.\"	$OpenBSD: mount_nfs.8,v 1.37 2007/02/20 14:07:32 jmc Exp $
.\"	$NetBSD: mount_nfs.8,v 1.3 1996/02/18 11:59:10 fvdl Exp $
.\"
.\" Copyright (c) 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995
.\"	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
.\"
.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
.\" are met:
.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
.\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
.\"    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
.\"    without specific prior written permission.
.\"
.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
.\"
.\"	@(#)mount_nfs.8	8.3 (Berkeley) 3/29/95
.\"
.Dd March 29, 1995
.Dt MOUNT_NFS 8
.Os
.Sh NAME
.Nm mount_nfs
.Nd mount NFS file systems
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.Nm mount_nfs
.Bk -words
.Op Fl 23bcdilsTU
.Op Fl a Ar maxreadahead
.Op Fl g Ar maxgroups
.Op Fl I Ar readdirsize
.Op Fl o Ar options
.Op Fl R Ar retrycnt
.Op Fl r Ar readsize
.Op Fl t Ar timeout
.Op Fl w Ar writesize
.Op Fl x Ar retrans
.Ar rhost : Ns Ar path node
.Ek
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Nm
command
calls the
.Xr mount 2
system call to prepare and graft a remote NFS file system (rhost:path)
on to the file system tree at the point
.Ar node .
This command is normally executed by
.Xr mount 8 .
It implements the mount protocol as described in RFC 1094, Appendix A and
.%T "NFS: Network File System Version 3 Protocol Specification" ,
Appendix I.
.Pp
The options are as follows:
.Bl -tag -width Ds
.It Fl 2
Use the NFS Version 2 protocol.
.It Fl 3
Use the NFS Version 3 protocol.
The default is to try version 3 first, and
fall back to version 2 if the mount fails.
.It Fl a Ar maxreadahead
Set the read-ahead count to the specified value.
This may be in the range of 0\-4, and determines how many blocks
will be read ahead when a large file is being read sequentially.
Trying a value greater than 1 for this is suggested for
mounts with a large bandwidth-delay product.
.It Fl b
If an initial attempt to contact the server fails, fork off a child to keep
trying the mount in the background.
Useful for
.Xr fstab 5 ,
where the file system mount is not critical to multiuser operation.
.It Fl c
For UDP mount points, do not do a
.Xr connect 2 .
This must be used for servers that do not reply to requests from the
standard NFS port number 2049.
It may also be required for servers
with more than one IP address (only necessary if replies come from
an address other than the one specified in the mount request).
.It Fl d
Turn off the dynamic retransmit timeout estimator.
This may be useful for UDP mounts that exhibit high retry rates,
since it is possible that the dynamically estimated timeout interval is too
short.
.It Fl g Ar maxgroups
Set the maximum size of the group list for the credentials to the
specified value.
This should be used for mounts on old servers that cannot handle a
group list size of 16, as specified in RFC 1057.
Try 8, if users in a lot of groups cannot get a response from the mount
point.
.It Fl I Ar readdirsize
Set the readdir read size to the specified value.
The value should normally be a multiple of
.Dv DIRBLKSIZ
that is less than or equal to the read size for the mount.
.It Fl i
Make the mount interruptible, which implies that file system calls that
are delayed due to an unresponsive server will fail with EINTR when a
termination signal is posted for the process.
.It Fl l
Used with NFSV3 to specify that the
.Dq readdir plus
RPC should
be used.
This option reduces RPC traffic for cases such as
.Dq "ls -l" ,
but tends to flood the attribute and name caches with prefetched entries.
Try this option and see whether performance improves or degrades.
Probably
most useful for client to server network interconnects with a large
bandwidth-delay product.
.It Fl o Ar options
Options are specified with a
.Fl o
flag followed by a comma separated string of options.
The prefix
.Dq no
may be added to invert the behavior of default options that do not
take arguments.
See the
.Xr mount 8
man page for possible options and their meanings.
.Pp
The following NFS specific options are also available:
.Bl -tag -width 15n
.It Cm ac
Enable attribute caching for both files and directories (default).
.It Cm acdirmax Ns = Ns Ar num
Cache directory attributes for no more than
.Ar num
seconds.
The default is 60 seconds.
.It Cm acdirmin Ns = Ns Ar num
Cache directory attributes for at least
.Ar num
seconds.
The default is 5 seconds.
.It Cm acregmax Ns = Ns Ar num
Cache file attributes for no more than
.Ar num
seconds.
The default is 60 seconds.
.It Cm acregmin Ns = Ns Ar num
Cache file attributes for at least
.Ar num
seconds.
The default is 5 seconds.
.It Cm port Ns = Ns Ar portnumber
Use the specified port number for NFS requests.
The default is to query the portmapper for the NFS port.
.El
.It Fl R Ar retrycnt
Set the retry count for doing the mount to the specified value.
The default is 10000.
.It Fl r Ar readsize
Set the read data size to the specified value.
It should normally be a power of 2 greater than or equal to 1024.
This should be used for UDP mounts when the
.Dq "fragments dropped after timeout"
value is getting large while actively using a mount point.
(Use
.Xr netstat 1
with the
.Fl s
option to see what this
value is.)
See the
.Fl w
option as well.
.It Fl s
A soft mount, which implies that file system calls will fail
after
.Ar retrans
round trip timeout intervals have been reached (see
.Fl x ) .
.It Fl T
Use TCP instead of UDP.
Note that TCP may not be supported by some very old NFS servers.
.It Fl t Ar timeout
Set the initial retransmit timeout to the specified value.
May be useful for fine tuning UDP mounts over internetworks
with high packet loss rates or an overloaded server.
Try increasing the interval if
.Xr nfsstat 1
shows high retransmit rates while the file system is active or reducing the
value if there is a low retransmit rate but long response delay observed.
(Normally, the
.Fl d
option should be specified when using this option to manually
tune the timeout
interval.)
.It Fl U
Force the mount protocol to use UDP, even for TCP NFS mounts.
(Necessary for some old
.Bx
servers.)
.It Fl w Ar writesize
Set the write data size to the specified value.
Ditto the comments w.r.t. the
.Fl r
option, but using the
.Dq "fragments dropped after timeout"
value on the server instead of the client.
Note that both the
.Fl r
and
.Fl w
options should only be used as a last ditch effort at improving performance
when mounting servers that do not support TCP mounts.
.It Fl x Ar retrans
Set the retransmit timeout count for soft mounts to the specified value.
Defaults to 10.
.El
.Pp
In versions prior to
.Ox 2.7 ,
.Li nfsiod
daemons were running to improve performance of client NFS I/O.
This is no longer done this way.
Use
.Xr sysctl 8
or modify
.Xr sysctl.conf 5
to adjust the
.Va vfs.nfs.iothreads
value, which is the number of kernel threads created
to serve asynchronous NFS I/O requests.
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr nfsstat 1 ,
.Xr mount 2 ,
.Xr tcp 4 ,
.Xr udp 4 ,
.Xr fstab 5 ,
.Xr mount 8 ,
.Xr nfsd 8 ,
.Xr sysctl 8 ,
.Xr umount 8
.Sh HISTORY
The
.Fl P
flag historically informed the kernel to use a reserved port when
communicating with clients.
In
.Ox ,
a reserved port is always used.
.Sh BUGS
Due to the way that Sun RPC is implemented on top of UDP (unreliable datagram),
tuning such mounts is really a black art that can only be expected
to have limited success.