.\"	$OpenBSD: ifconfig.8,v 1.184 2009/08/13 19:33:13 sthen Exp $
.\"	$NetBSD: ifconfig.8,v 1.11 1996/01/04 21:27:29 pk Exp $
.\"     $FreeBSD: ifconfig.8,v 1.16 1998/02/01 07:03:29 steve Exp $
.\"
.\" Copyright (c) 1983, 1991, 1993
.\"	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
.\"
.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
.\" are met:
.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
.\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
.\"    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
.\"    without specific prior written permission.
.\"
.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
.\"
.\"     @(#)ifconfig.8	8.4 (Berkeley) 6/1/94
.\"
.Dd $Mdocdate: August 13 2009 $
.Dt IFCONFIG 8
.Os
.Sh NAME
.Nm ifconfig
.Nd configure network interface parameters
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.Nm ifconfig
.Op Fl AaC
.Op Ar interface
.Op Ar address_family
.Oo
.Ar address
.Op Ar dest_address
.Oc
.Op Ar parameters
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Nm
utility is used to assign an address
to a network interface and/or configure
network interface parameters.
Generally speaking,
.Xr hostname.if 5
files are used at boot-time to define the network address
of each interface present on a machine;
.Nm
is used at
a later time to redefine an interface's address
or other operating parameters.
To configure a bridge interface, use the
.Xr brconfig 8
program instead.
.Pp
.Nm
displays the current configuration for a network interface
when no optional parameters are supplied.
If a protocol family is specified,
.Nm
will report only the details specific to that protocol family.
If no parameters are provided, a summary of all interfaces is provided.
.Pp
Only the superuser may modify the configuration of a network interface.
.Pp
The options are as follows:
.Bl -tag -width Ds
.It Fl A
Causes full interface alias information for each interface to
be displayed.
.It Fl a
Causes
.Nm
to print information on all interfaces.
The protocol family may be specified as well.
This is the default, if no parameters are given to
.Nm .
.It Fl C
Print the names of all network pseudo-devices that
can be created dynamically at runtime using
.Cm ifconfig create .
.It Ar interface
The
.Ar interface
parameter is a string of the form
.Dq name unit ,
for example,
.Dq en0 .
If no optional parameters are supplied, this string can instead be just
.Dq name .
In this case, all interfaces of that type will be displayed.
For example,
.Dq carp
will display the current configuration of all
.Xr carp 4
interfaces.
.It Ar address_family
Specifies the address family
which affects interpretation of the remaining parameters.
Since an interface can receive transmissions in differing protocols
with different naming schemes, specifying the address family is recommended.
The address or protocol families currently
supported are
.Dq inet ,
.Dq inet6 ,
and
.Dq atalk .
.It Ar address
Internet version 4 and 6 addresses
take the form of
a host name present in the host name database,
.Xr hosts 5 ;
.Dq dot
notation (IPv4);
colon separated (IPv6);
or CIDR notation.
.Pp
AppleTalk (LLAP) addresses are specified as
.Dq nn.na
.Pq Dq Network Number.Node Address .
Node addresses are divided into two classes: User Node IDs and Server Node IDs.
1\(en127($01\(en$7F) are for User Node IDs while 128\(en254($80\(en$FE)
are used for Server Node IDs.
Node 0($00) is not allowed (unknown)
while Node 255($FF) is reserved for the AppleTalk broadcast hardware
address (broadcast ID).
.It Ar dest_address
Specify the address of the correspondent on the other end
of a point-to-point link.
.El
.Pp
The following
.Ar parameters
may be set with
.Nm :
.Bl -tag -width dest_addressxx
.It Cm alias
Establish an additional network address for this interface.
This is sometimes useful when changing network numbers, and
one wishes to accept packets addressed to the old interface.
.It Fl alias
A synonym for
.Cm delete .
Use of this option is discouraged in favour of
.Cm delete .
.It Cm arp
Enable the use of the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)
in mapping
between network level addresses and link level addresses (default).
This is currently implemented for mapping between
DARPA Internet addresses and Ethernet addresses.
.It Fl arp
Disable the use of ARP.
.It Cm broadcast Ar addr
(inet only)
Specify the address to use to represent broadcasts to the
network.
The default broadcast address is the address with a host part of all 1's.
.It Cm create
Create the specified network pseudo-device.
