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(ele)-.1 E(y)-.3 E(Mammoth Pr)251.98 195 Q(oject)-.45 E F1(ABSTRA)
262.085 227.4 Q(CT)-.4 E -1.11(Ve)112 243.6 S 1.709(rsion 8 of)1.11 F F2
(sendmail)4.209 E F1 1.709(includes a number of major changes from pre)
4.209 F 1.71(vious v)-.25 F(ersions.)-.15 E .701(This paper gi)112 255.6
R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.201(sav).15 G .701(ery short history of)-3.351 F F2
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F .954(ersion\) and v)-.15 F .954(ersion 8, and some dis-)-.15 F
(cussion of future directions.)112 279.6 Q .48
(In 1987, the author stopped major w)97 324 R .48(ork on)-.1 F F2
(sendmail)2.98 E F1 .48(due to other time committments, only to return)
2.98 F(to acti)72 336 Q .3 -.15(ve w)-.25 H(ork in 1991.).05 E
(This paper e)5 E(xplores wh)-.15 E 2.5(yw)-.05 G
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(orking on)-.1 F -.15(ve)72 364.2 S .126(rsion 8.).15 F .126(Section 2 has a rather detailed description of what has changed between v)
5.126 F .125(ersion 5 and v)-.15 F .125(ersion 8.)-.15 F
(The paper \214nishes of)72 376.2 Q 2.5(fw)-.25 G
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(delivermail)2.905 E F1 .404(in 4BSD and 4.1BSD, and as)2.905 F F2
(send-)2.904 E(mail)87 440.4 Q F1(in 4.2BSD.)2.5 E
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456.6 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.569(mber 1986, the author had left the Uni).15
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(industry)87 468.6 Q 3.347(,b)-.65 G .847(ut continued to do some w)
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(ntil ef)-3.346 F(fecti)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E .255
(stopping after February 1987.)87 480.6 R .255(There w)5.255 F .255
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(The Computer Systems Research Group \(CSRG\), the)5.66 F 1.89
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(During the 1987\25591 f)112 609 R(allo)-.1 E 2.523(wp)-.25 G .023
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87 621 Q F1 5.518(.P)C .517(erhaps the best kno)-5.518 F .517
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(ge set of patches for the code.)-.18 F .269(Originally produced in)
5.269 F .471(Sweden, ID)87 645 R 2.971(Ad)-.4 G -2.15 -.25(ev e)-2.971 H
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(rsity of Illinois, and w).15 F .47(as widely used by the f)-.1 F .47
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(set of people who prefer to get and compile their o)87 657 R .077
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(as printed in the Proceedings of the 1994 A)-.08 F .044
(UUG Queensland Summer T)-.44 F .044(echnical Conference,)-.56 F(Gate)72
700.2 Q -.08(wa)-.2 G 2(yH).08 G(otel, Brisbane, March 1994.)-2 E F3
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(In about the same time frame, attempts were made to clean up and e)112
96 R .151(xtend the Simple Mail T)-.15 F(rans-)-.35 E .468
(port Protocol \(SMTP\) [RFC821].)87 108 R .468(This in)5.468 F -.2(vo)
-.4 G(lv).2 E .469
(ed clari\214cations of some ambiguities in the protocol, and)-.15 F
.085(correction of some problem areas [RFC1123], as well as e)87 120 R
.084(xtensions for additional functionality \(dubbed)-.15 F 1.052
(Extended Simple Mail T)87 132 R 1.053
(ransport Protocol, or ESMTP\) [RFC1425, RFC1426, RFC1427] and a richer)
-.35 F 1.376(set of semantics in the body of messages \(the Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions, a.k.a. MIME\))
87 144 R .497([RFC1521, RFC1344].)87 156 R .497(Neither the ID)5.497 F
2.998(Ag)-.4 G .498(roup nor most v)-2.998 F .498(endors were modifying)
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F 1.7(to these ne)87 168 R 4.2(ws)-.25 G 4.2(tandards. It)-4.2 F 1.699
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('t)-.74 G 1.699(hat should be encouraged.)-4.199 F(Ho)87 180 Q(we)-.25
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(ime in the near future.)-2.5 E .466
(There are, of course, other mail transport agents a)112 208.2 R -.25
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F1(and)2.965 E F2(PP)2.965 E F1(Ho)87 220.2 Q(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G
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(ta)-2.543 G .043(ppeared that most compa-)-2.543 F .238(nies w)87 232.2
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(ime in the forseeable future.)-2.737 F(Ho)5.237 E(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)
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87 244.2 Q -.15(ve)-.4 G(rt to a ne).15 E(wer v)-.25 E(ersion of)-.15 E
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(skipped because of an agreement that all \214les in 4.4BSD w)87 300.6 R
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(5.67\) and the latest v)-2.5 E(ersion \(8.6.6\).)-.15 E(Man)112 393 Q
2.5(yo)-.15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(hese are ideas that had been tried in ID)
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(hem were generalized in V8.)-2.5 E F0 2.5(2.1. P)87 417 R(erf)-.2 E
(ormance Enhancements)-.25 E F1 .549
(Instead of closing SMTP connections immediately)127 433.2 R 3.049(,o)
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(future use.)102 445.2 R .029(There is a limit to the number of simultaneous open connections and the idle time of an)
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G .685(ery long time, particularly if there were name serv)-3.336 F(er)
-.15 E 3.891(delays. V)156 686.4 R 1.391(ersion 8 only checks for the e)
-1.11 F 1.392(xistence of an alias and does the e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.15 E
(later)156 698.4 Q 5.176(.I)-.55 G 2.676(td)-5.176 G .176
(oes still do a DNS lookup if there is an e)-2.676 F .175
(xplicit host name in the RCPT com-)-.15 F(mand, b)156 710.4 Q
(ut this time is bounded.)-.2 E EP
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/F0 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Changes in Sendmail V)72 60 Q(ersion 8)-1 E(3)
294.65 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF 26.5(\2475.2.8 Numeric)102 96 R .612
(IP addresses are logged in Recei)3.112 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .613(d: lines.)
.15 F .613(This helps tracing spoofed mes-)5.613 F(sages.)156 108 Q 21.5
(\2475.2.17 Self)102 124.2 R .127(domain literal is properly handled.)
2.627 F(Pre)5.126 E(viously)-.25 E 2.626(,i)-.65 G 2.626(fs)-2.626 G
.126(omeone sent to user@[1.2.3.4],)-2.626 F .12
(where 1.2.3.4 is your IP address, the mail w)156 136.2 R .12
(ould probably be rejected with a `)-.1 F(`con\214gu-)-.74 E
(ration error')156 148.2 Q 2.5('. V)-.74 F
(ersion 8 can handle these addresses.)-1.11 E 26.5(\2475.3.2 Better)102
164.4 R 1.189(control o)3.69 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.689(ri).15 G(ndi)-3.689
E 1.189(vidual timeouts.)-.25 F 1.189(RFC 821 speci\214ed no timeouts.)
6.189 F 1.189(Older v)6.189 F(er)-.15 E(-)-.2 E .002
(sions of sendmail had a single timeout, typically set to tw)156 176.4 R
2.502(oh)-.1 G 2.502(ours. V)-2.502 F .002(ersion 8 allo)-1.11 F .002
(ws the)-.25 F(con\214guration \214le to set timeouts for v)156 188.4 Q
(arious SMTP commands indi)-.25 E(vidually)-.25 E(.)-.65 E 26.5
(\2475.3.3 Error)102 204.6 R 1.06(messages are sent as From:<>.)3.56 F
1.059(This w)6.059 F 1.059(as ur)-.1 F 1.059
(ged by RFC 821 and reiterated by)-.18 F .237(RFC 1123, b)156 216.6 R
.237(ut older v)-.2 F .237(ersions of sendmail ne)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
2.737(rr).15 G .237(eally did it properly)-2.737 F 5.237(.V)-.65 G .238
(ersion 8 does.)-6.347 F(Ho)156 228.6 Q(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.934
-.4(r, s).15 H 1.134(ome systems cannot handle this perfectly le).4 F
-.05(ga)-.15 G 3.633(la).05 G 1.133(ddress; if necessary)-3.633 F 3.633
(,y)-.65 G(ou)-3.633 E
(can create a special mailer that uses the `g' \215ag to disable this.)
156 240.6 Q 26.5(\2475.3.3 Error)102 256.8 R 3.212(messages are ne)5.712
F -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.712(rs).15 G 3.212(ent to <>.)-5.712 F(Pre)8.213 E
(viously)-.25 E 5.713(,s)-.65 G 3.213(endmail w)-5.713 F 3.213(as happ)
-.1 F 5.713(yt)-.1 G 5.713(os)-5.713 G(end)-5.713 E 6(responses-to-responses which sometimes resulted in responses-to-responses-to-)
156 268.8 R(responses which resulted in ....)156 280.8 Q
(you get the idea.)5 E 26.5(\2475.3.3 Route-addrs)102 297 R .111
(\(the ugly `)2.611 F(`<@hosta,@hostb:user@hostc>')-.74 E 2.611('s)-.74
G .111(yntax\) are pruned.)-2.611 F .112(RFC 821)5.112 F(ur)156 309 Q
1.001(ged the use of this bletcherous syntax.)-.18 F 1
(RFC 1123 has seen the light and of)6.001 F(\214cially)-.25 E 1.124
(deprecates them, further ur)156 321 R 1.125
(ging that you eliminate all b)-.18 F 1.125(ut `)-.2 F(`user@hostc')-.74
E 3.625('s)-.74 G 1.125(hould you)-3.625 F(recei)156 333 Q 1.698 -.15
(ve o)-.25 H 1.398(ne of these things.).15 F -1.11(Ve)6.398 G 1.398
(rsion 8 is slightly more generous than the standards)1.11 F .753
(suggest; instead of stripping of)156 345 R 3.253(fa)-.25 G .753
(ll the route addressees, it only strips hosts of)-3.253 F 3.254(fu)-.25
G 3.254(pt)-3.254 G(o)-3.254 E 1.29(the one before the last one kno)156
357 R 1.289(wn to DNS, thus allo)-.25 F 1.289(wing you to ha)-.25 F
1.589 -.15(ve p)-.2 H(seudo-hosts).15 E(such as foo.BITNET)156 369 Q 5
(.T)-.74 G(he `R' option will turn this of)-5 E(f.)-.25 E
(The areas in which sendmail is not `)102 385.2 Q
(`unconditionally compliant')-.74 E 2.5('a)-.74 G(re:)-2.5 E 26.5
(\2475.2.6 Sendmail)102 401.4 R(does do header munging.)2.5 E 21.5
(\2475.2.10 Sendmail)102 417.6 R(doesn')3.2 E 3.2(ta)-.18 G -.1(lwa)-3.2
G .7(ys use the e).1 F .701(xact SMTP message te)-.15 F .701
(xt from RFC 821.)-.15 F .701(This is a)5.701 F
(rather silly requirement.)156 429.6 Q 19(\2475.3.1.1 Sendmail)102 445.8
R(doesn')3.512 E 3.512(tg)-.18 G 1.012
(uarantee only one connect for each host on queue runs.)-3.512 F
(Connec-)6.011 E(tion caching gi)156 457.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(sy).15 G
(ou most of this, b)-2.5 E(ut it does not pro)-.2 E(vide a guarantee.)
-.15 E 19(\2475.3.1.1 Sendmail)102 474 R(doesn')2.843 E 2.843(ta)-.18 G
-.1(lwa)-2.843 G .343(ys pro).1 F .343
(vide an adequate limit on concurrenc)-.15 F 4.144 -.65(y. T)-.15 H .344
(hat is, there can).65 F .757(be se)156 486 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .757
(ral independent sendmails running at once.).15 F .757
(My feeling is that doing an abso-)5.757 F 1.047(lute limit w)156 498 R
1.047(ould be a mistak)-.1 F 3.547(e\()-.1 G 1.048
(it might result in lost mail\).)-3.547 F(Ho)6.048 E(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)
-.25 G 1.848 -.4(r, i).15 H 3.548(fy).4 G 1.048(ou use the)-3.548 F .801
(XLA contrib)156 510 R .801(uted softw)-.2 F .801
(are, most of this will be guaranteed \(b)-.1 F .801(ut I don')-.2 F 3.3
(tg)-.18 G .8(uarantee the)-3.3 F(guarantee\).)156 522 Q F0 2.5
(2.3. Extended)87 546 R(SMTP Support)2.5 E F1 -1.11(Ve)127 562.2 S .154
(rsion 8 includes both sending and recei)1.11 F .155
(ving support for Extended SMTP support as de\214ned)-.25 F .229(by RFC 1425 \(basic\) and RFC 1427 \(SIZE\); and limited support for RFC 1426 \(BOD)
102 574.2 R 2.729(Y\). The)-.55 F(body)2.729 E .275(support is minimal because the \2318BITMIME\232 body type is not currently adv)
102 586.2 R 2.776(ertised. Although)-.15 F(such)2.776 E 3.076(ab)102
598.2 S .576(ody type will be accepted, it will not be correctly con)
-3.076 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .576(rted to 7 bits if speaking to a non-8-bit-)
.15 F(MIME a)102 610.2 Q -.1(wa)-.15 G(re SMTP serv).1 E(er)-.15 E(.)
-.55 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(Sendmail)127 626.4 Q F1 .287
(tries to speak ESMTP if you ha)2.787 F .588 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .288
(he `a' \215ag set in the \215ags for the mailer descrip-).15 F(tor)102
638.4 Q 3.322(,o)-.4 G 3.322(ri)-3.322 G 3.322(ft)-3.322 G .822
(he other end adv)-3.322 F .822(ertises the f)-.15 F .822
(act that it speaks ESMTP)-.1 F 5.822(.T)-1.11 G .821
(his is a non-standard adv)-5.822 F(ertise-)-.15 E(ment:)102 650.4 Q F2
(sendmail)2.98 E F1 .48(announces \231ESMTP spok)2.98 F .48
(en here\232 during the initial connection message, and client)-.1 F
.587(sendmails search for this message.)102 662.4 R .586
(This creates some problems for some PC-based mailers, which)5.586 F
(do not understand tw)102 674.4 Q
(o-line greeting messages as required by RFC 821.)-.1 E EP
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/F0 10/Times-Bold@0 SF 294.65(4C)72 60 S(hanges in Sendmail V)-294.65 E
(ersion 8)-1 E 2.5(2.4. Eight-Bit)87 96 R(Clean)2.5 E/F1 10
/Times-Roman@0 SF(Pre)127 112.2 Q 1.263(vious v)-.25 F 1.263
(ersions of sendmail used the 0200 bit for quoting.)-.15 F 1.264(This v)
6.264 F 1.264(ersion a)-.15 F -.2(vo)-.2 G 1.264(ids that use.).2 F(Ho)
102 124.2 Q(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.119 -.4(r, y).15 H .318
(ou can set option `7' to get se).4 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.818(nb).15 G .318
(it stripping for compatibility with RFC 821, which is)-2.818 F 2.5(a7)
102 136.2 S(-bit protocol.)-2.5 E(This option says `)5 E
(`strip to 7 bits on input')-.74 E('.)-.74 E(Indi)127 152.4 Q .375
(vidual mailers can still produce se)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.875(nb).15
G .376(it out put using the `7' mailer \215ag.)-2.875 F .376
(This \215ag says)5.376 F -.74(``)102 164.4 S
(strip to 7 bits on output').74 E('.)-.74 E F0 2.5(2.5. User)87 188.4 R
(Database)2.5 E F1 1.926(The User Database \(UDB\) is an as-yet e)127
204.6 R 1.926(xperimental attempt to pro)-.15 F 1.925
(vide uni\214ed lar)-.15 F(ge-site)-.18 E .396(name support.)102 216.6 R
1.996 -.8(We a)5.396 H .396(re installing it at Berk).8 F(ele)-.1 E .396
(y; future v)-.15 F .396(ersions may sho)-.15 F 2.897(ws)-.25 G .397
(igni\214cant modi\214cations.)-2.897 F(Brie\215y)102 228.6 Q 3.583(,U)
-.65 G 1.083
(DB contains a database that is intended to contain all the per)-3.583 F
1.082(-user information for your)-.2 F -.1(wo)102 240.6 S .172
(rkgroup, such as people').1 F 2.673(sf)-.55 G .173(ull names, their .plan information, their outgoing mail name, and their)
-2.673 F(mail drop.)102 252.6 Q .438(The user database allo)127 268.8 R
.438(ws you to map both incoming and outgoing addresses, much lik)-.25 F
2.937(eI)-.1 G -.4(DA)-2.937 G(.).4 E(Ho)102 280.8 Q(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)
-.25 G 1.799 -.4(r, t).15 H .999(he interf).4 F .999
(ace is still better with ID)-.1 F .999(A; in particular)-.4 F 3.499(,t)
-.4 G 1(he alias \214le with incoming/outgoing)-3.499 F(marks pro)102
