/* $OpenBSD: kern_sched.c,v 1.58 2019/06/01 14:11:17 mpi Exp $ */ /* * Copyright (c) 2007, 2008 Artur Grabowski * * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any * purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above * copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies. * * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES * WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF * MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR * ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES * WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN * ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF * OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE. */ #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include void sched_kthreads_create(void *); int sched_proc_to_cpu_cost(struct cpu_info *ci, struct proc *p); struct proc *sched_steal_proc(struct cpu_info *); /* * To help choosing which cpu should run which process we keep track * of cpus which are currently idle and which cpus have processes * queued. */ struct cpuset sched_idle_cpus; struct cpuset sched_queued_cpus; struct cpuset sched_all_cpus; /* * Some general scheduler counters. */ uint64_t sched_nmigrations; /* Cpu migration counter */ uint64_t sched_nomigrations; /* Cpu no migration counter */ uint64_t sched_noidle; /* Times we didn't pick the idle task */ uint64_t sched_stolen; /* Times we stole proc from other cpus */ uint64_t sched_choose; /* Times we chose a cpu */ uint64_t sched_wasidle; /* Times we came out of idle */ #ifdef MULTIPROCESSOR struct taskq *sbartq; #endif int sched_smt; /* * A few notes about cpu_switchto that is implemented in MD code. * * cpu_switchto takes two arguments, the old proc and the proc * it should switch to. The new proc will never be NULL, so we always have * a saved state that we need to switch to. The old proc however can * be NULL if the process is exiting. NULL for the old proc simply * means "don't bother saving old state". * * cpu_switchto is supposed to atomically load the new state of the process * including the pcb, pmap and setting curproc, the p_cpu pointer in the * proc and p_stat to SONPROC. Atomically with respect to interrupts, other * cpus in the system must not depend on this state being consistent. * Therefore no locking is necessary in cpu_switchto other than blocking * interrupts during the context switch. */ /* * sched_init_cpu is called from main() for the boot cpu, then it's the * responsibility of the MD code to call it for all other cpus. */ void sched_init_cpu(struct cpu_info *ci) { struct schedstate_percpu *spc = &ci->ci_schedstate; int i; for (i = 0; i < SCHED_NQS; i++) TAILQ_INIT(&spc->spc_qs[i]); spc->spc_idleproc = NULL; kthread_create_deferred(sched_kthreads_create, ci); LIST_INIT(&spc->spc_deadproc); SIMPLEQ_INIT(&spc->spc_deferred); /* * Slight hack here until the cpuset code handles cpu_info * structures. */ cpuset_init_cpu(ci); #ifdef __HAVE_CPU_TOPOLOGY if (!sched_smt && ci->ci_smt_id > 0) return; #endif cpuset_add(&sched_all_cpus, ci); } void sched_kthreads_create(void *v) { struct cpu_info *ci = v; struct schedstate_percpu *spc = &ci->ci_schedstate; static int num; if (fork1(&proc0, FORK_SHAREVM|FORK_SHAREFILES|FORK_NOZOMBIE| FORK_SYSTEM|FORK_SIGHAND|FORK_IDLE, sched_idle, ci, NULL, &spc->spc_idleproc)) panic("fork idle"); /* Name it as specified. */ snprintf(spc->spc_idleproc->p_p->ps_comm, sizeof(spc->spc_idleproc->p_p->ps_comm), "idle%d", num); num++; } void sched_idle(void *v) { struct schedstate_percpu *spc; struct proc *p = curproc; struct cpu_info *ci = v; int