(v)m (oids)g(this)f(problem.)39 b(F)-8 b(or)31 b(example,)g(one)f(migh)m(t)g (sp)s(ecify)f Fo(-r)g(HEAD)g Ft(to)i(tag)h(the)e(head.)275 1749 y(On)i(the)h(sub)5 b(ject)33 b(of)g(adding)f(and)h(remo)m(ving)f (\014les,)h(the)h Fo(cvs)29 b(rtag)j Ft(command)h(has)g(a)g(`)p Fo(-a)p Ft(')g(option)150 1859 y(whic)m(h)f(means)h(to)h(clear)f(the)h (tag)g(from)f(remo)m(v)m(ed)h(\014les)e(that)i(w)m(ould)e(not)h (otherwise)g(b)s(e)f(tagged.)51 b(F)-8 b(or)150 1968 y(example,)43 b(one)e(migh)m(t)f(sp)s(ecify)f(this)h(option)g(in)f (conjunction)h(with)f(`)p Fo(-F)p Ft(')h(when)g(mo)m(ving)g(a)h(tag.)72 b(If)150 2078 y(one)31 b(mo)m(v)m(ed)h(a)g(tag)g(without)e(`)p Fo(-a)p Ft(',)i(then)e(the)i(tag)g(in)e(the)h(remo)m(v)m(ed)h(\014les)e (migh)m(t)h(still)e(refer)i(to)h(the)f(old)150 2187 y(revision,)h 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b(\(none\))275 4766 y Ft(The)24 b(stic)m(ky)i(tags)g (will)c(remain)j(on)g(y)m(our)g(w)m(orking)f(\014les)g(un)m(til)g(y)m (ou)h(delete)h(them)f(with)f(`)p Fo(cvs)30 b(update)150 4876 y(-A)p Ft('.)40 b(The)27 b(`)p Fo(-A)p Ft(')h(option)g(retriev)m (es)g(the)h(v)m(ersion)e(of)i(the)f(\014le)f(from)h(the)g(head)g(of)g (the)h(trunk,)f(and)f(forgets)150 4986 y(an)m(y)k(stic)m(ky)f(tags,)i (dates,)f(or)f(options.)275 5121 y(The)j(most)h(common)h(use)f(of)g (stic)m(ky)g(tags)h(is)e(to)i(iden)m(tify)e(whic)m(h)f(branc)m(h)i(one) g(is)f(w)m(orking)h(on,)h(as)150 5230 y(describ)s(ed)h(in)g(Section)i (5.3)h([Accessing)f(branc)m(hes],)i(page)f(42.)64 b(Ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,) 42 b(non-branc)m(h)37 b(stic)m(ky)h(tags)150 5340 y(ha)m(v)m(e)i(uses)e (as)g(w)m(ell.)64 b(F)-8 b(or)39 b(example,)i(supp)s(ose)c(that)i(y)m (ou)f(w)m(an)m(t)i(to)f(a)m(v)m(oid)g(up)s(dating)d(y)m(our)j(w)m (orking)p eop %%Page: 39 41 39 40 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Chapter)30 b(4:)41 b(Revisions)2669 b(39)150 299 y(directory)-8 b(,)36 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y(this)j(example,)i(put)f(`)p Fo(file1)p Ft(')f(bac)m(k)i(to)h (the)e(w)m(a)m(y)h(it)f(w)m(as)h(as)g(of)f(revision)f(1.1\).)51 b(In)32 b(that)i(case)h(y)m(ou)f(are)150 2415 y(b)s(etter)h(o\013)g (using)e(the)h(`)p Fo(-j)p Ft(')h(option)f(to)h Fo(update)p Ft(;)g(for)f(further)g(discussion)e(see)j(Section)f(5.8)i([Merging)150 2525 y(t)m(w)m(o)c(revisions],)d(page)i(46.)p eop %%Page: 40 42 40 41 bop 150 -116 a Ft(40)2111 b(CVS|Concurren)m(t)29 b(V)-8 b(ersions)30 b(System)p eop %%Page: 41 43 41 42 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Chapter)30 b(5:)41 b(Branc)m(hing)30 b(and)g(merging)2112 b(41)150 299 y Fq(5)80 b(Branc)l(hing)53 b(and)h(merging)275 541 y Ft(CVS)41 b(allo)m(ws)h(y)m(ou)h(to)h (isolate)e(c)m(hanges)i(on)m(to)g(a)f(separate)g(line)e(of)i(dev)m (elopmen)m(t,)k(kno)m(wn)42 b(as)h(a)150 651 y Fm(branc)m(h)p Ft(.)70 b(When)40 b(y)m(ou)h(c)m(hange)h(\014les)d(on)i(a)f(branc)m(h,) j(those)e(c)m(hanges)g(do)g(not)f(app)s(ear)g(on)g(the)h(main)150 760 y(trunk)29 b(or)i(other)f(branc)m(hes.)275 897 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Ft(automatically)32 b(switc)m(h)g(the)g(w)m(orking)g(cop)m(y)h(to)f(b)s (e)g(on)g(the)g(new)g(branc)m(h.)46 b(F)-8 b(or)33 b(information)150 4002 y(on)d(ho)m(w)h(to)g(do)f(that,)h(see)g(Section)f(5.3)i ([Accessing)f(branc)m(hes],)f(page)h(42.)275 4140 y(Y)-8 b(ou)30 b(can)h(also)f(create)i(a)f(branc)m(h)f(without)f(reference)i (to)g(an)m(y)g(w)m(orking)f(cop)m(y)-8 b(,)31 b(b)m(y)g(using)d Fo(rtag)p Ft(:)390 4271 y Fo($)47 b(cvs)g(rtag)g(-b)g(-r)g(rel-1-0)f (rel-1-0-patches)e(tc)275 4408 y Ft(`)p Fo(-r)30 b(rel-1-0)p Ft(')36 b(sa)m(ys)k(that)f(this)e(branc)m(h)h(should)f(b)s(e)h(ro)s (oted)h(at)g(the)g(revision)e(that)i(corresp)s(onds)150 4518 y(to)34 b(the)g(tag)h(`)p Fo(rel-1-0)p Ft('.)49 b(It)34 b(need)f(not)h(b)s(e)f(the)h(most)g(recen)m(t)h(revision)d({)i (it's)f(often)h(useful)e(to)j(split)d(a)150 4627 y(branc)m(h)25 b(o\013)h(an)g(old)e(revision)g(\(for)i(example,)g(when)f(\014xing)f(a) i(bug)f(in)g(a)h(past)f(release)h(otherwise)f(kno)m(wn)150 4737 y(to)31 b(b)s(e)f(stable\).)275 4874 y(As)d(with)f(`)p Fo(tag)p Ft(',)i(the)g(`)p Fo(-b)p Ft(')f(\015ag)h(tells)f Fo(rtag)f Ft(to)i(create)h(a)f(branc)m(h)f(\(rather)h(than)f(just)g(a)h (sym)m(b)s(olic)e(re-)150 4984 y(vision)e(name\).)40 b(Note)28 b(that)f(the)f(n)m(umeric)f(revision)f(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)h (that)i(matc)m(hes)g(`)p Fo(rel-1-0)p Ft(')e(will)f(probably)150 5093 y(b)s(e)30 b(di\013eren)m(t)g(from)f(\014le)h(to)h(\014le.)275 5230 y(So,)26 b(the)g(full)d(e\013ect)j(of)g(the)f(command)g(is)g(to)h (create)h(a)e(new)g(branc)m(h)g({)h(named)f(`)p Fo(rel-1-0-patches)p Ft(')150 5340 y({)31 b(in)e(mo)s(dule)g(`)p Fo(tc)p Ft(',)h(ro)s(oted)h (in)e(the)h(revision)f(tree)i(at)g(the)g(p)s(oin)m(t)e(tagged)j(b)m(y)e (`)p Fo(rel-1-0)p Ft('.)p eop %%Page: 42 44 42 43 bop 150 -116 a Ft(42)2111 b(CVS|Concurren)m(t)29 b(V)-8 b(ersions)30 b(System)150 299 y Fp(5.3)68 b(Accessing)45 b(branc)l(hes)275 495 y Ft(Y)-8 b(ou)22 b(can)g(retriev)m(e)g(a)g (branc)m(h)g(in)e(one)i(of)g(t)m(w)m(o)h(w)m(a)m(ys:)37 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656 y(Chapter)24 b(5)i([Branc)m(hing)f(and)f(merging],)i(page)g(41\).)40 b(Y)-8 b(ou)26 b(can)f(later)g(merge)h(the)f(additions)e(to)j(another) 150 766 y(branc)m(h)k(if)f(y)m(ou)i(w)m(an)m(t)g(\(see)g(Section)g(5.9) g([Merging)g(adds)e(and)h(remo)m(v)-5 b(als],)31 b(page)g(47\).)150 1046 y Fp(7.2)68 b(Remo)l(ving)47 b(\014les)275 1248 y Ft(Directories)34 b(c)m(hange.)54 b(New)34 b(\014les)g(are)h(added,)g (and)e(old)h(\014les)f(disapp)s(ear.)51 b(Still,)33 b(y)m(ou)i(w)m(an)m (t)g(to)h(b)s(e)150 1357 y(able)30 b(to)h(retriev)m(e)g(an)f(exact)i (cop)m(y)f(of)g(old)e(releases.)275 1501 y(Here)h(is)g(what)g(y)m(ou)h (can)g(do)f(to)h(remo)m(v)m(e)h(a)e(\014le,)g(but)g(remain)f(able)h(to) h(retriev)m(e)g(old)e(revisions:)225 1645 y Fr(\017)60 b Ft(Mak)m(e)41 b(sure)d(that)i(y)m(ou)g(ha)m(v)m(e)g(not)g(made)f(an)m (y)h(uncommitted)e(mo)s(di\014cations)g(to)i(the)f(\014le.)67 b(See)330 1754 y(Section)35 b(1.3.4)h([Viewing)e(di\013erences],)i 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y(tory)-8 b(.)275 2783 y(When)35 b(y)m(ou)h(commit)f(the)h(remo)m (v)-5 b(al)35 b(of)h(the)g(\014le,)g Fs(cvs)e Ft(records)i(the)f(fact)i (that)f(the)f(\014le)g(no)g(longer)150 2893 y(exists.)k(It)26 b(is)g(p)s(ossible)d(for)j(a)h(\014le)e(to)i(exist)f(on)g(only)g(some)g (branc)m(hes)g(and)g(not)g(on)h(others,)g(or)f(to)h(re-add)150 3002 y(another)e(\014le)f(with)f(the)i(same)h(name)e(later.)39 b(CVS)24 b(will)e(correctly)k(create)g(or)f(not)g(create)h(the)f (\014le,)g(based)150 3112 y(on)30 b(the)h(`)p Fo(-r)p Ft(')f(and)g(`)p Fo(-D)p Ft(')g(options)g(sp)s(eci\014ed)e(to)k Fo(checkout)c Ft(or)i Fo(update)p Ft(.)3465 3374 y(Command)-3725 b Fh(cvs)39 b(remo)m(v)m(e)45 b Fg([)p Fm(options)p Fg(])31 b Fm(\014les)k(.)22 b(.)g(.)390 3483 y Ft(Sc)m(hedule)28 b(\014le\(s\))g(to)h(b)s(e)g(remo)m(v)m(ed)g(from)f(the)h(rep)s (ository)f(\(\014les)g(whic)m(h)f(ha)m(v)m(e)j(not)f(already)g(b)s(een) 390 3593 y(remo)m(v)m(ed)43 b(from)e(the)h(w)m(orking)f(directory)g (are)h(not)g(pro)s(cessed\).)74 b(This)40 b(command)h(do)s(es)h(not)390 3702 y(actually)29 b(remo)m(v)m(e)i(the)e(\014le)f(from)h(the)h(rep)s (ository)e(un)m(til)g(y)m(ou)h(commit)g(the)h(remo)m(v)-5 b(al.)40 b(F)-8 b(or)31 b(a)e(full)390 3812 y(list)g(of)i(options,)e (see)i(App)s(endix)d(B)j([In)m(v)m(oking)f(CVS],)g(page)i(115.)275 4015 y(Here)e(is)g(an)g(example)g(of)h(remo)m(ving)f(sev)m(eral)h (\014les:)390 4153 y Fo($)47 b(cd)h(test)390 4256 y($)f(rm)h(*.c)390 4360 y($)f(cvs)g(remove)390 4464 y(cvs)g(remove:)f(Removing)f(.)390 4568 y(cvs)i(remove:)f(scheduling)f(a.c)i(for)g(removal)390 4672 y(cvs)g(remove:)f(scheduling)f(b.c)i(for)g(removal)390 4775 y(cvs)g(remove:)f(use)h('cvs)f(commit')g(to)h(remove)f(these)h (files)f(permanently)390 4879 y($)h(cvs)g(ci)h(-m)f("Removed)e (unneeded)h(files")390 4983 y(cvs)h(commit:)f(Examining)f(.)390 5087 y(cvs)i(commit:)f(Committing)f(.)275 5230 y Ft(As)33 b(a)h(con)m(v)m(enience)h(y)m(ou)f(can)g(remo)m(v)m(e)h(the)f(\014le)e (and)h Fo(cvs)d(remove)i Ft(it)h(in)f(one)i(step,)h(b)m(y)e(sp)s (ecifying)150 5340 y(the)e(`)p Fo(-f)p Ft(')f(option.)40 b(F)-8 b(or)31 b(example,)f(the)h(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)h(example)e(could)f (also)h(b)s(e)g(done)g(lik)m(e)g(this:)p eop %%Page: 53 55 53 54 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Chapter)30 b(7:)41 b(Adding,)29 b(remo)m(ving,)h(and)g(renaming)f(\014les)h(and)f(directories)933 b(53)390 299 y Fo($)47 b(cd)h(test)390 403 y($)f(cvs)g(remove)f(-f)i (*.c)390 506 y(cvs)f(remove:)f(scheduling)f(a.c)i(for)g(removal)390 610 y(cvs)g(remove:)f(scheduling)f(b.c)i(for)g(removal)390 714 y(cvs)g(remove:)f(use)h('cvs)f(commit')g(to)h(remove)f(these)h (files)f(permanently)390 818 y($)h(cvs)g(ci)h(-m)f("Removed)e(unneeded) h(files")390 922 y(cvs)h(commit:)f(Examining)f(.)390 1025 y(cvs)i(commit:)f(Committing)f(.)275 1195 y Ft(If)26 b(y)m(ou)i(execute)h Fo(remove)d Ft(for)h(a)h(\014le,)f(and)g(then)g(c) m(hange)h(y)m(our)g(mind)d(b)s(efore)i(y)m(ou)h(commit,)g(y)m(ou)g(can) 150 1305 y(undo)h(the)i Fo(remove)e Ft(with)g(an)h Fo(add)f Ft(command.)390 1468 y Fo($)47 b(ls)390 1572 y(CVS)142 b(ja.h)95 b(oj.c)390 1676 y($)47 b(rm)h(oj.c)390 1780 y($)f(cvs)g(remove)f(oj.c)390 1883 y(cvs)h(remove:)f(scheduling)f(oj.c) h(for)h(removal)390 1987 y(cvs)g(remove:)f(use)h('cvs)f(commit')g(to)h (remove)f(this)h(file)g(permanently)390 2091 y($)g(cvs)g(add)g(oj.c)390 2195 y(U)g(oj.c)390 2299 y(cvs)g(add:)g(oj.c,)f(version)g(1.1.1.1,)f (resurrected)275 2468 y Ft(If)29 b(y)m(ou)i(realize)f(y)m(our)g(mistak) m(e)g(b)s(efore)g(y)m(ou)h(run)d(the)j Fo(remove)d Ft(command)i(y)m(ou) g(can)h(use)f Fo(update)e Ft(to)150 2578 y(resurrect)i(the)h(\014le:) 390 2742 y Fo($)47 b(rm)h(oj.c)390 2845 y($)f(cvs)g(update)f(oj.c)390 2949 y(cvs)h(update:)f(warning:)f(oj.c)i(was)g(lost)390 3053 y(U)g(oj.c)275 3222 y Ft(When)28 b(y)m(ou)h(remo)m(v)m(e)i(a)e (\014le)f(it)g(is)g(remo)m(v)m(ed)i(only)d(on)i(the)g(branc)m(h)f(whic) m(h)g(y)m(ou)h(are)g(w)m(orking)f(on)h(\(see)150 3332 y(Chapter)d(5)h([Branc)m(hing)f(and)g(merging],)h(page)h(41\).)40 b(Y)-8 b(ou)27 b(can)g(later)g(merge)g(the)g(remo)m(v)-5 b(als)26 b(to)i(another)150 3442 y(branc)m(h)i(if)f(y)m(ou)i(w)m(an)m (t)g(\(see)g(Section)g(5.9)g([Merging)g(adds)e(and)h(remo)m(v)-5 b(als],)31 b(page)g(47\).)150 3787 y Fp(7.3)68 b(Remo)l(ving)47 b(directories)275 4014 y Ft(In)39 b(concept)j(remo)m(ving)e (directories)f(is)h(somewhat)h(similar)c(to)42 b(remo)m(ving)e (\014les|y)m(ou)f(w)m(an)m(t)j(the)150 4124 y(directory)32 b(to)h(not)g(exist)g(in)e(y)m(our)h(curren)m(t)h(w)m(orking)f (directories,)g(but)g(y)m(ou)h(also)f(w)m(an)m(t)i(to)f(b)s(e)f(able)g (to)150 4234 y(retriev)m(e)f(old)e(releases)i(in)e(whic)m(h)g(the)i (directory)e(existed.)275 4403 y(The)j(w)m(a)m(y)i(that)f(y)m(ou)g (remo)m(v)m(e)i(a)e(directory)f(is)g(to)h(remo)m(v)m(e)i(all)c(the)i (\014les)f(in)g(it.)47 b(Y)-8 b(ou)34 b(don't)e(remo)m(v)m(e)150 4513 y(the)h(directory)f(itself;)h(there)f(is)g(no)g(w)m(a)m(y)i(to)f (do)g(that.)48 b(Instead)32 b(y)m(ou)h(sp)s(ecify)e(the)i(`)p Fo(-P)p Ft(')f(option)h(to)g Fo(cvs)150 4622 y(update)f Ft(or)h Fo(cvs)c(checkout)p Ft(,)k(whic)m(h)f(will)e(cause)k Fs(cvs)f Ft(to)h(remo)m(v)m(e)h(empt)m(y)e(directories)g(from)g(w)m (orking)150 4732 y(directories.)49 b(\(Note)35 b(that)f Fo(cvs)29 b(export)j Ft(alw)m(a)m(ys)i(remo)m(v)m(es)g(empt)m(y)g (directories.\))49 b(Probably)32 b(the)h(b)s(est)150 4842 y(w)m(a)m(y)e(to)f(do)g(this)f(is)f(to)j(alw)m(a)m(ys)f(sp)s (ecify)f(`)p Fo(-P)p Ft(';)h(if)e(y)m(ou)j(w)m(an)m(t)f(an)g(empt)m(y)g (directory)f(then)h(put)f(a)h(dumm)m(y)150 4951 y(\014le)f(\(for)i (example)f(`)p Fo(.keepme)p Ft('\))f(in)g(it)h(to)h(prev)m(en)m(t)g(`)p Fo(-P)p Ft(')g(from)f(remo)m(ving)g(it.)275 5121 y(Note)i(that)g(`)p Fo(-P)p Ft(')f(is)f(implied)e(b)m(y)i(the)i(`)p Fo(-r)p Ft(')f(or)g(`)p Fo(-D)p Ft(')g(options)f(of)h Fo(checkout)p Ft(.)41 b(This)29 b(w)m(a)m(y)j Fs(cvs)e Ft(will)f(b)s(e)150 5230 y(able)35 b(to)i(correctly)f(create)h(the)f(directory)f(or)h(not)g (dep)s(ending)d(on)i(whether)h(the)f(particular)f(v)m(ersion)150 5340 y(y)m(ou)d(are)f(c)m(hec)m(king)i(out)e(con)m(tains)h(an)m(y)g (\014les)e(in)g(that)i(directory)-8 b(.)p eop %%Page: 54 56 54 55 bop 150 -116 a Ft(54)2111 b(CVS|Concurren)m(t)29 b(V)-8 b(ersions)30 b(System)150 299 y Fp(7.4)68 b(Mo)l(ving)45 b(and)g(renaming)h(\014les)275 503 y Ft(Mo)m(ving)34 b(\014les)f(to)i(a)f(di\013eren)m(t)g(directory)f(or)h(renaming)f(them) h(is)f(not)i(di\016cult,)e(but)g(some)i(of)f(the)150 613 y(w)m(a)m(ys)k(in)e(whic)m(h)h(this)f(w)m(orks)i(ma)m(y)g(b)s(e)f (non-ob)m(vious.)61 b(\(Mo)m(ving)38 b(or)f(renaming)g(a)h(directory)f (is)f(ev)m(en)150 722 y(harder.)k(See)30 b(Section)h(7.5)g([Mo)m(ving)g (directories],)f(page)h(55.\).)275 868 y(The)e(examples)h(b)s(elo)m(w)g (assume)g(that)h(the)g(\014le)e Fm(old)k Ft(is)d(renamed)f(to)j Fm(new)p Ft(.)150 1115 y Fl(7.4.1)63 b(The)41 b(Normal)f(w)m(a)m(y)g (to)h(Rename)275 1319 y Ft(The)36 b(normal)g(w)m(a)m(y)h(to)h(mo)m(v)m (e)g(a)f(\014le)f(is)g(to)h(cop)m(y)h Fm(old)h Ft(to)f Fm(new)p Ft(,)g(and)e(then)h(issue)e(the)i(normal)f Fs(cvs)150 1429 y Ft(commands)30 b(to)h(remo)m(v)m(e)h Fm(old)h Ft(from)d(the)h(rep)s(ository)-8 b(,)30 b(and)f(add)h Fm(new)38 b Ft(to)31 b(it.)390 1569 y Fo($)47 b(mv)h Fm(old)i(new)390 1673 y Fo($)d(cvs)g(remove)f Fm(old)390 1777 y Fo($)h(cvs)g(add)g Fm(new)390 1880 y Fo($)g(cvs)g(commit)f(-m)i ("Renamed)d Fm(old)51 b Fo(to)c Fm(new)8 b Fo(")47 b Fm(old)j(new)275 2026 y Ft(This)25 b(is)i(the)g(simplest)f(w)m(a)m(y)j (to)f(mo)m(v)m(e)h(a)f(\014le,)f(it)g(is)f(not)i(error-prone,)g(and)f (it)g(preserv)m(es)g(the)h(history)150 2136 y(of)35 b(what)g(w)m(as)g (done.)54 b(Note)36 b(that)f(to)h(access)g(the)f(history)f(of)h(the)g (\014le)f(y)m(ou)h(m)m(ust)g(sp)s(ecify)e(the)i(old)f(or)150 2245 y(the)g(new)e(name,)j(dep)s(ending)c(on)i(what)g(p)s(ortion)f(of)h (the)h(history)e(y)m(ou)i(are)g(accessing.)50 b(F)-8 b(or)34 b(example,)150 2355 y Fo(cvs)29 b(log)h Fm(old)j Ft(will)28 b(giv)m(e)j(the)f(log)h(up)e(un)m(til)g(the)h(time)g(of)h (the)f(rename.)275 2501 y(When)h Fm(new)40 b Ft(is)31 b(committed)h(its)g(revision)e(n)m(um)m(b)s(ers)h(will)e(start)k (again,)f(usually)e(at)j(1.1,)h(so)e(if)f(that)150 2611 y(b)s(others)42 b(y)m(ou,)47 b(use)42 b(the)h(`)p Fo(-r)30 b(rev)p Ft(')43 b(option)f(to)i(commit.)78 b(F)-8 b(or)43 b(more)g(information)f(see)h(Section)g(4.3)150 2720 y([Assigning)29 b(revisions],)g(page)i(33.)150 2967 y Fl(7.4.2)63 b(Mo)m(ving)41 b(the)g(history)h(\014le)275 3171 y Ft(This)22 b(metho)s(d)j(is)e(more) i(dangerous,)h(since)e(it)g(in)m(v)m(olv)m(es)h(mo)m(ving)g(\014les)e (inside)g(the)i(rep)s(ository)-8 b(.)38 b(Read)150 3281 y(this)29 b(en)m(tire)i(section)f(b)s(efore)g(trying)g(it)f(out!)390 3421 y Fo($)47 b(cd)h($CVSROOT/)p Fm(dir)390 3525 y Fo($)f(mv)h Fm(old)p Fo(,v)e Fm(new)p Fo(,v)150 3671 y Ft(Adv)-5 b(an)m(tages:)225 3817 y Fr(\017)60 b Ft(The)30 b(log)g(of)h(c)m (hanges)g(is)f(main)m(tained)f(in)m(tact.)225 3957 y Fr(\017)60 b Ft(The)30 b(revision)e(n)m(um)m(b)s(ers)h(are)i(not)g 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y(dra)m(wbac)m(ks.) p eop %%Page: 55 57 55 56 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Chapter)30 b(7:)41 b(Adding,)29 b(remo)m(ving,)h(and)g(renaming)f(\014les)h(and)f(directories)933 b(55)390 299 y Fo(#)47 b Ft(Cop)m(y)31 b(the)f Fs(r)n(cs)g Ft(\014le)f(inside)f(the)j(rep)s(ository)390 403 y Fo($)47 b(cd)h($CVSROOT/)p Fm(dir)390 506 y Fo($)f(cp)h Fm(old)p Fo(,v)e Fm(new)p Fo(,v)390 610 y(#)h Ft(Remo)m(v)m(e)33 b(the)d(old)g(\014le)390 714 y Fo($)47 b(cd)h(~/)p Fm(dir)390 818 y Fo($)f(rm)h Fm(old)390 922 y Fo($)f(cvs)g(remove)f Fm(old)390 1025 y Fo($)h(cvs)g(commit)f Fm(old)390 1129 y Fo(#)h Ft(Remo)m(v)m(e)33 b(all)c(tags)i(from)f Fm(new)390 1233 y Fo($)47 b(cvs)g(update)f Fm(new)390 1337 y Fo($)h(cvs)g(log)g Fm(new)628 b Fo(#)48 b Ft(Remem)m(b)s(er)30 b(the)g(non-branc)m(h)g (tag)h(names)390 1440 y Fo($)47 b(cvs)g(tag)g(-d)g Fm(tag1)57 b(new)390 1544 y Fo($)47 b(cvs)g(tag)g(-d)g Fm(tag2)57 b(new)390 1648 y Fo(...)275 1781 y Ft(By)30 b(remo)m(ving)g(the)h(tags) 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y(exit\(!!nerr\);)390 3569 y(>>>>>>>)f(1.6)390 3672 y(})275 3932 y Ft(Note)31 b(ho)m(w)f(all)g(non-o)m(v)m(erlapping)f (mo)s(di\014cations)f(are)j(incorp)s(orated)e(in)g(y)m(our)h(w)m (orking)g(cop)m(y)-8 b(,)32 b(and)150 4042 y(that)f(the)g(o)m(v)m (erlapping)e(section)i(is)e(clearly)h(mark)m(ed)g(with)f(`)p Fo(<<<<<<<)p Ft(',)g(`)p Fo(=======)p Ft(')g(and)h(`)p Fo(>>>>>>>)p Ft('.)275 4172 y(Y)-8 b(ou)27 b(resolv)m(e)g(the)g (con\015ict)g(b)m(y)g(editing)e(the)j(\014le,)e(remo)m(ving)h(the)g (mark)m(ers)g(and)g(the)g(erroneous)f(line.)150 4282 y(Supp)s(ose)j(y)m(ou)h(end)g(up)f(with)g(this)h(\014le:)390 4406 y Fo(#include)46 b()390 4510 y(#include)g()390 4717 y(int)h(main\(int)e(argc,)820 4821 y(char)h(**argv\))390 4925 y({)581 5029 y(init_scanner\(\);)581 5132 y(parse\(\);)581 5236 y(if)h(\(argc)f(!=)i(1\))581 5340 y({)p eop %%Page: 65 67 65 66 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Chapter)30 b(10:)41 b(Multiple)29 b(dev)m(elop)s(ers)2219 b(65)772 299 y Fo(fprintf\(stderr,)43 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b(the)g(do)s(cumen)m(tation)f(for)150 2812 y(p)s(cl-cvs.)150 3046 y Fp(10.4)68 b(Informing)46 b(others)f(ab)t(out)g(commits)275 3230 y Ft(It)35 b(is)f(often)h (useful)f(to)h(inform)f(others)h(when)f(y)m(ou)i(commit)e(a)i(new)f (revision)e(of)i(a)h(\014le.)53 b(The)35 b(`)p Fo(-i)p Ft(')150 3340 y(option)i(of)h(the)g(`)p Fo(modules)p Ft(')e(\014le,)j(or)f(the)g(`)p Fo(loginfo)p Ft(')e(\014le,)j(can)f(b)s (e)f(used)g(to)h(automate)i(this)c(pro)s(cess.)150 3450 y(See)28 b(Section)f(C.1)h([mo)s(dules],)f(page)h(127.)41 b(See)28 b(Section)f(C.7)h([loginfo],)g(page)g(135.)41 b(Y)-8 b(ou)28 b(can)g(use)f(these)150 3559 y(features)k(of)f Fs(cvs)f Ft(to,)i(for)f(instance,)h(instruct)e Fs(cvs)g Ft(to)i(mail)e(a)h(message)i(to)f(all)e(dev)m(elop)s(ers,)g(or)i(p)s (ost)f(a)150 3669 y(message)h(to)h(a)e(lo)s(cal)g(newsgroup.)150 3881 y Fp(10.5)68 b(Sev)l(eral)47 b(dev)l(elop)t(ers)e(sim)l (ultaneously)i(attempting)g(to)e(run)456 4014 y(CVS)275 4199 y Ft(If)24 b(sev)m(eral)g(dev)m(elop)s(ers)g(try)g(to)i(run)d Fs(cvs)g Ft(at)i(the)g(same)g(time,)h(one)e(ma)m(y)h(get)h(the)f(follo) m(wing)e(message:)390 4320 y Fo([11:43:23])45 b(waiting)h(for)h(bach's) f(lock)g(in)i(/usr/local/cvsroot/foo)275 4446 y Fs(cvs)39 b Ft(will)e(try)j(again)h(ev)m(ery)g(30)g(seconds,)h(and)e(either)g (con)m(tin)m(ue)g(with)f(the)h(op)s(eration)g(or)g(prin)m(t)150 4556 y(the)d(message)h(again,)g(if)e(it)g(still)e(needs)i(to)i(w)m (ait.)59 b(If)36 b(a)h(lo)s(c)m(k)g(seems)g(to)g(stic)m(k)g(around)f (for)g(an)h(undue)150 4665 y(amoun)m(t)25 b(of)f(time,)i(\014nd)d(the)i (p)s(erson)e(holding)f(the)j(lo)s(c)m(k)f(and)g(ask)h(them)f(ab)s(out)g (the)h(cvs)g(command)f(they)150 4775 y(are)33 b(running.)44 b(If)32 b(they)h(aren't)g(running)c(a)k(cvs)g(command,)g(lo)s(ok)f(in)f (the)i(rep)s(ository)e(directory)h(men-)150 4885 y(tioned)27 b(in)f(the)h(message)i(and)d(remo)m(v)m(e)j(\014les)d(whic)m(h)g(they)i (o)m(wn)f(whose)g(names)h(start)f(with)f(`)p Fo(#cvs.rfl)p Ft(',)150 4994 y(`)p Fo(#cvs.wfl)p Ft(',)j(or)h(`)p Fo(#cvs.lock)p Ft('.)275 5121 y(Note)f(that)f(these)h(lo)s(c)m(ks)f(are)g(to)h (protect)g Fs(cvs)p Ft('s)e(in)m(ternal)g(data)i(structures)e(and)g(ha) m(v)m(e)j(no)d(relation-)150 5230 y(ship)36 b(to)j(the)g(w)m(ord)f Fm(lo)s(c)m(k)43 b Ft(in)37 b(the)i(sense)f(used)f(b)m(y)h Fs(r)n(cs)p Ft(|whic)m(h)e(refers)i(to)h(reserv)m(ed)g(c)m(hec)m(k)m (outs)h(\(see)150 5340 y(Chapter)30 b(10)h([Multiple)d(dev)m(elop)s (ers],)j(page)g(61\).)p eop %%Page: 66 68 66 67 bop 150 -116 a Ft(66)2111 b(CVS|Concurren)m(t)29 b(V)-8 b(ersions)30 b(System)275 299 y(An)m(y)40 b(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)g (of)h(p)s(eople)f(can)h(b)s(e)f(reading)g(from)h(a)g(giv)m(en)g(rep)s (ository)f(at)i(a)f(time;)46 b(only)40 b(when)150 408 y(someone)31 b(is)f(writing)e(do)i(the)h(lo)s(c)m(ks)f(prev)m(en)m(t)h (other)g(p)s(eople)e(from)h(reading)f(or)i(writing.)275 549 y(One)e(migh)m(t)i(hop)s(e)e(for)h(the)h(follo)m(wing)e(prop)s(ert) m(y)390 684 y Fo(If)47 b(someone)f(commits)g(some)g(changes)g(in)h(one) g(cvs)g(command,)390 788 y(then)g(an)g(update)f(by)h(someone)f(else)h (will)f(either)g(get)h(all)g(the)390 892 y(changes,)f(or)h(none)f(of)i (them.)275 1032 y Ft(but)29 b Fs(cvs)h Ft(do)s(es)g Fn(not)39 b Ft(ha)m(v)m(e)32 b(this)d(prop)s(ert)m(y)-8 b(.)41 b(F)-8 b(or)31 b(example,)f(giv)m(en)h(the)f(\014les)390 1167 y Fo(a/one.c)390 1271 y(a/two.c)390 1375 y(b/three.c)390 1479 y(b/four.c)275 1619 y Ft(if)f(someone)i(runs)390 1754 y Fo(cvs)47 b(ci)g(a/two.c)f(b/three.c)275 1895 y Ft(and)30 b(someone)i(else)f(runs)e Fo(cvs)h(update)f Ft(at)j(the)f(same)g(time,)h(the)f(p)s(erson)f(running)e Fo(update)h Ft(migh)m(t)150 2004 y(get)j(only)d(the)i(c)m(hange)g(to)g (`)p Fo(b/three.c)p Ft(')e(and)g(not)i(the)f(c)m(hange)i(to)f(`)p Fo(a/two.c)p Ft('.)150 2277 y Fp(10.6)68 b(Mec)l(hanisms)46 b(to)f(trac)l(k)g(who)g(is)h(editing)f(\014les)275 2476 y Ft(F)-8 b(or)38 b(man)m(y)h(groups,)g(use)f(of)g Fs(cvs)g Ft(in)e(its)i(default)f(mo)s(de)h(is)f(p)s(erfectly)g(satisfactory)-8 b(.)65 b(Users)38 b(ma)m(y)150 2586 y(sometimes)c(go)h(to)h(c)m(hec)m (k)f(in)e(a)i(mo)s(di\014cation)e(only)g(to)i(\014nd)e(that)i(another)f (mo)s(di\014cation)f(has)h(in)m(ter-)150 2695 y(v)m(ened,)k(but)e(they) h(deal)f(with)f(it)h(and)g(pro)s(ceed)g(with)f(their)g(c)m(hec)m(k)j (in.)58 b(Other)36 b(groups)g(prefer)f(to)j(b)s(e)150 2805 y(able)32 b(to)h(kno)m(w)g(who)f(is)g(editing)f(what)h(\014les,)h (so)f(that)i(if)d(t)m(w)m(o)j(p)s(eople)e(try)g(to)h(edit)f(the)h(same) g(\014le)f(they)150 2915 y(can)41 b(c)m(ho)s(ose)g(to)h(talk)e(ab)s (out)g(who)h(is)e(doing)h(what)g(when)g(rather)g(than)g(b)s(e)g (surprised)e(at)j(c)m(hec)m(k)h(in)150 3024 y(time.)d(The)26 b(features)g(in)f(this)g(section)h(allo)m(w)f(suc)m(h)h(co)s (ordination,)g(while)e(retaining)h(the)h(abilit)m(y)e(of)j(t)m(w)m(o) 150 3134 y(dev)m(elop)s(ers)j(to)h(edit)f(the)g(same)h(\014le)e(at)j (the)e(same)h(time.)275 3274 y(F)-8 b(or)37 b(maxim)m(um)e(b)s (ene\014t)g(dev)m(elop)s(ers)h(should)e(use)i Fo(cvs)29 b(edit)35 b Ft(\(not)i Fo(chmod)p Ft(\))e(to)i(mak)m(e)h(\014les)d (read-)150 3384 y(write)f(to)h(edit)f(them,)i(and)e Fo(cvs)c(release)j Ft(\(not)i Fo(rm)p Ft(\))f(to)i(discard)d(a)i(w)m(orking)f(directory)g (whic)m(h)f(is)h(no)150 3494 y(longer)c(in)f(use,)h(but)g Fs(cvs)f Ft(is)h(not)g(able)g(to)i(enforce)e(this)g(b)s(eha)m(vior.)150 3730 y Fl(10.6.1)63 b(T)-10 b(elling)42 b(CVS)e(to)h(w)m(atc)m(h)e (certain)h(\014les)275 3929 y Ft(T)-8 b(o)30 b(enable)g(the)h(w)m(atc)m (h)g(features,)g(y)m(ou)g(\014rst)f(sp)s(ecify)f(that)i(certain)f (\014les)f(are)i(to)g(b)s(e)f(w)m(atc)m(hed.)3465 4182 y(Command)-3725 b Fh(cvs)39 b(w)m(atc)m(h)d(on)46 b Fg([)p Fo(-lR)p Fg(])30 b Fm(\014les)35 b(.)22 b(.)g(.)390 4291 y Ft(Sp)s(ecify)39 b(that)j(dev)m(elop)s(ers)e(should)f(run)g Fo(cvs)30 b(edit)40 b Ft(b)s(efore)g(editing)g Fm(\014les)p Ft(.)71 b(CVS)40 b(will)e(create)390 4401 y(w)m(orking)27 b(copies)g(of)g Fm(\014les)j Ft(read-only)-8 b(,)28 b(to)g(remind)e (dev)m(elop)s(ers)g(to)i(run)e(the)i Fo(cvs)h(edit)d Ft(command)390 4511 y(b)s(efore)k(w)m(orking)g(on)g(them.)390 4651 y(If)f Fm(\014les)j Ft(includes)27 b(the)j(name)f(of)h(a)f (directory)-8 b(,)30 b(CVS)f(arranges)g(to)i(w)m(atc)m(h)f(all)f (\014les)f(added)h(to)h(the)390 4761 y(corresp)s(onding)36 b(rep)s(ository)g(directory)-8 b(,)39 b(and)e(sets)h(a)g(default)f(for) g(\014les)g(added)g(in)f(the)i(future;)390 4870 y(this)28 b(allo)m(ws)h(the)g(user)g(to)h(set)g(noti\014cation)e(p)s(olicies)f (on)i(a)h(p)s(er-directory)e(basis.)39 b(The)29 b(con)m(ten)m(ts)390 4980 y(of)24 b(the)h(directory)f(are)g(pro)s(cessed)g(recursiv)m(ely)-8 b(,)25 b(unless)d(the)j Fo(-l)e Ft(option)h(is)f(giv)m(en.)39 b(The)24 b Fo(-R)f Ft(option)390 5090 y(can)34 b(b)s(e)f(used)g(to)h (force)g(recursion)e(if)h(the)g Fo(-l)g Ft(option)g(is)g(set)h(in)e(`)p Fo(~/.cvsrc)p Ft(')g(\(see)j(Section)e(A.3)390 5199 y([)p Fo(~)p Ft(/.cvsrc],)f(page)f(86\).)390 5340 y(If)f 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Ft(command)i(\(describ)s(ed)e(b)s(elo)m(w\))i(or)870 2462 y(the)35 b Fo(cvs)29 b(release)k Ft(command)i(to)g(a)g(\014le,)g (or)g(has)g(deleted)f(the)h(\014le)f(and)g(allo)m(w)m(ed)870 2571 y Fo(cvs)29 b(update)g Ft(to)i(recreate)h(it.)390 2735 y Fo(commit)192 b Ft(Another)30 b(user)g(has)g(committed)h(c)m (hanges)g(to)g(a)g(\014le.)390 2899 y Fo(all)336 b Ft(All)29 b(of)i(the)f(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e.)390 3063 y Fo(none)288 b Ft(None)31 b(of)f(the)h(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e.)42 b(\(This)29 b(is)g(useful)g(with)g Fo(cvs)g(edit)p Ft(,)h(describ)s(ed)e(b)s(elo)m (w.\))390 3229 y(The)41 b Fo(-a)g Ft(option)g(ma)m(y)h(app)s(ear)f (more)h(than)f(once,)k(or)d(not)g(at)g(all.)73 b(If)41 b(omitted,)k(the)d(action)390 3339 y(defaults)29 b(to)j Fo(all)p Ft(.)390 3478 y(The)e Fm(\014les)j Ft(and)d(options)f(are)i (pro)s(cessed)f(as)h(for)f(the)g Fo(cvs)g(watch)f Ft(commands.)3465 3834 y(Command)-3725 b Fh(cvs)39 b(w)m(atc)m(h)d(remo)m(v)m(e)46 b Fg([)p Fo(-a)30 b Fm(action)p Fg(])h([)p Fo(-lR)p Fg(])f Fm(\014les)35 b(.)23 b(.)f(.)390 3943 y Ft(Remo)m(v)m(e)i(a)f (noti\014cation)f(request)h(established)d(using)h Fo(cvs)30 b(watch)f(add)p Ft(;)24 b(the)f(argumen)m(ts)g(are)g(the)390 4053 y(same.)41 b(If)29 b(the)h Fo(-a)f Ft(option)g(is)g(presen)m(t,)h (only)e(w)m(atc)m(hes)k(for)d(the)h(sp)s(eci\014ed)e(actions)i(are)g (remo)m(v)m(ed.)275 4301 y(When)39 b(the)i(conditions)d(exist)i(for)g (noti\014cation,)i Fs(cvs)d Ft(calls)g(the)h(`)p Fo(notify)p Ft(')f(administrativ)m(e)g(\014le.)150 4410 y(Edit)f(`)p Fo(notify)p Ft(')g(as)i(one)g(edits)e(the)i(other)f(administrativ)m(e)f (\014les)g(\(see)j(Section)e(2.4)h([In)m(tro)g(adminis-)150 4520 y(trativ)m(e)35 b(\014les],)f(page)h(16\).)54 b(This)32 b(\014le)h(follo)m(ws)g(the)i(usual)d(con)m(v)m(en)m(tions)j(for)f (administrativ)m(e)f(\014les)g(\(see)150 4629 y(Section)41 b(C.3.1)i([syn)m(tax],)j(page)c(131\),)k(where)41 b(eac)m(h)i(line)d (is)h(a)h(regular)e(expression)h(follo)m(w)m(ed)g(b)m(y)h(a)150 4739 y(command)33 b(to)h(execute.)50 b(The)33 b(command)f(should)g(con) m(tain)h(a)g(single)f(o)s(ccurrence)i(of)f(`)p Fo(\045s)p Ft(')g(whic)m(h)f(will)150 4849 y(b)s(e)c(replaced)g(b)m(y)g(the)h (user)f(to)h(notify;)g(the)g(rest)g(of)f(the)h(information)e(regarding) h(the)h(noti\014cation)f(will)150 4958 y(b)s(e)j(supplied)d(to)33 b(the)e(command)h(on)f(standard)g(input.)43 b(The)31 b(standard)g(thing)f(to)j(put)e(in)f(the)i Fo(notify)150 5068 y Ft(\014le)d(is)h(the)g(single)f(line:)390 5201 y Fo(ALL)47 b(mail)g(\045s)g(-s)g("CVS)g(notification")275 5340 y Ft(This)28 b(causes)j(users)e(to)j(b)s(e)d(noti\014ed)h(b)m(y)g (electronic)g(mail.)p eop %%Page: 68 70 68 69 bop 150 -116 a Ft(68)2111 b(CVS|Concurren)m(t)29 b(V)-8 b(ersions)30 b(System)275 299 y(Note)e(that)g(if)e(y)m(ou)i(set) f(this)g(up)f(in)g(the)h(straigh)m(tforw)m(ard)g(w)m(a)m(y)-8 b(,)30 b(users)c(receiv)m(e)i(noti\014cations)f(on)g(the)150 408 y(serv)m(er)38 b(mac)m(hine.)63 b(One)38 b(could)f(of)h(course)g (write)f(a)h(`)p Fo(notify)p Ft(')f(script)g(whic)m(h)f(directed)i (noti\014cations)150 518 y(elsewhere,)27 b(but)f(to)i(mak)m(e)g(this)e (easy)-8 b(,)29 b Fs(cvs)d Ft(allo)m(ws)g(y)m(ou)h(to)h(asso)s(ciate)f (a)h(noti\014cation)e(address)g(for)h(eac)m(h)150 628 y(user.)63 b(T)-8 b(o)38 b(do)g(so)g(create)h(a)g(\014le)e(`)p Fo(users)p Ft(')g(in)f(`)p Fo(CVSROOT)p Ft(')h(with)f(a)j(line)d(for)i (eac)m(h)h(user)e(in)f(the)j(format)150 737 y Fm(user)7 b Ft(:)p Fm(v)-5 b(alue)p Ft(.)55 b(Then)35 b(instead)g(of)h(passing)f (the)g(name)h(of)g(the)g(user)f(to)i(b)s(e)e(noti\014ed)f(to)j(`)p Fo(notify)p Ft(',)f Fs(cvs)150 847 y Ft(will)28 b(pass)i(the)g Fm(v)-5 b(alue)35 b Ft(\(normally)29 b(an)h(email)g(address)f(on)i (some)f(other)h(mac)m(hine\).)275 989 y Fs(cvs)j Ft(do)s(es)i(not)g (notify)f(y)m(ou)h(for)f(y)m(our)h(o)m(wn)g(c)m(hanges.)57 b(Curren)m(tly)34 b(this)h(c)m(hec)m(k)i(is)e(done)h(based)f(on)150 1098 y(whether)30 b(the)i(user)e(name)h(of)g(the)g(p)s(erson)f(taking)h (the)g(action)h(whic)m(h)d(triggers)i(noti\014cation)g(matc)m(hes)150 1208 y(the)j(user)g(name)g(of)h(the)f(p)s(erson)f(getting)i (noti\014cation.)52 b(In)34 b(fact,)i(in)d(general,)i(the)g(w)m(atc)m (hes)h(features)150 1318 y(only)29 b(trac)m(k)h(one)g(edit)f(b)m(y)g (eac)m(h)i(user.)40 b(It)29 b(probably)f(w)m(ould)g(b)s(e)h(more)h (useful)d(if)i(w)m(atc)m(hes)i(trac)m(k)m(ed)g(eac)m(h)150 1427 y(w)m(orking)f(directory)g(separately)-8 b(,)31 b(so)f(this)g(b)s(eha)m(vior)f(migh)m(t)h(b)s(e)g(w)m(orth)g(c)m (hanging.)150 1667 y Fl(10.6.3)63 b(Ho)m(w)40 b(to)h(edit)g(a)g(\014le) g(whic)m(h)f(is)i(b)s(eing)g(w)m(atc)m(hed)275 1867 y Ft(Since)31 b(a)i(\014le)e(whic)m(h)h(is)f(b)s(eing)g(w)m(atc)m(hed)j (is)d(c)m(hec)m(k)m(ed)k(out)d(read-only)-8 b(,)33 b(y)m(ou)g(cannot)g (simply)d(edit)i(it.)150 1976 y(T)-8 b(o)28 b(mak)m(e)h(it)e (read-write,)g(and)g(inform)f(others)i(that)g(y)m(ou)g(are)g(planning)d (to)j(edit)f(it,)h(use)f(the)h Fo(cvs)h(edit)150 2086 y Ft(command.)40 b(Some)31 b(systems)f(call)f(this)g(a)h Fm(c)m(hec)m(k)m(out)p Ft(,)j(but)d Fs(cvs)f Ft(uses)g(that)i(term)f (for)g(obtaining)f(a)h(cop)m(y)150 2196 y(of)38 b(the)h(sources)f (\(see)h(Section)f(1.3.1)i([Getting)f(the)g(source],)i(page)e(4\),)i (an)d(op)s(eration)f(whic)m(h)g(those)150 2305 y(systems)30 b(call)g(a)h Fm(get)i Ft(or)e(a)f Fm(fetc)m(h)p Ft(.)3465 2562 y(Command)-3725 b Fh(cvs)39 b(edit)44 b Fg([)p Fm(options)p Fg(])30 b Fm(\014les)35 b(.)22 b(.)h(.)390 2672 y Ft(Prepare)35 b(to)h(edit)f(the)h(w)m(orking)e(\014les)h Fm(\014les)p Ft(.)54 b(CVS)35 b(mak)m(es)h(the)g Fm(\014les)i Ft(read-write,)e(and)f (noti\014es)390 2781 y(users)30 b(who)f(ha)m(v)m(e)j(requested)e Fo(edit)g Ft(noti\014cation)f(for)i(an)m(y)f(of)h Fm(\014les)p Ft(.)390 2923 y(The)j Fo(cvs)c(edit)k Ft(command)g(accepts)j(the)e (same)g Fm(options)j Ft(as)d(the)g Fo(cvs)30 b(watch)f(add)34 b Ft(command,)390 3033 y(and)e(establishes)g(a)h(temp)s(orary)g(w)m (atc)m(h)h(for)e(the)i(user)e(on)h Fm(\014les)t Ft(;)g(CVS)f(will)e (remo)m(v)m(e)35 b(the)e(w)m(atc)m(h)390 3142 y(when)f Fm(\014les)k Ft(are)d Fo(unedit)p Ft(ed)e(or)i Fo(commit)p Ft(ted.)47 b(If)32 b(the)h(user)f(do)s(es)h(not)g(wish)e(to)j(receiv)m (e)g(noti\014ca-)390 3252 y(tions,)c(she)g(should)e(sp)s(ecify)h Fo(-a)h(none)p Ft(.)390 3394 y(The)g Fm(\014les)j Ft(and)d(options)f (are)i(pro)s(cessed)f(as)h(for)f(the)g Fo(cvs)g(watch)f Ft(commands.)275 3594 y(Normally)h(when)h(y)m(ou)i(are)f(done)g(with)f (a)h(set)h(of)f(c)m(hanges,)i(y)m(ou)e(use)g(the)g Fo(cvs)e(commit)g Ft(command,)150 3703 y(whic)m(h)i(c)m(hec)m(ks)j(in)d(y)m(our)h(c)m (hanges)h(and)f(returns)f(the)h(w)m(atc)m(hed)h(\014les)f(to)h(their)e (usual)g(read-only)g(state.)150 3813 y(But)i(if)f(y)m(ou)i(instead)e (decide)h(to)g(abandon)g(y)m(our)g(c)m(hanges,)i(or)e(not)h(to)f(mak)m (e)h(an)m(y)g(c)m(hanges,)h(y)m(ou)f(can)150 3922 y(use)30 b(the)h Fo(cvs)e(unedit)g Ft(command.)3465 4179 y(Command)-3725 b Fh(cvs)39 b(unedit)k Fg([)p Fo(-lR)p Fg(])30 b Fm(\014les)35 b(.)23 b(.)f(.)390 4289 y Ft(Abandon)33 b(w)m(ork)h(on)f(the)h(w)m (orking)f(\014les)g Fm(\014les)p Ft(,)h(and)f(rev)m(ert)i(them)e(to)i (the)f(rep)s(ository)f(v)m(ersions)390 4398 y(on)44 b(whic)m(h)f(they)i (are)f(based.)82 b(CVS)44 b(mak)m(es)h(those)g Fm(\014les)i Ft(read-only)c(for)h(whic)m(h)f(users)h(ha)m(v)m(e)390 4508 y(requested)39 b(noti\014cation)g(using)e Fo(cvs)30 b(watch)f(on)p Ft(.)66 b(CVS)38 b(noti\014es)h(users)f(who)h(ha)m(v)m (e)h(requested)390 4617 y Fo(unedit)29 b Ft(noti\014cation)g(for)i(an)m (y)f(of)h Fm(\014les)p Ft(.)390 4760 y(The)f Fm(\014les)j Ft(and)d(options)f(are)i(pro)s(cessed)f(as)h(for)f(the)g Fo(cvs)g(watch)f Ft(commands.)390 4902 y(If)e(w)m(atc)m(hes)i(are)f (not)g(in)e(use,)i(the)f Fo(unedit)f Ft(command)h(probably)f(do)s(es)h (not)h(w)m(ork,)g(and)f(the)h(w)m(a)m(y)390 5011 y(to)34 b(rev)m(ert)h(to)f(the)g(rep)s(ository)f(v)m(ersion)g(is)g(to)i(remo)m (v)m(e)g(the)f(\014le)f(and)g(then)g(use)h Fo(cvs)29 b(update)j Ft(to)390 5121 y(get)f(a)g(new)e(cop)m(y)-8 b(.)42 b(The)30 b(meaning)f(is)g(not)i(precisely)e(the)h(same;)h(remo)m (ving)f(and)f(up)s(dating)f(ma)m(y)390 5230 y(also)d(bring)f(in)f(some) j(c)m(hanges)g(whic)m(h)e(ha)m(v)m(e)i(b)s(een)f(made)g(in)f(the)h(rep) s(ository)f(since)h(the)g(last)g(time)390 5340 y(y)m(ou)31 b(up)s(dated.)p eop %%Page: 69 71 69 70 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Chapter)30 b(10:)41 b(Multiple)29 b(dev)m(elop)s(ers)2219 b(69)275 299 y(When)39 b(using)g(clien)m (t/serv)m(er)h Fs(cvs)p Ft(,)i(y)m(ou)e(can)h(use)e(the)i Fo(cvs)29 b(edit)39 b Ft(and)g Fo(cvs)30 b(unedit)38 b Ft(commands)150 408 y(ev)m(en)31 b(if)f Fs(cvs)g Ft(is)f(unable)g(to) j(successfully)c(comm)m(unicate)k(with)d(the)i(serv)m(er;)g(the)g (noti\014cations)f(will)e(b)s(e)150 518 y(sen)m(t)j(up)s(on)e(the)h (next)h(successful)e Fs(cvs)g Ft(command.)150 732 y Fl(10.6.4)63 b(Information)40 b(ab)s(out)i(who)f(is)g(w)m(atc)m(hing)e(and)i (editing)3465 1008 y Ft(Command)-3725 b Fh(cvs)39 b(w)m(atc)m(hers)k Fg([)p Fo(-lR)p Fg(])31 b Fm(\014les)k(.)22 b(.)g(.)390 1118 y Ft(List)29 b(the)g(users)g(curren)m(tly)f(w)m(atc)m(hing)i(c)m (hanges)g(to)g Fm(\014les)p Ft(.)40 b(The)29 b(rep)s(ort)f(includes)f (the)j(\014les)e(b)s(eing)390 1227 y(w)m(atc)m(hed,)k(and)e(the)g(mail) f(address)h(of)g(eac)m(h)i(w)m(atc)m(her.)390 1359 y(The)e Fm(\014les)j Ft(and)d(options)f(are)i(pro)s(cessed)f(as)h(for)f(the)g Fo(cvs)g(watch)f Ft(commands.)3465 1663 y(Command)-3725 b Fh(cvs)39 b(editors)44 b Fg([)p Fo(-lR)p Fg(])31 b Fm(\014les)k(.)22 b(.)g(.)390 1773 y Ft(List)j(the)h(users)g(curren)m (tly)f(w)m(orking)g(on)h Fm(\014les)p Ft(.)38 b(The)26 b(rep)s(ort)f(includes)f(the)i(mail)e(address)i(of)g(eac)m(h)390 1882 y(user,)34 b(the)g(time)f(when)g(the)h(user)f(b)s(egan)g(w)m (orking)g(with)g(the)h(\014le,)f(and)h(the)f(host)h(and)f(path)h(of)390 1992 y(the)d(w)m(orking)e(directory)h(con)m(taining)g(the)h(\014le.)390 2123 y(The)f Fm(\014les)j Ft(and)d(options)f(are)i(pro)s(cessed)f(as)h (for)f(the)g Fo(cvs)g(watch)f Ft(commands.)150 2337 y Fl(10.6.5)63 b(Using)42 b(w)m(atc)m(hes)e(with)g(old)i(v)m(ersions)f (of)g(CVS)275 2527 y Ft(If)24 b(y)m(ou)i(use)f(the)g(w)m(atc)m(h)h (features)g(on)f(a)h(rep)s(ository)-8 b(,)25 b(it)g(creates)i(`)p Fo(CVS)p Ft(')e(directories)f(in)g(the)h(rep)s(ository)150 2636 y(and)31 b(stores)h(the)g(information)e(ab)s(out)h(w)m(atc)m(hes)i (in)e(that)h(directory)-8 b(.)45 b(If)31 b(y)m(ou)h(attempt)g(to)h(use) e Fs(cvs)g Ft(1.6)150 2746 y(or)36 b(earlier)f(with)g(the)i(rep)s (ository)-8 b(,)37 b(y)m(ou)g(get)g(an)f(error)g(message)h(suc)m(h)f (as)h(the)f(follo)m(wing)f(\(all)g(on)i(one)150 2856 y(line\):)390 2981 y Fo(cvs)47 b(update:)f(cannot)g(open)g(CVS/Entries) f(for)i(reading:)390 3085 y(No)g(such)g(file)f(or)i(directory)275 3216 y Ft(and)28 b(y)m(our)h(op)s(eration)g(will)e(lik)m(ely)g(b)s(e)i (ab)s(orted.)40 b(T)-8 b(o)30 b(use)f(the)g(w)m(atc)m(h)i(features,)f (y)m(ou)f(m)m(ust)h(upgrade)150 3326 y(all)f(copies)h(of)g Fs(cvs)f 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4697 y([W)-8 b(atc)m(hes],)33 b(page)e(66\).)150 4854 y Fo(-s)f Fm(v)-5 b(ariable)5 b Fo(=)p Fm(v)-5 b(alue)630 4964 y Ft(Set)31 b(a)f(user)g(v)-5 b(ariable)29 b(\(see)i(Section)g (C.12)g([V)-8 b(ariables],)30 b(page)h(138\).)150 5121 y Fo(-t)384 b Ft(T)-8 b(race)36 b(program)e(execution;)j(displa)m(y)c (messages)j(sho)m(wing)e(the)h(steps)f(of)h Fs(cvs)f Ft(activit)m(y)-8 b(.)630 5230 y(P)m(articularly)35 b(useful)g(with)g (`)p Fo(-n)p Ft(')h(to)h(explore)f(the)h(p)s(oten)m(tial)f(impact)g(of) h(an)f(unfamiliar)630 5340 y(command.)p eop %%Page: 88 90 88 89 bop 150 -116 a Ft(88)2111 b(CVS|Concurren)m(t)29 b(V)-8 b(ersions)30 b(System)150 299 y Fo(-v)150 459 y(--version)630 568 y Ft(Displa)m(y)g(v)m(ersion)f(and)h(cop)m(yrigh)m (t)h(information)e(for)h Fs(cvs)p Ft(.)150 728 y Fo(-w)384 b Ft(Mak)m(e)35 b(new)d(w)m(orking)g(\014les)g(read-write.)48 b(Ov)m(errides)32 b(the)h(setting)g(of)g(the)g Fo($CVSREAD)e Ft(en-)630 837 y(vironmen)m(t)d(v)-5 b(ariable.)39 b(Files)29 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3905 y(mak)m(e)k(y)m(our)e(o)m(wn)h(cop)m(y)g(of)g(a)g (\014le:)47 b Fs(cvs)32 b Ft(remem)m(b)s(ers)h(the)h(tag)h(and)e(con)m (tin)m(ues)h(to)g(use)f(it)630 4015 y(on)c(future)f(up)s(date)g (commands,)h(un)m(til)e(y)m(ou)j(sp)s(ecify)d(otherwise)h(\(for)i(more) f(information)630 4125 y(on)h(stic)m(ky)h(tags/dates,)i(see)e(Section)f (4.9)h([Stic)m(ky)g(tags],)h(page)f(38\).)630 4264 y(The)36 b(tag)h(can)f(b)s(e)g(either)f(a)i(sym)m(b)s(olic)e(or)h(n)m(umeric)f (tag,)k(as)d(describ)s(ed)e(in)h(Section)h(4.4)630 4374 y([T)-8 b(ags],)30 b(page)g(34,)g(or)e(the)h(name)f(of)h(a)g(branc)m (h,)f(as)h(describ)s(ed)d(in)h(Chapter)h(5)h([Branc)m(hing)630 4483 y(and)h(merging],)g(page)h(41.)630 4623 y(Sp)s(ecifying)f(the)j(`) p Fo(-q)p Ft(')g(global)f(option)h(along)f(with)g(the)h(`)p Fo(-r)p Ft(')g(command)f(option)h(is)f(often)630 4732 y(useful,)25 b(to)h(suppress)e(the)h(w)m(arning)g(messages)h(when)e (the)i Fs(r)n(cs)f Ft(\014le)f(do)s(es)h(not)h(con)m(tain)g(the)630 4842 y(sp)s(eci\014ed)j(tag.)630 4981 y Fg(W)-8 b(arning:)57 b Ft(this)37 b(is)g(not)i(the)g(same)f(as)h(the)f(o)m(v)m(erall)h(`)p Fo(cvs)30 b(-r)p Ft(')38 b(option,)i(whic)m(h)d(y)m(ou)i(can)630 5091 y(sp)s(ecify)29 b(to)i(the)g(left)f(of)g(a)h Fs(cvs)e Ft(command!)630 5230 y(`)p Fo(-r)p Ft(')39 b(is)e(a)m(v)-5 b(ailable)38 b(with)g(the)h Fo(checkout)p Ft(,)g Fo(commit)p Ft(,)g Fo(diff)p Ft(,)h Fo(history)p Ft(,)f Fo(export)p Ft(,)g Fo(rdiff)p Ft(,)630 5340 y Fo(rtag)p Ft(,)29 b(and)h Fo(update)f Ft(commands.)p eop %%Page: 91 93 91 92 bop 150 -116 a Ft(App)s(endix)28 b(A:)i(Guide)g(to)h(CVS)e (commands)1955 b(91)150 299 y Fo(-W)384 b Ft(Sp)s(ecify)30 b(\014le)i(names)g(that)g(should)e(b)s(e)i(\014ltered.)45 b(Y)-8 b(ou)32 b(can)h(use)e(this)g(option)h(rep)s(eatedly)-8 b(.)630 408 y(The)33 b(sp)s(ec)g(can)h(b)s(e)f(a)h(\014le)e(name)i (pattern)f(of)h(the)g(same)g(t)m(yp)s(e)f(that)h(y)m(ou)g(can)g(sp)s (ecify)e(in)630 518 y(the)f(`)p Fo(.cvswrappers)p Ft(')d(\014le.)42 b(Av)-5 b(ailable)30 b(with)f(the)j(follo)m(wing)d(commands:)42 b Fo(import)p Ft(,)30 b(and)630 628 y Fo(update)p Ft(.)150 915 y Fp(A.6)67 b(admin|Administration)225 1119 y Fr(\017)60 b Ft(Requires:)40 b(rep)s(ository)-8 b(,)30 b(w)m(orking)f(directory)-8 b(.)225 1260 y Fr(\017)60 b Ft(Changes:)40 b(rep)s(ository)-8 b(.)225 1400 y Fr(\017)60 b Ft(Synon)m(ym:)40 b(rcs)275 1577 y(This)29 b(is)i(the)g Fs(cvs)g Ft(in)m(terface)h(to)g(assorted)g (administrativ)m(e)e(facilities.)43 b(Some)31 b(of)h(them)f(ha)m(v)m(e) i(ques-)150 1687 y(tionable)43 b(usefulness)e(for)i Fs(cvs)g Ft(but)g(exist)g(for)g(historical)f(purp)s(oses.)78 b(Some)44 b(of)f(the)h(questionable)150 1797 y(options)f(are)g(lik)m(ely)f(to)i (disapp)s(ear)d(in)h(the)i(future.)78 b(This)42 b(command)h Fn(do)-5 b(es)52 b Ft(w)m(ork)43 b(recursiv)m(ely)-8 b(,)46 b(so)150 1906 y(extreme)31 b(care)g(should)e(b)s(e)h(used.)275 2053 y(On)f(unix,)g(if)h(there)h(is)e(a)i(group)f(named)h Fo(cvsadmin)p Ft(,)d(only)i(mem)m(b)s(ers)g(of)h(that)g(group)f(can)h (run)e Fo(cvs)150 2162 y(admin)f Ft(\(except)i(for)f(the)h Fo(cvs)f(admin)g(-k)g Ft(command,)g(whic)m(h)f(can)i(b)s(e)f(run)e(b)m (y)i(an)m(yb)s(o)s(dy\).)40 b(This)27 b(group)150 2272 y(should)33 b(exist)j(on)f(the)h(serv)m(er,)h(or)e(an)m(y)h(system)g (running)d(the)i(non-clien)m(t/serv)m(er)h Fs(cvs)p Ft(.)55 b(T)-8 b(o)36 b(disallo)m(w)150 2381 y Fo(cvs)29 b(admin)k Ft(for)g(all)f(users,)i(create)h(a)f(group)f(with)f(no)i(users)e(in)h (it.)49 b(On)33 b(NT,)h(the)f Fo(cvsadmin)e Ft(feature)150 2491 y(do)s(es)f(not)h(exist)f(and)g(all)f(users)g(can)i(run)e Fo(cvs)g(admin)p Ft(.)150 2739 y Fl(A.6.1)62 b(admin)40 b(options)275 2943 y Ft(Some)31 b(of)h(these)h(options)e(ha)m(v)m(e)i (questionable)e(usefulness)e(for)j Fs(cvs)f Ft(but)g(exist)g(for)h (historical)e(pur-)150 3053 y(p)s(oses.)40 b(Some)31 b(ev)m(en)g(mak)m(e)g(it)f(imp)s(ossible)d(to)k(use)f Fs(cvs)g Ft(un)m(til)e(y)m(ou)j(undo)e(the)i(e\013ect!)150 3230 y Fo(-A)p Fm(old\014le)145 b Ft(Migh)m(t)41 b(not)f(w)m(ork)h (together)h(with)d Fs(cvs)p Ft(.)70 b(App)s(end)39 b(the)h(access)i (list)d(of)i Fm(old\014le)j Ft(to)d(the)630 3340 y(access)32 b(list)d(of)h(the)h Fs(r)n(cs)e Ft(\014le.)150 3511 y Fo(-a)p Fm(logins)155 b Ft(Migh)m(t)33 b(not)g(w)m(ork)f(together)i (with)e Fs(cvs)p Ft(.)46 b(App)s(end)31 b(the)h(login)g(names)g(app)s (earing)f(in)h(the)630 3621 y(comma-separated)g(list)d Fm(logins)k Ft(to)e(the)g(access)g(list)e(of)i(the)f Fs(r)n(cs)g Ft(\014le.)150 3792 y Fo(-b[)p Fm(rev)8 b Fo(])156 b Ft(Set)30 b(the)f(default)g(branc)m(h)g(to)h Fm(rev)p Ft(.)40 b(In)29 b Fs(cvs)p Ft(,)g(y)m(ou)g(normally)f(do)h (not)h(manipulate)e(default)630 3901 y(branc)m(hes;)36 b(stic)m(ky)f(tags)g(\(see)g(Section)f(4.9)i([Stic)m(ky)e(tags],)j (page)e(38\))g(are)g(a)g(b)s(etter)f(w)m(a)m(y)630 4011 y(to)g(decide)f(whic)m(h)g(branc)m(h)g(y)m(ou)h(w)m(an)m(t)g(to)h(w)m (ork)e(on.)51 b(There)33 b(is)g(one)g(reason)h(to)h(run)d Fo(cvs)630 4121 y(admin)d(-b)p Ft(:)53 b(to)37 b(rev)m(ert)h(to)g(the)f (v)m(endor's)f(v)m(ersion)h(when)f(using)f(v)m(endor)i(branc)m(hes)f (\(see)630 4230 y(Section)23 b(13.3)i([Rev)m(erting)f(lo)s(cal)e(c)m (hanges],)k(page)e(78\).)40 b(There)22 b(can)i(b)s(e)e(no)i(space)f(b)s (et)m(w)m(een)630 4340 y(`)p Fo(-b)p Ft(')30 b(and)g(its)g(argumen)m (t.)150 4511 y Fo(-c)p Fm(string)155 b Ft(Sets)29 b(the)h(commen)m(t)g (leader)f(to)i Fm(string)p Ft(.)39 b(The)29 b(commen)m(t)h(leader)f(is) g(not)g(used)g(b)m(y)g(curren)m(t)630 4621 y(v)m(ersions)j(of)h Fs(cvs)e Ft(or)i Fs(r)n(cs)f Ft(5.7.)48 b(Therefore,)33 b(y)m(ou)g(can)g(almost)g(surely)e(not)i(w)m(orry)f(ab)s(out)630 4730 y(it.)40 b(See)31 b(Chapter)f(12)h([Keyw)m(ord)f(substitution],)f (page)i(73.)150 4902 y Fo(-e[)p Fm(logins)t Fo(])630 5011 y Ft(Migh)m(t)40 b(not)f(w)m(ork)g(together)i(with)d Fs(cvs)p Ft(.)67 b(Erase)39 b(the)h(login)e(names)h(app)s(earing)f(in)g (the)630 5121 y(comma-separated)i(list)e Fm(logins)j Ft(from)d(the)h(access)h(list)d(of)i(the)g(R)m(CS)f(\014le.)65 b(If)38 b Fm(logins)j Ft(is)630 5230 y(omitted,)36 b(erase)f(the)g(en)m (tire)f(access)i(list.)52 b(There)34 b(can)h(b)s(e)f(no)h(space)g(b)s (et)m(w)m(een)g(`)p Fo(-e)p Ft(')g(and)630 5340 y(its)30 b(argumen)m(t.)p eop %%Page: 92 94 92 93 bop 150 -116 a Ft(92)2111 b(CVS|Concurren)m(t)29 b(V)-8 b(ersions)30 b(System)150 299 y Fo(-I)384 b Ft(Run)38 b(in)m(teractiv)m(ely)-8 b(,)42 b(ev)m(en)e(if)f(the)g(standard)f (input)g(is)g(not)h(a)h(terminal.)66 b(This)37 b(option)630 408 y(do)s(es)31 b(not)g(w)m(ork)g(with)f(the)h(clien)m(t/serv)m(er)g Fs(cvs)f Ft(and)h(is)f(lik)m(ely)f(to)j(disapp)s(ear)d(in)g(a)j(future) 630 518 