.\" $OpenBSD: sysctl.3,v 1.214 2012/04/12 14:25:57 deraadt Exp $ .\" .\" Copyright (c) 1993 .\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. .\" .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without .\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions .\" are met: .\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. .\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the .\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. .\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors .\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software .\" without specific prior written permission. .\" .\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND .\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE .\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE .\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE .\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL .\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS .\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) .\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT .\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY .\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF .\" SUCH DAMAGE. .\" .Dd $Mdocdate: April 12 2012 $ .Dt SYSCTL 3 .Os .Sh NAME .Nm sysctl .Nd get or set system information .Sh SYNOPSIS .Fd #include .Fd #include .Ft int .Fn sysctl "int *name" "u_int namelen" "void *oldp" "size_t *oldlenp" "void *newp" "size_t newlen" .Sh DESCRIPTION The .Fn sysctl function retrieves system information and allows processes with appropriate privileges to set system information. The information available from .Fn sysctl consists of integers, strings, and tables. Information may be retrieved and set from the command interface using the .Xr sysctl 8 utility. .Pp Unless explicitly noted below, .Fn sysctl returns a consistent snapshot of the data requested. Consistency is obtained by locking the destination buffer into memory so that the data may be copied out without blocking. Calls to .Fn sysctl are serialized to avoid deadlock. .Pp The state is described using a .Dq Management Information Base (MIB) style name, listed in .Fa name , which is a .Fa namelen length array of integers. .Pp The information is copied into the buffer specified by .Fa oldp . The size of the buffer is given by the location specified by .Fa oldlenp before the call, and that location gives the amount of data copied after a successful call. If the amount of data available is greater than the size of the buffer supplied, the call supplies as much data as fits in the buffer provided and returns with the error code .Er ENOMEM . If the old value is not desired, .Fa oldp and .Fa oldlenp should be set to .Dv NULL . .Pp The size of the available data can be determined by calling .Fn sysctl with a .Dv NULL parameter for .Fa oldp . The size of the available data will be returned in the location pointed to by .Fa oldlenp . For some operations, the amount of space may change often. For these operations, the system attempts to round up so that the returned size is large enough for a call to return the data shortly thereafter. .Pp To set a new value, .Fa newp is set to point to a buffer of length .Fa newlen from which the requested value is to be taken. If a new value is not to be set, .Fa newp should be set to .Dv NULL and .Fa newlen set to 0. .Pp The top level names are defined with a .Dv CTL_ prefix in .Aq Pa sys/sysctl.h , and are as follows. The next and subsequent levels down are found in the include files listed here, and described in separate sections below. .Bl -column "CTL_MACHDEP" "ufs/ffs/ffs_extern.h" "Description" -offset indent .It Sy "Name" Ta Sy "Next level names" Ta Sy "Description" .It Dv CTL_DDB Ta "ddb/db_var.h" Ta "Kernel debugger" .It Dv CTL_DEBUG Ta "sys/sysctl.h" Ta "Debugging" .It Dv CTL_FS Ta "sys/sysctl.h" Ta "File system" .It Dv CTL_HW Ta "sys/sysctl.h" Ta "Generic CPU, I/O" .It Dv CTL_KERN Ta "sys/sysctl.h" Ta "High kernel limits" .It Dv CTL_MACHDEP Ta "sys/sysctl.h" Ta "Machine dependent" .It Dv CTL_NET Ta "sys/socket.h" Ta "Networking" .It Dv CTL_USER Ta "sys/sysctl.h" Ta "User-level" .It Dv CTL_VFS Ta "ufs/ffs/ffs_extern.h" Ta "Virtual file system" .It Dv CTL_VM Ta "uvm/uvm_param.h" Ta "Virtual memory" .El .Pp For example, the following retrieves the maximum number of processes allowed in the system: .Bd -literal -offset indent int mib[2], maxproc; size_t len; mib[0] = CTL_KERN; mib[1] = KERN_MAXPROC; len = sizeof(maxproc); if (sysctl(mib, 2, &maxproc, &len, NULL, 0) == -1) err(1, "sysctl"); .Ed .Pp To retrieve the standard search path for the system utilities: .Bd -literal -offset indent int mib[2]; size_t len; char *p; mib[0] = CTL_USER; mib[1] = USER_CS_PATH; if (sysctl(mib, 2, NULL, &len, NULL, 0) == -1) err(1, "sysctl"); if ((p = malloc(len)) == NULL) err(1, NULL); if (sysctl(mib, 2, p, &len, NULL, 0) == -1) err(1, "sysctl"); .Ed .Ss CTL_DDB Integer information and settable variables are available for the .Dv CTL_DDB level , as described below. More information is also available in .Xr ddb 4 . .Bl -column "Second level name" "integer" "Changeable" -offset indent .It Sy "Second level name" Ta Sy "Type" Ta Sy "Changeable" .It Dv DBCTL_CONSOLE Ta "integer" Ta "yes" .It Dv DBCTL_LOG Ta "integer" Ta "yes" .It Dv DBCTL_MAXLINE Ta "integer" Ta "yes" .It Dv DBCTL_MAXWIDTH Ta "integer" Ta "yes" .It Dv DBCTL_PANIC Ta "integer" Ta "yes" .It Dv DBCTL_RADIX Ta "integer" Ta "yes" .It Dv DBCTL_TABSTOP Ta "integer" Ta "yes" .It Dv DBCTL_TRIGGER Ta "integer" Ta "yes" .El .Bl -tag -width "123456" .It Dv DBCTL_CONSOLE When this variable is set, an architecture dependent magic key sequence on the console or a debugger button will permit entry into the kernel debugger. When running with a .Xr securelevel 7 greater than 0, this variable may not be raised. .It Dv DBCTL_LOG When set, ddb output is also logged in the kernel message buffer. .It Dv DBCTL_MAXLINE Determines the number of lines to page in .Xr ddb 4 . This variable is also available as the ddb .Dv $lines variable. .It Dv DBCTL_MAXWIDTH Determines the maximum width of a line in .Xr ddb 4 . This variable is also available as the ddb .Dv $maxwidth variable. .It Dv DBCTL_PANIC When this variable is set, system panics may drop into the kernel debugger. When running with a .Xr securelevel 7 greater than 0, this variable may not be raised. .It Dv DBCTL_RADIX Determines the default radix or base for non-prefixed numbers entered into .Xr ddb 4 . This variable is also available as the ddb .Dv $radix variable. .It Dv DBCTL_TABSTOP Width of a tab stop in .Xr ddb 4 . This variable is also available as the ddb .Dv $tabstops variable. .It Dv DBCTL_TRIGGER When .Dv DBCTL_CONSOLE is set, writing to .Dv DBCTL_TRIGGER causes the system to enter .Xr ddb 4 . If .Xr securelevel 7 is greater than 0, the process writing to this variable must be running on the console in order to enter .Xr ddb 4 . .El .Ss CTL_DEBUG The debugging variables vary from system to system. A debugging variable may be added or deleted without need to recompile .Fn sysctl to know about it. Each time it runs, .Fn sysctl gets the list of debugging variables from the kernel and displays their current values. The system defines twenty .Li struct ctldebug variables named .Va debug0 through .Va debug19 . They are declared as separate variables so that they can be individually initialized at the location of their associated variable. The loader prevents multiple use of the same variable by issuing errors if a variable is initialized in more than one place. For example, to export the variable .Va dospecialcheck as a debugging variable, the following declaration would be used: .Bd -literal -offset indent int dospecialcheck = 1; struct ctldebug debug5 = { "dospecialcheck", &dospecialcheck }; .Ed .Ss CTL_FS The string and integer information available for the .Dv CTL_FS level is detailed below. The changeable column shows whether a process with appropriate privileges may change the value. .Bl -column "Second level name" "integer" "Changeable" -offset indent .It Sy "Second level name" Ta Sy "Type" Ta Sy "Changeable" .It Dv FS_POSIX_SETUID Ta "integer" Ta "yes" .El .Bl -tag -width "123456" .It Dv FS_POSIX_SETUID When this variable is set, ownership changes on a file will cause the .Va S_ISUID and .Va S_ISGID bits to be cleared. As detailed in .Xr securelevel 7 , this variable may not be changed if the securelevel is \*(Gt 0. .El .Ss CTL_HW The string and integer information available for the .Dv CTL_HW level is detailed below. The changeable column shows whether a process with appropriate privileges may change the value. .Bl -column "Second level name" "integer" "Changeable" -offset indent .It Sy "Second level name" Ta Sy "Type" Ta Sy "Changeable" .It Dv HW_ALLOWPOWERDOWN Ta "integer" Ta "yes" .It Dv HW_BYTEORDER Ta "integer" Ta "no" .It Dv HW_CPUSPEED Ta "integer" Ta "no" .It Dv HW_DISKCOUNT Ta "integer" Ta "no" .It Dv HW_DISKNAMES Ta "string" Ta "no" .It Dv HW_DISKSTATS Ta "struct" Ta "no" .It Dv HW_MACHINE Ta "string" Ta "no" .It Dv HW_MODEL Ta "string" Ta "no" .It Dv HW_NCPU Ta "integer" Ta "no" .It Dv HW_NCPUFOUND Ta "integer" Ta "no" .It Dv HW_PAGESIZE Ta "integer" Ta "no" .It Dv HW_PHYSMEM Ta "integer" Ta "no" .It Dv HW_PHYSMEM64 Ta "int64_t" Ta "no" .It Dv HW_PRODUCT Ta "string" Ta "no" .It Dv HW_SENSORS Ta "node" Ta "not applicable" .It Dv HW_SERIALNO Ta "string" Ta "no" .It Dv HW_SETPERF Ta "integer" Ta "yes" .It Dv HW_USERMEM Ta "integer" Ta "no" .It Dv HW_USERMEM64 Ta "int64_t" Ta "no" .It Dv HW_UUID Ta "string" Ta "no" .It Dv HW_VENDOR Ta "string" Ta "no" .It Dv HW_VERSION Ta "string" Ta "no" .El .Bl -tag -width "123456" .It Dv HW_ALLOWPOWERDOWN Some machines generate an interrupt when the power button is pressed and a driver can catch that interrupt. When this variable is set, such an event will cause the system to perform a regular shutdown and power off the machine. When running with a .Xr securelevel 7 greater than 0, this variable may not be changed. .It Dv HW_BYTEORDER The byteorder (4321 or 1234). .It Dv HW_CPUSPEED The current CPU frequency .Pq in MHz . .It Dv HW_DISKCOUNT The number of disks currently attached to the system. .It Dv HW_DISKNAMES A comma-separated list of disk names. .It Dv HW_DISKSTATS An array of .Li struct diskstats structures containing disk statistics. .It Dv HW_MACHINE The machine class. .It Dv HW_MODEL The machine model. .It Dv HW_NCPU The number of CPUs being used. .It Dv HW_NCPUFOUND The number of CPUs found. .It Dv HW_PAGESIZE The software page size. .It Dv HW_PHYSMEM The total physical memory, in bytes. This variable is deprecated; use .Dv HW_PHYSMEM64 instead. .It Dv HW_PHYSMEM64 The total physical memory, in bytes. .It Dv HW_PRODUCT The product name of the machine. .It Dv HW_SENSORS Third level comprises an array of .Li struct sensordev structures containing information about devices that may attach hardware monitoring sensors. .Pp Third, fourth and fifth levels together comprise an array of .Li struct sensor structures containing snapshot readings of hardware monitoring sensors. In such usage, third level indicates the numerical representation of the sensor device name to which the sensor is attached (a device's xname and number are matched with the help of .Li struct sensordev structure above), fourth level indicates sensor type and fifth level is an ordinal sensor number (unique to the specified sensor type on the specified sensor device). .Pp The .Sy sensordev and .Sy sensor structures and .Sy sensor_type enumeration are defined in .Aq Pa sys/sensors.h . .It Dv HW_SERIALNO The serial number of the machine. .It Dv HW_SETPERF Current CPU performance .Pq percentage . .It Dv HW_USERMEM The amount of available non-kernel memory in bytes. This variable is deprecated; use .Dv HW_USERMEM64 instead. .It Dv HW_USERMEM64 The amount of available non-kernel memory in bytes. .It Dv HW_UUID The universal unique identification number assigned to the machine. .It Dv HW_VENDOR The vendor name for this machine. .It Dv HW_VERSION The version or revision of this machine. .El .Ss CTL_KERN The string and integer information available for the .Dv CTL_KERN level is detailed below. The changeable column shows whether a process with appropriate privileges may change the value. The types of data currently available are process information, system vnodes, the open file entries, routing table entries, virtual memory statistics, load average history, and clock rate information. .Bl -column "KERN_CRYPTODEVALLOWSOFT" "u_int64_t[CPUSTATES]" "no" -offset indent .It Sy "Second level name" Ta Sy "Type" Ta Sy "Changeable" .It Dv KERN_ARGMAX Ta "integer" Ta "no" .It Dv KERN_ARND Ta "char[]" Ta "no" .It Dv KERN_BOOTTIME Ta "struct timeval" Ta "no" .It Dv KERN_BUFCACHEPERCENT Ta "integer" Ta "yes" .It Dv KERN_CCPU Ta "integer" Ta "no" .It Dv KERN_CLOCKRATE Ta "struct clockinfo" Ta "no" .It Dv KERN_CONSDEV Ta "dev_t" Ta "no" .It Dv KERN_CPTIME Ta "long[CPUSTATES]" Ta "no" .It Dv KERN_CPTIME2 Ta "u_int64_t[CPUSTATES]" Ta "no" .It Dv KERN_CRYPTODEVALLOWSOFT Ta "integer" Ta "yes" .It Dv KERN_DOMAINNAME Ta "string" Ta "yes" .It Dv KERN_EMUL Ta "node" Ta "not applicable" .It Dv KERN_FILE Ta "struct file" Ta "no" .It Dv KERN_FILE2 Ta "struct kinfo_file2" Ta "no" .It Dv KERN_FORKSTAT Ta "struct forkstat" Ta "no" .It Dv KERN_FSCALE Ta "integer" Ta "no" .It Dv KERN_FSYNC Ta "integer" Ta "no" .It Dv KERN_HOSTID Ta "integer" Ta "yes" .It Dv KERN_HOSTNAME Ta "string" Ta "yes" .It Dv KERN_INTRCNT Ta "node" Ta "not applicable" .It Dv KERN_JOB_CONTROL Ta "integer" Ta "no" .It Dv KERN_MALLOCSTATS Ta "node" Ta "no" .It Dv KERN_MAXCLUSTERS Ta "integer" Ta "yes" .It Dv KERN_MAXFILES Ta "integer" Ta "yes" .It Dv KERN_MAXLOCKSPERUID Ta "integer" Ta "yes" .It Dv KERN_MAXPARTITIONS Ta "integer" Ta "no" .It Dv KERN_MAXPROC Ta "integer" Ta "yes" .It Dv KERN_MAXTHREAD Ta "integer" Ta "yes" .It Dv KERN_MAXVNODES Ta "integer" Ta "yes" .It Dv KERN_MBSTAT Ta "struct mbstat" Ta "no" .It Dv KERN_MSGBUF Ta "char[]" Ta "no" .It Dv KERN_MSGBUFSIZE Ta "integer" Ta "no" .It Dv KERN_NCHSTATS Ta "struct nchstats" Ta "no" .It Dv KERN_NFILES Ta "integer" Ta "no" .It Dv KERN_NGROUPS Ta "integer" Ta "no" .It Dv KERN_NOSUIDCOREDUMP Ta "integer" Ta "yes" .It Dv KERN_NPROCS Ta "integer" Ta "no" .It Dv KERN_NSELCOLL Ta "integer" Ta "no" .It Dv KERN_NTHREADS Ta "integer" Ta "no" .It Dv KERN_NUMVNODES Ta "integer" Ta "no" .It Dv KERN_OSRELEASE Ta "string" Ta "no" .It Dv KERN_OSREV Ta "integer" Ta "no" .It Dv KERN_OSTYPE Ta "string" Ta "no" .It Dv KERN_OSVERSION Ta "string" Ta "no" .It Dv KERN_POSIX1 Ta "integer" Ta "no" .It Dv KERN_PROC Ta "struct kinfo_proc" Ta "no" .It Dv KERN_PROC_ARGS Ta "node" Ta "not applicable" .It Dv KERN_PROC_CWD Ta "string" Ta "not applicable" .It Dv KERN_PROF Ta "node" Ta "not applicable" .It Dv KERN_RAWPARTITION Ta "integer" Ta "no" .It Dv KERN_RND Ta "struct rndstats" Ta "no" .It Dv KERN_RTHREADS Ta "integer" Ta "yes" .It Dv KERN_SAVED_IDS Ta "integer" Ta "no" .It Dv KERN_SECURELVL Ta "integer" Ta "raise only" .It Dv KERN_SEMINFO Ta "node" Ta "not applicable" .It Dv KERN_SHMINFO Ta "node" Ta "not applicable" .It Dv KERN_SOMAXCONN Ta "integer" Ta "yes" .It Dv KERN_SOMINCONN Ta "integer" Ta "yes" .It Dv KERN_SPLASSERT Ta "int" Ta "yes" .It Dv KERN_STACKGAPRANDOM Ta "integer" Ta "yes" .It Dv KERN_SYSVIPC_INFO Ta "node" Ta "not applicable" .It Dv KERN_SYSVMSG Ta "integer" Ta "no" .It Dv KERN_SYSVSEM Ta "integer" Ta "no" .It Dv KERN_SYSVSHM Ta "integer" Ta "no" .It Dv KERN_TIMECOUNTER Ta "node" Ta "not applicable" .It Dv KERN_TTY Ta "node" Ta "not applicable" .It Dv KERN_TTYCOUNT Ta "integer" Ta "no" .It Dv KERN_USERASYMCRYPTO Ta "integer" Ta "yes" .It Dv KERN_USERCRYPTO Ta "integer" Ta "yes" .It Dv KERN_USERMOUNT Ta "integer" Ta "yes" .It Dv KERN_VERSION Ta "string" Ta "no" .It Dv KERN_VNODE Ta "struct e_vnode" Ta "no" .It Dv KERN_WATCHDOG Ta "node" Ta "not applicable" .El .Bl -tag -width "123456" .It Dv KERN_ARGMAX The maximum number of bytes allowed among the arguments to .Xr exec 3 . .It Dv KERN_ARND Returns a maximum of 256 random bytes from the kernel using the .Xr arc4random 9 function. This can be useful if .Pa /dev/arandom is not available (see .Xr random 4 ) . .It Dv KERN_BOOTTIME A .Li struct timeval structure is returned. This structure contains the time that the system was booted. .It Dv KERN_BUFCACHEPERCENT The maximum percentage of physical memory the buffer cache may use; the default is 20%. .It Dv KERN_CCPU The scheduler exponential decay value. .It Dv KERN_CLOCKRATE A .Li struct clockinfo structure is returned. This structure contains the clock, statistics clock and profiling clock frequencies, the number of micro-seconds per hz tick, and the clock skew rate. .It Dv KERN_CONSDEV The console device. .It Dv KERN_CPTIME An array of longs of size .Li CPUSTATES is returned, containing statistics about the number of ticks spent by the system in interrupt processing, user processes .Po .Xr nice 1 or normal .Pc , system processing, or idling. .It Dv KERN_CPTIME2 Similar to .Dv KERN_CPTIME , but obtains information from only the single CPU specified by the third level name given. .It Dv KERN_CRYPTODEVALLOWSOFT Permits userland to use .Pa /dev/crypto even if there is no hardware crypto accelerator in the system. .It Dv KERN_DOMAINNAME Get or set the YP domain name. .It Dv KERN_EMUL Enable binary emulation. .Bl -column "KERN_EMUL_ENABLED" "integer" "Changeable" -offset indent .It Sy "Third level name" Ta Sy "Type" Ta Sy Changeable .It Dv KERN_EMUL_ENABLED Ta "integer" Ta "yes" .It Dv KERN_EMUL_NAME Ta "string" Ta "no" .It Dv KERN_EMUL_NEMULS Ta "integer" Ta "no" .El .Pp Third level names in .Dv KERN_EMUL other than .Dv KERN_EMUL_NEMULS refer to a specific emulation available in the kernel. Valid values range from 1 to the return value of .Dv KERN_EMUL_NEMULS . The fourth level names available are .Dv KERN_EMUL_NAME , which returns a string with the emulation name, and .Dv KERN_EMUL_ENABLED , which is an adjustable integer. .Pp Note that using this interface exposes duplicate entries which are consolidated by the userland frontend. .It Dv KERN_FILE Return the entire file table. This name is deprecated, as the layout of the returned structures is not a stable ABI; use .Dv KERN_FILE2 instead. The returned data consists of a single .Li struct filehead followed by an array of .Li struct file , whose size depends on the current number of such objects in the system. .It Dv KERN_FILE2 Like .Dv KERN_FILE but an array of .Li struct kinfo_file2 structures is returned. The third and fourth level names are as follows: .Bl -column "Third level name" "Fourth level is:" -offset indent .It Sy "Third level name" Ta Sy "Fourth level is:" .It Dv KERN_FILE_BYFILE Ta "Zero" .It Dv KERN_FILE_BYPID Ta "A process ID" .It Dv KERN_FILE_BYUID Ta "A user ID" .El .Pp The fifth level name is the size of the .Li struct kinfo_file2 and the sixth level name is the number of structures to return. .It Dv KERN_FORKSTAT A .Li struct forkstat structure is returned. This structure contains information about the number of .Xr fork 2 , .Xr vfork 2 , and .Xr __tfork 2 system calls as well as kernel thread creations since system startup, and the number of pages of virtual memory involved in each. .It Dv KERN_FSCALE The kernel fixed-point scale factor. .It Dv KERN_FSYNC Return 1 if the File Synchronisation Option is available on this system, otherwise 0. .It Dv KERN_HOSTID Get or set the host ID. .It Dv KERN_HOSTNAME Get or set the hostname. .It Dv KERN_JOB_CONTROL Return 1 if job control is available on this system, otherwise 0. .It Dv KERN_MALLOCSTATS Return kernel memory bucket statistics. The third level names are detailed below. There are no changeable values in this branch. .Bl -column "KERN_MALLOC_KMEMNAMES" "string" -offset indent .It Sy "Third level name" Ta Sy "Type" .It Dv KERN_MALLOC_BUCKET Ta "node" .It Dv KERN_MALLOC_BUCKETS Ta "string" .It Dv KERN_MALLOC_KMEMNAMES Ta "string" .It Dv KERN_MALLOC_KMEMSTATS Ta "node" .El .Pp The variables are as follows: .Bl -tag -width "123456" .It Dv KERN_MALLOC_BUCKET.