292.8 Q(vides better locality of information.)-.15 E F0 2.5(2.6. Impr)87
316.8 R -.1(ove)-.18 G 2.5(dB).1 G(IND Support)-2.5 E F1 .262
(The BIND support, particularly for MX records, had a number of anno)127
333 R .261(ying `)-.1 F(`features')-.74 E 2.761('w)-.74 G(hich)-2.761 E
(ha)102 345 Q 1.212 -.15(ve b)-.2 H .912(een remo).15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G
3.412(di).15 G 3.412(nt)-3.412 G .912(his release.)-3.412 F .912
(In particular)5.912 F 3.412(,t)-.4 G .912
(hese more tightly bind \(pun intended\) the name)-3.412 F(serv)102 357
Q(er to sendmail, so that the name serv)-.15 E
(er resolution rules are incorporated directly into sendmail.)-.15 E
.688(The major change has been that the $[ ... $] operator didn')127
373.2 R 3.188(tf)-.18 G .688(ully qualify names that were in)-3.188 F
(DNS as A or MX records.)102 385.2 Q -1.11(Ve)5 G
(rsion 8 does this quali\214cation.)1.11 E .429(This has pro)127 401.4 R
-.15(ve)-.15 G 2.929(nt).15 G 2.929(ob)-2.929 G 2.929(ea)-2.929 G 2.929
(na)-2.929 G(nno)-2.929 E .43
(yance in Sun shops, who often still run without BIND support.)-.1 F(Ho)
102 413.4 Q(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.001 -.4(r, i).15 H 2.701(ti).4 G
2.701(sr)-2.701 G .201
(eally critical that this be supported, since MX records are mandatory)
-2.701 F 5.2(.I)-.65 G 2.7(nS)-5.2 G .2(unOS you)-2.7 F .101
(can choose either MX support or NIS support, b)102 425.4 R .101
(ut not both.)-.2 F .101(This is \214x)5.101 F .101
(ed in Solaris, and some)-.15 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(send-)2.602 E
(mail)102 437.4 Q F1(support to allo)2.5 E 2.5(wt)-.25 G
(his in SunOS should be forthcoming in a future release.)-2.5 E F0 2.5
(2.7. K)87 461.4 R(ey)-.25 E(ed Files)-.1 E F1 .242(Generalized k)127
477.6 R -.15(ey)-.1 G .242(ed \214les is an idea tak).15 F .241
(en directly from ID)-.1 F 2.741(As)-.4 G .241
(endmail \(albeit with a completely)-2.741 F(dif)102 489.6 Q
(ferent implementation\).)-.25 E(The)5 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G
(an be useful on lar)-2.5 E(ge sites.)-.18 E -1.11(Ve)127 505.8 S
(rsion 8 includes the follo)1.11 E(wing b)-.25 E(uilt-in map classes:)
-.2 E 33.72(dbm Support)102 522 R(for the ndbm\(3\) library)2.5 E(.)-.65
E 33.17(hash Support)102 538.2 R 1.229(for the `)3.729 F(`Hash')-.74 E
3.729('t)-.74 G 1.229(ype from the ne)-3.729 F 3.729(wB)-.25 G(erk)
-3.729 E(ele)-.1 E 3.729(yd)-.15 G 1.229(b\(3\) library)-3.729 F 6.23
(.t)-.65 G 1.23(his library pro-)-6.23 F 4.094(vides substantially better database support than ndbm\(3\), including in-memory)
156 550.2 R(caching, arbitrarily long k)156 562.2 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.5
(sa).15 G(nd v)-2.5 E(alues, and better disk utilization.)-.25 E 31.51
(btree Support)102 578.4 R .547(for the `)3.047 F(`B-T)-.74 E(ree')-.35
E 3.047('t)-.74 G .547(ype from the ne)-3.047 F 3.048(wB)-.25 G(erk)
-3.048 E(ele)-.1 E 3.048(yd)-.15 G .548(b\(3\) library)-3.048 F 5.548
(.B)-.65 G(-T)-5.548 E .548(rees pro)-.35 F(vide)-.15 E .521(better clustering than Hashed \214les if you are fetching lots of records that ha)
156 590.4 R .821 -.15(ve s)-.2 H(imilar).15 E -.1(ke)156 602.4 S
(ys, such as searching a dictionary for w)-.05 E(ords be)-.1 E
(ginning with `)-.15 E(`detr')-.74 E('.)-.74 E 39.83(nis Support)102
618.6 R(for NIS \(a.k.a. YP\) maps.)2.5 E
(NIS+ is not supported in this v)5 E(ersion.)-.15 E 34.83(host Support)
102 634.8 R(for DNS lookups.)2.5 E 19.84(dequote A)102 651 R -.74(``)
2.642 G(pseudo-map').74 E 2.642('\()-.74 G .142
(that is, once that does not ha)-2.642 F .442 -.15(ve a)-.2 H .442 -.15
(ny ex).15 H .142(ternal data\) that allo).15 F .142(ws a con-)-.25 F
.099(\214guration \214le to break apart a quoted string in the address.)
156 663 R .098(This is necessary primarily)5.098 F .726
(for DECnet addresses, which often ha)156 675 R 1.026 -.15(ve q)-.2 H
.726(uoted addresses that need to be unwrapped).15 F(on g)156 687 Q(ate)
-.05 E -.1(wa)-.25 G(ys.).1 E EP
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/F0 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Changes in Sendmail V)72 60 Q(ersion 8)-1 E(5)
294.65 E 2.5(2.8. Multi-W)87 96 R(ord Classes & Macr)-.75 E
(os in Classes)-.18 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(Classes can no)127 112.2 Q
2.5(wb)-.25 G 2.5(em)-2.5 G(ultiple w)-2.5 E 2.5(ords. F)-.1 F(or e)-.15
E(xample,)-.15 E(CShofmann.CS.Berk)142 128.4 Q(ele)-.1 E -.65(y.)-.15 G
(EDU).65 E(allo)102 144.6 Q 2.395(ws you to match the entire string `)
-.25 F(`hofmann.CS.Berk)-.74 E(ele)-.1 E -.65(y.)-.15 G(EDU').65 E 4.894
('u)-.74 G 2.394(sing the single construct)-4.894 F -.74(``)102 156.6 S
($=S').74 E('.)-.74 E(Class de\214nitions are no)127 172.8 Q 2.5(wa)-.25
G(llo)-2.5 E(wed to include macros \212 for e)-.25 E(xample:)-.15 E
(Cw$k)142 189 Q(is le)102 205.2 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G(l.).05 E F0 2.5
(2.9. IDENT)87 229.2 R(Pr)2.5 E(otocol Support)-.18 E F1 .633
(The IDENT protocol as de\214ned in RFC 1413 [RFC1413] is supported.)127
245.4 R(Ho)5.633 E(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.433 -.4(r, m).15 H(an).4 E
3.134(ys)-.15 G(ys-)-3.134 E .909(tems ha)102 257.4 R 1.209 -.15(ve a T)
-.2 H .909(CP/IP b).15 F .908
(ug that renders this useless, and the feature must be turned of)-.2 F
3.408(f. Roughly)-.25 F 3.408(,i)-.65 G(f)-3.408 E 8.538
(one of these system recei)102 269.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 11.038(sa\231).15
G 8.539(No route to host\232 message \(ICMP message)-11.038 F
(ICMP_UNREA)102 281.4 Q .829(CH_HOST\) on)-.4 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF
(any)3.329 E F1 .828
(connection, all connections to that host are closed.)3.329 F .828
(Some \214re-)5.828 F -.1(wa)102 293.4 S .087(lls return this error if you try to connect to the IDENT port, so you can')
.1 F 2.587(tr)-.18 G(ecei)-2.587 E .387 -.15(ve e)-.25 H .087
(mail from these).15 F 1.712(hosts on these systems.)102 305.4 R(It')
6.712 E 4.212(sp)-.55 G 1.712(ossible that if the \214re)-4.212 F -.1
(wa)-.25 G 1.712(ll used a more speci\214c message \(such as).1 F
(ICMP_UNREA)102 317.4 Q(CH_PR)-.4 E -1.88 -.4(OT O)-.4 H 4.316
(COL, ICMP_UNREA).4 F(CH_POR)-.4 E 6.817(To)-.6 G 6.817(rI)-6.817 G
(CMP_UNREA)-6.817 E(CH_NET_PR)-.4 E(O-)-.4 E(HIB\) it w)102 329.4 Q
(ould w)-.1 E(ork, b)-.1 E(ut this hasn')-.2 E 2.5(tb)-.18 G(een v)-2.5
E(eri\214ed.)-.15 E .678(IDENT protocol support cannot be used on 4.3BSD, Apollo DomainOS, Apple A/UX, Con-)
127 345.6 R -.15(vex)102 357.6 S .949
(OS, Data General DG/UX, HP-UX, Sequent Dynix, or Ultrix 4.x, x).15 F/F3
10/Symbol SF<a3>3.449 E F1 3.449(3. It)3.449 F .949(seems to w)3.449 F
.949(ork on)-.1 F
(4.4BSD, IBM AIX 3.x, OSF/1, SGI IRIX, Solaris, SunOS, and Ultrix 4.4.)
