.\" $OpenBSD: wi.4tbl,v 1.91 2008/08/31 09:40:56 jsg Exp $ .\" .\" Copyright (c) 1997, 1998, 1999 .\" Bill Paul . All rights reserved. .\" .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without .\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions .\" are met: .\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. .\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the .\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. .\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software .\" must display the following acknowledgement: .\" This product includes software developed by Bill Paul. .\" 4. Neither the name of the author nor the names of any co-contributors .\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software .\" without specific prior written permission. .\" .\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY Bill Paul AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND .\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE .\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE .\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL Bill Paul OR THE VOICES IN HIS HEAD .\" BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR .\" CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF .\" SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS .\" INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN .\" CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) .\" ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF .\" THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. .\" .\" $FreeBSD: wi.4,v 1.3 1999/05/22 16:12:43 wpaul Exp $ .\" .Dd $Mdocdate: August 31 2008 $ .Dt WI 4 .Os .Sh NAME .Nm wi .Nd "WaveLAN/IEEE, PRISM 2-3, and Spectrum24 IEEE 802.11b wireless network device" .Sh SYNOPSIS .Cd "# all architectures" .Cd "wi* at pci?" .Cd "wi* at pcmcia? function ?" .Cd "wi* at uhub? port ?" .Pp .Cd "# macppc extra attachment" .Cd "wi* at macobio?" .Sh DESCRIPTION The .Nm driver provides support for wireless network adapters based around the Lucent Hermes, Intersil PRISM-2, Intersil PRISM-2.5, Intersil PRISM-3, and Symbol Spectrum24 chipsets. All five chipsets provide a similar interface to the driver. .Pp The .Nm driver encapsulates all IP and ARP traffic as 802.11 frames, though it can receive either 802.11 or 802.3 frames. Transmit speed is selectable between 1Mbps fixed, 2Mbps fixed, 2Mbps with auto fallback, 5.5Mbps, 8Mbps, or 11Mbps, depending on hardware. .Pp These are the modes the .Nm driver can operate in: .Bl -tag -width "IBSS-masterXX" .It BSS mode Also known as .Em infrastructure mode, this is used when associating with an access point, through which all traffic passes. This mode is the default. .It IBSS mode Also known as .Em IEEE ad-hoc mode or .Em peer-to-peer mode. This is the standardized method of operating without an access point. Stations associate with a service set. However, actual connections between stations are peer-to-peer as in ad-hoc mode. Cards with very old firmware revisions do not support this mode. .It IBSS master Also know as .Em Host IBSS mode. In this mode the station takes on part of the role of an access point, though traffic does not pass through it to reach the other stations. When a group of stations are operating in IBSS mode, one of them must be the master, specifying the network name of the service set. .It Host AP In this mode the driver acts as an access point (base station) for other cards. Only cards based on the Intersil chipsets support this mode. Furthermore, this mode is not supported on USB devices. .It ad-hoc mode More accurately known as .Em ad-hoc demo mode . This mode does not require an access point; the adapter communicates with other ad-hoc stations within range on a peer-to-peer basis. This mode is not specified by the IEEE 802.11 standard and there may be problems interoperating with adapters manufactured by different vendors. .El .Pp The .Nm driver can be configured to use both software and hardware Wireless Equivalent Privacy (WEP). It is strongly recommended that WEP not be used as the sole mechanism to secure wireless communication, due to serious weaknesses in it. .Pp The Lucent WaveLAN/IEEE Silver and Gold cards as well as the Intersil and Symbol cards have support for WEP encryption. The WaveLAN Gold as well as newer Intersil and Symbol cards