.\"	$OpenBSD: systat.1,v 1.123 2024/09/25 06:13:01 jmc Exp $
.\"	$NetBSD: systat.1,v 1.6 1996/05/10 23:16:39 thorpej Exp $
.\"
.\" Copyright (c) 1985, 1990, 1993
.\"	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
.\"
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
.\" are met:
.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
.\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
.\"    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
.\"    without specific prior written permission.
.\"
.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
.\"
.\"	@(#)systat.1	8.2 (Berkeley) 12/30/93
.\"
.Dd $Mdocdate: September 25 2024 $
.Dt SYSTAT 1
.Os
.Sh NAME
.Nm systat
.Nd display system statistics
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.Nm systat
.Op Fl aBbhiNn
.Op Fl d Ar count
.Op Fl s Ar delay
.Op Fl w Ar width
.Op Ar view
.Op Ar delay
.Sh DESCRIPTION
.Nm
displays various system statistics in a screen-oriented fashion
using the
.Xr curses 3
screen display library.
.Pp
While
.Nm
is running, the screen is divided into different areas.
The top line displays the current number of users, the
three system load average figures over the last 1, 5, and
15 minute intervals, the host name, and the system time.
The bottom line of the screen is reserved for
user input and error messages.
The information displayed in the rest of the screen
comprises a
.Em view ,
and is the main interface for
displaying different types of system statistics.
The
.Ic vmstat
view is the default.
.Pp
Certain information may be discarded when the screen size is
insufficient for display.
For example, on a machine with 10 drives the
.Ic iostat
bar graph displays only 3 drives on a 24 line terminal.
.\".Pp
.\"Input is interpreted at two different levels.
.\"A
.\".Dq global
.\"command interpreter processes all keyboard input.
.\"If this command interpreter fails to recognize a command, the
.\"input line is passed to a per-display command interpreter.
.\"This allows each display to have certain display-specific commands.
.Pp
The options are as follows:
.Bl -tag -width Ds
.It Fl a
Display all lines.
.It Fl B
Raw, non-interactive mode.
The default is to exit after two screen updates,
with statistics only ever displayed once.
Useful for views such as
.Ic cpu ,
where initial calculations are useless.
.It Fl b
Raw, non-interactive mode.
The default is to exit after one screen update,
with statistics displayed every update.
.It Fl d Ar count
Exit after
.Ar count
screen updates.
.It Fl h
Human readable mode, where applicable.
.It Fl i
Interactive mode.
.It Fl N
Resolve network addresses to names.
This is the opposite of the
.Fl n
option.
.It Fl n
Do not try to reverse map IP addresses.
This is the default.
.It Fl s Ar delay
Specifies the screen refresh time interval in seconds.
This option is overridden by the final
.Ar delay
argument, if given.
The default interval is 5 seconds.
.It Fl w Ar width
Specifies the maximum width of the output in raw, non-interactive mode.
.It Ar view
The
.Ar view
argument expects to be one of:
.Ic vmstat ,
.Ic pigs ,
.Ic ifstat ,
.Ic iostat ,
.Ic sensors ,
.Ic mbufs ,
.Ic netstat ,
.Ic swap ,
.Ic states ,
.Ic rules ,
.Ic queues ,
.Ic pf ,
.Ic pool ,
.Ic pcache ,
.Ic malloc ,
.Ic buckets ,
.Ic nfsclient ,
.Ic nfsserver ,
.Ic cpu ,
or
.Ic uvm .
These displays can also be requested interactively and are described in
full detail below.
.Ar view
may be abbreviated to the minimum unambiguous prefix;
for example,
.Dq io
for
.Dq iostat .
.It Ar delay
The
.Ar delay
argument specifies the screen refresh time interval in seconds.
This is provided for backwards compatibility, and overrides any
interval specified with the
.Fl s
flag.
The default interval is 5 seconds.
.El
.Pp
Certain characters cause immediate action by
.Nm .
These are:
.Bl -tag -width Ds
.It Ic \&:
Move the cursor to the command line and interpret the input
line typed as a command.
While entering a command the
current character erase, word erase, and line kill characters
may be used.
.It Ic h
Toggle printing the names of the available views on the command line.
