/* $OpenBSD: ping.c,v 1.92 2012/03/17 10:16:40 dlg Exp $ */ /* $NetBSD: ping.c,v 1.20 1995/08/11 22:37:58 cgd Exp $ */ /* * Copyright (c) 1989, 1993 * The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. * * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by * Mike Muuss. * * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions * are met: * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software * without specific prior written permission. * * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF * SUCH DAMAGE. */ /* * P I N G . C * * Using the InterNet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) "ECHO" facility, * measure round-trip-delays and packet loss across network paths. * * Author - * Mike Muuss * U. S. Army Ballistic Research Laboratory * December, 1983 * * Status - * Public Domain. Distribution Unlimited. * Bugs - * More statistics could always be gathered. * This program has to run SUID to ROOT to access the ICMP socket. */ #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include struct tvi { u_int tv_sec; u_int tv_usec; }; #define DEFDATALEN (64 - 8) /* default data length */ #define MAXIPLEN 60 #define MAXICMPLEN 76 #define MAXPAYLOAD (IP_MAXPACKET - MAXIPLEN - 8) /* max ICMP payload size */ #define MAXWAIT_DEFAULT 10 /* secs to wait for response */ #define NROUTES 9 /* number of record route slots */ #define A(bit) rcvd_tbl[(bit)>>3] /* identify byte in array */ #define B(bit) (1 << ((bit) & 0x07)) /* identify bit in byte */ #define SET(bit) (A(bit) |= B(bit)) #define CLR(bit) (A(bit) &= (~B(bit))) #define TST(bit) (A(bit) & B(bit)) /* various options */ int options; #define F_FLOOD 0x0001 #define F_INTERVAL 0x0002 #define F_NUMERIC 0x0004 #define F_PINGFILLED 0x0008 #define F_QUIET 0x0010 #define F_RROUTE 0x0020 #define F_SO_DEBUG 0x0040 #define F_SO_DONTROUTE 0x0080 #define F_VERBOSE 0x0100 #define F_SADDR 0x0200 #define F_HDRINCL 0x0400 #define F_TTL 0x0800 #define F_AUD_RECV 0x2000 #define F_AUD_MISS 0x4000 /* multicast options */ int moptions; #define MULTICAST_NOLOOP 0x001 #define MULTICAST_TTL 0x002 #define MULTICAST_IF 0x004 /* * MAX_DUP_CHK is the number of bits in received table, i.e. the maximum * number of received sequence numbers we can keep track of. Change 128 * to 8192 for complete accuracy... */ #define MAX_DUP_CHK (8 * 128) int mx_dup_ck = MAX_DUP_CHK; char rcvd_tbl[MAX_DUP_CHK / 8]; struct sockaddr_in whereto; /* who to ping */ struct sockaddr_in whence; /* Which interface we come from */ unsigned int datalen = DEFDATALEN; int s; /* socket file descriptor */ u_char outpackhdr[IP_MAXPACKET]; /* Max packet size = 65535 */ u_char *outpack = outpackhdr+sizeof(struct ip); char BSPACE = '\b'; /* characters written for flood */ char DOT = '.'; char *hostname; int ident; /* process id to identify our packets */ /* counters */ unsigned long npackets; /* max packets to transmit */ unsigned long nreceived; /* # of packets we got back */ unsigned long nrepeats; /* number of duplicates */ unsigned long ntransmitted; /* sequence # for outbound packets = #sent */ unsigned long nmissedmax = 1; /* max value of ntransmitted - nreceived - 1 */ double interval = 1; /* interval between packets */ struct itimerval interstr; /* interval structure for use with setitimer */ /* timing */ int timing; /* flag to do timing */ unsigned int maxwait = MAXWAIT_DEFAULT; /* max seconds to wait for response */ quad_t tmin = 999999999; /* minimum round trip time in usec */ quad_t tmax = 0; /* maximum round trip time in usec */ quad_t tsum = 0; /* sum of all times in usec, for doing average */ quad_t tsumsq = 0; /* sum of all times squared, for std. dev. */ int bufspace = IP_MAXPACKET; void fill(char *, char *); void catcher(int signo); void prtsig(int signo); void finish(int signo); void summary(int, int); int in_cksum(u_short *, int); void pinger(void); char *pr_addr(in_addr_t); int check_icmph(struct ip *); void pr_icmph(struct icmp *); void pr_pack(char *, int, struct sockaddr_in *); void pr_retip(struct ip *); quad_t qsqrt(quad_t); void pr_iph(struct ip *); #ifndef SMALL int map_tos(char *, int *); #endif /* SMALL */ void