/* * main.c - Point-to-Point Protocol main module * * Copyright (c) 1989 Carnegie Mellon University. * All rights reserved. * * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms are permitted * provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are * duplicated in all such forms and that any documentation, * advertising materials, and other materials related to such * distribution and use acknowledge that the software was developed * by Carnegie Mellon University. The name of the * University may not be used to endorse or promote products derived * from this software without specific prior written permission. * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ``AS IS'' AND WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THE IMPLIED * WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. */ #ifndef lint static char rcsid[] = "$Id: main.c,v 1.3 1996/01/07 09:55:33 deraadt Exp $"; #endif #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include "pppd.h" #include "magic.h" #include "fsm.h" #include "lcp.h" #include "ipcp.h" #include "upap.h" #include "chap.h" #include "ccp.h" #include "pathnames.h" #include "patchlevel.h" /* * If REQ_SYSOPTIONS is defined to 1, pppd will not run unless * /etc/ppp/options exists. */ #ifndef REQ_SYSOPTIONS #define REQ_SYSOPTIONS 1 #endif /* interface vars */ char ifname[IFNAMSIZ]; /* Interface name */ int ifunit; /* Interface unit number */ char *progname; /* Name of this program */ char hostname[MAXNAMELEN]; /* Our hostname */ static char pidfilename[MAXPATHLEN]; /* name of pid file */ static char default_devnam[MAXPATHLEN]; /* name of default device */ static pid_t pid; /* Our pid */ static pid_t pgrpid; /* Process Group ID */ static uid_t uid; /* Our real user-id */ int fd = -1; /* Device file descriptor */ int phase; /* where the link is at */ int kill_link; int open_ccp_flag; static int initfdflags = -1; /* Initial file descriptor flags */ u_char outpacket_buf[PPP_MRU+PPP_HDRLEN]; /* buffer for outgoing packet */ static u_char inpacket_buf[PPP_MRU+PPP_HDRLEN]; /* buffer for incoming packet */ int hungup; /* terminal has been hung up */ static int n_children; /* # child processes still running */ int baud_rate; char *no_ppp_msg = "Sorry - this system lacks PPP kernel support\n"; /* prototypes */ static void hup __P((int)); static void term __P((int)); static void chld __P((int)); static void toggle_debug __P((int)); static void open_ccp __P((int)); static void bad_signal __P((int)); static void get_input __P((void)); void establish_ppp __P((void)); void calltimeout __P((void)); struct timeval *timeleft __P((struct timeval *)); void reap_kids __P((void)); void cleanup __P((int, caddr_t)); void close_fd __P((void)); void die __P((int)); void novm __P((char *)); void log_packet __P((u_char *, int, char *)); void format_packet __P((u_char *, int, void (*) (void *, char *, ...), void *)); void pr_log __P((void *, char *, ...)); extern char *ttyname __P((int)); extern char *getlogin __P((void)); #ifdef ultrix #undef O_NONBLOCK #define O_NONBLOCK O_NDELAY #endif /* * PPP Data Link Layer "protocol" table. * One entry per supported protocol. */ static struct protent { u_short protocol; void (*init)(); void (*input)(); void (*protrej)(); int (*printpkt)(); void (*datainput)(); char *name; } prottbl[] = { { PPP_LCP, lcp_init, lcp_input, lcp_protrej, lcp_printpkt, NULL, "LCP" }, { PPP_IPCP, ipcp_init, ipcp_input, ipcp_protrej, ipcp_printpkt, NULL, "IPCP" }, { PPP_PAP, upap_init, upap_input, upap_protrej, upap_printpkt, NULL, "PAP" }, { PPP_CHAP, ChapInit, ChapInput, ChapProtocolReject, ChapPrintPkt, NULL, "CHAP" }, { PPP_CCP, ccp_init, ccp_input, ccp_protrej, ccp_printpkt, ccp_datainput, "CCP" }, }; #define