.It Ic o
Select the next ordering which sorts the rows according to a
combination of columns.
Available orderings depend on the view.
Not all views support orderings.
.It Ic p
Pause
.Nm .
.It Ic q
Quit
.Nm .
.It Ic r
Reverse the selected ordering if supported by the view.
.It Ic s
Change the screen refresh interval in seconds.
.It Ic \&,
Print numbers with thousand separators, where applicable.
.It Ic ^A | Aq Ic Home
Jump to the beginning of the current view.
.It Ic ^B | Aq Ic right arrow
Select the previous view.
.It Ic ^E | Aq Ic End
Jump to the end of the current view.
.It Ic ^F | Aq Ic left arrow
Select the next view.
.It Ic ^G
Toggle printing the name of the current
view being shown and the refresh interval.
.It Ic ^L
Refresh the screen.
.It Ic ^N | Aq Ic down arrow
Scroll current view down by one line.
.It Ic ^P | Aq Ic up arrow
Scroll current view up by one line.
.It Ic ^V | Aq Ic Page Down
Scroll current view down by one page.
.It Ic Alt-V | Aq Ic Page Up
Scroll current view up by one page.
.El
.Pp
The following commands are interpreted by the
.Dq global
command interpreter.
.Bl -tag -width Ds
.It Ic help
Toggle printing the names of the available views on the command line.
.It Ic human
Toggle human readable mode, where applicable.
.It Ic order
Toggle printing the names of the available orderings on the command line.
.It Ic quit
Quit
.Nm .
(This may be abbreviated to
.Ic q . )
.It Ic stop
Stop refreshing the screen.
.It Xo
.Op Ic start
.Op Ar number
.Xc
Start (continue) refreshing the screen.
If a second, numeric,
argument is provided it is interpreted as a refresh interval
(in seconds).
Supplying only a number will set the refresh interval to this
value.
.El
.Pp
.Ar view
may be abbreviated to the minimum unambiguous prefix.
The available views are:
.Bl -tag -width "netstatXXX"
.It Ic buckets
Display kernel
.Xr malloc 9
bucket statistics similar to the output of
.Cm vmstat Fl m .
.It Ic cpu
Display information about the average usage of each CPU,
similar to the output provided by
.Xr top 1 .
.It Ic ifstat
Display interface statistics.
The
.Dq State
column has the format
.Sm off
.Cm up | dn
.Bq : Cm U | D .
.Sm on
.Sq up
and
.Sq dn
represent whether the interface is up or down.
.Sq U
and
.Sq D
represent whether the interface is connected or not;
in the case of
.Xr carp 4
interfaces, whether the interface is in master or backup state, respectively.
.Pp
The character
.Ic B
changes the counter view between bytes and bits.
Pressing
.Ic b
displays statistics as calculated from boot time.
.Ic r
changes the counters to show their totals as calculated
between display refreshes.
.Ic t
changes the counters to show the average per second over
the display refresh interval;
this is the default.
.Ic d
displays input and output queue drops.
.Ic e
displays input and output errors.
.Ic f
displays input and output queue drops plus errors.
This is the default view.
.It Ic iostat
Display statistics about disk throughput.
Statistics
on disk throughput show, for each drive, data transferred in bytes,
number of disk transactions performed, and time spent in disk accesses
(in fractions of a second).
Pressing
.Ic b
displays statistics as calculated from boot time.
.Ic t
changes the counters to show the average per second over
the display refresh interval;
this is the default.
.It Ic malloc
Display kernel
.Xr malloc 9
type statistics similar to the output of
.Cm vmstat Fl m .
Available orderings are:
.Ic name ,
.Ic inuse ,
.Ic memuse ,
and
.Ic requests .
.It Ic mbufs
Display mbuf usage information from kernel pools
and mbuf cluster pool statistics of each network interface.
.It Ic netstat
Display network connections.
Each address
is displayed numerically in the format
.Dq host:port .
By default, network servers awaiting requests are not displayed.
It is also possible to have addresses displayed symbolically,
when possible, and limit the display to a set of protocols
(the minimum unambiguous prefix may be supplied):
.Bl -tag -width Ar
.It Cm all
Toggle the displaying of server processes awaiting requests (this
is the equivalent of the
.Fl a
flag to
.Xr netstat 1 ) .
