.\"     $OpenBSD: file.9,v 1.20 2019/07/15 04:20:38 visa Exp $
.\"
.\" Copyright (c) 2002 Artur Grabowski <art@openbsd.org>
.\" All rights reserved.
.\"
.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
.\" are met:
.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
.\" 2. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products
.\"    derived from this software without specific prior written permission
.\"
.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
.\" OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
.\" IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
.\" INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
.\" NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
.\" DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
.\" THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
.\" (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
.\" THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
.\"
.Dd $Mdocdate: July 15 2019 $
.Dt FALLOC 9
.Os
.Sh NAME
.Nm falloc ,
.Nm fdrelease ,
.Nm FREF ,
.Nm FRELE ,
.Nm fd_getfile ,
.Nm getsock ,
.Nm getvnode
.Nd an overview of file descriptor handling
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.In sys/file.h
.In sys/filedesc.h
.Ft int
.Fn falloc "struct proc *p" "int flags" "struct file **resultfp" "int *resultfd"
.Ft int
.Fn fdrelease "struct proc *p" "int fd"
.Ft void
.Fn FREF "struct file *fp"
.Ft int
.Fn FRELE "struct file *fp" "struct proc *p"
.Ft struct file *
.Fn fd_getfile "struct filedesc *fdp" "int fd"
.Ft int
.Fn getsock "struct proc *p" "int fd" "struct file **fpp"
.In sys/file.h
.In sys/filedesc.h
.In sys/vnode.h
.Ft int
.Fn getvnode "struct proc *p" "int fd" "struct file **fpp"
.Sh DESCRIPTION
These functions provide the interface for the UNIX file descriptors.
File descriptors can be used to access vnodes (see
.Xr vnode 9 ) ,
sockets (see
.Xr socket 2 ) ,
pipes (see
.Xr pipe 2 ) ,
kqueues (see
.Xr kqueue 2 ) ,
and various special purpose communication endpoints.
.Pp
A new file and a file descriptor for it are allocated with the function
.Fn falloc .
The
.Fa flags
argument can be used to set the
.Dv UF_EXCLOSE
flag on the new descriptor.
The larval file and fd are returned via
.Fa resultfp
and
.Fa resultfd ,
which must not be
.Dv NULL .
.Fn falloc
initializes the new file to have a reference count of two:
one for the reference from the file descriptor table and one
for the caller to release with
.Fn FRELE
when it's done initializing it.
.Pp
A file descriptor is freed with
.Fn fdrelease .
This releases the reference that it holds to the underlying file;
if that's the last reference then the file will be freed.
.\" with
.\" .Xr closef 9 .
The file descriptor table has to be locked on entry.
.Fn fdrelease
unlocks the table on return.
.Pp
The files are extracted from the file descriptor table using the
function
.Fn fd_getfile .
.Fn fd_getfile
performs all necessary checks to see if the file descriptor number is
within the range of file descriptor table, and if the descriptor is
valid.
It also increases the descriptor's use count with
.Fn FREF .
.Pp
The files are extracted from the process context using the
function
.Fn getsock
and
.Fn getvnode .
These functions are special cases that besides doing
.Fn fd_getfile
also check if the descriptor is a socket or a vnode respectively,
and return the proper errno on error.
.Sh CONCURRENT ACCESS
Since multiple processes can share the same file descriptor table,
it's important that the file is not freed in one process while some
other process is still accessing it.
To solve that problem a special use count is kept with the functions
.Fn FREF
and
.Fn FRELE .
The function
.Fn FREF
increases the use count of a file descriptor.
The function
.Fn FRELE
decreases the use count, and releases the file descriptor if the use count
becomes zero.
.Sh CODE REFERENCES
The majority of those functions are implemented in
.Pa sys/kern/kern_descrip.c .
The function prototypes and the macros are located in
.Pa sys/sys/file.h
and
.Pa sys/sys/filedesc.h .
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr vnode 9