.\"	$OpenBSD: posix_spawn.3,v 1.9 2017/10/17 22:47:58 schwarze Exp $
.\"
.\" Copyright (c) 2012 Marc Espie <espie@openbsd.org>
.\"
.\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
.\" purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
.\" copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
.\"
.\" THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
.\" WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
.\" MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
.\" ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
.\" WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
.\" ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
.\" OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
.\"
.Dd $Mdocdate: October 17 2017 $
.Dt POSIX_SPAWN 3
.Os
.Sh NAME
.Nm posix_spawn , posix_spawnp
.Nd launch external command
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.In spawn.h
.Ft int
.Fn posix_spawn "pid_t *restrict pidp" "const char *restrict path" "const posix_spawn_file_actions_t *file_actions" "const posix_spawnattr_t *restrict attrp" "char *const argv[restrict]" "char *const envp[restrict]"
.Ft int
.Fn posix_spawnp "pid_t *restrict pidp" "const char *restrict file" "const posix_spawn_file_actions_t *file_actions" "const posix_spawnattr_t *restrict attrp" "char *const argv[restrict]" "char *const envp[restrict]"
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Fn posix_spawn
function forks a new process and starts an external program from
pathname
.Fa path .
.Pp
The
.Fn posix_spawnp
function is similar, except it constructs the pathname from
.Fa file
following the usual
.Ev PATH
handling rules:
if file contains a slash, then it is directly used as a path.
Otherwise,
.Fn posix_spawnp
searches every directory mentioned in
.Ev PATH
until it finds an executable.
If
.Ev PATH
is not set, the default is
.Dq /usr/bin:/bin .
.Pp
Arguments to the new process are passed to
.Xr execve 2
as
.Fa argv
and
.Fa envp .
If
.Fa envp
is NULL, the environment is passed unchanged from the parent process.
.Pp
If
.Fa file_actions
is a null pointer, file descriptors open in the parent process
follow the usual rules: they remain open in the child process unless they've
been marked
.Dv FD_CLOEXEC
with
.Xr fcntl 2 .
.Pp
Otherwise, file descriptors in the child process
are altered according to
.Xr posix_spawn_file_actions_init 3 ,
.Xr posix_spawn_file_actions_addclose 3 ,
.Xr posix_spawn_file_actions_adddup2 3 ,
and
.Xr posix_spawn_file_actions_addopen 3 .
.Pp
The
.Fa attrp
argument can be used to control signal, UID and GID handling in the
child process.
.Pp
If
.Fa attrp
is NULL, default values are used: caught signals in the parent
process are set to the default value in the child process, and ignored signals
stay ignored.
.Pp
See
.Xr posix_spawnattr_setflags 3
for attribute details.
.Sh RETURN VALUES
Upon successful completion, both functions return 0.
If
.Fa pidp
is not a NULL pointer,
.Li *pidp
gets set to the PID of the newly created child process.
.Pp
In case of an error, both functions may return
.Fn fork
or
.Fn exec
return values and set
.Va errno
accordingly.
.Pp
Note, however, that after the new process is started, the child
process has no way to return an error value.
In case of a problem, the child process will instead exit
with exit status 127.
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr execve 2 ,
.Xr fork 2 ,
.Xr posix_spawn_file_actions_addclose 3 ,
.Xr posix_spawn_file_actions_init 3 ,
.Xr posix_spawnattr_init 3 ,
.Xr posix_spawnattr_setflags 3
.Sh STANDARDS
Both functions conform to
.St -p1003.1-2001 .
.Sh HISTORY
These functions were ported from
.Fx
to
.Ox 5.2 .
.Sh AUTHORS
.An \&Ed Shouten Aq Mt ed@FreeBSD.org