/* $OpenBSD: traceroute6.c,v 1.3 2000/03/12 03:56:44 itojun Exp $ */ /* * Copyright (C) 1995, 1996, 1997, and 1998 WIDE Project. * All rights reserved. * * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions * are met: * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. * 3. Neither the name of the project nor the names of its contributors * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software * without specific prior written permission. * * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE PROJECT AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE PROJECT OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF * SUCH DAMAGE. */ /*- * Copyright (c) 1990, 1993 * The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. * * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by * Van Jacobson. * * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions * are met: * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software * must display the following acknowledgement: * This product includes software developed by the University of * California, Berkeley and its contributors. * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software * without specific prior written permission. * * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF * SUCH DAMAGE. */ #ifndef lint static char copyright[] = "@(#) Copyright (c) 1990, 1993\n\ The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.\n"; #endif /* not lint */ #ifndef lint static char sccsid[] = "@(#)traceroute.c 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/6/93"; #endif /* not lint */ /* * traceroute host - trace the route ip packets follow going to "host". * * Attempt to trace the route an ip packet would follow to some * internet host. We find out intermediate hops by launching probe * packets with a small ttl (time to live) then listening for an * icmp "time exceeded" reply from a gateway. We start our probes * with a ttl of one and increase by one until we get an icmp "port * unreachable" (which means we got to "host") or hit a max (which * defaults to 30 hops & can be changed with the -m flag). Three * probes (change with -q flag) are sent at each ttl setting and a * line is printed showing the ttl, address of the gateway and * round trip time of each probe. If the probe answers come from * different gateways, the address of each responding system will * be printed. If there is no response within a 5 sec. timeout * interval (changed with the -w flag), a "*" is printed for that * probe. * * Probe packets are UDP format. We don't want the destination * host to process them so the destination port is set to an * unlikely value (if some clod on the destination is using that * value, it can be changed with the -p flag). * * A sample use might be: * * [yak 71]% traceroute nis.nsf.net. * traceroute to nis.nsf.net (35.1.1.48), 30 hops max, 56 byte packet * 1 helios.ee.lbl.gov (128.3.112.1) 19 ms 19 ms 0 ms * 2 lilac-dmc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.216.1) 39 ms 39 ms 19 ms * 3 lilac-dmc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.216.1) 39 ms 39 ms 19 ms * 4 ccngw-ner-cc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.136.23) 39 ms 40 ms 39 ms * 5 ccn-nerif22.