/* $OpenBSD: getentropy_linux.c,v 1.41 2015/09/11 11:52:55 deraadt Exp $ */ /* * Copyright (c) 2014 Theo de Raadt * Copyright (c) 2014 Bob Beck * * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any * purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above * copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies. * * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES * WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF * MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR * ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES * WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN * ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF * OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE. * * Emulation of getentropy(2) as documented at: * http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi/OpenBSD-current/man2/getentropy.2 */ #define _POSIX_C_SOURCE 199309L #define _GNU_SOURCE 1 #include #include #include #include #include #ifdef SYS__sysctl #include #endif #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #ifdef HAVE_GETAUXVAL #include #endif #include #define REPEAT 5 #define min(a, b) (((a) < (b)) ? (a) : (b)) #define HX(a, b) \ do { \ if ((a)) \ HD(errno); \ else \ HD(b); \ } while (0) #define HR(x, l) (SHA512_Update(&ctx, (char *)(x), (l))) #define HD(x) (SHA512_Update(&ctx, (char *)&(x), sizeof (x))) #define HF(x) (SHA512_Update(&ctx, (char *)&(x), sizeof (void*))) int getentropy(void *buf, size_t len); static int gotdata(char *buf, size_t len); #ifdef SYS_getrandom static int getentropy_getrandom(void *buf, size_t len); #endif static int getentropy_urandom(void *buf, size_t len); #ifdef SYS__sysctl static int getentropy_sysctl(void *buf, size_t len); #endif static int getentropy_fallback(void *buf, size_t len); static int getentropy_phdr(struct dl_phdr_info *info, size_t size, void *data); int getentropy(void *buf, size_t len) { int ret = -1; if (len > 256) { errno = EIO; return (-1); } #ifdef SYS_getrandom /* * Try descriptor-less getrandom() */ ret = getentropy_getrandom(buf, len); if (ret != -1) return (ret); if (errno != ENOSYS) return (-1); #endif /* * Try to get entropy with /dev/urandom * * This can fail if the process is inside a chroot or if file * descriptors are exhausted. */ ret = getentropy_urandom(buf, len); if (ret != -1) return (ret); #ifdef SYS__sysctl /* * Try to use sysctl CTL_KERN, KERN_RANDOM, RANDOM_UUID. * sysctl is a failsafe API, so it guarantees a result. This * should work inside a chroot, or when file descriptors are * exhuasted. * * However this can fail if the Linux kernel removes support * for sysctl. Starting in 2007, there have been efforts to * deprecate the sysctl API/ABI, and push callers towards use * of the chroot-unavailable fd-using /proc mechanism -- * essentially the same problems as /dev/urandom. * * Numerous setbacks have been encountered in their deprecation * schedule, so as of June 2014 the kernel ABI still exists on * most Linux architectures. The sysctl() stub in libc is missing * on some systems. There are also reports that some kernels * spew messages to the console. */ ret = getentropy_sysctl(buf, len); if (ret != -1) return (ret); #endif /* SYS__sysctl */ /* * Entropy collection via /dev/urandom and sysctl have failed. * * No other API exists for collecting entropy. See the large * comment block above. * * We have very few options: * - Even syslog_r is unsafe to call at this low level, so * there is no way to alert the user or program. * - Cannot call abort() because some systems have unsafe * corefiles. * - Could raise(SIGKILL) resulting in silent program termination. * - Return EIO, to hint that arc4random's stir function * should raise(SIGKILL) * - Do the best