.\" $OpenBSD: ral.4,v 1.25 2005/04/01 09:32:17 damien Exp $
.\"
.\" Copyright (c) 2005
.\"	Damien Bergamini <damien.bergamini@free.fr>
.\"
.\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
.\" purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
.\" copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
.\"
.\" THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
.\" WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
.\" MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
.\" ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
.\" WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
.\" ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
.\" OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
.\"
.Dd February 15, 2005
.Os
.Dt RAL 4
.Sh NAME
.Nm ral
.Nd Ralink Technology RT25x0 IEEE 802.11a/b/g wireless network driver
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.Cd "ral* at cardbus?"
.Cd "ral* at pci?"
.Cd "ural* at uhub? port ?"
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Nm
driver supports PCI/CardBus wireless adapters based on the Ralink RT2500
chipset
and the
.Nm ural
driver supports USB 2.0 wireless adapters based on the Ralink RT2500USB
chipset.
The two drivers are similar and will be merged into one in the future.
.Pp
The RT2500 chipset consists of two integrated chips, a RT2560 or RT2570 MAC/BBP
and a radio transceiver (the model of which depends on the card revision).
.Pp
The RT2522, RT2523, RT2524, RT2525, RT2525e and RT2526 radio transceivers
operate in the 2.4GHz band (802.11b/g) whereas the RT5222 is a dual-band radio
transceiver that can operate in the 2.4GHz and 5.2GHz bands (802.11a).
.Pp
The transmit speed is user-selectable or can be adapted automatically by the
driver depending on the received-signal strength.
See
.Xr rssadapt 9
for more information.
.Pp
These are the modes the
.Nm
driver can operate in:
.Bl -tag -width "IBSS-masterXX"
.It BSS mode
Also known as
.Em infrastructure
mode, this is used when associating with an access point, through
which all traffic passes.
This mode is the default.
.It IBSS mode
Also known as
.Em IEEE ad-hoc
mode or
.Em peer-to-peer
mode.
This is the standardized method of operating without an access point.
Stations associate with a service set.
However, actual connections between stations are peer-to-peer.
.It Host AP
In this mode the driver acts as an access point (base station)
for other cards.
.It monitor mode
In this mode the driver is able to receive packets without
associating with an access point.
This disables the internal receive filter and enables the card to
capture packets from networks which it wouldn't normally have access to,
or to scan for access points.
.El
.Pp
.Nm
supports software WEP.
Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) is the de facto encryption standard
for wireless networks.
It can be typically configured in one of three modes:
no encryption; 40-bit encryption; or 104-bit encryption.
Unfortunately, due to serious weaknesses in WEP protocol
it is strongly recommended that it not be used as the
sole mechanism to secure wireless communication.
WEP is not enabled by default.
.Sh CONFIGURATION
The
.Nm
driver can be configured at runtime with
.Xr ifconfig 8
or on boot with
.Xr hostname.if 5
using the following parameters:
.Bl -tag -width Ds
.It Cm bssid Ar bssid
Set the desired BSSID.
.It Fl bssid
Unset the desired BSSID.
The interface will automatically select a BSSID in this mode, which is
the default.
.It Cm chan Ar n
Set the channel (radio frequency) to be used by the driver based on
the given channel ID
.Ar n .
.It Fl chan
Unset the desired channel to be used by the driver.
The driver will automatically select a channel in this mode, which is
the default.
.It Cm media Ar media
The
.Nm
driver supports the following
.Ar media
types:
.Pp
.Bl -tag -width autoselect -compact
.It Cm autoselect
Enable autoselection of the media type and options.
.It Cm DS1
Set 802.11b DS 1Mbps operation.
.It Cm DS2
Set 802.11b DS 2Mbps operation.
.It Cm DS5
Set 802.11b DS 5.5Mbps operation.
.It Cm DS11
Set 802.11b DS 11Mbps operation.
.It Cm OFDM6
Set 802.11a/g OFDM 6Mbps operation.