At least the following devices can be created on demand:
.Pp
.Xr bridge 4 ,
.Xr carp 4 ,
.Xr gif 4 ,
.Xr gre 4 ,
.Xr lo 4 ,
.Xr mpe 4 ,
.Xr pflog 4 ,
.Xr pflow 4 ,
.Xr ppp 4 ,
.Xr pppoe 4 ,
.Xr sl 4 ,
.Xr trunk 4 ,
.Xr tun 4 ,
.Xr vlan 4
.It Cm debug
Enable driver-dependent debugging code; usually, this turns on
extra console error logging.
.It Fl debug
Disable driver-dependent debugging code.
.It Cm delete
Remove the specified network address,
including any netmask or destination address configured with this address.
.It Cm description Ar value
Specify a description of the interface.
This can be used to label interfaces in situations where they may
otherwise be difficult to distinguish.
.It Cm -description
Clear the interface description.
.It Cm destroy
Destroy the specified network pseudo-device.
.It Cm down
Mark an interface
.Dq down .
When an interface is marked
.Dq down ,
the system will not attempt to
transmit messages through that interface.
If possible, the interface will be reset to disable reception as well.
This action automatically disables routes using the interface.
.It Cm group Ar group-name
Assign the interface to a
.Dq group .
Any interface can be in multiple groups.
.Pp
For instance, such a group could be used to create a hardware
independent
.Xr pf 4
ruleset (i.e. not one based on the names of NICs) using
existing (egress, carp, etc.) or user-defined groups.
.Pp
Some interfaces belong to specific groups by default:
.Pp
.Bl -dash -width Ds -compact
.It
All interfaces are members of the
.Em all
interface group.
.It
Cloned interfaces are members of their interface family group.
For example, a PPP interface such as
.Em ppp0
is a member of the
.Em ppp
interface family group.
.It
The interface(s) the default route(s) point to are members of the
.Em egress
interface group.
.It
IEEE 802.11 wireless interfaces are members of the
.Em wlan
interface group.
.It
Any interfaces used for network booting are members of the
.Em netboot
interface group.
.El
.It Cm -group Ar group-name
Remove the interface from the given
.Dq group .
.It Fl inet6
Disable
.Xr inet6 4
on the given interface and remove all configured
.Xr inet6 4
addresses, including the link-local ones.
To turn it on again, assign any inet6 address or run
.Xr rtsol 8 .
.It Cm instance Ar minst
Set the media instance to
.Ar minst .
This is useful for devices which have multiple physical layer interfaces
(PHYs).
Setting the instance on such devices may not be strictly required
by the network interface driver as the driver may take care of this
automatically; see the driver's manual page for more information.
.It Cm ipdst Ar addr
This is used to specify an Internet host which is willing to receive
IP packets encapsulating AppleTalk packets bound for a remote network.
An apparent point-to-point link is constructed, and
the address specified will be taken as the address and network
of the destination.
IP encapsulation of Connectionless Network Protocol
(``CLNP'')
packets is done differently.
.It Cm link[0-2]
Enable special processing of the link level of the interface.
These three options are interface specific in actual effect; however,
they are in general used to select special modes of operation.
An example
of this is to enable SLIP compression, or to select the connector type
for some Ethernet cards.
Refer to the man page for the specific driver for more information.
.It Fl link[0-2]
Disable special processing at the link level with the specified interface.
.It Cm lladdr Ar etheraddr
Change the link layer address (MAC address) of the interface.
This should be specified as six colon-separated hex values.
.It Cm media Op Ar type
Set the media type of the interface to
.Ar type .
If no argument is given,
display a list of all available media.
.Pp
Some interfaces support the mutually exclusive use of one of several
different physical media connectors.
For example, a 10Mb/s Ethernet interface might support the use of either
AUI or twisted pair connectors.
Setting the media type to
.Dq 10base5
or
.Dq AUI
would change the currently active connector to the AUI port.
Setting it to
.Dq 10baseT
or
.Dq UTP
would activate twisted pair.
Refer to the interface's driver-specific man page for a complete
list of the available types,
or use the following command
for a listing of choices:
.Pp
.Dl $ ifconfig interface media
.It Cm mediaopt Ar opts
Set the specified media options on the interface.
.Ar opts
is a comma delimited list of options to apply to the interface.
Refer to the interface's driver-specific man page for a complete
list of available options,
or use the following command
for a listing of choices:
.Pp
.Dl $ ifconfig interface media
.It Fl mediaopt Ar opts
Disable the specified media options on the interface.
.It Cm metric Ar nhops
Set the routing metric of the interface to
.Ar nhops ,
default 0.
The routing metric can be used by routing protocols.
Higher metrics have the effect of making a route less favorable.
.It Cm mode Ar mode
If the driver for the interface supports the media selection system,
set the specified operating mode on the interface to the given
.Ar mode .
