.\" $OpenBSD: wcrtomb.3,v 1.2 2007/02/09 09:19:34 jmc Exp $
.\" $NetBSD: wcrtomb.3,v 1.4 2003/09/08 17:54:31 wiz Exp $
.\"
.\" Copyright (c)2002 Citrus Project,
.\" All rights reserved.
.\"
.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
.\" are met:
.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
.\"
.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
.\"
.Dd February 4, 2002
.Dt WCRTOMB 3
.Os
.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------------
.Sh NAME
.Nm wcrtomb
.Nd converts a wide character to a multibyte character (restartable)
.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------------
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.Fd #include <wchar.h>
.Ft size_t
.Fn wcrtomb "const char * restrict s" "wchar_t wc" "mbstate_t * restrict ps"
.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------------
.Sh DESCRIPTION
.Fn wcrtomb
converts the wide character given by
.Fa wc
to the corresponding multibyte character, and stores it in the array
pointed to by
.Fa s
unless
.Fa s
is a null pointer.
This function will modify the first at most
.Dv MB_CUR_MAX
bytes of the array pointed by
.Fa s .
.Pp
The behaviour of
.Fn wcrtomb
is affected by the
.Dv LC_CTYPE
category of the current locale.
.Pp
These are the special cases:
.Bl -tag -width 012345678901
.It "wc == 0"
For state-dependent encodings,
.Fn wcrtomb
stores a null byte preceded by a special byte sequence (if any)
to return to an initial state to the array pointed by
.Fa s ,
and the state object pointed by
.Fa ps
also returned to an initial state.
.It "s == NULL"
.Fn wcrtomb
just places
.Fa ps
into an initial state.
It is equivalent to the following call:
.Bd -literal -offset indent
wcrtomb(buf, L'\\0', ps);
.Ed
.Pp
Here,
.Fa buf
is a dummy buffer.
In this case,
.Fa wc
is ignored.
.It "ps == NULL"
.Fn mbrtowc
uses its own internal state object to keep the conversion state,
instead of
.Fa ps
mentioned in this manual page.
.Pp
Calling any other functions in
.Em libc
never change the internal
state of
.Fn mbrtowc ,
which is initialized at startup time of the program.
.El
.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------------
.Sh RETURN VALUES
.Fn wcrtomb
returns:
.Bl -tag -width 012345678901
.It "positive"
The number of bytes (including any shift sequences)
which are stored in the array.
.It "(size_t)-1"
.Fa wc
is not a valid wide character.
In this case,
.Fn wcrtomb
also sets
.Va errno
to indicate error.
.El
.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------------
.Sh ERRORS
.Fn wcrtomb
may cause an error in the following cases:
.Bl -tag -width Er
.It Bq Er EILSEQ
.Fa wc
is not a valid wide character.
.It Bq Er EINVAL
.Fa ps
points to an invalid or uninitialized mbstate_t object.
.El
.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------------
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr setlocale 3 ,
.Xr wctomb 3
.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------------
.Sh STANDARDS
The
.Fn wcrtomb
function conforms to
.\" .St -isoC-amd1 .
ISO/IEC 9899/AMD1:1995
.Pq Dq ISO C90, Amendment 1 .
The restrict qualifier is added at
.\" .St -isoC99 .
ISO/IEC 9899/1999
.Pq Dq ISO C99 .