.\" $OpenBSD: isakmpd.8,v 1.52 2003/06/03 13:16:08 jmc Exp $ .\" $EOM: isakmpd.8,v 1.23 2000/05/02 00:30:23 niklas Exp $ .\" .\" Copyright (c) 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001 Niklas Hallqvist. .\" All rights reserved. .\" Copyright (c) 1999 Angelos D. Keromytis. All rights reserved. .\" Copyright (c) 2001, 2002 Håkan Olsson. All rights reserved. .\" .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without .\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions .\" are met: .\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. .\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the .\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. .\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software .\" must display the following acknowledgement: .\" This product includes software developed by Ericsson Radio Systems. .\" 4. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products .\" derived from this software without specific prior written permission. .\" .\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR .\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES .\" OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. .\" IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, .\" INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT .\" NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, .\" DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY .\" THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT .\" (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF .\" THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. .\" .\" This code was written under funding by Ericsson Radio Systems. .\" .\" Manual page, using -mandoc macros .\" .Dd August 07, 2002 .Dt ISAKMPD 8 .Os .Sh NAME .Nm isakmpd .Nd ISAKMP/Oakley a.k.a. IKE key management daemon .Sh SYNOPSIS .Nm isakmpd .Bk -words .Op Fl 4 .Op Fl 6 .Op Fl c Ar config-file .Op Fl d .Op Fl D Ar class=level .Op Fl f Ar fifo .Op Fl i Ar pid-file .Op Fl n .Op Fl p Ar listen-port .Op Fl P Ar local-port .Op Fl L .Op Fl l Ar packetlog-file .Op Fl r Ar seed .Op Fl R Ar report-file .Ek .Sh DESCRIPTION The .Nm daemon establishes security associations for encrypted and/or authenticated network traffic. At this moment, and probably forever, this means .Xr ipsec 4 traffic. .Pp The way .Nm goes about its work is by maintaining an internal configuration as well as a policy database which describes what kinds of SAs to negotiate, and by listening for different events that trigger these negotiations. The events that control .Nm consist of negotiation initiations from a remote party, user input via a FIFO or by signals, upcalls from the kernel via a .Dv PF_KEY socket, and lastly by scheduled events triggered by timers running out. .Pp Most uses of .Nm will be to implement so called "virtual private networks" or VPNs for short. The .Xr vpn 8 manual page describes how to set up .Nm for a simple VPN. For other uses, some more knowledge of IKE as a protocol is required. One source of information are the RFCs mentioned below. .Pp The options are as follows: .Bl -tag -width Ds .It Fl 4 | Fl 6 These options control what address family (AF_INET and/or AF_INET6) .Nm will use. Default is to use both IPv4 and IPv6. .It Fl c Ar config-file If given, the .Fl c option specifies an alternate configuration file instead of .Pa /etc/isakmpd/isakmpd.conf . As this file may contain sensitive information, it must be readable only by the user running the daemon. .Nm will reread the configuration file when sent a SIGHUP signal. .It Fl d The .Fl d option is used to make the daemon run in the foreground, logging to stderr. .It Xo Fl D .Ar class Ns No = Ns Ar level .Xc Debugging class. It's possible to specify this argument many times. It takes a parameter of the form .Ar class Ns No = Ns Ar level , where both .Ar class and .Ar level are numbers. .Ar class denotes a debugging class, and .Ar level the level you want that debugging class to limit debug printouts at (i.e., all debug printouts above the level specified will not output anything). If .Ar class is set to 'A', then all debugging classes are set to the specified level. .Pp Valid values for .Ar class are as follows: .Pp .Bl -tag -width 1n -compact -offset indent .It 0 Misc .It 1 Transport .It 2 Message .It 3 Crypto .It 4 Timer .It 5 Sysdep .It 6 SA .It 7 Exchange .It 8 Negotiation .It 9 Policy .It A All .El .Pp Currently used values for .Ar level are 0 to 99. .It Fl f Ar fifo The .Fl f option specifies the .Tn FIFO (a.k.a. named pipe) where the daemon listens for user requests. If the path given is a dash .Pq Sq \&- , .Nm will listen to stdin instead. .It Fl i Ar pid-file By default the PID of the daemon process will be written to .Pa /var/run/isakmpd.pid . This path can be overridden by specifying another one as the argument to the .Fl i option. .It Fl n When the .Fl n option is given, the kernel will not take part in the negotiations. This is a non-destructive mode, so to speak, in that it won't alter any SAs in the IPsec stack. .It Fl p Ar listen-port The .Fl p option specifies the listen port the daemon will bind to. .It Fl P Ar local-port On the other hand, the port specified to capital .Fl P will be what the daemon binds its local end to when acting as initiator. .It Fl L Enable IKE packet capture. When this option is given, .Nm will capture to file an unencrypted copy of the negotiation packets it is sending and receiveing. This file can later be read by .Xr tcpdump 8 and other utilities using .Xr pcap 3 . .It Fl l Ar packetlog-file As option .Fl L above, but capture to a specified file. .It Fl r Ar seed If given, a deterministic random number sequence will be used internally. This is useful for setting up regression tests. .It Fl R Ar report-file When you signal .Nm a .Dv SIGUSR1 , it will report its internal state to a report file, normally .Pa /var/run/isakmpd.report , but this can be changed by feeding the file name as an argument to the .Fl R flag. .El .Ss Setting up an IKE public key infrastructure (a.k.a. PKI) In order to use public key based authentication, there has to be an infrastructure managing the key signing. Either there is an already existing PKI .Nm should take part in, or there will be a need to set one up. In the former case, what is needed to be done varies depending on the actual Certificate Authority used, and is therefore not covered here, other than mentioning that .Xr openssl 1 needs to be used to create a certificate signing request that the CA understands. The latter case, however, is described here: .Pp .Bl -enum .It Create your own CA as root. .Pp .Bd -literal # openssl genrsa -out /etc/ssl/private/ca.key 1024 # openssl req -new -key /etc/ssl/private/ca.key \\ -out /etc/ssl/private/ca.csr .Ed .Pp You are then asked to enter information that will be incorporated into your certificate request. What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name (DN). There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank. For some fields there will be a default value; if you enter '.', the field will be left blank. .Pp .Bd -literal # openssl x509 -req -days 365 -in /etc/ssl/private/ca.csr \\ -signkey /etc/ssl/private/ca.key \\ -extfile /etc/ssl/x509v3.cnf -extensions x509v3_CA \\ -out /etc/ssl/ca.crt .Ed .Pp .It Create keys and certificates for your IKE peers. This step as well as the next one, needs to be done for every peer. Furthermore the last step will need to be done once for each ID you want the peer to have. The 10.0.0.1 below symbolizes that ID, in this case an IPv4 ID, and should be changed for each invocation. You will be asked for a DN for each run. Encoding the ID in the common name is recommended, as it should be unique. .Pp .Bd -literal # openssl genrsa -out /etc/isakmpd/private/local.key 1024 # openssl req -new -key /etc/isakmpd/private/local.key \\ -out /etc/isakmpd/private/10.0.0.1.csr .Ed .Pp Now take these certificate signing requests to your CA and process them like below. You have to add a subjectAltName extension field to the certificate in order to make it usable by .Nm isakmpd . There are two possible ways to add the extensions to the certificate. Either you have to run .Xr certpatch 8 or you have to make use of an OpenSSL configuration file, for example .Pa /etc/ssl/x509v3.cnf . Replace 10.0.0.1 with the IP-address which .Nm will use as the certificate identity. .Pp To use .Xr certpatch 8 , do the following .Bd -literal # openssl x509 -req -days 365 -in 10.0.0.1.csr -CA /etc/ssl/ca.crt \\ -CAkey /etc/ssl/private/ca.key -CAcreateserial \\ -out 10.0.0.1.crt # certpatch -i 10.0.0.1 -k /etc/ssl/private/ca.key \\ 10.0.0.1.crt 10.0.0.1.crt .Ed .Pp Otherwise do .Bd -literal # setenv CERTIP 10.0.0.1 # openssl x509 -req -days 365 -in 10.0.0.1.csr -CA /etc/ssl/ca.crt \\ -CAkey /etc/ssl/private/ca.key -CAcreateserial \\ -extfile /etc/ssl/x509v3.cnf -extensions x509v3_IPAddr \\ -out 10.0.0.1.crt .Ed .Pp For a FQDN certificate, do .Bd -literal # setenv CERTFQDN somehost.somedomain # openssl x509 -req -days 365 -in somehost.somedomain.csr \\ -CA /etc/ssl/ca.crt -CAkey /etc/ssl/private/ca.key \\ -CAcreateserial \\ -extfile /etc/ssl/x509v3.cnf -extensions x509v3_FQDN \\ -out somehost.somedomain.crt .Ed .Pp (This assumes the previous steps were used to create a request for somehost.somedomain instead of 10.0.0.1) .Pp Put the certificate (the file ending in .crt) in .Pa /etc/isakmpd/certs/ on your local system. Also carry over the CA cert .Pa /etc/ssl/ca.crt and put