102 369.6 Q F0 2.5(2.10. Separate)87 393.6 R(En)2.5 E -.1(ve)-.4 G
(lope/Header Pr).1 E(ocessing)-.18 E F1 .854
(Since the From: line is passed in separately from the en)127 409.8 R
-.15(ve)-.4 G .854(lope sender).15 F 3.354(,t)-.4 G .854(hese ha)-3.354
F 1.154 -.15(ve b)-.2 H .854(oth been).15 F .427
(made visible; the $g macro is set to the en)102 421.8 R -.15(ve)-.4 G
.428(lope sender during processing of mailer ar).15 F .428(gument v)-.18
F(ec-)-.15 E(tors and the header sender during processing of headers.)
102 433.8 Q .085(It is also possible to specify separate per)127 450 R
.085(-mailer en)-.2 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .084(lope and header processing.).15
F .084(The Sender)5.084 F(-)-.2 E -.55(RW)102 462 S 1.085
(Set and RecipientR).55 F 1.085(Wset ar)-.55 F 1.085
(guments for mailers can be speci\214ed as `)-.18 F(`en)-.74 E -.15(ve)
-.4 G(lope/header').15 E 3.585('t)-.74 G 3.585(og)-3.585 G -2.15 -.25
(iv e)-3.585 H(dif)102 474 Q(ferent re)-.25 E(writings for en)-.25 E
-.15(ve)-.4 G(lope v).15 E(ersus header addresses.)-.15 E F0 2.5
(2.11. Owner)87 498 R(-List Pr)-.37 E(opagates to En)-.18 E -.1(ve)-.4 G
(lope).1 E F1 1.168(When an alias has an associated o)127 514.2 R(wner)
-.25 E 1.168(-list name, that alias is used to change the en)-.2 F -.15
(ve)-.4 G(lope).15 E(sender address.)102 526.2 Q(This will cause do)5 E
(wnstream errors to be returned to that o)-.25 E(wner)-.25 E(.)-.55 E
1.813(Some people \214nd this confusing because the en)127 542.4 R -.15
(ve)-.4 G 1.813(lope sender is what appears in the \214rst).15 F -.74
(``)102 554.4 S(From_').74 E 3.127('l)-.74 G .627
(ine in UNIX messages \(that is, the line be)-3.127 F .627(ginning `)
-.15 F(`From<space>')-.74 E 3.127('i)-.74 G .627(nstead of `)-3.127 F
(`From:')-.74 E(';)-.74 E .502(the latter is the header from, which)102
566.4 R F2(does)3.002 E F1 .503(indicate the sender of the message\).)
3.002 F .503(In pre)5.503 F .503(vious v)-.25 F(ersions,)-.15 E F2
(sendmail)102 578.4 Q F1 .057(has tried to a)2.557 F -.2(vo)-.2 G .057
(id changing the en).2 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .056
(lope sender for back compatibility with UNIX con).15 F -.15(ve)-.4 G
(n-).15 E .177
(tion; at this point that back compatibility is creating too man)102
590.4 R 2.678(yp)-.15 G .178(roblems, and it is necessary to mo)-2.678 F
-.15(ve)-.15 G(forw)102 602.4 Q(ard into the 1980s.)-.1 E F0 2.5
(2.12. Command)87 626.4 R(Line Flags)2.5 E F1(The)127 642.6 Q F0<ad42>
2.5 E F1(\215ag has been added to pass in body type information.)2.5 E
(The)127 658.8 Q F0<ad70>3.057 E F1 .557
(\215ag has been added to pass in protocol information that w)3.057 F
.557(as pre)-.1 F .556(viously passed in by)-.25 F(de\214ning the)102
670.8 Q F0($r)2.5 E F1(and)2.5 E F0($s)2.5 E F1(macros.)2.5 E(The)127
687 Q F0<ad58>2.6 E F1 .1(\215ag has been added to allo)2.6 F 2.6(wl)
-.25 G .1(ogging of all protocol in and out of sendmail for deb)-2.6 F
(ug-)-.2 E 2.732(ging. Y)102 699 R .232(ou can set \231\255X \214lename\232 and a complete transcript will be logged in that \214le.)
-1.1 F .231(This gets big)5.231 F -.1(fa)102 711 S
(st: the option is only for deb).1 E(ugging.)-.2 E EP
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/F0 10/Times-Bold@0 SF 294.65(6C)72 60 S(hanges in Sendmail V)-294.65 E
(ersion 8)-1 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(The)127 96 Q F0<ad71>4.006 E F1
1.507(\215ag can limit limit a queue run to speci\214c recipients, senders, or queue ids using)
4.006 F(\255qRsubstring, \255qSsubstring, or \255qIsubstring respecti)
102 108 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E(.)-.65 E F0 2.5(2.13. New)87 132 R
(Con\214guration Line T)2.5 E(ypes)-.74 E F1 .674(The `T' \(T)127 148.2
R .674(rusted users\) con\214guration line has been deleted.)-.35 F .674
(It will still be accepted b)5.674 F .674(ut will)-.2 F(be ignored.)102
160.2 Q(The `K' line has been added to declare database maps.)127 176.4
Q(The `V' line has been added to declare the con\214guration v)127 192.6
Q(ersion le)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(l.).15 E(The `M' \(mailer\) line tak)
127 208.8 Q(es a D= \214eld to specify e)-.1 E -.15(xe)-.15 G
(cution directory).15 E(.)-.65 E F0 2.5(2.14. New)87 232.8 R
(and Extended Options)2.5 E F1(Se)127 249 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .9(ral ne).15
F 3.4(wo)-.25 G .9(ptions ha)-3.4 F 1.2 -.15(ve b)-.2 H .9
(een added, man).15 F 3.4(yt)-.15 G 3.4(os)-3.4 G .9(upport ne)-3.4 F
3.4(wf)-.25 G .9(eatures, others to allo)-3.4 F 3.4(wt)-.25 G(uning)-3.4
E(that w)102 261 Q(as pre)-.1 E(viously a)-.25 E -.25(va)-.2 G
(ilable only by recompiling.).25 E(Brie\215y:)5 E 28.78(AT)102 277.2 S
.099(he alias \214le speci\214cation can no)-28.78 F 2.599(wb)-.25 G
2.599(eal)-2.599 G .099(ist of alias \214les.)-2.599 F .098
(Also, the con\214guration can spec-)5.099 F(ify a class of \214le.)138
289.2 Q -.15(Fo)5 G 2.5(re).15 G
(xample, to search the NIS aliases, use \231O)-2.65 E
(Anis:mail.aliases\232.)-.35 E 31(bI)102 305.4 S
(nsist on a minimum number of disk blocks.)-31 E 29.33(CD)102 321.6 S
(eli)-29.33 E -.15(ve)-.25 G .24(ry checkpoint interv).15 F 2.74
(al. Checkpoint)-.25 F .24(the queue \(to a)2.74 F -.2(vo)-.2 G .24
(id duplicate deli).2 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .24(ries\) e).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
.24(ry C).15 F(addresses.)138 333.6 Q 29.89(ED)102 349.8 S(ef)-29.89 E
.712(ault error message.)-.1 F .711
(This message \(or the contents of the indicated \214le\) are prepended)
5.712 F(to error messages.)138 361.8 Q 28.78(GE)102 378 S .785
(nable GECOS matching.)-28.78 F .785(If you can')5.785 F 3.285<748c>-.18
G .786(nd a local user name and this option is enabled,)-3.285 F .59
(do a sequential scan of the passwd \214le to match ag)138 390 R .589
(ainst full names.)-.05 F(Pre)5.589 E .589(viously a compile)-.25 F
(option.)138 402 Q 31(hM)102 418.2 S(aximum hop count.)-31 E(Pre)5 E
(viously this w)-.25 E(as compiled in.)-.1 E 32.67(IT)102 434.4 S
(his option has been e)-32.67 E(xtended to allo)-.15 E 2.5(ws)-.25 G
(etting of resolv)-2.5 E(er parameters.)-.15 E 33.22(jS)102 450.6 S
(end errors in MIME-encapsulated format.)-33.22 E 32.11(JF)102 466.8 S
(orw)-32.26 E(ard \214le path.)-.1 E(Where to search for .forw)5 E
(ard \214les \212 def)-.1 E(aults to $HOME/.forw)-.1 E(ard.)-.1 E 31(kC)
102 483 S .05(onnection cache size.)-31 F .05
(The total number of connections that will be k)5.05 F .05
(ept open at an)-.1 F 2.55(yt)-.15 G(ime.)-2.55 E 28.78(KC)102 499.2 S
1.395(onnection cache lifetime.)-28.78 F 1.395(The amount of time an)
6.395 F 3.895(yc)-.15 G 1.394(onnection will be permitted to sit)-3.895
F(idle.)138 511.2 Q 33.22(lE)102 527.4 S .333(nable Errors-T)-33.22 F
.333(o: header)-.8 F 5.334(.T)-.55 G .334
(hese headers violate RFC 1123; this option is included to pro-)-5.334 F
(vide back compatibility with old v)138 539.4 Q(ersions of sendmail.)
