# $OpenBSD: antarctica,v 1.8 2001/02/03 08:25:17 niklas Exp $ # @(#)antarctica 7.18 # From Paul Eggert (1999-11-15): # To keep things manageable, we list only locations occupied year-round; see # # COMNAP - Stations and Bases # # and # # Summary of the Peri-Antarctic Islands (1998-07-23) # # for information. # Unless otherwise specified, we have no time zone information. # # Except for the French entries, # I made up all time zone abbreviations mentioned here; corrections welcome! # FORMAT is `___' and GMTOFF is 0 for locations while uninhabited. # These rules are stolen from the `southamerica' file. # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule ArgAQ 1964 1966 - Mar 1 0:00 0 - Rule ArgAQ 1964 1966 - Oct 15 0:00 1:00 S Rule ArgAQ 1967 only - Apr 1 0:00 0 - Rule ArgAQ 1967 1968 - Oct Sun<=7 0:00 1:00 S Rule ArgAQ 1968 1969 - Apr Sun<=7 0:00 0 - Rule ArgAQ 1974 only - Jan 23 0:00 1:00 S Rule ArgAQ 1974 only - May 1 0:00 0 - Rule ArgAQ 1974 1976 - Oct Sun<=7 0:00 1:00 S Rule ArgAQ 1975 1977 - Apr Sun<=7 0:00 0 - Rule ChileAQ 1969 1997 - Oct Sun>=9 0:00 1:00 S Rule ChileAQ 1970 1998 - Mar Sun>=9 0:00 0 - Rule ChileAQ 1998 only - Sep 27 0:00 1:00 S Rule ChileAQ 1999 only - Apr 4 0:00 0 - Rule ChileAQ 1999 max - Oct Sun>=9 0:00 1:00 S Rule ChileAQ 2000 max - Mar Sun>=9 0:00 0 - # Argentina - year-round bases # Belgrano II, Confin Coast, -770227-0343737, since 1972-02-05 # Esperanza, San Martin Land, -6323-05659, since 1952-12-17 # Jubany, Potter Peninsula, King George Island, -6414-0602320, since 1982-01 # Marambio, Seymour I, -6414-05637, since 1969-10-29 # Orcadas, Laurie I, -6016-04444, since 1904-02-22 # San Martin, Debenham I, -6807-06708, since 1951-03-21 # (except 1960-03 / 1976-03-21) # Australia - territories # Heard Island, McDonald Islands (uninhabited) # previously sealers and scientific personnel wintered # # Margaret Turner reports # (1999-09-30) that they're UTC+5, with no DST; # presumably this is when they have visitors. # # year-round bases # Casey, Bailey Peninsula, -6617+11032, since 1969 # Davis, Vestfold Hills, -6835+07759, since 1957-01-13 # (except 1964-11 - 1969-02) # Mawson, Holme Bay, -6736+06253, since 1954-02-13 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Antarctica/Casey 0 - ___ 1969 8:00 - WST # Western (Aus) Standard Time Zone Antarctica/Davis 0 - ___ 1957 Jan 13 7:00 - DAVT 1964 Nov # Davis Time 0 - ___ 1969 Feb 7:00 - DAVT Zone Antarctica/Mawson 0 - ___ 1954 Feb 13 6:00 - MAWT # Mawson Time # References: # # Casey Weather (1998-02-26) # # # Davis Station, Antarctica (1998-02-26) # # # Mawson Station, Antarctica (1998-02-25) # # Brazil - year-round base # Ferraz, King George Island, since 1983/4 # Chile - year-round bases # Escudero, South Shetland Is, -621157-0585735, since 1994 # Frei, King George Is, -6214-05848, since 1969 # O'Higgins, Antarctic Peninsula, -6319-05704, since 1948-02 # Prat, -6230-05941 # China - year-round bases # Great Wall, King George Island, since 1985-02-20 # Zhongshan, Larsemann Hills, Prydz Bay, since 1989-02-26 # France - year-round bases # # From Antoine Leca (1997-01-20): # Time data are from Nicole Pailleau at the IFRTP # (French Institute for Polar Research and Technology). # She confirms that French Southern Territories and Terre Adelie bases # don't observe daylight saving time, even if Terre Adelie supplies came # from Tasmania. # # French Southern Territories with year-round inhabitants # # Martin-de-Vivies Base, Amsterdam Island, -374105+0773155, since 1950 # Alfred-Faure Base, Crozet Islands, -462551+0515152, since 1964 # Port-aux-Francais, Kerguelen Islands, -492110+0701303, since 1951; # whaling & sealing station operated 1908/1914, 1920/1929, and 1951/1956 # # St Paul Island - near Amsterdam, uninhabited # fishing stations operated variously 1819/1931 # # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Indian/Kerguelen 0 - ___ 1950 # Port-aux-Francais 5:00 - TFT # ISO code TF Time # # year-round base in the main continent # Dumont-d'Urville, Ile des Petrels, -6640+14001, since 1956-11 # # Another base at Port-Martin, 50km east, began operation in 1947. # It was destroyed by fire on 1952-01-14. # # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Antarctica/DumontDUrville 0 - ___ 1947 10:00 - PMT 1952 Jan 14 # Port-Martin Time 0 - ___ 1956 Nov 10:00 - DDUT # Dumont-d'Urville Time # Reference: # # Support and Development of Polar Research and Technology (1997-02-03) # # Germany - year-round base # Georg von Neumayer # India - year-round base # Dakshin Gangotri # Japan - year-round bases # Dome Fuji # Syowa # # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1999-02-06): # In all Japanese stations, +0300 is used as the standard time. [See] # [reference in Japanese] # and information from KAMO Hiroyasu . # # Syowa station, which is the first antarctic station of Japan, # was established on 1957-01-29. Since Syowa station is still the main # station of Japan, it's appropriate for the principal location. # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Antarctica/Syowa 0 - ___ 1957 Jan 29 3:00 - SYOT # Syowa Time # See: # # NIPR Antarctic Research Activities (1999-08-17) # # S Korea - year-round base # King Sejong, King George Island, since 1988 # New Zealand - claims # Balleny Islands (never inhabited) # Scott Island (never inhabited) # # year-round base # Scott, Ross Island, since 1957-01, is like Antarctica/McMurdo. # # These rules for New Zealand are stolen from the `australasia' file. # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule NZAQ 1974 only - Nov 3 2:00s 1:00 D Rule NZAQ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D Rule NZAQ 1989 only - Oct 8 2:00s 1:00 D Rule NZAQ 1990 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D Rule NZAQ 1975 only - Feb 23 2:00s 0 S Rule NZAQ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S Rule NZAQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S # Norway - territories # Bouvet (never inhabited) # # claims # Peter I Island (never inhabited) # Poland - year-round base # Arctowski, King George Island, -620945-0582745, since 1977 # Russia - year-round bases # Bellingshausen, King George Island, -621159-0585337, since 1968-02-22 # Mirny, Davis coast, -6633+09301, since 1956-02 # Molodezhnaya # Novolazarevskaya # Vostok # S Africa - year-round bases # Marion Island # Sanae # UK # # British Antarctic Territories (BAT) claims # South Orkney Islands # scientific station from 1903 # whaling station at Signy I 1920/1926 # South Shetland Islands # whaling station at Deception I 1912/1931 # scientific station from 1943; # previously sealers and a scientific expedition wintered by accident, # and a garrison was deployed briefly # # year-round bases # Bird Island, South Georgia, -5400-03803, since 1983 # Halley, Coates Land, -7535-2619, since 1956-01-06 # Rothera, Adelaide Island, -6734-6808, since 1976-12-01 # Uruguay - year round base # Artigas, King George Island, -621104-0585107 # USA - year-round bases # # Palmer, Anvers Island, since 1965 (moved 2 miles in 1968) # # From Ethan Dicks (1996-10-06): # It keeps the same time as Punta Arenas, Chile, because, just like us # and the South Pole, that's the other end of their supply line.... # I verified with someone who was there that since 1980, # Palmer has followed Chile. Prior to that, before the Falklands War, # Palmer used to be supplied from Argentina. # # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Antarctica/Palmer 0 - ___ 1965 -4:00 ArgAQ AR%sT 1969 Oct 5 -3:00 ArgAQ AR%sT 1982 May -4:00 ChileAQ CL%sT # # # McMurdo, Ross Island, since 1956 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Antarctica/McMurdo 0 - ___ 1956 12:00 NZAQ NZ%sT # # Amundsen-Scott, South Pole, since 1957-01-23 # From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03): # Normally it wouldn't have a separate entry, since it's like the # larger Antarctica/McMurdo since 1970, but it's too famous to omit. # # From Chris Carrier <72157.3334@CompuServe.COM> (1996-06-27): # Siple, the first commander of the South Pole station, # stated that he would have liked to have kept GMT at the station, # but that he found it more convenient to keep GMT+12 # as supplies for the station were coming from McMurdo Sound, # which was on GMT+12 because New Zealand was on GMT+12 all year # at that time (1957). (Source: Siple's book 90 degrees SOUTH.) # # From Susan Smith # http://www.cybertours.com/whs/pole10.html # (1995-11-13 16:24:56 +1300, no longer available): # We use the same time as McMurdo does. # And they use the same time as Christchurch, NZ does.... # One last quirk about South Pole time. # All the electric clocks are usually wrong. # Something about the generators running at 60.1hertz or something # makes all of the clocks run fast. So every couple of days, # we have to go around and set them back 5 minutes or so. # Maybe if we let them run fast all of the time, we'd get to leave here sooner!! # Link Antarctica/McMurdo Antarctica/South_Pole