N_PROTO (sizeof(prottbl) / sizeof(prottbl[0])) main(argc, argv) int argc; char *argv[]; { int i, nonblock; struct sigaction sa; struct cmd *cmdp; FILE *pidfile; char *p; struct passwd *pw; struct timeval timo; sigset_t mask; p = ttyname(0); if (p) strcpy(devnam, p); strcpy(default_devnam, devnam); if (gethostname(hostname, MAXNAMELEN) < 0 ) { perror("couldn't get hostname"); die(1); } hostname[MAXNAMELEN-1] = 0; uid = getuid(); if (!ppp_available()) { fprintf(stderr, no_ppp_msg); exit(1); } /* * Initialize to the standard option set, then parse, in order, * the system options file, the user's options file, and the command * line arguments. */ for (i = 0; i < N_PROTO; i++) (*prottbl[i].init)(0); progname = *argv; if (!options_from_file(_PATH_SYSOPTIONS, REQ_SYSOPTIONS, 0) || !options_from_user() || !parse_args(argc-1, argv+1) || !options_for_tty()) die(1); check_auth_options(); setipdefault(); /* * If the user has specified the default device name explicitly, * pretend they hadn't. */ if (!default_device && strcmp(devnam, default_devnam) == 0) default_device = 1; /* * Initialize system-dependent stuff and magic number package. */ sys_init(); magic_init(); /* * Detach ourselves from the terminal, if required, * and identify who is running us. */ if (!default_device && !nodetach && daemon(0, 0) < 0) { perror("Couldn't detach from controlling terminal"); exit(1); } pid = getpid(); p = getlogin(); if (p == NULL) { pw = getpwuid(uid); if (pw != NULL && pw->pw_name != NULL) p = pw->pw_name; else p = "(unknown)"; } syslog(LOG_NOTICE, "pppd %s.%d started by %s, uid %d", VERSION, PATCHLEVEL, p, uid); /* * Compute mask of all interesting signals and install signal handlers * for each. Only one signal handler may be active at a time. Therefore, * all other signals should be masked when any handler is executing. */ sigemptyset(&mask); sigaddset(&mask, SIGHUP); sigaddset(&mask, SIGINT); sigaddset(&mask, SIGTERM); sigaddset(&mask, SIGCHLD); #define SIGNAL(s, handler) { \ sa.sa_handler = handler; \ if (sigaction(s, &sa, NULL) < 0) { \ syslog(LOG_ERR, "Couldn't establish signal handler (%d): %m", s); \ die(1); \ } \ } sa.sa_mask = mask; sa.sa_flags = 0; SIGNAL(SIGHUP, hup); /* Hangup */ SIGNAL(SIGINT, term); /* Interrupt */ SIGNAL(SIGTERM, term); /* Terminate */ SIGNAL(SIGCHLD, chld); SIGNAL(SIGUSR1, toggle_debug); /* Toggle debug flag */ SIGNAL(SIGUSR2, open_ccp); /* Reopen CCP */ /* * Install a handler for other signals which would otherwise * cause pppd to exit without cleaning up. */ SIGNAL(SIGABRT, bad_signal); SIGNAL(SIGALRM, bad_signal); SIGNAL(SIGFPE, bad_signal); SIGNAL(SIGILL, bad_signal); SIGNAL(SIGPIPE, bad_signal); SIGNAL(SIGQUIT, bad_signal); SIGNAL(SIGSEGV, bad_signal); #ifdef SIGBUS SIGNAL(SIGBUS, bad_signal); #endif #ifdef SIGEMT SIGNAL(SIGEMT, bad_signal); #endif #ifdef SIGPOLL SIGNAL(SIGPOLL, bad_signal); #endif #ifdef SIGPROF SIGNAL(SIGPROF, bad_signal); #endif #ifdef SIGSYS SIGNAL(SIGSYS, bad_signal); #endif #ifdef SIGTRAP SIGNAL(SIGTRAP, bad_signal); #endif #ifdef SIGVTALRM SIGNAL(SIGVTALRM, bad_signal); #endif #ifdef SIGXCPU SIGNAL(SIGXCPU, bad_signal); #endif #ifdef SIGXFSZ SIGNAL(SIGXFSZ, bad_signal); #endif /* * Lock the device if we've been asked to. */ if (lockflag && !default_device) if (lock(devnam) < 0) die(1); do { /* * Open the serial device and set it up to be the ppp interface. * If we're dialling out, or we don't want to use the modem lines, * we open it in non-blocking mode, but then we need to clear * the non-blocking I/O