.It Cm OFDM9
Set 802.11a/g OFDM 9Mbps operation.
.It Cm OFDM12
Set 802.11a/g OFDM 12Mbps operation.
.It Cm OFDM18
Set 802.11a/g OFDM 18Mbps operation.
.It Cm OFDM24
Set 802.11a/g OFDM 24Mbps operation.
.It Cm OFDM36
Set 802.11a/g OFDM 36Mbps operation.
.It Cm OFDM48
Set 802.11a/g OFDM 48Mbps operation.
.It Cm OFDM54
Set 802.11a/g OFDM 54Mbps operation.
.El
.It Cm mediaopt Ar opts
The
.Nm
driver supports the following media options:
.Pp
.Bl -tag -width monitor -compact
.It Cm hostap
Select Host AP operation.
.It Cm ibss
Select IBSS operation.
.It Cm monitor
Select monitor mode.
.El
.It Fl mediaopt Ar opts
Disable the specified media options on the driver and returns it to the
default mode of operation (BSS).
.It Cm mode Ar mode
The
.Nm
driver supports the following modes:
.Pp
.Bl -tag -width 11b -compact
.It Cm 11a
Force 802.11a operation (RT5222 only).
.It Cm 11b
Force 802.11b operation.
.It Cm 11g
Force 802.11g operation.
.El
.It Cm nwid Ar id
Set the network ID.
The
.Ar id
can either be any text string up to 32 characters in length,
or a series of hexadecimal digits up to 64 digits.
An empty
.Ar id
string allows the interface to connect to any available access points.
By default the
.Nm
driver uses an empty string.
.It Cm nwkey Ar key
Enable WEP encryption using the specified
.Ar key .
The
.Ar key
can either be a string, a series of hexadecimal digits (preceded by
.Sq 0x ) ,
or a set of keys of the form
.Dq n:k1,k2,k3,k4 ,
where
.Sq n
specifies which of the keys will be used for transmitted packets,
and the four keys,
.Dq k1
through
.Dq k4 ,
are configured as WEP keys.
If a set of keys is specified, a comma
.Pq Sq \&,
within the key must be escaped with a backslash.
Note that if multiple keys are used, their order must be the same within
the network.
.Nm
is capable of using both 40-bit (5 characters or 10 hexadecimal digits)
or 104-bit (13 characters or 26 hexadecimal digits) keys.
.It Fl nwkey
Disable WEP encryption.
This is the default mode of operation.
.El
.Sh HARDWARE
The following PCI adapters should work:
.Bd -filled
A-Link WL54H.
Amigo AWI-926W.
AMIT WL531P.
AOpen AOI-831.
ASUS WL-130g.
ASUS WIFI-G-AAY.
Atlantis Land A02-PCI-W54.
Belkin F5D7000 v3.
Canyon CN-WF511.
CNet CWP-854.
Compex WLP54G.
Conceptronic C54Ri.
Digitus DN-7006G-RA.
E-Tech WGPI02.
Edimax EW-7128g.
Eminent EM3037.
Encore ENLWI-G-RLAM.
Fiberline WL-400P.
Gigabyte GN-WPKG.
Hawking HWP54GR.
iNexQ CR054g-009 (R03).
JAHT WN-4054PCI.
LevelOne WNC-0301 v2.
Linksys WMP54G v4.
Micronet SP906GK.
Minitar MN54GPC-R.
MSI PC54G2.
OvisLink EVO-W54PCI.
PheeNet HWL-PCIG/RA.
Pro-Nets PC80211G.
Repotec RP-WP0854.
SATech SN-54P.
Sitecom WL-115.
Surecom EP-9321-g.
Surecom EP-9321-g1.
Sweex LC700030.
TekComm NE-9321-g.
Unex CR054g-R02.
Zinwell ZWX-G361.
Zonet ZEW1600.
.Ed
.Pp
The following CardBus adapters should work:
.Bd -filled
A-Link WL54PC.