y(release)f(of)f Fs(cvs)p Ft(.)150 689 y Fo(-i)384 b Ft(Useless)24 b(with)f Fs(cvs)p Ft(.)38 b(This)23 b(creates)i(and)f (initializes)e(a)i(new)g Fs(r)n(cs)g Ft(\014le,)h(without)e(dep)s (ositing)630 798 y(a)40 b(revision.)66 b(With)39 b Fs(cvs)p Ft(,)i(add)e(\014les)g(with)f(the)i Fo(cvs)29 b(add)39 b Ft(command)g(\(see)i(Section)e(7.1)630 908 y([Adding)29 b(\014les],)h(page)h(51\).)150 1078 y Fo(-k)p Fm(subst)175 b Ft(Set)34 b(the)f(default)g(k)m(eyw)m(ord)g(substitution)e(to)j Fm(subst)p Ft(.)49 b(See)34 b(Chapter)e(12)j([Keyw)m(ord)e(sub-)630 1188 y(stitution],)e(page)i(73.)46 b(Giving)30 b(an)i(explicit)e(`)p Fo(-k)p Ft(')i(option)f(to)i Fo(cvs)c(update)p Ft(,)i Fo(cvs)e(export)p Ft(,)630 1297 y(or)h Fo(cvs)g(checkout)e Ft(o)m(v)m(errides)i(this)g(default.)150 1468 y Fo(-l[)p Fm(rev)8 b Fo(])156 b Ft(Lo)s(c)m(k)28 b(the)f(revision)e(with)h(n)m (um)m(b)s(er)g Fm(rev)p Ft(.)39 b(If)27 b(a)g(branc)m(h)g(is)f(giv)m (en,)i(lo)s(c)m(k)f(the)g(latest)h(revision)630 1577 y(on)e(that)g(branc)m(h.)38 b(If)26 b Fm(rev)33 b Ft(is)25 b(omitted,)h(lo)s(c)m(k)g(the)g(latest)g(revision)e(on)i(the)f(default) g(branc)m(h.)630 1687 y(There)30 b(can)h(b)s(e)e(no)i(space)f(b)s(et)m (w)m(een)h(`)p Fo(-l)p Ft(')g(and)f(its)f(argumen)m(t.)630 1827 y(This)f(can)i(b)s(e)f(used)g(in)g(conjunction)g(with)f(the)j(`)p Fo(rcslock.pl)p Ft(')c(script)i(in)f(the)i(`)p Fo(contrib)p Ft(')630 1937 y(directory)35 b(of)h(the)f Fs(cvs)g Ft(source)g (distribution)d(to)k(pro)m(vide)f(reserv)m(ed)g(c)m(hec)m(k)m(outs)j (\(where)630 2046 y(only)31 b(one)h(user)f(can)h(b)s(e)f(editing)g(a)h (giv)m(en)g(\014le)f(at)h(a)g(time\).)45 b(See)32 b(the)g(commen)m(ts)h (in)d(that)630 2156 y(\014le)f(for)g(details)g(\(and)h(see)g(the)g(`)p Fo(README)p Ft(')e(\014le)h(in)g(that)h(directory)f(for)h(disclaimers)d (ab)s(out)630 2265 y(the)d(unsupp)s(orted)e(nature)h(of)i(con)m (trib\).)38 b(According)24 b(to)h(commen)m(ts)g(in)d(that)j(\014le,)g (lo)s(c)m(king)630 2375 y(m)m(ust)30 b(set)h(to)g(strict)f(\(whic)m(h)g (is)f(the)i(default\).)150 2545 y Fo(-L)384 b Ft(Set)30 b(lo)s(c)m(king)g(to)h(strict.)40 b(Strict)30 b(lo)s(c)m(king)f(means)h (that)h(the)g(o)m(wner)f(of)g(an)g(R)m(CS)g(\014le)f(is)h(not)630 2655 y(exempt)h(from)g(lo)s(c)m(king)f(for)h(c)m(hec)m(kin.)43 b(F)-8 b(or)32 b(use)f(with)e Fs(cvs)p Ft(,)i(strict)g(lo)s(c)m(king)f (m)m(ust)h(b)s(e)f(set;)630 2765 y(see)h(the)g(discussion)c(under)i (the)i(`)p Fo(-l)p Ft(')f(option)g(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e.)150 2935 y Fo(-m)p Fm(rev)8 b Fo(:)p Fm(msg)630 3045 y Ft(Replace)31 b(the)f(log)h(message)g(of)g(revision)d Fm(rev)38 b Ft(with)29 b Fm(msg)p Ft(.)150 3215 y Fo(-N)p Fm(name)5 b Fo([:[)p Fm(rev)j Fo(]])630 3325 y Ft(Act)36 b(lik)m(e)e(`)p Fo(-n)p Ft(',)i(except)g(o)m(v)m(erride)f(an)m(y)h(previous)d(assignmen)m(t)i (of)g Fm(name)p Ft(.)55 b(F)-8 b(or)36 b(use)e(with)630 3434 y(magic)d(branc)m(hes,)f(see)h(Section)f(5.5)i([Magic)f(branc)m(h) f(n)m(um)m(b)s(ers],)f(page)i(44.)150 3605 y Fo(-n)p Fm(name)5 b Fo([:[)p Fm(rev)j Fo(]])630 3714 y Ft(Asso)s(ciate)34 b(the)f(sym)m(b)s(olic)e(name)i Fm(name)38 b Ft(with)32 b(the)h(branc)m(h)f(or)h(revision)e Fm(rev)p Ft(.)48 b(It)33 b(is)f(nor-)630 3824 y(mally)d(b)s(etter)i(to)g(use)f(`)p Fo(cvs)g(tag)p Ft(')g(or)g(`)p Fo(cvs)g(rtag)p Ft(')f(instead.)41 b(Delete)31 b(the)g(sym)m(b)s(olic)e(name)630 3934 y(if)e(b)s(oth)g(`)p Fo(:)p Ft(')h(and)f Fm(rev)35 b Ft(are)28 b(omitted;)h(otherwise,)f (prin)m(t)f(an)g(error)h(message)h(if)d Fm(name)33 b Ft(is)27 b(al-)630 4043 y(ready)f(asso)s(ciated)g(with)f(another)h(n)m (um)m(b)s(er.)38 b(If)26 b Fm(rev)34 b Ft(is)25 b(sym)m(b)s(olic,)g(it) h(is)f(expanded)g(b)s(efore)630 4153 y(asso)s(ciation.)52 b(A)34 b Fm(rev)42 b Ft(consisting)32 b(of)j(a)f(branc)m(h)g(n)m(um)m (b)s(er)e(follo)m(w)m(ed)i(b)m(y)g(a)g(`)p Fo(.)p Ft(')h(stands)e(for) 630 4262 y(the)25 b(curren)m(t)f(latest)h(revision)d(in)i(the)g(branc)m (h.)38 b(A)25 b(`)p Fo(:)p Ft(')f(with)f(an)i(empt)m(y)g Fm(rev)32 b Ft(stands)24 b(for)g(the)630 4372 y(curren)m(t)36 b(latest)h(revision)d(on)j(the)f(default)f(branc)m(h,)j(normally)c(the) j(trunk.)57 b(F)-8 b(or)37 b(exam-)630 4482 y(ple,)24 b(`)p Fo(cvs)30 b(admin)f(-n)p Fm(name)5 b Fo(:)p Ft(')23 b(asso)s(ciates)i Fm(name)k Ft(with)22 b(the)i(curren)m(t)g(latest)g (revision)e(of)i(all)630 4591 y(the)h(R)m(CS)f(\014les;)i(this)e(con)m (trasts)i(with)d(`)p Fo(cvs)30 b(admin)f(-n)p 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b(is)g(no)g(w)m(a)m(y)h(short)g(of)f(restoring)g(the)h(latest)g(bac)m (kup)f(to)h(undo)f(this)f(command!)630 518 y(If)j(y)m(ou)g(delete)g (di\013eren)m(t)g(revisions)e(than)i(y)m(ou)h(planned,)d(either)i(due)f (to)i(carelessness)f(or)630 628 y(\(hea)m(v)m(en)i(forbid\))d(a)i(CVS)e (bug,)h(there)h(is)f(no)g(opp)s(ortunit)m(y)f(to)i(correct)h(the)e (error)g(b)s(efore)630 737 y(the)f(revisions)e(are)i(deleted.)39 b(It)29 b(probably)e(w)m(ould)g(b)s(e)h(a)h(go)s(o)s(d)g(idea)f(to)h (exp)s(erimen)m(t)f(on)h(a)630 847 y(cop)m(y)i(of)g(the)f(rep)s (ository)g(\014rst.)630 981 y(Sp)s(ecify)f Fm(range)35 b Ft(in)30 b(one)g(of)h(the)f(follo)m(wing)f(w)m(a)m(ys:)630 1139 y Fm(rev1)7 b Fo(::)p Fm(rev2)1110 1249 y Ft(Collapse)42 b(all)g(revisions)g(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)h(rev1)h(and)f(rev2,)k(so)c(that)h (CVS)f(only)1110 1358 y(stores)33 b(the)f(di\013erences)f(asso)s (ciated)i(with)e(going)h(from)f(rev1)i(to)g(rev2,)g(not)1110 1468 y(in)m(termediate)j(steps.)58 b(F)-8 b(or)38 b(example,)f(after)g (`)p 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Fo(cvs)29 b(admin)1110 3416 y(-oR_1_01:R_1_02)d(.)p Ft(')35 b(is)g(rarely)f(useful.)54 b(It)36 b(means)f(to)h(delete)g(revisions) 1110 3526 y(up)k(to,)k(and)c(including,)g(the)h(tag)h(R)p 2426 3526 28 4 v 32 w(1)p 2503 3526 V 34 w(02.)72 b(But)41 b(b)s(ew)m(are!)71 b(If)41 b(there)g(are)1110 3635 y(\014les)i(that)i (ha)m(v)m(e)h(not)e(c)m(hanged)h(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)g(R)p 2718 3635 V 33 w(1)p 2796 3635 V 33 w(02)g(and)f(R)p 3222 3635 V 33 w(1)p 3300 3635 V 33 w(03)h(the)g(\014le)1110 3745 y(will)27 b(ha)m(v)m(e)32 b Fn(the)g(same)38 b Ft(n)m(umerical)29 b(revision)f(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)h(assigned)g(to)i(the)f(tags)1110 3854 y(R)p 1182 3854 V 33 w(1)p 1260 3854 V 33 w(02)39 b(and)f(R)p 1674 3854 V 32 w(1)p 1751 3854 V 34 w(03.)65 b(So)38 b(not)h(only)e(will)f(it)i(b)s(e)g(imp)s(ossible)c(to)40 b(retriev)m(e)1110 3964 y(R)p 1182 3964 V 33 w(1)p 1260 3964 V 33 w(02;)47 b(R)p 1522 3964 V 32 w(1)p 1599 3964 V 33 w(03)42 b(will)c(also)i(ha)m(v)m(e)i(to)g(b)s(e)e(restored)g(from) 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y(If)i(y)m(ou)h(really)f(w)m(an)m(t)h(to)h(delete) f(b)s(oth)e(the)i(sym)m(b)s(olic)e(names)i(and)f(the)h(revisions,)g (\014rst)630 5230 y(delete)k(the)f(sym)m(b)s(olic)f(names)i(with)e Fo(cvs)29 b(tag)h(-d)p Ft(,)44 b(then)d(run)f Fo(cvs)29 b(admin)g(-o)p Ft(.)74 b(If)41 b(one)630 5340 y(sp)s(eci\014es)29 b(the)h(non-`)p Fo(::)p Ft(')g(syn)m(taxes,)h(then)f Fs(cvs)f Ft(will)e(delete)j(the)h(revisions)d(but)h(lea)m(v)m(e)j(the)p eop %%Page: 94 96 94 95 bop 150 -116 a Ft(94)2111 b(CVS|Concurren)m(t)29 b(V)-8 b(ersions)30 b(System)630 299 y(sym)m(b)s(olic)k(names)h(p)s (oin)m(ting)f(to)i(nonexisten)m(t)g(revisions.)54 b(This)34 b(b)s(eha)m(vior)h(is)f(preserv)m(ed)630 408 y(for)26 b(compatibilit)m(y)e(with)h(previous)g(v)m(ersions)g(of)h Fs(cvs)p Ft(,)h(but)e(b)s(ecause)h(it)g(isn't)f(v)m(ery)h(useful,)630 518 y(in)j(the)i(future)e(it)h(ma)m(y)h(c)m(hange)g(to)h(b)s(e)d(lik)m (e)h(the)h(`)p Fo(::)p Ft(')f(case.)630 657 y(Due)22 b(to)h(the)f(w)m(a)m(y)h Fs(cvs)f Ft(handles)e(branc)m(hes)i 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Fs(cvs)p Ft(.)49 b(Set)33 b(the)h(state)g(attribute)g(of)f(the)h(revision)d Fm(rev)41 b Ft(to)34 b Fm(state)p Ft(.)51 b(If)33 b Fm(rev)41 b Ft(is)630 1899 y(a)30 b(branc)m(h)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(er,)f(assume)g(the)h (latest)h(revision)d(on)i(that)h(branc)m(h.)40 b(If)29 b Fm(rev)38 b Ft(is)29 b(omitted,)630 2008 y(assume)23 b(the)h(latest)f(revision)f(on)h(the)h(default)e(branc)m(h.)38 b(An)m(y)23 b(iden)m(ti\014er)f(is)g(acceptable)i(for)630 2118 y Fm(state)p Ft(.)42 b(A)29 b(useful)f(set)i(of)g(states)g(is)f(`) p Fo(Exp)p Ft(')g(\(for)g(exp)s(erimen)m(tal\),)g(`)p Fo(Stab)p Ft(')g(\(for)h(stable\),)g(and)630 2228 y(`)p Fo(Rel)p Ft(')e(\(for)h(released\).)40 b(By)29 b(default,)g(the)g (state)h(of)e(a)h(new)g(revision)d(is)i(set)h(to)h(`)p Fo(Exp)p Ft(')e(when)630 2337 y(it)k(is)f(created.)48 b(The)32 b(state)h(is)f(visible)d(in)i(the)i(output)f(from)g Fm(cvs)g(log)40 b Ft(\(see)34 b(Section)e(A.13)630 2447 y([log],)40 b(page)e(106\),)j(and)36 b(in)g(the)i(`)p Fo($Log: cvs.ps,v $ Fo(Revision 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b(log)p Ft(')37 b(\(see)630 3272 y(Section)43 b(A.13)h([log],)j(page)d(106\).)80 b(There)43 b(can)g(b)s(e)f(no)h(space)h(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)f(`)p Fo(-t)p Ft(')g(and)g(its)630 3382 y(argumen)m(t.)630 3521 y(If)26 b Fm(\014le)k Ft(is)25 b(omitted,)i(obtain)e(the)h(text)h (from)f(standard)f(input,)g(terminated)h(b)m(y)g(end-of-\014le)630 3630 y(or)d(b)m(y)g(a)g(line)e(con)m(taining)i(`)p Fo(.)p Ft(')g(b)m(y)g(itself.)37 b(Prompt)22 b(for)h(the)g(text)h(if)e(in)m (teraction)h(is)f(p)s(ossible;)630 3740 y(see)31 b(`)p Fo(-I)p Ft('.)150 3908 y Fo(-t-)p Fm(string)107 b Ft(Similar)39 b(to)k(`)p Fo(-t)p Fm(\014le)5 b Ft('.)76 b(W)-8 b(rite)43 b(descriptiv)m(e)e(text)i(from)f(the)g Fm(string)50 b Ft(in)m(to)42 b(the)g Fs(r)n(cs)g Ft(\014le,)630 4018 y(deleting)22 b(the)g(existing)g(text.)39 b(There)22 b(can)h(b)s(e)f(no)g(space)i(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)f(`)p Fo(-t)p Ft(')f(and)g(its)g(argumen)m(t.)150 4186 y Fo(-U)384 b Ft(Set)26 b(lo)s(c)m(king)f(to)i(non-strict.)38 b(Non-strict)26 b(lo)s(c)m(king)f(means)h(that)g(the)g(o)m(wner)g(of)g(a)g(\014le)f (need)630 4295 y(not)36 b(lo)s(c)m(k)g(a)h(revision)d(for)i(c)m(hec)m (kin.)58 b(F)-8 b(or)37 b(use)f(with)f Fs(cvs)p Ft(,)i(strict)e(lo)s(c) m(king)h(m)m(ust)g(b)s(e)f(set;)630 4405 y(see)c(the)g(discussion)c (under)i(the)i(`)p Fo(-l)p Ft(')f(option)g(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e.)150 4573 y Fo(-u[)p Fm(rev)8 b Fo(])156 b Ft(See)24 b(the)g(option)g(`)p Fo(-l)p Ft(')g(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e,)i(for)e(a)h(discussion)c(of)j(using)f (this)f(option)i(with)f Fs(cvs)p Ft(.)37 b(Unlo)s(c)m(k)630 4682 y(the)f(revision)d(with)h(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)g Fm(rev)p Ft(.)56 b(If)35 b(a)h(branc)m(h)e(is)h(giv)m(en,)i(unlo)s(c)m(k)d(the)i (latest)g(revision)630 4792 y(on)i(that)h(branc)m(h.)64 b(If)38 b Fm(rev)47 b Ft(is)37 b(omitted,)k(remo)m(v)m(e)e(the)g (latest)g(lo)s(c)m(k)g(held)d(b)m(y)j(the)f(caller.)630 4902 y(Normally)-8 b(,)27 b(only)f(the)h(lo)s(c)m(k)m(er)g(of)g(a)g (revision)e(ma)m(y)i(unlo)s(c)m(k)f(it.)39 b(Someb)s(o)s(dy)25 b(else)i(unlo)s(c)m(king)630 5011 y(a)f(revision)e(breaks)i(the)g(lo)s (c)m(k.)39 b(This)25 b(causes)h(a)g(mail)f(message)i(to)f(b)s(e)g(sen)m (t)g(to)h(the)f(original)630 5121 y(lo)s(c)m(k)m(er.)61 b(The)36 b(message)i(con)m(tains)f(a)h(commen)m(tary)g(solicited)d (from)i(the)g(break)m(er.)60 b(The)630 5230 y(commen)m(tary)44 b(is)e(terminated)g(b)m(y)h(end-of-\014le)f(or)h(b)m(y)f(a)h(line)e (con)m(taining)i Fo(.)f Ft(b)m(y)h(itself.)630 5340 y(There)30 b(can)h(b)s(e)e(no)i(space)f(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)h(`)p Fo(-u)p Ft(')g(and)f(its)f(argumen)m(t.)p eop %%Page: 95 97 95 96 bop 150 -116 a Ft(App)s(endix)28 b(A:)i(Guide)g(to)h(CVS)e (commands)1955 b(95)150 299 y Fo(-V)p Fm(n)333 b Ft(In)27 b(previous)f(v)m(ersions)h(of)h Fs(cvs)p Ft(,)g(this)f(option)g(mean)m (t)i(to)f(write)f(an)h Fs(r)n(cs)f Ft(\014le)g(whic)m(h)f(w)m(ould)630 408 y(b)s(e)39 b(acceptable)h(to)g Fs(r)n(cs)f Ft(v)m(ersion)g Fm(n)p Ft(,)i(but)e(it)g(is)f(no)m(w)i(obsolete)g(and)e(sp)s(ecifying)g (it)h(will)630 518 y(pro)s(duce)29 b(an)h(error.)150 685 y Fo(-x)p Fm(su\016xes)97 b Ft(In)37 b(previous)g(v)m(ersions)h(of) g Fs(cvs)p Ft(,)i(this)d(w)m(as)h(do)s(cumen)m(ted)g(as)h(a)f(w)m(a)m (y)h(of)g(sp)s(ecifying)d(the)630 795 y(names)i(of)g(the)h Fs(r)n(cs)e Ft(\014les.)63 b(Ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)42 b Fs(cvs)c Ft(has)g(alw)m(a)m(ys)g(required)f(that)h(the)h Fs(r)n(cs)e Ft(\014les)630 904 y(used)30 b(b)m(y)g Fs(cvs)f Ft(end)h(in)f(`)p Fo(,v)p Ft(',)i(so)f(this)f(option)h(has)g(nev)m(er)h(done)f(an)m (ything)g(useful.)150 1181 y Fp(A.7)67 b(c)l(hec)l(k)l(out|Chec)l(k)47 b(out)e(sources)g(for)g(editing)225 1381 y Fr(\017)60 b Ft(Synopsis:)39 b(c)m(hec)m(k)m(out)32 b([options])f(mo)s(dules)6 b(.)20 b(.)i(.)225 1519 y Fr(\017)60 b Ft(Requires:)40 b(rep)s(ository)-8 b(.)225 1658 y Fr(\017)60 b Ft(Changes:)40 b(w)m(orking)30 b(directory)-8 b(.)225 1796 y Fr(\017)60 b Ft(Synon)m(yms:)40 b(co,)31 b(get)275 1967 y(Create)36 b(or)f(up)s(date)g(a)h(w)m(orking)e(directory)h(con)m(taining)g(copies) g(of)h(the)f(source)h(\014les)e(sp)s(eci\014ed)g(b)m(y)150 2076 y Fm(mo)s(dules)p Ft(.)k(Y)-8 b(ou)29 b(m)m(ust)g(execute)h Fo(checkout)c Ft(b)s(efore)i(using)f(most)i(of)g(the)f(other)h Fs(cvs)f Ft(commands,)h(since)150 2186 y(most)i(of)f(them)h(op)s(erate) g(on)f(y)m(our)g(w)m(orking)g(directory)-8 b(.)275 2328 y(The)40 b Fm(mo)s(dules)i Ft(are)f(either)g(sym)m(b)s(olic)e(names)h (for)h(some)g(collection)f(of)h(source)g(directories)f(and)150 2438 y(\014les,)c(or)f(paths)g(to)h(directories)e(or)h(\014les)g(in)f (the)h(rep)s(ository)-8 b(.)55 b(The)35 b(sym)m(b)s(olic)e(names)j(are) f(de\014ned)f(in)150 2547 y(the)d(`)p Fo(modules)p Ft(')d(\014le.)40 b(See)31 b(Section)f(C.1)h([mo)s(dules],)e(page)i(127.)275 2689 y(Dep)s(ending)26 b(on)i(the)g(mo)s(dules)e(y)m(ou)i(sp)s(ecify)-8 b(,)28 b Fo(checkout)d Ft(ma)m(y)k(recursiv)m(ely)d(create)k (directories)d(and)150 2799 y(p)s(opulate)f(them)h(with)f(the)h (appropriate)f(source)h(\014les.)39 b(Y)-8 b(ou)27 b(can)h(then)f(edit) f(these)i(source)f(\014les)f(at)i(an)m(y)150 2908 y(time)37 b(\(regardless)g(of)g(whether)f(other)i(soft)m(w)m(are)g(dev)m(elop)s (ers)f(are)g(editing)f(their)g(o)m(wn)i(copies)e(of)i(the)150 3018 y(sources\);)f(up)s(date)c(them)h(to)h(include)d(new)h(c)m(hanges) i(applied)d(b)m(y)i(others)g(to)h(the)f(source)h(rep)s(ository;)150 3128 y(or)30 b(commit)h(y)m(our)f(w)m(ork)g(as)h(a)g(p)s(ermanen)m(t)f (c)m(hange)h(to)g(the)g(source)f(rep)s(ository)-8 b(.)275 3270 y(Note)43 b(that)h Fo(checkout)c Ft(is)i(used)f(to)j(create)g (directories.)76 b(The)42 b(top-lev)m(el)h(directory)f(created)i(is)150 3379 y(alw)m(a)m(ys)32 b(added)f(to)h(the)g(directory)f(where)h Fo(checkout)d Ft(is)i(in)m(v)m(ok)m(ed,)h(and)f(usually)f(has)h(the)h (same)g(name)150 3489 y(as)f(the)g(sp)s(eci\014ed)e(mo)s(dule.)41 b(In)30 b(the)h(case)h(of)f(a)g(mo)s(dule)e(alias,)i(the)g(created)h (sub-directory)d(ma)m(y)j(ha)m(v)m(e)150 3599 y(a)k(di\013eren)m(t)f (name,)j(but)d(y)m(ou)h(can)g(b)s(e)g(sure)f(that)h(it)f(will)f(b)s(e)h (a)h(sub-directory)-8 b(,)37 b(and)e(that)h Fo(checkout)150 3708 y Ft(will)25 b(sho)m(w)i(the)h(relativ)m(e)g(path)f(leading)g(to)h (eac)m(h)h(\014le)e(as)g(it)h(is)e(extracted)j(in)m(to)f(y)m(our)f (priv)-5 b(ate)27 b(w)m(ork)h(area)150 3818 y(\(unless)h(y)m(ou)i(sp)s (ecify)e(the)h(`)p Fo(-Q)p Ft(')h(global)e(option\).)275 3960 y(The)g(\014les)f(created)j(b)m(y)f Fo(checkout)d Ft(are)j(created)h(read-write,)e(unless)f(the)i(`)p Fo(-r)p Ft(')g(option)f(to)h Fs(cvs)f Ft(\(see)150 4069 y(Section)40 b(A.4)i([Global)e(options],)i(page)g(86\))f(is)f(sp)s(eci\014ed,)h(the) g Fo(CVSREAD)e Ft(en)m(vironmen)m(t)h(v)-5 b(ariable)39 b(is)150 4179 y(sp)s(eci\014ed)d(\(see)i(App)s(endix)d(D)j([En)m (vironmen)m(t)e(v)-5 b(ariables],)39 b(page)f(141\),)j(or)c(a)h(w)m (atc)m(h)h(is)d(in)g(e\013ect)j(for)150 4289 y(that)31 b(\014le)e(\(see)j(Section)e(10.6)i([W)-8 b(atc)m(hes],)33 b(page)e(66\).)275 4431 y(Note)g(that)h(running)27 b Fo(checkout)i Ft(on)h(a)h(directory)f(that)h(w)m(as)g(already)f(built)f (b)m(y)h(a)h(prior)e Fo(checkout)150 4540 y Ft(is)39 b(also)h(p)s(ermitted.)68 b(This)38 b(is)h(similar)f(to)j(sp)s (ecifying)c(the)k(`)p Fo(-d)p Ft(')e(option)h(to)h(the)f Fo(update)e Ft(command)150 4650 y(in)e(the)h(sense)g(that)g(new)g (directories)f(that)h(ha)m(v)m(e)i(b)s(een)d(created)i(in)e(the)h(rep)s (ository)f(will)e(app)s(ear)i(in)150 4759 y(y)m(our)25 b(w)m(ork)g(area.)40 b(Ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)29 b Fo(checkout)22 b Ft(tak)m(es)27 b(a)e(mo)s(dule)f(name)h(whereas)g Fo(update)e Ft(tak)m(es)k(a)e(directory)150 4869 y(name.)39 b(Also)24 b(to)h(use)f Fo(checkout)e Ft(this)h(w)m(a)m(y)j(it)e(m)m(ust)g(b)s(e)g (run)e(from)i(the)h(top)f(lev)m(el)h(directory)e(\(where)i(y)m(ou)150 4979 y(originally)g(ran)h Fo(checkout)f Ft(from\),)j(so)g(b)s(efore)f (y)m(ou)g(run)f Fo(checkout)f Ft(to)j(up)s(date)e(an)i(existing)e (directory)-8 b(,)150 5088 y(don't)30 b(forget)i(to)f(c)m(hange)g(y)m 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b(useful)f(with)h(the)i(`)p Fo(-D)30 b Fm(date)5 b Ft(')23 b(or)g(`)p Fo(-r)30 b Fm(tag)8 b Ft(')23 b(\015ags.)38 b(If)22 b(no)h(matc)m(hing)f(revision) f(is)g(found,)630 1242 y(retriev)m(e)31 b(the)f(most)h(recen)m(t)h (revision)c(\(instead)i(of)h(ignoring)d(the)j(\014le\).)150 1399 y Fo(-k)f Fm(k\015ag)165 b Ft(Pro)s(cess)35 b(k)m(eyw)m(ords)g (according)g(to)g Fm(k\015ag)p Ft(.)55 b(See)35 b(Chapter)f(12)i([Keyw) m(ord)f(substitution],)630 1509 y(page)c(73.)41 b(This)28 b(option)i(is)f(stic)m(ky;)h(future)g(up)s(dates)f(of)h(this)f(\014le)g (in)f(this)h(w)m(orking)h(direc-)630 1618 y(tory)35 b(will)d(use)i(the) h(same)g Fm(k\015ag)p Ft(.)53 b(The)34 b Fo(status)f Ft(command)h(can)h(b)s(e)f(view)m(ed)g(to)i(see)f(the)630 1728 y(stic)m(ky)24 b(options.)38 b(See)25 b(App)s(endix)c(B)k([In)m(v) m(oking)f(CVS],)g(page)h(115,)i(for)d(more)h(information)630 1837 y(on)30 b(the)h Fo(status)d Ft(command.)150 1994 y Fo(-l)384 b Ft(Lo)s(cal;)30 b(run)f(only)h(in)f(curren)m(t)h(w)m (orking)g(directory)-8 b(.)150 2151 y Fo(-n)384 b Ft(Do)44 b(not)g(run)e(an)m(y)h(c)m(hec)m(k)m(out)j(program)d(\(as)h(sp)s (eci\014ed)d(with)h(the)i(`)p Fo(-o)p Ft(')f(option)g(in)f(the)630 2261 y(mo)s(dules)29 b(\014le;)g(see)i(Section)f(C.1)h([mo)s(dules],)e (page)j(127\).)150 2418 y Fo(-P)384 b Ft(Prune)29 b(empt)m(y)i (directories.)40 b(See)30 b(Section)h(7.5)g([Mo)m(ving)g(directories],) f(page)h(55.)150 2575 y Fo(-p)384 b Ft(Pip)s(e)29 b(\014les)g(to)i(the) g(standard)e(output.)150 2731 y Fo(-R)384 b Ft(Chec)m(k)m(out)32 b(directories)d(recursiv)m(ely)-8 b(.)40 b(This)28 b(option)i(is)g(on)g (b)m(y)g(default.)150 2888 y Fo(-r)g Fm(tag)229 b Ft(Use)28 b(revision)d Fm(tag)p Ft(.)41 b(This)25 b(option)i(is)f(stic)m(ky)-8 b(,)29 b(and)d(implies)f(`)p Fo(-P)p Ft('.)39 b(See)28 b(Section)f(4.9)h([Stic)m(ky)630 2998 y(tags],)k(page)f(38,)h(for)e (more)g(information)f(on)h(stic)m(ky)h(tags/dates.)275 3155 y(In)e(addition)g(to)i(those,)g(y)m(ou)g(can)f(use)g(these)h(sp)s 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Ft(')f(\015ag.)630 4197 y(There)e(is)g(an)g(imp)s(ortan)m(t)g(exception,)h(ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er.)42 b(It)28 b(is)g(v)m(ery)h(con)m(v)m(enien)m(t)h(when)d(c)m(hec)m(king) 630 4306 y(out)38 b(a)f(single)f(item)h(to)i(ha)m(v)m(e)f(the)g(output) f(app)s(ear)g(in)f(a)h(directory)g(that)h(do)s(esn't)f(con-)630 4416 y(tain)32 b(empt)m(y)i(in)m(termediate)f(directories.)47 b(In)32 b(this)g(case)i Fn(only)p Ft(,)h(CVS)d(tries)h(to)g(\\shorten") 630 4526 y(pathnames)d(to)h(a)m(v)m(oid)g(those)g(empt)m(y)g (directories.)630 4659 y(F)-8 b(or)29 b(example,)g(giv)m(en)f(a)h(mo)s (dule)d(`)p Fo(foo)p Ft(')i(that)h(con)m(tains)g(the)f(\014le)g(`)p Fo(bar.c)p Ft(',)g(the)g(command)630 4768 y(`)p Fo(cvs)i(co)f(-d)h(dir) g(foo)p Ft(')h(will)e(create)34 b(directory)e(`)p Fo(dir)p Ft(')f(and)h(place)g(`)p Fo(bar.c)p Ft(')f(inside.)43 b(Simi-)630 4878 y(larly)-8 b(,)30 b(giv)m(en)h(a)h(mo)s(dule)d(`)p Fo(bar)p Ft(')h(whic)m(h)g(has)h(sub)s(directory)e(`)p Fo(baz)p Ft(')h(wherein)f(there)j(is)e(a)h(\014le)630 4988 y(`)p Fo(quux.c)p Ft(',)24 b(the)g(command)f(`)p Fo(cvs)30 b(-d)f(dir)h(co)g(bar/baz)p Ft(')21 b(will)g(create)k (directory)e(`)p Fo(dir)p Ft(')h(and)630 5097 y(place)30 b(`)p Fo(quux.c)p Ft(')f(inside.)630 5230 y(Using)45 b(the)h(`)p Fo(-N)p Ft(')g(\015ag)g(will)d(defeat)k(this)e(b)s(eha)m (vior.)86 b(Giv)m(en)46 b(the)g(same)g(mo)s(dule)e(def-)630 5340 y(initions)h(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e,)53 b(`)p Fo(cvs)30 b(co)f(-N)h(-d)g(dir)f(foo)p Ft(')47 b(will)e(create)k(directories)e(`) p Fo(dir/foo)p Ft(')f(and)p eop %%Page: 97 99 97 98 bop 150 -116 a Ft(App)s(endix)28 b(A:)i(Guide)g(to)h(CVS)e (commands)1955 b(97)630 299 y(place)38 b(`)p Fo(bar.c)p Ft(')g(inside,)g(while)f(`)p Fo(cvs)30 b(co)f(-N)h(-d)g(dir)f(bar/baz)p Ft(')37 b(will)f(create)k(directories)630 408 y(`)p Fo(dir/bar/baz)p Ft(')28 b(and)i(place)g(`)p Fo(quux.c)p Ft(')f(inside.)150 567 y Fo(-j)h Fm(tag)229 b Ft(With)29 b(t)m(w)m(o)i(`)p Fo(-j)p Ft(')f(options,)g(merge)g(c)m(hanges)h(from)e(the)h(revision)e (sp)s(eci\014ed)g(with)h(the)h(\014rst)630 676 y(`)p Fo(-j)p Ft(')c(option)f(to)i(the)f(revision)e(sp)s(eci\014ed)g(with)g (the)i(second)g(`)p Fo(j)p Ft(')g(option,)h(in)m(to)f(the)g(w)m(orking) 630 786 y(directory)-8 b(.)630 920 y(With)29 b(one)h(`)p Fo(-j)p Ft(')f(option,)g(merge)h(c)m(hanges)g(from)f(the)h(ancestor)g (revision)e(to)i(the)g(revision)630 1030 y(sp)s(eci\014ed)24 