For IEEE 802.11 wireless interfaces that support multiple operating modes,
this directive is used to select between 802.11a
.Pq Dq 11a ,
802.11b
.Pq Dq 11b ,
and 802.11g
.Pq Dq 11g
operating modes.
.It Cm mtu Ar value
Set the MTU for this device to the given
.Ar value .
Cloned routes will inherit this value as a default.
Currently, not all devices support setting the MTU.
.It Cm netmask Ar mask
(inet and inet6)
Specify how much of the address to reserve for subdividing
networks into subnetworks.
The mask includes the network part of the local address
and the subnet part, which is taken from the host field of the address.
The mask can be specified as a single hexadecimal number
with a leading 0x, with a dot-notation Internet address,
or with a pseudo-network name listed in the network table
.Xr networks 5 .
The mask contains 1's for the bit positions in the 32-bit address
which are to be used for the network and subnet parts,
and 0's for the host part.
The mask should contain at least the standard network portion,
and the subnet field should be contiguous with the network
portion.
.\" see
.\" Xr eon 5 .
.It Cm phase Ar n
The argument
.Ar n
specifies the version (phase) of the
AppleTalk network attached to the interface.
Values of 1 or 2 are permitted.
.It Cm prefixlen Ar n
(inet and inet6 only)
Effect is similar to
.Cm netmask ,
but you can specify prefix length by digits.
.It Cm priority Ar n
Set the interface routing priority to
.Ar n .
This will influence the default routing priority of new static routes added to
the kernel.
.Ar n
is in the range of 0 to 16 with smaller numbers being better.
.It Cm range Ar netrange
Under AppleTalk, set the interface to respond to a
.Ar netrange
of the form
.Dq startnet-endnet .
AppleTalk uses this scheme instead of
netmasks though
.Ox
implements it internally as a set of netmasks.
.It Cm rdomain Ar route-id
Attach the interface to the routing table with the specified
.Ar route-id .
Interfaces in different routing domains are separated and can not directly
pass traffic between each other.
By default all interfaces belong to routing table 0.
.It Cm rtlabel Ar route-label
(inet)
Attach
.Ar route-label
to new network routes of the specified interface.
Route labels can be used to implement policy routing;
see
.Xr route 4 ,
.Xr route 8 ,
and
.Xr pf.conf 5 .
.It Cm -rtlabel
Clear the route label.
.It Cm timeslot Ar timeslot_range
Set the timeslot range map, which is used to control which channels
an interface device uses.
.It Cm up
Mark an interface
.Dq up .
This may be used to enable an interface after an
.Cm ifconfig down .
It happens automatically when setting the first address on an interface.
If the interface was reset when previously marked down,
the hardware will be re-initialized.
.El
.Pp
.Nm
supports a multitude of sub-types,
described in the following sections:
.Pp
.Bl -dash -offset indent -compact
.It
.Xr carp 4
.It
IEEE 802.11 (wireless devices)
.It
.Xr inet6 4
.It
interface groups
.It
.Xr mpe 4
.It
.Xr pflow 4
.It
.Xr pfsync 4
.It
.Xr pppoe 4
.It
.Xr sppp 4
(PPP Link Control Protocol)
.It
.Xr trunk 4
.It
tunnel
.Pf ( Xr gif 4
and
.Xr gre 4 )
.It
.Xr vlan 4
.El
.\" CARP
.Sh CARP
.Nm ifconfig
.Bk -words
.Ar carp-interface
.Op Cm advbase Ar n
.Op Cm advskew Ar n
.Op Cm balancing Ar mode
.Op Cm carpnodes Ar vhid:advskew,vhid:advskew,...
.Op Cm carpdev Ar iface
.Op Oo Fl Oc Cm carppeer Ar peer_address
.Op Cm pass Ar passphrase
.Op Cm state Ar state
.Op Cm vhid Ar host-id
.Ek
.Pp
The options are as follows:
.Bl -tag -width Ds
.It Cm advbase Ar n
If the driver is a
.Xr carp 4
pseudo-device, set the base advertisement interval to
.Ar n
seconds.
This is an 8-bit number; the default value is 1 second.
.It Cm advskew Ar n
If the driver is a
.Xr carp 4
pseudo-device, skew the advertisement interval by
.Ar n .
This is an 8-bit number; the default value is 0.
.It Cm balancing Ar mode
If the driver is a
.Xr carp 4
pseudo-device, set the load balancing mode to
.Ar mode .
Valid modes are
.Ar arp ,
.Ar ip ,
.Ar ip-stealth ,
and
.Ar ip-unicast .
.It Cm carpnodes Ar vhid:advskew,vhid:advskew,...