\*(Ltsize\*(Gt A node containing the statistics for the memory bucket of the specified size (in decimal notation, the number of bytes per bucket element, e.g., 16, 32, 128). Each node returns a .Li struct kmembuckets . .Pp If a value is specified that does not correspond directly to a bucket size, the statistics for the closest larger bucket size will be returned instead. .Pp Note that bucket sizes are typically powers of 2. .It Dv KERN_MALLOC_BUCKETS Return a comma-separated list of the bucket sizes used by the kernel. .It Dv KERN_MALLOC_KMEMNAMES Return a comma-separated list of the names of the kernel .Xr malloc 9 types. .It Dv KERN_MALLOC_KMEMSTATS A node containing the statistics for the memory types of the specified name. Each node returns a .Li struct kmemstats . .El .It Dv KERN_MAXCLUSTERS The maximum number of .Xr mbuf 9 clusters that may be allocated. .It Dv KERN_MAXFILES The maximum number of open files that may be open in the system. .It Dv KERN_MAXLOCKSPERUID The maximum number of file locks per user; the default is 1024. .It Dv KERN_MAXPARTITIONS The maximum number of partitions allowed per disk. .It Dv KERN_MAXPROC The maximum number of simultaneous processes the system will allow. .It Dv KERN_MAXTHREAD The maximum number of simultaneous threads the system will allow. .It Dv KERN_MAXVNODES The maximum number of vnodes available on the system. .It Dv KERN_MBSTAT A .Li struct mbstat structure is returned, containing statistics on .Xr mbuf 9 usage. .It Dv KERN_MSGBUF Returns a buffer containing kernel log messages. .It Dv KERN_MSGBUFSIZE The size of the kernel message buffer. .It Dv KERN_NCHSTATS A .Li struct nchstats structure is returned. This structure contains information about the filename to .Xr inode 5 mapping cache. .It Dv KERN_NFILES Number of open files. .It Dv KERN_NGROUPS The maximum number of supplemental groups. .It Dv KERN_NOSUIDCOREDUMP Whether a process may dump core after changing user or group ID: .Bl -column "value" "condition" "current directory" .It Sy "value" Ta Sy "condition" Ta Sy "dump core to" .It 0 Ta "euid == 0" Ta "current directory" .It 1 Ta "never" Ta "" .It 2 Ta "always" Ta Pa "/var/crash" .El .It Dv KERN_NPROCS The number of entries in the kernel process table. .It Dv KERN_NSELCOLL Number of .Xr select 2 collisions. .It Dv KERN_NTHREADS The number of entries in the kernel thread table. .It Dv KERN_NUMVNODES Number of vnodes in use. .It Dv KERN_OSRELEASE The system release string. .It Dv KERN_OSREV The system revision number. .It Dv KERN_OSTYPE The system type string. .It Dv KERN_OSVERSION The kernel build version. .It Dv KERN_POSIX1 The version of ISO/IEC 9945 (POSIX 1003.1) with which the system attempts to comply. .It Dv KERN_PROC Return the entire process table, or a subset of it. An array of .Li struct kinfo_proc structures is returned, whose size depends on the current number of such objects in the system. The third and fourth level names are as follows: .Bl -column "KERN_PROC_SESSION" "Fourth level is:" -offset indent .It Sy "Third level name" Ta Sy "Fourth level is:" .It Dv KERN_PROC_ALL Ta "None" .It Dv KERN_PROC_KTHREAD Ta "A kernel thread" .It Dv KERN_PROC_PID Ta "A process ID" .It Dv KERN_PROC_PGRP Ta "A process group" .It Dv KERN_PROC_RUID Ta "A real user ID" .It Dv KERN_PROC_SESSION Ta "A session PID" .It Dv KERN_PROC_TTY Ta "A tty device" .It Dv KERN_PROC_UID Ta "A user ID" .El .Pp The fifth level name is the size of the .Li struct kinfo_proc and the sixth level name is the number of structures to return. .It Dv KERN_PROC_ARGS Returns the arguments or environment of a process. The third level name is the PID of the process. The fourth level name is one of: .Bl -column KERN_PROC_NARGV -offset indent .It Dv KERN_PROC_ARGV .It Dv KERN_PROC_ENV .It Dv KERN_PROC_NARGV .It Dv KERN_PROC_NENV .El .Pp .Dv KERN_PROC_NARGV and .Dv KERN_PROC_NENV return the number of elements as an .Vt int in the argv or env array. .Dv KERN_PROC_ARGV returns the argv array and .Dv KERN_PROC_ENV returns the environ array. The buffer pointed to by .Fa oldp is filled with an array of char pointers followed by the strings themselves. The last char pointer is a .Dv NULL pointer. .It Dv KERN_PROC_CWD Return the current working directory of a process. The third level name is the target process ID. A NUL-terminated string is returned. .It Dv KERN_PROF Return profiling information about the kernel. If the kernel is not compiled for profiling, attempts to retrieve any of the .Dv KERN_PROF values will fail with .Er EOPNOTSUPP . The third level names for the string and integer profiling information are detailed below. The changeable column shows whether a process with appropriate privileges may change the value. .Bl -column "Third level name" "struct gmonparam" -offset indent .It Sy "Third level name" Ta Sy "Type" Ta Sy "Changeable" .It Dv GPROF_COUNT Ta "u_short[]" Ta "yes" .It Dv GPROF_FROMS Ta "u_short[]" Ta "yes" .It Dv GPROF_GMONPARAM Ta "struct gmonparam" Ta "no" .It Dv GPROF_STATE Ta "integer" Ta "yes" .It Dv GPROF_TOS Ta "struct tostruct" Ta "yes" .El .Pp The variables are as follows: .Bl -tag -width "123456" .It Dv GPROF_COUNT Array of statistical program counter counts. .It Dv GPROF_FROMS Array indexed by program counter of call-from points. .It Dv GPROF_GMONPARAM Structure giving the sizes of the above arrays. .It Dv GPROF_STATE Returns .Dv GMON_PROF_ON or .Dv GMON_PROF_OFF to show that profiling is running or stopped. .It Dv GPROF_TOS Array of .Li struct tostruct describing destination of calls and their counts. .El .It Dv KERN_RAWPARTITION The raw partition of a disk (a == 0). .It Dv KERN_RND Returns statistics about the .Pa /dev/random device in a .Li struct rndstats structure. .It Dv KERN_RTHREADS Enable the syscalls needed for kernel level threading. Experimental. .It Dv KERN_SAVED_IDS Returns 1 if saved set-group-ID and saved set-user-ID are available. .It Dv KERN_SECURELVL The system security level. This level may be raised by processes with appropriate privileges. It may only be lowered by process 1. .It Dv KERN_SEMINFO Return the elements of .Li struct seminfo . If the kernel is not compiled with System V style semaphore support, attempts to retrieve any of the .Dv KERN_SEMINFO values will fail with .Er EOPNOTSUPP . The third level names for the elements of .Li struct seminfo are detailed below. The changeable column shows whether a process with appropriate privileges may change the value. .Bl -column "KERN_SEMINFO_SEMMNI" "integer" "Changeable" -offset indent .It Sy "Third level name" Ta Sy "Type" Ta Sy "Changeable" .It Dv KERN_SEMINFO_SEMAEM Ta "integer" Ta "no" .It Dv KERN_SEMINFO_SEMMNI Ta "integer" Ta "yes" .It Dv KERN_SEMINFO_SEMMNS Ta "integer" Ta "yes" .It Dv KERN_SEMINFO_SEMMNU Ta "integer" Ta "yes" .It Dv KERN_SEMINFO_SEMMSL Ta "integer" Ta "yes" .It Dv KERN_SEMINFO_SEMOPM Ta "integer" Ta "yes" .It Dv KERN_SEMINFO_SEMUME Ta "integer" Ta "no" .It Dv KERN_SEMINFO_SEMUSZ Ta "integer" Ta "no" .It Dv KERN_SEMINFO_SEMVMX Ta "integer" Ta "no" .El .Pp The variables are as follows: .Bl -tag -width "123456" .It Dv KERN_SEMINFO_SEMAEM The adjust on exit maximum value. .It Dv KERN_SEMINFO_SEMMNI The maximum number of semaphore identifiers allowed. .It Dv KERN_SEMINFO_SEMMNS The maximum number of semaphores allowed in the system. .It Dv KERN_SEMINFO_SEMMNU The maximum number of semaphore undo structures allowed in the system. .It Dv KERN_SEMINFO_SEMMSL The maximum number of semaphores allowed per ID. .It Dv KERN_SEMINFO_SEMOPM The maximum number of operations per .Xr semop 2 call. .It Dv KERN_SEMINFO_SEMUME The maximum number of undo entries per process. .It Dv KERN_SEMINFO_SEMUSZ The size (in bytes) of the undo structure. .It Dv KERN_SEMINFO_SEMVMX The semaphore maximum value. .El .It Dv KERN_SHMINFO Return the elements of .Li struct shminfo . If the kernel is not compiled with System V style shared memory support, attempts to retrieve any of the .Dv KERN_SHMINFO values will fail with .Er EOPNOTSUPP . The third level names for the elements of .Li struct shminfo are detailed below. The changeable column shows whether a process with appropriate privileges may change the value. .Bl -column "KERN_SHMINFO_SHMMAX" "integer" "Changeable" -offset indent .It Sy "Third level name" Ta Sy "Type" Ta Sy "Changeable" .It Dv KERN_SHMINFO_SHMALL Ta "integer" Ta "yes" .It Dv KERN_SHMINFO_SHMMAX Ta "integer" Ta "yes" .It Dv KERN_SHMINFO_SHMMIN Ta "integer" Ta "yes" .It Dv KERN_SHMINFO_SHMMNI Ta "integer" Ta "yes" .It Dv KERN_SHMINFO_SHMSEG Ta "integer" Ta "yes" .El .Pp The variables are as follows: .Bl -tag -width "123456" .It Dv KERN_SHMINFO_SHMALL The maximum amount of total shared memory allowed in the system (in pages). .It Dv KERN_SHMINFO_SHMMAX The maximum shared memory segment size (in bytes). .It Dv KERN_SHMINFO_SHMMIN The minimum shared memory segment size (in bytes). .It Dv KERN_SHMINFO_SHMMNI The maximum number of shared memory