/* $OpenBSD: bad144.c,v 1.17 2003/06/26 22:11:01 deraadt Exp $ */ /* * Copyright (c) 1980, 1986, 1988, 1993 * The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. * * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions * are met: * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software * without specific prior written permission. * * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF * SUCH DAMAGE. */ #ifndef lint static char copyright[] = "@(#) Copyright (c) 1980, 1986, 1988, 1993\n\ The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.\n"; #endif /* not lint */ #ifndef lint /*static char sccsid[] = "from: @(#)bad144.c 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/6/93";*/ static char *rcsid = "$Id: bad144.c,v 1.17 2003/06/26 22:11:01 deraadt Exp $"; #endif /* not lint */ /* * bad144 * * This program prints and/or initializes a bad block record for a pack, * in the format used by the DEC standard 144. * It can also add bad sector(s) to the record, moving the sector * replacements as necessary. * * It is preferable to write the bad information with a standard formatter, * but this program will do. * * RP06 sectors are marked as bad by inverting the format bit in the * header; on other drives the valid-sector bit is cleared. */ #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #define RETRIES 10 /* number of retries on reading old sectors */ int add, copy, verbose, nflag; int dups; int badfile = -1; /* copy of badsector table to use, -1 if any */ #define MAXSECSIZE 1024 struct dkbad curbad, oldbad; #define DKBAD_MAGIC 0x4321 char label[BBSIZE]; daddr_t size; struct disklabel *dp; char name[BUFSIZ]; void Perror(const char *); daddr_t badsn(const struct bt_bad *); int blkcopy(int, daddr_t, daddr_t); void blkzero(int, daddr_t); int checkold(void); int compare(const void *, const void *); daddr_t getold(int, struct dkbad *); void shift(int, int, int); void usage(void); int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { struct bt_bad *bt; daddr_t sn, bn[NBT_BAD]; int i, f, nbad, new, bad, errs, ch; while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "acnv01234")) != -1) { switch(ch) { case 'a': add = 1; break; case 'c': copy = 1; break; case 'n': nflag = 1; /* FALLTHROUGH */ case 'v': verbose = 1; break; case '0': case '1': case '2': case '3': case '4': badfile = ch - '0'; break; } } argc -= optind; argv += optind; if (argc < 1) usage(); if (argv[0][0] != '/') (void)snprintf(name, sizeof(name), "%sr%s%c", _PATH_DEV, argv[0], 'a' + RAW_PART); else strlcpy(name, argv[0], sizeof(name)); f = open(name, argc == 1? O_RDONLY : O_RDWR); if (f < 0) err(4, "can't open %s", name); /* obtain label and adjust to fit */ dp = (struct disklabel *)&label; if (ioctl(f, DIOCGDINFO, dp) < 0) err(4, "DIOCGDINFO"); if (dp->d_magic != DISKMAGIC || dp->d_magic2 != DISKMAGIC /* dkcksum(lp) != 0 */ ) { errx(1, "bad pack magic number (pack is unlabeled)"); } if (dp->d_secsize > MAXSECSIZE || dp->d_secsize <= 0) { errx(7, "Disk sector size too large/small (%d)", dp->d_secsize); } if (dp->d_type == DTYPE_SCSI) { errx(1, "SCSI disks don't need bad144!"); } #ifdef __i386__ /* are we inside a DOS partition? */ if (dp->d_partitions[0].p_offset) { /* yes, rules change. assume bad tables at end of partition C, which maps all of DOS partition we are within -wfj */ size = dp->d_partitions[2].p_offset + dp->d_partitions[2].p_size; } else #endif size = dp->d_nsectors * dp->d_ntracks * dp->d_ncylinders; argc--; argv++; if (argc == 0) { sn = getold(f, &oldbad); printf("bad block information at sector %d in %s:\n", sn, name); printf("cartridge serial number: %d(10)\n", oldbad.bt_csn); switch (oldbad.bt_flag) { case (u_short)-1: printf("alignment cartridge\n"); break; case DKBAD_MAGIC: break; default: printf("bt_flag=%x(16)?