under the circumstances.... * * This code path exists to bring light to the issue that Linux * does not provide a failsafe API for entropy collection. * * We hope this demonstrates that Linux should either retain their * sysctl ABI, or consider providing a new failsafe API which * works in a chroot or when file descriptors are exhausted. */ #undef FAIL_INSTEAD_OF_TRYING_FALLBACK #ifdef FAIL_INSTEAD_OF_TRYING_FALLBACK raise(SIGKILL); #endif ret = getentropy_fallback(buf, len); if (ret != -1) return (ret); errno = EIO; return (ret); } /* * Basic sanity checking; wish we could do better. */ static int gotdata(char *buf, size_t len) { char any_set = 0; size_t i; for (i = 0; i < len; ++i) any_set |= buf[i]; if (any_set == 0) return (-1); return (0); } #ifdef SYS_getrandom static int getentropy_getrandom(void *buf, size_t len) { int pre_errno = errno; int ret; if (len > 256) return (-1); do { ret = syscall(SYS_getrandom, buf, len, 0); } while (ret == -1 && errno == EINTR); if (ret != len) return (-1); errno = pre_errno; return (0); } #endif static int getentropy_urandom(void *buf, size_t len) { struct stat st; size_t i; int fd, cnt, flags; int save_errno = errno; start: flags = O_RDONLY; #ifdef O_NOFOLLOW flags |= O_NOFOLLOW; #endif #ifdef O_CLOEXEC flags |= O_CLOEXEC; #endif fd = open("/dev/urandom", flags, 0); if (fd == -1) { if (errno == EINTR) goto start; goto nodevrandom; } #ifndef O_CLOEXEC fcntl(fd, F_SETFD, fcntl(fd, F_GETFD) | FD_CLOEXEC); #endif /* Lightly verify that the device node looks sane */ if (fstat(fd, &st) == -1 || !S_ISCHR(st.st_mode)) { close(fd); goto nodevrandom; } if (ioctl(fd, RNDGETENTCNT, &cnt) == -1) { close(fd); goto nodevrandom; } for (i = 0; i < len; ) { size_t wanted = len - i; ssize_t ret = read(fd, (char *)buf + i, wanted); if (ret == -1) { if (errno == EAGAIN || errno == EINTR) continue; close(fd); goto nodevrandom; } i += ret; } close(fd); if (gotdata(buf, len) == 0) { errno = save_errno; return (0); /* satisfied */ } nodevrandom: errno = EIO; return (-1); } #ifdef SYS__sysctl static int getentropy_sysctl(void *buf, size_t len) { static int mib[] = { CTL_KERN, KERN_RANDOM, RANDOM_UUID }; size_t i; int save_errno = errno; for (i = 0; i < len; ) { size_t chunk = min(len - i, 16); /* SYS__sysctl because some systems already removed sysctl() */ struct __sysctl_args args = { .name = mib, .nlen = 3, .oldval = (char *)buf + i, .oldlenp = &chunk, }; if (syscall(SYS__sysctl, &args) != 0) goto sysctlfailed; i += chunk; } if (gotdata(buf, len) == 0) { errno = save_errno; return (0); /* satisfied */ } sysctlfailed: errno = EIO; return (-1); } #endif /* SYS__sysctl */ static const int cl[] = { CLOCK_REALTIME, #ifdef CLOCK_MONOTONIC CLOCK_MONOTONIC, #endif #ifdef CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW, #endif #ifdef CLOCK_TAI CLOCK_TAI, #endif #ifdef CLOCK_VIRTUAL CLOCK_VIRTUAL, #endif #ifdef CLOCK_UPTIME CLOCK_UPTIME, #endif #ifdef CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID, #endif #ifdef CLOCK_THREAD_CPUTIME_ID CLOCK_THREAD_CPUTIME_ID, #endif }; static int getentropy_phdr(struct dl_phdr_info *info, size_t size, void *data) { SHA512_CTX *ctx = data; SHA512_Update(ctx, &info->dlpi_addr, sizeof (info->dlpi_addr)); return (0); } static int getentropy_fallback(void *buf, size_t len) { uint8_t results[SHA512_DIGEST_LENGTH]; int save_errno = errno, e, pgs = getpagesize(), faster = 0, repeat; static int cnt; struct timespec ts; struct timeval tv; struct rusage ru; sigset_t sigset; struct stat st; SHA512_CTX ctx; static pid_t lastpid; pid_t pid; size_t i, ii, m; char *p; pid = getpid(); if (lastpid == pid) { faster = 1; repeat = 2; } else { faster = 0; lastpid = pid; repeat = REPEAT; } for (i = 0; i < len; ) { int j; SHA512_Init(&ctx); for (j = 0; j < repeat; j++) { HX((e = gettimeofday(&tv, NULL)) == -1, tv); if (e != -1) { cnt += (int)tv.tv_sec; cnt += (int)tv.tv_usec; } dl_iterate_phdr(getentropy_phdr, &ctx); for (ii = 0; ii < sizeof(cl)/sizeof(cl[0]); ii++) HX(clock_gettime(cl[ii], &ts) == -1, ts); HX((pid = getpid()) == -1, pid); HX((pid = getsid(pid)) == -1, pid); HX((pid = getppid()) == -1, pid); HX((pid = getpgid(0)) == -1, pid); HX((e = getpriority(0, 0)) == -1, e); if (!faster) { ts.tv_sec = 0; ts.tv_nsec = 1; (void) nanosleep(&ts, NULL); } HX(sigpending(&sigset) == -1, sigset); HX(sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, NULL, &sigset) == -1, sigset); HF(getentropy); /* an addr in this library */ HF(printf); /* an addr in libc */ p = (char *)&p; HD(p); /* an addr on stack */ p = (char *)&errno; HD(p); /* the addr of errno */ if (i == 0) { struct sockaddr_storage ss; struct statvfs stvfs; struct termios tios; struct statfs stfs; socklen_t ssl; off_t off; /* * Prime-sized mappings encourage fragmentation; * thus exposing some address entropy. */ struct mm { size_t npg; void *p; } mm[] = { { 17, MAP_FAILED }, { 3, MAP_FAILED }, { 11, MAP_FAILED }, { 2, MAP_FAILED }, { 5, MAP_FAILED }, { 3, MAP_FAILED }, { 7, MAP_FAILED }, { 1, MAP_FAILED }, { 57, MAP_FAILED }, { 3, MAP_FAILED }, { 131, MAP_FAILED }, { 1, MAP_FAILED }, }; for (m = 0; m < sizeof mm/sizeof(mm[0]); m++) { HX(mm[m].p = mmap(NULL, mm[m].npg * pgs, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANON, -1, (off_t)0), mm[m].p); if (mm[m].p != MAP_FAILED) { size_t mo; /* Touch some memory... */ p = mm[m].p; mo = cnt % (mm[m].npg * pgs - 1); p[mo] = 1; cnt += (int)((long)(mm[m].p) / pgs); } /* Check cnts and times... */ for (ii = 0; ii < sizeof(cl)/sizeof(cl[0]); ii++) { HX((e = clock_gettime(cl[ii], &ts)) == -1, ts); if (e != -1) cnt += (int)ts.tv_nsec; } HX((e = getrusage(RUSAGE_SELF, &ru)) == -1, ru); if (e != -1) { cnt += (int)ru.ru_utime.tv_sec; cnt += (int)ru.ru_utime.tv_usec; } } for (m = 0; m < sizeof mm/sizeof(mm[0]); m++) { if (mm[m].p != MAP_FAILED) munmap(mm[m].p, mm[m].npg * pgs); mm[m].p = MAP_FAILED; } HX(stat(".", &st) == -1, st); HX(statvfs(".", &stvfs) == -1, stvfs); HX(statfs(".", &stfs) == -1, stfs); HX(stat("/", &st) == -1, st); HX(statvfs("/", &stvfs) == -1, stvfs); HX(statfs("/", &stfs) == -1, stfs); HX((e = fstat(0, &st)) == -1, st); if (e == -1) { if (S_ISREG(st.st_mode) || S_ISFIFO(st.st_mode) || S_ISSOCK(st.st_mode)) { HX(fstatvfs(0, &stvfs) == -1, stvfs); HX(fstatfs(0, &stfs) == -1, stfs); HX((off = lseek(0, (off_t)0, SEEK_CUR)) < 0, off); } if (S_ISCHR(st.st_mode)) { HX(tcgetattr(0, &tios) == -1, tios); } else if (S_ISSOCK(st.st_mode)) { memset(&ss, 0, sizeof ss); ssl = sizeof(ss); HX(getpeername(0, (void *)&ss, &ssl) == -1, ss); } } HX((e = getrusage(RUSAGE_CHILDREN, &ru)) == -1, ru); if (e != -1) { cnt += (int)ru.ru_utime.tv_sec; cnt += (int)ru.ru_utime.tv_usec; } } else { /* Subsequent hashes absorb previous result */ HD(results); } HX((e = gettimeofday(&tv, NULL)) == -1, tv); if (e != -1) { cnt += (int)tv.tv_sec; cnt += (int)tv.tv_usec; } HD(cnt); } #ifdef HAVE_GETAUXVAL #ifdef AT_RANDOM /* Not as random as you think but we take what we are given */ p = (char *) getauxval(AT_RANDOM); if (p) HR(p, 16); #endif #ifdef AT_SYSINFO_EHDR p = (char *) getauxval(AT_SYSINFO_EHDR); if (p) HR(p, pgs); #endif #ifdef AT_BASE p = (char *) getauxval(AT_BASE); if (p) HD(p); #endif #endif SHA512_Final(results, &ctx); memcpy((char *)buf + i, results, min(sizeof(results), len - i)); i += min(sizeof(results), len - i); } explicit_bzero(&ctx, sizeof ctx); explicit_bzero(results, sizeof results); if (gotdata(buf, len) == 0) { errno = save_errno; return (0); /* satisfied */ } errno = EIO; return (-1); }