bit. */ nonblock = (connector || !modem)? O_NONBLOCK: 0; if ((fd = open(devnam, nonblock | O_RDWR, 0)) < 0) { syslog(LOG_ERR, "Failed to open %s: %m", devnam); die(1); } if ((initfdflags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL)) == -1) { syslog(LOG_ERR, "Couldn't get device fd flags: %m"); die(1); } if (nonblock) { initfdflags &= ~O_NONBLOCK; fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, initfdflags); } hungup = 0; kill_link = 0; /* run connection script */ if (connector && connector[0]) { MAINDEBUG((LOG_INFO, "Connecting with <%s>", connector)); /* set line speed, flow control, etc.; set CLOCAL for now */ set_up_tty(fd, 1); /* drop dtr to hang up in case modem is off hook */ if (!default_device && modem) { setdtr(fd, FALSE); sleep(1); setdtr(fd, TRUE); } if (device_script(connector, fd, fd) < 0) { syslog(LOG_ERR, "Connect script failed"); setdtr(fd, FALSE); die(1); } syslog(LOG_INFO, "Serial connection established."); sleep(1); /* give it time to set up its terminal */ } /* set line speed, flow control, etc.; clear CLOCAL if modem option */ set_up_tty(fd, 0); /* set up the serial device as a ppp interface */ establish_ppp(); syslog(LOG_INFO, "Using interface ppp%d", ifunit); (void) sprintf(ifname, "ppp%d", ifunit); /* write pid to file */ (void) sprintf(pidfilename, "%s%s.pid", _PATH_VARRUN, ifname); if ((pidfile = fopen(pidfilename, "w")) != NULL) { fprintf(pidfile, "%d\n", pid); (void) fclose(pidfile); } else { syslog(LOG_ERR, "Failed to create pid file %s: %m", pidfilename); pidfilename[0] = 0; } /* * Set device for non-blocking reads. */ if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, initfdflags | O_NONBLOCK) == -1) { syslog(LOG_ERR, "Couldn't set device to non-blocking mode: %m"); die(1); } /* * Block all signals, start opening the connection, and wait for * incoming events (reply, timeout, etc.). */ syslog(LOG_NOTICE, "Connect: %s <--> %s", ifname, devnam); lcp_lowerup(0); lcp_open(0); /* Start protocol */ for (phase = PHASE_ESTABLISH; phase != PHASE_DEAD; ) { wait_input(timeleft(&timo)); calltimeout(); get_input(); if (kill_link) { lcp_close(0); kill_link = 0; } if (open_ccp_flag) { if (phase == PHASE_NETWORK) { ccp_fsm[0].flags = OPT_RESTART; /* clears OPT_SILENT */ ccp_open(0); } open_ccp_flag = 0; } reap_kids(); /* Don't leave dead kids lying around */ } /* * Run disconnector script, if requested. * First we need to reset non-blocking mode. * XXX we may not be able to do this if the line has hung up! */ if (initfdflags != -1 && fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, initfdflags) >= 0) initfdflags = -1; disestablish_ppp(); if (disconnector) { set_up_tty(fd, 1); if (device_script(disconnector, fd, fd) < 0) { syslog(LOG_WARNING, "disconnect script failed"); } else { syslog(LOG_INFO, "Serial link disconnected."); } } close_fd(); if (unlink(pidfilename) < 0 && errno != ENOENT) syslog(LOG_WARNING, "unable to delete pid file: %m"); pidfilename[0] = 0; } while (persist); die(0); } /* * get_input - called when incoming data is available. */ static void get_input() { int len, i; u_char *p; u_short protocol; p = inpacket_buf; /* point to beginning of packet buffer */ len = read_packet(inpacket_buf); if (len < 0) return; if (len == 0) { syslog(LOG_NOTICE, "Modem hangup"); hungup = 1; lcp_lowerdown(0); /* serial link is no longer available */ phase = PHASE_DEAD; return; } if (debug /*&& (debugflags & DBG_INPACKET)*/) log_packet(p, len, "rcvd "); if (len < PPP_HDRLEN) { MAINDEBUG((LOG_INFO, "io(): Received short packet.")); return; } p += 2; /* Skip address and control */ GETSHORT(protocol, p); len -= PPP_HDRLEN; /* * Toss all non-LCP packets unless LCP is OPEN. */ if (protocol != PPP_LCP && lcp_fsm[0].state != OPENED) { MAINDEBUG((LOG_INFO, "io(): Received non-LCP packet when LCP not open.")); return; } /* * Upcall the proper protocol input routine. */ for (i = 0; i < sizeof (prottbl) / sizeof (struct protent); i++) { if (prottbl[i].protocol == protocol) { (*prottbl[i].input)(0, p, len); return; } if (protocol == (prottbl[i].protocol & ~0x8000) && prottbl[i].datainput != NULL) { (*prottbl[i].datainput)(0, p, len); return; } } if (debug) syslog(LOG_WARNING, "Unknown protocol (0x%x) received", protocol); lcp_sprotrej(0, p - PPP_HDRLEN, len + PPP_HDRLEN); } /* * demuxprotrej - Demultiplex a Protocol-Reject. */ void demuxprotrej(unit, protocol) int unit; u_short protocol; { int i; /* * Upcall the proper Protocol-Reject routine. */ for (i = 0; i < sizeof (prottbl) / sizeof (struct protent); i++) if (prottbl[i].protocol == protocol) { (*prottbl[i].protrej)(unit); return; } syslog(LOG_WARNING, "demuxprotrej: Unrecognized Protocol-Reject for protocol 0x%x", protocol); } /* * bad_signal - We've caught a fatal signal. Clean up state and exit. */ static void bad_signal(sig) int sig; { syslog(LOG_ERR, "Fatal signal %d", sig); die(1); } /* * quit - Clean up state and exit (with an error indication). */ void quit() { die(1); } /* * die - like quit, except we can specify an exit status. */ void die(status) int status; { cleanup(0, NULL); syslog(LOG_INFO, "Exit."); exit(status); } /* * cleanup - restore anything which needs to be restored before we exit */ /* ARGSUSED */ void cleanup(status, arg) int status; caddr_t arg; { if (fd >= 0) close_fd(); if (pidfilename[0] != 0 && unlink(pidfilename) < 0 && errno != ENOENT) syslog(LOG_WARNING, "unable to delete pid file: %m"); pidfilename[0] = 0; if (lockflag && !default_device) unlock(); } /* * close_fd - restore the terminal device and close it. */ void close_fd() { disestablish_ppp(); sleep(1); /* drop dtr to hang up */ if (modem) { setdtr(fd, FALSE); sleep(1); } if (initfdflags != -1 && fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, initfdflags) < 0) syslog(LOG_WARNING, "Couldn't restore device fd flags: %m"); initfdflags = -1; restore_tty(); close(fd); fd = -1; } struct callout { struct timeval c_time; /* time at which to call routine */ caddr_t c_arg; /* argument to routine */ void (*c_func)(); /* routine */ struct callout *c_next; }; static struct callout *callout = NULL; /* Callout list */ static struct timeval timenow; /* Current time */ /* * timeout - Schedule a timeout. * * Note that this timeout takes the number of seconds, NOT hz (as in * the kernel). */ void timeout(func, arg, time) void (*func)(); caddr_t arg; int time; { struct callout *newp, *p, **pp; MAINDEBUG((LOG_DEBUG, "Timeout %lx:%lx in %d seconds.", (long) func, (long) arg, time)); /* * Allocate timeout. */ if ((newp = (struct callout *) malloc(sizeof(struct callout))) == NULL) { syslog(LOG_ERR, "Out of memory in timeout()!"); die(1); } newp->c_arg = arg; newp->c_func = func; gettimeofday(&timenow, NULL); newp->c_time.tv_sec = timenow.tv_sec + time; newp->c_time.tv_usec = timenow.tv_usec; /* * Find correct place and link it in. */ for (pp = &callout; (p = *pp); pp = &p->c_next) if (newp->c_time.tv_sec < p->c_time.tv_sec || (newp->c_time.tv_sec == p->c_time.tv_sec && newp->c_time.tv_usec < p->c_time.tv_sec)) break; newp->c_next = p; *pp = newp; } /* * untimeout - Unschedule a timeout. */ void untimeout(func, arg) void (*func)(); caddr_t arg; { struct itimerval itv; struct callout **copp, *freep; int reschedule = 0; MAINDEBUG((LOG_DEBUG, "Untimeout %lx:%lx.", (long) func, (long) arg)); /* * Find first matching timeout and remove it from the list. */ for (copp = &callout; (freep = *copp); copp = &freep->c_next) if (freep->c_func == func && freep->c_arg == arg) { *copp = freep->c_next; (void) free((char *) freep); break; } } /* * calltimeout - Call any timeout routines which are now due. */ void calltimeout() { struct callout *p; while (callout != NULL) { p = callout; if (gettimeofday(&timenow, NULL) < 0) { syslog(LOG_ERR, "Failed to get time of day: %m"); die(1); } if (!(p->c_time.tv_sec < timenow.tv_sec || (p->c_time.tv_sec == timenow.tv_sec && p->c_time.tv_usec <= timenow.tv_usec))) break; /* no, it's not time yet */ callout = p->c_next; (*p->c_func)(p->c_arg); free((char *) p); } } /* * timeleft - return the length of time until the next timeout is due. */ struct timeval * timeleft(tvp) struct timeval *tvp; { if (callout == NULL) return NULL; gettimeofday(&timenow, NULL); tvp->tv_sec = callout->c_time.tv_sec - timenow.tv_sec; tvp->tv_usec = callout->c_time.tv_usec - timenow.tv_usec; if (tvp->tv_usec < 0) { tvp->tv_usec += 1000000; tvp->tv_sec -= 1; } if (tvp->tv_sec < 0) tvp->tv_sec = tvp->tv_usec = 0; return tvp; } /* * hup - Catch SIGHUP signal. * * Indicates that the physical layer has been disconnected. * We don't rely on this indication; if the user has sent this * signal, we just take the link down. */ static void hup(sig) int sig; { syslog(LOG_INFO, "Hangup (SIGHUP)"); kill_link = 1; } /* * term - Catch SIGTERM signal and SIGINT signal (^C/del). * * Indicates that we should initiate a graceful disconnect and exit. */ /*ARGSUSED*/ static void term(sig) int sig; { syslog(LOG_INFO, "Terminating on signal %d.", sig); persist = 0; /* don't try to restart */ kill_link = 1; } /* * chld - Catch SIGCHLD signal. * Calls reap_kids to get status for any dead kids. */ static void chld(sig) int sig; { reap_kids(); } /* * toggle_debug - Catch SIGUSR1 signal. * * Toggle debug flag. */ /*ARGSUSED*/ static void toggle_debug(sig) int sig; { debug = !debug; note_debug_level(); } /* * open_ccp - Catch SIGUSR2 signal. * * Try to (re)negotiate compression. */ /*ARGSUSED*/ static void open_ccp(sig) int sig; { open_ccp_flag = 1; } /* * device_script - run a program to connect or disconnect the * serial device. */ int device_script(program, in, out) char *program; int in, out; { int pid; int status; int errfd; pid = fork(); if (pid < 0) { syslog(LOG_ERR, "Failed to create child process: %m"); die(1); } if (pid == 0) { dup2(in, 0); dup2(out, 1); errfd = open(_PATH_CONNERRS, O_WRONLY | O_APPEND | O_CREAT, 0644); if (errfd >= 0) dup2(errfd, 2); setuid(getuid()); setgid(getgid()); execl("/bin/sh", "sh", "-c", program, (char *)0); syslog(LOG_ERR, "could not exec /bin/sh: %m"); _exit(99); /* NOTREACHED */ } while (waitpid(pid, &status, 0) < 0) { if (errno == EINTR) continue; syslog(LOG_ERR, "error waiting for (dis)connection process: %m"); die(1); } return (status == 0 ? 0 : -1); } /* * run-program - execute a program with given arguments, * but don't wait for it. * If the program can't be executed, logs an error unless * must_exist is 0 and the program file doesn't exist. */ int run_program(prog, args, must_exist) char *prog; char **args; int must_exist; { int pid; pid = fork(); if (pid == -1) { syslog(LOG_ERR, "Failed to create child process for %s: %m", prog); return -1; } if (pid == 0) { int new_fd; /* Leave the current location */ (void) setsid(); /* No controlling tty. */ (void) umask (S_IRWXG|S_IRWXO); (void) chdir ("/"); /* no current directory. */ setuid(geteuid()); setgid(getegid()); /* Ensure