If the driver is a
.Xr carp 4
pseudo-device, create a load balancing group consisting of up to 32 nodes.
Each node is specified as a
.Ar vhid:advskew
tuple in a comma separated list.
.It Cm carpdev Ar iface
If the driver is a
.Xr carp 4
pseudo-device, attach it to
.Ar iface .
If not specified, the kernel will attempt to select an interface with
a subnet matching that of the carp interface.
.It Cm carppeer Ar peer_address
If the driver is a
.Xr carp 4
pseudo-device, send the carp advertisements to a specified
point-to-point peer or multicast group instead of sending the messages
to the default carp multicast group.
The
.Ar peer_address
is the IP address of the other host taking part in the carp cluster.
With this option,
.Xr carp 4
traffic can be protected using
.Xr ipsec 4
and it may be desired in networks that do not allow or have problems
with IPv4 multicast traffic.
.It Fl carppeer
If the driver is a
.Xr carp 4
pseudo-device, send the advertisements to the default carp multicast
group.
.It Cm pass Ar passphrase
If the driver is a
.Xr carp 4
pseudo-device, set the authentication key to
.Ar passphrase .
There is no passphrase by default.
.It Cm state Ar state
Explicitly force the
.Xr carp 4
pseudo-device to enter this state.
Valid states are
.Ar init ,
.Ar backup ,
and
.Ar master .
.It Cm vhid Ar n
If the driver is a
.Xr carp 4
pseudo-device, set the virtual host ID to
.Ar n .
Acceptable values are 1 to 255.
.El
.Pp
Taken together, the
.Cm advbase
and
.Cm advskew
indicate how frequently, in seconds, the host will advertise the fact that it
considers itself master of the virtual host.
The formula is
.Cm advbase
+
.Pf ( Cm advskew
/ 256).
If the master does not advertise within three times this interval, this host
will begin advertising as master.
.\" IEEE 802.11
.Sh IEEE 802.11 (WIRELESS DEVICES)
.Nm ifconfig
.Bk -words
.Ar wireless-interface
.Op Oo Fl Oc Cm bssid Ar bssid
.Op Oo Fl Oc Cm chan Op Ar n
.Op Oo Fl Oc Ns Cm nwflag Ar flag
.Op Oo Fl Oc Cm nwid Ar id
.Op Oo Fl Oc Cm nwkey Ar key
.Op Oo Fl Oc Cm powersave Op Ar duration
.Op Cm scan
.Op Oo Fl Oc Cm txpower Ar dBm
.Op Oo Fl Oc Cm wpa
.Op Cm wpaakms Ar akm,akm,...
.Op Cm wpaciphers Ar cipher,cipher,...
.Op Cm wpagroupcipher Ar cipher
.Op Cm wpaprotos Ar proto,proto,...
.Op Oo Fl Oc Cm wpapsk Ar psk
.Ek
.Pp
The options are as follows:
.Bl -tag -width Ds
.It Cm bssid Ar bssid
Set the desired BSSID for IEEE 802.11-based wireless network interfaces.
.It Fl bssid
Unset the desired BSSID for IEEE 802.11-based wireless network interfaces.
The interface will automatically select a BSSID in this mode, which is
the default.
.It Cm chan Op Ar n
Set the channel (radio frequency) to be used for IEEE 802.11-based
wireless network interfaces to
.Ar n .
.Pp
With no channel specified,
show the list of channels supported by the device.
.It Fl chan
Unset the desired channel to be used for IEEE 802.11-based wireless
network interfaces.
It doesn't affect the channel to be created for IBSS or Host AP mode.
.It Cm nwflag Ar flag
Set a specified flag for the wireless network interface.
The flag name can be either
.Ql hidenwid
or
.Ql nobridge .
The
.Ql hidenwid
flag will hide the network ID (ESSID) in beacon frames when operating
in Host AP mode.
It will also prevent responses to probe requests with an unspecified
network ID.
The
.Ql nobridge
flag will disable the direct bridging of frames between associated
nodes when operating in Host AP mode.
Setting this flag will block and filter direct inter-station
communications.
.Pp
Note that the
.Ql hidenwid
and
.Ql nobridge
options do not provide any security.
The hidden network ID will be sent in clear text by associating
stations and can be easily discovered with tools like
.Xr tcpdump 8
and
.Xr hostapd 8 .
.It Fl nwflag Ar flag
Remove a specified flag for the wireless network interface.
.It Cm nwid Ar id
Configure network ID for IEEE 802.11-based wireless network interfaces.
The
.Ar id
can either be any text string up to 32 characters in length,
or a series of hexadecimal digits up to 64 digits.