identifiers in the system. .It Dv KERN_SHMINFO_SHMSEG The maximum number of shared memory segments per process. .El .It Dv KERN_SOMAXCONN Upper bound on the number of half-open connections a process can allow to be associated with a socket, using .Xr listen 2 . The default value is 128. .It Dv KERN_SOMINCONN Lower bound on the number of half-open connections a process can allow to be associated with a socket, using .Xr listen 2 . The default value is 80. .It Dv KERN_SPLASSERT Modify the system interrupt priority level. Valid values are: .Pp .Bl -tag -width 3n -offset indent -compact .It 0 Disable error checking. .It 1 Print a message if an error is detected. .It 2 Print a message if an error is detected, and a stack trace if possible. .It 3 The same as 2, but also drop into the kernel debugger. .El .Pp Any other value causes a system panic on errors. See .Xr splassert 9 for more information. .It Dv KERN_STACKGAPRANDOM Sets the range of the random value added to the stack pointer on each program execution. The random value is added to make buffer overflow exploitation slightly harder. The bigger the number, the harder it is to brute force this added protection, but it also means bigger waste of memory. .It Li KERN_SYSVIPC_INFO Return System V style IPC configuration and run-time information. The third level name selects the System V style IPC facility. .Bl -column "KERN_SYSVIPC_MSG_INFO" "struct shm_sysctl_info" -offset indent .It Sy "Third level name" Ta Sy "Type" .It Dv KERN_SYSVIPC_MSG_INFO Ta "struct msg_sysctl_info" .It Dv KERN_SYSVIPC_SEM_INFO Ta "struct sem_sysctl_info" .It Dv KERN_SYSVIPC_SHM_INFO Ta "struct shm_sysctl_info" .El .Bl -tag -width "123456" .It Dv KERN_SYSVIPC_MSG_INFO Return information on the System V style message facility. The .Sy msg_sysctl_info structure is defined in .Aq Pa sys/msg.h . .It Dv KERN_SYSVIPC_SEM_INFO Return information on the System V style semaphore facility. The .Sy sem_sysctl_info structure is defined in .Aq Pa sys/sem.h . .It Dv KERN_SYSVIPC_SHM_INFO Return information on the System V style shared memory facility. The .Sy shm_sysctl_info structure is defined in .Aq Pa sys/shm.h . .El .It Dv KERN_SYSVMSG Returns 1 if System V style message queue functionality is available on this system, otherwise 0. .It Dv KERN_SYSVSEM Returns 1 if System V style semaphore functionality is available on this system, otherwise 0. .It Dv KERN_SYSVSHM Returns 1 if System V style shared memory functionality is available on this system, otherwise 0. .It Dv KERN_TIMECOUNTER Return statistics information about the kernel time counter. The third level names information is detailed below. The changeable column shows whether a process with appropriate privileges may change the value. .Bl -column "KERN_TIMECOUNTER_TIMESTEPWARNINGS" "integer" -offset indent .It Sy "Third level name" Ta Sy "Type" Ta Sy "Changeable" .It Dv KERN_TIMECOUNTER_CHOICE Ta "string" Ta "no" .It Dv KERN_TIMECOUNTER_HARDWARE Ta "string" Ta "yes" .It Dv KERN_TIMECOUNTER_TICK Ta "integer" Ta "no" .It Dv KERN_TIMECOUNTER_TIMESTEPWARNINGS Ta "integer" Ta "yes" .El .Pp The variables are as follows: .Bl -tag -width "123456" .It Dv KERN_TIMECOUNTER_CHOICE Get the list of kernel time counter sources and their claimed quality (higher is better). .It Dv KERN_TIMECOUNTER_HARDWARE Get or set the kernel time counter source by name. .It Dv KERN_TIMECOUNTER_TICK Get the number of times we have reset the kernel time counter information. .It Dv KERN_TIMECOUNTER_TIMESTEPWARNINGS Get or set a flag to log a message when the kernel time is stepped. .El .It Dv KERN_TTY Return statistics information about tty input/output. The third level names information is detailed below. The changeable column shows whether a process with appropriate privileges may change the value. .Bl -column "KERN_TTY_TKRAWCC" "struct itty" "Changeable" -offset indent .It Sy "Third level name" Ta Sy "Type" Ta Sy "Changeable" .It Dv KERN_TTY_INFO Ta "struct itty" Ta "no" .It Dv KERN_TTY_NPTYS Ta "integer" Ta "no" .It Dv KERN_TTY_MAXPTYS Ta "integer" Ta "yes" .It Dv KERN_TTY_TKCANCC Ta "int64_t" Ta "no" .It Dv KERN_TTY_TKNIN Ta "int64_t" Ta "no" .It Dv KERN_TTY_TKNOUT Ta "int64_t" Ta "no" .It Dv KERN_TTY_TKRAWCC Ta "int64_t" Ta "no" .El .Pp The variables are as follows: .Bl -tag -width "123456" .It Dv KERN_TTY_INFO Returns an array of .Li struct itty structures containing tty statistics. .It Dv KERN_TTY_MAXPTYS The maximum number of .Xr pty 4 devices supported by the kernel. This is the upper bound on .Dv KERN_TTY_NPTYS . .It Dv KERN_TTY_NPTYS The current number of .Xr pty 4 devices allocated by the kernel. .It Dv KERN_TTY_TKCANCC Returns the number of input characters in canonical mode. .It Dv KERN_TTY_TKNIN Returns the number of input characters from a .Xr tty 4 . .It Dv KERN_TTY_TKNOUT Returns the number of output characters on a .Xr tty 4 . .It Dv KERN_TTY_TKRAWCC Returns the number of input characters in raw mode. .El .It Dv KERN_TTYCOUNT Number of available .Xr tty 4 devices. .It Dv KERN_USERASYMCRYPTO Permits userland to use .Pa /dev/crypto for cryptographic support for asymmetric (public) key operations via hardware cryptographic devices. .Dv KERN_USERCRYPTO (see below) must also be set. .It Dv KERN_USERCRYPTO Permits userland to use .Pa /dev/crypto for cryptographic support via hardware cryptographic devices. .It Dv KERN_USERMOUNT Return non-zero if regular users can issue .Xr mount 2 requests. The default value is 0. .It Dv KERN_VERSION The system version string. .It Dv KERN_VNODE Return the entire vnode table. Note, the vnode table is not necessarily a consistent snapshot of the system. The returned data consists of an array whose size depends on the current number of such objects in the system. Each element of the array contains the kernel address of a vnode .Pq Li struct vnode * followed by the vnode itself .Pq Li struct vnode . .It Dv KERN_WATCHDOG Return information on hardware watchdog timers. If the kernel does not support a hardware watchdog timer, attempts to retrieve or set any of the .Dv KERN_WATCHDOG values will fail with .Er EOPNOTSUPP . .Bl -column "KERN_WATCHDOG_PERIOD" "integer" "Changeable" -offset indent .It Sy "Third level name" Ta Sy "Type" Ta Sy "Changeable" .It Dv KERN_WATCHDOG_AUTO Ta "integer" Ta "yes" .It Dv KERN_WATCHDOG_PERIOD Ta "integer" Ta "yes" .El .Pp The variables are as follows: .Bl -tag -width "123456" .It Dv KERN_WATCHDOG_AUTO If set to 1, the kernel refreshes the watchdog timer periodically. If set to 0, a userland process must ensure that the watchdog timer gets refreshed by setting the .Dv KERN_WATCHDOG_PERIOD variable. .It Dv KERN_WATCHDOG_PERIOD The period of the watchdog timer in seconds. Set to 0 to disable the watchdog timer. .El .El .Ss CTL_MACHDEP The set of variables defined is architecture dependent. Most architectures define at least the following variables. .Bl -column "Second level name" "dev_t" "Changeable" -offset indent .It Sy "Second level name" Ta Sy "Type" Ta Sy "Changeable" .It Dv CPU_CONSDEV Ta "dev_t" Ta "no" .El .Ss CTL_NET The string and integer information available for the .Dv CTL_NET level is detailed below. The changeable column shows whether a process with appropriate privileges may change the value. .Bl -column "Second level name" "routing messages" "Changeable" -offset indent .It Sy "Second level name" Ta Sy "Type" Ta Sy "Changeable" .It Dv PF_ROUTE Ta "routing messages" Ta "no" .It Dv PF_INET Ta "IPv4 values" Ta "yes" .It Dv PF_INET6 Ta "IPv6 values" Ta "yes" .It Dv PF_KEY Ta "key management" Ta "no" .It Dv PF_PIPEX Ta "PIPEX values" Ta "yes" .El .Bl -tag -width "123456" .It Dv PF_ROUTE Return the entire routing table or a subset of it. The data is returned as a sequence of routing messages (see .Xr route 4 for the header file, format, and meaning). The length of each message is contained in the message header. .Pp The third level name is a protocol number, which is currently always 0. The fourth level name is an address family, which may be set to 0 to select all address families. The fifth and sixth level names are as follows: .Bl -column "Fifth level name" "Sixth level is:" -offset indent .It Sy "Fifth level name" Ta Sy "Sixth level is:" .It Dv NET_RT_DUMP Ta "None" .It Dv NET_RT_FLAGS Ta "rtflags" .It Dv NET_RT_IFLIST Ta "None" .It Dv NET_RT_STATS Ta "None" .El .Pp An optional seventh level name can be provided to select the routing table on which to run the operation. If not provided, the table with ID 0 is used. .It Dv PF_INET Get or set various global information about IPv4 .Pq Internet Protocol version 4 . The third level name is the protocol. The fourth level name is the variable name. The currently defined protocols and names are: .Bl -column "Protocol name" "ipsec-expire-acquire" "structure" "Changeable" -offset 2n .It Sy "Protocol name" Ta Sy "Variable name" Ta Sy "Type" Ta Sy "Changeable" .It ah Ta enable Ta integer Ta yes .It bpf Ta bufsize Ta integer Ta yes .It bpf Ta maxbufsize Ta integer Ta yes .It carp Ta allow Ta integer Ta yes .It carp Ta log Ta integer Ta yes .It carp Ta preempt Ta integer Ta yes .It divert Ta recvspace Ta integer Ta yes .It divert Ta sendspace Ta integer Ta yes .It esp Ta enable Ta integer Ta yes .It esp Ta udpencap Ta integer Ta yes .It esp Ta udpencap_port Ta integer Ta yes .It etherip Ta allow Ta integer Ta yes .It gre Ta allow Ta integer Ta yes .It gre Ta wccp Ta integer Ta yes .It icmp Ta bmcastecho Ta integer Ta yes .It icmp Ta errppslimit Ta integer Ta yes .It icmp Ta maskrepl Ta integer Ta yes .It icmp Ta rediraccept Ta integer Ta yes .It icmp Ta redirtimeout Ta integer Ta yes .It icmp Ta stats Ta structure Ta no .It icmp Ta tstamprepl Ta integer Ta