b(with)h(the)h(`)p Fo(-j)p Ft(')f(option,)i(in)m(to)e(the)h(w)m(orking) g(directory)-8 b(.)39 b(The)25 b(ancestor)i(revision)630 1139 y(is)e(the)h(common)g(ancestor)g(of)g(the)g(revision)e(whic)m(h)h (the)g(w)m(orking)g(directory)h(is)e(based)i(on,)630 1249 y(and)k(the)g(revision)f(sp)s(eci\014ed)g(in)g(the)h(`)p Fo(-j)p Ft(')h(option.)630 1383 y(In)39 b(addition,)h(eac)m(h)h(-j)f (option)f(can)h(con)m(tain)g(an)f(optional)g(date)h(sp)s(eci\014cation) f(whic)m(h,)630 1492 y(when)e(used)g(with)g(branc)m(hes,)j(can)e(limit) e(the)i(c)m(hosen)h(revision)d(to)j(one)f(within)e(a)i(sp)s(e-)630 1602 y(ci\014c)44 b(date.)84 b(An)44 b(optional)g(date)h(is)e(sp)s (eci\014ed)g(b)m(y)h(adding)g(a)g(colon)h(\(:\))70 b(to)45 b(the)f(tag:)630 1712 y(`)p Fo(-j)p Fm(Sym)m(b)s(olic)p 1119 1712 28 4 v 31 w(T)-8 b(ag)8 b Fo(:)p Fm(Date)p 1543 1712 V 34 w(Sp)s(eci\014er)f Ft('.)630 1846 y(See)31 b(Chapter)e(5)i([Branc)m(hing)f(and)g(merging],)g(page)h(41.)150 2004 y Fo(-N)384 b Ft(Only)35 b(useful)h(together)i(with)e(`)p Fo(-d)30 b Fm(dir)7 b Ft('.)59 b(With)37 b(this)f(option,)i Fs(cvs)f Ft(will)d(not)j(\\shorten")630 2114 y(mo)s(dule)c(paths)h(in)f (y)m(our)h(w)m(orking)f(directory)h(when)g(y)m(ou)g(c)m(hec)m(k)i(out)f (a)f(single)f(mo)s(dule.)630 2223 y(See)e(the)f(`)p Fo(-d)p Ft(')g(\015ag)h(for)f(examples)g(and)g(a)h(discussion.)150 2382 y Fo(-s)384 b Ft(Lik)m(e)27 b(`)p Fo(-c)p Ft(',)g(but)g(include)d (the)j(status)g(of)g(all)f(mo)s(dules,)g(and)g(sort)h(it)g(b)m(y)g(the) g(status)g(string.)630 2491 y(See)i(Section)f(C.1)h([mo)s(dules],)f (page)i(127,)g(for)f(info)f(ab)s(out)g(the)h(`)p Fo(-s)p Ft(')g(option)f(that)h(is)f(used)630 2601 y(inside)g(the)j(mo)s(dules)d (\014le)i(to)h(set)g(the)f(mo)s(dule)f(status.)150 2823 y Fl(A.7.2)62 b(c)m(hec)m(k)m(out)39 b(examples)275 3016 y Ft(Get)31 b(a)g(cop)m(y)g(of)f(the)h(mo)s(dule)e(`)p Fo(tc)p Ft(':)390 3144 y Fo($)47 b(cvs)g(checkout)f(tc)275 3278 y Ft(Get)31 b(a)g(cop)m(y)g(of)f(the)h(mo)s(dule)e(`)p Fo(tc)p Ft(')h(as)g(it)g(lo)s(ok)m(ed)h(one)f(da)m(y)h(ago:)390 3406 y Fo($)47 b(cvs)g(checkout)f(-D)h(yesterday)e(tc)150 3662 y Fp(A.8)67 b(commit|Chec)l(k)47 b(\014les)e(in)l(to)h(the)f(rep)t (ository)225 3854 y Fr(\017)60 b Ft(Synopsis:)39 b(commit)30 b([-lnRf)7 b(])29 b([-m)i('log)p 1662 3854 V 33 w(message')h Fo(|)e Ft(-F)h(\014le])f([-r)g(revision])f([\014les)6 b(.)21 b(.)h(.)12 b(])225 3988 y Fr(\017)60 b Ft(Requires:)40 b(w)m(orking)29 b(directory)-8 b(,)31 b(rep)s(ository)-8 b(.)225 4122 y Fr(\017)60 b Ft(Changes:)40 b(rep)s(ository)-8 b(.)225 4256 y Fr(\017)60 b Ft(Synon)m(ym:)40 b(ci)275 4414 y(Use)33 b Fo(commit)f Ft(when)h(y)m(ou)h(w)m(an)m(t)g(to)h (incorp)s(orate)e(c)m(hanges)h(from)f(y)m(our)h(w)m(orking)f(source)g (\014les)g(in)m(to)150 4524 y(the)e(source)f(rep)s(ository)-8 b(.)275 4658 y(If)36 b(y)m(ou)h(don't)f(sp)s(ecify)g(particular)f (\014les)g(to)j(commit,)g(all)e(of)h(the)g(\014les)e(in)h(y)m(our)g(w)m (orking)g(curren)m(t)150 4768 y(directory)31 b(are)i(examined.)44 b Fo(commit)31 b Ft(is)f(careful)i(to)g(c)m(hange)h(in)e(the)h(rep)s (ository)f(only)g(those)h(\014les)f(that)150 4877 y(y)m(ou)37 b(ha)m(v)m(e)g(really)e(c)m(hanged.)60 b(By)36 b(default)g(\(or)h(if)e (y)m(ou)h(explicitly)e(sp)s(ecify)h(the)i(`)p Fo(-R)p Ft(')f(option\),)i(\014les)d(in)150 4987 y(sub)s(directories)26 b(are)j(also)g(examined)f(and)g(committed)g(if)g(they)h(ha)m(v)m(e)h(c) m(hanged;)g(y)m(ou)f(can)g(use)f(the)h(`)p Fo(-l)p Ft(')150 5096 y(option)h(to)h(limit)d Fo(commit)h Ft(to)i(the)f(curren)m(t)h (directory)e(only)-8 b(.)275 5230 y Fo(commit)35 b Ft(v)m(eri\014es)h (that)i(the)f(selected)h(\014les)e(are)h(up)f(to)i(date)f(with)f(the)h (curren)m(t)g(revisions)e(in)h(the)150 5340 y(source)g(rep)s(ository;)j (it)c(will)f(notify)h(y)m(ou,)k(and)c(exit)h(without)g(committing,)h (if)e(an)m(y)i(of)f(the)h(sp)s(eci\014ed)p eop %%Page: 98 100 98 99 bop 150 -116 a Ft(98)2111 b(CVS|Concurren)m(t)29 b(V)-8 b(ersions)30 b(System)150 299 y(\014les)d(m)m(ust)g(b)s(e)h (made)g(curren)m(t)f(\014rst)g(with)g Fo(update)f Ft(\(see)j(Section)e (A.16)i([up)s(date],)g(page)f(111\).)42 b Fo(commit)150 408 y Ft(do)s(es)32 b(not)h(call)e(the)i Fo(update)d Ft(command)i(for)h(y)m(ou,)g(but)f(rather)g(lea)m(v)m(es)h(that)g(for)f (y)m(ou)h(to)g(do)f(when)g(the)150 518 y(time)e(is)f(righ)m(t.)275 698 y(When)34 b(all)g(is)f(w)m(ell,)i(an)g(editor)f(is)g(in)m(v)m(ok)m (ed)h(to)g(allo)m(w)g(y)m(ou)g(to)g(en)m(ter)h(a)f(log)f(message)i (that)g(will)c(b)s(e)150 807 y(written)40 b(to)i(one)f(or)g(more)g (logging)g(programs)g(\(see)h(Section)f(C.1)g([mo)s(dules],)i(page)f 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b(that)f(this)f(is)g(not)h(the)g (standard)f(b)s(eha)m(vior)g(of)h(the)g(`)p Fo(-f)p Ft(')f(option)h(as) g(de\014ned)e(in)630 4063 y(Section)30 b(A.5)h([Common)g(options],)f (page)h(88.)630 4220 y(F)-8 b(orce)35 b Fs(cvs)d Ft(to)i(commit)g(a)f (new)g(revision)f(ev)m(en)i(if)e(y)m(ou)i(ha)m(v)m(en't)h(made)e(an)m (y)h(c)m(hanges)g(to)630 4330 y(the)e(\014le.)44 b(If)32 b(the)g(curren)m(t)f(revision)g(of)h Fm(\014le)k Ft(is)31 b(1.7,)i(then)f(the)g(follo)m(wing)e(t)m(w)m(o)j(commands)630 4439 y(are)e(equiv)-5 b(alen)m(t:)870 4590 y Fo($)47 b(cvs)g(commit)f(-f)i Fm(\014le)870 4694 y Fo($)f(cvs)g(commit)f(-r)i (1.8)f Fm(\014le)630 4851 y Ft(The)25 b(`)p Fo(-f)p Ft(')h(option)g (disables)e(recursion)g(\(i.e.,)k(it)d(implies)f(`)p Fo(-l)p Ft('\).)39 b(T)-8 b(o)27 b(force)f Fs(cvs)f Ft(to)i(commit)630 4961 y(a)k(new)f(revision)e(for)i(all)g(\014les)f(in)g(all)g(sub)s (directories,)f(y)m(ou)j(m)m(ust)f(use)g(`)p Fo(-f)g(-R)p Ft('.)150 5165 y Fo(-m)g Fm(message)630 5275 y Ft(Use)h Fm(message)36 b Ft(as)31 b(the)g(log)f(message,)i(instead)d(of)i(in)m (v)m(oking)f(an)g(editor.)p eop %%Page: 99 101 99 100 bop 150 -116 a Ft(App)s(endix)28 b(A:)i(Guide)g(to)h(CVS)e (commands)1955 b(99)150 513 y Fl(A.8.2)62 b(commit)39 b(examples)150 823 y(A.8.2.1)62 b(Committing)40 b(to)h(a)g(branc)m(h) 275 1029 y Ft(Y)-8 b(ou)24 b(can)h(commit)f(to)h(a)g(branc)m(h)f (revision)f(\(one)i(that)g(has)f(an)g(ev)m(en)h(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)e(of)i (dots\))f(with)f(the)i(`)p Fo(-r)p Ft(')150 1139 y(option.)40 b(T)-8 b(o)31 b(create)h(a)f(branc)m(h)f(revision,)f(use)h(the)g(`)p Fo(-b)p Ft(')h(option)f(of)g(the)h Fo(rtag)e Ft(or)h Fo(tag)g Ft(commands)g(\(see)150 1249 y(Chapter)22 b(5)h([Branc)m(hing) g(and)f(merging],)i(page)f(41\).)40 b(Then,)23 b(either)f Fo(checkout)f Ft(or)i Fo(update)e Ft(can)i(b)s(e)f(used)150 1358 y(to)31 b(base)f(y)m(our)g(sources)f(on)h(the)g(newly)f(created)i (branc)m(h.)40 b(F)-8 b(rom)30 b(that)h(p)s(oin)m(t)e(on,)h(all)f Fo(commit)f Ft(c)m(hanges)150 1468 y(made)23 b(within)d(these)j(w)m (orking)e(sources)i(will)d(b)s(e)i(automatically)g(added)g(to)h(a)g (branc)m(h)f(revision,)h(thereb)m(y)150 1577 y(not)j(disturbing)d (main-line)g(dev)m(elopmen)m(t)j(in)f(an)m(y)h(w)m(a)m(y)-8 b(.)41 b(F)-8 b(or)26 b(example,)h(if)e(y)m(ou)h(had)f(to)i(create)g(a) f(patc)m(h)150 1687 y(to)g(the)g(1.2)h(v)m(ersion)e(of)h(the)g(pro)s (duct,)g(ev)m(en)g(though)f(the)h(2.0)h(v)m(ersion)e(is)g(already)g (under)f(dev)m(elopmen)m(t,)150 1797 y(y)m(ou)31 b(migh)m(t)f(do:)390 1939 y Fo($)47 b(cvs)g(rtag)g(-b)g(-r)g(FCS1_2)f(FCS1_2_Patch)f (product_module)390 2043 y($)i(cvs)g(checkout)f(-r)h(FCS1_2_Patch)e (product_module)390 2147 y($)i(cd)h(product_module)390 2250 y([[)f(hack)g(away)f(]])390 2354 y($)h(cvs)g(commit)150 2503 y Ft(This)29 b(w)m(orks)h(automatically)g(since)g(the)g(`)p Fo(-r)p Ft(')h(option)f(is)f(stic)m(ky)-8 b(.)150 2755 y Fl(A.8.2.2)62 b(Creating)41 b(the)g(branc)m(h)f(after)g(editing)275 2961 y Ft(Sa)m(y)24 b(y)m(ou)h(ha)m(v)m(e)g(b)s(een)f(w)m(orking)f(on)h (some)h(extremely)f(exp)s(erimen)m(tal)f(soft)m(w)m(are,)k(based)d(on)g (whatev)m(er)150 3071 y(revision)j(y)m(ou)h(happ)s(ened)f(to)i(c)m(hec) m(k)m(out)i(last)d(w)m(eek.)41 b(If)27 b(others)i(in)e(y)m(our)h(group) g(w)m(ould)f(lik)m(e)h(to)h(w)m(ork)f(on)150 3181 y(this)34 b(soft)m(w)m(are)j(with)d(y)m(ou,)j(but)e(without)f(disturbing)f (main-line)g(dev)m(elopmen)m(t,)k(y)m(ou)f(could)e(commit)150 3290 y(y)m(our)27 b(c)m(hange)i(to)f(a)g(new)f(branc)m(h.)39 b(Others)27 b(can)h(then)f(c)m(hec)m(k)m(out)j(y)m(our)d(exp)s(erimen)m (tal)g(stu\013)g(and)g(utilize)150 3400 y(the)k(full)d(b)s(ene\014t)h (of)i Fs(cvs)e Ft(con\015ict)h(resolution.)40 b(The)29 b(scenario)i(migh)m(t)f(lo)s(ok)g(lik)m(e:)390 3542 y Fo([[)47 b(hacked)f(sources)g(are)h(present)f(]])390 3646 y($)h(cvs)g(tag)g(-b)g(EXPR1)390 3750 y($)g(cvs)g(update)f(-r)i (EXPR1)390 3854 y($)f(cvs)g(commit)275 4002 y Ft(The)39 b Fo(update)g Ft(command)h(will)d(mak)m(e)k(the)g(`)p Fo(-r)30 b(EXPR1)p Ft(')39 b(option)g(stic)m(ky)i(on)f(all)f(\014les.) 69 b(Note)41 b(that)150 4112 y(y)m(our)31 b(c)m(hanges)h(to)g(the)f (\014les)f(will)f(nev)m(er)i(b)s(e)g(remo)m(v)m(ed)h(b)m(y)f(the)g Fo(update)f Ft(command.)43 b(The)30 b Fo(commit)g Ft(will)150 4221 y(automatically)j(commit)g(to)h(the)f(correct)h(branc)m(h,)g(b)s (ecause)f(the)g(`)p Fo(-r)p Ft(')g(is)g(stic)m(ky)-8 b(.)49 b(Y)-8 b(ou)34 b(could)e(also)h(do)150 4331 y(lik)m(e)d(this:) 390 4474 y Fo([[)47 b(hacked)f(sources)g(are)h(present)f(]])390 4577 y($)h(cvs)g(tag)g(-b)g(EXPR1)390 4681 y($)g(cvs)g(commit)f(-r)i (EXPR1)150 4830 y Ft(but)20 b(then,)i(only)e(those)h(\014les)f(that)h (w)m(ere)g(c)m(hanged)g(b)m(y)g(y)m(ou)g(will)d(ha)m(v)m(e)k(the)e(`)p Fo(-r)30 b(EXPR1)p Ft(')20 b(stic)m(ky)h(\015ag.)37 b(If)21 b(y)m(ou)150 4939 y(hac)m(k)31 b(a)m(w)m(a)m(y)-8 b(,)33 b(and)d(commit)h(without)e(sp)s(ecifying)g(the)h(`)p Fo(-r)g(EXPR1)p Ft(')g(\015ag,)h(some)g(\014les)e(ma)m(y)i(acciden)m (tally)150 5049 y(end)f(up)f(on)h(the)h(main)e(trunk.)275 5197 y(T)-8 b(o)30 b(w)m(ork)h(with)e(y)m(ou)i(on)f(the)g(exp)s(erimen) m(tal)g(c)m(hange,)h(others)g(w)m(ould)e(simply)f(do)390 5340 y Fo($)47 b(cvs)g(checkout)f(-r)h(EXPR1)f(whatever_module)p eop %%Page: 100 102 100 101 bop 150 -116 a Ft(100)2066 b(CVS|Concurren)m(t)29 b(V)-8 b(ersions)30 b(System)150 299 y Fp(A.9)67 b(di\013|Sho)l(w)46 b(di\013erences)g(b)t(et)l(w)l(een)g(revisions)225 490 y Fr(\017)60 b Ft(Synopsis:)38 b(di\013)28 b([-lR])i([format)p 1393 490 28 4 v 33 w(options])f([[-r)h(rev1)g Fo(|)g Ft(-D)g(date1])h([-r)e(rev2)h Fo(|)g Ft(-D)g(date2]])h([\014les)6 b(.)21 b(.)h(.)12 b(])225 622 y Fr(\017)60 b Ft(Requires:)40 b(w)m(orking)29 b(directory)-8 b(,)31 b(rep)s(ository)-8 b(.)225 755 y Fr(\017)60 b Ft(Changes:)40 b(nothing.)275 911 y(The)c Fo(diff)f Ft(command)h(is)g(used)f(to)j(compare)f (di\013eren)m(t)f(revisions)e(of)j(\014les.)58 b(The)36 b(default)g(action)150 1020 y(is)j(to)i(compare)g(y)m(our)f(w)m(orking) g(\014les)f(with)g(the)i(revisions)d(they)j(w)m(ere)f(based)g(on,)j (and)d(rep)s(ort)g(an)m(y)150 1130 y(di\013erences)30 b(that)h(are)f(found.)275 1263 y(If)j(an)m(y)i(\014le)e(names)h(are)h (giv)m(en,)g(only)e(those)i(\014les)e(are)i(compared.)52 b(If)33 b(an)m(y)i(directories)e(are)i(giv)m(en,)150 1372 y(all)29 b(\014les)h(under)e(them)j(will)c(b)s(e)j(compared.)275 1505 y(The)d(exit)h(status)g(for)f(di\013)g(is)f(di\013eren)m(t)i(than) f(for)h(other)g Fs(cvs)f Ft(commands;)h(for)g(details)f(Section)g(A.2) 150 1614 y([Exit)j(status],)h(page)g(85.)150 1833 y Fl(A.9.1)62 b(di\013)41 b(options)275 2024 y Ft(These)k(standard)f(options)h(are)h (supp)s(orted)d(b)m(y)i Fo(diff)f Ft(\(see)j(Section)e(A.5)h([Common)f (options],)150 2133 y(page)31 b(88,)h(for)e(a)g(complete)h(description) e(of)h(them\):)150 2289 y Fo(-D)g Fm(date)183 b Ft(Use)36 b(the)f(most)g(recen)m(t)i(revision)c(no)i(later)g(than)g Fm(date)p Ft(.)56 b(See)35 b(`)p Fo(-r)p Ft(')g(for)g(ho)m(w)g(this)f (a\013ects)630 2399 y(the)d(comparison.)150 2555 y Fo(-k)f Fm(k\015ag)165 b Ft(Pro)s(cess)35 b(k)m(eyw)m(ords)g(according)g(to)g Fm(k\015ag)p Ft(.)55 b(See)35 b(Chapter)f(12)i([Keyw)m(ord)f (substitution],)630 2664 y(page)c(73.)150 2820 y Fo(-l)384 b Ft(Lo)s(cal;)30 b(run)f(only)h(in)f(curren)m(t)h(w)m(orking)g (directory)-8 b(.)150 2976 y Fo(-R)384 b Ft(Examine)30 b(directories)f(recursiv)m(ely)-8 b(.)40 b(This)28 b(option)i(is)g(on)g (b)m(y)g(default.)150 3131 y Fo(-r)g Fm(tag)229 b Ft(Compare)28 b(with)e(revision)g Fm(tag)p Ft(.)41 b(Zero,)29 b(one)f(or)g(t)m(w)m(o) h(`)p Fo(-r)p Ft(')f(options)f(can)h(b)s(e)g(presen)m(t.)39 b(With)630 3241 y(no)28 b(`)p Fo(-r)p Ft(')f(option,)h(the)g(w)m (orking)f(\014le)g(will)e(b)s(e)j(compared)f(with)g(the)h(revision)e (it)h(w)m(as)h(based)630 3351 y(on.)40 b(With)30 b(one)g(`)p Fo(-r)p Ft(',)g(that)g(revision)e(will)f(b)s(e)i(compared)h(to)g(y)m (our)g(curren)m(t)g(w)m(orking)f(\014le.)630 3460 y(With)g(t)m(w)m(o)j (`)p Fo(-r)p Ft(')d(options)g(those)i(t)m(w)m(o)g(revisions)d(will)f(b) s(e)i(compared)h(\(and)g(y)m(our)g(w)m(orking)630 3570 y(\014le)f(will)f(not)j(a\013ect)h(the)e(outcome)i(in)d(an)m(y)i(w)m(a) m(y\).)630 3702 y(One)23 b(or)g(b)s(oth)g(`)p Fo(-r)p Ft(')g(options)g(can)g(b)s(e)g(replaced)g(b)m(y)g(a)h(`)p Fo(-D)30 b Fm(date)5 b Ft(')24 b(option,)g(describ)s(ed)d(ab)s(o)m(v)m (e.)275 3858 y(The)27 b(follo)m(wing)f(options)h(sp)s(ecify)g(the)h (format)g(of)g(the)g(output.)39 b(They)27 b(ha)m(v)m(e)i(the)f(same)h (meaning)e(as)150 3968 y(in)i(GNU)i(di\013.)390 4095 y Fo(-0)47 b(-1)g(-2)h(-3)f(-4)g(-5)g(-6)g(-7)g(-8)h(-9)390 4198 y(--binary)390 4302 y(--brief)390 4406 y(--changed-group-format=)p Fm(arg)390 4510 y Fo(-c)485 4614 y(-C)g Fm(nlines)485 4717 y Fo(--context[=)p Fm(lines)t Fo(])390 4821 y(-e)f(--ed)390 4925 y(-t)g(--expand-tabs)390 5029 y(-f)g(--forward-ed)390 5132 y(--horizon-lines=)p Fm(arg)390 5236 y Fo(--ifdef=)p Fm(arg)390 5340 y Fo(-w)g(--ignore-all-space)p eop %%Page: 101 103 101 102 bop 150 -116 a Ft(App)s(endix)28 b(A:)i(Guide)g(to)h(CVS)e (commands)1910 b(101)390 299 y Fo(-B)47 b(--ignore-blank-lines)390 403 y(-i)g(--ignore-case)390 506 y(-I)g Fm(regexp)533 610 y Fo(--ignore-matching-lines=)p Fm(r)o(egexp)390 714 y Fo(-h)390 818 y(-b)g(--ignore-space-change)390 922 y(-T)g(--initial-tab)390 1025 y(-L)g Fm(lab)s(el)485 1129 y Fo(--label=)p Fm(lab)s(el)390 1233 y Fo(--left-column)390 1337 y(-d)g(--minimal)390 1440 y(-N)g(--new-file)390 1544 y(--new-line-format=)p Fm(arg)390 1648 y Fo(--old-line-format=)p Fm(arg)390 1752 y Fo(--paginate)390 1856 y(-n)g(--rcs)390 1959 y(-s)g(--report-identical-files)390 2063 y(-p)390 2167 y(--show-c-function)390 2271 y(-y)g(--side-by-side)390 2374 y(-F)g Fm(regexp)390 2478 y Fo(--show-function-line=)p Fm(regexp)390 2582 y Fo(-H)g(--speed-large-files)390 2686 y(--suppress-common-lines)390 2790 y(-a)g(--text)390 2893 y(--unchanged-group-format)o(=)p Fm(arg)390 2997 y Fo(-u)485 3101 y(-U)h Fm(nlines)485 3205 y Fo(--unified[=)p Fm(lines)t Fo(])390 3308 y(-V)f Fm(arg)390 3412 y Fo(-W)g Fm(columns)485 3516 y Fo(--width=)p Fm(columns)150 3724 y Fl(A.9.2)62 b(di\013)41 b(examples)275 3911 y Ft(The)47 b(follo)m(wing)g(line)g(pro)s(duces)f(a)j(Unidi\013)d(\(`)p Fo(-u)p Ft(')i(\015ag\))h(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)g(revision)e(1.14)i(and)f (1.19)i(of)150 4021 y(`)p Fo(backend.c)p Ft('.)60 b(Due)37 b(to)h(the)g(`)p Fo(-kk)p Ft(')f(\015ag)g(no)h(k)m(eyw)m(ords)f(are)h (substituted,)g(so)f(di\013erences)g(that)h(only)150 4130 y(dep)s(end)29 b(on)h(k)m(eyw)m(ord)h(substitution)d(are)j (ignored.)390 4254 y Fo($)47 b(cvs)g(diff)g(-kk)g(-u)g(-r)g(1.14)g(-r)g (1.19)g(backend.c)275 4383 y Ft(Supp)s(ose)67 b(the)i(exp)s(erimen)m (tal)f(branc)m(h)g(EXPR1)h(w)m(as)h(based)e(on)h(a)h(set)f(of)g (\014les)f(tagged)150 4493 y(RELEASE)p 584 4493 28 4 v 32 w(1)p 661 4493 V 33 w(0.)41 b(T)-8 b(o)31 b(see)g(what)f(has)g (happ)s(ened)f(on)h(that)h(branc)m(h,)f(the)h(follo)m(wing)e(can)h(b)s (e)g(used:)390 4616 y Fo($)47 b(cvs)g(diff)g(-r)g(RELEASE_1_0)e(-r)i (EXPR1)275 4745 y Ft(A)30 b(command)g(lik)m(e)g(this)f(can)i(b)s(e)f (used)f(to)i(pro)s(duce)e(a)i(con)m(text)h(di\013)d(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)i (t)m(w)m(o)h(releases:)390 4868 y Fo($)47 b(cvs)g(diff)g(-c)g(-r)g (RELEASE_1_0)e(-r)i(RELEASE_1_1)e(>)i(diffs)275 4997 y Ft(If)22 b(y)m(ou)h(are)g(main)m(taining)e(ChangeLogs,)k(a)e(command) f(lik)m(e)g(the)h(follo)m(wing)e(just)i(b)s(efore)f(y)m(ou)h(commit)150 5107 y(y)m(our)34 b(c)m(hanges)i(ma)m(y)f(help)e(y)m(ou)i(write)f(the)g (ChangeLog)h(en)m(try)-8 b(.)54 b(All)33 b(lo)s(cal)h(mo)s (di\014cations)f(that)i(ha)m(v)m(e)150 5217 y(not)c(y)m(et)g(b)s(een)f (committed)g(will)e(b)s(e)i(prin)m(ted.)390 5340 y Fo($)47 b(cvs)g(diff)g(-u)g(|)h(less)p eop %%Page: 102 104 102 103 bop 150 -116 a Ft(102)2066 b(CVS|Concurren)m(t)29 b(V)-8 b(ersions)30 b(System)150 299 y Fp(A.10)68 b(exp)t(ort|Exp)t (ort)45 b(sources)g(from)h(CVS,)e(similar)j(to)e(c)l(hec)l(k)l(out)225 524 y Fr(\017)60 b Ft(Synopsis:)39 b(exp)s(ort)30 b([-\015NnR])g([-r)g (rev)p Fo(|)p Ft(-D)h(date])g([-k)g(subst])f([-d)g(dir])f(mo)s(dule)6 b(.)20 b(.)j(.)225 674 y Fr(\017)60 b Ft(Requires:)40 b(rep)s(ository)-8 b(.)225 825 y Fr(\017)60 b Ft(Changes:)40 b(curren)m(t)31 b(directory)-8 b(.)275 1033 y(This)29 b(command)j(is)f(a)h(v)-5 b(arian)m(t)31 b(of)h Fo(checkout)p Ft(;)e(use)i(it)f(when)g(y)m(ou)h(w)m(an)m(t)g(a)g(cop)m(y)h(of)e(the)h (source)g(for)150 1142 y(mo)s(dule)c(without)h(the)h Fs(cvs)f Ft(administrativ)m(e)f(directories.)40 b(F)-8 b(or)31 b(example,)f(y)m(ou)g(migh)m(t)f(use)h Fo(export)e Ft(to)150 1252 y(prepare)g(source)i(for)e(shipmen)m(t)g(o\013-site.)41 b(This)27 b(command)i(requires)e(that)j(y)m(ou)f(sp)s(ecify)f(a)h(date) h(or)f(tag)150 1362 y(\(with)d(`)p Fo(-D)p Ft(')h(or)g(`)p Fo(-r)p Ft('\),)h(so)f(that)g(y)m(ou)g(can)h(coun)m(t)f(on)g(repro)s (ducing)d(the)j(source)g(y)m(ou)h(ship)d(to)i(others)g(\(and)150 1471 y(th)m(us)j(it)g(alw)m(a)m(ys)h(prunes)e(empt)m(y)h (directories\).)275 1638 y(One)38 b(often)i(w)m(ould)e(lik)m(e)g(to)i (use)f(`)p Fo(-kv)p Ft(')f(with)g Fo(cvs)30 b(export)p Ft(.)65 b(This)37 b(causes)j(an)m(y)f(k)m(eyw)m(ords)h(to)g(b)s(e)150 1748 y(expanded)34 b(suc)m(h)h(that)h(an)f(imp)s(ort)e(done)i(at)h (some)g(other)f(site)g(will)d(not)k(lose)f(the)g(k)m(eyw)m(ord)h (revision)150 1857 y(information.)42 b(But)32 b(b)s(e)f(a)m(w)m(are)i (that)f(do)s(esn't)f(handle)f(an)h(exp)s(ort)h(con)m(taining)f(binary)e (\014les)i(correctly)-8 b(.)150 1967 y(Also)40 b(b)s(e)g(a)m(w)m(are)i (that)f(after)g(ha)m(ving)f(used)f(`)p Fo(-kv)p Ft(',)k(one)e(can)f(no) h(longer)f(use)g(the)g Fo(ident)f Ft(command)150 2076 y(\(whic)m(h)29 b(is)g(part)h(of)g(the)h Fs(r)n(cs)e Ft(suite|see)h(iden)m(t\(1\)\))h(whic)m(h)e(lo)s(oks)g(for)h(k)m(eyw)m (ord)h(strings.)39 b(If)30 b(y)m(ou)g(w)m(an)m(t)150 2186 y(to)h(b)s(e)f(able)g(to)h(use)f Fo(ident)f Ft(y)m(ou)i(m)m(ust)f (not)g(use)h(`)p Fo(-kv)p Ft('.)150 2475 y Fl(A.10.1)62 b(exp)s(ort)42 b(options)275 2700 y Ft(These)36 b(standard)g(options)g (are)h(supp)s(orted)e(b)m(y)h Fo(export)f Ft(\(see)j(Section)e(A.5)i ([Common)e(options],)150 2809 y(page)31 b(88,)h(for)e(a)g(complete)h (description)e(of)h(them\):)150 3017 y Fo(-D)g Fm(date)183 b Ft(Use)31 b(the)f(most)h(recen)m(t)g(revision)e(no)h(later)h(than)f Fm(date)p Ft(.)150 3209 y Fo(-f)384 b Ft(If)35 b(no)g(matc)m(hing)g (revision)f(is)g(found,)i(retriev)m(e)g(the)f(most)h(recen)m(t)g (revision)e(\(instead)h(of)630 3318 y(ignoring)29 b(the)h(\014le\).)150 3510 y Fo(-l)384 b Ft(Lo)s(cal;)30 b(run)f(only)h(in)f(curren)m(t)h(w)m (orking)g(directory)-8 b(.)150 3702 y Fo(-n)384 b Ft(Do)31 b(not)g(run)e(an)m(y)h(c)m(hec)m(k)m(out)j(program.)150 3893 y Fo(-R)384 b Ft(Exp)s(ort)30 b(directories)f(recursiv)m(ely)-8 b(.)40 b(This)28 b(is)i(on)g(b)m(y)g(default.)150 4085 y Fo(-r)g Fm(tag)229 b Ft(Use)31 b(revision)d Fm(tag)p Ft(.)275 4293 y(In)39 b(addition,)h(these)h(options)e(\(that)i(are)f (common)g(to)g Fo(checkout)e Ft(and)h Fo(export)p Ft(\))g(are)h(also)g (sup-)150 4402 y(p)s(orted:)150 4610 y Fo(-d)30 b Fm(dir)241 b Ft(Create)32 b(a)f(directory)g(called)f Fm(dir)36 b Ft(for)31 b(the)g(w)m(orking)g(\014les,)f(instead)g(of)i(using)d(the)j (mo)s(dule)630 4720 y(name.)60 b(See)38 b(Section)e(A.7.1)j([c)m(hec)m (k)m(out)g(options],)g(page)e(96,)j(for)d(complete)g(details)f(on)630 4829 y(ho)m(w)30 b Fs(cvs)g Ft(handles)f(this)g(\015ag.)150 5021 y Fo(-k)h Fm(subst)145 b Ft(Set)31 b(k)m(eyw)m(ord)f(expansion)g (mo)s(de)g(\(see)h(Section)f(12.4)i([Substitution)c(mo)s(des],)i(page)h (75\).)150 5213 y Fo(-N)384 b Ft(Only)52 b(useful)f(together)k(with)d (`)p Fo(-d)30 b Fm(dir)7 b Ft('.)107 b(See)53 b(Section)h(A.7.1)g([c)m (hec)m(k)m(out)i(options],)630 5322 y(page)31 b(96,)h(for)e(complete)h (details)e(on)h(ho)m(w)h Fs(cvs)e Ft(handles)g(this)g(\015ag.)p eop %%Page: 103 105 103 104 bop 150 -116 a Ft(App)s(endix)28 b(A:)i(Guide)g(to)h(CVS)e (commands)1910 b(103)150 299 y Fp(A.11)68 b(history|Sho)l(w)46 b(status)f(of)g(\014les)h(and)e(users)225 489 y Fr(\017)60 b Ft(Synopsis:)39 b(history)29 b([-rep)s(ort])h([-\015ags])i([-options) e(args])h([\014les)6 b(.)21 b(.)h(.)12 b(])225 621 y Fr(\017)60 b Ft(Requires:)40 b(the)30 b(\014le)g(`)p Fo($CVSROOT/CVSROOT/history)o Ft(')225 753 y Fr(\017)60 b Ft(Changes:)40 b(nothing.)275 907 y Fs(cvs)27 b Ft(can)h(k)m(eep)h(a) f(history)f(\014le)h(that)g(trac)m(ks)h(eac)m(h)h(use)e(of)g(the)g Fo(checkout)p Ft(,)f Fo(commit)p Ft(,)g Fo(rtag)p Ft(,)g Fo(update)p Ft(,)150 1017 y(and)33 b Fo(release)f Ft(commands.)51 b(Y)-8 b(ou)34 b(can)g(use)g Fo(history)e Ft(to)i(displa)m(y)f(this)f (information)g(in)h(v)-5 b(arious)33 b(for-)150 1126 y(mats.)275 1258 y(Logging)d(m)m(ust)g(b)s(e)g(enabled)g(b)m(y)g (creating)h(the)f(\014le)g(`)p Fo($CVSROOT/CVSROOT/history)o Ft('.)275 1390 y Fg(W)-8 b(arning:)49 b Fo(history)33 b Ft(uses)i(`)p Fo(-f)p Ft(',)h(`)p Fo(-l)p Ft(',)g(`)p Fo(-n)p