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.168.22) 39 ms 39 ms 39 ms * 6 128.32.197.4 (128.32.197.4) 40 ms 59 ms 59 ms * 7 131.119.2.5 (131.119.2.5) 59 ms 59 ms 59 ms * 8 129.140.70.13 (129.140.70.13) 99 ms 99 ms 80 ms * 9 129.140.71.6 (129.140.71.6) 139 ms 239 ms 319 ms * 10 129.140.81.7 (129.140.81.7) 220 ms 199 ms 199 ms * 11 nic.merit.edu (35.1.1.48) 239 ms 239 ms 239 ms * * Note that lines 2 & 3 are the same. This is due to a buggy * kernel on the 2nd hop system -- lbl-csam.arpa -- that forwards * packets with a zero ttl. * * A more interesting example is: * * [yak 72]% traceroute allspice.lcs.mit.edu. * traceroute to allspice.lcs.mit.edu (18.26.0.115), 30 hops max * 1 helios.ee.lbl.gov (128.3.112.1) 0 ms 0 ms 0 ms * 2 lilac-dmc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.216.1) 19 ms 19 ms 19 ms * 3 lilac-dmc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.216.1) 39 ms 19 ms 19 ms * 4 ccngw-ner-cc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.136.23) 19 ms 39 ms 39 ms * 5 ccn-nerif22.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.168.22) 20 ms 39 ms 39 ms * 6 128.32.197.4 (128.32.197.4) 59 ms 119 ms 39 ms * 7 131.119.2.5 (131.119.2.5) 59 ms 59 ms 39 ms * 8 129.140.70.13 (129.140.70.13) 80 ms 79 ms 99 ms * 9 129.140.71.6 (129.140.71.6) 139 ms 139 ms 159 ms * 10 129.140.81.7 (129.140.81.7) 199 ms 180 ms 300 ms * 11 129.140.72.17 (129.140.72.17) 300 ms 239 ms 239 ms * 12 * * * * 13 128.121.54.72 (128.121.54.72) 259 ms 499 ms 279 ms * 14 * * * * 15 * * * * 16 * * * * 17 * * * * 18 ALLSPICE.LCS.MIT.EDU (18.26.0.115) 339 ms 279 ms 279 ms * * (I start to see why I'm having so much trouble with mail to * MIT.) Note that the gateways 12, 14, 15, 16 & 17 hops away * either don't send ICMP "time exceeded" messages or send them * with a ttl too small to reach us. 14 - 17 are running the * MIT C Gateway code that doesn't send "time exceeded"s. God * only knows what's going on with 12. * * The silent gateway 12 in the above may be the result of a bug in * the 4.[23]BSD network code (and its derivatives): 4.x (x <= 3) * sends an unreachable message using whatever ttl remains in the * original datagram. Since, for gateways, the remaining ttl is * zero, the icmp "time exceeded" is guaranteed to not make it back * to us. The behavior of this bug is slightly more interesting * when it appears on the destination system: * * 1 helios.ee.lbl.gov (128.3.112.1) 0 ms 0 ms 0 ms * 2 lilac-dmc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.216.1) 39 ms 19 ms 39 ms * 3 lilac-dmc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.216.1) 19 ms 39 ms 19 ms * 4 ccngw-ner-cc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.136.23) 39 ms 40 ms 19 ms * 5 ccn-nerif35.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.168.35) 39 ms 39 ms 39 ms * 6 csgw.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.133.254) 39 ms 59 ms 39 ms * 7 * * * * 8 * * * * 9 * * * * 10 * * * * 11 * * * * 12 * * * * 13 rip.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.131.22) 59 ms ! 39 ms ! 39 ms ! * * Notice that there are 12 "gateways" (13 is the final * destination) and exactly the last half of them are "missing". * What's really happening is that rip (a Sun-3 running Sun OS3.5) * is using the ttl from our arriving datagram as the ttl in its * icmp reply. So, the reply will time out on the return path * (with no notice sent to anyone since icmp's aren't sent for * icmp's) until we probe with a ttl that's at least twice the path * length. I.e., rip is really only 7 hops away. A reply that * returns with a ttl of 1 is a clue this problem exists. * Traceroute prints a "!" after the time if the ttl is <= 1. * Since vendors ship a lot of obsolete (DEC's Ultrix, Sun 3.x) or * non-standard (HPUX) software, expect to see this problem * frequently and/or take care picking the target host of your * probes. * * Other possible annotations after the time are !H, !N, !P (got a host, * network or protocol unreachable, respectively), !S or !F (source * route