yes .It ip Ta directed-broadcast Ta integer Ta yes .It ip Ta encdebug Ta integer Ta yes .It ip Ta forwarding Ta integer Ta yes .It ip Ta ipsec-allocs Ta integer Ta yes .It ip Ta ipsec-auth-alg Ta string Ta yes .It ip Ta ipsec-bytes Ta integer Ta yes .It ip Ta ipsec-comp-alg Ta string Ta yes .It ip Ta ipsec-enc-alg Ta string Ta yes .It ip Ta ipsec-expire-acquire Ta integer Ta yes .It ip Ta ipsec-firstuse Ta integer Ta yes .It ip Ta ipsec-invalid-life Ta integer Ta yes .It ip Ta ipsec-pfs Ta integer Ta yes .It ip Ta ipsec-soft-allocs Ta integer Ta yes .It ip Ta ipsec-soft-bytes Ta integer Ta yes .It ip Ta ipsec-soft-firstuse Ta integer Ta yes .It ip Ta ipsec-soft-timeout Ta integer Ta yes .It ip Ta ipsec-timeout Ta integer Ta yes .It ip Ta maxqueue Ta integer Ta yes .It ip Ta mforwarding Ta integer Ta yes .It ip Ta mtudisc Ta integer Ta yes .It ip Ta mtudisctimeout Ta integer Ta yes .It ip Ta multipath Ta integer Ta yes .It ip Ta portfirst Ta integer Ta yes .It ip Ta porthifirst Ta integer Ta yes .It ip Ta porthilast Ta integer Ta yes .It ip Ta portlast Ta integer Ta yes .It ip Ta redirect Ta integer Ta yes .It ip Ta sourceroute Ta integer Ta yes .It ip Ta stats Ta structure Ta no .It ip Ta ttl Ta integer Ta yes .It ipcomp Ta enable Ta integer Ta yes .It ipip Ta allow Ta integer Ta yes .It mobileip Ta allow Ta integer Ta yes .It tcp Ta ackonpush Ta integer Ta yes .It tcp Ta always_keepalive Ta integer Ta yes .It tcp Ta baddynamic Ta array Ta yes .It tcp Ta ecn Ta integer Ta yes .It tcp Ta ident Ta structure Ta no .It tcp Ta keepidle Ta integer Ta yes .It tcp Ta keepinittime Ta integer Ta yes .It tcp Ta keepintvl Ta integer Ta yes .It tcp Ta mssdflt Ta integer Ta yes .It tcp Ta reasslimit Ta integer Ta yes .It tcp Ta rfc1323 Ta integer Ta yes .It tcp Ta rfc3390 Ta integer Ta yes .It tcp Ta rstppslimit Ta integer Ta yes .It tcp Ta sack Ta integer Ta yes .It tcp Ta slowhz Ta integer Ta no .It tcp Ta stats Ta structure Ta no .It tcp Ta synbucketlimit Ta integer Ta yes .It tcp Ta syncachelimit Ta integer Ta yes .It udp Ta baddynamic Ta array Ta yes .It udp Ta checksum Ta integer Ta yes .It udp Ta recvspace Ta integer Ta yes .It udp Ta sendspace Ta integer Ta yes .It udp Ta stats Ta structure Ta no .El .Pp The variables are as follows: .Bl -tag -width "123456" .It Li ah.enable If set to 1, enable the Authentication Header .Pq AH IPsec protocol. Enabled by default. See .Xr ipsec 4 for more information. .It Li bpf.bufsize The initial size of .Xr bpf 4 buffers. .It Li bpf.maxbufsize The maximum size a user may request a .Xr bpf 4 buffer to be. .It Li carp.allow If set to 0, incoming .Xr carp 4 packets will not be processed. If set to any other value, processing will occur. Enabled by default. .It Li carp.log Controls the verbosity of .Xr carp 4 logging. May be a value between 0 and 7 corresponding with .Xr syslog 3 priorities. The default value is 2. .It Li carp.preempt If set to 0, .Xr carp 4 will not attempt to become master if it is receiving advertisements from another active master. If set to any other value, carp will become master of the virtual host if it believes it can send advertisements more frequently than the current master. Disabled by default. .It Li divert.recvspace Returns the default divert receive buffer size. .It Li divert.sendspace Returns the default divert send buffer size. .It Li esp.enable If set to 1, enable the Encapsulating Security Payload .Pq ESP IPsec protocol. Enabled by default. See .Xr ipsec 4 for more information. .It Li esp.udpencap If set to 1, enable processing of UDP encapsulated ESP packets. Enabled by default. .It Li esp.udpencap_port Contains the value of the UDP port that triggers decapsulation for incoming UDP encapsulated ESP packets. The default port is 4500. .It Li etherip.allow If set to 0, incoming Ethernet-in-IPv4 packets will not be processed. If set to any other value, processing will occur. .It Li gre.allow If set to 0, incoming GRE packets will not be processed. If set to any other value, processing will occur. .It Li gre.wccp If set to 0, incoming WCCPv1-style GRE packets will not be processed. If set to any other value, and gre.allow allows GRE packet processing, WCCPv1-style GRE packets will be processed. .It Li icmp.bmcastecho If set to 1, respond to ICMP echo requests destined for broadcast and multicast addresses. Note, enabling this could open a system to a type of denial of service attack called .Qq smurfing , and is thus not advised. .It Li icmp.errppslimit This variable specifies the maximum number of outgoing ICMP error messages per second. ICMP error messages exceeding this value are subject to rate limitation and will not go out from the node. A negative value disables rate limitation. .It Li icmp.maskrepl Returns 1 if .Tn ICMP network mask requests are to be answered. .It Li icmp.rediraccept If set to non-zero, the host will accept ICMP redirect packets. Note that routers will never accept ICMP redirect packets, and the variable is meaningful on IP hosts only. .It Li icmp.redirtimeout This variable specifies the lifetime of routing entries generated by incoming ICMP redirects. The default timeout is 10 minutes. .It Li icmp.stats Returns the ICMP statistics in a struct icmpstat. .It Li icmp.tstamprepl If set to 1, reply to ICMP timestamp requests. If set to 0, ignore timestamp requests. .It Li ip.directed-broadcast Returns 1 if directed broadcast behavior is enabled for the host. .It Li ip.encdebug Returns 1 when error message reporting is enabled for the host. If the kernel has been compiled with the .Dv ENCDEBUG option, then debugging information will also be reported when this variable is set. .It Li ip.forwarding If set to 1, then .Tn IP forwarding is enabled for the host, indicating the host is acting as a router. If set to 2, then .Tn IP forwarding is restricted to traffic that has been IPsec encapsulated or decapsulated by the host. The default value is 0. .It Li ip.ipsec-allocs The number of IPsec flows that can use a security association before it expires. If set to less than or equal to zero, the security association will not expire because of this counter. The default value is 0. .It Li ip.ipsec-auth-alg This is the default authentication algorithm the kernel will instruct key management daemons to negotiate when establishing security associations on behalf of the kernel. Such security associations can occur as a result of a process having requested some security level through .Xr setsockopt 2 , or as a result of dynamic VPN entries. Supported values are hmac-md5, hmac-sha1, and hmac-ripemd160. If set to any other value, it is left to the key management daemons to select an authentication algorithm for the security association. The default value is hmac-sha1. .It Li ip.ipsec-bytes The number of bytes that will be processed by a security association before it expires. If set to less than or equal to zero, the security association will not expire because of this counter. The default value is 0. .It Li ip.ipsec-comp-alg The compression algorithm to use with an IP Compression Association .Pq IPCA . Possible values are .Dq deflate and .Dq lzs . Note that lzs is only available with .Xr hifn 4 . See .Xr ipsecctl 8 for more information. .It Li ip.ipsec-enc-alg This is the default encryption algorithm the kernel will instruct key management daemons to negotiate when establishing security associations on behalf of the kernel. Such security associations can occur as a result of a process having requested some security level through .Xr setsockopt 2 , or as a result of dynamic VPN entries. Supported values are aes, des, 3des, blowfish and cast128. If set to any other value, it is left to the key management daemons to select an encryption algorithm for the security association. The default value is aes. .It Li ip.ipsec-expire-acquire How long the kernel should allow key management to dynamically acquire security associations before re-sending a request. The default value is 30 seconds. .It Li ip.ipsec-firstuse The number of seconds after a security association is first used before it expires. If set to less than or equal to zero, the security association will not expire because of this timer. The default value is 7200 seconds. .It Li ip.ipsec-invalid-life The lifetime of embryonic Security Associations (SAs that key management daemons have reserved but not fully established yet) in seconds. If set to less than or equal to zero, embryonic SAs will not expire. The default value is 60. .It Li ip.ipsec-pfs If set to any non-zero value, the kernel will ask the key management daemons to use Perfect Forward Secrecy when establishing IPsec Security Associations. Perfect Forward Secrecy makes IPsec Security Associations cryptographically distinct from each other, such that breaking the key for one such SA does not compromise any others. Requiring PFS for every security association significantly increases the computational load of .Xr isakmpd 8 exchanges. The default value is 1. .It Li ip.ipsec-soft-allocs The number of IPsec flows that can use a security association before a message is sent by the kernel to key management for renegotiation of the security association. If set to less than or equal to zero, no message is sent to key management. The default value is 0. .It Li ip.ipsec-soft-bytes The number of bytes that will be processed by a security association before a message is sent by the kernel to key management for renegotiation of the security association. If set to less than or equal to zero, no message is sent to key management. The default value is 0. .It Li ip.ipsec-soft-firstuse The number of seconds after a security association is first used before