The empty string allows the interface to connect to any available
access points.
Note that network ID is synonymous with Extended Service Set ID (ESSID).
.It Fl nwid
Set the network ID to the empty string to allow the interface to connect
to any available access point.
.It Cm nwkey Ar key
Enable WEP encryption for IEEE 802.11-based wireless network interfaces
using the specified
.Ar key .
The
.Ar key
can either be a string, a series of hexadecimal digits (preceded by
.So 0x Sc ) ,
or a set of keys
of the form
.Dq n:k1,k2,k3,k4
where
.Sq n
specifies which of the keys will be used for transmitted packets,
and the four keys,
.Dq k1
through
.Dq k4 ,
are configured as WEP keys.
If a set of keys is specified, a comma
.Pq Sq \&,
within the key must be escaped with a backslash.
Note that if multiple keys are used, their order must be the same within
the network.
The length of each key must be either 40 bits, i.e. a 5-character string or
10 hexadecimal digits or 104 bits (13-character).
.It Fl nwkey
Disable WEP encryption for IEEE 802.11-based wireless network interfaces.
.It Cm nwkey Cm persist
Enable WEP encryption for IEEE 802.11-based wireless network interfaces
with the persistent key stored in the network card.
.It Cm nwkey Cm persist : Ns Ar key
Write
.Ar key
to the persistent memory of the network card, and
enable WEP encryption for IEEE 802.11-based wireless network interfaces
using that
.Ar key .
.It Cm powersave Op Ar duration
Enable 802.11 power saving mode.
Optionally set the receiver sleep duration (in milliseconds).
.It Fl powersave
Disable 802.11 power saving mode.
.It Cm scan
Show the results of an access point scan.
In Host AP mode, this will dump the list of known nodes without scanning.
.It Cm txpower Ar dBm
Set the transmit power for IEEE 802.11-based wireless network interfaces.
The driver will disable any auto level and transmit power controls in this
mode.
.It Fl txpower
Disable manual transmit power mode and enable any auto level and transmit
power controls.
.It Cm wpa
Enable Wi-Fi Protected Access.
WPA is a Wi-Fi Alliance protocol based on the IEEE 802.11i standard.
It was designed to enhance the security of wireless networks.
Notice that not all drivers support WPA.
Check the driver's manual page to know if this option is supported.
.It Fl wpa
Disable Wi-Fi Protected Access.
.It Cm wpaakms Ar akm,akm,...
Set the comma-separated list of allowed authentication and key management
protocols.
.Pp
The supported values are
.Dq psk
and
.Dq 802.1x .
.Ar psk
authentication (also known as personal mode) uses a 256-bit pre-shared key.
.Ar 802.1x
authentication (also known as enterprise mode) is meant to be used with
an external IEEE 802.1X authentication server.
The default value is
.Dq psk .
.Dq psk
can only be used if a pre-shared key is configured using the
.Cm wpapsk
option.
.It Cm wpaciphers Ar cipher,cipher,...
Set the comma-separated list of allowed pairwise ciphers.
.Pp
The supported values are
.Dq tkip ,
.Dq ccmp ,
and
.Dq usegroup .
.Ar usegroup
specifies that no pairwise ciphers are supported and that only group keys
should be used.
The default value is
.Dq tkip,ccmp .
If multiple pairwise ciphers are specified, the pairwise cipher will
be negotiated between the station and the access point at association
time.
A station will always try to use
.Ar ccmp
over
.Ar tkip
if both ciphers are allowed and supported by the access point.
If the selected cipher is not supported by the hardware, software
encryption will be used.
Check the driver's manual page to know which ciphers are supported in
hardware.
.It Cm wpagroupcipher Ar cipher
Set the group cipher to be used to encrypt broadcast and multicast traffic.
.Pp
The supported values are
.Dq wep40 ,
.Dq wep104 ,
.Dq tkip ,
and
.Dq ccmp .
The default value is
.Dq tkip .
The use of
.Ar wep40
or
.Ar wep104
as the group cipher is discouraged due to weaknesses in WEP.
The
.Cm wpagroupcipher
option is available in Host AP mode only.
A station will always use the group cipher of the BSS.
.It Cm wpaprotos Ar proto,proto,...
Set the comma-separated list of allowed WPA protocol versions.
.Pp
The supported values are
.Dq wpa1
and
.Dq wpa2 .
.Ar wpa1
is based on draft 3 of the IEEE 802.11i standard whereas
.Ar wpa2
is based on the ratified standard.
The default value is
.Dq wpa1,wpa2 .