\n", oldbad.bt_flag); break; } bt = oldbad.bt_bad; for (i = 0; i < NBT_BAD; i++) { bad = (bt->bt_cyl<<16) + bt->bt_trksec; if (bad < 0) break; printf("sn=%d, cn=%d, tn=%d, sn=%d\n", badsn(bt), bt->bt_cyl, bt->bt_trksec>>8, bt->bt_trksec&0xff); bt++; } (void) checkold(); exit(0); } if (add) { /* * Read in the old badsector table. * Verify that it makes sense, and the bad sectors * are in order. Copy the old table to the new one. */ (void) getold(f, &oldbad); i = checkold(); if (verbose) printf("Had %d bad sectors, adding %d\n", i, argc); if (i + argc > NBT_BAD) { errx(1, "not enough room for %d more sectors, " "limited to %d by information format", argc, NBT_BAD); } curbad = oldbad; } else { curbad.bt_csn = strtol(*argv++, NULL, 10); argc--; curbad.bt_mbz = 0; curbad.bt_flag = DKBAD_MAGIC; if (argc > NBT_BAD) { errx(1, "too many bad sectors specified, " "limited to %d by information format", NBT_BAD); } i = 0; } errs = 0; new = argc; while (argc > 0) { daddr_t sn = atoi(*argv++); argc--; if (sn < 0 || sn >= size) { printf("%d: out of range [0,%d) for disk %s\n", sn, size, dp->d_typename); errs++; continue; } bn[i] = sn; curbad.bt_bad[i].bt_cyl = sn / (dp->d_nsectors*dp->d_ntracks); sn %= (dp->d_nsectors*dp->d_ntracks); curbad.bt_bad[i].bt_trksec = ((sn/dp->d_nsectors) << 8) + (sn%dp->d_nsectors); i++; } if (errs) exit(1); nbad = i; while (i < NBT_BAD) { curbad.bt_bad[i].bt_trksec = -1; curbad.bt_bad[i].bt_cyl = -1; i++; } if (add) { /* * Sort the new bad sectors into the list. * Then shuffle the replacement sectors so that * the previous bad sectors get the same replacement data. */ qsort((char *)curbad.bt_bad, nbad, sizeof (struct bt_bad), compare); if (dups) { errx(3, "bad sectors have been duplicated; " "can't add existing sectors"); } shift(f, nbad, nbad-new); } if (badfile == -1) i = 0; else i = badfile * 2; for (; i < 10 && i < dp->d_nsectors; i += 2) { if (lseek(f, dp->d_secsize * (size - dp->d_nsectors + i), SEEK_SET) < 0) err(4, "lseek"); if (verbose) printf("write badsect file at %d\n", size - dp->d_nsectors + i); if (nflag == 0 && write(f, (caddr_t)&curbad, sizeof(curbad)) != sizeof(curbad)) { warn("write bad sector file %d", i/2); } if (badfile != -1) break; } #ifdef DIOCSBAD if (nflag == 0 && ioctl(f, DIOCSBAD, (caddr_t)&curbad) < 0) warn("can't sync bad-sector file"); warnx("reboot for changes to take effect"); #endif if ((dp->d_flags & D_BADSECT) == 0 && nflag == 0) { dp->d_flags |= D_BADSECT; if (ioctl(f, DIOCWDINFO, dp) < 0) { err(1, "can't write label to enable bad sector handling"); } } exit(0); } daddr_t getold(int f, struct dkbad *bad) { int i; daddr_t sn; if (badfile == -1) i = 0; else i = badfile * 2; for (; i < 10 && i < dp->d_nsectors; i += 2) { sn = size - dp->d_nsectors + i; if (lseek(f, sn * dp->d_secsize, SEEK_SET) < 0) err(4, "lseek"); if (read(f, (char *) bad, dp->d_secsize) == dp->d_secsize) { if (i > 0) printf("Using bad-sector file %d\n", i/2); return(sn); } warn("read bad sector file at sn %d", sn); if (badfile != -1) break; } errx(1, "can't read bad block info from %s", name); /*NOTREACHED*/ } int checkold(void) { int i; struct bt_bad *bt; daddr_t sn, lsn = 0; int errors = 0, warned = 0; if (oldbad.bt_flag != DKBAD_MAGIC) { warnx("bad