a message is sent by the kernel to key management for renegotiation of the security association. If set to less than or equal to zero, no message is sent to key management. The default value is 3600 seconds. .It Li ip.ipsec-soft-timeout The number of seconds after a security association is established before a message is sent by the kernel to key management for renegotiation of the security association. If set to less than or equal to zero, no message is sent to key management. The default value is 80000 seconds. .It Li ip.ipsec-timeout The number of seconds after a security association is established before it will expire. If set to less than or equal to zero, the security association will not expire because of this timer. The default value is 86400 seconds. .It Li ip.maxqueue Fragment flood protection. Sets the maximum number of unassembled IP fragments in the fragment queue. .It Li ip.mforwarding If set to 1, then multicast forwarding is enabled for the host. The default is 0. .It Li ip.mtudisc Returns 1 if Path MTU Discovery is enabled. .It Li ip.mtudisctimeout Returns the number of seconds in which a route added by the Path MTU Discovery engine will time out. When the route times out, the Path MTU Discovery engine will attempt to probe a larger path MTU. .It Li ip.multipath This variable enables multipath routing for IPv4 addresses. If set to 0, only the first route selected will be used for a given destination regardless of how many routes exist in the routing table. .It Li ip.portfirst Minimum registered port number for TCP/UDP port allocation. Registered ports can be used by ordinary user processes or programs executed by ordinary users. Cannot be less than 1024 or greater than 49151. Must be less than ip.portlast. .It Li ip.porthifirst Minimum dynamic/private port number for TCP/UDP port allocation. Dynamic/private ports can be used by ordinary user processes or programs executed by ordinary users. Cannot be less than 49152 or greater than 65535. Must be less than ip.porthilast. .It Li ip.porthilast Maximum dynamic/private port number for TCP/UDP port allocation. Dynamic/private ports can be used by ordinary user processes or programs executed by ordinary users. Cannot be less than 49152 or greater than 65535. Must be greater than ip.porthifirst. .It Li ip.portlast Maximum registered port number for TCP/UDP port allocation. Registered ports can be used by ordinary user processes or programs executed by ordinary users. Cannot be less than 1024 or greater than 49151. Must be greater than ip.portfirst. .It Li ip.redirect Returns 1 when .Tn ICMP redirects may be sent by the host. This option is ignored unless the host is routing .Tn IP packets, and should normally be enabled on all systems. .It Li ip.sourceroute Returns 1 when forwarding of source-routed packets is enabled for the host. As detailed in .Xr securelevel 7 , this variable may not be changed if the securelevel is \*(Gt 0. .It Li ip.stats Returns the IP statistics in a struct ipstat. .It Li ip.ttl The maximum time-to-live (hop count) value for an .Tn IP packet sourced by the system. This value applies to normal transport protocols, not to .Tn ICMP . .It Li ipcomp.enable Enable the IPComp protocol. See .Xr ipsecctl 8 for more information. .It Li ipip.allow If set to 0, incoming IP-in-IP packets will not be processed. If set to any other value, processing will occur; furthermore, if set to 2, no checks for spoofing of loopback addresses will be done. This is useful only for debugging purposes, and should never be used in production systems. .It Li mobileip.allow If set to 0, incoming MobileIP encapsulated packets (RFC 2004) will not be processed. If set to any other value, processing will occur. .It Li tcp.ackonpush Returns 1 if TCP segments with the .Dv TH_PUSH flag set are being acknowledged immediately, otherwise 0. .It Li tcp.baddynamic An array of .Li in_port_t is returned specifying the bitmask of .Tn TCP ports between 512 and 1023 inclusive that should not be allocated dynamically by the kernel (i.e., they must be bound specifically by port number). .It Li tcp.ecn Returns 1 if Explicit Congestion Notifications for TCP are enabled. .It Li tcp.ident A .Li struct tcp_ident_mapping specifying a local and foreign endpoint of a .Tn TCP socket is filled in with the effective and real UIDs of the process that owns the socket. If no such socket exists, then the effective and real UID values are both set to \-1. .It Li tcp.keepidle If the socket option .Dv SO_KEEPALIVE has been set on a socket, then this value specifies how much time a connection needs to be idle before keepalives are sent. See also tcp.slowhz. .It Li tcp.keepinittime Time to keep alive the initial SYN packet of a TCP handshake. .It Li tcp.keepintvl Time after a keepalive probe is sent until, in the absence of any response, another probe is sent. See also tcp.slowhz. .It Li tcp.always_keepalive Act as if the option .Dv SO_KEEPALIVE was set on all TCP sockets. .It Li tcp.mssdflt The maximum segment size that is used as default for non-local connections. The default value is 512. .It Li tcp.reasslimit The maximum number of out-of-order .Tn TCP segments the system will store for reassembly. .It Li tcp.rfc1323 Returns 1 if RFC 1323 extensions to .Tn TCP are enabled. .It Li tcp.rfc3390 Returns 1 if the .Tn TCP Initial Window is increased to 4 * MSS or 4380 bytes, as specified in RFC 3390. Returns 2 if the .Tn TCP Initial Window is increased to 10 * MSS or 14600 bytes, as specified in draft-ietf-tcpm-initcwnd. .It Li tcp.rstppslimit This variable specifies the maximum number of outgoing TCP RST packets per second. TCP RST packets exceeding this value are subject to rate limitation and will not go out from the node. A negative value disables rate limitation. .It Li tcp.sack Returns 1 if RFC 2018 Selective Acknowledgements are enabled. .It Li tcp.slowhz The units for tcp.keepidle and tcp.keepintvl; those variables are in ticks of a clock that ticks tcp.slowhz times per second. (That is, their values must be divided by the tcp.slowhz value to get times in seconds.) .It Li tcp.stats Returns the TCP statistics in a struct tcpstat. .It Li tcp.synbucketlimit The maximum number of entries allowed per hash bucket in the TCP SYN cache. .It Li tcp.syncachelimit The maximum number of entries allowed in the TCP SYN cache. .It Li udp.baddynamic Analogous to .Li tcp.baddynamic but for .Tn UDP sockets. .It Li udp.checksum Returns 1 when .Tn UDP checksums are being computed and checked. Disabling .Tn UDP checksums is strongly discouraged. .It Li udp.recvspace Returns the default .Tn UDP receive buffer size. .It Li udp.sendspace Returns the default .Tn UDP send buffer size. .It Li udp.stats Returns the UDP statistics in a struct udpstat. .El .It Dv PF_INET6 Get or set various global information about IPv6 .Pq Internet Protocol version 6 . The third level name is the protocol. The fourth level name is the variable name. The currently defined protocols and names are: .Bl -column "Protocol name" "multicast_mtudisc" "integer" "yes" -offset indent .It Sy "Protocol name" Ta Sy "Variable name" Ta Sy "Type" Ta Sy "Changeable" .It icmp6 Ta errppslimit Ta integer Ta yes .It icmp6 Ta mtudisc_hiwat Ta integer Ta yes .It icmp6 Ta mtudisc_lowat Ta integer Ta yes .It icmp6 Ta nd6_debug Ta integer Ta yes .It icmp6 Ta nd6_delay Ta integer Ta yes .It icmp6 Ta nd6_maxnudhint Ta integer Ta yes .It icmp6 Ta nd6_mmaxtries Ta integer Ta yes .It icmp6 Ta nd6_prune Ta integer Ta yes .It icmp6 Ta nd6_umaxtries Ta integer Ta yes .It icmp6 Ta nd6_useloopback Ta integer Ta yes .It icmp6 Ta nodeinfo Ta integer Ta yes .It icmp6 Ta rediraccept Ta integer Ta yes .It icmp6 Ta redirtimeout Ta integer Ta yes .It ip6 Ta accept_rtadv Ta integer Ta yes .It ip6 Ta auto_flowlabel Ta integer Ta yes .It ip6 Ta dad_count Ta integer Ta yes .It ip6 Ta defmcasthlim Ta integer Ta yes .It ip6 Ta forwarding Ta integer Ta yes .It ip6 Ta hdrnestlimit Ta integer Ta yes .It ip6 Ta hlim Ta integer Ta yes .It ip6 Ta kame_version Ta string Ta no .It ip6 Ta keepfaith Ta integer Ta yes .It ip6 Ta log_interval Ta integer Ta yes .It ip6 Ta maxfragpackets Ta integer Ta yes .It ip6 Ta maxfrags Ta integer Ta yes .It ip6 Ta mforwarding Ta integer Ta yes .It ip6 Ta multicast_mtudisc Ta integer Ta yes .It ip6 Ta multipath Ta integer Ta yes .It ip6 Ta redirect Ta integer Ta yes .It ip6 Ta rr_prune Ta integer Ta yes .It ip6 Ta use_deprecated Ta integer Ta yes .It ip6 Ta v6only Ta integer Ta no .El .Pp The variables are as follows: .Pp .Bl -tag -width "123456" -compact .It Li icmp6.errppslimit This variable specifies the maximum number of outgoing ICMPv6 error messages per second. ICMPv6 error messages exceeding this value are subject to rate limitation and will not go out from the node. A negative value will disable the rate limitation. .Pp .It Li icmp6.mtudisc_hiwat .It Li icmp6.mtudisc_lowat These variables define the maximum number of routing table entries created due to path MTU discovery .Pq preventing denial-of-service attacks with ICMPv6 too big messages . After IPv6 path MTU discovery happens, path MTU information is kept in the routing table. If the number of routing table entries exceeds this value, the kernel will not attempt to keep the path MTU information. .Li icmp6.mtudisc_hiwat is used when we have verified ICMPv6 too big messages. .Li icmp6.mtudisc_lowat is used when we have unverified ICMPv6 too big messages. Verification is performed by using address/port pairs kept in connected PCBs. A negative value disables the upper limit. .Pp .It Li icmp6.nd6_debug If set to non-zero, IPv6 neighbor discovery will generate debugging messages. The debug output