-.15 E 28.78(OI)102 555.6 S
(ncoming daemon options \(e.g., use alternate SMTP port\).)-28.78 E 31
(pP)102 571.8 S(ri)-31 E -.25(va)-.25 G .3 -.15(cy o).25 H 2.5
(ptions. These).15 F(can be used to mak)2.5 E 2.5(ey)-.1 G
(our SMTP serv)-2.5 E(er less friendly)-.15 E(.)-.65 E 32.67(rT)102 588
S .67(his option has been e)-32.67 F .67(xtended to allo)-.15 F 3.17
<778c>-.25 G .67(ner grained control o)-3.17 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.17(rt)
.15 G 3.17(imeouts. F)-3.17 F .67(or e)-.15 F(xample,)-.15 E
(you can set the timeout for SMTP commands indi)138 600 Q(vidually)-.25
E(.)-.65 E 29.33(RD)102 616.2 S(on')-29.33 E 11.797(tp)-.18 G 9.297
(rune route-addrs.)-11.797 F(Normally)14.297 E 11.797(,i)-.65 G 11.797
(fv)-11.797 G 9.297(ersion 8 sees an address lik)-11.947 F(e)-.1 E 1.256
("<@hostA,@hostB:user@hostC>, sendmail will try to strip of)138 628.2 R
3.755(fa)-.25 G 3.755(sm)-3.755 G 1.255(uch as it can \(up to)-3.755 F
(user@hostC\) as suggested by RFC 1123.)138 640.2 Q
(This option disables that beha)5 E(viour)-.2 E(.)-.55 E 29.89(TT)102
656.4 S 1.485(he \231Return T)-29.89 F 3.985(oS)-.8 G 1.485
(ender\232 timeout has been e)-3.985 F 1.485(xtended to allo)-.15 F
3.986(ws)-.25 G 1.486(peci\214cation of a w)-3.986 F(arning)-.1 E .789
(message interv)138 668.4 R .789
(al, typically something on the order of four hours.)-.25 F .788
(If a message cannot be)5.788 F(deli)138 680.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.245
(red in that interv).15 F 1.245(al, a w)-.25 F 1.245
(arning message is sent back to the sender b)-.1 F 1.246(ut the message)
-.2 F(continues to be tried.)138 692.4 Q 28.78(UU)102 708.6 S
(ser database spec.)-28.78 E(This is still e)5 E(xperimental.)-.15 E EP
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/F0 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Changes in Sendmail V)72 60 Q(ersion 8)-1 E(7)
294.65 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF 28.78(VF)102 96 S .758(allback `)-28.93
F(`MX')-.74 E 3.258('h)-.74 G 3.258(ost. This)-3.258 F .757
(can be thought of as an MX host that applies to all addresses)3.258 F
(that has a v)138 108 Q(ery high preference v)-.15 E
(alue \(that is, use it only if e)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(rything else f)
.15 E(ails\).)-.1 E 28.78(wI)102 124.2 S 3.066(fs)-28.78 G .566(et, assume that if you are the best MX host for a host, you should send directly to that)
-3.066 F 3.213(host. This)138 136.2 R .713
(is intended for compatibility with UIUC sendmail, and may ha)3.213 F
1.013 -.15(ve s)-.2 H .712(ome use on).15 F(\214re)138 148.2 Q -.1(wa)
-.25 G(lls.).1 E 31(7D)102 164.4 S 2.758(on)-31 G .258
(ot run eight bit clean.)-2.758 F -.7(Te)5.258 G(chnically).7 E 2.758
(,y)-.65 G .258(ou ha)-2.758 F .558 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 2.758(oa).15 G .259
(ssert this option to be RFC 821 com-)-2.758 F(patible.)138 176.4 Q F0
2.5(2.15. New)87 200.4 R(Mailer De\214nitions)2.5 E F1 21.75(L= Set)102
216.6 R .93(the allo)3.43 F -.1(wa)-.25 G .93(ble line length.).1 F .93
(In V5, the L mailer \215ag implied a line length limit of 990)5.93 F
(characters; this is no)138 228.6 Q 2.5(ws)-.25 G
(ettable to an arbitrary v)-2.5 E(alue.)-.25 E 17.86(F=a T)102 244.8 R
(ry to use ESMTP)-.35 E 5(.I)-1.11 G 2.5(tw)-5 G(ill f)-2.5 E
(all back to SMTP if the initial EHLO pack)-.1 E(et is rejected.)-.1 E
17.3(F=b Ensure)102 261 R 2.5(ab)2.5 G
(lank line at the end of messages.)-2.5 E(Useful on the *\214le* mailer)
5 E(.)-.55 E 17.86(F=c Strip)102 277.2 R .68(all comments from addresses; this should only be used as a last resort when dealing)
3.18 F(with crank)138 289.2 Q 2.5(ym)-.15 G(ailers.)-2.5 E 17.3(F=g Ne)
102 305.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.88(ru).15 G .38
(se the null sender as the en)-2.88 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .379(lope sender).15
F 2.879(,e)-.4 G -.15(ve)-3.129 G 2.879(nw).15 G .379(hen running SMTP)
-2.879 F 5.379(.T)-1.11 G .379(his violates)-5.379 F(RFC 1123.)138 317.4
Q 17.3(F=7 Strip)102 333.6 R(all output to this mailer to 7 bits.)2.5 E
16.19(F=L Used)102 349.8 R .198
(to set the line limit to 990 bytes for SMTP compatibility)2.697 F 5.198
(.I)-.65 G 2.698(tn)-5.198 G .698 -.25(ow d)-2.698 H .198
(oes that only if the).25 F(L= k)138 361.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G
(letter is not speci\214ed.).15 E
(This \215ag is obsolete and should not be used.)5 E F0 2.5(2.16. New)87
385.8 R(or Changed Pr)2.5 E(e-De\214ned Macr)-.18 E(os)-.18 E F1 23.5
($k UUCP)102 402 R(node name from uname\(2\).)2.5 E 20.72($m Domain)102
418.2 R(part of our full hostname.)2.5 E 23.5($_ RFC)102 434.4 R
(1413-pro)2.5 E(vided sender address.)-.15 E 21.28($w Pre)102 450.6 R
.148(viously w)-.25 F .148
(as sometimes the full domain name, sometimes just the \214rst w)-.1 F
2.647(ord. No)-.1 F 2.647(wg)-.25 G(uar)-2.647 E(-)-.2 E
(anteed to be the \214rst w)138 462.6 Q
(ord of the domain name \(i.e., the host name\).)-.1 E 25.72($j Pre)102
478.8 R .193(viously had to be de\214ned \212 it is no)-.25 F 2.693(wp)
-.25 G .194(rede\214ned to be the full domain name, if that can)-2.693 F
(be determined.)138 490.8 Q(That is, it is equi)5 E -.25(va)-.25 G
(lent to $w).25 E(.$m.)-.65 E F0 2.5(2.17. New)87 514.8 R
(and Changed Classes)2.5 E F1 17.86($=k Initialized)102 531 R
(to contain $k.)2.5 E 15.64($=w No)102 547.2 R 3.069(wi)-.25 G .569
(ncludes \231[1.2.3.4]\232 \(where 1.2.3.4 is your IP address\) to allo)
-3.069 F 3.068(wt)-.25 G .568(he con\214guration \214le)-3.068 F
(to recognize your o)138 559.2 Q(wn IP address.)-.25 E F0 2.5(2.18. New)
87 583.2 R(Rewriting T)2.5 E(ok)-.92 E(ens)-.1 E F1(The)127 599.4 Q F0
($&)3.25 E F1 .75(construct has been adopted from ID)3.25 F 3.25(At)-.4
G 3.25(od)-3.25 G .75(efer macro e)-3.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G 3.25
(luation. Normally).25 F 3.25(,m)-.65 G(acros)-3.25 E .476
(in rulesets are bound when the rule is \214rst parsed during startup.)