s; KERNEL_UNLOCK(); spc = &ci->ci_schedstate; /* * First time we enter here, we're not supposed to idle, * just go away for a while. */ SCHED_LOCK(s); cpuset_add(&sched_idle_cpus, ci); p->p_stat = SSLEEP; p->p_cpu = ci; atomic_setbits_int(&p->p_flag, P_CPUPEG); mi_switch(); cpuset_del(&sched_idle_cpus, ci); SCHED_UNLOCK(s); KASSERT(ci == curcpu()); KASSERT(curproc == spc->spc_idleproc); while (1) { while (!cpu_is_idle(curcpu())) { struct proc *dead; SCHED_LOCK(s); p->p_stat = SSLEEP; mi_switch(); SCHED_UNLOCK(s); while ((dead = LIST_FIRST(&spc->spc_deadproc))) { LIST_REMOVE(dead, p_hash); exit2(dead); } } splassert(IPL_NONE); smr_idle(); cpuset_add(&sched_idle_cpus, ci); cpu_idle_enter(); while (spc->spc_whichqs == 0) { #ifdef MULTIPROCESSOR if (spc->spc_schedflags & SPCF_SHOULDHALT && (spc->spc_schedflags & SPCF_HALTED) == 0) { cpuset_del(&sched_idle_cpus, ci); SCHED_LOCK(s); atomic_setbits_int(&spc->spc_schedflags, spc->spc_whichqs ? 0 : SPCF_HALTED); SCHED_UNLOCK(s); wakeup(spc); } #endif cpu_idle_cycle(); } cpu_idle_leave(); cpuset_del(&sched_idle_cpus, ci); } } /* * To free our address space we have to jump through a few hoops. * The freeing is done by the reaper, but until we have one reaper * per cpu, we have no way of putting this proc on the deadproc list * and waking up the reaper without risking having our address space and * stack torn from under us before we manage to switch to another proc. * Therefore we have a per-cpu list of dead processes where we put this * proc and have idle clean up that list and move it to the reaper list. * All this will be unnecessary once we can bind the reaper this cpu * and not risk having it switch to another in case it sleeps. */ void sched_exit(struct proc *p) { struct schedstate_percpu *spc = &curcpu()->ci_schedstate; struct timespec ts; struct proc *idle; int s; nanouptime(&ts); timespecsub(&ts, &spc->spc_runtime, &ts); timespecadd(&p->p_rtime, &ts, &p->p_rtime); LIST_INSERT_HEAD(&spc->spc_deadproc, p, p_hash); #ifdef MULTIPROCESSOR /* This process no longer needs to hold the kernel lock. */ KERNEL_ASSERT_LOCKED(); __mp_release_all(&kernel_lock); #endif SCHED_LOCK(s); idle = spc->spc_idleproc; idle->p_stat = SRUN; cpu_switchto(NULL, idle); panic("cpu_switchto returned"); } /* * Run queue management. */ void sched_init_runqueues(void) { } void setrunqueue(struct proc *p) { struct schedstate_percpu *spc; int queue = p->p_priority >> 2; SCHED_ASSERT_LOCKED(); spc = &p->p_cpu->ci_schedstate; spc->spc_nrun++; TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&spc->spc_qs[queue], p, p_runq); spc->spc_whichqs |= (1 << queue); cpuset_add(&sched_queued_cpus, p->p_cpu); if (cpuset_isset(&sched_idle_cpus, p->p_cpu)) cpu_unidle(p->p_cpu); } void remrunqueue(struct proc *p) { struct schedstate_percpu *spc; int queue = p->p_priority >> 2; SCHED_ASSERT_LOCKED(); spc = &p->p_cpu->ci_schedstate; spc->spc_nrun--; TAILQ_REMOVE(&spc->spc_qs[queue], p, p_runq); if (TAILQ_EMPTY(&spc->spc_qs[queue])) { spc->spc_whichqs &= ~(1 << queue); if (spc->spc_whichqs == 0) cpuset_del(&sched_queued_cpus, p->p_cpu); } } struct proc * sched_chooseproc(void) { struct schedstate_percpu *spc = &curcpu()->ci_schedstate; struct proc *p; int queue; SCHED_ASSERT_LOCKED(); #ifdef MULTIPROCESSOR if (spc->spc_schedflags & SPCF_SHOULDHALT) { if (spc->spc_whichqs) { for (queue = 0; queue < SCHED_NQS; queue++) { while ((p = TAILQ_FIRST(&spc->spc_qs[queue]))) { remrunqueue(p); p->p_cpu = sched_choosecpu(p); setrunqueue(p); if (p->p_cpu == curcpu()) { KASSERT(p->p_flag & P_CPUPEG); goto again; } } } } p = spc->spc_idleproc; KASSERT(p); KASSERT(p->p_wchan == NULL); p->p_stat = SRUN; return (p); } #endif again: if (spc->spc_whichqs) { queue = ffs(spc->spc_whichqs) - 1; p = TAILQ_FIRST(&spc->spc_qs[queue]); remrunqueue(p); sched_noidle++; KASSERT(p->p_stat == SRUN); } else if ((p = sched_steal_proc(curcpu())) == NULL) { p = spc->spc_idleproc; if (p == NULL) { int s; /* * We get here if someone decides to switch during * boot before forking kthreads, bleh. * This is kind of like a stupid idle loop. */ #ifdef MULTIPROCESSOR __mp_unlock(&sched_lock); #endif spl0(); delay(10); SCHED_LOCK(s); goto again; } KASSERT(p); p->p_stat = SRUN; } KASSERT(p->p_wchan == NULL); return (p); } struct cpu_info * sched_choosecpu_fork(struct proc *parent, int flags) { #ifdef MULTIPROCESSOR struct cpu_info *choice = NULL; fixpt_t load, best_load = ~0; int run, best_run = INT_MAX; struct cpu_info *ci; struct cpuset set; #if 0 /* * XXX * Don't do this until we have a painless way to move the cpu in exec. * Preferably when nuking the old pmap and getting a new one on a * new cpu. */ /* * PPWAIT forks are simple. We know that the parent will not * run until we exec and choose another cpu, so we just steal its * cpu. */ if (flags & FORK_PPWAIT) return (parent->p_cpu); #endif /* * Look at all cpus that are currently idle and have nothing queued. * If there are none, pick the one with least queued procs first, * then the one with lowest load average. */ cpuset_complement(&set, &sched_queued_cpus, &sched_idle_cpus); cpuset_intersection(&set, &set, &sched_all_cpus); if (cpuset_first(&set) == NULL) cpuset_copy(&set, &sched_all_cpus); while ((ci = cpuset_first(&set)) != NULL) { cpuset_del(&set, ci); load = ci->ci_schedstate.spc_ldavg; run = ci->ci_schedstate.spc_nrun; if (choice == NULL || run < best_run || (run == best_run &&load < best_load)) { choice = ci; best_load = load; best_run = run; } } return (choice); #else return (curcpu()); #endif } struct cpu_info * sched_choosecpu(struct proc *p) { #ifdef MULTIPROCESSOR struct cpu_info *choice = NULL; int last_cost = INT_MAX; struct cpu_info *ci; struct cpuset set; /* * If pegged to a cpu, don't allow it to move. */ if (p->p_flag & P_CPUPEG) return (p->p_cpu); sched_choose++; /* * Look at all cpus that are currently idle and have nothing queued. * If there are none, pick the cheapest of those. * (idle + queued could mean that the cpu is handling an interrupt * at this moment and haven't had time to leave idle yet). */ cpuset_complement(&set, &sched_queued_cpus, &sched_idle_cpus); cpuset_intersection(&set, &set, &sched_all_cpus); /* * First, just check if our current cpu is in that set, if it is, * this is simple. * Also, our cpu might not be idle, but if it's the current cpu * and it has nothing else queued and we're curproc, take it. */ if (cpuset_isset(&set, p->p_cpu) || (p->p_cpu == curcpu() && p->p_cpu->ci_schedstate.spc_nrun == 0 && (p->p_cpu->ci_schedstate.spc_schedflags & SPCF_SHOULDHALT) == 0 && curproc == p)) { sched_wasidle++; return (p->p_cpu); } if (cpuset_first(&set) == NULL) cpuset_copy(&set, &sched_all_cpus); while ((ci = cpuset_first(&set)) != NULL) { int cost = sched_proc_to_cpu_cost(ci, p); if (choice == NULL || cost < last_cost) { choice = ci; last_cost = cost; } cpuset_del(&set, ci); } if (p->p_cpu != choice) sched_nmigrations++; else sched_nomigrations++; return (choice); #else return (curcpu()); #endif } /* * Attempt to steal a proc from some cpu. */ struct proc * sched_steal_proc(struct cpu_info *self) { struct proc *best = NULL; #ifdef MULTIPROCESSOR struct schedstate_percpu *spc; int bestcost = INT_MAX; struct cpu_info *ci; struct cpuset set; KASSERT((self->ci_schedstate.spc_schedflags & SPCF_SHOULDHALT) == 0); /* Don't steal if we don't want to schedule processes in this CPU. */ if (!cpuset_isset(&sched_all_cpus, self)) return (NULL); cpuset_copy(&set, &sched_queued_cpus); while ((ci = cpuset_first(&set)) != NULL) { struct proc *p; int queue; int cost; cpuset_del(&set, ci); spc = &ci->ci_schedstate; queue = ffs(spc->spc_whichqs) - 1; TAILQ_FOREACH(p, &spc->spc_qs[queue], p_runq) { if (p->p_flag & P_CPUPEG) continue; cost = sched_proc_to_cpu_cost(self, p); if (best == NULL || cost < bestcost) { best = p; bestcost = cost; } } } if (best == NULL) return (NULL); spc = &best->p_cpu->ci_schedstate; remrunqueue(best); best->p_cpu = self; sched_stolen++; #endif return (best); } #ifdef MULTIPROCESSOR /* * Base 2 logarithm of an int. returns 0 for 0 (yeye, I know). */ static int log2(unsigned int i) { int ret = 0; while (i >>= 1) ret++; return (ret); } /* * Calculate the cost of moving the proc to this cpu. * * What we want is some guesstimate of how much "performance" it will * cost us to move the proc here. Not just for caches and TLBs and NUMA * memory, but also for the proc itself. A highly loaded cpu might not * be the best candidate for this proc since it won't get run. * * Just total guesstimates for now. */ int sched_cost_load = 1; int sched_cost_priority = 1; int sched_cost_runnable = 3; int sched_cost_resident = 1; #endif int sched_proc_to_cpu_cost(struct cpu_info *ci, struct proc *p) { int cost = 0; #ifdef MULTIPROCESSOR struct schedstate_percpu *spc; int l2resident = 0; spc = &ci->ci_schedstate; /* * First, account for the priority of the proc we want to move. * More willing to move, the lower the priority of the destination * and the higher the priority of the proc. */ if (!cpuset_isset(&sched_idle_cpus, ci)) { cost += (p->p_priority - spc->spc_curpriority) * sched_cost_priority; cost += sched_cost_runnable; } if (cpuset_isset(&sched_queued_cpus, ci)) cost += spc->spc_nrun * sched_cost_runnable; /* * Try to avoid the primary cpu as it handles hardware interrupts. * * XXX Needs to be revisited when we distribute interrupts * over cpus. */ if (CPU_IS_PRIMARY(ci)) cost += sched_cost_runnable; /* * Higher load on the destination means we don't want to go there. */ cost += ((sched_cost_load * spc->spc_ldavg) >> FSHIFT); /* * If the proc is on this cpu already, lower the cost by how much * it has been running and an estimate of its footprint. */ if (p->p_cpu == ci && p->p_slptime == 0) { l2resident = log2(pmap_resident_count(p->p_vmspace->vm_map.pmap)); cost -= l2resident * sched_cost_resident; } #endif return (cost); } /* * Peg a proc to a cpu. */ void sched_peg_curproc(struct cpu_info *ci) { struct proc *p = curproc; int s; SCHED_LOCK(s); p->p_priority = p->p_usrpri; p->p_stat = SRUN; p->p_cpu = ci; atomic_setbits_int(&p->p_flag, P_CPUPEG); setrunqueue(p); p->p_ru.ru_nvcsw++; mi_switch(); SCHED_UNLOCK(s); } #ifdef MULTIPROCESSOR void sched_start_secondary_cpus(void) { CPU_INFO_ITERATOR cii; struct cpu_info *ci; CPU_INFO_FOREACH(cii, ci) { struct schedstate_percpu *spc = &ci->ci_schedstate; if (CPU_IS_PRIMARY(ci)) continue; atomic_clearbits_int(&spc->spc_schedflags, SPCF_SHOULDHALT | SPCF_HALTED); #ifdef __HAVE_CPU_TOPOLOGY if (!sched_smt && ci->ci_smt_id > 0) continue; #endif cpuset_add(&sched_all_cpus, ci); } } void sched_stop_secondary_cpus(void) { CPU_INFO_ITERATOR cii; struct cpu_info *ci; /* * Make sure we stop the secondary CPUs. */ CPU_INFO_FOREACH(cii, ci) { struct schedstate_percpu *spc = &ci->ci_schedstate; if (CPU_IS_PRIMARY(ci)) continue; cpuset_del(&sched_all_cpus, ci); atomic_setbits_int(&spc->spc_schedflags, SPCF_SHOULDHALT); } CPU_INFO_FOREACH(cii, ci) { struct