.\"	$OpenBSD: sleep.9,v 1.5 2005/09/06 22:17:28 jmc Exp $
.\"	$NetBSD: sleep.9,v 1.11 1999/03/24 06:15:12 mycroft Exp $
.\"
.\" Copyright (c) 1996 The NetBSD Foundation, Inc.
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.\"
.\" This code is derived from software contributed to The NetBSD Foundation
.\" by Paul Kranenburg.
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.Dd June 23, 1996
.Dt SLEEP 9
.Os
.Sh NAME
.Nm sleep ,
.Nm tsleep ,
.Nm wakeup
.Nd process context sleep and wakeup
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.Fd #include <sys/param.h>
.Fd #include <sys/proc.h>
.Ft int
.Fn "tsleep" "void *ident" "int priority" "const char *wmesg" "int timo"
.Ft void
.Fn "sleep" "void *ident" "int priority"
.Ft void
.Fn "wakeup" "void *ident"
.Sh DESCRIPTION
These functions implement voluntary context switching.
.Fn tsleep
and
.Fn sleep
are used throughout the kernel whenever processing in the current context
can not continue for any of the following reasons:
.Bl -bullet -offset indent
.It
The current process needs to await the results of a pending I/O operation.
.It
The current process needs resources
.Pq e.g., memory
which are temporarily unavailable.
.It
The current process wants access to data structures which are locked by
other processes.
.El
.Pp
The function
.Fn wakeup
is used to notify sleeping processes of possible changes to the condition
that caused them to go to sleep.
Typically, an awakened process will -- after it has acquired a context
again -- retry the action that blocked its operation to see if the
.Dq blocking
condition has cleared.
.Pp
The
.Va bpendsleep
label can be used as a break-point to debug a process coming back from
.Fn tsleep .
.Pp
The
.Fn tsleep
function takes the following arguments:
.Bl -tag -width priority
.It Fa ident
An identifier of the
.Dq wait channel
representing the resource for which the current process needs to wait.
This typically is the virtual address of some kernel data structure related
to the resource for which the process is contending.
The same identifier must be used in a call to
.Fn wakeup
to get the process going again.
.Fa ident
should not be
.Dv NULL .
.It Fa priority
The process priority to be used when the process is awakened and put on
the queue of runnable processes.
This mechanism is used to optimize
.Dq throughput
of processes executing in kernel mode.
If the flag
.Dv PCATCH
is OR'ed into
.Fa priority
the process checks for posted signals before and after sleeping.
.It Fa wmesg
A pointer to a character string indicating the reason a process is sleeping.
The kernel does not use the string, but makes it available
.Pq through the process structure field Li p_wmesg
for user level utilities such as
.Xr ps 1 .
.It Fa timo
If non-zero, the process will sleep for at most
.Li timo/hz
seconds.
If this amount of time elapses and no
.Fn wakeup "ident"
has occurred, and no signal
.Pq if Dv PCATCH No was set
was posted,
.Fn tsleep
will return
.Er EWOULDBLOCK .
.El
.Pp
The
.Fn sleep
function puts the process in an uninterruptible sleep.
It is functionally equivalent to:
.Bd -literal -offset indent
tsleep(ident, priority & PRIMASK, 0, 0)
.Ed
.Pp
The
.Fn wakeup
function will mark all processes which are currently sleeping on the identifier
.Fa ident
as runnable.
Eventually, each of the processes will resume execution in the kernel
context, causing a return from
.Fn [t]sleep .
Note that processes returning from sleep should always re-evaluate the
conditions that blocked them, since a call to
.Fn wakeup
merely signals a
.Em possible
change to the blocking conditions.
For example, when two or more processes are waiting for an exclusive lock,
only one of them will succeed in acquiring the lock when it is released.
All others will have to go back to sleep and wait for the next opportunity.
.Sh RETURN VALUES
.Fn tsleep
returns 0 if it returns as a result of a
.Fn wakeup .
If a
.Fn tsleep
returns as a result of a signal, the return value is
.Er ERESTART
if the signal has the
.Dv SA_RESTART
property
.Pq see Xr sigaction 2 ,
and
.Er EINTR
otherwise.
If
.Fn tsleep
returns as a result of a timeout, the return value is
.Er EWOULDBLOCK .
.Sh CODE REFERENCES
These functions are implemented in the file
.Pa sys/kern/kern_synch.c .
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr hz 9 ,
.Xr mi_switch 9 ,
.Xr timeout 9