Ft(',)g(and)e(`)p Fo(-p)p Ft(')h(in)f(w)m(a)m(ys)h(that)h (con\015ict)e(with)g(the)h(normal)150 1500 y(use)30 b(inside)e 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b(\014le)e(name,)i(or)f(the)h(rep)s(ository)e(path.)150 2314 y Fo(-D)h Fm(date)183 b Ft(Sho)m(w)23 b(data)i(since)e Fm(date)p Ft(.)39 b(This)22 b(is)g(sligh)m(tly)g(di\013eren)m(t)i(from) f(the)h(normal)e(use)i(of)g(`)p Fo(-D)30 b Fm(date)5 b Ft(',)630 2424 y(whic)m(h)29 b(selects)i(the)g(new)m(est)f(revision)f (older)h(than)g Fm(date)p Ft(.)150 2582 y Fo(-f)g Fm(\014le)237 b Ft(Sho)m(w)26 b(data)h(for)f(a)h(particular)d(\014le)i(\(y)m(ou)h (can)f(sp)s(ecify)f(sev)m(eral)i(`)p Fo(-f)p Ft(')f(options)g(on)g(the) h(same)630 2691 y(command)j(line\).)40 b(This)28 b(is)i(equiv)-5 b(alen)m(t)29 b(to)i(sp)s(ecifying)e(the)h(\014le)g(on)g(the)h(command) f(line.)150 2849 y Fo(-n)g Fm(mo)s(dule)630 2959 y Ft(Sho)m(w)g(data)g (for)g(a)h(particular)d(mo)s(dule)h(\(y)m(ou)i(can)f(sp)s(ecify)f(sev)m (eral)h(`)p Fo(-n)p Ft(')g(options)g(on)g(the)630 3068 y(same)h(command)f(line\).)150 3226 y Fo(-p)g Fm(rep)s(ository)630 3335 y Ft(Sho)m(w)21 b(data)h(for)f(a)h(particular)d(source)j(rep)s 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b(,)35 b(and)f(for)g(wholesale)g(up)s(dates)f(to)i(the)g(mo)s(dule)d (from)i(the)h(outside)150 628 y(source.)41 b(See)31 b(Chapter)e(13)j ([T)-8 b(rac)m(king)30 b(sources],)h(page)g(77,)h(for)e(a)h(discussion) c(on)k(this)e(sub)5 b(ject.)275 764 y(The)36 b Fm(rep)s(ository)43 b Ft(argumen)m(t)37 b(giv)m(es)g(a)g(directory)f(name)h(\(or)g(a)g (path)g(to)g(a)g(directory\))g(under)e(the)150 874 y Fs(cvs)29 b Ft(ro)s(ot)i(directory)f(for)g(rep)s(ositories;)f(if)h(the) g(directory)g(did)f(not)h(exist,)h(imp)s(ort)d(creates)k(it.)275 1011 y(When)44 b(y)m(ou)i(use)e(imp)s(ort)g(for)g(up)s(dates)g(to)i (source)f(that)h(has)e(b)s(een)g(mo)s(di\014ed)f(in)h(y)m(our)h(source) 150 1120 y(rep)s(ository)40 b(\(since)h(a)h(prior)e(imp)s(ort\),)j(it)e (will)d(notify)j(y)m(ou)h(of)f(an)m(y)h(\014les)e(that)i(con\015ict)f (in)f(the)i(t)m(w)m(o)150 1230 y(branc)m(hes)26 b(of)g(dev)m(elopmen)m (t;)i(use)e(`)p Fo(checkout)i(-j)p Ft(')e(to)g(reconcile)g(the)g (di\013erences,)h(as)f(imp)s(ort)e(instructs)150 1339 y(y)m(ou)31 b(to)g(do.)275 1476 y(If)k Fs(cvs)g Ft(decides)g(a)i (\014le)e(should)f(b)s(e)h(ignored)g(\(see)i(Section)f(C.9)g ([cvsignore],)i(page)f(136\),)i(it)c(do)s(es)150 1586 y(not)e(imp)s(ort)d(it)i(and)g(prin)m(ts)f(`)p Fo(I)f Ft(')j(follo)m(w)m(ed)f(b)m(y)g(the)g(\014lename)g(\(see)h(Section)f (A.12.2)j([imp)s(ort)c(output],)150 1695 y(page)g(106,)h(for)e(a)h (complete)g(description)d(of)j(the)f(output\).)275 1832 y(If)41 b(the)i(\014le)e(`)p Fo($CVSROOT/CVSROOT/cvswrappe)o(rs)p Ft(')36 b(exists,)45 b(an)m(y)e(\014le)e(whose)h(names)h(matc)m(h)g (the)150 1942 y(sp)s(eci\014cations)h(in)h(that)h(\014le)e(will)f(b)s (e)i(treated)i(as)f(pac)m(k)-5 b(ages)47 b(and)e(the)h(appropriate)f (\014ltering)f(will)150 2051 y(b)s(e)e(p)s(erformed)f(on)i(the)g (\014le/directory)f(b)s(efore)g(b)s(eing)f(imp)s(orted.)76 b(See)43 b(Section)g(C.2)g([W)-8 b(rapp)s(ers],)150 2161 y(page)31 b(130.)275 2297 y(The)g(outside)h(source)g(is)g(sa)m(v)m(ed)h 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b(the)f(directory)f(in)g(whic)m(h)f(y)m(ou)i(in)m(v)m (ok)m(e)h(it.)50 b(In)33 b(particular,)150 3119 y(it)e(do)s(es)g(not)g (set)h(up)e(that)i(directory)f(as)g(a)h Fs(cvs)e Ft(w)m(orking)h (directory;)g(if)g(y)m(ou)g(w)m(an)m(t)h(to)g(w)m(ork)g(with)e(the)150 3228 y(sources)20 b(imp)s(ort)f(them)h(\014rst)g(and)g(then)g(c)m(hec)m (k)h(them)g(out)f(in)m(to)g(a)h(di\013eren)m(t)f(directory)g(\(see)h (Section)f(1.3.1)150 3338 y([Getting)31 b(the)g(source],)g(page)g(4\).) 150 3567 y Fl(A.12.1)62 b(imp)s(ort)41 b(options)275 3761 y Ft(This)48 b(standard)i(option)g(is)f(supp)s(orted)g(b)m(y)h Fo(import)f Ft(\(see)i(Section)g(A.5)g([Common)f(options],)150 3871 y(page)31 b(88,)h(for)e(a)g(complete)h(description\):)150 4034 y Fo(-m)f Fm(message)630 4143 y Ft(Use)h Fm(message)36 b Ft(as)31 b(log)f(information,)f(instead)h(of)h(in)m(v)m(oking)e(an)h (editor.)275 4306 y(There)f(are)i(the)g(follo)m(wing)e(additional)f(sp) s(ecial)h(options.)150 4469 y Fo(-b)h Fm(branc)m(h)83 b Ft(See)31 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b(ersions)30 b(System)630 299 y Fm(name)38 b Ft(can)32 b(b)s(e)g(a)h(\014le)e(name)i(pattern)f(of)h(the)g(same)f(t)m(yp)s(e)h (that)g(y)m(ou)g(can)g(sp)s(ecify)e(in)g(the)630 408 y(`)p Fo(.cvsignore)p Ft(')d(\014le.)40 b(See)31 b(Section)f(C.9)g ([cvsignore],)h(page)g(136.)150 573 y Fo(-W)f Fm(sp)s(ec)184 b Ft(Sp)s(ecify)20 b(\014le)i(names)f(that)i(should)d(b)s(e)i (\014ltered)f(during)e(imp)s(ort.)37 b(Y)-8 b(ou)22 b(can)h(use)f(this) e(option)630 683 y(rep)s(eatedly)-8 b(.)630 820 y Fm(sp)s(ec)40 b Ft(can)c(b)s(e)e(a)h(\014le)g(name)g(pattern)g(of)g(the)g(same)h(t)m (yp)s(e)f(that)h(y)m(ou)f(can)g(sp)s(ecify)f(in)g(the)630 929 y(`)p Fo(.cvswrappers)p Ft(')28 b(\014le.)39 b(See)31 b(Section)f(C.2)h([W)-8 b(rapp)s(ers],)30 b(page)h(130.)150 1163 y Fl(A.12.2)62 b(imp)s(ort)41 b(output)275 1361 y Fo(import)33 b Ft(k)m(eeps)i(y)m(ou)g(informed)e(of)i(its)f(progress) g(b)m(y)h(prin)m(ting)e(a)i(line)e(for)h(eac)m(h)i(\014le,)g(preceded)e (b)m(y)150 1471 y(one)d(c)m(haracter)h(indicating)c(the)i(status)h(of)g (the)f(\014le:)150 1638 y Fo(U)g Fm(\014le)285 b Ft(The)36 b(\014le)f(already)g(exists)h(in)f(the)h(rep)s(ository)f(and)h(has)f (not)i(b)s(een)e(lo)s(cally)g(mo)s(di\014ed;)i(a)630 1747 y(new)30 b(revision)e(has)j(b)s(een)e(created)j(\(if)d (necessary\).)150 1912 y Fo(N)h Fm(\014le)285 b Ft(The)30 b(\014le)f(is)h(a)h(new)e(\014le)h(whic)m(h)f(has)h(b)s(een)g(added)f (to)i(the)g(rep)s(ository)-8 b(.)150 2076 y Fo(C)30 b Fm(\014le)285 b Ft(The)28 b(\014le)g(already)h(exists)f(in)g(the)h(rep) s(ository)f(but)g(has)g(b)s(een)h(lo)s(cally)e(mo)s(di\014ed;)g(y)m(ou) j(will)630 2186 y(ha)m(v)m(e)i(to)f(merge)g(the)f(c)m(hanges.)150 2350 y Fo(I)g Fm(\014le)285 b Ft(The)30 b(\014le)f(is)h(b)s(eing)f (ignored)g(\(see)j(Section)e(C.9)g([cvsignore],)h(page)g(136\).)150 2515 y Fo(L)f Fm(\014le)285 b Ft(The)31 b(\014le)f(is)g(a)i(sym)m(b)s (olic)e(link;)g Fo(cvs)f(import)h Ft(ignores)g(sym)m(b)s(olic)g(links.) 41 b(P)m(eople)32 b(p)s(erio)s(di-)630 2624 y(cally)f(suggest)h(that)h (this)d(b)s(eha)m(vior)h(should)f(b)s(e)h(c)m(hanged,)h(but)f(if)g (there)h(is)f(a)h(consensus)630 2734 y(on)41 b(what)g(it)f(should)f(b)s (e)h(c)m(hanged)i(to,)i(it)d(do)s(esn't)f(seem)i(to)f(b)s(e)f(apparen)m (t.)73 b(\(V)-8 b(arious)630 2843 y(options)25 b(in)f(the)i(`)p Fo(modules)p Ft(')e(\014le)h(can)g(b)s(e)g(used)g(to)h(recreate)i(sym)m (b)s(olic)c(links)f(on)i(c)m(hec)m(k)m(out,)630 2953 y(up)s(date,)30 b(etc.;)i(see)f(Section)f(C.1)h([mo)s(dules],)e(page)i (127.\))150 3187 y Fl(A.12.3)62 b(imp)s(ort)41 b(examples)275 3385 y Ft(See)30 b(Chapter)g(13)h([T)-8 b(rac)m(king)31 b(sources],)g(page)g(77,)g(and)f(Section)g(3.1.1)j([F)-8 b(rom)31 b(\014les],)e(page)j(29.)150 3655 y Fp(A.13)68 b(log|Prin)l(t)46 b(out)f(log)h(information)g(for)f(\014les)225 3853 y Fr(\017)60 b Ft(Synopsis:)39 b(log)30 b([options])g([\014les)6 b(.)21 b(.)i(.)11 b(])225 3990 y Fr(\017)60 b Ft(Requires:)40 b(rep)s(ository)-8 b(,)30 b(w)m(orking)f(directory)-8 b(.)225 4127 y Fr(\017)60 b Ft(Changes:)40 b(nothing.)275 4294 y(Displa)m(y)28 b(log)i(information)e(for)h(\014les.)40 b Fo(log)28 b Ft(used)h(to)h(call)f(the)h Fs(r)n(cs)e Ft(utilit)m(y)g Fo(rlog)p Ft(.)40 b(Although)28 b(this)h(is)150 4403 y(no)h(longer)f(true)g(in)g(the)g(curren)m(t)h(sources,)g(this)f (history)f(determines)h(the)h(format)g(of)f(the)h(output)g(and)150 4513 y(the)h(options,)f(whic)m(h)f(are)h(not)h(quite)f(in)f(the)h(st)m (yle)h(of)g(the)f(other)h Fs(cvs)e Ft(commands.)275 4652 y(The)d(output)g(includes)e(the)i(lo)s(cation)g(of)h(the)g Fs(r)n(cs)e Ft(\014le,)i(the)g Fm(head)i Ft(revision)c(\(the)i(latest)g (revision)e(on)150 4762 y(the)h(trunk\),)h(all)e(sym)m(b)s(olic)f (names)i(\(tags\))i(and)e(some)g(other)h(things.)38 b(F)-8 b(or)27 b(eac)m(h)g(revision,)e(the)i(revision)150 4872 y(n)m(um)m(b)s(er,)37 b(the)g(author,)h(the)e(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)f(of)i (lines)e(added/deleted)h(and)g(the)g(log)h(message)g(are)g(prin)m(ted.) 150 4981 y(All)c(times)h(are)h(displa)m(y)m(ed)e(in)g(Co)s(ordinated)h (Univ)m(ersal)f(Time)h(\(UTC\).)g(\(Other)h(parts)f(of)h Fs(cvs)e Ft(prin)m(t)150 5091 y(times)d(in)f(the)i(lo)s(cal)e (timezone\).)275 5230 y Fg(W)-8 b(arning:)64 b Fo(log)41 b Ft(uses)h(`)p Fo(-R)p Ft(')g(in)f(a)h(w)m(a)m(y)h(that)g(con\015icts) f(with)f(the)h(normal)f(use)h(inside)e Fs(cvs)h Ft(\(see)150 5340 y(Section)30 b(A.5)h([Common)g(options],)f(page)h(88\).)p eop %%Page: 107 109 107 108 bop 150 -116 a Ft(App)s(endix)28 b(A:)i(Guide)g(to)h(CVS)e (commands)1910 b(107)150 299 y Fl(A.13.1)62 b(log)42 b(options)275 496 y Ft(By)37 b(default,)i Fo(log)d Ft(prin)m(ts)g(all)g (information)g(that)h(is)g(a)m(v)-5 b(ailable.)61 b(All)36 b(other)h(options)g(restrict)g(the)150 606 y(output.)150 772 y Fo(-b)384 b Ft(Prin)m(t)24 b(information)g(ab)s(out)h(the)h (revisions)e(on)h(the)h(default)f(branc)m(h,)h(normally)d(the)j(high-) 630 881 y(est)31 b(branc)m(h)f(on)g(the)h(trunk.)150 1045 y Fo(-d)f Fm(dates)147 b Ft(Prin)m(t)31 b(information)e(ab)s(out)j (revisions)d(with)i(a)h(c)m(hec)m(kin)g(date/time)g(in)e(the)i(range)g (giv)m(en)630 1155 y(b)m(y)h(the)f(semicolon-separated)h(list)f(of)h (dates.)48 b(The)32 b(date)h(formats)g(accepted)h(are)f(those)630 1265 y(accepted)43 b(b)m(y)f(the)g(`)p Fo(-D)p Ft(')g(option)f(to)h (man)m(y)g(other)g Fs(cvs)f Ft(commands)h(\(see)g(Section)g(A.5)630 1374 y([Common)30 b(options],)g(page)h(88\).)42 b(Dates)32 b(can)f(b)s(e)f(com)m(bined)f(in)m(to)i(ranges)f(as)h(follo)m(ws:)630 1538 y Fm(d1)7 b Fo(<)p Fm(d2)630 1648 y(d2)g Fo(>)p Fm(d1)233 b Ft(Select)31 b(the)f(revisions)f(that)i(w)m(ere)f(dep)s (osited)g(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)h Fm(d1)37 b Ft(and)30 b Fm(d2)p Ft(.)630 1812 y Fo(<)p Fm(d)630 1921 y(d)t Fo(>)377 b Ft(Select)31 b(all)e(revisions)f(dated)j Fm(d)i Ft(or)e(earlier.)630 2085 y Fm(d)t Fo(<)630 2195 y(>)p Fm(d)381 b Ft(Select)31 b(all)e(revisions)f(dated)j Fm(d)i Ft(or)e(later.)630 2359 y Fm(d)429 b Ft(Select)31 b(the)f(single,)f(latest)i(revision)e (dated)i Fm(d)i Ft(or)d(earlier.)630 2523 y(The)j(`)p Fo(>)p Ft(')g(or)g(`)p Fo(<)p Ft(')g(c)m(haracters)i(ma)m(y)e(b)s(e)g (follo)m(w)m(ed)g(b)m(y)f(`)p Fo(=)p Ft(')i(to)g(indicate)e(an)h (inclusiv)m(e)e(range)630 2632 y(rather)f(than)g(an)h(exclusiv)m(e)e (one.)630 2769 y(Note)j(that)f(the)f(separator)h(is)f(a)g(semicolon)g (\(;\).)150 2933 y Fo(-h)384 b Ft(Prin)m(t)32 b(only)h(the)g(name)h(of) f(the)h Fs(r)n(cs)e Ft(\014le,)i(name)f(of)h(the)f(\014le)g(in)f(the)h (w)m(orking)g(directory)-8 b(,)630 3043 y(head,)30 b(default)g(branc)m (h,)g(access)i(list,)d(lo)s(c)m(ks,)h(sym)m(b)s(olic)f(names,)i(and)f (su\016x.)150 3207 y Fo(-l)384 b Ft(Lo)s(cal;)30 b(run)f(only)h(in)f (curren)m(t)h(w)m(orking)g(directory)-8 b(.)40 b(\(Default)31 b(is)f(to)h(run)e(recursiv)m(ely\).)150 3371 y Fo(-N)384 b Ft(Do)33 b(not)g(prin)m(t)e(the)i(list)e(of)h(tags)i(for)e(this)f (\014le.)46 b(This)31 b(option)h(can)h(b)s(e)e(v)m(ery)i(useful)e(when) 630 3480 y(y)m(our)44 b(site)f(uses)h(a)g(lot)g(of)g(tags,)k(so)c (rather)g(than)f Fo(")p Ft(more)p Fo(")p Ft('ing)g(o)m(v)m(er)i(3)f (pages)h(of)f(tag)630 3590 y(information,)29 b(the)h(log)h(information) e(is)g(presen)m(ted)h(without)g(tags)h(at)g(all.)150 3754 y Fo(-R)384 b Ft(Prin)m(t)29 b(only)h(the)g(name)h(of)f(the)h Fs(r)n(cs)e Ft(\014le.)150 3918 y Fo(-r)p Fm(revisions)630 4027 y Ft(Prin)m(t)23 b(information)f(ab)s(out)h(revisions)f(giv)m(en)i (in)e(the)i(comma-separated)i(list)c Fm(revisions)k Ft(of)630 4137 y(revisions)i(and)i(ranges.)41 b(The)29 b(follo)m(wing)g(table)h (explains)e(the)i(a)m(v)-5 b(ailable)30 b(range)g(formats:)630 4301 y Fm(rev1)7 b Fo(:)p Fm(rev2)87 b Ft(Revisions)29 b Fm(rev1)38 b Ft(to)31 b Fm(rev2)38 b Ft(\(whic)m(h)29 b(m)m(ust)i(b)s(e)e(on)i(the)f(same)h(branc)m(h\).)630 4465 y Fo(:)p Fm(rev)308 b Ft(Revisions)22 b(from)h(the)h(b)s(eginning) d(of)i(the)h(branc)m(h)f(up)f(to)j(and)e(including)d Fm(rev)p Ft(.)630 4629 y Fm(rev)8 b Fo(:)300 b Ft(Revisions)23 b(starting)h(with)g Fm(rev)32 b Ft(to)25 b(the)g(end)f(of)h(the)g (branc)m(h)f(con)m(taining)g Fm(rev)p Ft(.)630 4793 y Fm(branc)m(h)209 b Ft(An)30 b(argumen)m(t)h(that)g(is)e(a)i(branc)m(h)f (means)g(all)f(revisions)g(on)h(that)h(branc)m(h.)630 4957 y Fm(branc)m(h1)7 b Fo(:)p Fm(branc)m(h2)1110 5066 y Ft(A)40 b(range)g(of)g(branc)m(hes)f(means)h(all)f(revisions)f(on)h (the)h(branc)m(hes)g(in)e(that)1110 5176 y(range.)630 5340 y Fm(branc)m(h)p Fo(.)161 b Ft(The)30 b(latest)h(revision)d(in)i Fm(branc)m(h)p Ft(.)p eop %%Page: 108 110 108 109 bop 150 -116 a Ft(108)2066 b(CVS|Concurren)m(t)29 b(V)-8 b(ersions)30 b(System)630 299 y(A)j(bare)g(`)p Fo(-r)p Ft(')g(with)e(no)i(revisions)e(means)i(the)g(latest)h(revision) d(on)i(the)g(default)f(branc)m(h,)630 408 y(normally)37 b(the)j(trunk.)66 b(There)39 b(can)h(b)s(e)e(no)i(space)f(b)s(et)m(w)m (een)h(the)g(`)p Fo(-r)p Ft(')f(option)g(and)g(its)630 518 y(argumen)m(t.)150 678 y Fo(-s)30 b Fm(states)127 b Ft(Prin)m(t)22 b(information)f(ab)s(out)i(revisions)e(whose)h(state)i 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b(and)f(do)s(esn't)g(require)g(a) 150 3356 y(prior)g(c)m(hec)m(k)m(out.\))43 b(The)30 b(di\013)f(output)h (is)g(sen)m(t)g(to)i(the)e(standard)g(output)g(device.)275 3491 y(Y)-8 b(ou)25 b(can)g(sp)s(ecify)e(\(using)h(the)h(standard)f(`)p Fo(-r)p Ft(')g(and)h(`)p Fo(-D)p Ft(')f(options\))h(an)m(y)g(com)m (bination)f(of)h(one)g(or)g(t)m(w)m(o)150 3601 y(revisions)i(or)i (dates.)40 b(If)29 b(only)f(one)h(revision)e(or)i(date)g(is)f(sp)s (eci\014ed,)g(the)h(patc)m(h)g(\014le)f(re\015ects)i(di\013erences)150 3710 y(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)h(that)g(revision)e(or)h(date)h(and)f(the)g (curren)m(t)g(head)h(revisions)d(in)h(the)i Fs(r)n(cs)e Ft(\014le.)275 3845 y(Note)34 b(that)f(if)f(the)h(soft)m(w)m(are)h (release)g(a\013ected)g(is)e(con)m(tained)h(in)f(more)h(than)f(one)i (directory)-8 b(,)33 b(then)150 3955 y(it)i(ma)m(y)h(b)s(e)e(necessary) i(to)g(sp)s(ecify)d(the)j(`)p Fo(-p)p Ft(')f(option)g(to)g(the)h Fo(patch)e Ft(command)h(when)f(patc)m(hing)h(the)150 4064 y(old)30 b(sources,)g(so)h(that)g 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b(Chapter)f(12)i([Keyw)m(ord)f (substitution],)630 3890 y(page)c(73.)41 b(This)28 b(option)i(is)f (stic)m(ky;)h(future)g(up)s(dates)f(of)h(this)f(\014le)g(in)f(this)h(w) m(orking)h(direc-)630 3999 y(tory)35 b(will)d(use)i(the)h(same)g Fm(k\015ag)p Ft(.)53 b(The)34 b Fo(status)f Ft(command)h(can)h(b)s(e)f (view)m(ed)g(to)i(see)f(the)630 4109 y(stic)m(ky)24 b(options.)38 b(See)25 b(App)s(endix)c(B)k([In)m(v)m(oking)f(CVS],)g(page)h(115,)i (for)d(more)h(information)630 4219 y(on)30 b(the)h Fo(status)d Ft(command.)150 4377 y Fo(-l)384 b Ft(Lo)s(cal;)31 b(run)f(only)g(in)g (curren)m(t)h(w)m(orking)f(directory)-8 b(.)43 b(See)31 b(Chapter)f(6)i([Recursiv)m(e)f(b)s(eha)m(v-)630 4487 y(ior],)f(page)h(49.)150 4645 y Fo(-P)384 b Ft(Prune)29 b(empt)m(y)i(directories.)40 b(See)30 b(Section)h(7.5)g([Mo)m(ving)g (directories],)f(page)h(55.)150 4804 y Fo(-p)384 b Ft(Pip)s(e)29 b(\014les)g(to)i(the)g(standard)e(output.)150 4962 y Fo(-R)384 b Ft(Up)s(date)37 b(directories)g(recursiv)m(ely)f 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Fm(status)116 b Ft(Assign)42 b(a)h(status)h(to)f(the)g(mo)s(dule.)77 b(When)43 b(the)g(mo)s(dule)e (\014le)h(is)g(prin)m(ted)g(with)g(`)p Fo(cvs)630 4514 y(checkout)28 b(-s)p Ft(')c(the)g(mo)s(dules)f(are)i(sorted)f (according)g(to)h(primarily)c(mo)s(dule)h(status,)27 b(and)630 4624 y(secondarily)i(according)h(to)g(the)h(mo)s(dule)d (name.)41 b(This)28 b(option)h(has)h(no)g(other)g(meaning.)630 4734 y(Y)-8 b(ou)33 b(can)f(use)g(this)f(option)h(for)g(sev)m(eral)g (things)f(b)s(esides)g(status:)44 b(for)32 b(instance,)h(list)e(the)630 4843 y(p)s(erson)e(that)i(is)f(resp)s(onsible)d(for)j(this)f(mo)s (dule.)150 5011 y Fo(-t)h Fm(prog)177 b Ft(Sp)s(ecify)23 b(a)i(program)f Fm(prog)33 b Ft(to)25 b(run)e(whenev)m(er)i(\014les)e (in)g(a)i(mo)s(dule)e(are)i(tagged)i(with)c Fo(rtag)p Ft(.)630 5121 y Fm(prog)31 b Ft(runs)22 b(with)h(t)m(w)m(o)i(argumen)m (ts:)37 b(the)24 b(mo)s(dule)e(name)i(and)f(the)h(sym)m(b)s(olic)e(tag) j(sp)s(eci\014ed)630 5230 y(to)g Fo(rtag)p Ft(.)37 b(It)24 b(is)f(not)h(run)e(when)h Fo(tag)g Ft(is)g(executed.)39 b(Generally)23 b(y)m(ou)h(will)d(\014nd)h(that)j(taginfo)630 5340 y(is)k(a)i(b)s(etter)g(solution)e(\(see)i(Section)f(8.3)i ([user-de\014ned)d(logging],)h(page)h(57\).)p eop %%Page: 130 132 130 131 bop 150 -116 a Ft(130)2066 b(CVS|Concurren)m(t)29 b(V)-8 b(ersions)30 b(System)150 299 y Fo(-u)g Fm(prog)177 b Ft(Sp)s(ecify)23 b(a)i(program)f Fm(prog)33 b Ft(to)25 b(run)e(whenev)m(er)h(`)p Fo(cvs)30 b(update)p Ft(')23 b(is)h(executed)h(from)g(the)f(top-)630 408 y(lev)m(el)35 b(directory)f(of)h(the)g(c)m(hec)m(k)m(ed-out)j(mo)s(dule.)53 b Fm(prog)42 b Ft(runs)34 b(with)f(a)j(single)d(argumen)m(t,)630 518 y(the)e(full)d(path)i(to)h(the)f(source)h(rep)s(ository)e(for)h (this)g(mo)s(dule.)275 678 y(Y)-8 b(ou)37 b(should)d(also)j(see)g(see)h (Section)e(C.1.6)i([Mo)s(dule)e(program)g(options],)i(page)g(130)g(ab)s (out)e(ho)m(w)150 788 y(the)31 b(\\program)f(options")g(programs)g(are) h(run.)150 1013 y Fl(C.1.6)62 b(Ho)m(w)40 b(the)h(mo)s(dules)h(\014le)f (\\program)h(options")g(programs)g(are)e(run)150 1206 y Ft(F)-8 b(or)43 b(c)m(hec)m(k)m(out,)49 b(rtag,)e(and)42 b(exp)s(ort,)k(the)d(program)f(is)g(serv)m(er-based,)k(and)c(as)h(suc)m (h)g(the)f(follo)m(wing)150 1316 y(applies:-)275 1451 y(If)35 b(using)f(remote)i(access)h(metho)s(ds)e(\(pserv)m(er,)j(ext,)f (etc.\),)i(CVS)c(will)e(execute)k(this)e(program)g(on)150 1561 y(the)c(serv)m(er)f(from)g(a)h(temp)s(orary)f(directory)-8 b(.)40 b(The)30 b(path)g(is)g(searc)m(hed)h(for)f(this)f(program.)275 1696 y(If)k(using)g(\\lo)s(cal)h(access")i(\(on)e(a)h(lo)s(cal)e(or)h (remote)h(NFS)f(\014lesystem,)h(i.e.)52 b(rep)s(ository)33 b(set)i(just)e(to)150 1805 y(a)h(path\),)g(the)g(program)f(will)e(b)s (e)i(executed)h(from)f(the)h(newly)e(c)m(hec)m(k)m(ed-out)k(tree,)f(if) d(found)g(there,)j(or)150 1915 y(alternativ)m(ely)30 b(searc)m(hed)h(for)f(in)f(the)i(path)f(if)f(not.)150 2050 y(The)h(commit)g(and)g(up)s(date)f(programs)h(are)h(lo)s 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Fp(C.2)68 b(The)44 b(cvswrapp)t(ers)h(\014le)275 3320 y Ft(W)-8 b(rapp)s(ers)36 b(refers)h(to)h(a)f Fs(cvs)f Ft(feature)i(whic)m(h)e(lets)h(y)m(ou)g(con)m(trol)h(certain)f (settings)g(based)g(on)g(the)150 3430 y(name)31 b(of)g(the)g(\014le)g (whic)m(h)e(is)h(b)s(eing)g(op)s(erated)h(on.)43 b(The)30 b(settings)h(are)g(`)p Fo(-k)p Ft(')g(for)g(binary)e(\014les,)i(and)f (`)p Fo(-m)p Ft(')150 3539 y(for)g(nonmergeable)g(text)i(\014les.)275 3674 y(The)26 b(`)p Fo(-m)p Ft(')g(option)g(sp)s(eci\014es)f(the)i (merge)g(metho)s(dology)g(that)g(should)e(b)s(e)h(used)f(when)h(a)h (non-binary)150 3784 y(\014le)33 b(is)g(up)s(dated.)50 b Fo(MERGE)32 b Ft(means)i(the)g(usual)e Fs(cvs)h Ft(b)s(eha)m(vior:)47 b(try)33 b(to)i(merge)f(the)g(\014les.)50 b Fo(COPY)33 b Ft(means)150 3893 y(that)h Fo(cvs)29 b(update)i Ft(will)g(refuse)h (to)i(merge)f(\014les,)g(as)g(it)g(also)f(do)s(es)h(for)g(\014les)f(sp) s(eci\014ed)f(as)i(binary)e(with)150 4003 y(`)p Fo(-kb)p Ft(')25 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y(more)g(on)f(binary)e(\014les.) 275 4796 y(The)h(basic)h(format)h(of)f(the)h(\014le)e(`)p Fo(cvswrappers)p Ft(')f(is:)390 4925 y Fo(wildcard)236 b([option)46 b(value][option)e(value]...)390 5132 y(where)i(option)g (is)i(one)f(of)390 5340 y(-m)524 b(update)47 b(methodology)283 b(value:)46 b(MERGE)g(or)i(COPY)p eop %%Page: 131 133 131 132 bop 150 -116 a Ft(App)s(endix)28 b(C:)i(Reference)h(man)m(ual)f (for)g(Administrativ)m(e)e(\014les)1276 b(131)390 299 y Fo(-k)524 b(keyword)46 b(expansion)332 b(value:)46 b(expansion)f(mode)390 506 y(and)i(value)f(is)h(a)h(single-quote)c (delimited)i(value.)275 646 y Ft(F)-8 b(or)26 b(example,)h(the)e(follo) m(wing)g(command)g(imp)s(orts)f(a)i(directory)-8 b(,)27 b(treating)f(\014les)e(whose)i(name)g(ends)150 756 y(in)j(`)p Fo(.exe)p Ft(')h(as)g(binary:)390 890 y Fo(cvs)47 b(import)f(-I)h(!)h (-W)f("*.exe)f(-k)h('b'")g(first-dir)e(vendortag)g(reltag)150 1161 y Fp(C.3)68 b(The)44 b(commit)i(supp)t(ort)e(\014les)275 1359 y Ft(The)32 b(`)p Fo(-i)p 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3769 y(page)31 b(7.)150 3952 y Fo(ci:)e Fm(\014le)p Fo(,v:)g(bad)h(diff)f(output)f(line:)h (Binary)g(files)g(-)h(and)g(/tmp/T2a22651)c(differ)630 4061 y Ft(CVS)39 b(1.9)i(and)e(older)g(will)e(prin)m(t)h(this)g (message)j(when)e(trying)g(to)h(c)m(hec)m(k)h(in)e(a)h(binary)630 4171 y(\014le)35 b(if)h Fs(r)n(cs)f Ft(is)h(not)g(correctly)h (installed.)56 b(Re-read)37 b(the)g(instructions)d(that)j(came)g(with) 630 4281 y(y)m(our)27 b Fs(r)n(cs)f Ft(distribution)d(and)j(the)h Fs(inst)-6 b(all)26 b Ft(\014le)g(in)g(the)h Fs(cvs)f Ft(distribution.)36 b(Alternately)-8 b(,)630 4390 y(upgrade)29 b(to)i(a)g(curren)m(t)f(v)m(ersion)f(of)h Fs(cvs)p Ft(,)g(whic)m(h)e(c) m(hec)m(ks)k(in)d(\014les)g(itself)g(rather)h(than)f(via)630 4500 y Fs(r)n(cs)p Ft(.)150 4682 y Fo(cvs)g(checkout:)f(could)h(not)h (check)f(out)g Fm(\014le)630 4792 y Ft(With)37 b(CVS)g(1.9,)k(this)c (can)h(mean)f(that)i(the)f Fo(co)f Ft(program)g(\(part)h(of)g Fs(r)n(cs)p Ft(\))f(returned)g(a)630 