failed or fragmentation needed -- neither of these should * ever occur and the associated gateway is busted if you see one). If * almost all the probes result in some kind of unreachable, traceroute * will give up and exit. * * Notes * ----- * This program must be run by root or be setuid. (I suggest that * you *don't* make it setuid -- casual use could result in a lot * of unnecessary traffic on our poor, congested nets.) * * This program requires a kernel mod that does not appear in any * system available from Berkeley: A raw ip socket using proto * IPPROTO_RAW must interpret the data sent as an ip datagram (as * opposed to data to be wrapped in a ip datagram). See the README * file that came with the source to this program for a description * of the mods I made to /sys/netinet/raw_ip.c. Your mileage may * vary. But, again, ANY 4.x (x < 4) BSD KERNEL WILL HAVE TO BE * MODIFIED TO RUN THIS PROGRAM. * * The udp port usage may appear bizarre (well, ok, it is bizarre). * The problem is that an icmp message only contains 8 bytes of * data from the original datagram. 8 bytes is the size of a udp * header so, if we want to associate replies with the original * datagram, the necessary information must be encoded into the * udp header (the ip id could be used but there's no way to * interlock with the kernel's assignment of ip id's and, anyway, * it would have taken a lot more kernel hacking to allow this * code to set the ip id). So, to allow two or more users to * use traceroute simultaneously, we use this task's pid as the * source port (the high bit is set to move the port number out * of the "likely" range). To keep track of which probe is being * replied to (so times and/or hop counts don't get confused by a * reply that was delayed in transit), we increment the destination * port number before each probe. * * Don't use this as a coding example. I was trying to find a * routing problem and this code sort-of popped out after 48 hours * without sleep. I was amazed it ever compiled, much less ran. * * I stole the idea for this program from Steve Deering. Since * the first release, I've learned that had I attended the right * IETF working group meetings, I also could have stolen it from Guy * Almes or Matt Mathis. I don't know (or care) who came up with * the idea first. I envy the originators' perspicacity and I'm * glad they didn't keep the idea a secret. * * Tim Seaver, Ken Adelman and C. Philip Wood provided bug fixes and/or * enhancements to the original distribution. * * I've hacked up a round-trip-route version of this that works by * sending a loose-source-routed udp datagram through the destination * back to yourself. Unfortunately, SO many gateways botch source * routing, the thing is almost worthless. Maybe one day... * * -- Van Jacobson (van@helios.ee.lbl.gov) * Tue Dec 20 03:50:13 PST 1988 */ #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #ifdef IPSEC #include #include #endif #define freehostent(x) #define DUMMY_PORT 10010 #define MAXPACKET 65535 /* max ip packet size */ #ifndef MAXHOSTNAMELEN #define MAXHOSTNAMELEN 64 #endif #ifndef FD_SET #define NFDBITS (8*sizeof(fd_set)) #define FD_SETSIZE NFDBITS #define FD_SET(n, p) ((p)->fds_bits[(n)/NFDBITS] |= (1 << ((n) % NFDBITS))) #define FD_CLR(n, p) ((p)->fds_bits[(n)/NFDBITS] &= ~(1 << ((n) % NFDBITS))) #define FD_ISSET(n, p) ((p)->fds_bits[(n)/NFDBITS] & (1 << ((n) % NFDBITS))) #define FD_ZERO(p) bzero((char *)(p), sizeof(*(p))) #endif #define Fprintf (void)fprintf #define Sprintf (void)sprintf #define Printf (void)printf /* * format of a (udp) probe packet. */ struct opacket { u_char seq; /* sequence