102 611.4 R .476(Some macros change during pro-)5.476 F .046
(cessing and are uninteresting during startup.)102 623.4 R(Ho)5.046 E
(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G .846 -.4(r, t).15 H .047
(hat macro can be referenced using \231$&x\232 to).4 F(defer the e)102
635.4 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(ulation of $x until the rule is processed.).25 E
(The tok)127 651.6 Q(ens)-.1 E F0($\()2.5 E F1(and)2.5 E F0($\))2.5 E F1
(ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H(een added to allo).15 E 2.5(ws)-.25 G
(peci\214cation of map re)-2.5 E(writing.)-.25 E -1.11(Ve)127 667.8 S
1.499(rsion 8 allo)1.11 F(ws)-.25 E F0($@)3.999 E F1 1.499
(on the Left Hand Side of an `R' line to match zero tok)3.999 F 3.998
(ens. This)-.1 F(is)3.998 E
(intended to be used to match the null input.)102 679.8 Q EP
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/F0 10/Times-Bold@0 SF 294.65(8C)72 60 S(hanges in Sendmail V)-294.65 E
(ersion 8)-1 E 2.5(2.19. Bigger)87 96 R(Defaults)2.5 E/F1 10
/Times-Roman@0 SF -1.11(Ve)127 112.2 S 1.283(rsion 8 allo)1.11 F 1.284
(ws up to 100 rulesets instead of 30.)-.25 F 1.284
(It is recommended that rulesets 0\2559 be)6.284 F(reserv)102 124.2 Q
(ed for sendmail')-.15 E 2.5(sd)-.55 G(edicated use in future releases.)
-2.5 E
(The total number of MX records that can be used has been raised to 20.)
127 140.4 Q .335(The number of queued messages that can be handled at one time has been raised from 600 to)
127 156.6 R(1000.)102 168.6 Q F0 2.5(2.20. Differ)87 192.6 R
(ent Default T)-.18 E(uning P)-.92 E(arameters)-.1 E F1 -1.11(Ve)127
208.8 S .8(rsion 8 has changed the def)1.11 F .8
(ault parameters for tuning queue costs to mak)-.1 F 3.3(et)-.1 G .8
(he number of)-3.3 F .712(recipients more important than the size of the message \(for small messages\).)
102 220.8 R .712(This is reasonable if)5.712 F
(you are connected with reasonably f)102 232.8 Q(ast links.)-.1 E F0 2.5
(2.21. A)87 256.8 R(uto-Quoting in Addr)-.5 E(esses)-.18 E F1(Pre)127
273 Q(viously)-.25 E 3.2(,t)-.65 G .701(he `)-3.2 F .701
(`Full Name <email address>')-.74 F 3.201('s)-.74 G .701(yntax w)-3.201
F .701(ould generate incorrect protocol out-)-.1 F .006(put if `)102 285
R .006(`Full Name')-.74 F 2.506('h)-.74 G .006
(ad special characters such as dot.)-2.506 F .005(This v)5.006 F .005
(ersion puts quotes around such names.)-.15 F F0 2.5(2.22. Symbolic)87
309 R(Names On Err)2.5 E(or Mailer)-.18 E F1(Se)127 325.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25
G(ral names ha).15 E .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H(een b).15 E
(uilt in to the $@ portion of the $#error mailer)-.2 E 5(.F)-.55 G(or e)
-5.15 E(xample:)-.15 E($#error $@NOHOST $: Host unkno)142 341.4 Q(wn)
-.25 E(Prints the indicated message and sets the e)102 357.6 Q
(xit status of)-.15 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(sendmail)2.5 E F1(to)2.5 E
/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(EX_NOHOST)2.5 E F1(.)A F0 2.5(2.23. New)87 381.6
R(Built-In Mailers)2.5 E F1 -1 -.8(Tw o)127 397.8 T(ne)3.901 E 3.101(wm)
-.25 G .601(ailers, *\214le* and *include*, are included to de\214ne options when mailing to a \214le)
-3.101 F(or a :include: \214le respecti)102 409.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly)
.15 E 5(.P)-.65 G(re)-5 E(viously these were o)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G
(rloaded on the local mailer).15 E(.)-.55 E F0 2.5(2.24. SMTP)87 433.8 R
(VRFY Doesn't Expand)2.5 E F1(Pre)127 450 Q 1.438(vious v)-.25 F 1.438
(ersions of sendmail treated VRFY and EXPN the same.)-.15 F 1.437
(In this v)6.437 F 1.437(ersion, VRFY)-.15 F(doesn')102 462 Q 2.5(te)
-.18 G(xpand aliases or follo)-2.65 E 2.5(w.)-.25 G(forw)-2.5 E
(ard \214les.)-.1 E .663(As an optimization, if you run with your def)
127 478.2 R .664(ault deli)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .664
(ry mode being queue-only).15 F 3.164(,t)-.65 G .664(he RCPT)-3.164 F
1.09(command will also not chase aliases and .forw)102 490.2 R 1.09
(ard \214les.)-.1 F 1.09(It will chase them when it processes the)6.09 F
2.5(queue. This)102 502.2 R(speeds up RCPT processing.)2.5 E F0 2.5
(2.25. [IPC])87 526.2 R(Mailers Allo)2.5 E 2.5(wM)-.1 G(ultiple Hosts)
-2.5 E F1 .099(When an address resolv)127 542.4 R .099
(es to a mailer that has `)-.15 F(`[IPC]')-.74 E 2.599('a)-.74 G 2.6(si)
-2.599 G .1(ts `)-2.6 F(`P)-.74 E(ath')-.15 E .1
(', the $@ part \(host name\))-.74 F .138
(can be a colon-separated list of hosts instead of a single hostname.)
102 554.4 R .137(This asks sendmail to search the)5.137 F .16
(list for the \214rst entry that is a)102 566.4 R -.25(va)-.2 G .16
(ilable e).25 F .161(xactly as though it were an MX record.)-.15 F .161
(The intent is to route)5.161 F .738(internal traf)102 578.4 R .738
(\214c through internal netw)-.25 F .738
(orks without publishing an MX record to the net.)-.1 F .737(MX e)5.737
F(xpan-)-.15 E(sion is still done on the indi)102 590.4 Q(vidual items.)