usage(void); int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { struct timeval timeout; struct hostent *hp; struct sockaddr_in *to; struct in_addr saddr; int i, ch, hold = 1, packlen, preload, maxsize, df = 0, tos = 0; u_char *datap, *packet, ttl = MAXTTL, loop = 1; char *target, hnamebuf[MAXHOSTNAMELEN]; #ifdef IP_OPTIONS char rspace[3 + 4 * NROUTES + 1]; /* record route space */ #endif socklen_t maxsizelen; const char *errstr; fd_set *fdmaskp; size_t fdmasks; uid_t uid; u_int rtableid; if ((s = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_ICMP)) < 0) err(1, "socket"); /* revoke privs */ uid = getuid(); if (setresuid(uid, uid, uid) == -1) err(1, "setresuid"); preload = 0; datap = &outpack[8 + sizeof(struct tvi)]; while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "DEI:LRS:c:defi:l:np:qrs:T:t:V:vw:")) != -1) switch(ch) { case 'c': npackets = (unsigned long)strtonum(optarg, 0, INT_MAX, &errstr); if (errstr) errx(1, "number of packets to transmit is %s: %s", errstr, optarg); break; case 'D': options |= F_HDRINCL; df = 1; break; case 'd': options |= F_SO_DEBUG; break; case 'E': options |= F_AUD_MISS; break; case 'e': options |= F_AUD_RECV; break; case 'f': if (getuid()) errx(1, "%s", strerror(EPERM)); options |= F_FLOOD; setbuf(stdout, (char *)NULL); break; case 'I': case 'S': /* deprecated */ if (inet_aton(optarg, &saddr) == 0) { if ((hp = gethostbyname(optarg)) == NULL) errx(1, "bad interface address: %s", optarg); memcpy(&saddr, hp->h_addr, sizeof(saddr)); } options |= F_SADDR; break; case 'i': /* wait between sending packets */ interval = strtod(optarg, NULL); if (interval <= 0 || interval >= INT_MAX) errx(1, "bad timing interval: %s", optarg); if (interval < 1) if (getuid()) errx(1, "%s: only root may use interval < 1s", strerror(EPERM)); if (interval < 0.01) interval = 0.01; options |= F_INTERVAL; break; case 'L': moptions |= MULTICAST_NOLOOP; loop = 0; break; case 'l': if (getuid()) errx(1, "%s", strerror(EPERM)); preload = (int)strtonum(optarg, 1, INT_MAX, &errstr); if (errstr) errx(1, "preload value is %s: %s", errstr, optarg); break; case 'n': options |= F_NUMERIC; break; case 'p': /* fill buffer with user pattern */ options |= F_PINGFILLED; fill((char *)datap, optarg); break; case 'q': options |= F_QUIET; break; case 'R': options |= F_RROUTE; break; case 'r': options |= F_SO_DONTROUTE; break; case 's': /* size of packet to send */ datalen = (unsigned int)strtonum(optarg, 0, MAXPAYLOAD, &errstr); if (errstr) errx(1, "packet size is %s: %s", errstr, optarg); break; #ifndef SMALL case 'T': options |= F_HDRINCL; errno = 0; errstr = NULL; if (map_tos(optarg, &tos)) break; if (strlen(optarg) > 1 && optarg[0] == '0' && optarg[1] == 'x') tos = (int)strtol(optarg, NULL, 16); else tos = (int)strtonum(optarg, 0, 255, &errstr); if (tos < 0 || tos > 255 || errstr || errno) errx(1, "illegal tos value %s", optarg); break; #endif /* SMALL */ case 't': options |= F_TTL; ttl = (u_char)strtonum(optarg, 1, 255, &errstr); if (errstr) errx(1, "ttl value is %s: %s", errstr, optarg); break; case 'V': rtableid = (unsigned int)strtonum(optarg, 0, RT_TABLEID_MAX, &errstr); if (errstr) errx(1, "rtable value is %s: %s", errstr, optarg); if (setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RTABLE, &rtableid, sizeof(rtableid)) == -1) err(1, "setsockopt SO_RTABLE"); break; case 'v': options |= F_VERBOSE; break; case 'w': maxwait = (unsigned int)strtonum(optarg, 1, INT_MAX, &errstr); if (errstr) errx(1, "maxwait value is %s: %s", errstr, optarg); break; default: usage(); } argc -= optind; argv += optind; if (argc != 1) usage(); memset(&interstr, 0, sizeof(interstr)); interstr.it_value.tv_sec = (long) interval; interstr.it_value.tv_usec = (long) ((interval - interstr.it_value.tv_sec) * 1000000); target = *argv; memset(&whereto, 0, sizeof(whereto)); to = &whereto; to->sin_len = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in); to->sin_family = AF_INET; if (inet_aton(target, &to->sin_addr) != 0) hostname = target; else { hp = gethostbyname(target); if (!hp) errx(1, "unknown host: %s", target); to->sin_family = hp->h_addrtype; memcpy(&to->sin_addr, hp->h_addr, (size_t)hp->h_length); (void)strlcpy(hnamebuf, hp->h_name, sizeof(hnamebuf)); hostname = hnamebuf; } if (options & F_FLOOD && options & F_INTERVAL) errx(1, "-f and -i options are incompatible"); if ((options & F_FLOOD) && (options & (F_AUD_RECV | F_AUD_MISS))) warnx("No audible output for flood pings"); if (datalen >= sizeof(struct tvi)) /* can we time transfer */ timing = 1; packlen = datalen + MAXIPLEN + MAXICMPLEN; if (!