number of this packet */ u_char hops; /* hop limit of the packet */ struct timeval tv; /* time packet left */ }; u_char packet[512]; /* last inbound (icmp) packet */ struct opacket *outpacket; /* last output (udp) packet */ int main __P((int, char *[])); int wait_for_reply __P((int, struct msghdr *)); #ifdef IPSEC #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC int setpolicy __P((int so, char *policy)); #endif #endif void send_probe __P((int, int)); struct udphdr *get_udphdr __P((struct ip6_hdr *, u_char *)); int get_hoplim __P((struct msghdr *)); double deltaT __P((struct timeval *, struct timeval *)); char *pr_type __P((int)); int packet_ok __P((struct msghdr *, int, int)); void print __P((struct msghdr *, int)); void tvsub __P((struct timeval *, struct timeval *)); const char *inetname __P((struct sockaddr *)); void usage __P((void)); int rcvsock; /* receive (icmp) socket file descriptor */ int sndsock; /* send (udp) socket file descriptor */ struct timezone tz; /* leftover */ struct msghdr rcvmhdr; struct iovec rcviov[2]; int rcvhlim; struct in6_pktinfo *rcvpktinfo; struct sockaddr_in6 Src, Dst, Rcv; int datalen; /* How much data */ /* XXX: 2064 = 127(max hops in type 0 rthdr) * sizeof(ip6_hdr) + 16(margin) */ char rtbuf[2064]; #ifdef USE_RFC2292BIS struct ip6_rthdr *rth; #endif struct cmsghdr *cmsg; char *source = 0; char *hostname; int nprobes = 3; int max_hops = 30; u_short ident; u_short port = 32768+666; /* start udp dest port # for probe packets */ int options; /* socket options */ int verbose; int waittime = 5; /* time to wait for response (in seconds) */ int nflag; /* print addresses numerically */ int lflag; /* print both numerical address & hostname */ #ifdef KAME_SCOPEID const int niflag = NI_WITHSCOPEID; #else const int niflag = 0; #endif int main(argc, argv) int argc; char *argv[]; { struct hostent *hp; int error; struct addrinfo hints, *res; extern char *optarg; extern int optind; int ch, i, on, probe, seq, hops, rcvcmsglen; static u_char *rcvcmsgbuf; char hbuf[NI_MAXHOST]; on = 1; seq = 0; while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "dlm:np:q:rs:w:vg:")) != EOF) switch(ch) { case 'd': options |= SO_DEBUG; break; case 'l': lflag++; break; case 'g': #if 0 hp = getipnodebyname(optarg, AF_INET6, 0, &h_errno); #else hp = gethostbyname2(optarg, AF_INET6); #endif if (hp == NULL) { Fprintf(stderr, "traceroute6: unknown host %s\n", optarg); exit(1); } #ifdef USE_RFC2292BIS if (rth == NULL) { /* * XXX: We can't detect the number of * intermediate nodes yet. */ if ((rth = inet6_rth_init((void *)rtbuf, sizeof(rtbuf), IPV6_RTHDR_TYPE_0, 0)) == NULL) { Fprintf(stderr, "inet6_rth_init failed.\n"); exit(1); } } if (inet6_rth_add((void *)rth, (struct in6_addr *)hp->h_addr)) { Fprintf(stderr, "inet6_rth_add failed for %s\n", optarg); exit(1); } #else /* old advanced API */ if (cmsg == NULL) cmsg = inet6_rthdr_init(rtbuf, IPV6_RTHDR_TYPE_0); inet6_rthdr_add(cmsg, (struct in6_addr *)hp->h_addr, IPV6_RTHDR_LOOSE); #endif freehostent(hp); break; case 'm': max_hops = atoi(optarg); if (max_hops <= 1) { Fprintf(stderr, "traceroute6: max hoplimit must be >1.\n"); exit(1); } break; case 'n': nflag++; break; case 'p': port = atoi(optarg); if (port < 1) { Fprintf(stderr, "traceroute6: port must be >0.\n"); exit(1); } break; case 'q': nprobes = atoi(optarg); if (nprobes < 1) { Fprintf(stderr, "traceroute6: nprobes must be >0.\n"); exit(1); } break; case 'r': options |= SO_DONTROUTE; break; case 's': /* * set the ip source address of the outbound * probe (e.g., on a multi-homed host). */ source = optarg; break; case 'v': verbose++; break; case 'w': waittime = atoi(optarg); if (waittime <= 1) { Fprintf(stderr, "traceroute6: wait must be >1 sec.