.\" $OpenBSD: pkg_add.1,v 1.6 1998/09/07 22:30:14 marc Exp $ .\" .\" FreeBSD install - a package for the installation and maintainance .\" of non-core utilities. .\" .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without .\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions .\" are met: .\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. .\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the .\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. .\" .\" Jordan K. Hubbard .\" .\" .\" @(#)pkg_add.1 .\" .Dd November 25, 1994 .Dt pkg_add 1 .Os .Sh NAME .Nm pkg_add .Nd a utility for installing software package distributions .Sh SYNOPSIS .Nm .Op Fl vInfRMS .Op Fl t Ar template .Op Fl p Ar prefix .Ar pkg-name [pkg-name ...] .Sh DESCRIPTION The .Nm command is used to extract packages that have been previously created with the .Xr pkg_create 1 command. .Sh WARNING .Bf -emphasis Since the .Nm command may execute scripts or programs contained within a package file, your system may be susceptible to ``trojan horses'' or other subtle attacks from miscreants who create dangerous package files. .Pp You are advised to verify the competence and identity of those who provide installable package files. For extra protection, use the .Fl M flag to extract the package file, and inspect its contents and scripts to insure it poses no danger to your system's integrity. Pay particular attention to any +INSTALL, +DEINSTALL, +REQUIRE or +MTREE_DIRS files, and inspect the +CONTENTS file for .Cm @cwd , .Cm @mode (check for setuid), .Cm @dirrm , .Cm @exec , and .Cm @unexec directives, and/or use the .Xr pkg_info 1 command to examine the package file. .Ef .Sh OPTIONS The following command line arguments are supported: .Bl -tag -width indent .It Ar pkg-name [... pkg-name] The named packages are installed. A package name of - will cause .Nm to read from stdin. If the packages are not found in the current working directory, .Nm will search them in each directory named by .Ev PKG_PATH . .It Fl v Turn on verbose output. .It Fl I If an installation script exists for a given package, do not execute it. .It Fl n Don't actually install a package, just report the steps that would be taken if it was. .It Fl R Do not record the installation of a package. This means that you cannot deinstall it later, so only use this option if you know what you are doing! .It Fl f Force installation to proceed even if prerequisite packages are not installed or the requirements script fails. Although .Nm will still try to find and auto-install missing prerequisite packages, a failure to find one will not be fatal. .It Fl p Ar prefix Set .Ar prefix as the directory in which to extract files from a package. If a package has set its default directory, it will be overridden by this flag. Note that only the first .Cm @cwd directive will be replaced, since .Nm has no way of knowing which directory settings are relative and which are absolute. It is rare in any case to see more than one directory transition made, but when such does happen and you wish to have control over *all* directory transitions, then you may then wish to look into the use of .Cm MASTER and .Cm SLAVE modes (see the .Fl M and .Fl S options). .It Fl t Ar template Use .Ar template as the input to .Xr mkdtemp 3 when creating a ``staging area.'' By default, this is the string .Pa /var/tmp/instmp.XXXXXX , but it may be necessary to override it in the situation where space in your .Pa /var/tmp directory is limited. Be sure to leave some number of `X' characters for .Xr mkdtemp 3 to fill in with a unique ID. .Pp You can get a performance boost by setting the staging area .Ar template to reside on the same disk partition as target directories for package file installation; often this is .Pa /usr . .It Fl M Run in .Cm MASTER mode. This is a very specialized mode for running .Nm and is meant to be run in conjunction with .Cm SLAVE mode. When run in this mode, .Nm does no work beyond extracting the package into a temporary staging area (see the .Fl t option), reading in the packing list, and then dumping it (prefaced by the current staging area) to stdout where it may be filtered by a program such as .Xr sed 1 . When used in conjunction with .Cm SLAVE mode, it allows you to make radical changes to the package structure before acting on its contents. .It Fl S Run in .Cm SLAVE mode. This is a very specialized mode for running .Nm and is meant to be run in conjunction with .Cm MASTER mode. When run in this mode, .Nm expects the release contents to be already extracted and waiting in the staging area, the location of which is read as a string from stdin. The complete packing list is also read from stdin, and the contents then acted on as normal. .El .Pp One or more .Ar pkg-name arguments may be specified, each being either a file containing the package (these usually ending with the ``.tgz'' suffix) or a URL pointing at a file available on an ftp site. Thus you may extract files directly from their anonymous ftp locations (e.g. .Nm ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/packages/shells/bash-1.14.4.tgz). Note: If you wish to use .Bf -emphasis active mode .Ef ftp in such transfers, set the variable .Bf -emphasis FTPMODE .Ef to .Dq active in your environment. Otherwise, the more flexible PASSIVE mode may be used. (see .Xr ftp 1 for more info on the .Ev FTPMODE environment variable.) If .Nm consistently fails