.\" $OpenBSD: package.5,v 1.23 2015/04/16 20:01:39 jmc Exp $ .\" Copyright (c) 2005-2006 Marc Espie .\" .\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any .\" purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above .\" copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies. .\" .\" THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES .\" WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF .\" MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR .\" ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES .\" WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN .\" ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF .\" OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE. .Dd $Mdocdate: April 16 2015 $ .Dt PACKAGE 5 .Os .Sh NAME .Nm package .Nd format for .Ox binary packages .Sh DESCRIPTION Binary packages for .Ox can be created using .Xr pkg_create 1 and are usually manipulated using .Xr pkg_add 1 , .Xr pkg_mklocatedb 1 , or .Xr pkg_info 1 . .Pp The basic underlying format is an archive following the ustar specification that can be handled with .Xr tar 1 and compressed using .Xr gzip 1 . .Pp Package names always end in .Dq .tgz ; the file name itself should conform to .Xr packages-specs 7 . .Pp Note that the base distribution tarballs of .Ox (e.g.\& .Pa baseXX.tgz , .Pa compXX.tgz , \&...) are not binary packages fit for .Xr pkg_add 1 . .Pp All types of archive contents can be present in a package, including files, directories, hardlinks, symlinks, fifos, block and character devices. .Pp In order to allow just-in-time extraction, packages always begin with a table of contents, named .Pa +CONTENTS . This table of contents can be read using the API described in .Xr OpenBSD::PackingList 3p . .Pp All the remaining information in the archive should be referenced in the packing-list, including all relevant information: symlinks destinations, special permissions, and file owners .Po .Xr pkg_create 1 and .Xr pkg_add 1 actually enforce this .Pc . See .Xr pkg_create 1 for annotation details. .Pp This table of contents is always followed by a few special files, some of which are optional: the package description (+DESC), a display message (+DISPLAY), etc. .Pp The basic ustar format has some limitations with respect to file names. Packages now use the .Qq extended record specification (header type x) for long links and long file names. Other extended ustar headers are currently recognized, but not supported. .Pp Starting with .Ox 5.5 , the compressed archive may be composed of several .Xr gzip 1 archives concatenated together. .Xr gzip 1 doesn't mind, and .Xr tar 1 is happy as long as the uncompressed stream is sane. This allows for faster signing and better rsync properties. .Pp Starting with .Ox 5.6 , tarballs are stored .Qq out-of-order : each archive entry will match an entry in the packing-list (and all file-like entries will be matched), but the order will be adjusted so that most recently changed files come first, in order to allow faster updates. .Sh PACKING LIST ANNOTATIONS User annotations are described in .Xr pkg_create 1 . The following annotations are automatically inserted during package creation and installations: .Pp .Bl -tag -width Ds -compact .It Cm @arch Ar arches List of architectures for which this package is intended. This corresponds to .Fl A Ar arches of .Xr pkg_create 1 .Pp .It Cm @comment pkgpath=path cdrom=yes/no ftp=yes/no Historical accident. This specific comment encodes the actual .Fl D Ar FULLPKGPATH , .Fl D Ar CDROM , and .Fl D Ar FTP arguments to .Xr pkg_create 1 . .Pp .It Xo .Cm @depend .Sm off .Ar pkgpath : .Ar pkgspec : .Ar default .Sm on .Xc Record a dependency declared using the option .Fl P of .Xr pkg_create 1 . .Pp .It Xo .Cm @digital-signature .Sm off .Ar style : .Ar date : .Ar b64sig .Sm on .Xc Record a digital signature of the packing-list, corresponding to .Xr pkg_create 1 Ns 's .Fl s option. .Pp .It Cm @link Ar name Added after a file entry by .Nm to record that the entry is actually a hard link. .Pp .It Cm @localbase Ar base Used internally to record the settings of .Fl L option. .Pp .It Cm @name Ar pkgname Set the name of the package. This name is potentially different than the name of the file it came in, and is used when keeping track of the package for later deinstallation. .Xr pkg_create 1 will derive this field from the package file name. .Pp .It Cm @option Ar name Some options are automatically inserted by the package tools: .Bl -tag -width indent .It Ar firmware Set by .Xr fw_update 1 to trigger firmware-specific handling. In particular, firmware is hidden from normal updates. .It Ar manual-installation Record that a package has been explicitly installed by the user, and not as a result of a dependency look-up. Refer to .Xr pkg_add 1 Ns 's .Fl a option for details. .El .Pp .It Cm @sha Added after a file entry by .Xr pkg_create 1 to record the files's cryptographic checksum, as a sha256 digest encoded in base64. .Pp .It Cm @signer Internal annotation necessary to identify packages signed with .Xr signify 1 keys, as those keys don't carry any identity. .Pp .It Cm @size Added after a file entry by .Xr pkg_create 1 to record a file size. .Pp .It Cm @symlink Ar name Added after a file entry by .Xr pkg_create 1 to record that the entry is actually a symbolic link. .Pp .It Cm @url Original location of the package, automatically recorded in installed packages by .Xr pkg_add 1 . .Pp .It Cm @ts Ar timestamp Added after a file entry to record the actual file timestamp. The package tools read and process that annotation correctly. Starting with .Ox 5.7 , .Xr pkg_create 1 will migrate timestamps from the tarball meta-info to the packing-list to better create unchanging archive chunks. .Pp .It Cm @wantlib Ar libspec Record a library requirement declared using the option .Fl W of .Xr pkg_create 1 . .El .Sh PACKAGE SIGNATURES All information within a package is checksummed, using SHA256 since .Ox 4.4 . During creation and installation, meta-information, such as file owners and permissions, are also checked: any important stuff that isn't recorded in the packing-list is an error. .Pp Packing-lists can be signed. If a signature is found, then it will be checked during installation, and failure to verify will prevent the package from installing correctly. Currently, .Xr signify 1 and X.509-style signatures are supported. X.509 signatures rely on a certificate authority file being present as .Pa /etc/ssl/pkgca.pem and all signatures will be checked against it. Once the packing-list signature is checked, all individual packing elements will be checksummed, resulting in a .Sq just-in-time signature checking. .Pp Fat packages were removed in .Ox 5.1 , since no practical application was found. .Sh SEE ALSO .Xr pkg_add 1 , .Xr pkg_create 1 , .Xr pkg_info 1 , .Xr pkg_sign 1 , .Xr packages 7 , .Xr packages-specs 7 .Sh STANDARDS Packages are valid gzip'ed ustar archives that can be extracted using .Xr tar 1 . In particular, hardlink names should be valid, and all items will extract to different names. However, it may be a bit difficult to make sense of the package contents without peeking at the packing-list.