(packet = malloc((size_t)packlen))) err(1, "malloc"); if (!(options & F_PINGFILLED)) for (i = sizeof(struct tvi); i < datalen; ++i) *datap++ = i; ident = getpid() & 0xFFFF; if (options & F_SADDR) { if (IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(to->sin_addr.s_addr))) moptions |= MULTICAST_IF; else { memset(&whence, 0, sizeof(whence)); whence.sin_len = sizeof(whence); whence.sin_family = AF_INET; memcpy(&whence.sin_addr.s_addr, &saddr, sizeof(saddr)); if (bind(s, (struct sockaddr *)&whence, sizeof(whence)) < 0) err(1, "bind"); } } if (options & F_SO_DEBUG) (void)setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DEBUG, &hold, sizeof(hold)); if (options & F_SO_DONTROUTE) (void)setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DONTROUTE, &hold, sizeof(hold)); if (options & F_TTL) { if (IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(to->sin_addr.s_addr))) moptions |= MULTICAST_TTL; else options |= F_HDRINCL; } if (options & F_RROUTE && options & F_HDRINCL) errx(1, "-R option and -D or -T, or -t to unicast destinations" " are incompatible"); if (options & F_HDRINCL) { struct ip *ip = (struct ip *)outpackhdr; setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_HDRINCL, &hold, sizeof(hold)); ip->ip_v = IPVERSION; ip->ip_hl = sizeof(struct ip) >> 2; ip->ip_tos = tos; ip->ip_id = 0; ip->ip_off = htons(df ? IP_DF : 0); ip->ip_ttl = ttl; ip->ip_p = IPPROTO_ICMP; if (options & F_SADDR) ip->ip_src = saddr; else ip->ip_src.s_addr = INADDR_ANY; ip->ip_dst = to->sin_addr; } /* record route option */ if (options & F_RROUTE) { if (IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(to->sin_addr.s_addr))) errx(1, "record route not valid to multicast destinations"); #ifdef IP_OPTIONS memset(rspace, 0, sizeof(rspace)); rspace[IPOPT_OPTVAL] = IPOPT_RR; rspace[IPOPT_OLEN] = sizeof(rspace)-1; rspace[IPOPT_OFFSET] = IPOPT_MINOFF; if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_OPTIONS, rspace, sizeof(rspace)) < 0) { perror("ping: record route"); exit(1); } #else errx(1, "record route not available in this implementation"); #endif /* IP_OPTIONS */ } if ((moptions & MULTICAST_NOLOOP) && setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_LOOP, &loop, sizeof(loop)) < 0) err(1, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_LOOP"); if ((moptions & MULTICAST_TTL) && setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_TTL, &ttl, sizeof(ttl)) < 0) err(1, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_TTL"); if ((moptions & MULTICAST_IF) && setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_IF, &saddr, sizeof(saddr)) < 0) err(1, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_IF"); /* * When trying to send large packets, you must increase the * size of both the send and receive buffers... */ maxsizelen = sizeof maxsize; if (getsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &maxsize, &maxsizelen) < 0) err(1, "getsockopt"); if (maxsize < packlen && setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &packlen, sizeof(maxsize)) < 0) err(1, "setsockopt"); /* * When pinging the broadcast address, you can get a lot of answers. * Doing something so evil is useful if you are trying to stress the * ethernet, or just want to fill the arp cache to get some stuff for * /etc/ethers. */ while (setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, (void*)&bufspace, sizeof(bufspace)) < 0) { if ((bufspace -= 1024) <= 0) err(1, "Cannot set the receive buffer size"); } if (bufspace < IP_MAXPACKET) warnx("Could only allocate a receive buffer of %i bytes (default %i)", bufspace, IP_MAXPACKET); if (to->sin_family == AF_INET) (void)printf("PING %s (%s): %d data bytes\n", hostname, inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&to->sin_addr.s_addr), datalen); else (void)printf("PING %s: %d data bytes\n", hostname, datalen); (void)signal(SIGINT, finish); (void)signal(SIGALRM, catcher); #ifdef SIGINFO (void)signal(SIGINFO, prtsig); #endif while (preload--) /* fire off them quickies */ pinger(); if ((options & F_FLOOD) == 0) catcher(0); /* start things going */ fdmasks = howmany(s+1, NFDBITS) * sizeof(fd_mask); if ((fdmaskp = (fd_set *)malloc(fdmasks)) == NULL) err(1, "malloc"); for (;;) { struct sockaddr_in from; sigset_t omask, nmask; socklen_t fromlen; int cc; if (options & F_FLOOD) { pinger(); timeout.tv_sec = 0; timeout.tv_usec = 10000; memset(fdmaskp, 0, fdmasks); FD_SET(s, fdmaskp); if (select(s + 1, (fd_set *)fdmaskp, (fd_set *)NULL, (fd_set *)NULL, &timeout) < 1) continue; } fromlen = sizeof(from); if ((cc = recvfrom(s, packet, packlen, 0, (struct sockaddr *)&from, &fromlen)) < 0) { if (errno == EINTR) continue; perror("ping: recvfrom"); continue; } sigemptyset(&nmask); sigaddset(&nmask, SIGALRM); sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, &nmask, &omask); pr_pack((char *)packet, cc, &from); sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &omask, NULL); if (npackets && nreceived >= npackets) break; } free(fdmaskp); finish(0); /* NOTREACHED */ exit(0); /* Make the compiler happy */ } /* * catcher -- * This routine causes another PING to be transmitted, and then * schedules another SIGALRM for 1 second from now. * * bug -- * Our sense of time will slowly skew (i.e., packets will not be * launched exactly at 1-second intervals). This does not affect the * quality of the delay and loss statistics. */ /* ARGSUSED */ void catcher(int signo) { int save_errno = errno; unsigned int waittime; pinger(); (void)signal(SIGALRM, catcher); if (!npackets || ntransmitted < npackets) setitimer(ITIMER_REAL, &interstr, (struct itimerval *)0); else { if (nreceived) { waittime = 2 * tmax / 1000000; if (!waittime) waittime = 1; } else waittime = maxwait; (void)signal(SIGALRM, finish); (void)alarm(waittime); } if (ntransmitted - nreceived - 1 > nmissedmax) { nmissedmax = ntransmitted - nreceived - 1; if (!(options & F_FLOOD) && (options & F_AUD_MISS)) write(STDERR_FILENO, "\a", 1); } errno = save_errno; } /* * Print statistics when SIGINFO is received. */ /* ARGSUSED */ void prtsig(int signo) { int save_errno = errno; summary(0, 1); errno = save_errno; } /* * pinger -- * Compose and transmit an ICMP ECHO REQUEST packet. The IP packet * will be added on by the kernel. The ID field is our UNIX process ID, * and the sequence number is an ascending integer. The first 8 bytes * of the data portion are used to hold a UNIX "timeval" struct in VAX * byte-order, to compute the round-trip time. */ void pinger(void) { struct icmp *icp; char buf[8192]; int cc, i; u_char *packet = outpack; icp = (struct icmp *)outpack; icp->icmp_type = ICMP_ECHO; icp->icmp_code = 0; icp->icmp_cksum = 0; icp->icmp_seq = htons(ntransmitted); icp->icmp_id = ident; /* ID */ CLR(ntohs(icp->icmp_seq) % mx_dup_ck); if (timing) { struct timeval tv; struct tvi tvi; (void)gettimeofday(&tv, (struct timezone *)NULL); tvi.tv_sec = htonl(tv.tv_sec); tvi.tv_usec = htonl(tv.tv_usec); memcpy(&outpack[8], &tvi, sizeof tvi); } cc = datalen + 8; /* skips ICMP portion */ /* compute ICMP checksum here */ icp->icmp_cksum = in_cksum((u_short *)icp, cc); if (options & F_HDRINCL) { struct ip *ip = (struct ip *)outpackhdr; packet = (u_char *)ip; cc += sizeof(struct ip); ip->ip_len = htons(cc); ip->ip_sum = in_cksum((u_short *)outpackhdr, cc); } i = sendto(s, packet, cc, 0, (struct sockaddr *)&whereto, sizeof(whereto)); if (i < 0 || i != cc) { if (i < 0) perror("ping: sendto"); snprintf(buf, sizeof buf, "ping: wrote %s %d chars, ret=%d\n", hostname, cc, i); write(STDOUT_FILENO, buf, strlen(buf)); } if (!