.\" Copyright (c) 1997 Todd C. Miller <Todd.Miller@courtesan.com>
.\" All rights reserved.
.\"
.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
.\" are met:
.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
.\" 3. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products
.\"    derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
.\"
.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES,
.\" INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY
.\" AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL
.\" THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
.\" EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
.\" PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS;
.\" OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY,
.\" WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR
.\" OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF
.\" ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
.\"
.\"	$OpenBSD: tsearch.3,v 1.10 2003/06/01 19:27:27 jmc Exp $
.\"
.Dd June 15, 1997
.Dt TSEARCH 3
.Os
.Sh NAME
.Nm tsearch ,
.Nm tfind ,
.Nm tdelete ,
.Nm twalk
.Nd manipulate binary search trees
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.Fd #include <search.h>
.Ft void *
.Fn tdelete "const void *key" "void **rootp" "int (*compar) (const void *, const void *)"
.Ft void *
.Fn tfind "const void *key" "void * const *rootp" "int (*compar) (const void *, const void *)"
.Ft void *
.Fn tsearch "const void *key" "void **rootp" "int (*compar) (const void *, const void *)"
.Ft void
.Fn twalk "const void *root" "void (*action) (const void *, VISIT, int)"
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Fn tdelete ,
.Fn tfind ,
.Fn tsearch ,
and
.Fn twalk
functions manage binary search trees based on algorithms T and D
from Knuth (6.2.2).
The comparison function passed in by
the user has the same style of return values as
.Xr strcmp 3 .
.Pp
.Fn tfind
searches for the datum matched by the argument
.Fa key
in the binary tree rooted at
.Fa rootp ,
returning a pointer to the datum if it is found and
.Dv NULL
if it is not.
.Pp
.Fn tsearch
is identical to
.Fn tfind
except that if no match is found,
.Fa key
is inserted into the tree and a pointer to it is returned.
If
.Fa rootp
points to a null value a new binary search tree is created.
.Pp
.Fn tdelete
deletes a node from the specified binary search tree and returns
a pointer to the parent of the node to be deleted.
It takes the same arguments as
.Fn tfind
and
.Fn tsearch .
If the node to be deleted is the root of the binary search tree,
.Fa rootp
will be adjusted.
.Pp
.Fn twalk
walks the binary search tree rooted in
.Fa root
and calls the function
.Fa action
on each node.
.Fa action
is called with three arguments: a pointer to the current node,
a value from the enum
.Sy "typedef enum { preorder, postorder, endorder, leaf } VISIT;"
specifying the traversal type, and a node level (where level
zero is the root of the tree).
.Sh RETURN VALUES
The
.Fn tsearch
function returns
.Dv NULL
if allocation of a new node fails (usually
due to a lack of free memory).
.Pp
.Fn tfind ,
.Fn tsearch ,
and
.Fn tdelete
return
.Dv NULL
if
.Fa rootp
is
.Dv NULL
or the datum cannot be found.
.Pp
The
.Fn twalk
function returns no value.
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr bsearch 3 ,
.Xr lsearch 3