\n"); exit(1); } break; default: usage(); } argc -= optind; argv += optind; if (argc < 1) usage(); #if 1 setvbuf(stdout, NULL, _IOLBF, BUFSIZ); #else setlinebuf (stdout); #endif memset(&hints, 0, sizeof(hints)); hints.ai_family = PF_INET6; hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_RAW; hints.ai_protocol = IPPROTO_ICMPV6; hints.ai_flags = AI_CANONNAME; error = getaddrinfo(*argv, NULL, &hints, &res); if (error) { (void)fprintf(stderr, "traceroute6: %s\n", gai_strerror(error)); exit(1); } if (res->ai_addrlen != sizeof(Dst)) { (void)fprintf(stderr, "traceroute6: size of sockaddr mismatch\n"); exit(1); } memcpy(&Dst, res->ai_addr, res->ai_addrlen); hostname = res->ai_canonname ? strdup(res->ai_canonname) : *argv; if (*++argv) datalen = atoi(*argv); if (datalen < 0 || datalen >= MAXPACKET - sizeof(struct opacket)) { Fprintf(stderr, "traceroute6: packet size must be 0 <= s < %ld.\n", (long)(MAXPACKET - sizeof(struct opacket))); exit(1); } datalen += sizeof(struct opacket); outpacket = (struct opacket *)malloc((unsigned)datalen); if (! outpacket) { perror("malloc"); exit(1); } (void) bzero((char *)outpacket, datalen); /* * Receive ICMP */ if ((rcvsock = socket(AF_INET6, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_ICMPV6)) < 0) { perror("socket(ICMPv6)"); exit(5); } /* initialize msghdr for receiving packets */ rcviov[0].iov_base = (caddr_t)packet; rcviov[0].iov_len = sizeof(packet); rcvmhdr.msg_name = (caddr_t)&Rcv; rcvmhdr.msg_namelen = sizeof(Rcv); rcvmhdr.msg_iov = rcviov; rcvmhdr.msg_iovlen = 1; rcvcmsglen = CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(struct in6_pktinfo)) + CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(int)); if ((rcvcmsgbuf = malloc(rcvcmsglen)) == NULL) { Fprintf(stderr, "traceroute6: malloc failed\n"); exit(1); } rcvmhdr.msg_control = (caddr_t) rcvcmsgbuf; rcvmhdr.msg_controllen = rcvcmsglen; /* specify to tell receiving interface */ #ifdef IPV6_RECVPKTINFO if (setsockopt(rcvsock, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_RECVPKTINFO, &on, sizeof(on)) < 0) err(1, "setsockopt(IPV6_RECVPKTINFO)"); #else /* old adv. API */ if (setsockopt(rcvsock, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_PKTINFO, &on, sizeof(on)) < 0) err(1, "setsockopt(IPV6_PKTINFO)"); #endif /* specify to tell value of hoplimit field of received IP6 hdr */ #ifdef IPV6_RECVHOPLIMIT if (setsockopt(rcvsock, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_RECVHOPLIMIT, &on, sizeof(on)) < 0) err(1, "setsockopt(IPV6_RECVHOPLIMIT)"); #else /* old adv. API */ if (setsockopt(rcvsock, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_HOPLIMIT, &on, sizeof(on)) < 0) err(1, "setsockopt(IPV6_HOPLIMIT)"); #endif if (options & SO_DEBUG) (void) setsockopt(rcvsock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DEBUG, (char *)&on, sizeof(on)); if (options & SO_DONTROUTE) (void) setsockopt(rcvsock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DONTROUTE, (char *)&on, sizeof(on)); #ifdef IPSEC #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC /* * do not raise error even if setsockopt fails, kernel may have ipsec * turned off. */ if (setpolicy(rcvsock, "in bypass") < 0) errx(1, ipsec_strerror()); if (setpolicy(rcvsock, "out bypass") < 0) errx(1, ipsec_strerror()); #else { int level = IPSEC_LEVEL_NONE; (void)setsockopt(rcvsock, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_ESP_TRANS_LEVEL, &level, sizeof(level)); (void)setsockopt(rcvsock, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_ESP_NETWORK_LEVEL, &level, sizeof(level)); #ifdef