Amigo AWI-914W.
AMIT WL531C.
ASUS WL-107G.
Atlantis Land A02-PCM-W54.
Belkin F5D7010 v2.
Canyon CN-WF513.
CC&C WL-2102.
CNet CWC-854.
Compex WL54G.
Conceptronic C54RC.
Digitus DN-7001G-RA.
E-Tech WGPC02.
Edimax EW-7108PCg.
Eminent EM3036.
Encore ENPWI-G-RLAM.
Fibreline WL-400X.
Gigabyte GN-WMKG.
Hawking HWC54GR.
JAHT WN-4054P.
LevelOne WPC-0301 v2.
Micronet SP908GK V3.
Minitar MN54GCB-R.
MSI CB54G2.
Pro-Nets CB80211G.
Repotec RP-WB7108.
SATech SN-54C.
Sitecom WL-112.
SparkLAN WL-685R.
Surecom EP-9428-g.
Sweex LC500050.
TekComm NE-9428-g.
Unex MR054g-R02.
Zinwell ZWX-G160.
Zonet ZEW1500.
.Ed
.Pp
The following Mini PCI adapters should work:
.Bd -filled
Amigo AWI-922W.
Billionton MIWLGRL.
Gigabyte GN-WIKG.
MSI MP54G2.
Zinwell ZWX-G360.
.Ed
.Pp
The following USB 2.0 adapters should work:
.Bd -filled
AMIT WL532U.
ASUS WL-167g.
Buffalo WLI-U2-KG54-AI.
CNet CWD-854.
Compex WLU54G.
Conceptronic C54RU.
D-Link DWL-G122 (b1).
E-Tech WGUS02.
Gigabyte GN-WBKG.
Linksys WUSB54G v4.
Linksys WUSB54GP v4.
MSI MS-6861.
MSI MS-6865.
MSI MS-6869.
Repotec RP-WU0402.
Surecom EP-9001-g.
Zinwell ZWX-G261.
.Ed
.Sh EXAMPLES
The following
.Xr hostname.if 5
example configures ral0 to join whatever network is available on boot,
using WEP key
.Dq 0x1deadbeef1 ,
channel 11, obtaining an IP address using DHCP:
.Bd -literal -offset indent
dhcp NONE NONE NONE nwkey 0x1deadbeef1 chan 11
.Ed
.Pp
Configure ral0 for WEP, using hex key
.Dq 0x1deadbeef1 :
.Bd -literal -offset indent
# ifconfig ral0 nwkey 0x1deadbeef1
.Ed
.Pp
Return ral0 to its default settings:
.Bd -literal -offset indent
# ifconfig ral0 -bssid -chan media autoselect -mediaopt \e
	nwid "" -nwkey
.Ed
.Pp
Join an existing BSS network,
.Dq my_net :
.Bd -literal -offset indent
# ifconfig ral0 192.168.1.1 netmask 0xffffff00 nwid my_net
.Ed
.Sh DIAGNOSTICS
.Bl -diag
.It "ral%d: device timeout"
The driver will reset the hardware.
This should not happen.
.El
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr arp 4 ,
.Xr cardbus 4 ,
.Xr ifmedia 4 ,
.Xr intro 4 ,
.Xr netintro 4 ,
.Xr pci 4 ,
.Xr hostname.if 5 ,
.Xr ifconfig 8
.Rs
.%T Ralink Technology
.%O http://www.ralinktech.com
.Re
.Sh HISTORY
The
.Nm
driver first appeared in
.Ox 3.7 .
.Sh AUTHORS
The
.Nm
driver was written by
.An Damien Bergamini Aq damien@openbsd.org .
.Sh CAVEATS
PCI
.Nm
adapters seem to strictly require a system supporting PCI 2.2 or greater and
will likely not work in systems based on older revisions of the PCI
specification.
.Pp
The
.Nm ural
driver does not support automatic adaptation of the transmit speed.