.\" $OpenBSD: nat.conf.5,v 1.23 2002/02/27 15:15:29 dhartmei Exp $ .\" .\" Copyright (c) 2001 Ian Darwin. All rights reserved. .\" .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without .\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions .\" are met: .\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. .\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the .\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. .\" 3. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products .\" derived from this software without specific prior written permission. .\" .\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR .\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES .\" OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. .\" IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, .\" INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT .\" NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, .\" DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY .\" THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT .\" (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF .\" THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. .\" .Dd June 26, 2001 .Dt NAT.CONF 5 .Os .Sh NAME .Nm nat.conf .Nd network address translation configuration file for packet filtering .Sh DESCRIPTION The rules file for network address translation specify which addresses are to be mapped and which are to be redirected. .Pp A .Em nat rule specifies that IP addresses are to be changed as the packet traverses the given interface. This technique of network address translation (NAT) allows a single IP address on the translating host to support network traffic for a larger range of machines on an inside network. Although in theory any IP address can be used on the inside, it is strongly recommended that one of the address ranges defined by RFC 1918 be used. These netblocks are: .Bd -literal 10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255 (all of net 10, i.e., 10/8) 172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255 (i.e., 172.16/12) 192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255 (i.e., 192.168/16) .Ed .Pp A .Em binat rule specifies a bidirectional map between an external IP address and an an internal IP address. .Pp An .Em rdr rule specifies an incoming connection to be redirected to another host and optionally a different port. .Pp Note that all translation rules apply only to packets that pass through the specified interface. For instance, redirecting port 80 on an external interface to an internal web server will only work for connections originating from the outside. Connections to the address of the external interface from local hosts will not be redirected, since such packets do not actually pass through the external interface. Redirections can't reflect packets back through the interface they arrive on, they can only be redirected to hosts connected to different interfaces or to the firewall itself. .Pp Also note that all translations of packets occur before the filter rules in .Xr pf.conf 5 are evaluated. Hence, 'pass in' rules for redirected packets should specify the address/port after translation. .Sh GRAMMAR Syntax for filter rules in BNF: .Bd -literal rule = [ "no" ] ( nat_rule | binat_rule | rdr_rule ) . nat_rule = "nat" "on" [ "!" ] ifname [ protospec ] "from" ipspec "to" ipspec [ "->" address ] . binat_rule = "binat" "on" ifname [ protospec ] "from" address "to" ipspec [ "->" address ] . rdr_rule = "rdr" "on" [ "!" ] ifname [ protospec ] "from" ipspec "to" ipspec [ portspec ] [ "->" address [ portspec ] ] . protospec = "proto" ( number | "tcp" | "udp" | "icmp" ) . ipspec = "any" | host . host = [ "!" ] address [ "/" mask-bits ] . portspec = "port" ( number | name ) [ ":" ( "*" | number | name ) ] . .Ed .Pp Comments begin with the character `#'; empty lines are ignored. Rules are processed in the order read, one rule per line. The first matching rule is applied. Rules prefixed with "no" lead to no translation. Such rules can be used to exclude certain connections from being translated. .Pp An .Em ifname is a network interface such as fxp4, ne0, or ep1. .Em address can be specified in CIDR notation (matching a netblock), as symbolic host name or interface name. Host name resolution and interface to address translation are done at rule set load-time. When the address of an interface (or host name) changes (by DHCP or PPP, for instance), the rule set must be reloaded for the change to be reflected in the kernel. See .Xr dhclient-script 8 or .Xr ppp 8 for information on how to automate this task. If specified, .Em mask-bits refers to the number of bits in the netmask. The negation character, .Sq ! , may be used before an .Em ifname or an .Em address . The protocol specification is optional. If it is omitted, the rule applies to packets of all protocols. .Pp .Em rdr rules can optionally specify port ranges instead of single ports. \'rdr ... port 2000:2999 -> ... port 4000\' redirects ports 2000 to 2999 (including port 2000 and 2999) to the same port 4000. \'rdr ... port 2000:2999 -> ... port 4000:*\' redirects port 2000 to 4000, 2001 to 4001, ..., 2999 to 4999. .Sh EXAMPLES This example maps incoming requests on port 80 to port 8080, on which Apache Tomcat is running (say Tomcat is not run as root, therefore lacks permission to bind to port 80). .Bd -literal # map tomcat on 8080 to appear to be on 80 rdr on ne3 proto tcp from any to any port 80 -> 127.0.0.1 port 8080 .Ed .Pp In the example below, vlan12 is configured for the 192.168.168.1; the machine translates all packets coming from 192.168.168.0/24 to 204.92.77.111 when they are going out any interface except vlan12. This has the net effect of making traffic from the 192.168.168.0/24 network appear as though it is the Internet routeable address 204.92.77.111 to nodes behind any interface on the router except for the nodes on vlan12. (Thus, 192.168.168.1 can talk to the 192.168.168.0/24 nodes.) .Bd -literal nat on ! vlan12 from 192.168.168.0/24 to any -> 204.92.77.111 .Ed .Pp In the example below, fxp1 is the outside interface; the machine sits between a fake internal 144.19.74.* network, and a routable external IP of 204.92.77.100. The "no nat" rule excludes protocol AH from being translated. .Bd -literal no nat on fxp1 proto ah from 144.19.74.0/24 to any nat on fxp1 from 144.19.74.0/24 to any -> 204.92.77.100 .Ed .Pp In the example below, fxp0 is the outside interface; a 1:1 bidirectional map is created between the private address 192.168.1.5 and the routable external address 204.92.77.113. (Thus, incoming traffic to 204.92.77.113 is mapped to the internal address 192.168.1.5.) .Bd -literal binat on fxp0 from 192.168.1.5 to any -> 204.92.77.113 .Ed .Pp This longer example uses both a NAT and a redirection. Interface kue0 is the outside interface, and its external address is 157.161.48.183. Interface fxp0 is the inside interface, and we are running .Xr ftp-proxy 8 listening for outbound ftp sessions captured to port 8081. .Bd -literal # NAT # translate outgoing packets' source addresses (any protocol) # in my case, any address but the gateway's external address is mapped # nat on kue0 from ! 157.161.48.183 to any -> 157.161.48.183 # BINAT # translate outgoing packets' source address (any protocol) # translate incoming packets' destination address to an internal machine # (bidirectional) binat on kue0 from 10.1.2.150 to any -> 157.161.48.184 # RDR # translate incoming packets' destination addresses # as an example, redirect a TCP and UDP port to an internal machine # NOTE: the lines below are split for readability # rdr on kue0 proto tcp from any to 157.161.48.183/32 port 8080 \e -> 10.1.2.151 port 22 rdr on kue0 proto udp from any to 157.161.48.183/32 port 8080 \e -> 10.1.2.151 port 53 # RDR # translate outgoing ftp control connections to send them to localhost # for proxying with ftp-proxy(8) running on port 8081 rdr on fxp0 proto tcp from any to any port 21 -> 127.0.0.1 port 8081 .Ed .Sh FILES .Bl -tag -width "/etc/nat.conf" -compact .It Pa /etc/hosts .It Pa /etc/nat.conf .It Pa /etc/protocols .It Pa /etc/services .El .Sh SEE ALSO .Xr pf 4 , .Xr hosts 5 , .Xr pf.conf 5 , .Xr protocols 5 , .Xr services 5 , .Xr ftp-proxy 8 , .Xr pfctl 8 .Sh HISTORY The .Nm file format appeared in .Ox 3.0 .