to fetch a package from a site known to work, it may be because the site does not support .Bf -emphasis passive mode .Ef ftp correctly. This is very rare since .Nm will try .Bf -emphasis active mode .Ef ftp if the server refuses a .Bf -emphasis passive mode .Ef connection. .Sh TECHNICAL DETAILS .Nm extracts each package's "packing list" into a special staging directory in /tmp (or $PKG_TMPDIR if set) and then runs through the following sequence to fully extract the contents of the package: .Bl -enum -indent indent .It A check is made to determine if the package is already recorded as installed. If it is, installation is terminated. .It A check is made to determine if the package conflicts (from .Cm @pkgcfl directives, see .Xr pkg_create 1 ) with an already recorded as installed package. If it is, installation is terminated. .It All package dependencies (from .Cm @pkgdep directives, see .Xr pkg_create 1 ) are read from the packing list. If any of these required packages is not currently installed, an attempt is made to find and install it; if the missing package cannot be found or installed, the installation is terminated. .It A search is made for any .Cm @option directives which control how the package is added to the system. The only currently implemented option is .Cm @option extract-in-place , which causes the package to be extracted directly into its prefix directory rather than moving it through a staging area in .Pa /tmp . .It If .Cm @option extract-in-place is enabled, the package is now extracted directly into its final location, otherwise it is extracted into the staging area. .It If the package contains a .Ar require script (see .Xr pkg_create 1 ), it is executed with the following arguments: .Bl -tag -width indentindent .It Ar pkg-name The name of the package being installed .It Cm INSTALL Keyword denoting to the script that it is to run an installation requirements check. (The keyword is useful only to scripts which serve multiple functions). .El .Pp If the .Ar require script exits with a non-zero status code, the installation is terminated. .It If the package contains an .Ar install script, it is executed with the following arguments: .Bl -tag -width indentindent .It Ar pkg-name The name of the package being installed. .It Cm PRE-INSTALL Keyword denoting that the script is to perform any actions needed before the package is installed. .El .Pp If the .Ar install script exits with a non-zero status code, the installation is terminated. .It If .Cm @option extract-in-place is not present in the packing list, then it is used as a guide for moving (or copying, as necessary) files from the staging area into their final locations. .It If the package contains an .Ar mtreefile file (see .Xr pkg_create 1 ), then mtree is invoked as: .Bd -filled -offset indent -compact .Cm mtree .Fl u .Fl f .Ar mtreefile .Fl d .Fl e .Fl p .Pa prefix .Ed where .Pa prefix is either the prefix specified with the .Fl p flag or, if no .Fl p flag was specified, the name of the first directory named by a .Cm @cwd directive within this package. .It If an .Ar install script exists for the package, it is executed with the following arguments: .Bl -tag -width indentindent .It Ar pkg_name The name of the package being installed. .It Cm POST-INSTALL Keyword denoting that the script is to perform any actions needed after the package has been installed. .El .It After installation is complete, a copy of the packing list, .Ar deinstall script, description, and display files are copied into .Pa /var/db/pkg/ for subsequent possible use by .Xr pkg_delete 1 . Any package dependencies are recorded in the other packages' .Pa /var/db/pkg//+REQUIRED_BY file (if the environment variable PKG_DBDIR is set, this overrides the .Pa /var/db/pkg/ path shown above). .It Finally, the staging area is deleted and the program terminates. .El .Pp The .Ar install and .Ar require scripts are called with the environment variable .Ev PKG_PREFIX set to the installation prefix (see the .Fl p option above). This allows a package author to write a script that reliably performs some action on the directory where the package is installed, even if the user might change it with the .Fl p flag to .Cm pkg_add . .Sh ENVIRONMENT .Ss PKG_PATH The value of the .Ev PKG_PATH is used if a given package can't be found, it's usually set to .Pa /usr/pkgsrc/packages/All . The environment variable should be a series of entries seperated by colons. Each entry consists of a directory name. The current directory may be indicated implicitly by an empty directory name, or explicitly by a single period. .Ss PKG_DBDIR Where to register packages instead of .Pa /var/db/pkg . .Sh SEE ALSO .Xr pkg_create 1 , .Xr pkg_delete 1 , .Xr pkg_info 1 , .Xr mkdtemp 3 , .Xr sysconf 3 , .Xr mtree 8 .Sh AUTHORS .Bl -tag -width indent -compact .It "Jordan Hubbard" Initial work and ongoing development. .It "John Kohl" NetBSD refinements. .El .Sh BUGS Hard links between files in a distribution are only preserved if either (1) the staging area is on the same file system as the target directory of all the links to the file, or (2) all the links to the file are bracketed by .Cm @cwd directives in the contents file, .Em and the link names are extracted with a single .Cm tar command (not split between invocations due to exec argument-space limitations--this depends on the value returned by .Fn sysconf _SC_ARG_MAX ) . .Pp Sure to be others.