-.25 E F0 2.5(2.26. Aliases)87 614.4 R(Extended)2.5 E F1 .298
(The implementation has been mer)127 630.6 R .298(ged with maps.)-.18 F
.299(Among other things, this supports multiple)5.298 F
(alias \214les and NIS-based aliases.)102 642.6 Q -.15(Fo)5 G 2.5(re).15
G(xample:)-2.65 E -.35(OA)142 658.8 S(/etc/aliases,nis:mail.aliases).35
E(will search \214rst the local database \231/etc/aliases\232 follo)102
675 Q(wed by the NIS map)-.25 E EP
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/F0 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Changes in Sendmail V)72 60 Q(ersion 8)-1 E(9)
294.65 E 2.5(2.27. P)87 96 R(ortability and Security Enhancements)-.2 E
/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF 2.5(An)127 112.2 S(umber of internal changes ha)
-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H(een made to enhance portability).15 E(.)-.65 E
(Se)127 128.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(ral \214x).15 E(es ha)-.15 E .3 -.15
(ve b)-.2 H(een made to increase the paranoia f).15 E(actor)-.1 E(.)-.55
E .46(In particular)127 144.6 R 2.96(,t)-.4 G .46
(he permissions required for .forw)-2.96 F .46
(ard and :include: \214les ha)-.1 F .76 -.15(ve b)-.2 H .46
(een tightened up).15 F(considerably)102 156.6 Q 5.182(.V)-.65 G 2.683
(5w)-5.182 G .183(ould pretty much read an)-2.783 F 2.683<798c>-.15 G
.183(le it could get to as root, which e)-2.683 F .183
(xposed some secu-)-.15 F 1.02(rity holes.)102 168.6 R 1.02
(V8 insists that all directories leading up to the .forw)6.02 F 1.02
(ard or :include: \214le be searchable)-.1 F .334
(\("x" permission\) by the controlling user" \(de\214ned belo)102 180.6
R .335(w\), that the \214le itself be readable by the con-)-.25 F
(trolling user)102 192.6 Q 2.5(,a)-.4 G(nd that .forw)-2.5 E
(ard \214les be o)-.1 E(wned by the user who is being forw)-.25 E
(arded to or root.)-.1 E .565(The "controlling user" is the user on whose behalf the mail is being deli)
127 208.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.065(red. F).15 F .565(or e)-.15 F(xample,)
-.15 E .459
(if you mail to "user1" then the controlling user for ~user1/.forw)102
220.8 R .46(ard and an)-.1 F 2.96(ym)-.15 G .46(ailers in)-2.96 F -.2
(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.96(db).1 G 2.96(yt)-2.96 G(hat)-2.96 E(.forw)102
232.8 Q(ard \214le, including :include: \214les.)-.1 E(Pre)127 249 Q
(viously)-.25 E 2.816(,a)-.65 G -.15(ny)-2.816 G .316
(one who had a home directory could create a .forw).15 F .316
(ard could forw)-.1 F .316(ard to a pro-)-.1 F 2.965(gram. No)102 261 R
1.765 -.65(w, s)-.25 H .466(endmail checks to mak).65 F 2.966(es)-.1 G
.466(ure that the)-2.966 F 2.966(yh)-.15 G -2.25 -.2(av e)-2.966 H .466
(an "appro)3.166 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.966(ds).15 G .466
(hell", that is, a shell listed)-2.966 F(in the /etc/shells \214le.)102
273 Q F0 2.5(2.28. Miscellaneous)87 297 R(Fixes and Enhancements)2.5 E
F1 4.03(An)127 313.2 S 1.53(umber of small b)-4.03 F 1.53(ugs ha)-.2 F
1.53(ving to do with things lik)-.2 F 4.03(eb)-.1 G 1.53
(ackslash-escaped quotes inside of)-4.03 F(comments ha)102 325.2 Q .3
-.15(ve b)-.2 H(een \214x).15 E(ed.)-.15 E 1.552(The \214x)127 341.4 R
1.552(ed size limit on header lines \(such as \231T)-.15 F 1.553
(o:\232 and \231Cc:\232\) has been eliminated; those)-.8 F -.2(bu)102
353.4 S -.25(ff).2 G(ers are dynamically allocated no).25 E -.65(w.)-.25
G .289(Sendmail writes a /etc/sendmail.pid \214le with the current process id and the current in)
127 369.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G(cation).2 E(\215ags.)102 381.6 Q -1 -.8(Tw o)
127 397.8 T .218
(people using the same program \(e.g., submit\) are considered "dif)
3.518 F .219(ferent" so that duplicate)-.25 F .508(elimination doesn')
102 409.8 R 3.008(td)-.18 G .508(elete one of them.)-3.008 F -.15(Fo)
5.508 G 3.008(re).15 G .508(xample, tw)-3.158 F 3.008(op)-.1 G .508
(eople forw)-3.008 F .508(arding their email to |submit)-.1 F
(will be treated as tw)102 421.8 Q 2.5(or)-.1 G(ecipients.)-2.5 E .721(The mailstats program prints mailer names and gets the location of the sendmail.st \214le from)
127 438 R(/etc/sendmail.cf.)102 450 Q(Man)127 466.2 Q 2.5(ym)-.15 G
(inor b)-2.5 E(ugs ha)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H(een \214x).15 E
(ed, such as handling of backslashes inside of quotes.)-.15 E 2.5(Ah)127
482.4 S(ook has been added to allo)-2.5 E 2.5(wr)-.25 G -.25(ew)-2.5 G
(riting of local addresses after aliasing.).25 E F0 2.5(3. FUTURE)72
506.4 R -.1(WO)2.5 G(RK).1 E F1 1.719(The pre)112 522.6 R 1.719
(vious section describes)-.25 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(sendmail)4.219 E
F1 1.719(as of v)4.219 F 1.719(ersion 8.6.6.)-.15 F 1.718
(There is still much to be done.)6.719 F
(Some high points are described belo)87 534.6 Q 3.8 -.65(w. T)-.25 H
(his list is by no means e).65 E(xhausti)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E
F0 2.5(3.1. Full)87 558.6 R(MIME Support)2.5 E F1(Currently)127 574.8 Q
F2(sendmail)3.305 E F1 .805(only supports se)3.305 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
3.305(nb).15 G .805(it MIME messages.)-3.305 F .806
(Although it can pass eight bit)5.805 F .371
(MIME messages, it cannot adv)102 586.8 R .371(ertise that f)-.15 F .37
(act because the standards say that the mail agent must be)-.1 F .26
(able to do 8- to 7-bit con)102 598.8 R -.15(ve)-.4 G .26(rsion to ha)
.15 F .561 -.15(ve f)-.2 H .261(ull 8-bit support.).15 F .261
(This requires f)5.261 F .261(ar more e)-.1 F(xtensi)-.15 E .561 -.15
(ve m)-.25 H(odi\214-).15 E
(cation of the message body than is currently supported.)102 610.8 Q
.464(The best w)127 627 R .464(ay to do this w)-.1 F .463
(ould be to support the general concept of an e)-.1 F .463(xternal `)
-.15 F .463(`message \214l-)-.74 F(ter')102 639 Q 3.319('t)-.74 G .819
(hat could do arbitrary modi\214cations of the message.)-3.319 F .819
(This w)5.819 F .82(ould allo)-.1 F 3.32(wM)-.25 G .82(IME con)-3.32 F
-.15(ve)-.4 G .82(rsion as).15 F .63
(well as such things as automatic encryption of messages sent o)102 651
R -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.129(re).15 G .629(xternal links.)-3.279 F .629
(This is probably)5.629 F(an e)102 663 Q(xtremely non-tri)-.15 E
(vial change.)-.25 E F0 2.5(3.2. Ser)87 687 R(vice Switch Abstraction)
-.1 E F1 .369(Most modern systems include some concept of a \231service switch\232 \212 for e)
127 703.2 R .37(xample, to look up)-.15 F .984
(host names you can try DNS, NIS, NIS+, te)102 715.2 R .984
(xt tables, NetInfo, or other services in some arbitrary)-.15 F EP
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/F0 10/Times-Bold@0 SF 287.15(10 Changes)72 60 R(in Sendmail V)2.5 E
(ersion 8)-1 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(order)102 96 Q 5.174(.T)-.55 G
.174(his is currently v)-5.174 F .174(ery clumsy in)-.15 F/F2 10
/Times-Italic@0 SF(sendmail)2.674 E F1 2.674(,w)C .174
(ith only limited control of the services pro)-2.674 F(vided.)-.15 E F0
2.5(3.3. Mor)87 120 R 2.5(eC)-.18 G(ontr)-2.5 E(ol of Local Addr)-.18 E
(esses)-.18 E F1 .943(Currently some addresses are declared as \231local\232 and are handled specially \212 for e)
127 136.2 R(xample,)-.15 E(the)102 148.2 Q 3.455(ym)-.15 G .955(ay ha)
-3.455 F 1.255 -.15(ve .)-.2 H(forw).15 E .956
(ard \214les, may be translated into program calls or \214le deli)-.1 F
-.15(ve)-.25 G .956(ries, and so forth.).15 F .311(These should be brok)
102 160.2 R .311(en out into separate \215ags to allo)-.1 F 2.811(wt)
-.25 G .31(he local system administrator to ha)-2.811 F .61 -.15(ve m)
-.2 H(ore).15 E(\214ne-grained control o)102 172.2 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5
(ro).15 G(perations.)-2.5 E F0 2.5(3.4. Mor)87 196.2 R 2.5(eR)-.18 G
(un-T)-2.5 E(ime Con\214guration Options)-.18 E F1 .016(There are man)
127 212.4 R 2.516(yo)-.15 G .016(ptions that are con\214gured at compile time, such as the method of \214le locking)
-2.516 F .719(and the use of the IDENT protocol [RFC1413].)102 224.4 R
.719(These should be transfered to run time by adding)5.719 F(ne)102
236.4 Q 2.5(wo)-.25 G(ptions.)-2.5 E(Similarly)127 252.6 Q 3.413(,s)-.65
G .913(ome options are currently o)-3.413 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .913
(rloaded, that is, a single option controls more than).15 F(one thing.)
102 264.6 Q(These should probably be brok)5 E
(en out into separate options.)-.1 E
(This implies that options will change from single characters to w)127
280.8 Q(ords.)-.1 E F0 2.5(3.5. Mor)87 304.8 R 2.5(eC)-.18 G
(on\214guration Contr)-2.5 E(ol Ov)-.18 E(er Err)-.1 E(ors)-.18 E F1
(Currently)127 321 Q 3.649(,t)-.65 G 1.148(he con\214guration \214le can generate an error message during parsing.)
