.\" $OpenBSD: dhclient.8,v 1.16 2003/12/22 15:58:30 jmc Exp $ .\" .\" Copyright (c) 1997 The Internet Software Consortium. .\" All rights reserved. .\" .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without .\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions .\" are met: .\" .\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. .\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the .\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. .\" 3. Neither the name of The Internet Software Consortium nor the names .\" of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived .\" from this software without specific prior written permission. .\" .\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE INTERNET SOFTWARE CONSORTIUM AND .\" CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, .\" INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF .\" MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE .\" DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE INTERNET SOFTWARE CONSORTIUM OR .\" CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, .\" SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT .\" LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF .\" USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND .\" ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, .\" OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT .\" OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF .\" SUCH DAMAGE. .\" .\" This software has been written for the Internet Software Consortium .\" by Ted Lemon in cooperation with Vixie .\" Enterprises. To learn more about the Internet Software Consortium, .\" see ``http://www.isc.org/isc''. To learn more about Vixie .\" Enterprises, see ``http://www.vix.com''. .Dd October 1, 1999 .Dt DHCLIENT 8 .Os .Sh NAME .Nm dhclient .Nd Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) Client .Sh SYNOPSIS .Nm .Op Fl 1dqu .Op Fl p Ar port .Op Ar interface ... .Sh DESCRIPTION The .Nm utility provides a means for configuring network interfaces using DHCP, BOOTP, or if these protocols fail, by statically assigning an address. .Pp The names of the network interfaces that .Nm should attempt to configure may be specified on the command line. If no interface names are given, .Nm will identify all network interfaces, eliminating non-broadcast interfaces if possible, and attempt to configure each one. .Pp The options are as follows: .Bl -tag -width "-p port" .It Fl 1 Forces .Nm to exit if it failed to configure an interface. .It Fl d Forces .Nm to always run as a foreground process. By default, .Nm runs in the foreground until it has configured an interface, and then will revert to running in the background. .It Fl p Ar port Specifies the UDP .Ar port .Nm should listen on, instead of the default (68). .It Fl q Forces .Nm to be less verbose on startup. .It Fl u Forces .Nm to reject leases with unknown options in them. The default behaviour is to accept such lease offers. .El .Pp The DHCP protocol allows a host to contact a central server which maintains a list of IP addresses which may be assigned on one or more subnets. A DHCP client may request an address from this pool, and then use it on a temporary basis for communication on the network. The DHCP protocol also provides a mechanism whereby a client can learn important details about the network to which it is attached, such as the location of a default router, the location of a name server, and so on. .Pp On startup, .Nm reads .Pa /etc/dhclient.conf for configuration instructions. It then gets a list of all the network interfaces that are configured in the current system. It then attempts to configure each interface with DHCP. .Pp In order to keep track of leases across system reboots and server restarts, .Nm keeps a list of leases it has been assigned in the .Pa /var/db/dhclient.leases file. On startup, after reading the .Pa dhclient.conf file, .Nm reads the leases file to refresh its memory about what leases it has been assigned. .Pp When a new lease is acquired, it is appended to the end of .Pa /var/db/dhclient.leases . In order to prevent the file from becoming arbitrarily large, from time to time .Nm creates a new .Pa dhclient.leases file from its in-core lease database. The old version of the file is retained under the name .Pa /var/db/dhclient.leases~ until the next time .Nm rewrites the database. .Pp Old leases are kept around in case the DHCP server is unavailable when .Nm is first invoked (generally during the initial system boot process). In that event, old leases from the .Pa dhclient.leases file which have not yet expired are tested, and if they are determined to be valid, they are used until either they expire or the DHCP server becomes available. .Pp A mobile host which may sometimes need to access a network on which no DHCP server exists may be preloaded with a lease for a fixed address on that network. When all attempts to contact a DHCP server have failed, .Nm will try to validate the static lease, and if it succeeds, it will use that lease until it is restarted. .Pp A mobile host may also travel to some networks on which DHCP is not available but BOOTP is. In that case, it may be advantageous to arrange with the network administrator for an entry on the BOOTP database, so that the host can boot quickly on that network rather than cycling through the list of old leases. .Sh NOTES You must have the Berkeley Packet Filter (BPF) configured in your kernel. .Nm requires at least one .Pa /dev/bpf* file for each broadcast network interface that is attached to your system. See .Xr bpf 4 for more information. .Sh FILES .Bl -tag -width /var/db/dhclient.leases~ -compact .It Pa /etc/dhclient.conf DHCP client configuration file .It Pa /var/db/dhclient.leases database of acquired leases .It Pa /var/db/dhclient.leases~ backup of dhclient.leases .It Pa /var/run/dhclient.pid process ID of .Nm .El .Sh SEE ALSO .Xr dhclient.conf 5 , .Xr dhclient.leases 5 , .Xr dhclient-script 8 , .Xr dhcp 8 , .Xr dhcpd 8 , .Xr dhcrelay 8 .Sh AUTHORS .Nm has been written for the Internet Software Consortium by Ted Lemon in cooperation with Vixie Enterprises. To learn more about the Internet Software Consortium, see .Pp .Dl http://www.vix.com/isc. .Pp To learn more about Vixie Enterprises, see .Pp .Dl http://www.vix.com. .Pp This client was substantially modified and enhanced by Elliot Poger for use on Linux while he was working on the MosquitoNet project at Stanford. .Pp The current version owes much to Elliot's Linux enhancements, but was substantially reorganized and partially rewritten by Ted Lemon so as to use the same networking framework that the Internet Software Consortium DHCP server uses. Much system-specific configuration code was moved into a shell script so that as support for more operating systems is added, it will not be necessary to port and maintain system-specific configuration code to these operating systems - instead, the shell script can invoke the native tools to accomplish the same purpose.