is useful for diagnosing IPv6 interoperability issues. The flag must be set to 0 for normal operation. .Pp .It Li icmp6.nd6_delay This variable specifies the .Dv DELAY_FIRST_PROBE_TIME timing constant in IPv6 neighbor discovery specification .Pq RFC 2461 , in seconds. .Pp .It Li icmp6.nd6_maxnudhint IPv6 neighbor discovery permits upper layer protocols to supply reachability hints, to avoid unnecessary neighbor discovery exchanges. This variable defines the number of consecutive hints the neighbor discovery layer will take. For example, by setting the variable to 3, neighbor discovery will take a maximum of 3 consecutive hints. After receiving 3 hints, the neighbor discovery layer will instead perform the normal neighbor discovery process. .Pp .It Li icmp6.nd6_mmaxtries This variable specifies the .Dv MAX_MULTICAST_SOLICIT constant in IPv6 neighbor discovery specification .Pq RFC 2461 . .Pp .It Li icmp6.nd6_prune This variable specifies the interval between IPv6 neighbor cache babysitting in seconds. .Pp .It Li icmp6.nd6_umaxtries This variable specifies the .Dv MAX_UNICAST_SOLICIT constant in IPv6 neighbor discovery specification .Pq RFC 2461 . .Pp .It Li icmp6.nd6_useloopback If set to non-zero, IPv6 will use the loopback interface for local traffic. .Pp .It Li icmp6.nodeinfo This variable enables responses to ICMPv6 node information queries. If set to 0, responses will not be generated for ICMPv6 node information queries. Since node information queries can have a security impact, it is possible to fine tune which responses should be answered. Two separate bits can be set: .Bl -tag -width "123" -offset indent .It 1 Respond to ICMPv6 FQDN queries, e.g.\& .Li ping6 -w . .It 2 Respond to ICMPv6 node addresses queries, e.g.\& .Li ping6 -a . .El .Pp .It Li icmp6.rediraccept If set to non-zero, the host will accept ICMPv6 redirect packets. Note that IPv6 routers will never accept ICMPv6 redirect packets, so the variable is only meaningful on IPv6 hosts, not on routers. .Pp .It Li icmp6.redirtimeout The variable specifies the lifetime of routing entries generated by incoming ICMPv6 redirects. .Pp .It Li ip6.accept_rtadv If set to non-zero, the node will accept ICMPv6 router advertisement packets and autoconfigures address prefixes and default routers. The node must be a host .Pq not a router for the option to be meaningful (see .Li ip6.forwarding ) . .Pp .It Li ip6.auto_flowlabel On connected transport protocol packets, fill the IPv6 flowlabel field to help intermediate routers identify packet flows. .Pp .It Li ip6.dad_count This variable configures the number of IPv6 DAD .Pq duplicated address detection probe packets. These packets are generated when IPv6 interfaces are first brought up. .Pp .It Li ip6.defmcasthlim The default hop limit value for an IPv6 multicast packet sourced by the node. This value applies to all the transport protocols on top of IPv6. Methods for overriding this value are documented in .Xr ip6 4 . .Pp .It Li ip6.forwarding Returns 1 when IPv6 forwarding is enabled for the node, meaning that the node is acting as a router. Returns 0 when IPv6 forwarding is disabled for the node, meaning that the node is acting as a host. Note that IPv6 defines node behavior for the .Dq router and .Dq host cases quite differently, and changing this variable during operation may cause serious trouble. Hence, this variable should only be set at bootstrap time. .Pp .It Li ip6.hdrnestlimit The number of IPv6 extension headers permitted on incoming IPv6 packets. If set to 0, the node will accept as many extension headers as possible. .Pp .It Li ip6.hlim The default hop limit value for an IPv6 unicast packet sourced by the node. This value applies to all the transport protocols on top of IPv6. Methods for overriding this value are documented in .Xr ip6 4 . .Pp .It Li ip6.kame_version This string identifies the version of the KAME IPv6 stack implemented in the kernel. .Pp .It Li ip6.keepfaith If set to non-zero, enables the .Dq FAITH TCP relay IPv6-to-IPv4 translator code in the kernel. Refer to .Xr faith 4 and .Xr faithd 8 for more details. .Pp .It Li ip6.log_interval This variable permits adjusting the amount of logs generated by the IPv6 packet forwarding engine. The value indicates the number of seconds of interval which must elapse between log output. .Pp .It Li ip6.maxfragpackets The maximum number of fragmented packets the node will accept. 0 means that the node will not accept any fragmented packets. \-1 means that the node will accept as many fragmented packets as it receives. The flag is provided basically for avoiding possible DoS attacks. .Pp .It Li ip6.maxfrags The maximum number of fragments the node will accept. 0 means that the node will not accept any fragments. \-1 means that the node will accept as many fragments as it receives. The flag is provided basically for avoiding possible DoS attacks. .Pp .It Li ip6.mforwarding If set to 1, then multicast forwarding is enabled for the host. The default is 0. .Pp .It Li ip6.multicast_mtudisc This variable controls generation of ICMPv6 Too Big messages when the machine is performing as an IPv6 multicast router. If set to 1, an ICMPv6 Too Big message will be generated for multicast packets which were too big to be forwarded. If set to 0, the ICMPv6 Too Big message will be suppressed. .Pp .It Li ip6.multipath This variable enables multipath routing for IPv6 addresses. If set to 0, only the first route selected will be used for a given destination regardless of how many routes exist in the routing table. .Pp .It Li ip6.redirect Returns 1 when ICMPv6 redirects may be sent by the node. This option is ignored unless the node is routing IP packets, and should normally be enabled on all systems. .Pp .It Li ip6.rr_prune This variable specifies the interval between IPv6 router renumbering prefix babysitting in seconds. .Pp .It Li ip6.use_deprecated This variable controls the use of deprecated addresses, specified in RFC 2462 5.5.4. .Pp .It Li ip6.v6only The variable specifies the initial value for the .Dv IPV6_V6ONLY socket option for an .Dv AF_INET6 socket. It is always 1 for .Ox . .El .Pp We reuse .Li net.inet.tcp and .Li net.inet.udp for .Tn TCP/UDP over .Tn IPv6 . .It Dv PF_KEY Return .Xr ipsec 4 database dumps. The second level name is .Dv PF_KEY_V2 . The third level name selects the database as follows: .Pp .Bl -tag -width "NET_KEY_SADB_DUMP" -offset indent -compact .It Dv NET_KEY_SADB_DUMP Security Association database (SADB). .It Dv NET_KEY_SPD_DUMP IPsec flow database (SPD). .El .It Dv PF_PIPEX Get or set global information about PIPEX. .Pp The currently defined variable names are: .Bl -column "Third level name" "integer" "Changeable" -offset indent .It Sy "Third level name" Ta Sy "Type" Ta Sy "Changeable" .It Dv PIPEXCTL_ENABLE Ta integer Ta yes .El .Bl -tag -width "123456" .It Dv PIPEXCTL_ENABLE If set to 1, enable PIPEX processing. The default is 0. .El .El .Ss CTL_USER The string and integer information available for the .Dv CTL_USER level is detailed below. The changeable column shows whether a process with appropriate privileges may change the value. .Bl -column "USER_POSIX2_CHAR_TERM" "integer" "Changeable" -offset indent .It Sy "Second level name" Ta Sy "Type" Ta Sy "Changeable" .It Dv USER_BC_BASE_MAX Ta "integer" Ta "no" .It Dv USER_BC_DIM_MAX Ta "integer" Ta "no" .It Dv USER_BC_SCALE_MAX Ta "integer" Ta "no" .It Dv USER_BC_STRING_MAX Ta "integer" Ta "no" .It Dv USER_COLL_WEIGHTS_MAX Ta "integer" Ta "no" .It Dv USER_CS_PATH Ta "string" Ta "no" .It Dv USER_EXPR_NEST_MAX Ta "integer" Ta "no" .It Dv USER_LINE_MAX Ta "integer" Ta "no" .It Dv USER_POSIX2_C_BIND Ta "integer" Ta "no" .It Dv USER_POSIX2_C_DEV Ta "integer" Ta "no" .It Dv USER_POSIX2_CHAR_TERM Ta "integer" Ta "no" .It Dv USER_POSIX2_FORT_DEV Ta "integer" Ta "no" .It Dv USER_POSIX2_FORT_RUN Ta "integer" Ta "no" .It Dv USER_POSIX2_LOCALEDEF Ta "integer" Ta "no" .It Dv USER_POSIX2_SW_DEV Ta "integer" Ta "no" .It Dv USER_POSIX2_UPE Ta "integer" Ta "no" .It Dv USER_POSIX2_VERSION Ta "integer" Ta "no" .It Dv USER_RE_DUP_MAX Ta "integer" Ta "no" .It Dv USER_STREAM_MAX Ta "integer" Ta "no" .It Dv USER_TZNAME_MAX Ta "integer" Ta "no" .El .Bl -tag -width "123456" .It Dv USER_BC_BASE_MAX The maximum ibase/obase values in the .Xr bc 1 utility. .It Dv USER_BC_DIM_MAX The maximum array size in the .Xr bc 1 utility. .It Dv USER_BC_SCALE_MAX The maximum scale value in the .Xr bc 1 utility. .It Dv USER_BC_STRING_MAX The maximum string length in the .Xr bc 1 utility. .It Dv USER_COLL_WEIGHTS_MAX The maximum number of weights that can be assigned to any entry of the .Dv LC_COLLATE order keyword in the locale definition file. .It Dv USER_CS_PATH Return a value for the .Ev PATH environment variable that finds all the standard utilities. .It Dv USER_EXPR_NEST_MAX The maximum number of expressions that can be nested within parentheses by the .Xr expr 1 utility. .It Dv USER_LINE_MAX The maximum length in bytes of a text-processing utility's input line. .It Dv USER_POSIX2_C_BIND Return 1 if the system's C-language development facilities support the C-Language Bindings Option, otherwise 0. .It Dv USER_POSIX2_C_DEV Return 1 if the system supports the C-Language Development Utilities Option, otherwise 0. .It Dv USER_POSIX2_CHAR_TERM Return 1 if the system supports at least one terminal type capable of all operations described in POSIX 1003.2, otherwise 0. .It Dv USER_POSIX2_FORT_DEV Return 1 if the system supports the FORTRAN Development Utilities Option, otherwise 0. .It Dv USER_POSIX2_FORT_RUN Return 1 if the system supports the FORTRAN Runtime Utilities Option, otherwise 0. .It Dv USER_POSIX2_LOCALEDEF Return 1 