schedstate_percpu *spc = &ci->ci_schedstate; struct sleep_state sls; if (CPU_IS_PRIMARY(ci)) continue; while ((spc->spc_schedflags & SPCF_HALTED) == 0) { sleep_setup(&sls, spc, PZERO, "schedstate"); sleep_finish(&sls, (spc->spc_schedflags & SPCF_HALTED) == 0); } } } struct sched_barrier_state { struct cpu_info *ci; struct cond cond; }; void sched_barrier_task(void *arg) { struct sched_barrier_state *sb = arg; struct cpu_info *ci = sb->ci; sched_peg_curproc(ci); cond_signal(&sb->cond); atomic_clearbits_int(&curproc->p_flag, P_CPUPEG); } void sched_barrier(struct cpu_info *ci) { struct sched_barrier_state sb; struct task task; CPU_INFO_ITERATOR cii; if (ci == NULL) { CPU_INFO_FOREACH(cii, ci) { if (CPU_IS_PRIMARY(ci)) break; } } KASSERT(ci != NULL); if (ci == curcpu()) return; sb.ci = ci; cond_init(&sb.cond); task_set(&task, sched_barrier_task, &sb); task_add(systqmp, &task); cond_wait(&sb.cond, "sbar"); } #else void sched_barrier(struct cpu_info *ci) { } #endif /* * Functions to manipulate cpu sets. */ struct cpu_info *cpuset_infos[MAXCPUS]; static struct cpuset cpuset_all; void cpuset_init_cpu(struct cpu_info *ci) { cpuset_add(&cpuset_all, ci); cpuset_infos[CPU_INFO_UNIT(ci)] = ci; } void cpuset_clear(struct cpuset *cs) { memset(cs, 0, sizeof(*cs)); } void cpuset_add(struct cpuset *cs, struct cpu_info *ci) { unsigned int num = CPU_INFO_UNIT(ci); atomic_setbits_int(&cs->cs_set[num/32], (1 << (num % 32))); } void cpuset_del(struct cpuset *cs, struct cpu_info *ci) { unsigned int num = CPU_INFO_UNIT(ci); atomic_clearbits_int(&cs->cs_set[num/32], (1 << (num % 32))); } int cpuset_isset(struct cpuset *cs, struct cpu_info *ci) { unsigned int num = CPU_INFO_UNIT(ci); return (cs->cs_set[num/32] & (1 << (num % 32))); } void cpuset_add_all(struct cpuset *cs) { cpuset_copy(cs, &cpuset_all); } void cpuset_copy(struct cpuset *to, struct cpuset *from) { memcpy(to, from, sizeof(*to)); } struct cpu_info * cpuset_first(struct cpuset *cs) { int i; for (i = 0; i < CPUSET_ASIZE(ncpus); i++) if (cs->cs_set[i]) return (cpuset_infos[i * 32 + ffs(cs->cs_set[i]) - 1]); return (NULL); } void cpuset_union(struct cpuset *to, struct cpuset *a, struct cpuset *b) { int i; for (i = 0; i < CPUSET_ASIZE(ncpus); i++) to->cs_set[i] = a->cs_set[i] | b->cs_set[i]; } void cpuset_intersection(struct cpuset *to, struct cpuset *a, struct cpuset *b) { int i; for (i = 0; i < CPUSET_ASIZE(ncpus); i++) to->cs_set[i] = a->cs_set[i] & b->cs_set[i]; } void cpuset_complement(struct cpuset *to, struct cpuset *a, struct cpuset *b) { int i; for (i = 0; i < CPUSET_ASIZE(ncpus); i++) to->cs_set[i] = b->cs_set[i] & ~a->cs_set[i]; } int cpuset_cardinality(struct cpuset *cs) { int cardinality, i, n; cardinality = 0; for (i = 0; i < CPUSET_ASIZE(ncpus); i++) for (n = cs->cs_set[i]; n != 0; n &= n - 1) cardinality++; return (cardinality); } int sysctl_hwncpuonline(void) { return cpuset_cardinality(&sched_all_cpus); } int cpu_is_online(struct cpu_info *ci) { return cpuset_isset(&sched_all_cpus, ci); } #ifdef __HAVE_CPU_TOPOLOGY #include int sysctl_hwsmt(void *oldp, size_t *oldlenp, void *newp, size_t newlen) { CPU_INFO_ITERATOR cii; struct cpu_info *ci; int err, newsmt; newsmt = sched_smt; err = sysctl_int(oldp, oldlenp, newp, newlen, &newsmt); if (err) return err; if (newsmt > 1) newsmt = 1; if (newsmt < 0) newsmt = 0; if (newsmt == sched_smt) return 0; sched_smt = newsmt; CPU_INFO_FOREACH(cii, ci) { if (CPU_IS_PRIMARY(ci)) continue; if (ci->ci_smt_id == 0) continue; if (sched_smt) cpuset_add(&sched_all_cpus, ci); else cpuset_del(&sched_all_cpus, ci); } return 0; } #endif