.It Cm names
Display network addresses symbolically.
.It Cm numbers
Display network addresses numerically.
.It Cm reset
Reset matching mechanisms to the default.
.\".It Cm show Oo
.\".Ar protocols | ports | hosts
.\".Oc
.\"Show, on the command line, the currently selected protocols,
.\"hosts, and ports.
.\"Protocols, hosts and ports which are being ignored are prefixed with a
.\".Ql \&! .
.\"If an argument is supplied to
.\".Cm show ,
.\"then only the requested information will be displayed.
.It Cm tcp | udp | other
Display only network connections using the indicated protocol.
.El
.It Ic nfsclient
Display statistics about NFS client activity.
Output resembles
.Cm nfsstat Fl c .
.It Ic nfsserver
Display statistics about NFS server activity.
Output resembles
.Cm nfsstat Fl s .
.It Ic pf
Display filter information about
.Xr pf 4 ,
similar to the output of
.Cm pfctl Fl s Cm info
option.
.It Ic pigs
Display those processes resident in main
memory and getting the
largest portion of the processor.
When less than 100% of the
processor is scheduled to user processes, the remaining time
is accounted to the
.Dq idle
process.
.It Ic pool
Display kernel
.Xr pool 9
statistics similar to the output of
.Cm vmstat Fl m .
Available orderings are:
.Ic name ,
.Ic requests ,
.Ic size ,
and
.Ic number of pages .
.Pp
By default only the statistics of active pools are displayed but pressing
.Ic A
changes the view to show all of them.
.It Ic pcache
Display kernel
.Xr pool 9
per CPU cache statistics.
Ordering is available on all columns.
.It Ic queues
Display statistics about the active queues,
similar to the output of
.Cm pfctl Fl s Cm queue .
.It Ic rules
Display pf rules statistics, similar to the output of
.Cm pfctl Fl s Cm rules .
.It Ic sensors
Display the current values of available hardware sensors,
in a format similar to that of
.Xr sysctl 8 .
.It Ic states
Display pf states statistics, similar to the output of
.Cm pfctl Fl s Cm states .
Available orderings are:
.Ic none ,
.Ic bytes ,
.Ic expiry ,
.Ic packets ,
.Ic age ,
.Ic source address ,
.Ic source port ,
.Ic destination address ,
.Ic destination port ,
.Ic rate ,
and
.Ic peak
columns.
.It Ic swap
Show information about swap space usage on all the
swap areas compiled into the kernel.
The first column is the device name of the partition.
The next column is the total space available in the partition.
The
.Ar Used
column indicates the total blocks used so far;
the graph shows the percentage of space in use on each partition.
If there is more than one swap partition in use,
a total line is also shown.
Areas known to the kernel but not in use are shown as not available.
.It Ic vmstat
Take over the entire display and show a (rather crowded) compendium
of statistics related to virtual memory usage, process scheduling,
device interrupts, system name translation caching, disk I/O, etc.
This view is the default.
.Pp
Below the top line are statistics on memory utilization.
The first row of the table reports memory usage only among
active processes, that is, processes that have run in the previous
twenty seconds.
The second row reports on memory usage of all processes.
The first column reports on the amount of physical memory
claimed by processes.
The second column reports the same figure for
virtual memory, that is, the amount of memory that would be
needed if all processes were resident at the same time.
Finally, the last column shows the amount of physical memory
on the free list.
.Pp
Below the memory display is a list of the average number of processes
(over the last refresh interval) that are runnable
.Pq Sq r ,
in disk wait other than paging
.Pq Sq d ,
sleeping
.Pq Sq s ,
and swapped out but desiring to run
.Pq Sq w .
Below the queue length listing is a numerical listing and
a bar graph showing the amount of
interrupt (shown as
.Ql | ) ,
spinning (shown as
.Ql @ ) ,
system (shown as
.Ql = ) ,
user plus nice (shown as
.Ql > ) ,
and idle time (shown as
.Ql \ \& ) .