(options & F_QUIET) && options & F_FLOOD) (void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &DOT, 1); ntransmitted++; } /* * pr_pack -- * Print out the packet, if it came from us. This logic is necessary * because ALL readers of the ICMP socket get a copy of ALL ICMP packets * which arrive ('tis only fair). This permits multiple copies of this * program to be run without having intermingled output (or statistics!). */ void pr_pack(char *buf, int cc, struct sockaddr_in *from) { struct icmp *icp; in_addr_t l; u_int i, j; u_char *cp, *dp; static int old_rrlen; static char old_rr[MAX_IPOPTLEN]; struct ip *ip, *ip2; struct timeval tv, tp; char *pkttime; quad_t triptime = 0; int hlen, hlen2, dupflag; (void)gettimeofday(&tv, (struct timezone *)NULL); /* Check the IP header */ ip = (struct ip *)buf; hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2; if (cc < hlen + ICMP_MINLEN) { if (options & F_VERBOSE) warnx("packet too short (%d bytes) from %s", cc, inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&from->sin_addr.s_addr)); return; } /* Now the ICMP part */ cc -= hlen; icp = (struct icmp *)(buf + hlen); if (icp->icmp_type == ICMP_ECHOREPLY) { if (icp->icmp_id != ident) return; /* 'Twas not our ECHO */ ++nreceived; if (timing) { struct tvi tvi; #ifndef icmp_data pkttime = (char *)&icp->icmp_ip; #else pkttime = (char *)icp->icmp_data; #endif memcpy(&tvi, pkttime, sizeof tvi); tp.tv_sec = ntohl(tvi.tv_sec); tp.tv_usec = ntohl(tvi.tv_usec); timersub(&tv, &tp, &tv); triptime = (tv.tv_sec * 1000000) + tv.tv_usec; tsum += triptime; tsumsq += triptime * triptime; if (triptime < tmin) tmin = triptime; if (triptime > tmax) tmax = triptime; } if (TST(ntohs(icp->icmp_seq) % mx_dup_ck)) { ++nrepeats; --nreceived; dupflag = 1; } else { SET(ntohs(icp->icmp_seq) % mx_dup_ck); dupflag = 0; } if (options & F_QUIET) return; if (options & F_FLOOD) (void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &BSPACE, 1); else { (void)printf("%d bytes from %s: icmp_seq=%u", cc, inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&from->sin_addr.s_addr), ntohs(icp->icmp_seq)); (void)printf(" ttl=%d", ip->ip_ttl); if (timing) (void)printf(" time=%d.%03d ms", (int)(triptime / 1000), (int)(triptime % 1000)); if (dupflag) (void)printf(" (DUP!)"); /* check the data */ if (cc - 8 < datalen) (void)printf(" (TRUNC!)"); cp = (u_char *)&icp->icmp_data[sizeof(struct tvi)]; dp = &outpack[8 + sizeof(struct tvi)]; for (i = 8 + sizeof(struct tvi); i < cc && i < datalen; ++i, ++cp, ++dp) { if (*cp != *dp) { (void)printf("\nwrong data byte #%d " "should be 0x%x but was 0x%x", i - 8, *dp, *cp); cp = (u_char *)&icp->icmp_data[0]; for (i = 8; i < cc && i < datalen; ++i, ++cp) { if ((i % 32) == 8) (void)printf("\n\t"); (void)printf("%x ", *cp); } break; } } } } else { /* We've got something other than an ECHOREPLY */ if (!(options & F_VERBOSE)) return; ip2 = (struct ip *)(buf + hlen + sizeof (struct icmp)); hlen2 = ip2->ip_hl << 2; if (cc >= hlen2 + 8 && check_icmph(ip2) != 1) return; (void)printf("%d bytes from %s: ", cc, pr_addr(from->sin_addr.s_addr)); pr_icmph(icp); } /* Display any IP options */ cp = (u_char *)buf + sizeof(struct ip); for (; hlen > (int)sizeof(struct ip); --hlen, ++cp) switch (*cp) { case IPOPT_EOL: hlen = 0; break; case IPOPT_LSRR: (void)printf("\nLSRR: "); hlen -= 2; j = *++cp; ++cp; i = 0; if (j > IPOPT_MINOFF) { for (;;) { l = *++cp; l = (l<<8) + *++cp; l = (l<<8) + *++cp; l = (l<<8) + *++cp; if (l == 0) (void)printf("\t0.0.0.0"); else (void)printf("\t%s", pr_addr(ntohl(l))); hlen -= 4; j -= 4; i += 4; if (j <= IPOPT_MINOFF) break; if (i >= MAX_IPOPTLEN) { (void)printf("\t(truncated route)"); break; } (void)putchar('\n'); } } break; case IPOPT_RR: j = *++cp; /* get length */ i = *++cp; /* and pointer */ hlen -= 2; if (i > j) i = j; i -= IPOPT_MINOFF; if (i <= 0) continue; if (i == old_rrlen && cp == (u_char *)buf + sizeof(struct ip) + 2 && !memcmp(cp, old_rr, i) && !(options & F_FLOOD)) { (void)printf("\t(same route)"); i = ((i + 3) / 4) * 4; hlen -= i; cp += i; break; } if (i < MAX_IPOPTLEN) { old_rrlen = i; memcpy(old_rr, cp, i); } else old_rrlen = 0; (void)printf("\nRR: "); j = 0; for (;;) { l = *++cp; l = (l<<8) + *++cp; l = (l<<8) + *++cp; l = (l<<8) + *++cp; if (l == 0) (void)printf("\t0.0.0.0"); else (void)printf("\t%s", pr_addr(ntohl(l))); hlen -= 4; i -= 4; j += 4; if (i <= 0) break; if (j >= MAX_IPOPTLEN) { (void)printf("\t(truncated route)"); break; } (void)putchar('\n'); } break; case IPOPT_NOP: (void)printf("\nNOP"); break; default: (void)printf("\nunknown option %x", *cp); hlen = hlen - (cp[IPOPT_OLEN] - 1); cp = cp + (cp[IPOPT_OLEN] - 1); break; } if (!