4902 y(failure.)54 b(It)35 b(should)f(b)s(e)g(preceded)h(b)m(y)h(another)f(error)g (message,)j(ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er)f(it)e(has)g(b)s(een)630 5011 y(observ)m(ed)d(without)f(another)i(error)e(message)i(and)f(the)g (cause)h(is)e(not)h(w)m(ell-understo)s(o)s(d.)630 5121 y(With)27 b(the)g(curren)m(t)g(v)m(ersion)f(of)i(CVS,)e(whic)m(h)g(do)s (es)h(not)g(run)f Fo(co)p Ft(,)h(if)f(this)g(message)i(o)s(ccurs)630 5230 y(without)41 b(another)g(error)h(message,)j(it)c(is)g (de\014nitely)f(a)i(CVS)e(bug)h(\(see)i(App)s(endix)c(H)630 5340 y([BUGS],)31 b(page)h(155\).)p eop %%Page: 147 149 147 148 bop 150 -116 a Ft(App)s(endix)28 b(F:)j(T)-8 b(roublesho)s(oting)2288 b(147)150 299 y Fo(cvs)29 b([login)g (aborted]:)f(could)h(not)g(find)h(out)f(home)g(directory)630 408 y Ft(This)43 b(means)h(that)h(y)m(ou)g(need)f(to)i(set)f(the)f(en)m (vironmen)m(t)g(v)-5 b(ariables)44 b(that)h(CVS)e(uses)630 518 y(to)g(lo)s(cate)f(y)m(our)g(home)g(directory)-8 b(.)74 b(See)42 b(the)g(discussion)e(of)h Fo(HOME)p Ft(,)j Fo(HOMEDRIVE)p Ft(,)f(and)630 628 y Fo(HOMEPATH)28 b Ft(in)h(App)s(endix)f(D)j([En)m(vironmen)m(t)e(v)-5 b(ariables],)30 b(page)h(141.)150 810 y Fo(cvs)e(update:)g(could)g(not)g(merge)g (revision)f Fm(rev)38 b Fo(of)30 b Fm(\014le)5 b Fo(:)29 b(No)h(such)f(file)h(or)f(directory)630 920 y Ft(CVS)35 b(1.9)j(and)d(older)h(will)d(prin)m(t)i(this)g(message)j(if)d(there)h (w)m(as)h(a)f(problem)f(\014nding)f(the)630 1029 y Fo(rcsmerge)28 b Ft(program.)40 b(Mak)m(e)32 b(sure)e(that)h(it)f(is)f(in)g(y)m(our)h Fo(PATH)p Ft(,)g(or)g(upgrade)f(to)i(a)g(curren)m(t)630 1139 y(v)m(ersion)f(of)g(CVS,)g(whic)m(h)f(do)s(es)h(not)h(require)e (an)h(external)h Fo(rcsmerge)d Ft(program.)150 1322 y Fo(cvs)h([update)g(aborted]:)f(could)h(not)g(patch)g Fm(\014le)5 b Fo(:)29 b(No)h(such)f(file)h(or)f(directory)630 1431 y Ft(This)k(means)i(that)h(there)f(w)m(as)g(a)h(problem)d (\014nding)g(the)i Fo(patch)f Ft(program.)54 b(Mak)m(e)37 b(sure)630 1541 y(that)45 b(it)e(is)h(in)f(y)m(our)h Fo(PATH)p Ft(.)81 b(Note)45 b(that)g(despite)e(app)s(earances)h(the)h (message)g(is)e Fn(not)630 1650 y Ft(referring)22 b(to)j(whether)e(it)h (can)g(\014nd)f Fm(\014le)p Ft(.)37 b(If)24 b(b)s(oth)f(the)h(clien)m (t)g(and)f(the)h(serv)m(er)g(are)h(running)630 1760 y(a)34 b(curren)m(t)e(v)m(ersion)h(of)g Fs(cvs)p Ft(,)g(then)g(there)g(is)g (no)g(need)g(for)f(an)h(external)g(patc)m(h)h(program)630 1870 y(and)g(y)m(ou)h(should)e(not)i(see)h(this)d(message.)56 b(But)35 b(if)e(either)i(clien)m(t)f(or)h(serv)m(er)g(is)f(running)630 1979 y Fs(cvs)29 b Ft(1.9,)j(then)e(y)m(ou)h(need)f Fo(patch)p Ft(.)150 2162 y Fo(cvs)f(update:)g(could)g(not)g(patch)g Fm(\014le)5 b Fo(;)30 b(will)f(refetch)630 2271 y Ft(This)36 b(means)i(that)h(for)f(whatev)m(er)g(reason)h(the)f(clien)m(t)f(w)m(as) i(unable)d(to)j(apply)e(a)h(patc)m(h)630 2381 y(that)e(the)f(serv)m(er) g(sen)m(t.)55 b(The)35 b(message)h(is)e(nothing)g(to)h(b)s(e)g (concerned)g(ab)s(out,)h(b)s(ecause)630 2491 y(inabilit)m(y)29 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3623 y Fo(end)e(of)h(file)f(from)h(server)e(\(consult)g(above)h (messages)f(if)i(any\))630 3733 y Ft(The)36 b(most)g(common)h(cause)f (for)g(this)f(message)j(is)d(if)g(y)m(ou)h(are)h(using)e(an)h(external) g Fo(rsh)630 3842 y Ft(program)43 b(and)f(it)h(exited)g(with)f(an)h (error.)78 b(In)42 b(this)g(case)j(the)e Fo(rsh)f Ft(program)h(should) 630 3952 y(ha)m(v)m(e)30 b(prin)m(ted)d(a)i(message,)h(whic)m(h)d(will) f(app)s(ear)i(b)s(efore)g(the)h(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)g(message.)42 b(F)-8 b(or)29 b(more)630 4061 y(information)42 b(on)h(setting)h(up)f (a)h Fs(cvs)e Ft(clien)m(t)i(and)f(serv)m(er,)k(see)d(Section)g(2.9)g ([Remote)630 4171 y(rep)s(ositories],)29 b(page)i(19.)150 4354 y Fo(cvs)e([update)g(aborted]:)f(EOF)h(in)h(key)f(in)h(RCS)g(file) f Fm(\014le)p Fo(,v)150 4463 y(cvs)g([checkout)f(aborted]:)g(EOF)i (while)f(looking)f(for)h(end)h(of)g(string)e(in)i(RCS)g(file)f Fm(\014le)p Fo(,v)630 4573 y Ft(This)34 b(means)j(that)f(there)h(is)e (a)i(syn)m(tax)g(error)e(in)g(the)i(giv)m(en)f 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Ft(\014nds)g(the)h(syn)m(tax)h(error.) p eop %%Page: 148 150 148 149 bop 150 -116 a Ft(148)2066 b(CVS|Concurren)m(t)29 b(V)-8 b(ersions)30 b(System)150 299 y Fo(cvs)f(commit:)g(Executing)f ('mkmodules')630 408 y Ft(This)f(means)h(that)h(y)m(our)g(rep)s (ository)e(is)g(set)i(up)f(for)g(a)h(v)m(ersion)f(of)h Fs(cvs)e Ft(prior)g(to)i Fs(cvs)f Ft(1.8.)630 518 y(When)i(using)f Fs(cvs)g Ft(1.8)j(or)e(later,)h(the)f(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)i(message)g(will) 27 b(b)s(e)j(preceded)g(b)m(y)870 646 y Fo(cvs)47 b(commit:)f (Rebuilding)f(administrative)f(file)i(database)630 779 y Ft(If)d(y)m(ou)h(see)g(b)s(oth)f(messages,)48 b(the)43 b(database)i(is)d(b)s(eing)g(rebuilt)g(t)m(wice,)47 b(whic)m(h)42 b(is)h(un-)630 889 y(necessary)d(but)f(harmless.)68 b(If)39 b(y)m(ou)i(wish)d(to)i(a)m(v)m(oid)g(the)h(duplication,)e(and)h(y)m(ou) g(ha)m(v)m(e)630 998 y(no)f(v)m(ersions)f(of)g Fs(cvs)g Ft(1.7)i(or)f(earlier)e(in)h(use,)i(remo)m(v)m(e)g Fo(-i)30 b(mkmodules)36 b Ft(ev)m(ery)k(place)e(it)630 1108 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(e)h(mist)m(yp)s(ed)e(a)h(tag)h(name;)h(ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er)f(there)f(are) g(\(relativ)m(ely)f(obscure\))h(cases)630 2299 y(in)29 b(whic)m(h)g Fs(cvs)g Ft(will)f(require)h(y)m(ou)h(to)h(try)f(a)h(few)f (other)g Fs(cvs)g Ft(commands)g(in)m(v)m(olving)e(that)630 2409 y(tag,)i(b)s(efore)d(y)m(ou)h(\014nd)e(one)i(whic)m(h)f(will)e (cause)j Fs(cvs)f Ft(to)i(up)s(date)d(the)i(`)p Fo(val-tags)p Ft(')e(\014le;)i(see)630 2519 y(discussion)e(of)i(v)-5 b(al-tags)29 b(in)e(Section)h(2.2.2)i([File)e(p)s(ermissions],)e(page)j (9.)40 b(Y)-8 b(ou)29 b(only)e(need)630 2628 y(to)32 b(w)m(orry)f(ab)s(out)g(this)f(once)i(for)f(a)g(giv)m(en)g(tag;)i(when) e(a)g(tag)i(is)d(listed)g(in)f(`)p Fo(val-tags)p Ft(',)h(it)630 2738 y(sta)m(ys)j(there.)45 b(Note)34 b(that)e(using)f(`)p Fo(-f)p Ft(')g(to)i(not)f(require)f(tag)i(matc)m(hes)g(do)s(es)f(not)g (o)m(v)m(erride)630 2847 y(this)d(c)m(hec)m(k;)j(see)f(Section)g(A.5)g ([Common)f(options],)g(page)h(88.)150 3005 y Fo(*PANIC*)d (administration)f(files)i(missing)630 3114 y Ft(This)42 b(t)m(ypically)h(means)h(that)h(there)f(is)f(a)i(directory)e(named)h (CVS)f(but)g(it)h(do)s(es)g(not)630 3224 y(con)m(tain)e(the)f (administrativ)m(e)f(\014les)g(whic)m(h)g(CVS)h(puts)f(in)g(a)i(CVS)e (directory)-8 b(.)74 b(If)41 b(the)630 3334 y(problem)33 b(is)g(that)i(y)m(ou)f(created)i(a)e(CVS)g(directory)g(via)f(some)i (mec)m(hanism)f(other)g(than)630 3443 y(CVS,)25 b(then)h(the)g(answ)m (er)f(is)g(simple,)g(use)g(a)i(name)e(other)h(than)g(CVS.)f(If)h(not,)h (it)e(indicates)630 3553 y(a)31 b(CVS)e(bug)h(\(see)h(App)s(endix)d(H)j ([BUGS],)g(page)g(155\).)150 3710 y Fo(rcs)e(error:)g(Unknown)g (option:)f(-x,v/)630 3820 y Ft(This)k(message)i(will)d(b)s(e)i(follo)m (w)m(ed)g(b)m(y)g(a)h(usage)g(message)h(for)e Fs(r)n(cs)p Ft(.)49 b(It)33 b(means)h(that)g(y)m(ou)630 3929 y(ha)m(v)m(e)e(an)e (old)g(v)m(ersion)g(of)g Fs(r)n(cs)g Ft(\(probably)f(supplied)e(with)i (y)m(our)i(op)s(erating)e(system\),)j(as)630 4039 y(w)m(ell)25 b(as)g(an)h(old)f(v)m(ersion)g(of)h Fs(cvs)p Ft(.)38 b Fs(cvs)25 b Ft(1.9.18)i(and)e(earlier)g(only)g(w)m(ork)g(with)g Fs(r)n(cs)f Ft(v)m(ersion)630 4148 y(5)31 b(and)f(later;)g(curren)m(t)g (v)m(ersions)g(of)h Fs(cvs)e Ft(do)h(not)h(run)e Fs(r)n(cs)g Ft(programs.)150 4306 y Fo(cvs)g([server)g(aborted]:)f(received)g (broken)g(pipe)i(signal)630 4415 y Ft(This)k(message)k(seems)e(to)h(b)s (e)f(caused)g(b)m(y)g(a)h(hard-to-trac)m(k-do)m(wn)h(bug)d(in)g Fs(cvs)h Ft(or)g(the)630 4525 y(systems)29 b(it)f(runs)f(on)h(\(w)m(e)h (don't)g(kno)m(w|w)m(e)g(ha)m(v)m(en't)h(trac)m(k)m(ed)g(it)e(do)m(wn)g (y)m(et!\).)42 b(It)29 b(seems)630 4635 y(to)e(happ)s(en)e(only)h (after)h(a)g Fs(cvs)f Ft(command)g(has)g(completed,)i(and)e(y)m(ou)h (should)d(b)s(e)i(able)g(to)630 4744 y(just)20 b(ignore)h(the)g (message.)39 b(Ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)25 b(if)20 b(y)m(ou)i(ha)m(v)m(e)g (disco)m(v)m(ered)f(information)f(concerning)630 4854 y(its)30 b(cause,)h(please)f(let)g(us)g(kno)m(w)g(as)h(describ)s(ed)d (in)h(App)s(endix)f(H)j([BUGS],)g(page)g(155.)150 5011 y Fo(Too)e(many)h(arguments!)630 5121 y Ft(This)20 b(message)i(is)e(t)m (ypically)h(prin)m(ted)e(b)m(y)j(the)f(`)p Fo(log.pl)p Ft(')f(script)g(whic)m(h)h(is)f(in)g(the)h(`)p Fo(contrib)p Ft(')630 5230 y(directory)28 b(in)g(the)h Fs(cvs)f Ft(source)h (distribution.)37 b(In)28 b(some)i(v)m(ersions)e(of)h Fs(cvs)p Ft(,)f(`)p Fo(log.pl)p Ft(')g(has)630 5340 y(b)s(een)j(part)g (of)g(the)h(default)e Fs(cvs)h Ft(installation.)41 b(The)31 b(`)p Fo(log.pl)p Ft(')f(script)h(gets)h(called)e(from)p eop %%Page: 149 151 149 150 bop 150 -116 a Ft(App)s(endix)28 b(F:)j(T)-8 b(roublesho)s(oting)2288 b(149)630 299 y(the)22 b(`)p Fo(loginfo)p Ft(')e(administrativ)m(e)f(\014le.)37 b(Chec)m(k)22 b(that)g(the)g(argumen)m(ts)f(passed)g(in)f(`)p Fo(loginfo)p Ft(')630 408 y(matc)m(h)32 b(what)e(y)m(our)h(v)m(ersion)f(of)h(`)p Fo(log.pl)p Ft(')e(exp)s(ects.)43 b(In)30 b(particular,)f(the)i(`)p Fo(log.pl)p Ft(')e(from)630 518 y Fs(cvs)c Ft(1.3)j(and)e(older)f(exp)s 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b(\014nd)g(the)h(log)h(\014le)e(whic)m(h)g(inetd)g(writes)h(\(`)p Fo(/var/log/messages)p Ft(')c(or)k(whatev)m(er)630 1594 y(inetd)25 b(uses)h(on)h(y)m(our)f(system\).)40 b(F)-8 b(or)27 b(details,)g(see)g(Section)f(F.2)i([Connection],)f(page)g(150,) 630 1703 y(and)j(Section)g(2.9.3.1)j([P)m(assw)m(ord)e(authen)m (tication)f(serv)m(er],)h(page)g(21.)150 1857 y Fo(cvs)e(server:)g (cannot)g(open)g(/root/.cvsignore:)c(Permission)j(denied)150 1967 y(cvs)h([server)g(aborted]:)f(can't)h(chdir\(/root\):)d (Permission)i(denied)630 2077 y Ft(See)j(Section)f(F.2)h([Connection],) g(page)g(150.)150 2231 y Fo(cvs)e(commit:)g(Up-to-date)e(check)i (failed)g(for)h(`)p Fm(\014le)5 b Fo(')630 2340 y Ft(This)24 b(means)h(that)h(someone)h(else)e(has)g(committed)h(a)g(c)m(hange)g(to) h(that)f(\014le)e(since)h(the)h(last)630 2450 y(time)34 b(that)i(y)m(ou)f(did)d(a)j Fo(cvs)30 b(update)p Ft(.)52 b(So)34 b(b)s(efore)h(pro)s(ceeding)e(with)h(y)m(our)g Fo(cvs)c(commit)630 2560 y Ft(y)m(ou)j(need)g(to)h Fo(cvs)29 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b(P)m(eople)31 b(probably)d(do)j(w)m(an)m(t)g(to)g(hear)g(ab)s(out)f (bugs)g(whic)m(h)f(are)i(particularly)330 4573 y(sev)m(ere)36 b(in)e(consequences)i(and/or)f(easy)g(to)h(\014x,)g(ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er.) 56 b(Y)-8 b(ou)36 b(can)f(also)g(increase)g(y)m(our)g(o)s(dds)330 4682 y(b)m(y)29 b(b)s(eing)f(as)i(clear)g(as)f(p)s(ossible)e(ab)s(out)i (the)h(exact)h(nature)e(of)h(the)f(bug)g(and)g(an)m(y)h(other)g(relev) -5 b(an)m(t)330 4792 y(information.)39 b(The)29 b(w)m(a)m(y)h(to)g(rep) s(ort)f(bugs)g(is)g(to)h(send)e(email)h(to)h Fo(bug-cvs@gnu.org)p Ft(.)37 b(Note)30 b(that)330 4902 y(submissions)22 b(to)k Fo(bug-cvs)d Ft(ma)m(y)j(b)s(e)f(distributed)d(under)i(the)i(terms)f (of)g(the)h Fs(gnu)f Ft(Public)e(License,)330 5011 y(so)h(if)f(y)m(ou)i (don't)f(lik)m(e)f(this,)i(don't)f(submit)e(them.)39 b(There)23 b(is)g(usually)f(no)i(justi\014cation)f(for)h(sending)330 5121 y(mail)k(directly)g(to)i(one)g(of)f(the)h Fs(cvs)f Ft(main)m(tainers)f(rather)h(than)g(to)h Fo(bug-cvs)p Ft(;)e(those)i(main)m(tainers)330 5230 y(who)40 b(w)m(an)m(t)h(to)g (hear)f(ab)s(out)g(suc)m(h)g(bug)g(rep)s(orts)f(read)i Fo(bug-cvs)p Ft(.)68 b(Also)40 b(note)h(that)g(sending)e(a)330 5340 y(bug)e(rep)s(ort)g(to)i(other)f(mailing)e(lists)g(or)i (newsgroups)e(is)h Fn(not)47 b Ft(a)38 b(substitute)f(for)h(sending)e (it)h(to)p eop %%Page: 156 158 156 157 bop 150 -116 a Ft(156)2066 b(CVS|Concurren)m(t)29 b(V)-8 b(ersions)30 b(System)330 299 y Fo(bug-cvs)p Ft(.)54 b(It)36 b(is)f(\014ne)g(to)h(discuss)e Fs(cvs)g Ft(bugs)h(on)h(whatev)m (er)g(forum)f(y)m(ou)h(prefer,)g(but)f(there)h(are)330 408 y(not)31 b(necessarily)e(an)m(y)i(main)m(tainers)e(reading)g(bug)h (rep)s(orts)g(sen)m(t)h(an)m(ywhere)f(except)h Fo(bug-cvs)p Ft(.)275 593 y(P)m(eople)f(often)h(ask)f(if)g(there)g(is)f(a)i(list)e (of)h(kno)m(wn)g(bugs)g(or)g(whether)g(a)g(particular)f(bug)g(is)h(a)g (kno)m(wn)150 702 y(one.)45 b(The)31 b(\014le)g Fs(bugs)g Ft(in)f(the)i Fs(cvs)f Ft(source)h(distribution)c(is)i(one)i(list)e(of) i(kno)m(wn)f(bugs,)h(but)f(it)g(do)s(esn't)150 812 y(necessarily)d(try) g(to)h(b)s(e)f(comprehensiv)m(e.)40 b(P)m(erhaps)28 b(there)h(will)d (nev)m(er)j(b)s(e)f(a)h(comprehensiv)m(e,)g(detailed)150 922 y(list)g(of)i(kno)m(wn)e(bugs.)p eop %%Page: 157 159 157 158 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Index)3241 b(157)150 299 y Fq(Index)150 623 y Fp(!)150 761 y Fe(!,)26 b(in)g(mo)r(dules)f(\014le) 11 b Fd(.)i(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)37 b Fe(129)150 1045 y Fp(#)150 1183 y Fe(#cvs.lo)r(c)n(k,)27 b(remo)n(ving)c Fd(.)12 b(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)49 b Fe(65)150 1286 y(#cvs.lo)r(c)n(k,)27 b(tec)n(hnical)f(details)16 b Fd(.)e(.)e(.)g(.)h (.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)42 b Fe(12)150 1388 y(#cvs.r\015,)26 b(and)f(bac)n(kups)17 b Fd(.)12 b(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)43 b Fe(18)150 1491 y(#cvs.r\015,)26 b(remo)n(ving)18 b Fd(.)12 b(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.) h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)44 b Fe(65)150 1593 y(#cvs.r\015,)26 b(tec)n(hnical)g(details)11 b Fd(.)i(.)g(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.) h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)36 b Fe(12)150 1696 y(#cvs.t\015)14 b Fd(.)e(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.) g(.)g(.)40 b Fe(12)150 1798 y(#cvs.w\015,)26 b(remo)n(ving)e Fd(.)12 b(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h (.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)49 b Fe(65)150 1901 y(#cvs.w\015,)26 b(tec)n(hnical)g(details)16 b Fd(.)e(.)f(.)f(.)g (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)42 b Fe(12)150 2184 y Fp(&)150 2322 y Fe(&,)26 b(in)f(mo)r(dules)g(\014le) 10 b Fd(.)j(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f (.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)36 b Fe(128)150 2605 y Fp(-)150 2744 y Fe(-a,)26 b(in)g(mo)r(dules)f(\014le)8 b Fd(.)k(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.) g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)34 b Fe(127)150 2847 y(-d,)25 b(in)h(mo)r(dules)f(\014le)f Fd(.)12 b(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.) f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h (.)f(.)g(.)50 b Fe(129)150 2949 y(-e,)26 b(in)f(mo)r(dules)h(\014le)19 b Fd(.)13 b(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h (.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)46 b Fe(129,)27 b(130)150 3052 y(-i,)f(in)f(mo)r(dules)h(\014le)8 b Fd(.)k(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)34 b Fe(129,)27 b(130)150 3154 y(-j)f(\(merging)f(branc)n(hes\))20 b Fd(.)13 b(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h (.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)46 b Fe(45)150 3257 y(-j)26 b(\(merging)f(branc)n(hes\),)h(and)f(k)n(eyw)n(ord)g(substitution)318 3356 y Fd(.)12 b(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.) h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)40 b Fe(47)150 3459 y(-k)25 b(\(k)n(eyw)n(ord)g(substitution\))8 b Fd(.)k(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h (.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)33 b Fe(75)150 3561 y(-kk,)25 b(to)g(a)n(v)n(oid)h(con\015icts)g(during)g (a)g(merge)7 b Fd(.)12 b(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)33 b Fe(47)150 3664 y(-o,)26 b(in)g(mo)r(dules)f(\014le)18 b Fd(.)12 b(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h (.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)44 b Fe(129,)27 b(130)150 3766 y(-s,)f(in)f(mo)r(dules)h(\014le)12 b Fd(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.) g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f (.)g(.)38 b Fe(129)150 3869 y(-t,)25 b(in)h(mo)r(dules)f(\014le)d Fd(.)13 b(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)48 b Fe(129,)27 b(130)150 3971 y(-u,)e(in)h(mo)r(dules)f(\014le)16 b Fd(.)c(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.) g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)42 b Fe(129,)27 b(130)150 4254 y Fp(.)150 4393 y Fe(.#)f(\014les)7 b Fd(.)12 b(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.) f(.)g(.)h(.)32 b Fe(113)150 4495 y(.bashrc,)26 b(setting)h(CVSR)n(OOT)d (in)d Fd(.)13 b(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g (.)h(.)47 b Fe(7)150 4598 y(.cshrc,)27 b(setting)f(CVSR)n(OOT)e(in)8 b Fd(.)13 b(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f (.)g(.)h(.)34 b Fe(7)150 4700 y(.cvsrc)26 b(\014le)7 b Fd(.)12 b(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.) h(.)f(.)32 b Fe(86)150 4803 y(.pro\014le,)27 b(setting)f(CVSR)n(OOT)e (in)8 b Fd(.)k(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h (.)f(.)g(.)34 b Fe(7)150 4905 y(.tcshrc,)26 b(setting)h(CVSR)n(OOT)d (in)12 b Fd(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h (.)f(.)g(.)38 b Fe(7)150 5201 y Fp(/)150 5340 y Fe(/usr/lo)r(cal/cvsro) r(ot,)30 b(as)c(example)f(rep)r(ository)11 b Fd(.)i(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g (.)37 b Fe(7)2025 623 y Fp(:)2025 755 y Fe(:ext:,)26 b(setting)g(up)7 b Fd(.)k(.)i(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.) 32 b Fe(20)2025 855 y(:ext:,)26 b(troublesho)r(oting)d Fd(.)12 b(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)48 b Fe(150)2025 955 y(:fork:,)27 b(setting)f(up)11 b Fd(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)37 b Fe(26)2025 1054 y(:gserv)n(er:,)27 b(setting)f(up)14 b Fd(.)e(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.) h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)40 b Fe(24)2025 1154 y(:kserv)n(er:,)26 b(setting)g(up)13 b Fd(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h (.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.) g(.)39 b Fe(25)2025 1254 y(:lo)r(cal:,)28 b(setting)e(up)18 b Fd(.)12 b(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)45 b Fe(7)2025 1353 y(:pserv)n(er:,)26 b(setting)g(up)12 b Fd(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.) f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)38 b Fe(23)2025 1453 y(:pserv)n(er:,)26 b(troublesho)r(oting)9 b Fd(.)k(.)g(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)35 b Fe(150)2025 1552 y(:serv)n(er:,)26 b(setting)h(up)15 b Fd(.)c(.)i(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.) g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)41 b Fe(20)2025 1652 y(:serv)n(er:,)26 b(troublesho)r(oting)12 b Fd(.)i(.)e(.)h(.)f(.)g (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)38 b Fe(150)2025 1918 y Fp(=)2025 2051 y Fe(=======)9 b Fd(.)h(.)j(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)35 b Fe(64)p 2033 2317 41 6 v 2029 2450 24 4 v 2057 2450 V 2106 2450 a(\014les)26 b(\(VMS\))20 b Fd(.)12 b(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h (.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.) h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)47 b Fe(113)2025 2716 y Ff(>)2025 2848 y Fc(>>>>>>>)8 b Fd(.)14 b(.)e(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.) f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)34 b Fe(64)2025 3115 y Ff(<)2025 3247 y Fc(<<<<<<<)8 b Fd(.)14 b(.)e(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.) f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)34 b Fe(64)2025 3513 y Fp(A)2025 3646 y Fe(Abandoning)25 b(w)n(ork)11 b Fd(.)i(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.) h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)37 b Fe(68)2025 3745 y(Access)26 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b(.)g(.)h(.)45 b Fe(68)150 4715 y(Chec)n(k)n(out,)26 b(example)10 b Fd(.)h(.)i(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)36 b Fe(4)150 4816 y(c)n(hec)n(k)n(outlist)21 b Fd(.)12 b(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)46 b Fe(137)150 4916 y(Cho)r(osing,)28 b(reserv)n(ed)d(or)h(unreserv)n(ed) f(c)n(hec)n(k)n(outs)17 b Fd(.)12 b(.)g(.)g(.)43 b Fe(69)150 5016 y(Cleaning)27 b(up)16 b Fd(.)c(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.) f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)43 b Fe(5)2025 299 y(Clien)n(t/Serv)n(er)26 b(Op)r(eration)10 b Fd(.)j(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)36 b Fe(19)2025 399 y(co)26 b(\(sub)r(command\))9 b Fd(.)h(.)i(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.) f(.)g(.)35 b 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b Fd(.)12 b(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.) f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)44 b Fe(132)2025 1202 y(Committing)25 b(c)n(hanges)20 b Fd(.)12 b(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h (.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)46 b Fe(4)2025 1303 y(Common)24 b(options)g Fd(.)12 b(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h (.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.) g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)49 b Fe(88)2025 1403 y(Common)24 b(syn)n(tax)h(of)h (info)h(\014les)19 b Fd(.)12 b(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h (.