.\" $OpenBSD: resolver.3,v 1.5 1999/06/05 22:17:45 aaron Exp $ .\" Copyright (c) 1985, 1995 The Regents of the University of California. .\" All rights reserved. .\" .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms are permitted provided .\" that: (1) source distributions retain this entire copyright notice and .\" comment, and (2) distributions including binaries display the following .\" acknowledgement: ``This product includes software developed by the .\" University of California, Berkeley and its contributors'' in the .\" documentation or other materials provided with the distribution and in .\" all advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software. .\" Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors may .\" be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without .\" specific prior written permission. .\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ``AS IS'' AND WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED .\" WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF .\" MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. .\" .\" @(#)resolver.3 6.5 (Berkeley) 6/23/90 .\" $From: resolver.3,v 8.4 1996/05/09 05:59:10 vixie Exp $ .\" .TH RESOLVER 3 "December 11, 1995 .UC 4 .SH NAME res_query, res_search, res_mkquery, res_send, res_init, dn_comp, dn_expand \- resolver routines .SH SYNOPSIS .B #include .br .B #include .br .B #include .br .B #include .PP .B "res_query(dname, class, type, answer, anslen)" .br .B const char *dname; .br .B int class, type; .br .B u_char *answer; .br .B int anslen; .PP .B "res_search(dname, class, type, answer, anslen)" .br .B const char *dname; .br .B int class, type; .br .B u_char *answer; .br .B int anslen; .PP .B "res_mkquery(op, dname, class, type, data, datalen, newrr, buf, buflen)" .br .B int op; .br .B const char *dname; .br .B int class, type; .br .B const char *data; .br .B int datalen; .br .B struct rrec *newrr; .br .B u_char *buf; .br .B int buflen; .PP .B res_send(msg, msglen, answer, anslen) .br .B const u_char *msg; .br .B int msglen; .br .B u_char *answer; .br .B int anslen; .PP .B res_init() .PP .B dn_comp(exp_dn, comp_dn, length, dnptrs, lastdnptr) .br .B const char *exp_dn; .br .B u_char *comp_dn; .br .B int length; .br .B u_char **dnptrs, **lastdnptr; .PP .B dn_expand(msg, eomorig, comp_dn, exp_dn, length) .br .B const u_char *msg, *eomorig, *comp_dn; .br .B char *exp_dn; .br .B int length; .PP .B herror(const char *s) .PP .B hstrerror(int err) .SH DESCRIPTION These routines are used for making, sending and interpreting query and reply messages with Internet domain name servers. .PP Global configuration and state information that is used by the resolver routines is kept in the structure .IR _res . Most of the values have reasonable defaults and can be ignored. Options stored in .I _res.options are defined in .I resolv.h and are as follows. Options are stored as a simple bit mask containing the bitwise ``or'' of the options enabled. .IP RES_INIT True if the initial name server address and default domain name are initialized (i.e., .I res_init has been called). .IP RES_DEBUG Print debugging messages. .IP RES_AAONLY Accept authoritative answers only. With this option, .I res_send should continue until it finds an authoritative answer or finds an error. Currently this is not implemented. .IP RES_USEVC Use TCP connections for queries instead of UDP datagrams. .IP RES_STAYOPEN Used with RES_USEVC to keep the TCP connection open between queries. This is useful only in programs that regularly do many queries. UDP should be the normal mode used. .IP RES_IGNTC Unused currently (ignore truncation errors, i.e., don't retry with TCP). .IP RES_RECURSE Set the recursion-desired bit in queries. This is the default. (\c .I res_send does not do iterative queries and expects the name server to handle recursion.) .IP RES_DEFNAMES If set, .I res_search will append the default domain name to single-component names (those that do not contain a dot). This option is enabled by default. .IP RES_DNSRCH If this option is set, .I res_search will search for host names in the current domain and in parent domains; see .IR hostname (7). This is used by the standard host lookup routine .IR gethostbyname (3). This option is enabled by default. .IP RES_NOALIASES This option turns off the user level aliasing feature controlled by the HOSTALIASES environment variable. Network daemons should set this option. .PP The .I res_init routine reads the configuration file (if any; see .IR resolver (5)) to get the default domain name, search list and the Internet address of the local name server(s). If no server is configured, the host running the resolver is tried. The current domain name is defined by the hostname if not specified in the configuration file; it can be overridden by the environment variable LOCALDOMAIN. This environment variable may contain several blank-separated tokens if you wish to override the .I "search list" on a per-process basis. This is similar to the .I search command in the configuration file. Another environment variable (``RES_OPTIONS'') can be set to override certain internal resolver options which are otherwise set by changing fields in the .I _res structure or are inherited from the configuration file's .I options command. The syntax of the ``RES_OPTIONS'' environment variable is explained in .IR resolver (5). Initialization normally occurs on the first call to one of the other resolver routines. .PP The .I res_query function provides an interface to the server query mechanism. It constructs a query, sends it to the local server, awaits a response, and makes preliminary checks on the reply. The query requests information of the specified .I type and .I class for the specified fully qualified domain name .I dname . The reply message is left in the .I answer buffer with length .I anslen supplied by the caller. .PP The .I res_search routine makes a query and awaits a response like .IR res_query , but in addition, it implements the default and search rules controlled by the RES_DEFNAMES and RES_DNSRCH options. It returns the first successful reply. .PP The remaining routines are lower-level routines used by .IR res_query . The .I res_mkquery function constructs a standard query message and places it in .IR buf . It returns the size of the query, or \-1 if the query is larger than .IR buflen . The query type .I op is usually QUERY, but can be any of the query types defined in .IR . The domain name for the query is given by .IR dname . .I Newrr is currently unused but is intended for making update messages. .PP The .I res_send routine sends a pre-formatted query and returns an answer. It will call .I res_init if RES_INIT is not set, send the query to the local name server, and handle timeouts and retries. The length of the reply message is returned, or \-1 if there were errors. .PP The .I dn_comp function compresses the domain name .I exp_dn and stores it in .IR comp_dn . The size of the compressed name is returned or \-1 if there were errors. The size of the array pointed to by .I comp_dn is given by .IR length . The compression uses an array of pointers .I dnptrs to previously compressed names in the current message. The first pointer points to the beginning of the message and the list ends with NULL. The limit to the array is specified by .IR lastdnptr . A side effect of .I dn_comp is to update the list of pointers for labels inserted into the message as the name is compressed. If .I dnptr is NULL, names are not compressed. If .I lastdnptr is NULL, the list of labels is not updated. .PP The .I dn_expand entry expands the compressed domain name .I comp_dn to a full domain name The compressed name is contained in a query or reply message; .I msg is a pointer to the beginning of the message. The uncompressed name is placed in the buffer indicated by .I exp_dn which is of size .IR length . The size of compressed name is returned or \-1 if there was an error. .PP The external variable .B h_errno is set whenever an error occurs during resolver operation. The following definitions are given in .BR : .PP .nf #define NETDB_INTERNAL -1 /* see errno */ #define NETDB_SUCCESS 0 /* no problem */ #define HOST_NOT_FOUND 1 /* Authoritative Answer Host not found */ #define TRY_AGAIN 2 /* Non-Authoritive not found, or SERVFAIL */ #define NO_RECOVERY 3 /* Nonrecoverable: FORMERR, REFUSED, NOTIMP */ #define NO_DATA 4 /* Valid name, no data for requested type */ .ft R .ad .fi .PP The .B herror function writes a message to the diagnostic output consisting of the string parameter .BR s , the constant string ": ", and a message corresponding to the value of .BR h_errno . .PP The .B hstrerror function returns a string which is the message text corresponding to the value of the .B err parameter. .SH FILES /etc/resolv.conf see resolver(5) .SH "SEE ALSO" gethostbyname(3), named(8), resolver(5), hostname(7), .br RFC1032, RFC1033, RFC1034, RFC1035, RFC974, .br SMM:11 Name Server Operations Guide for BIND