flag in bad-sector table %s", name); errors++; } if (oldbad.bt_mbz != 0) { warnx("%s: bad magic number", name); errors++; } bt = oldbad.bt_bad; for (i = 0; i < NBT_BAD; i++, bt++) { if (bt->bt_cyl == 0xffff && bt->bt_trksec == 0xffff) break; if ((bt->bt_cyl >= dp->d_ncylinders) || ((bt->bt_trksec >> 8) >= dp->d_ntracks) || ((bt->bt_trksec & 0xff) >= dp->d_nsectors)) { warnx("cyl/trk/sect out of range in existing entry: " "sn=%d, cn=%d, tn=%d, sn=%d", badsn(bt), bt->bt_cyl, bt->bt_trksec>>8, bt->bt_trksec & 0xff); errors++; } sn = (bt->bt_cyl * dp->d_ntracks + (bt->bt_trksec >> 8)) * dp->d_nsectors + (bt->bt_trksec & 0xff); if (i > 0 && sn < lsn && !warned) { warnx("bad sector file is out of order"); errors++; warned++; } if (i > 0 && sn == lsn) { warnx("bad sector file contains duplicates (sn %d)", sn); errors++; } lsn = sn; } if (errors) exit(1); return (i); } /* * Move the bad sector replacements * to make room for the new bad sectors. * new is the new number of bad sectors, old is the previous count. */ void shift(int f, int new, int old) { daddr_t repl; /* * First replacement is last sector of second-to-last track. */ repl = size - dp->d_nsectors - 1; new--; old--; while (new >= 0 && new != old) { if (old < 0 || compare(&curbad.bt_bad[new], &oldbad.bt_bad[old]) > 0) { /* * Insert new replacement here-- copy original * sector if requested and possible, * otherwise write a zero block. */ if (!copy || !blkcopy(f, badsn(&curbad.bt_bad[new]), repl - new)) blkzero(f, repl - new); } else { if (blkcopy(f, repl - old, repl - new) == 0) fprintf(stderr, "Can't copy replacement sector %d to %d\n", repl-old, repl-new); old--; } new--; } } char *buf; /* * Copy disk sector s1 to s2. */ int blkcopy(int f, daddr_t s1, daddr_t s2) { int tries, n; if (buf == NULL) { buf = malloc((unsigned)dp->d_secsize); if (buf == NULL) { err(20, NULL); } } for (tries = 0; tries < RETRIES; tries++) { if (lseek(f, dp->d_secsize * s1, SEEK_SET) < 0) err(4, "lseek"); if ((n = read(f, buf, dp->d_secsize)) == dp->d_secsize) break; } if (n != dp->d_secsize) { warnx("can't read sector %d", s1); return(0); } if (lseek(f, dp->d_secsize * s2, SEEK_SET) < 0) err(4, "lseek"); if (verbose) printf("copying %d to %d\n", s1, s2); if (nflag == 0 && write(f, buf, dp->d_secsize) != dp->d_secsize) { warn("can't write replacement sector %d", s2); return(0); } return(1); } char *zbuf; void blkzero(int f, daddr_t sn) { if (zbuf == NULL) { zbuf = malloc((unsigned)dp->d_secsize); if (zbuf == NULL) { err(20, NULL); } } if (lseek(f, dp->d_secsize * sn, SEEK_SET) < 0) err(4, "lseek"); if (verbose) printf("zeroing %d\n", sn); if (nflag == 0 && write(f, zbuf, dp->d_secsize) != dp->d_secsize) { warn("can't write replacement sector %d", sn); } } int compare(const void *v1, const void *v2) { const struct bt_bad *b1 = v1, *b2 = v2; if (b1->bt_cyl > b2->bt_cyl) return(1); if (b1->bt_cyl < b2->bt_cyl) return(-1); if (b1->bt_trksec == b2->bt_trksec) dups++; return (b1->bt_trksec - b2->bt_trksec); } daddr_t badsn(const struct bt_bad *bt) { return ((bt->bt_cyl*dp->d_ntracks + (bt->bt_trksec>>8)) * dp->d_nsectors + (bt->bt_trksec&0xff)); } #ifdef vax struct rp06hdr { short h_cyl; short h_trksec; short h_key1; short h_key2; char h_data[512]; #define RP06_FMT 010000 /* 1 == 16 bit, 0 == 18 bit */ }; /* * Most massbus and unibus drives * have headers of this form */ struct hpuphdr { u_short hpup_cyl; u_char hpup_sect; u_char hpup_track; char hpup_data[512]; #define HPUP_OKSECT 0xc000 /* this normally means