If
.Dq wpa1,wpa2
is specified, a station will always use the
.Ar wpa2
protocol when supported by the access point.
.It Cm wpapsk Ar psk
Set the 256-bit pre-shared key.
The pre-shared key must be specified using a series of 64 hexadecimal digits
(preceded by
.So 0x Sc ) .
The pre-shared key will be used only if
.Dq psk
authentication is allowed using the
.Cm wpaakms
option.
Pre-shared keys can be generated from passphrases using
.Xr wpa-psk 8 ,
as in the following example, which configures wpi0 to join network
.Dq my_net
using WPA-PSK with passphrase
.Dq my_passphrase :
.Bd -literal -offset indent
# ifconfig wpi0 nwid my_net wpa wpapsk \e
        `wpa-psk my_net my_passphrase`
.Ed
.It Fl wpapsk
Delete the pre-shared key.
This will prevent
.Dq psk
authentication.
.El
.\" INET6
.Sh INET6
.Nm ifconfig
.Bk -words
.Ar inet6-interface
.Op Oo Fl Oc Cm anycast
.Op Cm eui64
.Op Cm pltime Ar n
.Op Oo Fl Oc Cm tentative
.Op Cm vltime Ar n
.Ek
.Pp
The options are as follows:
.Bl -tag -width Ds
.It Cm anycast
Set the IPv6 anycast address bit.
.It Fl anycast
Clear the IPv6 anycast address bit.
.It Cm eui64
Fill the interface index
.Pq the lowermost 64th bit of an IPv6 address
automatically.
.It Cm pltime Ar n
Set preferred lifetime for the address.
.It Cm tentative
Set the IPv6 tentative address bit.
.It Fl tentative
Clear the IPv6 tentative address bit.
.It Cm vltime Ar n
Set valid lifetime for the address.
.El
.\" INTERFACE GROUPS
.Sh INTERFACE GROUPS
.Nm ifconfig
.Fl g
.Ar group-name
.Oo
.Oo Fl Oc Ns Cm carpdemote
.Op Ar number
.Oc
.Pp
The options are as follows:
.Bl -tag -width Ds
.It Fl g Ar group-name
Specify the group.
.It Cm carpdemote Op Ar number
Increase
.Xr carp 4
demote count for given interface group by
.Ar number .
If
.Ar number
is omitted, it is increased by 1.
.It Fl carpdemote Op Ar number
Decrease
.Xr carp 4
demote count for given interface group by
.Ar number .
If
.Ar number
is omitted, it is decreased by 1.
.El
.\" MPE
.Sh MPE
.Nm ifconfig
.Ar mpe-interface
.Op Cm mplslabel Ar mpls-label
.Pp
The options are as follows:
.Bl -tag -width Ds
.It Cm mplslabel Ar mpls-label
If the interface is a
.Xr mpe 4
pseudo-interface, set the MPLS label to
.Ar mpls-label .
This value is a 20-bit number which will be used as the MPLS header for
packets entering the MPLS domain.
.El
.\" PFLOW
.Sh PFLOW
.Nm ifconfig
.Ar pflow-interface
.Oo Oo Fl Oc Cm flowdst Ar addr :
.Ar port Oc
.Op Oo Fl Oc Cm flowsrc Ar addr
.Pp
The options are as follows:
.Bl -tag -width Ds
.It Cm flowdst Ar addr : Ns Ar port
Set the receiver address and the port for
.Xr pflow 4
packets.
Both must be defined to export pflow data.
.Ar addr
is the IP address and
.Ar port
is the port number of the flow collector.
Pflow data will be sent to this address/port.
.It Fl flowdst
Unset the receiver address and stop sending pflow data.
.It Cm flowsrc Ar addr
Set the source IP address for pflow packets.
.Ar addr
is the IP address used as sender of the UDP packets and may be used to
identify the source of the data on the pflow collector.
.It Fl flowsrc
Unset the source address.
.El
.\" PFSYNC
.Sh PFSYNC
.Nm ifconfig
.Bk -words
.Ar pfsync-interface
.Op Oo Fl Oc Cm defer
.Op Cm maxupd Ar n
.Op Oo Fl Oc Cm syncdev Ar iface
.Op Oo Fl Oc Cm syncpeer Ar peer_address
.Ek
.Pp
The options are as follows:
.Bl -tag -width Ds
.It Cm defer
Defer transmission of the first packet in a state until a peer has
acknowledged that the associated state has been inserted.
See
.Xr pfsync 4
for more information.
.It Fl defer
Do not defer the first packet in a state.
This is the default.