if the system supports the creation of locales, otherwise 0. .It Dv USER_POSIX2_SW_DEV Return 1 if the system supports the Software Development Utilities Option, otherwise 0. .It Dv USER_POSIX2_UPE Return 1 if the system supports the User Portability Utilities Option, otherwise 0. .It Dv USER_POSIX2_VERSION The version of POSIX 1003.2 with which the system attempts to comply. .It Dv USER_RE_DUP_MAX The maximum number of repeated occurrences of a regular expression permitted when using interval notation. .It Dv USER_STREAM_MAX The maximum number of streams that a process may have open at any one time. .It Dv USER_TZNAME_MAX The minimum maximum number of types supported for the name of a time zone. .El .Ss CTL_VFS The string and integer information available for the .Dv CTL_VFS level is detailed below. The changeable column shows whether a process with appropriate privileges may change the value. .Bl -column "Second level name" "VFS generic info" "Changeable" -offset indent .It Sy "Second level name" Ta Sy "Type" Ta Sy "Changeable" .It Dv VFS_GENERIC Ta "VFS generic info" Ta "no" .It Dv "filesystem #" Ta "filesystem info" Ta "no" .El .Bl -tag -width "123456" .It Dv VFS_GENERIC This second level identifier requests generic information about the VFS layer. Within it, the following third level identifiers exist: .Bl -column "Third level name" "struct vfsconf" "Changeable" -offset indent .It Sy "Third level name" Ta Sy "Type" Ta Sy "Changeable" .It Dv VFS_CONF Ta "struct vfsconf" Ta "no" .It Dv VFS_MAXTYPENUM Ta "int" Ta "no" .El .It filesystem # After finding the filesystem dependent .Va vfc_typenum using .Dv VFS_GENERIC with .Dv VFS_CONF , it is possible to access filesystem dependent information. .Pp Some filesystems may contain settings. .Bl -tag -width "123" .It FFS .Bl -column "FFS_SD_DIRECT_BLK_PTRS" "integer" "Changeable" -offset indent .It Sy "Third level name" Ta Sy "Type" Ta Sy "Changeable" .It Dv FFS_ASYNCFREE Ta "integer" Ta "yes" .It Dv FFS_CLUSTERREAD Ta "integer" Ta "yes" .It Dv FFS_CLUSTERWRITE Ta "integer" Ta "yes" .It Dv FFS_DIRHASH_DIRSIZE Ta "integer" Ta "yes" .It Dv FFS_DIRHASH_MAXMEM Ta "integer" Ta "yes" .It Dv FFS_DIRHASH_MEM Ta "integer" Ta "no" .It Dv FFS_MAXSOFTDEPS Ta "integer" Ta "yes" .It Dv FFS_REALLOCBLOCKS Ta "integer" Ta "yes" .It Dv FFS_SD_BLK_LIMIT_HIT Ta "integer" Ta "yes" .It Dv FFS_SD_BLK_LIMIT_PUSH Ta "integer" Ta "yes" .It Dv FFS_SD_DIR_ENTRY Ta "integer" Ta "yes" .It Dv FFS_SD_DIRECT_BLK_PTRS Ta "integer" Ta "yes" .It Dv FFS_SD_INDR_BLK_PTRS Ta "integer" Ta "yes" .It Dv FFS_SD_INO_LIMIT_HIT Ta "integer" Ta "yes" .It Dv FFS_SD_INO_LIMIT_PUSH Ta "integer" Ta "yes" .It Dv FFS_SD_INODE_BITMAP Ta "integer" Ta "yes" .It Dv FFS_SD_SYNC_LIMIT_HIT Ta "integer" Ta "yes" .It Dv FFS_SD_TICKDELAY Ta "integer" Ta "yes" .It Dv FFS_SD_WORKLIST_PUSH Ta "integer" Ta "yes" .El .Bl -tag -width "123456" .It Dv FFS_CLUSTERREAD Enable combining multiple reads into one request to improve performance. .It Dv FFS_CLUSTERWRITE Enable combining multiple writes into one request. .It Dv FFS_DIRHASH_DIRSIZE The minimum size of a directory, in bytes, before it is considered for hashing. .It Dv FFS_DIRHASH_MAXMEM The maximum amount of memory, in bytes, to be used for storing directory hashes. .It Dv FFS_DIRHASH_MEM The amount of memory currently used by all directory hashes. .It Dv FFS_REALLOCBLOCKS When enabled, the kernel will attempt to relocate growing files so that they are contiguous on disk, reducing fragmentation. .El .It NFS .Bl -column "Third level name" "struct nfsstats" "Changeable" -offset indent .It Sy "Third level name" Ta Sy "Type" Ta Sy "Changeable" .It Dv NFS_NFSSTATS Ta "struct nfsstats" Ta "yes" .It Dv NFS_NIOTHREADS Ta "int" Ta "yes" .El .Bl -tag -width Ds .It Dv NFS_NIOTHREADS The number of NFS I/O kernel threads. Should be set high enough for the server to handle the maximum level of concurrency from its clients, typically four to six. .El .El .El .Ss CTL_VM The string and integer information available for the .Dv CTL_VM level is detailed below. The changeable column shows whether a process with appropriate privileges may change the value. .Bl -column "Second level name" "swap encrypt values" "yes" -offset indent .It Sy "Second level name" Ta Sy "Type" Ta Sy "Changeable" .It Dv VM_ANONMIN Ta "integer" Ta "yes" .It Dv VM_LOADAVG Ta "struct loadavg" Ta "no" .It Dv VM_MAXSLP Ta "integer" Ta "no" .It Dv VM_METER Ta "struct vmtotal" Ta "no" .It Dv VM_NKMEMPAGES Ta "integer" Ta "no" .It Dv VM_PSSTRINGS Ta "struct psstrings" Ta "no" .It Dv VM_SWAPENCRYPT Ta "swap encrypt values" Ta "yes" .It Dv VM_USPACE Ta "integer" Ta "no" .It Dv VM_UVMEXP Ta "struct uvmexp" Ta "no" .It Dv VM_VNODEMIN Ta "integer" Ta "yes" .It Dv VM_VTEXTMIN Ta "integer" Ta "yes" .El .Bl -tag -width "123456" .It Dv VM_ANONMIN Percentage of physical memory available for pages which contain anonymous mapping. .It Dv VM_LOADAVG Return the load average history. The returned data consists of a .Li struct loadavg . .It Dv VM_MAXSLP The time for a process to be blocked before being swappable, in seconds. .It Dv VM_METER Return the system wide virtual memory statistics. The returned data consists of a .Li struct vmtotal . .It Dv VM_NKMEMPAGES Number of pages in kmem_map. .It Dv VM_PSSTRINGS Returns the address of the process .Li struct ps_strings . The .Xr ps 1 program uses it to locate the argument and environment strings. .It Dv VM_SWAPENCRYPT Contains statistics about swap encryption. The string and integer information available for the third level is detailed below. .Bl -column "Third level name" "integer" "Changeable" -offset indent .It Sy "Third level name" Ta Sy "Type" Ta Sy "Changeable" .It Dv SWPENC_CREATED Ta "integer" Ta "no" .It Dv SWPENC_DELETED Ta "integer" Ta "no" .It Dv SWPENC_ENABLE Ta "integer" Ta "yes" .El .Bl -tag -width "123456" .It Dv SWPENC_CREATED The number of encryption keys that have been randomly created. The swap partition is divided into sections of normally 512KB. Each section has its own encryption key. .It Dv SWPENC_DELETED The number of encryption keys that have been deleted, thus effectively erasing the data that has been encrypted with them. Encryption keys are deleted when their reference counter reaches zero. .It Dv SWPENC_ENABLE Set to 1 to enable swap encryption for all processes. A 0 disables swap encryption. Pages still on swap receive a grandfather clause. Turning this option on does not affect legacy swap data already on the disk, but all newly written data will be encrypted. When swap encryption is turned on, automatic .Xr crash 8 dumps are disabled. .El .It Dv VM_USPACE The number of bytes allocated for each kernel stack. .It Dv VM_UVMEXP Contains statistics about the UVM memory management system. .It Dv VM_VNODEMIN Percentage of physical memory available for pages which contain cached file data. .It Dv VM_VTEXTMIN Percentage of physical memory available for pages which contain cached executable data. .El .Sh RETURN VALUES If the call to .Fn sysctl is unsuccessful, \-1 is returned and .Va errno is set appropriately. .Sh FILES .Bl -tag -width "uvm/uvmXswapXencrypt.h " -compact .It Aq Pa sys/sysctl.h definitions for top level identifiers, second level kernel and hardware identifiers, and user level identifiers .It Aq Pa sys/socket.h definitions for second level network identifiers .It Aq Pa sys/gmon.h definitions for third level profiling identifiers .It Aq Pa ufs/ffs/ffs_extern.h definitions for third level virtual file system identifiers .Pq ffs .It Aq Pa nfs/nfs.h definitions for third level virtual file system identifiers .Pq nfs .It Aq Pa uvm/uvm_param.h definitions for second level virtual memory identifiers .It Aq Pa uvm/uvm_swap_encrypt.h definitions for third level virtual memory identifiers .It Aq Pa net/pipex.h definitions for third level PIPEX identifiers .It Aq Pa netinet/in.h definitions for third level IPv4/v6 identifiers and fourth level .Tn IP and .Tn IPv6 identifiers .It Aq Pa netinet/icmp_var.h definitions for fourth level .Tn ICMP identifiers .It Aq Pa netinet/icmp6.h definitions for fourth level .Tn ICMPv6 identifiers .It Aq Pa netinet/tcp_var.h definitions for fourth level .Tn TCP identifiers .It Aq Pa netinet/udp_var.h definitions for fourth level .Tn UDP identifiers .It Aq Pa machine/cpu.h definitions for second level CPU identifiers .El .Sh ERRORS The following errors may be reported: .Bl -tag -width Er .It Bq Er EFAULT The buffer .Fa name , .Fa oldp , .Fa newp , or length pointer .Fa oldlenp contains an invalid address. .It Bq Er EINVAL The .Fa name array is less than two or greater than .Dv CTL_MAXNAME . .It Bq Er EINVAL A non-null .Fa newp pointer is given and its specified length in .Fa newlen is too large or too small. .It Bq Er ENOMEM The length pointed to by .Fa oldlenp is too short to hold the requested value. .It Bq Er ENOENT The mib specified does not exist, or exceeds the range that is possible. .It Bq Er ENXIO If the mib is a sparsely populated array, this error may be returned instead. .It Bq Er ENOTDIR The .Fa name array specifies an intermediate rather than terminal name. .It Bq Er EOPNOTSUPP The .Fa name array specifies a value that is unknown. .It Bq Er EPERM An attempt is made to set a read-only value. .It Bq Er EPERM A process without appropriate privileges attempts to set a value. .It Bq Er EPERM An attempt to change a value protected by the current kernel security level is made. .It Bq Er ESRCH No process could be found which corresponds to the given process ID. .El .Sh SEE ALSO .Xr pathconf 2 , .Xr sysconf 3 , .Xr ddb 4 , .Xr sysctl.conf 5 , .Xr securelevel 7 , .Xr sysctl 8 .Sh HISTORY The .Fn sysctl function first appeared in .Bx 4.4 .