.Pp
To the right of the Proc display are statistics about
Context switches
.Pq Dq Csw ,
Traps
.Pq Dq Trp ,
Syscalls
.Pq Dq Sys ,
Interrupts
.Pq Dq Int ,
Soft interrupts
.Pq Dq Sof ,
and Faults
.Pq Dq Flt
which have occurred during the last refresh interval.
.Pp
Below the CPU usage graph are statistics on name translations.
It lists the number of names translated in the previous interval,
the number and percentage of the translations that were
handled by the system wide name translation cache, and
the number and percentage of the translations that were
handled by the per process name translation cache.
.Pp
At the bottom left is the disk usage display.
It reports the number of seeks, transfers, number
of kilobyte blocks transferred per second averaged over the
refresh period of the display, and
the time spent in disk accesses.
.Pp
Under the date in the upper right hand quadrant are statistics
on paging and swapping activity.
The first two columns report the average number of pages
brought in and out per second over the last refresh interval
due to page faults and the paging daemon.
The third and fourth columns report the average number of pages
brought in and out per second over the last refresh interval
due to swap requests initiated by the scheduler.
The first row of the display shows the average
number of disk transfers per second over the last refresh interval.
The second row of the display shows the average
number of pages transferred per second over the last refresh interval.
.Pp
Running down the right hand side of the display is a breakdown
of the interrupts being handled by the system.
At the top of the list is the total interrupts per second
over the time interval.
The rest of the column breaks down the total on a device
by device basis.
Only devices that have interrupted at least once since boot time are shown.
.Pp
Below the Interrupts display are
the average number of input and output packets per second
for all interfaces over the last refresh interval.
.Pp
Below the SWAPPING display and slightly to the left of the Interrupts
display is a list of virtual memory statistics.
The abbreviations are:
.Pp
.Bl -tag -compact -width "kmapentXX" -offset indent
.It forks
process forks
.It fkppw
forks where parent waits
.It fksvm
forks where vmspace is shared
.It pwait
fault had to wait on a page
.It relck
fault relock called
.It rlkok
fault relock is successful
.It noram
faults out of ram
.It ndcpy
number of times fault clears "need copy"
.It fltcp
number of times fault promotes with copy
.It zfod
fault promotes with zerofill
.It cow
number of times fault anon cow
.It fmin
min number of free pages
.It ftarg
target number of free pages
.It itarg
target number of inactive pages
.It wired
wired pages
.It pdfre
pages daemon freed since boot
.It pdscn
pages daemon scanned since boot
.It pzidl
number of zeroed pages
.It kmape
number of kernel map entries
.El
.It Ic uvm
Display statistics relevant to the UVM subsystem.
The statistics are divided into eight groups.
.Pp
.Bl -tag -compact -width "reserve_pagedaemon" -offset indent
.It Page Counters:
.It npages
pages managed by UVM
.It free
free pages
.It active
active pages
.It inactive
freed pages that may be wanted back
.It paging
pages in the process of being paged out
.It wired
wired pages
.It zeropages
zero'd pages
.It reserve_pagedaemon
pages reserved for pagedaemon
.It reserve_kernel
pages reserved for kernel.
.Pp
.It Stats Counters:
.It faults
page fault count
.It traps
trap count
.It intrs
interrupt count
.It swtch
context switch count
.It softs
software interrupt count
.It syscalls
system calls
.It pageins
pagein operation count
.It pgswapin
pages swapped in
.It pgswapout
pages swapped out
.It forks
forks.
