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.Dd $Mdocdate: March 12 2014 $
.Dt GETGRENT 3
.Os
.Sh NAME
.Nm getgrent ,
.Nm getgrnam ,
.Nm getgrnam_r ,
.Nm getgrgid ,
.Nm getgrgid_r ,
.Nm setgroupent ,
.\" .Nm setgrfile ,
.Nm setgrent ,
.Nm endgrent
.Nd group database operations
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.In sys/types.h
.In grp.h
.Ft struct group *
.Fn getgrent void
.Ft struct group *
.Fn getgrnam "const char *name"
.Ft int
.Fn getgrnam_r "const char *name" "struct group *grp" "char *buffer" "size_t bufsize" "struct group **result"
.Ft struct group *
.Fn getgrgid "gid_t gid"
.Ft int
.Fn getgrgid_r "gid_t gid" "struct group *grp" "char *buffer" "size_t bufsize" "struct group **result"
.Ft int
.Fn setgroupent "int stayopen"
.\" .Ft void
.\" .Fn setgrfile "const char *name"
.Ft void
.Fn setgrent void
.Ft void
.Fn endgrent void
.Sh DESCRIPTION
These functions operate on the group database file
.Pa /etc/group
which is described
in
.Xr group 5 .
Each line of the database is defined by the structure
.Li struct group
found in the include
file
.In grp.h :
.Bd -literal -offset indent
struct group {
	char	*gr_name;	/* group name */
	char	*gr_passwd;	/* group password */
	gid_t	gr_gid;		/* group id */
	char	**gr_mem;	/* group members */
};
.Ed
.Pp
The functions
.Fn getgrnam
and
.Fn getgrgid
search the group database for the given group name pointed to by
.Fa name
or the group ID pointed to by
.Fa gid ,
respectively, returning the first one encountered.
Identical group names or group GIDs may result in undefined behavior.
.Pp
.Fn getgrent
sequentially reads the group database and is intended for programs
that wish to step through the complete list of groups.
.Pp
All three routines will open the group file for reading, if necessary.
.Pp
.Fn setgroupent
opens the file, or rewinds it if it is already open.
If
.Fa stayopen
is non-zero, file descriptors are left open, significantly speeding
subsequent function calls.
This functionality is unnecessary for
.Fn getgrent
as it doesn't close its file descriptors by default.
It should also
be noted that it is dangerous for long-running programs to use this
functionality as the group file may be updated.
.Pp
.Fn setgrent
is equivalent to
.Fn setgroupent
with an argument of zero.
.Pp
The
.Fn endgrent
function closes any open files.
.Pp
The
.Fn getgrgid_r
and
.Fn getgrnam_r
functions both update the group structure pointed to by
.Fa grp
and store a pointer to that structure at the location pointed to by
.Fa result .
The structure is filled with an entry from the group database with a
matching
.Fa gid
or
.Fa name .
Storage referenced by the group structure will be allocated from the memory
provided with the
.Fa buffer
parameter, which is
.Fa bufsiz
characters in size.
.\" The maximum size needed for this buffer can be determined with the
.\" .Dv _SC_GETGR_R_SIZE_MAX
.\" .Xr sysconf 2
.\" parameter.
.Ss YP support
If YP is active, the functions
.Fn getgrent
and
.Fn getgrnam
also use the
.Pa group.byname
YP map and the function
.Fn getgrgid
also uses the
.Pa group.bygid
YP map in addition to the group file,
respecting the order of normal and YP entries in the group file.
.Sh RETURN VALUES
The functions
.Fn getgrent ,
.Fn getgrnam ,
and
.Fn getgrgid
return a pointer to the group entry if successful; if end-of-file
is reached or an error occurs a
.Dv NULL
pointer is returned.
.Pp
The
.Fn setgroupent
function returns the value 1 if successful, otherwise 0.
.Pp
The
.Fn endgrent
and
.Fn setgrent
functions have no return value.
.Pp
The functions
.Fn getgrgid_r
and
.Fn getgrnam_r
update
.Ar result
to point to
.Ar grp
if a match is found or set it to
.Dv NULL
if no match is found or an error occurs.
They return 0 on success, even if no match is found,
or an error number if an error occurs; see
.Sx ERRORS .
.Sh FILES
.Bl -tag -width /etc/group -compact
.It Pa /etc/group
group database file
.El
.Sh ERRORS
The
.Fn getgruid_r
and
.Fn getgrnam_r
functions may fail if:
.Bl -tag -width Er
.It Bq Er ERANGE
The storage supplied via
.Fa buffer
and
.Fa bufsize
is too small and cannot contain all the strings to be returned in
.Fa grp .
.El
.Pp
The
.Fn getgrent ,
.Fn getgrgid ,
.Fn getgrgid_r ,
.Fn getgrnam ,
and
.Fn getgrnam_r
functions may also fail for any of the errors specified for
.Xr fgets 3 ,
.Xr getc 3 ,
and
.Xr strtoul 3 .
If YP is active, they may also fail due to errors caused by the YP subsystem.
.Pp
The
.Fn setgroupent
function may fail for any of the errors specified for
.Xr fopen 3 .
.Pp
The
.Fn endgrent ,
.Fn getgrgid_r ,
.Fn getgrnam_r ,
and
.Fn setgrent
functions do not set errno.
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr getpwent 3 ,
.Xr ypclnt 3 ,
.Xr group 5 ,
.Xr yp 8
.Sh STANDARDS
The functions
.Fn getgrgid ,
.Fn getgrgid_r ,
.Fn getgrnam ,
and
.Fn getgrnam_r
are compliant with the
.St -p1003.1-2008
specification.
.Pp
The functions
.Fn endgrent ,
.Fn getgrent ,
and
.Fn setgrent
are compliant with the X/Open System Interfaces option of the
.St -p1003.1-2008
specification.
.Pp
.Sx YP support
and the
.Fn setgroupent
function are extensions to that specification.
.Sh HISTORY
The functions
.Fn endgrent ,
.Fn getgrent ,
.Fn getgrnam ,
.Fn getgrgid ,
and
.Fn setgrent
appeared in
.At v7 .
The functions
.Fn setgrfile
and
.Fn setgroupent
appeared in
.Bx 4.3 Reno .
.Pp
The historic function
.Xr setgrfile 3 ,
which allowed the specification of alternate group databases, has
been deprecated and is no longer available.
.Sh BUGS
The functions
.Fn getgrent ,
.Fn getgrnam ,
.Fn getgrgid ,
.Fn setgroupent ,
and
.Fn setgrent
leave their results in an internal static object and return
a pointer to that object.
Subsequent calls to the same function will modify the same object.
.Pp
The functions
.Fn getgrent ,
.Fn endgrent ,
.Fn setgroupent ,
and
.Fn setgrent
are fairly useless in a networked environment and should be
avoided, if possible.