sector is good */ #define HPUP_16BIT 0x1000 /* 1 == 16 bit format */ }; int rp06format(), hpupformat(); struct formats { char *f_name; /* disk name */ int f_bufsize; /* size of sector + header */ int f_bic; /* value to bic in hpup_cyl */ int (*f_routine)(); /* routine for special handling */ } formats[] = { { "rp06", sizeof (struct rp06hdr), RP06_FMT, rp06format }, { "eagle", sizeof (struct hpuphdr), HPUP_OKSECT, hpupformat }, { "capricorn", sizeof (struct hpuphdr), HPUP_OKSECT, hpupformat }, { "rm03", sizeof (struct hpuphdr), HPUP_OKSECT, hpupformat }, { "rm05", sizeof (struct hpuphdr), HPUP_OKSECT, hpupformat }, { "9300", sizeof (struct hpuphdr), HPUP_OKSECT, hpupformat }, { "9766", sizeof (struct hpuphdr), HPUP_OKSECT, hpupformat }, { 0, 0, 0, 0 } }; /*ARGSUSED*/ hpupformat(struct formats *fp, struct disklabel *dp, daddr_t blk, char *buf, int count) { struct hpuphdr *hdr = (struct hpuphdr *)buf; int sect; if (count < sizeof(struct hpuphdr)) { hdr->hpup_cyl = (HPUP_OKSECT | HPUP_16BIT) | (blk / (dp->d_nsectors * dp->d_ntracks)); sect = blk % (dp->d_nsectors * dp->d_ntracks); hdr->hpup_track = (u_char)(sect / dp->d_nsectors); hdr->hpup_sect = (u_char)(sect % dp->d_nsectors); } return (0); } /*ARGSUSED*/ rp06format(struct formats *fp, struct disklabel *dp, daddr_t blk, char *buf, int count) { if (count < sizeof(struct rp06hdr)) { fprintf(stderr, "Can't read header on blk %d, can't reformat\n", blk); return (-1); } return (0); } format(int fd, daddr_t blk) { struct formats *fp; static char *buf; static char bufsize; struct format_op fop; int n; for (fp = formats; fp->f_name; fp++) if (strcmp(dp->d_typename, fp->f_name) == 0) break; if (fp->f_name == 0) { fprintf(stderr, "bad144: don't know how to format %s disks\n", dp->d_typename); exit(2); } if (buf && bufsize < fp->f_bufsize) { free(buf); buf = NULL; } if (buf == NULL) buf = malloc((unsigned)fp->f_bufsize); if (buf == NULL) { fprintf(stderr, "bad144: can't allocate sector buffer\n"); exit(3); } bufsize = fp->f_bufsize; /* * Here we do the actual formatting. All we really * do is rewrite the sector header and flag the bad sector * according to the format table description. If a special * purpose format routine is specified, we allow it to * process the sector as well. */ if (verbose) printf("format blk %d\n", blk); bzero((char *)&fop, sizeof(fop)); fop.df_buf = buf; fop.df_count = fp->f_bufsize; fop.df_startblk = blk; bzero(buf, fp->f_bufsize); if (ioctl(fd, DIOCRFORMAT, &fop) < 0) perror("bad144: read format"); if (fp->f_routine && (*fp->f_routine)(fp, dp, blk, buf, fop.df_count) != 0) return; if (fp->f_bic) { struct hpuphdr *xp = (struct hpuphdr *)buf; xp->hpup_cyl &= ~fp->f_bic; } if (nflag) return; bzero((char *)&fop, sizeof(fop)); fop.df_buf = buf; fop.df_count = fp->f_bufsize; fop.df_startblk = blk; if (ioctl(fd, DIOCWFORMAT, &fop) < 0) Perror("write format"); if (fop.df_count != fp->f_bufsize) { char msg[80]; (void)snprintf(msg, sizeof msg, "bad144: write format %d", blk); perror(msg); } } #endif void usage(void) { fprintf(stderr, "usage: bad144 [-c] [-n] [-v] disk [snum [bn ...]]\n"); fprintf(stderr, "to read or overwrite bad-sector table, e.g.: bad144 hp0\n"); fprintf(stderr, "or bad144 -a [-c] [-n] [-v] disk [bn ...]\n"); fprintf(stderr, "where options are:\n"); fprintf(stderr, "\t-a add new bad sectors to the table\n"); fprintf(stderr, "\t-c copy original sector to replacement\n"); fprintf(stderr, "\t-n make no permanent changes\n"); fprintf(stderr, "\t-v be verbose\n"); exit(1); }