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)45 b Fe(131)2025 1503 y(Compatibilit)n(y)-6 b(,)25 b(b)r(et)n(w)n(een)h(CVS)f(v)n(ersions)10 b Fd(.)j(.)g(.)f(.)g (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)36 b Fe(143)2025 1604 y(Compression)14 b Fd(.)f(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.) f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)40 b Fe(88,)27 b(116)2025 1704 y(COMSPEC,)g(en)n(vironmen)n(t)d(v)l(ariable)11 b Fd(.)h(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)37 b Fe(142)2025 1804 y(con\014g,)26 b(in)g(CVSR)n(OOT)20 b Fd(.)13 b(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)48 b Fe(139)2025 1905 y(Con\015ict)26 b(mark)n(ers)13 b Fd(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.) g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)39 b Fe(64)2025 2005 y(Con\015ict)26 b(resolution)17 b Fd(.)d(.)e(.)g(.)h (.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.) h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)43 b Fe(64)2025 2106 y(Con\015icts)26 b(\(merge)f(example\))13 b Fd(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)39 b Fe(64)2025 2206 y(Con)n(tributors)26 b(\(CVS)f(program\))c Fd(.)12 b(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)47 b Fe(1)2025 2306 y(Con)n(tributors)26 b(\(man)n(ual\))18 b Fd(.)12 b(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h (.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)45 b Fe(153)2025 2407 y(Cop)n(ying)26 b(a)g(rep)r(ository)11 b Fd(.)i(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)37 b Fe(19)2025 2507 y(Cop)n(ying)26 b(c)n(hanges)10 b Fd(.)j(.)f(.)g(.)h (.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.) g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)36 b Fe(41)2025 2607 y(Correcting)27 b(a)f(log)h(message)17 b Fd(.)c(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)43 b Fe(92)2025 2708 y(Creating)27 b(a)f(branc)n(h)c Fd(.)12 b(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.) f(.)g(.)49 b Fe(41)2025 2808 y(Creating)27 b(a)f(pro)t(ject)19 b Fd(.)13 b(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)44 b Fe(29)2025 2908 y(Creating)27 b(a)f(rep)r(ository)d Fd(.)13 b(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.) 48 b Fe(18)2025 3009 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b(.)g(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)44 b Fe(22)2025 3711 y(CVS,)25 b(history)h(of)12 b Fd(.)h(.)g(.)f(.)g(.)h (.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.) g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)38 b Fe(1)2025 3812 y(CVS,)25 b(in)n(tro)r(duction)h(to)9 b Fd(.)k(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.) h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)35 b Fe(1)2025 3912 y(CVS,)25 b(v)n(ersions)i(of)12 b Fd(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h (.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.) g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)38 b Fe(143)2025 4013 y(CVS/Base)27 b(directory)6 b Fd(.)12 b(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)32 b Fe(16)2025 4113 y(CVS/Baserev)26 b(\014le)20 b Fd(.)12 b(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)45 b Fe(16)2025 4213 y(CVS/Baserev.tmp)25 b(\014le)13 b Fd(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)38 b Fe(16)2025 4314 y(CVS/Chec)n(kin.prog)26 b(\014le)21 b Fd(.)13 b(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)47 b Fe(16)2025 4414 y(CVS/En)n(tries)26 b(\014le)13 b Fd(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.) g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)38 b Fe(14)2025 4514 y(CVS/En)n(tries.Bac)n(kup)26 b(\014le)c Fd(.)12 b(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)48 b Fe(15)2025 4615 y(CVS/En)n(tries.Log)27 b(\014le)12 b Fd(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.) f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)38 b Fe(15)2025 4715 y(CVS/En)n(tries.Static)27 b(\014le)13 b Fd(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.) g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)38 b Fe(15)2025 4815 y(CVS/Notify)26 b(\014le)8 b Fd(.)k(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.) g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)34 b Fe(16)2025 4916 y(CVS/Notify)-6 b(.tmp)24 b(\014le)f Fd(.)13 b(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)49 b Fe(16)2025 5016 y(CVS/Rep)r(ository)26 b(\014le)c Fd(.)13 b(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)48 b Fe(14)p eop %%Page: 159 161 159 160 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Index)3241 b(159)150 299 y Fe(CVS/Ro)r(ot)26 b(\014le)14 b Fd(.)e(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.) h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)40 b Fe(7)150 399 y(CVS/T)-6 b(ag)27 b(\014le)14 b Fd(.)e(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.) h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f (.)40 b Fe(16)150 500 y(CVS/T)-6 b(emplate)25 b(\014le)11 b Fd(.)i(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.) g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)37 b Fe(16)150 600 y(CVS/Up)r(date.prog)26 b(\014le)13 b Fd(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.) f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)39 b Fe(16)150 700 y(CVS)p 311 700 24 4 v 27 w(CLIENT)p 634 700 V 28 w(LOG,)26 b(en)n(vironmen)n(t)e(v)l(ariable)12 b Fd(.)h(.)g(.)f(.)38 b Fe(142)150 800 y(CVS)p 311 800 V 27 w(CLIENT)p 634 800 V 28 w(POR)-6 b(T)19 b Fd(.)12 b(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)45 b Fe(25)150 901 y(CVS)p 311 901 V 27 w(IGNORE)p 653 901 V 27 w(REMOTE)p 1026 901 V 28 w(R)n(OOT,)26 b(en)n(vironmen)n(t)304 1000 y(v)l(ariable)9 b Fd(.)j(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.) h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)35 b Fe(142)150 1101 y(CVS)p 311 1101 V 27 w(P)-6 b(ASSFILE,)25 b(en)n(vironmen)n(t)f(v)l(ariable)e Fd(.)12 b(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g (.)47 b Fe(23)150 1201 y(CVS)p 311 1201 V 27 w(R)n(CMD)p 577 1201 V 28 w(POR)-6 b(T,)25 b(en)n(vironmen)n(t)f(v)l(ariable)16 b Fd(.)d(.)g(.)f(.)42 b Fe(142)150 1301 y(CVS)p 311 1301 V 27 w(RSH,)25 b(en)n(vironmen)n(t)f(v)l(ariable)16 b Fd(.)d(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)42 b Fe(141)150 1402 y(CVS)p 311 1402 V 27 w(SER)-9 b(VER,)26 b(and)f(:fork:)e Fd(.)13 b(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)48 b Fe(26)150 1502 y(CVS)p 311 1502 V 27 w(SER)-9 b(VER,)26 b(en)n(vironmen)n(t)d(v)l(ariable)14 b Fd(.)f(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)39 b Fe(20)150 1602 y(CVS)p 311 1602 V 27 w(SER)-9 b(VER)p 648 1602 V 27 w(SLEEP)j(,)25 b(en)n(vironmen)n(t)d(v)l(ariable)8 b Fd(.)13 b(.)32 b Fe(142)150 1703 y(cvsadmin)7 b Fd(.)k(.)h(.)h(.)f(.) g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h (.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)32 b Fe(91)150 1803 y(CVSEDITOR,)25 b(en)n(vironmen)n(t)f(v)l(ariable)10 b Fd(.)j(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)36 b Fe(4)150 1903 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g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)49 b Fe(127)150 2606 y(CVSR)n(OOT,)25 b(en)n(vironmen)n(t)f(v)l(ariable)14 b Fd(.)f(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)40 b Fe(7)150 2706 y(CVSR)n(OOT,)25 b(in)n(ternal)h(v)l(ariable)18 b Fd(.)13 b(.)g(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.) 44 b Fe(138)150 2806 y(CVSR)n(OOT,)25 b(mo)r(dule)g(name)13 b Fd(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.) h(.)f(.)g(.)39 b Fe(16)150 2907 y(CVSR)n(OOT,)25 b(m)n(ultiple)g(rep)r (ositories)g Fd(.)13 b(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)49 b Fe(17)150 3007 y(CVSR)n(OOT,)25 b(o)n(v)n(erriding)16 b Fd(.)d(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.) h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)42 b Fe(87)150 3107 y(CVSR)n(OOT,)25 b(storage)i(of)g(\014les)16 b Fd(.)c(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.) f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)41 b Fe(13)150 3207 y(CVSR)n(OOT/con\014g)16 b Fd(.)c(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f 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(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)34 b Fe(102)2025 5016 y(Exp)r(ort)25 b(program)18 b Fd(.)13 b(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)44 b Fe(129)p eop %%Page: 160 162 160 161 bop 150 -116 a Ft(160)2066 b(CVS|Concurren)m(t)29 b(V)-8 b(ersions)30 b(System)150 299 y Fp(F)150 431 y Fe(F)-6 b(etc)n(hing)25 b(source)14 b Fd(.)f(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.) g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h (.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)40 b Fe(4)150 531 y(File)27 b(had)e(con\015icts) h(on)g(merge)18 b Fd(.)12 b(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)44 b Fe(62)150 631 y(File)27 b(lo)r(c)n(king)d Fd(.)12 b(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h (.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.) g(.)h(.)f(.)49 b Fe(61)150 730 y(File)27 b(p)r(ermissions,)f(general)f Fd(.)13 b(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)50 b Fe(9)150 830 y(File)27 b(p)r(ermissions,)f (Windo)n(ws-sp)r(eci\014c)19 b Fd(.)13 b(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.) g(.)h(.)f(.)44 b Fe(10)150 930 y(File)27 b(status)c Fd(.)12 b(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h (.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)48 b Fe(61)150 1029 y(Files,)27 b(mo)n(ving)13 b Fd(.)e(.)i(.)f(.)g(.)h(.) f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)38 b Fe(54)150 1129 y(Files,)27 b(reference)g(man)n(ual)13 b Fd(.)e(.)h(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)39 b Fe(127)150 1229 y(Fixing)26 b(a)g(log)h(message)15 b Fd(.)d(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.) h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)40 b Fe(92)150 1328 y(F)-6 b(orcing)26 b(a)g(tag)h(matc)n(h)7 b Fd(.)j(.)j(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h 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Fd(.)i(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)37 b Fe(136)150 2325 y(Global)27 b(options)9 b Fd(.)k(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.) f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)34 b Fe(86)150 2425 y(Group)21 b Fd(.)13 b(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h (.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.) g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)47 b Fe(9)150 2524 y(GSSAPI)21 b Fd(.)13 b(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.) g(.)g(.)48 b Fe(24)150 2624 y(Gzip)22 b Fd(.)12 b(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f (.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.) h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)47 b Fe(88,)27 b(116)150 2890 y Fp(H)150 3023 y Fe(Hard)e(links)7 b Fd(.)12 b(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g 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(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)39 b Fe(73)150 4618 y(Iden)n(t)25 b(\(shell)h(command\))18 b Fd(.)12 b(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h (.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)45 b Fe(74)150 4717 y(Iden)n(tifying)25 b(a)h(branc)n(h)d Fd(.)12 b(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h (.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)49 b Fe(42)150 4817 y(Iden)n(tifying)25 b(\014les)14 b Fd(.)f(.)g(.)f(.)g (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.) f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)40 b Fe(73)150 4917 y(Ignored)26 b(\014les)13 b Fd(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.) f(.)39 b Fe(137)150 5016 y(Ignoring)26 b(\014les)18 b Fd(.)13 b(.)g(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)44 b Fe(136)2025 299 y(imp)r(ort)25 b(\(sub)r(command\))18 b Fd(.)13 b(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)47 b Fe(104)2025 399 y(Imp)r(orting)25 b(\014les)9 b Fd(.)j(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.) g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)35 b Fe(29)2025 499 y(Imp)r(orting)25 b(\014les,)h(from)f(other)h(v)n (ersion)g(con)n(trol)g(systems)2193 599 y Fd(.)12 b(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.) g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)40 b Fe(30)2025 699 y(Imp)r(orting)25 b(mo)r(dules)8 b Fd(.)j(.)i(.)f(.)g (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.) g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)34 b Fe(77)2025 799 y(Index)14 b Fd(.)d(.)h(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.) f(.)g(.)h(.)40 b Fe(157)2025 900 y(Info)26 b(\014les)g(\(syn)n(tax\))12 b Fd(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.) f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)38 b Fe(131)2025 1000 y(Informing)25 b(others)11 b Fd(.)i(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.) g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h (.)f(.)g(.)37 b Fe(65)2025 1100 y(init)26 b(\(sub)r(command\))21 b Fd(.)13 b(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)50 b Fe(18)2025 1200 y(Installed)26 b(images)g(\(VMS\))19 b Fd(.)12 b(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h (.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)45 b Fe(10)2025 1300 y(In)n(ternal)25 b(v)l(ariables)16 b Fd(.)e(.)e(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.) h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)42 b Fe(138)2025 1401 y(In)n(tro)r(duction)25 b(to)h(CVS)17 b Fd(.)11 b(.)i(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h (.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)43 b Fe(1)2025 1501 y(In)n(v)n(oking)24 b(CVS)19 b Fd(.)12 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b(k)n(eyw)n(ord)9 b Fd(.)k(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.) f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)35 b Fe(73)2025 4916 y(Lo)r(c)n(king)26 b(\014les)9 b Fd(.)k(.)f(.)h(.)f (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.) h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)35 b Fe(61)2025 5016 y(Lo)r(c)n(ks,)26 b(cvs,)g(and)f(bac)n(kups)14 b Fd(.)d(.)i(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)39 b Fe(18)p eop %%Page: 161 163 161 162 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Index)3241 b(161)150 299 y Fe(Lo)r(c)n(ks,)26 b(cvs,)g(in)n(tro)r(duction)16 b Fd(.)c(.)h(.)f(.)g (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.) 41 b Fe(65)150 399 y(Lo)r(c)n(ks,)26 b(cvs,)g(tec)n(hnical)g(details)7 b Fd(.)14 b(.)e(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h (.)f(.)g(.)33 b Fe(12)150 499 y(log)27 b(\(sub)r(command\))13 b Fd(.)d(.)i(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.) g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)39 b Fe(106)150 599 y(Log)26 b(information,)h(sa)n(ving)18 b Fd(.)13 b(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)44 b Fe(138)150 699 y(Log)26 b(k)n(eyw)n(ord)c Fd(.)13 b(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f (.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.) h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)48 b Fe(73)150 800 y(Log)26 b(message)h(en)n(try)18 b Fd(.)11 b(.)h(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.) f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h (.)f(.)g(.)44 b Fe(4)150 900 y(Log)26 b(message)h(template)10 b Fd(.)i(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.) f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)36 b Fe(136)150 1000 y(Log)26 b(message,)h(correcting)18 b Fd(.)13 b(.)g(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)43 b Fe(92)150 1100 y(Log)26 b(message,)h(v)n(erifying)20 b Fd(.)13 b(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)46 b Fe(132)150 1200 y(Log)26 b(messages)10 b Fd(.)k(.)e(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h (.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.) 36 b Fe(135)150 1300 y(Log)26 b(messages,)h(editing)17 b Fd(.)c(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.) f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)43 b Fe(133)150 1400 y(LogHistory)-6 b(,)26 b(in)g(CVSR)n(OOT/con\014g)19 b Fd(.)12 b(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.) f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)45 b Fe(140)150 1500 y(Login)26 b(\(sub)r (command\))c Fd(.)12 b(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h (.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)49 b Fe(23)150 1600 y(loginfo)28 b(\(admin)c(\014le\))f Fd(.)13 b(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.) f(.)49 b Fe(135)150 1701 y(Logout)26 b(\(sub)r(command\))18 b Fd(.)11 b(.)h(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)44 b Fe(24)150 1979 y Fp(M)150 2113 y Fe(Mail,)27 b(automatic)f(mail)g(on)f(commit)18 b Fd(.)12 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)44 b Fe(65)150 2213 y(Mailing)27 b(list)10 b Fd(.)j(.)g(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.) g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f (.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)36 b Fe(1)150 2313 y(Mailing)27 b(log)g(messages)11 b Fd(.)i(.)g(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)37 b Fe(135)150 2413 y(Main)26 b(trunk)f(and)g(branc)n(hes)10 b Fd(.)i(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.) g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)36 b Fe(41)150 2513 y(mak)n(e)21 b Fd(.)12 b(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.) g(.)h(.)f(.)47 b Fe(81)150 2613 y(Man)n(y)25 b(rep)r(ositories)10 b Fd(.)15 b(.)d(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)35 b Fe(17)150 2713 y(Mark)n(ers,)27 b(con\015ict)10 b Fd(.)i(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.) h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)35 b Fe(64)150 2813 y(Merge,)27 b(an)f(example)9 b Fd(.)i(.)i(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.) h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)35 b Fe(63)150 2914 y(Merge,)27 b(branc)n(h)e(example)8 b Fd(.)k(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)34 b Fe(45)150 3014 y(Merging)8 b Fd(.)13 b(.)g(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.) f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h (.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)33 b Fe(41)150 3114 y(Merging)27 b(a)f(branc)n(h)12 b Fd(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.) h(.)f(.)g(.)38 b Fe(45)150 3214 y(Merging)27 b(a)f(\014le)d Fd(.)12 b(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)48 b Fe(62)150 3314 y(Merging)27 b(t)n(w)n(o)f(revisions)14 b Fd(.)f(.)g(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.) h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)39 b Fe(46)150 3414 y(Merging,)27 b(and)f(k)n(eyw)n(ord)f(substitution)11 b Fd(.)h(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.) f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)37 b Fe(47)150 3514 y(mkmo)r(dules)9 b Fd(.)h(.)j(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.) g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)35 b Fe(147)150 3614 y(Mo)r(di\014cations,)28 b(cop)n(ying)d(b)r(et)n(w)n (een)h(branc)n(hes)d Fd(.)12 b(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)49 b Fe(41)150 3715 y(Mo)r(dule)26 b(status)14 b Fd(.)f(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h (.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.) g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)40 b Fe(129)150 3815 y(Mo)r(dule,)27 b(de\014ning)9 b Fd(.)j(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h (.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)35 b Fe(31)150 3915 y(Mo)r(dules)27 b(\(admin)d(\014le\))12 b Fd(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.) f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)38 b Fe(127)150 4015 y(Mo)r(dules)27 b(\014le)15 b Fd(.)d(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.) h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f (.)g(.)41 b Fe(16)150 4115 y(Mo)r(dules)27 b(\014le)e(program)h (options)16 b Fd(.)d(.)g(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.) g(.)h(.)42 b Fe(130)150 4215 y(Mo)r(dules)27 b(\014le,)f(c)n(hanging)7 b Fd(.)12 b(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)32 b Fe(31)150 4315 y(mo)r(dules.db)9 b Fd(.)i(.)i(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.) h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)34 b Fe(13)150 4415 y(mo)r(dules.dir)23 b Fd(.)12 b(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.) f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)48 b Fe(13)150 4516 y(mo)r(dules.pag)10 b 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(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)46 b Fe(62)2025 1203 y(Needs)25 b(P)n(atc)n(h)9 b Fd(.)k(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.) h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g (.)h(.)f(.)35 b Fe(61)2025 1303 y(Newsgroups)20 b Fd(.)12 b(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h (.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)45 b Fe(1)2025 1404 y(notify)26 b(\(admin)e(\014le\))c Fd(.)12 b(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f (.