.\" $OpenBSD: urtwn.4,v 1.45 2019/01/14 06:56:41 jmatthew Exp $ .\" .\" Copyright (c) 2010 Damien Bergamini .\" .\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any .\" purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above .\" copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies. .\" .\" THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES .\" WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF .\" MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR .\" ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES .\" WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN .\" ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF .\" OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE. .\" .Dd $Mdocdate: January 14 2019 $ .Dt URTWN 4 .Os .Sh NAME .Nm urtwn .Nd Realtek RTL8188CU/RTL8188EU/RTL8192CU/RTL8192EU USB IEEE 802.11b/g/n wireless network device .Sh SYNOPSIS .Cd "urtwn* at uhub? port ?" .Sh DESCRIPTION The .Nm driver supports USB 2.0 wireless network devices based on Realtek RTL8188CU, RTL8188CE-VAU, RTL8188EU, RTL8188RU, RTL8192CU and RTL8192EU chipsets. .Pp The RTL8188CU and RTL8188EU are highly integrated 802.11n adapters that combine a MAC, a 1T1R capable baseband and an RF in a single chip. They operate in the 2GHz spectrum only. The RTL8188RU is a high-power variant of the RTL8188CU. The RTL8188CE-VAU is a PCI Express Mini Card adapter that attaches to the USB interface. .Pp The RTL8192CU and RTL8192EU are highly integrated multiple-in, multiple-out (MIMO) 802.11n adapters that combine a MAC, a 2T2R capable baseband and an RF in a single chip. They operate in the 2GHz spectrum only. .Pp These are the modes the .Nm driver can operate in: .Bl -tag -width "IBSS-masterXX" .It BSS mode Also known as .Em infrastructure mode, this is used when associating with an access point, through which all traffic passes. This mode is the default. .It monitor mode In this mode the driver is able to receive packets without associating with an access point. This disables the internal receive filter and enables the card to capture packets from networks which it wouldn't normally have access to, or to scan for access points. .El .Pp The .Nm driver can be configured to use Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) or Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA-PSK and WPA2-PSK). WPA is the current encryption standard for wireless networks. It is strongly recommended that WEP not be used as the sole mechanism to secure wireless communication, due to serious weaknesses in it. .Pp The .Nm driver can be configured at runtime with .Xr ifconfig 8 or on boot with .Xr hostname.if 5 . .Sh FILES The driver needs at least version 1.1p0 of the following firmware files, which are loaded when an interface is attached: .Pp .Bl -tag -width Ds -offset indent -compact .It Pa /etc/firmware/urtwn-rtl8192cfwT .It Pa /etc/firmware/urtwn-rtl8192cfwU .It Pa /etc/firmware/urtwn-rtl8192eu_nic .It Pa /etc/firmware/urtwn-rtl8723fw .It Pa /etc/firmware/urtwn-rtl8188eufw .El .Pp A prepackaged version of the firmware can be installed using .Xr fw_update 1 . .Sh HARDWARE The following adapters should work: .Pp .Bl -tag -width Ds -offset indent -compact .It Airlink101 AWLL5088 .It Alfa AWUS036NHR .It Approx APPUSB300NANO V1 .It Aus. Linx AL-9604R1S .It B-Link BL-LW05-5R .It Belkin F7D1102 Surf Wireless Micro .It D-Link DWA-121 .It D-Link DWA-123 rev \&D1 .It D-Link DWA-125 rev \&D1 .It D-Link DWA-131 rev B, E1 .It D-Link DWA-133 .It D-Link DWA-135 .It Digitus DN-7042 .It Edimax EW-7811Un .It EDUP EP-N8508 .It Elecom WDC-150SU2M .It Full River FR-W100NUL .It Hercules Wireless N USB Pico HWNUp-150 .It IO-DATA WN-G150UM .It ISY IWL4000 USB Wireless Micro Adapter .It Netgear WNA1000A .It Netgear WNA1000M .It Netgear WNA1000Mv2 .It On Networks N300MA .It Patriot PCUSBW1150 .It Planex GW-USEco300 .It Planex GW-USNano2 .It Planex GW-USValue-EZ .It Planex GW-USWExtreme .It POWCHIP POW-N18 .It Prolink WN2201 .It Sitecom WL-365 .It Sitecom WLA-2100 v2 .It Solwise NET-WL-UMD-606N .It TP-LINK TL-WN722N v2 .It TP-LINK TL-WN723N v3 .It TP-LINK TL-WN725N v2 .It TP-LINK TL-WN821N v4 .It TP-LINK TL-WN821N v5 .It TRENDnet TEW-648UBM .El .Sh EXAMPLES The following example scans for available networks: .Pp .Dl # ifconfig urtwn0 scan .Pp The following .Xr hostname.if 5 example configures urtwn0 to join network .Dq mynwid , using WPA key .Dq mywpakey , obtaining an IP address using DHCP: .Bd -literal -offset indent nwid mynwid wpakey mywpakey dhcp .Ed .Sh DIAGNOSTICS .Bl -diag .It "urtwn0: error N, could not read firmware ..." For some reason, the driver was unable to read the microcode file from the filesystem. The file might be missing or corrupted. .It "urtwn0: device timeout" A frame dispatched to the hardware for transmission did not complete in time. The driver will reset the hardware. This should not happen. .El .Sh SEE ALSO .Xr arp 4 , .Xr ifmedia 4 , .Xr intro 4 , .Xr netintro 4 , .Xr usb 4 , .Xr hostname.if 5 , .Xr ifconfig 8 .Sh HISTORY The .Nm driver first appeared in .Ox 4.9 . .Sh AUTHORS The .Nm driver was written by .An Damien Bergamini Aq Mt damien.bergamini@free.fr . .Sh CAVEATS The .Nm driver does not support any of the 802.11n capabilities offered by the adapters. Additional work is required in .Xr ieee80211 9 before those features can be supported.