(options & F_FLOOD)) { (void)putchar('\n'); (void)fflush(stdout); if (options & F_AUD_RECV) write(STDERR_FILENO, "\a", 1); } } /* * in_cksum -- * Checksum routine for Internet Protocol family headers (C Version) */ int in_cksum(u_short *addr, int len) { int nleft = len; u_short *w = addr; int sum = 0; u_short answer = 0; /* * Our algorithm is simple, using a 32 bit accumulator (sum), we add * sequential 16 bit words to it, and at the end, fold back all the * carry bits from the top 16 bits into the lower 16 bits. */ while (nleft > 1) { sum += *w++; nleft -= 2; } /* mop up an odd byte, if necessary */ if (nleft == 1) { *(u_char *)(&answer) = *(u_char *)w ; sum += answer; } /* add back carry outs from top 16 bits to low 16 bits */ sum = (sum >> 16) + (sum & 0xffff); /* add hi 16 to low 16 */ sum += (sum >> 16); /* add carry */ answer = ~sum; /* truncate to 16 bits */ return(answer); } void summary(int header, int insig) { char buf[8192], buft[8192]; buf[0] = '\0'; if (!insig) { (void)putchar('\r'); (void)fflush(stdout); } else strlcat(buf, "\r", sizeof buf); if (header) { snprintf(buft, sizeof buft, "--- %s ping statistics ---\n", hostname); strlcat(buf, buft, sizeof buf); } snprintf(buft, sizeof buft, "%ld packets transmitted, ", ntransmitted); strlcat(buf, buft, sizeof buf); snprintf(buft, sizeof buft, "%ld packets received, ", nreceived); strlcat(buf, buft, sizeof buf); if (nrepeats) { snprintf(buft, sizeof buft, "%ld duplicates, ", nrepeats); strlcat(buf, buft, sizeof buf); } if (ntransmitted) { if (nreceived > ntransmitted) snprintf(buft, sizeof buft, "-- somebody's duplicating packets!"); else snprintf(buft, sizeof buft, "%.1f%% packet loss", ((((double)ntransmitted - nreceived) * 100) / ntransmitted)); strlcat(buf, buft, sizeof buf); } strlcat(buf, "\n", sizeof buf); if (nreceived && timing) { quad_t num = nreceived + nrepeats; quad_t avg = tsum / num; quad_t dev = qsqrt(tsumsq / num - avg * avg); snprintf(buft, sizeof buft, "round-trip min/avg/max/std-dev = " "%d.%03d/%d.%03d/%d.%03d/%d.%03d ms\n", (int)(tmin / 1000), (int)(tmin % 1000), (int)(avg / 1000), (int)(avg % 1000), (int)(tmax / 1000), (int)(tmax % 1000), (int)(dev / 1000), (int)(dev % 1000)); strlcat(buf, buft, sizeof buf); } write(STDOUT_FILENO, buf, strlen(buf)); /* XXX atomicio? */ } quad_t qsqrt(quad_t qdev) { quad_t y, x = 1; if (!qdev) return(0); do { /* newton was a stinker */ y = x; x = qdev / x; x += y; x /= 2; } while ((x - y) > 1 || (x - y) < -1); return(x); } /* * finish -- * Print out statistics, and give up. */ void finish(int signo) { (void)signal(SIGINT, SIG_IGN); summary(1, signo); if (signo) _exit(nreceived ? 0 : 1); else exit(nreceived ? 0 : 1); } #ifdef notdef static char *ttab[] = { "Echo Reply", /* ip + seq + udata */ "Dest Unreachable", /* net, host, proto, port, frag, sr + IP */ "Source Quench", /* IP */ "Redirect", /* redirect type, gateway, + IP */ "Echo", "Time Exceeded", /* transit, frag reassem + IP */ "Parameter Problem", /* pointer + IP */ "Timestamp", /* id + seq + three timestamps */ "Timestamp Reply", /* " */ "Info Request", /* id + sq */ "Info Reply" /* " */ }; #endif /* * pr_icmph -- * Print a descriptive string about an ICMP header. */ void pr_icmph(struct icmp *icp) { switch(icp->icmp_type) { case ICMP_ECHOREPLY: (void)printf("Echo Reply\n"); /* XXX ID + Seq + Data */ break; case ICMP_UNREACH: switch(icp->icmp_code) { case ICMP_UNREACH_NET: (void)printf("Destination Net Unreachable\n"); break; case ICMP_UNREACH_HOST: (void)printf("Destination Host Unreachable\n"); break; case ICMP_UNREACH_PROTOCOL: (void)printf("Destination Protocol Unreachable\n"); break; case ICMP_UNREACH_PORT: (void)printf("Destination Port Unreachable\n"); break; case ICMP_UNREACH_NEEDFRAG: if (icp->icmp_nextmtu != 0) (void)printf("frag needed and DF set (MTU %d)\n", ntohs(icp->icmp_nextmtu)); else (void)printf("frag needed and DF set\n"); break; case ICMP_UNREACH_SRCFAIL: (void)printf("Source Route Failed\n"); break; case ICMP_UNREACH_NET_UNKNOWN: (void)printf("Network Unknown\n"); break; case ICMP_UNREACH_HOST_UNKNOWN: (void)printf("Host