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)46 b Fe(67)2025 1504 y(Notify)26 b(\014le,)g(in)f(CVS)h(directory)14 b Fd(.)e(.)g(.)g(.)h(.) f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)39 b Fe(16)2025 1604 y(Notify)-6 b(.tmp)24 b(\014le,)i(in)g(CVS)f (directory)10 b Fd(.)j(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h (.)36 b Fe(16)2025 1704 y(Num)n(b)r(er,)24 b(branc)n(h)10 b Fd(.)i(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.) f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)36 b Fe(33,)27 b(43)2025 1805 y(Num)n(b)r(er,)d(revision-)8 b Fd(.)k(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.) g(.)h(.)33 b Fe(33)2025 2074 y Fp(O)2025 2208 y Fe(Option)25 b(defaults)11 b Fd(.)i(.)g(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)37 b Fe(86)2025 2308 y(Options,)26 b(global)16 b Fd(.)e(.)e(.)h(.)f(.)g(.) g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)42 b Fe(86)2025 2408 y(Options,)26 b(in)f(mo)r(dules)g(\014le)16 b Fd(.)d(.)g(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)43 b Fe(129)2025 2508 y(Outdating)25 b(revisions)15 b Fd(.)e(.)g(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h (.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.) 41 b Fe(92)2025 2609 y(Ov)n(erlap)13 b Fd(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f 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(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.) g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)32 b Fe(71)2025 4816 y(Precommit)25 b(c)n(hec)n(king)e Fd(.)12 b(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h (.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)50 b Fe(132)2025 4916 y(pserv)n(er)25 b(\(sub)r(command\))16 b Fd(.)10 b(.)j(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)42 b Fe(21)2025 5016 y(PV)n(CS,)26 b(imp)r(orting)f(\014les)h(from)13 b Fd(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.) g(.)g(.)39 b Fe(30)p eop %%Page: 162 164 162 163 bop 150 -116 a Ft(162)2066 b(CVS|Concurren)m(t)29 b(V)-8 b(ersions)30 b(System)150 299 y Fp(R)150 431 y Fe(R)n(CS)25 b(history)h(\014les)9 b Fd(.)k(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.) h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)35 b Fe(9)150 531 y(R)n(CS)25 b(revision)h(n)n(um)n(b)r (ers)8 b Fd(.)j(.)i(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h (.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)34 b Fe(34)150 631 y(R)n(CS,)25 b(imp)r(orting)h(\014les)g(from)21 b Fd(.)12 b(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f (.)g(.)47 b Fe(30)150 730 y(R)n(CS-st)n(yle)25 b(lo)r(c)n(king)12 b Fd(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.) h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)37 b Fe(61)150 830 y(R)n(CSBIN,)25 b(in)h(CVSR)n(OOT/con\014g)19 b Fd(.)12 b(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)46 b Fe(139)150 930 y(R)n(CSBIN,)25 b(in)n(ternal)h(v)l(ariable)10 b Fd(.)j(.)g(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.) g(.)h(.)36 b Fe(139)150 1029 y(R)n(CSBIN,)25 b(o)n(v)n(erriding)8 b Fd(.)13 b(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h (.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)33 b Fe(86)150 1129 y(R)n(CS\014le)25 b(k)n(eyw)n(ord)14 b Fd(.)e(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h 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(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)33 b Fe(9)150 1827 y(Read-only)25 b(mo)r(de)17 b Fd(.)12 b(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h (.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)43 b Fe(87)150 1926 y(Read-only)25 b(rep)r(ository)h(access)7 b Fd(.)14 b(.)e(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f (.)g(.)h(.)32 b Fe(26)150 2026 y(readers)26 b(\(admin)f(\014le\))16 b Fd(.)c(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.) h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)42 b Fe(26)150 2126 y(Recursiv)n(e)25 b(\(directory)h(descending\))15 b Fd(.)d(.)g(.)h(.)f (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)40 b Fe(49)150 2225 y(Reference)26 b(man)n(ual)f(\(\014les\))13 b Fd(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)39 b Fe(127)150 2325 y(Reference)26 b(man)n(ual)f(for)h(v)l(ariables)11 b Fd(.)i(.)g(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)37 b Fe(141)150 2425 y(Reference,)26 b(commands)18 b Fd(.)11 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y(Rep)r(ositories,) 28 b(remote)19 b Fd(.)12 b(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f (.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)45 b Fe(19)150 4418 y(Rep)r(ository)26 b(\(in)n(tro\))d Fd(.)12 b(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)49 b Fe(7)150 4518 y(Rep)r(ository)26 b(\014le,)g(in)g(CVS)f(directory)10 b Fd(.)i(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)35 b Fe(14)150 4618 y(Rep)r(ository)-6 b(,)26 b(bac)n(king)f(up)14 b Fd(.)e(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.) f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)39 b Fe(18)150 4717 y(Rep)r(ository)-6 b(,)26 b(example)6 b Fd(.)12 b(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)32 b Fe(7)150 4817 y(Rep)r(ository)-6 b(,)26 b(ho)n(w)g(data)g(is)g (stored)17 b Fd(.)12 b(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)43 b Fe(8)150 4917 y(Rep)r(ository)-6 b(,)26 b(mo)n(ving)20 b Fd(.)13 b(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)47 b Fe(19)150 5016 y(Rep)r(ository)-6 b(,)26 b(setting)g(up)10 b Fd(.)i(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.) g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)36 b Fe(18)2025 299 y(Reserv)n(ed)25 b(c)n(hec)n(k)n(outs)c Fd(.)13 b(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.) h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)48 b Fe(61)2025 399 y(Resetting)26 b(stic)n(ky)f(tags)13 b Fd(.)g(.)g(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.) h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)39 b Fe(38)2025 499 y(Resolving)26 b(a)g(con\015ict)17 b Fd(.)c(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.) f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)43 b Fe(64)2025 600 y(Restoring)26 b(old)g(v)n(ersion)g(of)g(remo)n(v)n (ed)f(\014le)d Fd(.)12 b(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)48 b Fe(46)2025 700 y(Resurrecting)26 b(old)g(v)n(ersion)f(of)i(dead)e (\014le)14 b 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4715 y(SSH)24 b(\(rsh)i(replacemen)n(t\))19 b Fd(.)12 b(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h (.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)45 b Fe(20)2025 4816 y(Starting)26 b(a)g(pro)t(ject)g(with)g(CVS)13 b Fd(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)38 b Fe(29)2025 4916 y(State)25 b(k)n(eyw)n(ord)15 b Fd(.)e(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h (.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.) h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)41 b Fe(74)2025 5016 y(Status)25 b(of)i(a)f(\014le)10 b Fd(.)i(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.) f(.)g(.)36 b Fe(61)p eop %%Page: 163 165 163 164 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Index)3241 b(163)150 299 y Fe(Status)25 b(of)i(a)f(mo)r(dule)8 b Fd(.)j(.)i(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.) h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g (.)34 b Fe(129)150 399 y(Stic)n(ky)25 b(date)11 b Fd(.)h(.)g(.)h(.)f(.) g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f (.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)37 b Fe(38)150 499 y(Stic)n(ky)25 b(tags)15 b Fd(.)e(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h (.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.) g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)41 b Fe(38)150 599 y(Stic)n(ky)25 b(tags,)h(resetting)10 b Fd(.)j(.)g(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h (.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)35 b Fe(38)150 699 y(Stic)n(ky)25 b(tags/dates,)i(p)r(er-directory)12 b Fd(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)38 b Fe(16)150 800 y(Storing)26 b(log)h(messages)16 b Fd(.)d(.)f(.)h(.)f (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.) h(.)f(.)42 b Fe(135)150 900 y(Stream)25 b(authen)n(tication)7 b Fd(.)12 b(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)33 b Fe(86)150 1000 y(Structure)23 b Fd(.)12 b(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.) h(.)49 b Fe(85)150 1100 y(Sub)r(directories)16 b Fd(.)d(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.) f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)42 b Fe(49)150 1200 y(Supp)r(ort,)25 b(getting)h(CVS)g(supp)r(ort)17 b Fd(.)11 b(.)i(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h (.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)43 b Fe(155)150 1300 y(Sym)n(b)r(olic)25 b(link,)g(imp)r(orting)18 b Fd(.)12 b(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)44 b Fe(106)150 1400 y(Sym)n(b)r(olic)25 b(links)11 b Fd(.)h(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.) g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)37 b Fe(83)150 1500 y(Sym)n(b)r(olic)25 b(name)f(\(tag\))12 b Fd(.)i(.)e(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.) g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)38 b Fe(34)150 1600 y(Syn)n(tax)24 b(of)j(info)f(\014les)13 b Fd(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.) g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)39 b Fe(131)150 1701 y(SystemAuth,)23 b(in)j(CVSR)n(OOT/con\014g)13 b Fd(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)39 b Fe(139)150 1979 y Fp(T)150 2113 y Fe(tag)26 b(\(sub)r(command\))10 b Fd(.)g(.)j(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.) g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h (.)f(.)g(.)36 b Fe(36)150 2213 y(T)-6 b(ag)26 b(\014le,)h(in)e(CVS)g (directory)20 b Fd(.)13 b(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)45 b Fe(16)150 2313 y(T)-6 b(ag)26 b(program)19 b Fd(.)12 b(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.) g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f (.)g(.)h(.)44 b Fe(129)150 2413 y(tag,)27 b(command,)d(in)n(tro)r (duction)d Fd(.)12 b(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.) g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)47 b Fe(34)150 2513 y(tag,)27 b(creating)f(a)g(branc)n (h)f(using)20 b Fd(.)13 b(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)45 b Fe(41)150 2613 y(T)-6 b(ag,)27 b(example)12 b Fd(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.) g(.)38 b Fe(34)150 2713 y(T)-6 b(ag,)27 b(retrieving)f(old)g(revisions) c Fd(.)13 b(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h (.)f(.)47 b Fe(35)150 2813 y(T)-6 b(ag,)27 b(sym)n(b)r(olic)e(name)10 b Fd(.)i(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.) f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)36 b Fe(34)150 2914 y(taginfo)11 b Fd(.)j(.)e(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h (.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.) h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)37 b Fe(57)150 3014 y(T)-6 b(ags)13 b Fd(.)g(.)g(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h (.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.) g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)38 b Fe(34)150 3114 y(T)-6 b(ags,)27 b(deleting)21 b Fd(.)13 b(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.) g(.)h(.)f(.)46 b Fe(37)150 3214 y(T)-6 b(ags,)27 b(mo)n(ving)13 b Fd(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.) f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)39 b Fe(37)150 3314 y(T)-6 b(ags,)27 b(renaming)15 b Fd(.)d(.)h(.)f(.)g(.) h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)41 b Fe(37)150 3414 y(T)-6 b(ags,)27 b(stic)n(ky)19 b Fd(.)12 b(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.) f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h (.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)45 b Fe(38)150 3514 y(tc,)26 b(T)-6 b(rivial)27 b(Compiler)f(\(example\))15 b Fd(.)10 b(.)j(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)41 b Fe(3)150 3614 y(T)-6 b(eam)25 b(of)i(dev)n(elop)r(ers)22 b Fd(.)12 b(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h (.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)47 b Fe(61)150 3715 y(TEMP)-6 b(,)27 b(en)n(vironmen)n(t)d(v)l(ariable)c Fd(.)13 b(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.) g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)46 b Fe(142)150 3815 y(T)-6 b(emplate)25 b(\014le,)h(in)g(CVS)f(directory)17 b Fd(.)c(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)42 b Fe(16)150 3915 y(T)-6 b(emplate)25 b(for)i(log)f(message)10 b Fd(.)j(.)g(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.) h(.)f(.)g(.)36 b Fe(136)150 4015 y(T)-6 b(emp)r(orary)25 b(directories,)i(and)f(serv)n(er)14 b Fd(.)e(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.) g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)39 b Fe(27)150 4115 y(T)-6 b(emp)r(orary)25 b(\014les,)h(lo)r(cation)i(of)9 b Fd(.)k(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.) g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)35 b Fe(142)150 4215 y(Third-part)n(y)25 b(sources)14 b Fd(.)f(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.) 39 b Fe(77)150 4315 y(Time)22 b Fd(.)12 b(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g 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Fe(139)150 5016 y(T)-6 b(race)16 b Fd(.)d(.)g(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.) h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)42 b Fe(87)2025 299 y(T)-6 b(raceabilit)n(y)19 b Fd(.)13 b(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.) f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)44 b Fe(57)2025 399 y(T)-6 b(rac)n(king)26 b(sources)12 b Fd(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h (.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)37 b Fe(77)2025 499 y(T)-6 b(ransactions,)27 b(atomic,)f(lac)n(k)g(of)8 b Fd(.)13 b(.)g(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f (.)g(.)34 b Fe(66)2025 599 y(T)-6 b(rivial)26 b(Compiler)g(\(example\)) 16 b Fd(.)11 b(.)i(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h (.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)42 b Fe(3)2025 699 y(T)n(ypical)26 b(rep)r(ository)21 b Fd(.)13 b(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f 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b(.)j(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.) 43 b Fe(61)2025 1701 y(up)r(date)25 b(\(sub)r(command\))16 b Fd(.)d(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.) f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)45 b Fe(111)2025 1801 y(Up)r(date)25 b(program)12 b Fd(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)38 b Fe(129)2025 1902 y(Up)r(date,)25 b(in)n(tro)r(duction)9 b Fd(.)k(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.) f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)35 b Fe(62)2025 2002 y(up)r(date,)25 b(to)h(displa)n(y)g(\014le)g(status)11 b Fd(.)h(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.) g(.)37 b Fe(62)2025 2102 y(Up)r(date.prog)26 b(\014le,)g(in)f(CVS)h (directory)19 b Fd(.)12 b(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)45 b Fe(16)2025 2202 y(Up)r(dating)25 b(a)h(\014le)21 b Fd(.)12 b(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)47 b Fe(62)2025 2302 y(User)25 b(aliases)g Fd(.)12 b(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h (.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.) h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)48 b Fe(22)2025 2402 y(User)25 b(v)l(ariables)18 b Fd(.)c(.)e(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.) h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f (.)g(.)h(.)44 b Fe(139)2025 2502 y(USER,)25 b(in)n(ternal)h(v)l (ariable)16 b Fd(.)c(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.) g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)42 b Fe(139)2025 2602 y(users)26 b(\(admin)e(\014le\))16 b Fd(.)d(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.) f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)42 b Fe(67)2025 2880 y Fp(V)2025 3013 y Fe(V)-6 b(ariables)9 b Fd(.)k(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.) h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g 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y(w)n(atc)n(hers)26 b(\(sub)r(command\))9 b Fd(.)h(.)i(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.) g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)35 b Fe(69)2025 4716 y(W)-6 b(atc)n(hes)23 b Fd(.)13 b(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.) g(.)h(.)49 b Fe(66)2025 4816 y(wdi\013)26 b(\(imp)r(ort)f(example\))10 b Fd(.)h(.)i(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.) g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)36 b Fe(77)2025 4916 y(W)-6 b(eb)25 b(pages,)i(main)n(taining)e(with)h(CVS)18 b Fd(.)12 b(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)44 b Fe(136)2025 5016 y(What)25 b(\(shell)h(command\))12 b Fd(.)f(.)i(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)38 b Fe(74)p eop %%Page: 164 166 164 165 bop 150 -116 a Ft(164)2066 b(CVS|Concurren)m(t)29 b(V)-8 b(ersions)30 b(System)150 299 y Fe(What)25 b(branc)n(hes)h(are)g (go)r(o)r(d)h(for)20 b Fd(.)13 b(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.) f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)45 b Fe(41)150 399 y(What)25 b(is)i(CVS)e(not?)18 b Fd(.)12 b(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.) g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)44 b Fe(2)150 499 y(What)25 b(is)i(CVS?)13 b Fd(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.) f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h (.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)39 b Fe(1)150 600 y(When)25 b(to)h(commit)d Fd(.)12 b(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h (.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)50 b Fe(71)150 700 y(Windo)n(ws,)27 b(and)e(p)r(ermissions)8 b Fd(.)13 b(.)g(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)34 b Fe(10)150 800 y(W)-6 b(ork-session,)26 b(example)f(of)15 b Fd(.)e(.)g(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)41 b Fe(3)150 901 y(W)-6 b(orking)25 b(cop)n(y)e Fd(.)12 b(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.) h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)48 b Fe(61)150 1001 y(W)-6 b(orking)25 b(cop)n(y)-6 b(,)26 b(remo)n(ving)13 b Fd(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h (.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)40 b Fe(5)2025 299 y(W)-6 b(rapp)r(ers)19 b Fd(.)12 b(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.) h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)45 b Fe(130)2025 408 y(writers)27 b(\(admin)d(\014le\))d Fd(.)12 b(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h (.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.) g(.)h(.)46 b Fe(26)2025 739 y Fp(Z)2025 892 y Fe(Zone,)26 b(time,)f(in)h(input)8 b Fd(.)j(.)i(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h (.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)34 b Fe(88)2025 1001 y(Zone,)26 b(time,)f(in)h(output)19 b Fd(.)12 b(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)46 b Fe(106)p eop %%Page: -1 167 -1 166 bop 3723 -116 a Fb(i)150 299 y Fq(Short)53 b(Con)l(ten)l(ts)150 540 y Fb(1)156 b(Ov)m(erview)13 b Fa(.)20 b(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g (.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)h(.) f(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)44 b Fb(1)150 681 y(2)156 b(The)33 b(Rep)s(ository)j Fa(.)20 b(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.) g(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)h (.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)68 b Fb(7)150 822 y(3)156 b(Starting)31 b(a)i(pro)5 b(ject)33 b(with)f(CVS)18 b Fa(.)i(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)h (.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)49 b Fb(29)150 963 y(4)156 b(Revisions)18 b Fa(.)h(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.) f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)h (.)f(.)50 b Fb(33)150 1104 y(5)156 b(Branc)m(hing)32 b(and)h(merging)d Fa(.)19 b(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f (.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)63 b Fb(41)150 1245 y(6)156 b(Recursiv)m(e)34 b(b)s(eha)m(vior)f Fa(.)20 b(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g (.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)65 b Fb(49)150 1386 y(7)156 b(Adding,)32 b(remo)m(ving,)g(and)h(renaming)e (\014les)h(and)h(directories)23 b Fa(.)c(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)55 b Fb(51)150 1528 y(8)156 b(History)32 b(bro)m(wsing)13 b Fa(.)19 b(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h (.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)44 b Fb(57)150 1669 y(9)156 b(Handling)31 b(binary)h(\014les)24 b Fa(.)19 b(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h (.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)55 b Fb(59)150 1810 y(10)107 b(Multiple)31 b(dev)m(elop)s(ers)20 b Fa(.)g(.)g(.)f(.)g (.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)h(.) f(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)51 b Fb(61)150 1951 y(11)107 b(Revision)32 b(managemen)m(t)g Fa(.)19 b(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f 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