-3.649 F(Ho)6.148 E(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.948 -.4(r, i).15 H(t).4 E
.569(cannot tweak other operations, such as issuing a w)102 333 R .57
(arning message to the system postmaster)-.1 F 5.57(.S)-.55 G(imi-)-5.57
E(larly)102 345 Q 2.558(,s)-.65 G .057
(ome errors should not be triggered if the)-2.558 F 2.557(ya)-.15 G .057
(re in aliases during an alias \214le reb)-2.557 F .057(uild, b)-.2 F
.057(ut should)-.2 F(be triggered if that alias is actually used.)102
357 Q F0 2.5(3.6. Long)87 381 R -.92(Te)2.5 G(rm Host State).92 E F1
(Currently)127 397.2 Q(,)-.65 E F2(sendmail)3.731 E F1 1.231
(only remembers host status during a single queue run.)3.731 F 1.232
(This should be)6.232 F(con)102 409.2 Q -.15(ve)-.4 G .492(rted to long term status stored on disk so it can be shared between instantiations of)
.15 F F2(sendmail)2.991 E F1(.)A .866(Entries will ha)102 421.2 R 1.167
-.15(ve t)-.2 H 3.367(ob).15 G 3.367(et)-3.367 G .867(imestamped so the)
-3.367 F 3.367(yc)-.15 G .867(an time out.)-3.367 F .867(This will allo)
5.867 F(w)-.25 E F2(sendmail)3.367 E F1 .867(to implement)3.367 F -.15
(ex)102 433.2 S(ponential back).15 E(of)-.1 E 2.5(fo)-.25 G 2.5(nq)-2.5
G(ueue runs on a per)-2.5 E(-host basis.)-.2 E F0 2.5(3.7. Connection)87
457.2 R(Contr)2.5 E(ol)-.18 E F1 .819(Modern netw)127 473.4 R .819
(orks ha)-.1 F 1.119 -.15(ve d)-.2 H(if).15 E .819
(ferent types of connecti)-.25 F .818(vity than the past.)-.25 F .818
(In particular)5.818 F 3.318(,t)-.4 G .818(he rising)-3.318 F .636(prominence of dialup IP has created certain challenges for automated serv)
102 485.4 R 3.136(ers. It)-.15 F .636(is not uncommon)3.136 F .732
(to try to mak)102 497.4 R 3.232(eac)-.1 G .732
(onnection to a host and ha)-3.232 F 1.032 -.15(ve i)-.2 H 3.232(tf).15
G .732(ail, e)-3.332 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.232(nt).15 G .732
(hough if you tried ag)-3.232 F .732(ain it w)-.05 F .731(ould suc-)-.1
F 2.5(ceed. The)102 509.4 R(connection management could be a bit cle)2.5
E -.15(ve)-.25 G(rer to try to adapt to such situations.).15 E F0 2.5
(3.8. Other)87 533.4 R(Caching)2.5 E F1 .074
(When you do an MX record lookup, the name serv)127 549.6 R .075
(er automatically returns the IP addresses of)-.15 F .518
(the associated MX serv)102 561.6 R 3.018(ers. This)-.15 F .518
(information is currently ignored, and another query is done to get)
3.018 F(this information.)102 573.6 Q(It should be cached to a)5 E -.2
(vo)-.2 G(id e).2 E(xcess name serv)-.15 E(er traf)-.15 E(\214c.)-.25 E
F0 2.5(4. REFERENCES)72 597.6 R F1([Allman83a])87 613.8 Q .137
(\231Sendmail \212 An Internetw)123 625.8 R .137(ork Mail Router)-.1 F
4.037 -.7(.\232 E)-.55 H 2.638(.A).7 G 2.638(llman. In)-2.638 F F2 .138
(Unix Pr)2.638 F -.1(og)-.45 G -.15(ra).1 G(mmer).15 E(s')-.1 E 2.638
(sM)-.4 G(anual,)-2.638 E F1(4.2)2.638 E(Berk)123 637.8 Q(ele)-.1 E 2.5
(yS)-.15 G(oftw)-2.5 E(are Distrib)-.1 E(ution, v)-.2 E(olume 2C.)-.2 E
(August 1983.)5 E([Allman83b])87 654 Q .384
(\231Mail Systems and Addressing in 4.2BSD.)123 666 R 5.384<9a45>-.7 G
2.884(.A)-5.384 G .383(llman In)-2.884 F F2 .383(UNICOM Confer)2.883 F
.383(ence Pr)-.37 F(oceedings.)-.45 E F1(San Die)123 678 Q
(go, California.)-.15 E(January 1983.)5 E([Allman&Amos85])87 694.2 Q
-.74(``)123 706.2 S 1.145(Sendmail Re).74 F(visited.)-.25 E 5.125 -.74
('' E)-.7 H 3.645(.A).74 G 1.145(llman and M. Amos.)-3.645 F(In)6.145 E
F2 1.145(Usenix Summer 1985 Confer)3.645 F 1.145(ence Pr)-.37 F(o-)-.45
E(ceedings.)123 718.2 Q F1(Portland, Ore)5 E 2.5(gon. June)-.15 F(1985.)
2.5 E EP
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/F0 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Changes in Sendmail V)72 60 Q(ersion 8)-1 E(11)
289.65 E/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF([ID)87 96 Q(A87])-.4 E/F2 10
/Times-Italic@0 SF(Electr)1.97 E .983(onic Mail Addr)-.45 F .983
(essing in Theory and Pr)-.37 F .982(actice with the ID)-.15 F 3.482(AS)
-.35 G .982(endmail Enhancement Kit)-3.482 F .563(\(or The P)123 108 R
(ostmaster')-.8 E 3.063(sL)-.4 G .563(ast W)-3.063 F .564(ill and T)-.55
F(estament\).)-.92 E F1 .564(Lennart Lo)5.564 F -.5(..)-5 -6 O 3.064
(vstrand. Department)1 6 N .564(of Computer)3.064 F 1.267
(and Information Science, Uni)123 120 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.267
(rsity of Link).15 F(o)-.1 E -.5(..)-5 -6 O 1.266
(ping, Sweden, Report no. LiTH-ID)1 6 N(A-Ex-8715.)-.4 E(May 1987.)123
132 Q([RFC821])87 148.2 Q F2(Simple Mail T)123 160.2 Q -.15(ra)-.55 G
(nsport Pr).15 E(otocol.)-.45 E F1(J. Postel.)5 E(August 1982.)5 E
([RFC1123])87 176.4 Q F2(Requir)123 188.4 Q .163
(ements for Internet Hosts \212 Application and Support.)-.37 F F1 .164
(Internet Engineering T)5.164 F .164(ask F)-.8 F(orce,)-.15 E
(R. Braden, Editor)123 200.4 Q 5(.O)-.55 G(ctober 1989.)-5 E([RFC1344])
87 216.6 Q F2(Implications of MIME for Internet Mail Gate)123 228.6 Q
(ways.)-.15 E F1(N. Borenstein.)5 E(June 1992.)5 E([RFC1413])87 244.8 Q
F2(Identi\214cation Pr)123 256.8 Q(otocol.)-.45 E F1(M. St. Johns.)5 E
(February 1993.)5 E([RFC1425])87 273 Q F2 2.352
(SMTP Service Extensions.)123 285 R F1 2.352
(J. Klensin, N. Freed, M. Rose, E. Stef)7.352 F 2.351
(ferud, and D. Crock)-.25 F(er)-.1 E(.)-.55 E(February 1993.)123 297 Q
([RFC1426])87 313.2 Q F2 .12(SMTP Service Extension for 8bit-MIMEtr)123
325.2 R(ansport.)-.15 E F1 .12(J. Klensin, N. Freed, M. Rose, E. Stef)
5.12 F(ferud,)-.25 E(and D. Crock)123 337.2 Q(er)-.1 E 5(.F)-.55 G
(ebruary 1993.)-5 E([RFC1427])87 353.4 Q F2 .813
(SMTP Service Extension for Messa)123 365.4 R 1.013 -.1(ge S)-.1 H .813
(ize Declar).1 F(ation.)-.15 E F1 .813
(J. Klensin, N. Freed, and K. Moore.)5.813 F(February 1993.)123 377.4 Q
([RFC1521])87 393.6 Q F2 2.033
(MIME \(Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions\) P)123 405.6 R 2.033
(art One: Mec)-.8 F 2.033(hanisms for Specifying and)-.15 F .933
(Describing the F)123 417.6 R .933(ormat of Internet Messa)-1.05 F 1.133
-.1(ge B)-.1 H(odies.).1 E F1 .932(N. Borenstein and N. Freed.)5.932 F
(September)5.932 E(1993.)123 429.6 Q EP
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