Unknown\n"); break; case ICMP_UNREACH_ISOLATED: (void)printf("Source Isolated\n"); break; case ICMP_UNREACH_NET_PROHIB: (void)printf("Dest. Net Administratively Prohibited\n"); break; case ICMP_UNREACH_HOST_PROHIB: (void)printf("Dest. Host Administratively Prohibited\n"); break; case ICMP_UNREACH_TOSNET: (void)printf("Destination Net Unreachable for TOS\n"); break; case ICMP_UNREACH_TOSHOST: (void)printf("Destination Host Unreachable for TOS\n"); break; case ICMP_UNREACH_FILTER_PROHIB: (void)printf("Route administratively prohibited\n"); break; case ICMP_UNREACH_HOST_PRECEDENCE: (void)printf("Host Precedence Violation\n"); break; case ICMP_UNREACH_PRECEDENCE_CUTOFF: (void)printf("Precedence Cutoff\n"); break; default: (void)printf("Dest Unreachable, Unknown Code: %d\n", icp->icmp_code); break; } /* Print returned IP header information */ #ifndef icmp_data pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip); #else pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data); #endif break; case ICMP_SOURCEQUENCH: (void)printf("Source Quench\n"); #ifndef icmp_data pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip); #else pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data); #endif break; case ICMP_REDIRECT: switch(icp->icmp_code) { case ICMP_REDIRECT_NET: (void)printf("Redirect Network"); break; case ICMP_REDIRECT_HOST: (void)printf("Redirect Host"); break; case ICMP_REDIRECT_TOSNET: (void)printf("Redirect Type of Service and Network"); break; case ICMP_REDIRECT_TOSHOST: (void)printf("Redirect Type of Service and Host"); break; default: (void)printf("Redirect, Unknown Code: %d", icp->icmp_code); break; } (void)printf("(New addr: %s)\n", inet_ntoa(icp->icmp_gwaddr)); #ifndef icmp_data pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip); #else pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data); #endif break; case ICMP_ECHO: (void)printf("Echo Request\n"); /* XXX ID + Seq + Data */ break; case ICMP_ROUTERADVERT: /* RFC1256 */ (void)printf("Router Discovery Advertisement\n"); (void)printf("(%d entries, lifetime %d seconds)\n", icp->icmp_num_addrs, ntohs(icp->icmp_lifetime)); break; case ICMP_ROUTERSOLICIT: /* RFC1256 */ (void)printf("Router Discovery Solicitation\n"); break; case ICMP_TIMXCEED: switch(icp->icmp_code) { case ICMP_TIMXCEED_INTRANS: (void)printf("Time to live exceeded\n"); break; case ICMP_TIMXCEED_REASS: (void)printf("Frag reassembly time exceeded\n"); break; default: (void)printf("Time exceeded, Unknown Code: %d\n", icp->icmp_code); break; } #ifndef icmp_data pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip); #else pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data); #endif break; case ICMP_PARAMPROB: switch(icp->icmp_code) { case ICMP_PARAMPROB_OPTABSENT: (void)printf("Parameter problem, required option " "absent: pointer = 0x%02x\n", ntohs(icp->icmp_hun.ih_pptr)); break; default: (void)printf("Parameter problem: pointer = 0x%02x\n", ntohs(icp->icmp_hun.ih_pptr)); break; } #ifndef icmp_data pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip); #else pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data); #endif break; case ICMP_TSTAMP: (void)printf("Timestamp\n"); /* XXX ID + Seq + 3 timestamps */ break; case ICMP_TSTAMPREPLY: (void)printf("Timestamp Reply\n"); /* XXX ID + Seq + 3 timestamps */ break; case ICMP_IREQ: (void)printf("Information Request\n"); /* XXX ID + Seq */ break; case ICMP_IREQREPLY: (void)printf("Information Reply\n"); /* XXX ID + Seq */ break; #ifdef ICMP_MASKREQ case ICMP_MASKREQ: (void)printf("Address Mask Request\n"); break; #endif #ifdef ICMP_MASKREPLY case ICMP_MASKREPLY: (void)printf("Address Mask Reply (Mask 0x%08x)\n", ntohl(icp->icmp_mask)); break; #endif default: (void)printf("Unknown ICMP type: %d\n", icp->icmp_type); } } /* * pr_iph -- * Print an IP header with options. */ void pr_iph(struct ip *ip) { int hlen; u_char *cp; hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2; cp = (u_char *)ip + 20; /* point to options */ (void)printf("Vr HL TOS Len ID Flg off TTL Pro cks Src Dst Data\n"); (void)printf(" %1x %1x %02x %04x %04x", ip->ip_v, ip->ip_hl, ip->ip_tos, ip->ip_len, ip->ip_id); (void)printf(" %1x %04x", ((ip->ip_off) & 0xe000) >> 13, (ip->ip_off) & 0x1fff); (void)printf(" %02x %02x %04x", ip->ip_ttl, ip->ip_p, ip->ip_sum); (void)printf(" %s ", inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&ip->ip_src.s_addr)); (void)printf(" %s ", inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&ip->ip_dst.s_addr)); /* dump and option bytes */ while (hlen-- > 20) { (void)printf("%02x", *cp++); } (void)putchar('\n'); } /* * pr_addr -- * Return an ascii host address as a dotted quad and optionally with * a hostname. */ char * pr_addr(in_addr_t a) { struct hostent *hp; struct in_addr in; static char buf[16+3+MAXHOSTNAMELEN]; in.s_addr = a; if ((options & F_NUMERIC) || !(hp = gethostbyaddr((char *)&in.s_addr, sizeof(in.s_addr), AF_INET))) (void)snprintf(buf, sizeof buf, "%s", inet_ntoa(in)); else (void)snprintf(buf, sizeof buf, "%s (%s)", hp->h_name, inet_ntoa(in)); return(buf); } /* * pr_retip -- * Dump some info on a returned (via ICMP) IP packet. */ void pr_retip(struct ip *ip) { int hlen; u_char *cp; pr_iph(ip); hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2; cp = (u_char *)ip + hlen; if (ip->ip_p == 6) (void)printf("TCP: from port %u, to port %u (decimal)\n", (*cp * 256 + *(cp + 1)), (*(cp + 2) * 256 + *(cp + 3))); else if (ip->ip_p == 17) (void)printf("UDP: from port %u, to port %u (decimal)\n", (*cp * 256 + *(cp + 1)), (*(cp + 2) * 256 + *(cp + 3))); } void fill(char *bp, char *patp) { int ii, jj, kk; int pat[16]; char *cp; for (cp = patp; *cp; cp++) if (!isxdigit(*cp)) errx(1, "patterns must be specified as hex digits"); ii = sscanf(patp, "%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x", &pat[0], &pat[1], &pat[2], &pat[3], &pat[4], &pat[5], &pat[6], &pat[7], &pat[8], &pat[9], &pat[10], &pat[11], &pat[12], &pat[13], &pat[14], &pat[15]); if (ii > 0) for (kk = 0; kk <= MAXPAYLOAD - (8 + sizeof(struct tvi) + ii); kk += ii) for (jj = 0; jj < ii; ++jj) bp[jj + kk] = pat[jj]; if (!(options & F_QUIET)) { (void)printf("PATTERN: 0x"); for (jj = 0; jj < ii; ++jj) (void)printf("%02x", bp[jj] & 0xFF); (void)printf("\n"); } } /* * when we get types of ICMP message with parts of the orig. datagram * we want to try to assure ourselves that it is from this instance * of ping, and not say, a refused finger connection or something */ int check_icmph(struct ip *iph) { struct icmp *icmph; /* only allow IP version 4 */ if (iph->ip_v != 4) return 0; /* Only allow ICMP */ if (iph->ip_p != IPPROTO_ICMP) return 0; icmph = (struct icmp *) (iph + (4 * iph->ip_hl)); /* make sure it is in response to an ECHO request */ if (icmph->icmp_type != 8) return 0; /* ok, make sure it has the right id on it */ if (icmph->icmp_hun.ih_idseq.icd_id != ident) return 0; return 1; } #ifndef SMALL int map_tos(char *s, int *val) { /* DiffServ Codepoints and other TOS mappings */ const struct toskeywords { const char *keyword; int val; } *t, toskeywords[] = { { "af11", IPTOS_DSCP_AF11 }, { "af12", IPTOS_DSCP_AF12 }, { "af13", IPTOS_DSCP_AF13 }, { "af21", IPTOS_DSCP_AF21 }, { "af22", IPTOS_DSCP_AF22 }, { "af23", IPTOS_DSCP_AF23 }, { "af31", IPTOS_DSCP_AF31 }, { "af32", IPTOS_DSCP_AF32 }, { "af33", IPTOS_DSCP_AF33 }, { "af41", IPTOS_DSCP_AF41 }, { "af42", IPTOS_DSCP_AF42 }, { "af43", IPTOS_DSCP_AF43 }, { "critical", IPTOS_PREC_CRITIC_ECP }, { "cs0", IPTOS_DSCP_CS0 }, { "cs1", IPTOS_DSCP_CS1 }, { "cs2", IPTOS_DSCP_CS2 }, { "cs3", IPTOS_DSCP_CS3 }, { "cs4", IPTOS_DSCP_CS4 }, { "cs5", IPTOS_DSCP_CS5 }, { "cs6", IPTOS_DSCP_CS6 }, { "cs7", IPTOS_DSCP_CS7 }, { "ef", IPTOS_DSCP_EF }, { "inetcontrol", IPTOS_PREC_INTERNETCONTROL }, { "lowdelay", IPTOS_LOWDELAY }, { "netcontrol", IPTOS_PREC_NETCONTROL }, { "reliability", IPTOS_RELIABILITY }, { "throughput", IPTOS_THROUGHPUT }, { NULL, -1 }, }; for (t = toskeywords; t->keyword != NULL; t++) { if (strcmp(s, t->keyword) == 0) { *val = t->val; return (1); } } return (0); } #endif /* SMALL */ void usage(void) { (void)fprintf(stderr, "usage: ping [-DdEefLnqRrv] [-c count] [-I ifaddr] [-i wait]\n" "\t[-l preload] [-p pattern] [-s packetsize]" #ifndef SMALL " [-T toskeyword]" #endif /* SMALL */ "\n\t[-t ttl] [-V rtable] [-w maxwait] host\n"); exit(1); }