.\"     $OpenBSD: nc.1,v 1.21 2002/02/19 22:45:18 ericj Exp $
.\"
.\" Copyright (c) 1996 David Sacerdote
.\" All rights reserved.
.\"
.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
.\" are met:
.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
.\" 3. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products
.\"    derived from this software without specific prior written permission
.\"
.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
.\" OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
.\" IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
.\" INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
.\" NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
.\" DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
.\" THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
.\" (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
.\" THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
.\"
.Dd June 25, 2001
.Dt NC 1
.Os
.Sh NAME
.Nm nc
.Nd "arbitrary TCP and UDP connections and listens"
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.Nm nc
.Op Fl 46hklnrtuvzU
.Op Fl i Ar interval
.Op Fl p Ar source port
.Op Fl s Ar source ip address
.Op Fl x Ar proxy address Op :port
.Op Fl w Ar timeout
.Op Ar hostname
.Op Ar port[s]
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Nm
(or
.Nm netcat )
utility is used for just about anything under the sun involving TCP
or UDP.
It can open TCP connections, send UDP packets, listen on arbitrary
TCP and UDP ports, do port scanning, and deal with both IPv4 and
IPv6.
Unlike
.Xr telnet 1 ,
.Nm
scripts nicely, and separates error messages onto standard error instead
of sending them to standard output, as
.Xr telnet 1 ,
does with some.
.Pp
Destination ports can be single integers or ranges.
Ranges are in the form nn-mm.
.Pp
Common uses include:
.Pp
.Bl -bullet -offset indent -compact
.It
simple TCP proxies
.It
shell\-script based HTTP clients and servers
.It
network daemon testing
.It
and much, much more
.El
.Pp
The options are as follows:
.Bl -tag -width Ds
.It Fl 4
Forces
.Nm
to use IPv4 addresses only.
.It Fl 6
Forces
.Nm
to use IPv6 addresses only.
.It Fl h
Prints out
.Nm
help.
.It Fl i Ar interval
Specifies a delay time interval between lines of text sent and received.
Also causes a delay time between connections to multiple ports.
.It Fl k
Forces
.Nm
to stay listening for another connection after its current connection
is completed.
.It Fl l
Used to specify that
.Nm
should listen for an incoming connection rather than initiate a
connection to a remote host.
.It Fl n
Do not do any DNS or service lookups on any specified addresses,
hostnames or ports.
.It Fl p Ar port
Specifies the source port
.Nm
should use, subject to privilege restrictions and availability.
.It Fl r
Specifies that source and/or destination ports should be chosen randomly
instead of sequentially within a range or in the order that the system
assigns them.
.It Fl s Ar hostname/ip address
Specifies the IP of the interface which is used to send the packets.
.It Fl t
Causes
.Nm
to send RFC854 DON'T and WON'T responses to RFC854 DO and WILL requests.
This makes it possible to use
.Nm
to script telnet sessions.
.It Fl u
Use UDP instead of the default option of TCP.
.It Fl v
Have
.Nm
give more verbose output.
.It Fl x Ar proxy address Op :port
Requests that
.Nm
should connect to
.Ar hostname
using a socks5 proxy at address and port.
If port is not specified, port 1080 is used.
.It Fl z
Specifies that
.Nm
should just scan for listening daemons, without sending any data to them.
.It Fl U
Specifies to use Unix Domain Sockets.
.El
.Sh EXAMPLES
.Bl -tag -width x
.It Li "nc hostname 42"
Open a TCP connection to port 42 of hostname.
.It Li "nc -p 31337 hostname 42"
Open a TCP connection to port 42 of hostname, and use port 31337 as
the source port.
.It Li "nc -w 5 hostname 42"
Open a TCP connection to port 42 of hostname, and timeout after
five seconds while attempting to connect.
.It Li "nc -u hostname 53"
Open a UDP connection to port 53 of hostname.
.It Li "nc -s 10.1.2.3 example.host 42"
Open a TCP connection to port 42 of example.host using 10.1.2.3 as the
IP for the local end of the connection.
.It Li "nc -v hostname 42"
Open a TCP connection to port 42 of hostname, displaying some
diagnostic messages on stderr.
.It Li "nc -v -z hostname 20-30"
Attempt to open TCP connections to ports 20 through 30 of
hostname, and report which ones
.Nm
was able to connect to.
.It Li "nc -v -u -z -w 3 hostname 20-30"
Send UDP packets to ports 20-30 of example.host, and report which ones
did not respond with an ICMP packet after three seconds.
.It Li "nc -l 3000"
Listen on TCP port 3000, and once there is a connection, send stdin to
the remote host, and send data from the remote host to stdout.
.It Li "echo foobar | nc hostname 1000"
Connect to port 1000 of hostname, send the string "foobar"
followed by a newline, and move data from port 1000 of hostname to
stdout until hostname closes the connection.
.It Li "nc -U /var/tmp/dsocket"
Connect to a Unix Domain Socket.
.It Li "nc -lU /var/tmp/dsocket"
Create and listen on a Unix Domain Socket.
.El
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr cat 1 ,
.Xr telnet 1
.Sh AUTHORS
Original implementation by *Hobbit*
.Aq hobbit@avian.org .
.Pp
Rewritten with IPv6 support by Eric Jackson
.Aq ericj@monkey.org .