support 104-bit keys, the others only accept 40-bit keys. The Lucent WaveLAN/IEEE Bronze cards do not support WEP at all. See also .Sx CAVEATS below. .Pp The .Nm driver can be configured at runtime with .Xr ifconfig 8 or on boot with .Xr hostname.if 5 . .Sh HARDWARE Cards supported by the .Nm driver come in a variety of packages, though the most common are of the PCMCIA type. In many cases, the PCI version of a wireless card is simply a PCMCIA card bundled with a PCI adapter. The PCI adapters come in two flavors: true PCMCIA bridges and dumb PCMCIA bridges. A true PCMCIA bridge (such as those sold by Lucent) will attach as a real PCMCIA controller. The wireless card will then attach to the PCMCIA bus. Wireless cards in PCMCIA slots may be inserted and ejected on the fly. A dumb bridge, on the other hand, does not show up as a true PCMCIA bus. The wireless card will simply appear to the host as a normal PCI device and will not require any PCMCIA support. Cards in this type of adapter should only be removed when the machine is powered down. .Pp The following cards are among those supported by the .Nm driver: .Pp .in +\n(dIu .TS tab (:) nokeep ; l l l _ _ _ l l l . Card:Chip:Bus 3Com AirConnect 3CRWE737A:Spectrum24:PCMCIA 3Com AirConnect 3CRWE777A:Prism-2:PCI Acer Warplink USB-400:Prism-3:USB Actiontec HWC01170:Prism-2.5:PCMCIA Actiontec HWU01170:Prism-3:USB Adaptec AWN-8030:Prism-2.5:PCMCIA Addtron AWA-100:Prism-2:PCI Addtron AWP-100:Prism-2:PCMCIA Agere ORiNOCO:Hermes:PCMCIA AirVast WM168b:Prism-3:USB AmbiCom WL1100C-CF:Prism-3:CF Ambit WLAN:Prism-3:USB Apacer Wireless Steno MB112:Prism-3:USB Apple Airport:Hermes:macobio ARtem Onair:Hermes:PCMCIA ASUS SpaceLink WL-100:Prism-2.5:PCMCIA ASUS SpaceLink WL-110:Prism-2.5:CF ASUS WL-140:Prism-3:USB Belkin F5D6020 (version 1 only):Prism-2:PCMCIA Belkin F5D6001 (version 1 only):Prism-2:PCI Belkin F5D6060 (version 1 only):Prism-2.5:CF Buffalo AirStation:Prism-2:PCMCIA Buffalo AirStation:Prism-2:CF Cabletron RoamAbout:Hermes:PCMCIA Compaq Agency NC5004:Prism-2:PCMCIA Compaq W100:Prism-3:USB Contec FLEXLAN/FX-DS110-PCC:Prism-2:PCMCIA Corega PCC-11:Prism-2:PCMCIA Corega PCCA-11:Prism-2:PCMCIA Corega PCCB-11:Prism-2:PCMCIA Corega CGWLPCIA11:Prism-2:PCI Corega WLUSB-11:Prism-3:USB Corega WLUSB-11 Key:Prism-3:USB D-Link DCF-660W:Prism-2:CF D-Link DWL-120 (rev F):Prism-3:USB D-Link DWL-122:Prism-3:USB D-Link DWL-520 (rev A and B only):Prism-2.5:PCI D-Link DWL-650 (rev A1-J3 only):Prism-2.5:PCMCIA ELSA XI300:Prism-2:PCMCIA ELSA XI325:Prism-2.5:PCMCIA ELSA XI325H:Prism-2.5:PCMCIA ELSA XI800:Prism-2:CF EMTAC A2424i:Prism-2:PCMCIA Ericsson Wireless LAN CARD C11:Spectrum24:PCMCIA Gemtek WL-311:Prism-2.5:PCMCIA Hawking Technology WE110P:Prism-2.5:PCMCIA I-O DATA WN-B11/PCM:Prism-2:PCMCIA I-O DATA WN-B11/USB:Prism-3:USB Intel PRO/Wireless 2011:Spectrum24:PCMCIA Intel PRO/Wireless 2011B:Prism-3:USB Intersil Prism II:Prism-2:PCMCIA Intersil Mini PCI:Prism-2.5:PCI Intersil ISL3872:Prism-3:PCI Intersil Prism 2X:Prism-3:USB JVC MP-XP7250:Prism-3:USB Linksys WCF12:Prism-3:CF Linksys Instant Wireless WPC11:Prism-2:PCMCIA Linksys Instant Wireless WPC11 2.5:Prism-2.5:PCMCIA Linksys Instant Wireless WPC11 3.0:Prism-3:PCMCIA Linksys WUSB11 v3.0:Prism-3:USB Linksys WUSB12:Prism-3:USB Longshine 8301:Prism-2:PCI Lucent WaveLAN:Hermes:PCMCIA Melco WLI-USB-KB11:Prism-3:USB Melco WLI-USB-KS11G:Prism-3:USB Melco WLI-USB-S11:Prism-3:USB Microsoft MN510:Prism-3:USB Microsoft MN520:Prism-2.5:PCMCIA NANOSPEED ROOT-RZ2000:Prism-2:PCMCIA NDC/Sohoware NCP130:Prism-2:PCI NEC CMZ-RT-WP:Prism-2:PCMCIA Netgear MA111 (version 1 only):Prism-3:USB Netgear MA311:Prism-2.5:PCI Netgear MA401:Prism-2:PCMCIA Netgear MA401RA:Prism-2.5:PCMCIA Netgear MA701:Prism-2.5:CF Nokia C020 Wireless LAN:Prism-I:PCMCIA Nokia C110/C111 Wireless LAN:Prism-2:PCMCIA Nortel E-mobility 211818-A:Spectrum24:PCI NTT-ME 11Mbps Wireless LAN:Prism-2:PCMCIA Pheenet WL-503IA:Prism-3:USB Planex GW-NS11H:Prism-3:PCMCIA Planex GW-US11H:Prism-3:USB Pretec Compact WLAN OC-WLBXX-A:Prism-2.5:CF Proxim Harmony:Prism-2:PCMCIA Proxim RangeLAN-DS:Prism-2:PCMCIA Samsung MagicLAN SWL-2000N:Prism-2:PCMCIA Samsung MagicLAN SWL-2210P:Prism-2:PCI Senao NL-2511CF:Prism-3:CF Senao NL-2511MP:Prism-2.5:PCI Siemens SpeedStream SS1021:Prism-2:PCMCIA Siemens SpeedStream SS1022:Prism-3:USB Sitecom WL-022:Prism-3:USB SMC 2632 EZ Connect:Prism-2:PCMCIA Symbol Spectrum24:Spectrum24:PCMCIA Symbol LA4123:Spectrum24:PCI Syntax USB-400:Prism-3:USB TDK LAK-CD011WL:Prism-2:PCMCIA US Robotics 1120:Prism-3:USB US Robotics 2410:Prism-2:PCMCIA US Robotics 2445:Prism-2:PCMCIA ViewSonic Airsync:Prism-2.5:USB Z-Com XI-725/726:Prism-2.5:USB Z-Com XI-735:Prism-3:USB ZyXEL ZyAIR B-200:Prism-3:USB .TE .in -\n(dIu .Pp Note that some of the PRISM-II adapters only work at 3.3V, hence .Xr cardbus 4 support is required for those cards to set VCC correctly, even though they are really 16-bit cards. .Pp USB support is still experimental and the device may stop functioning during normal use. Resetting the device by configuring the interface down and back up again will normally reactivate it. .Pp Several vendors sell PCI adapters built around the PLX Technology 9050 or 9052 chip. The following such adapters are supported or expected to work: .Pp .Bl -tag -width Ds -offset indent -compact .It 3Com AirConnect 3CRWE777A (3.3V) .It Addtron AWA-100 .It Belkin F5D6000 (a rebadged WL11000P) .It Eumitcom WL11000P .It Global Sun Technology GL24110P (untested) .It Global Sun Technology GL24110P02 .It Linksys WDT11 (a rebadged GL24110P02) .It Longshine 8031 .It Netgear MA301 .It Siemens/Efficient Networks SpeedStream 1023 .It US Robotics 2415 (rebadged WL11000P) .El .Sh EXAMPLES The following .Xr hostname.if 5 example configures wi0 to join whatever network is available on boot, using WEP key .Dq 0x1deadbeef1 , channel 11, obtaining an IP address using DHCP: .Bd -literal -offset indent dhcp NONE NONE NONE nwkey 0x1deadbeef1 chan 11 .Ed .Pp The following .Xr hostname.if 5 example creates a host-based access point on boot: .Bd -literal -offset indent inet 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 NONE media autoselect \e mediaopt hostap nwid my_net chan 11 .Ed .Pp Configure wi0 for WEP, using hex key .Dq 0x1deadbeef1 : .Bd -literal -offset indent # ifconfig wi0 nwkey 0x1deadbeef1 .Ed .Pp Return wi0 to its default settings: .Bd -literal -offset indent # ifconfig wi0 -chan media autoselect nwid "" \e -nwkey -powersave -txpower .Ed .Pp Join an existing BSS network, .Dq my_net : .Bd -literal -offset indent # ifconfig wi0 192.168.1.1 netmask 0xffffff00 nwid my_net .Ed .Sh DIAGNOSTICS .Bl -diag .It "wi%d: init failed" The WaveLAN card failed to come ready after an initialization command was issued. .It "wi%d: failed to allocate %d bytes on NIC" The driver was unable to allocate memory for transmit frames in the NIC's on-board RAM. .It "wi%d: device timeout" The WaveLAN failed to generate an interrupt to acknowledge a transmit command. .El .Sh SEE ALSO .Xr arp 4 , .Xr ifmedia 4 , .Xr intro 4 , .Xr netintro 4 , .Xr pci 4 , .Xr pcmcia 4 , .Xr usb 4 , .Xr hostname.if 5 , .Xr ifconfig 8 .Rs .%T HCF Light programming specification .Re .Sh HISTORY The .Nm device driver first appeared in .Fx 3.0 . .Ox support was added in .Ox 2.6 . .Sh AUTHORS .An -nosplit The .Nm driver was written by .An Bill Paul Aq wpaul@ctr.columbia.edu and ported to .Ox by .An Niklas Hallqvist Aq niklas@appli.se . .Sh CAVEATS The original Lucent WaveLAN cards usually default to channel 3; newer cards use channel 10 by default. Non-Lucent cards vary, for instance the Addtron cards use channel 11 by default. See .Xr ifconfig 8 for information on how to change the channel. .Pp Not all 3.3V .Nm PCMCIA cards work. .Pp IBSS creation does not currently work with Symbol cards. .Pp The host-based access point mode on the Intersil PRISM cards has bugs when used with firmware versions prior to 0.8.3 and is completely unusable with firmware versions prior to 0.8.0 and 1.4.0-1.4.2. .Pp Software WEP is currently only supported in Host AP and BSS modes. Furthermore, software WEP is currently incapable of decrypting fragmented frames. Lucent-based cards using firmware 8.10 and above fragment encrypted frames sent at 11Mbps. To work around this, Lucent clients with this firmware revision connecting to a Host AP server should use a 2Mbps connection or upgrade their firmware to version 8.72. .Pp Host AP mode doesn't support WDS or power saving. Clients attempting to use power saving mode may experience significant packet loss (disabling power saving on the client will fix this). .Pp Support for USB devices is buggy. Host AP mode and AP scanning are not currently supported with USB devices.