.It forks_ppwait
forks where parent waits
.It forks_sharevm
forks where vmspace is shared
.It pga_zerohit
pagealloc found requested zero'd pages
.It pga_zeromiss
pagealloc failed to obtain zero'd pages
.Pp
.It Fault Counters:
.It fltnoram
fault was out of ram
.It fltnoanon
fault was out of anons
.It fltnoamap
fault was out of amap chunks
.It fltpgwait
fault had to wait on a page
.It fltpgrele
fault found a released page
.It fltrelck
fault relock called
.It fltrelckok
fault relock was a success
.It fltanget
fault got anon page
.It fltanretry
fault retried an anon get
.It fltamcopy
fault cleared "needs copy"
.It fltnamap
fault mapped a neighbor anon page
.It fltnomap
fault mapped a neighbor obj page
.It fltlget
fault did a locked pgo_get
.It fltget
fault did an unlocked get
.It flt_anon
fault anon (case 1a)
.It flt_acow
fault anon cow (case 1b)
.It flt_obj
fault was on object page (2a)
.It flt_prcopy
fault promotes with copy (2b)
.It flt_przero
fault promotes with zerofill (2b)
.Pp
.It Pageout Params:
.It freemin
minimum number of free pages
.It freetarg
target number of free pages
.It inactarg
target number of inactive pages
.It wiredmax
maximum number of wired pages
.It anonmin
minimum threshold for anon pages
.It vtextmin
minimum threshold for vtext pages
.It vnodemin
minimum threshold for vnode pages
.It anonminpct
minimum percent anon pages
.It vtextminpct
minimum percent vtext pages
.It vnodeminpct
minimum percent vnode pages
.Pp
.It Swap Counters:
.It nswapdev
configured swap devices
.It swpages
PAGE_SIZE'ed swap pages
.It swpginuse
swap pages in use
.It swpgonly
in use swap pages not in RAM
.It nswget
swap pages moved from disk to RAM
.It nanon
total anon's
.Pp
.It Daemon Counters:
.It pdwoke
times daemon woke up
.It pdrevs
times daemon rev'd clock hand
.It pdswout
times daemon called for swapout
.It pdfreed
pages daemon freed since boot
.It pdscans
pages daemon scanned since boot
.It pdanscan
anonymous pages scanned by daemon
.It pdobscan
object pages scanned by daemon
.It pdreact
pages daemon reactivated since boot
.It pdbusy
times daemon found a busy page
.It pdpageouts
times daemon started a pageout
.It  pdpending
times daemon got a pending pagout
.It pddeact
pages daemon deactivates
.Pp
.It Misc Counters:
.It fpswtch
FPU context switches
.It kmapent
kernel map entries
.Pp
.It Constants:
.It pagesize
size of a page, always a power of 2
.It pagemask
page mask
.It pageshift
page shift
.El
.El
.\".Pp
.\"The following commands are specific to the
.\".Ic vmstat
.\"and
.\".Ic ifstat
.\"views; the minimum unambiguous prefix may be supplied.
.\".Pp
.\".Bl -tag -width Ds -compact
.\".It Cm boot
.\"Display cumulative statistics since the system was booted.
.\".It Cm run
.\"Display statistics as a running total from the point this
.\"command is given.
.\".It Cm time
.\"Display statistics averaged over the refresh interval (the default).
.\".It Cm zero
.\"Reset running statistics to zero.
.\".El
.\".Pp
.\"The following commands are common to each view which shows
.\"information about disk drives.
.\"These commands are used to select a set of drives to report on,
.\"should a system have more drives configured
.\"than can normally be displayed on the screen.
.\".Pp
.\".Bl -tag -width Tx -compact
.\".It Cm display Op Ar drives
.\"Display information about the drives indicated.
.\"Multiple drives may be specified, separated by spaces.
.\".It Cm ignore Op Ar drives
.\"Do not display information about the drives indicated.
.\"Multiple drives may be specified, separated by spaces.
.\".El
.Sh FILES
.Bl -tag -width "/etc/servicesXXX" -compact
.It Pa /etc/hosts
Host names.
.It Pa /etc/pf.conf
.Xr pf 4
configuration.
.It Pa /etc/services
Port names.
.El
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr fstat 1 ,
.Xr kill 1 ,
.Xr netstat 1 ,
.Xr nfsstat 1 ,
.Xr ps 1 ,
.Xr top 1 ,
.Xr iostat 8 ,
.Xr pfctl 8 ,
.Xr pstat 8 ,
.Xr renice 8 ,
.Xr sysctl 8 ,
.Xr vmstat 8
.Sh HISTORY
The
.Nm
program first appeared in
.Bx 4.3 .
.Sh BUGS
Certain displays presume a minimum of 80 characters per line.
The
.Ic vmstat
display looks out of place because it is (it was added in as
a separate display rather than created as a new program).