.It Cm maxupd Ar n
If the driver is a
.Xr pfsync 4
pseudo-device, indicate the maximum number
of updates for a single state which can be collapsed into one.
This is an 8-bit number; the default value is 128.
.It Cm syncdev Ar iface
If the driver is a
.Xr pfsync 4
pseudo-device, use the specified interface
to send and receive pfsync state synchronisation messages.
.It Fl syncdev
If the driver is a
.Xr pfsync 4
pseudo-device, stop sending pfsync state
synchronisation messages over the network.
.It Cm syncpeer Ar peer_address
If the driver is a
.Xr pfsync 4
pseudo-device, make the pfsync link point-to-point rather than using
multicast to broadcast the state synchronisation messages.
The peer_address is the IP address of the other host taking part in
the pfsync cluster.
With this option,
.Xr pfsync 4
traffic can be protected using
.Xr ipsec 4 .
.It Fl syncpeer
If the driver is a
.Xr pfsync 4
pseudo-device, broadcast the packets using multicast.
.El
.\" PPPOE
.Sh PPPOE
.Nm ifconfig
.Bk -words
.Ar pppoe-interface
.Op Cm authkey Ar key
.Op Cm authname Ar name
.Op Cm authproto Ar proto
.Op Oo Fl Oc Ns Cm peerflag Ar flag
.Op Cm peerkey Ar key
.Op Cm peername Ar name
.Op Cm peerproto Ar proto
.Op Oo Fl Oc Cm pppoeac Ar access-concentrator
.Op Cm pppoedev Ar parent-interface
.Op Oo Fl Oc Cm pppoesvc Ar service
.Ek
.Pp
.Xr pppoe 4
uses the
.Xr sppp 4
"generic" SPPP framework.
Any options not described in the section immediately following
are described in the
.Sx SPPP
section, below.
The options are as follows:
.Bl -tag -width Ds
.It Cm pppoeac Ar access-concentrator
Set the name of the access-concentrator for the
.Xr pppoe 4
interface.
.It Fl pppoeac
Clear a previously set access-concentrator name.
.It Cm pppoedev Ar parent-interface
Set the name of the interface through which
.Xr pppoe 4
packets will be transmitted and received.
.It Cm pppoesvc Ar service
Set the service name of the
.Xr pppoe 4
interface.
.It Fl pppoesvc
Clear a previously set service name.
.El
.\" SPPP
.Sh SPPP (PPP LINK CONTROL PROTOCOL)
.Nm
.Ar sppp-interface
.Op Cm authkey Ar key
.Op Cm authname Ar name
.Op Cm authproto Ar proto
.Op Oo Fl Oc Ns Cm peerflag Ar flag
.Op Cm peerkey Ar key
.Op Cm peername Ar name
.Op Cm peerproto Ar proto
.Pp
The options are as follows:
.Bl -tag -width Ds
.It Cm authkey Ar key
Set the client key or password for the PPP authentication protocol.
.It Cm authname Ar name
Set the client name for the PPP authentication protocol.
.It Cm authproto Ar proto
Set the PPP authentication protocol on the specified
interface acting as a client.
The protocol name can be either
.Ql chap ,
.Ql pap ,
or
.Ql none .
In the latter case, authentication will be turned off.
.It Cm peerflag Ar flag
Set a specified PPP flag for the remote authenticator.
The flag name can be either
.Ql callin
or
.Ql norechallenge .
The
.Ql callin
flag will require the remote peer to authenticate only when he's
calling in, but not when the peer is called by the local client.
This is required for some peers that do not implement the
authentication protocols symmetrically.
The
.Ql norechallenge
flag is only meaningful with the CHAP protocol to not re-challenge
once the initial CHAP handshake has been successful.
This is used to work around broken peer implementations that can't
grok being re-challenged once the connection is up.
.It Fl peerflag Ar flag
Remove a specified PPP flag for the remote authenticator.
.It Cm peerkey Ar key
Set the authenticator key or password for the PPP authentication protocol.
.It Cm peername Ar name
Set the authenticator name for the PPP authentication protocol.
.It Cm peerproto Ar proto
Set the PPP authentication protocol on the specified
interface acting as an authenticator.
The protocol name can be either
.Ql chap ,
.Ql pap ,
or
.Ql none .
In the latter case, authentication will be turned off.
.El
.\" TRUNK
.Sh TRUNK
.Nm ifconfig
.Ar trunk-interface
.Op Oo Fl Oc Ns Cm trunkport Ar child-iface
.Op Cm trunkproto Ar proto
.Pp
The options are as follows:
.Bl -tag -width Ds
.It Cm trunkport Ar child-iface
If the driver is a
.Xr trunk 4
pseudo-device, add the
.Ar child-iface
as a trunk port.
