.\" $OpenBSD: getnameinfo.3,v 1.6 2000/04/18 03:01:31 aaron Exp $ .\" .\" Copyright (c) 1983, 1987, 1991, 1993 .\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. .\" .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without .\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions .\" are met: .\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. .\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the .\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. .\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software .\" must display the following acknowledgement: .\" This product includes software developed by the University of .\" California, Berkeley and its contributors. .\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors .\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software .\" without specific prior written permission. .\" .\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND .\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE .\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE .\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE .\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL .\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS .\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) .\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT .\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY .\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF .\" SUCH DAMAGE. .\" .\" From: @(#)gethostbyname.3 8.4 (Berkeley) 5/25/95 .\" KAME Id: getnameinfo.3,v 1.7 2000/01/17 08:13:04 itojun Exp .\" .Dd May 25, 1995 .Dt GETNAMEINFO 3 .Os .\" .Sh NAME .Nm getnameinfo .Nd address-to-nodename translation in protocol-independent manner .\" .Sh SYNOPSIS .Fd #include .Fd #include .Fd #include .Ft int .Fn getnameinfo "const struct sockaddr *sa" "socklen_t salen" \ "char *host" "size_t hostlen" "char *serv" "size_t servlen" "int flags" .\" .Sh DESCRIPTION The .Fn getnameinfo function is defined for protocol-independent address-to-nodename translation. Its functionality is a reverse conversion of .Xr getaddrinfo 3 , and implements similar functionality with .Xr gethostbyaddr 3 and .Xr getservbyport 3 in more sophisticated manner. .Pp This function looks up an IP address and port number provided by the caller in the DNS and system-specific database, and returns text strings for both in buffers provided by the caller. The function indicates successful completion by a zero return value; a non-zero return value indicates failure. .Pp The first argument, .Fa sa , points to either a .Li sockaddr_in structure (for IPv4) or a .Li sockaddr_in6 structure (for IPv6) that holds the IP address and port number. The .Fa salen argument gives the length of the .Li sockaddr_in or .Li sockaddr_in6 structure. .Pp The function returns the nodename associated with the IP address in the buffer pointed to by the .Fa host argument. The caller provides the size of this buffer via the .Fa hostlen argument. The service name associated with the port number is returned in the buffer pointed to by .Fa serv , and the .Fa servlen argument gives the length of this buffer. The caller specifies not to return either string by providing a zero value for the .Fa hostlen or .Fa servlen arguments. Otherwise, the caller must provide buffers large enough to hold the nodename and the service name, including the terminating null characters. .Pp Unfortunately most systems do not provide constants that specify the maximum size of either a fully-qualified domain name or a service name. Therefore to aid the application in allocating buffers for these two returned strings the following constants are defined in .Aq Pa netdb.h : .Bd -literal -offset #define NI_MAXHOST 1025 #define NI_MAXSERV 32 .Ed .Pp The first value is actually defined as the constant .Dv MAXDNAME in recent versions of BIND's .Aq Pa arpa/nameser.h header (older versions of BIND define this constant to be 256) and the second is a guess based on the services listed in the current Assigned Numbers RFC. .Pp The final argument is a .Fa flag that changes the default actions of this function. By default the fully-qualified domain name (FQDN) for the host is looked up in the DNS and returned. If the flag bit .Dv NI_NOFQDN is set, only the nodename portion of the FQDN is returned for local hosts. .Pp If the .Fa flag bit .Dv NI_NUMERICHOST is set, or if the host's name cannot be located in the DNS, the numeric form of the host's address is returned instead of its name .Po e.g., by calling .Fn inet_ntop instead of .Fn getnodebyaddr .Pc . If the .Fa flag bit .Dv NI_NAMEREQD is set, an error is returned if the host's name cannot be located in the DNS. .Pp If the flag bit .Dv NI_NUMERICSERV is set, the numeric form of the service address is returned .Pq e.g., its port number instead of its name. The two .Dv NI_NUMERICxxx flags are required to support the .Fl n flag that many commands provide. .Pp A fifth flag bit, .Dv NI_DGRAM , specifies that the service is a datagram service, and causes .Fn getservbyport to be called with a second argument of .Qq udp instead of its default of .Qq tcp . This is required for the few ports (512-514) that have different services for UDP and TCP. .Pp These .Dv NI_xxx flags are defined in .Aq Pa netdb.h . .\" .Sh EXTENSION The implementation allows experimental numeric IPv6 address notation with scope identifier. IPv6 link-local address will appear as string like .Dq Li fe80::1@ne0 , if .Dv NI_WITHSCOPEID bit is enabled in .Ar flags argument. Refer to .Xr getaddrinfo 3 for the notation. .\" .Sh EXAMPLES The following code tries to get numeric hostname, and service name, for given socket address. Observe that there is no hardcoded reference to particular address family. .Bd -literal -offset indent struct sockaddr *sa; /* input */ char hbuf[NI_MAXHOST], sbuf[NI_MAXSERV]; if (getnameinfo(sa, sa->sa_len, hbuf, sizeof(hbuf), sbuf, sizeof(sbuf), NI_NUMERICHOST | NI_NUMERICSERV)) { errx(1, "could not get numeric hostname"); /*NOTREACHED*/ } printf("host=%s, serv=%s\\n", hbuf, sbuf); .Ed .Pp The following version checks if the socket address has reverse address mapping. .Bd -literal -offset indent struct sockaddr *sa; /* input */ char hbuf[NI_MAXHOST]; if (getnameinfo(sa, sa->sa_len, hbuf, sizeof(hbuf), NULL, 0, NI_NAMEREQD)) { errx(1, "could not resolve hostname"); /*NOTREACHED*/ } printf("host=%s\\n", hbuf); .Ed .\" .Sh FILES .Bl -tag -width /etc/resolv.conf -compact .It Pa /etc/hosts .It Pa /etc/host.conf .It Pa /etc/resolv.conf .El .\" .Sh DIAGNOSTICS The function indicates successful completion by a zero return value; a non-zero return value indicates failure. .\" .Sh SEE ALSO .Xr getaddrinfo 3 , .Xr gethostbyaddr 3 , .Xr getservbyport 3 , .Xr hosts 5 , .Xr services 5 , .Xr hostname 7 , .Xr named 8 .Pp .Rs .%A R. Gilligan .%A S. Thomson .%A J. Bound .%A W. Stevens .%T Basic Socket Interface Extensions for IPv6 .%R RFC2553 .%D March 1999 .Re .Rs .%A Tatsuya Jinmei .%A Atsushi Onoe .%T "An Extension of Format for IPv6 Scoped Addresses" .%R internet draft .%N draft-ietf-ipngwg-scopedaddr-format-00.txt .%O work in progress material .Re .\" .Sh HISTORY The implementation first appeared in WIDE Hydrangea IPv6 protocol stack kit. .\" .Sh STANDARDS The .Fn getaddrinfo function is defined IEEE POSIX 1003.1g draft specification, and documented in .Dq Basic Socket Interface Extensions for IPv6 .Pq RFC2533 . .\" .Sh BUGS The text was shamelessly copied from RFC2553.