it in .Pa /etc/isakmpd/ca/ . .El .Pp To revoke certificates, create a Certificate Revocation List (CRL) file and install it in the .Pa /etc/isakmpd/crls/ directory. See .Xr openssl 1 and the 'crl' subcommand for more info. .Pp It is also possible to store trusted public keys to make them directly usable by .Nm isakmpd . The keys should be saved in PEM format (see .Xr openssl 1 ) and named and stored after this easy formula: .Bl -tag -width for_ufqdn_identities .It For IPv4 identities /etc/isakmpd/pubkeys/ipv4/A.B.C.D .It For IPv6 identities /etc/isakmpd/pubkeys/ipv6/abcd:abcd::ab:bc .It For FQDN identities /etc/isakmpd/pubkeys/fqdn/foo.bar.org .It For UFQDN identities /etc/isakmpd/pubkeys/ufqdn/user@foo.bar.org .El .Ss The FIFO user interface When .Nm starts, it creates a FIFO (named pipe) where it listens for user requests. All commands start with a single letter, followed by command-specific options. Available commands are: .Bl -tag -width Ds -compact .Pp .It Ic "c " Start the named connection, if stopped or inactive. .Pp .It Ic "C set [section]:tag=value" .It Ic "C set [section]:tag=value force" .It Ic "C rm [section]:tag" .It Ic "C rms [section]" Update the running .Nm configuration atomically. 'set' sets a configuration value consisting of a section, tag and value triplet. 'set' will fail if the configuration already contains a section with the named tag, use the 'force' option to change this behaviour. 'rm' removes a tag in a section. 'rms' removes an entire section. .Pp .It Ic "d " Delete the specified SA from the system. Specify as "-" to match a Phase 1 SA. .Pp .It Ic "D " .It Ic "D A " .It Ic "D T" Set debug class to level . If is specified as "A", the level applies to all debug classes. "D T" toggles all debug classes to level zero. Another "D T" command will toggle them back to the earlier levels. .Pp .It Ic "p on[=]" .It Ic "p off" Enable or disable cleartext IKE packet capture. When enabling, optionally specify which file .Nm should capture the packets to. .Pp .It Ic "Q" Cleanly shutdown the daemon, as when sent a SIGTERM signal. .Pp .It Ic "r" Report .Nm internal state to a file. See .Fl R option. Same as when sent a SIGUSR1 signal. .Pp .It Ic "R" Reinitialize .Nm isakmpd , as when sent a SIGHUP signal. .Pp .It Ic "S" Report information on all known SAs to the .Pa /var/run/isakmpd_sa file. .Pp .It Ic "t " Tear down the named connection, if active. .Pp .It Ic "T" Tear down all active connections. .El .Sh FILES .Bl -tag -width /etc/isakmpd/private/local. .It Pa /etc/isakmpd/ca/ The directory where CA certificates can be found. .It Pa /etc/isakmpd/certs/ The directory where IKE certificates can be found, both the local certificate(s) and those of the peers, if a choice to have them kept permanently has been made. .It Pa /etc/isakmpd/crls/ The directory where CRLs can be found. .It Pa /etc/isakmpd/isakmpd.conf The configuration file. As this file can contain sensitive information it must not be readable by anyone but the user running .Nm isakmpd . .It Pa /etc/isakmpd/isakmpd.policy The keynote policy configuration file. The same mode requirements as .Nm isakmpd.conf . .It Pa /etc/isakmpd/private/local.key A local private key for certificate based authentication. There has to be a certificate for this key in the certificate directory mentioned above. The same mode requirements as .Nm isakmpd.conf . .It Pa /etc/isakmpd/pubkeys/ Directory in which trusted public keys can be kept. The keys must be named in the fashion described above. .It Pa /var/run/isakmpd.pid The PID of the current daemon. .It Pa /var/run/isakmpd.fifo The FIFO used to manually control .Nm isakmpd . .It Pa /var/run/isakmpd.pcap The default IKE packet capture file. .It Pa /var/run/isakmpd.report The report file written when .Dv SIGUSR1 is received. .It Pa /var/run/isakmpd_sa The report file written when the 'S' command is issued in the command FIFO. .It Pa /usr/share/ipsec/isakmpd/ A directory containing some sample .Nm and keynote policy configuration files. .El .Sh SEE ALSO .Xr openssl 1 , .Xr getnameinfo 3 , .Xr pcap 3 , .Xr ipsec 4 , .Xr isakmpd.conf 5 , .Xr isakmpd.policy 5 , .Xr ssl 8 , .Xr tcpdump 8 , .Xr vpn 8 .Sh HISTORY The ISAKMP/Oakley key management protocol is described in the RFCs .%T RFC 2407 , .%T RFC 2408 and .%T RFC 2409 . This implementation was done 1998 by Niklas Hallqvist and Niels Provos, sponsored by Ericsson Radio Systems. .Sh CAVEATS When storing a trusted public key for an IPv6 identity, the .Em most efficient form of address representation, i.e "::" instead of ":0:0:0:", must be used or the matching will fail. .Nm uses the output from .Xr getnameinfo 3 for the address-to-name translation. .Sh BUGS The .Fl P flag does not do what we document, rather it does nothing.