IP_AUTH_TRANS_LEVEL (void)setsockopt(rcvsock, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_AUTH_TRANS_LEVEL, &level, sizeof(level)); #else (void)setsockopt(rcvsock, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_AUTH_LEVEL, &level, sizeof(level)); #endif #ifdef IP_AUTH_NETWORK_LEVEL (void)setsockopt(rcvsock, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_AUTH_NETWORK_LEVEL, &level, sizeof(level)); #endif } #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/ #endif /*IPSEC*/ /* * Send UDP */ if ((sndsock = socket(AF_INET6, SOCK_DGRAM, 0)) < 0) { perror("socket(SOCK_DGRAM)"); exit(5); } #ifdef SO_SNDBUF if (setsockopt(sndsock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, (char *)&datalen, sizeof(datalen)) < 0) { perror("setsockopt(SO_SNDBUF)"); exit(6); } #endif /* SO_SNDBUF */ if (options & SO_DEBUG) (void) setsockopt(sndsock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DEBUG, (char *)&on, sizeof(on)); if (options & SO_DONTROUTE) (void) setsockopt(sndsock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DONTROUTE, (char *)&on, sizeof(on)); #ifdef USE_RFC2292BIS if (rth) {/* XXX: there is no library to finalize the header... */ rth->ip6r_len = rth->ip6r_segleft * 2; if (setsockopt(sndsock, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_RTHDR, (void *)rth, (rth->ip6r_len + 1) << 3)) { Fprintf(stderr, "setsockopt(IPV6_RTHDR): %s\n", strerror(errno)); exit(1); } } #else /* old advanced API */ if (cmsg != NULL) { inet6_rthdr_lasthop(cmsg, IPV6_RTHDR_LOOSE); if (setsockopt(sndsock, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_PKTOPTIONS, rtbuf, cmsg->cmsg_len) < 0) { Fprintf(stderr, "setsockopt(IPV6_PKTOPTIONS): %s\n", strerror(errno)); exit(1); } } #endif /* USE_RFC2292BIS */ #ifdef IPSEC #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC /* * do not raise error even if setsockopt fails, kernel may have ipsec * turned off. */ if (setpolicy(sndsock, "in bypass") < 0) errx(1, ipsec_strerror()); if (setpolicy(sndsock, "out bypass") < 0) errx(1, ipsec_strerror()); #else { int level = IPSEC_LEVEL_BYPASS; (void)setsockopt(sndsock, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_ESP_TRANS_LEVEL, &level, sizeof(level)); (void)setsockopt(sndsock, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_ESP_NETWORK_LEVEL, &level, sizeof(level)); #ifdef IP_AUTH_TRANS_LEVEL (void)setsockopt(sndsock, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_AUTH_TRANS_LEVEL, &level, sizeof(level)); #else (void)setsockopt(sndsock, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_AUTH_LEVEL, &level, sizeof(level)); #endif #ifdef IP_AUTH_NETWORK_LEVEL (void)setsockopt(sndsock, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_AUTH_NETWORK_LEVEL, &level, sizeof(level)); #endif } #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/ #endif /*IPSEC*/ /* * Source selection */ bzero(&Src, sizeof(Src)); if (source) { struct addrinfo hints, *res; int error; memset(&hints, 0, sizeof(hints)); hints.ai_family = AF_INET6; hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_DGRAM; /*dummy*/ hints.ai_flags = AI_NUMERICHOST; error = getaddrinfo(source, "0", &hints, &res); if (error) { Printf("traceroute6: %s: %s\n", source, gai_strerror(error)); exit(1); } if (res->ai_addrlen > sizeof(Src)) { Printf("traceroute6: %s: %s\n", source, gai_strerror(error)); exit(1); } memcpy(&Src, res->ai_addr, res->ai_addrlen); freeaddrinfo(res); } else { struct sockaddr_in6 Nxt; int dummy, len; Nxt = Dst; Nxt.sin6_port = htons(DUMMY_PORT); if (cmsg != NULL) bcopy(inet6_rthdr_getaddr(cmsg, 1), &Nxt.sin6_addr, sizeof(Nxt.sin6_addr)); if ((dummy = socket(AF_INET6, SOCK_DGRAM, 0)) < 0) { perror("socket"); exit(1); } if (connect(dummy, (struct sockaddr *)&Nxt, Nxt.sin6_len) < 0) { perror("connect"); exit(1); } len = sizeof(Src); if (getsockname(dummy, (struct sockaddr *)&Src, &len) < 0) { perror("getsockname"); exit(1); } close(dummy); } #if 1 ident = (getpid() & 0xffff) | 0x8000; #else ident = 0; /*let the kernel pick one*/ #endif Src.sin6_port = htons(ident); if (bind(sndsock, (struct sockaddr *)&Src, Src.sin6_len) < 0) { perror("bind"); exit(1); } if (ident == 0) { int len; len = sizeof(Src); if (getsockname(sndsock, (struct sockaddr *)&Src, &i) < 0) { perror("getsockname"); exit(1); } ident = ntohs(Src.sin6_port); } /* * Message to users */ if (getnameinfo((struct sockaddr *)&Dst, Dst.sin6_len, hbuf, sizeof(hbuf), NULL, 0, NI_NUMERICHOST | niflag)) strcpy(hbuf, "(invalid)"); Fprintf(stderr, "traceroute to %s (%s)", hostname, hbuf); if (source) Fprintf(stderr, " from %s", source); Fprintf(stderr, ", %d hops max, %d byte packets\n", max_hops, datalen); (void) fflush(stderr); /* * Main loop */ for (hops = 1; hops <= max_hops; ++hops) { struct in6_addr lastaddr; int got_there = 0; int unreachable = 0; Printf("%2d ", hops); bzero(&lastaddr, sizeof(lastaddr)); for (probe = 0; probe < nprobes; ++probe) { int cc; struct timeval t1, t2; struct timezone tz; (void) gettimeofday(&t1, &tz); send_probe(++seq, hops); while ((cc = wait_for_reply(rcvsock, &rcvmhdr))) { (void) gettimeofday(&t2, &tz); if ((i = packet_ok(&rcvmhdr, cc, seq))) { if (! IN6_ARE_ADDR_EQUAL(&Rcv.sin6_addr, &lastaddr)) { print(&rcvmhdr, cc); lastaddr = Rcv.sin6_addr; } Printf(" %g ms", deltaT(&t1, &t2)); switch(i - 1) { case ICMP6_DST_UNREACH_NOROUTE: ++unreachable; Printf(" !N"); break; case ICMP6_DST_UNREACH_ADMIN: ++unreachable; Printf(" !P"); break; case ICMP6_DST_UNREACH_NOTNEIGHBOR: ++unreachable; Printf(" !S"); break; case ICMP6_DST_UNREACH_ADDR: ++unreachable; Printf(" !A"); break; case ICMP6_DST_UNREACH_NOPORT: if (rcvhlim >= 0 && rcvhlim <= 1) Printf(" !"); ++got_there; break; } break; } } if (cc == 0) Printf(" *"); (void) fflush(stdout); } putchar('\n'); if (got_there || (unreachable > 0 && unreachable >= ((nprobes + 1) / 2))) { exit(0); } } exit(0); } int wait_for_reply(sock, mhdr) int sock; struct msghdr *mhdr; { fd_set fds; struct timeval wait; int cc = 0; FD_ZERO(&fds); FD_SET(sock, &fds); wait.tv_sec = waittime; wait.tv_usec = 0; if (select(sock+1, &fds, (fd_set *)0, (fd_set *)0, &wait) > 0) cc = recvmsg(rcvsock, mhdr, 0); return(cc); } #ifdef IPSEC #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC int setpolicy(so, policy) int so; char *policy; { char *buf; buf = ipsec_set_policy(policy, strlen(policy)); if (buf == NULL) { warnx(ipsec_strerror()); return -1; } (void)setsockopt(so, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_IPSEC_POLICY, buf, ipsec_get_policylen(buf)); free(buf); return 0; } #endif #endif void send_probe(seq, hops) int seq, hops; { struct opacket *op = outpacket; int i; if(setsockopt(sndsock, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_UNICAST_HOPS, (char *)&hops, sizeof(hops)) < 0) { perror("setsockopt IPV6_UNICAST_HOPS"); } Dst.sin6_port = htons(port + seq); op->seq = seq; op->hops = hops; (void) gettimeofday(&op->tv, &tz); i = sendto(sndsock, (char *)outpacket, datalen , 0, (struct sockaddr *)&Dst, Dst.sin6_len); if (i < 0 || i != datalen) { if (i<0) perror("sendto"); Printf("traceroute6: wrote %s %d chars, ret=%d\n", hostname, datalen, i); (void) fflush(stdout); } } int get_hoplim(mhdr) struct msghdr *mhdr; { struct cmsghdr *cm; for (cm = (struct cmsghdr *)CMSG_FIRSTHDR(mhdr); cm; cm = (struct