.It Fl trunkport Ar child-iface
If the driver is a
.Xr trunk 4
pseudo-device, remove the trunk port
.Ar child-iface .
.It Cm trunkproto Ar proto
If the driver is a
.Xr trunk 4
pseudo-device, set the trunk protocol.
Refer to the interface's driver-specific man page for a complete
list of the available protocols,
or use the following for a listing of choices:
.Pp
.Dl $ ifconfig interface media
.El
.\" TUNNEL
.Sh TUNNEL
.Nm ifconfig
.Bk -words
.Ar tunnel-interface
.Op Cm deletetunnel Ar src_address dest_address
.Op Cm tunnel Ar src_address dest_address
.Ek
.Pp
The options are as follows:
.Bl -tag -width Ds
.It Cm deletetunnel Ar src_address dest_address
Remove the source and destination tunnel addresses.
.It Cm tunnel Ar src_address dest_address
Set the source and destination tunnel addresses on a tunnel interface,
including
.Xr gif 4 .
Packets routed to this interface will be encapsulated in
IPv4 or IPv6, depending on the source and destination address families.
Both addresses must be of the same family.
.El
.\" VLAN
.Sh VLAN
.Nm ifconfig
.Bk -words
.Ar vlan-interface
.Op Cm vlan Ar vlan-tag
.Op Oo Fl Oc Cm vlandev Ar parent-interface
.Op Cm vlanprio Ar vlan-priority
.Ek
.Pp
The options are as follows:
.Bl -tag -width Ds
.It Cm vlan Ar vlan-tag
If the interface is a
.Xr vlan 4
pseudo-interface, set the vlan tag value
to
.Ar vlan-tag .
This value is a 12-bit number which is used to create an 802.1Q
vlan header for packets sent from the vlan interface.
This value cannot be changed once it is set for an interface.
.It Cm vlandev Ar parent-interface
If the interface is a
.Xr vlan 4
pseudo-device, associate physical interface
.Ar iface
with it.
Packets transmitted through the vlan interface will be
diverted to the specified physical interface
.Ar iface
with 802.1Q vlan encapsulation.
Packets with 802.1Q encapsulation received
by the parent interface with the correct vlan tag will be diverted to
the associated vlan pseudo-interface.
The vlan interface is assigned a
copy of the parent interface's flags and the parent's Ethernet address.
If
.Cm vlandev
and
.Cm vlan
are not set at the same time, the vlan tag will be inferred from
the interface name, for instance
.Cm vlan5
will be assigned 802.1Q tag 5.
If the vlan interface already has
a physical interface associated with it, this command will fail.
To change the association to another physical interface, the existing
association must be cleared first.
.It Fl vlandev
If the driver is a
.Xr vlan 4
pseudo-device, disassociate the physical interface
from it.
This breaks the link between the vlan interface and its parent,
clears its vlan tag, flags, and link address, and shuts the interface down.
.It Cm vlanprio Ar vlan-priority
If the interface is a
.Xr vlan 4
pseudo-interface, set the vlan priority value
to
.Ar vlan-priority .
This value is a 3-bit number which is used to create an 802.1Q
vlan header for packets sent from the vlan interface.
.El
.Sh EXAMPLES
Assign the
address of 192.168.1.10 with a network mask of
255.255.255.0 to interface fxp0:
.Pp
.Dl # ifconfig fxp0 inet 192.168.1.10 netmask 255.255.255.0
.Pp
Configure the xl0 interface to use 100baseTX, full duplex:
.Pp
.Dl # ifconfig xl0 media 100baseTX mediaopt full-duplex
.Pp
Label the em0 interface as an uplink:
.Pp
.Dl # ifconfig em0 description \&"Uplink to Gigabit Switch 2\&"
.Pp
Create the gif1 network interface:
.Pp
.Dl # ifconfig gif1 create
.Pp
Scan for wireless networks using bwi0:
.Pp
.Dl # ifconfig bwi0 scan
.Sh DIAGNOSTICS
Messages indicating the specified interface does not exist, the
requested address is unknown, or the user is not privileged and
tried to alter an interface's configuration.
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr netstat 1 ,
.Xr ifmedia 4 ,
.Xr inet 4 ,
.Xr intro 4 ,
.Xr netintro 4 ,
.Xr hostname.if 5 ,
.Xr hosts 5 ,
.Xr networks 5 ,
.Xr rc 8 ,
.Xr tcpdump 8
.Sh HISTORY
The
.Nm
command appeared in
.Bx 4.2 .