.\"	$OpenBSD: rename.2,v 1.19 2013/05/08 16:13:12 tedu Exp $
.\"	$NetBSD: rename.2,v 1.7 1995/02/27 12:36:15 cgd Exp $
.\"
.\" Copyright (c) 1983, 1991, 1993
.\"	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
.\"
.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
.\" are met:
.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
.\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
.\"    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
.\"    without specific prior written permission.
.\"
.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
.\"
.\"     @(#)rename.2	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/4/93
.\"
.Dd $Mdocdate: May 8 2013 $
.Dt RENAME 2
.Os
.Sh NAME
.Nm rename ,
.Nm renameat
.Nd change the name of a file
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.Fd #include <stdio.h>
.Ft int
.Fn rename "const char *from" "const char *to"
.Fd #include <fcntl.h>
.Fd #include <stdio.h>
.Ft int
.Fn renameat "int fromfd" "const char *from" "int tofd" "const char *to"
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Fn rename
function causes the link named
.Fa from
to be renamed as
.Fa to .
If
.Fa to
exists, it is first removed.
Both
.Fa from
and
.Fa to
must be of the same type (that is, both directories or both
non-directories), and must reside on the same file system.
.Pp
.Fn rename
guarantees that if
.Fa to
already exists, an instance of
.Fa to
will always exist, even if the system should crash in
the middle of the operation.
.Pp
If the final component of
.Fa from
is a symbolic link,
the symbolic link is renamed,
not the file or directory to which it points.
.Pp
The
.Fn renameat
function is equivalent to
.Fn rename
except that where
.Fa from
or
.Fa to
specifies a relative path,
the directory entry names used are resolved relative to
the directories associated with file descriptors
.Fa fromfd
or
.Fa tofd
(respectively) instead of the current working directory.
.Pp
If
.Fn renameat
is passed the special value
.Dv AT_FDCWD
(defined in
.In fcntl.h )
in the
.Fa fromfd
or
.Fa tofd
parameter, the current working directory is used for resolving the respective
.Fa from
or
.Fa to
argument.
.Sh RETURN VALUES
A 0 value is returned if the operation succeeds, otherwise
.Fn rename
returns \-1 and the global variable
.Va errno
indicates the reason for the failure.
.Sh ERRORS
.Fn rename
and
.Fn renameat
will fail and neither of the argument files will be
affected if:
.Bl -tag -width Er
.It Bq Er ENAMETOOLONG
A component of a pathname exceeded
.Dv {NAME_MAX}
characters, or an entire path name exceeded
.Dv {PATH_MAX}
characters.
.It Bq Er ENOENT
A component of the
.Fa from
path does not exist,
or a path prefix of
.Fa to
does not exist.
.It Bq Er EACCES
A component of either path prefix denies search permission.
.It Bq Er EACCES
The requested change requires writing in a directory that denies write
permission.
.It Bq Er EACCES
The
.Fa from
argument is a directory and denies write permission.
.It Bq Er EPERM
The directory containing
.Fa from
is marked sticky,
and neither the containing directory nor
.Fa from
are owned by the effective user ID.
.It Bq Er EPERM
The
.Fa to
file exists,
the directory containing
.Fa to
is marked sticky,
and neither the containing directory nor
.Fa to
are owned by the effective user ID.
.It Bq Er ELOOP
Too many symbolic links were encountered in translating either pathname.
.It Bq Er EMLINK
The link count on the source file or destination directory is at the maximum.
A rename cannot be completed under these conditions.
.It Bq Er ENOTDIR
A component of either path prefix is not a directory.
.It Bq Er ENOTDIR
.Fa from
is a directory, but
.Fa to
is not a directory.
.It Bq Er EISDIR
.Fa to
is a directory, but
.Fa from
is not a directory.
.It Bq Er EXDEV
The link named by
.Fa to
and the file named by
.Fa from
are on different logical devices (file systems).
Note that this error code will not be returned if the implementation
permits cross-device links.
.It Bq Er ENOSPC
The directory in which the entry for the new name is being placed
cannot be extended because there is no space left on the file
system containing the directory.
.It Bq Er EDQUOT
The directory in which the entry for the new name
is being placed cannot be extended because the
user's quota of disk blocks on the file system
containing the directory has been exhausted.
.It Bq Er EIO
An I/O error occurred while making or updating a directory entry.
.It Bq Er EROFS
The requested link requires writing in a directory on a read-only file
system.
.It Bq Er EFAULT
.Fa from
or
.Fa to
points outside the process's allocated address space.
.It Bq Er EINVAL
.Fa from
is a parent directory of
.Fa to ,
or an attempt is made to rename
.Ql \&.
or
.Ql \&.. .
.It Bq Er ENOTEMPTY
.Fa to
is a directory and is not empty.
.El
.Pp
Additionally,
.Fn renameat
will fail if:
.Bl -tag -width Er
.It Bq Er EBADF
The
.Fa from
or
.Fa to
argument specifies a relative path and the
.Fa fromfd
or
.Fa tofd
argument, respectively, is neither
.Dv AT_FDCWD
nor a valid file descriptor.
.It Bq Er ENOTDIR
The
.Fa from
or
.Fa to
argument specifies a relative path and the
.Fa fromfd
or
.Fa tofd
argument, respectively,
is a valid file descriptor but it does not reference a directory.
.It Bq Er EACCES
The
.Fa from
or
.Fa to
argument specifies a relative path but search permission is denied
for the directory which the
.Fa fromfd
or
.Fa tofd
file descriptor, respectively, references.
.El
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr mv 1 ,
.Xr open 2 ,
.Xr symlink 7
.Sh STANDARDS
The
.Fn rename
and
.Fn renameat
functions conform to
.St -p1003.1-2008 .
.Sh HISTORY
The
.Fn renameat
function appeared in
.Ox 5.0 .
.Sh CAVEATS
The system can deadlock if a loop in the file system graph is present.
This loop takes the form of an entry in directory
.Sq Pa a ,
say
.Sq Pa a/foo ,
being a hard link to directory
.Sq Pa b ,
and an entry in
directory
.Sq Pa b ,
say
.Sq Pa b/bar ,
being a hard link
to directory
.Sq Pa a .
When such a loop exists and two separate processes attempt to
perform
.Ql rename a/foo b/bar
and
.Ql rename b/bar a/foo ,
respectively,
the system may deadlock attempting to lock
both directories for modification.
Hard links to directories should be
replaced by symbolic links by the system administrator.