that nothing of our device environment is inherited. */ close (0); close (1); close (2); close (fd); /* tty interface to the ppp device */ /* XXX should call sysdep cleanup procedure here */ /* Don't pass handles to the PPP device, even by accident. */ new_fd = open (_PATH_DEVNULL, O_RDWR); if (new_fd >= 0) { if (new_fd != 0) { dup2 (new_fd, 0); /* stdin <- /dev/null */ close (new_fd); } dup2 (0, 1); /* stdout -> /dev/null */ dup2 (0, 2); /* stderr -> /dev/null */ } #ifdef BSD /* Force the priority back to zero if pppd is running higher. */ if (setpriority (PRIO_PROCESS, 0, 0) < 0) syslog (LOG_WARNING, "can't reset priority to 0: %m"); #endif /* SysV recommends a second fork at this point. */ execve(prog, args); if (must_exist || errno != ENOENT) syslog(LOG_WARNING, "Can't execute %s: %m", prog); _exit(-1); } MAINDEBUG((LOG_DEBUG, "Script %s started; pid = %d", prog, pid)); ++n_children; return 0; } /* * reap_kids - get status from any dead child processes, * and log a message for abnormal terminations. */ void reap_kids() { int pid, status; if (n_children == 0) return; if ((pid = waitpid(-1, &status, WNOHANG)) == -1) { if (errno != ECHILD) syslog(LOG_ERR, "Error waiting for child process: %m"); return; } if (pid > 0) { --n_children; if (WIFSIGNALED(status)) { syslog(LOG_WARNING, "Child process %d terminated with signal %d", pid, WTERMSIG(status)); } } } /* * log_packet - format a packet and log it. */ char line[256]; /* line to be logged accumulated here */ char *linep; void log_packet(p, len, prefix) u_char *p; int len; char *prefix; { strcpy(line, prefix); linep = line + strlen(line); format_packet(p, len, pr_log, NULL); if (linep != line) syslog(LOG_DEBUG, "%s", line); } /* * format_packet - make a readable representation of a packet, * calling `printer(arg, format, ...)' to output it. */ void format_packet(p, len, printer, arg) u_char *p; int len; void (*printer) __P((void *, char *, ...)); void *arg; { int i, n; u_short proto; u_char x; if (len >= PPP_HDRLEN && p[0] == PPP_ALLSTATIONS && p[1] == PPP_UI) { p += 2; GETSHORT(proto, p); len -= PPP_HDRLEN; for (i = 0; i < N_PROTO; ++i) if (proto == prottbl[i].protocol) break; if (i < N_PROTO) { printer(arg, "[%s", prottbl[i].name); n = (*prottbl[i].printpkt)(p, len, printer, arg); printer(arg, "]"); p += n; len -= n; } else { printer(arg, "[proto=0x%x]", proto); } } for (; len > 0; --len) { GETCHAR(x, p); printer(arg, " %.2x", x); } } #ifdef __STDC__ #include void pr_log(void *arg, char *fmt, ...) { int n; va_list pvar; char buf[256]; va_start(pvar, fmt); vsprintf(buf, fmt, pvar); va_end(pvar); n = strlen(buf); if (linep + n + 1 > line + sizeof(line)) { syslog(LOG_DEBUG, "%s", line); linep = line; } strcpy(linep, buf); linep += n; } #else /* __STDC__ */ #include void pr_log(arg, fmt, va_alist) void *arg; char *fmt; va_dcl { int n; va_list pvar; char buf[256]; va_start(pvar); vsprintf(buf, fmt, pvar); va_end(pvar); n = strlen(buf); if (linep + n + 1 > line + sizeof(line)) { syslog(LOG_DEBUG, "%s", line); linep = line; } strcpy(linep, buf); linep += n; } #endif /* * print_string - print a readable representation of a string using * printer. */ void print_string(p, len, printer, arg) char *p; int len; void (*printer) __P((void *, char *, ...)); void *arg; { int c; printer(arg, "\""); for (; len > 0; --len) { c = *p++; if (' ' <= c && c <= '~') printer(arg, "%c", c); else printer(arg, "\\%.3o", c); } printer(arg, "\""); } /* * novm - log an error message saying we ran out of memory, and die. */ void novm(msg) char *msg; { syslog(LOG_ERR, "Virtual memory exhausted allocating %s\n", msg); die(1); }