cmsghdr *)CMSG_NXTHDR(mhdr, cm)) { if (cm->cmsg_level == IPPROTO_IPV6 && cm->cmsg_type == IPV6_HOPLIMIT && cm->cmsg_len == CMSG_LEN(sizeof(int))) return(*(int *)CMSG_DATA(cm)); } return(-1); } double deltaT(t1p, t2p) struct timeval *t1p, *t2p; { register double dt; dt = (double)(t2p->tv_sec - t1p->tv_sec) * 1000.0 + (double)(t2p->tv_usec - t1p->tv_usec) / 1000.0; return (dt); } /* * Convert an ICMP "type" field to a printable string. */ char * pr_type(t0) int t0; { u_char t = t0 & 0xff; char *cp; switch (t) { case ICMP6_DST_UNREACH: cp = "Destination Unreachable"; break; case ICMP6_PACKET_TOO_BIG: cp = "Pakcet Too Big"; break; case ICMP6_TIME_EXCEEDED: cp = "Time Exceeded"; break; case ICMP6_PARAM_PROB: cp = "Parameter Problem"; break; case ICMP6_ECHO_REQUEST: cp = "Echo Request"; break; case ICMP6_ECHO_REPLY: cp = "Echo Reply"; break; case ICMP6_MEMBERSHIP_QUERY: cp = "Group Membership Query"; break; case ICMP6_MEMBERSHIP_REPORT: cp = "Group Membership Report"; break; case ICMP6_MEMBERSHIP_REDUCTION: cp = "Group Membership Reduction"; break; case ND_ROUTER_SOLICIT: cp = "Router Solicitation"; break; case ND_ROUTER_ADVERT: cp = "Router Advertisement"; break; case ND_NEIGHBOR_SOLICIT: cp = "Neighbor Solicitation"; break; case ND_NEIGHBOR_ADVERT: cp = "Neighbor Advertisement"; break; case ND_REDIRECT: cp = "Redirect"; break; default: cp = "Unknown"; break; } return cp; } int packet_ok(mhdr, cc, seq) struct msghdr *mhdr; int cc; int seq; { register struct icmp6_hdr *icp; struct sockaddr_in6 *from = (struct sockaddr_in6 *)mhdr->msg_name; u_char type, code; char *buf = (char *)mhdr->msg_iov[0].iov_base; struct cmsghdr *cm; int *hlimp; char hbuf[NI_MAXHOST]; #ifdef OLDRAWSOCKET int hlen; struct ip6_hdr *ip; #endif #ifdef OLDRAWSOCKET ip = (struct ip6_hdr *) buf; hlen = sizeof(struct ip6_hdr); if (cc < hlen + sizeof(struct icmp6_hdr)) { if (verbose) { if (getnameinfo((struct sockaddr *)from, from->sin6_len, hbuf, sizeof(hbuf), NULL, 0, NI_NUMERICHOST | niflag) != 0) strcpy(hbuf, "invalid"); Printf("packet too short (%d bytes) from %s\n", cc, hbuf); } return (0); } cc -= hlen; icp = (struct icmp6_hdr *)(buf + hlen); #else if (cc < sizeof(struct icmp6_hdr)) { if (verbose) { if (getnameinfo((struct sockaddr *)from, from->sin6_len, hbuf, sizeof(hbuf), NULL, 0, NI_NUMERICHOST | niflag) != 0) strcpy(hbuf, "invalid"); Printf("data too short (%d bytes) from %s\n", cc, hbuf); } return(0); } icp = (struct icmp6_hdr *)buf; #endif /* get optional information via advanced API */ rcvpktinfo = NULL; hlimp = NULL; for (cm = (struct cmsghdr *)CMSG_FIRSTHDR(mhdr); cm; cm = (struct cmsghdr *)CMSG_NXTHDR(mhdr, cm)) { if (cm->cmsg_level == IPPROTO_IPV6 && cm->cmsg_type == IPV6_PKTINFO && cm->cmsg_len == CMSG_LEN(sizeof(struct in6_pktinfo))) rcvpktinfo = (struct in6_pktinfo *)(CMSG_DATA(cm)); if (cm->cmsg_level == IPPROTO_IPV6 && cm->cmsg_type == IPV6_HOPLIMIT && cm->cmsg_len == CMSG_LEN(sizeof(int))) hlimp = (int *)CMSG_DATA(cm); } if (rcvpktinfo == NULL || hlimp == NULL) { warnx("failed to get received hop limit or packet info"); return(0); } rcvhlim = *hlimp; type = icp->icmp6_type; code = icp->icmp6_code; if ((type == ICMP6_TIME_EXCEEDED && code == ICMP6_TIME_EXCEED_TRANSIT) || type == ICMP6_DST_UNREACH) { struct ip6_hdr *hip; struct udphdr *up; hip = (struct ip6_hdr *)(icp + 1); if ((up = get_udphdr(hip, (u_char *)(buf + cc))) == NULL) { if (verbose) warnx("failed to get upper layer header"); return(0); } if (up->uh_sport == htons(ident) && up->uh_dport == htons(port+seq)) return (type == ICMP6_TIME_EXCEEDED ? -1 : code + 1); } if (verbose) { int i; u_int8_t *p; char sbuf[NI_MAXHOST+1], dbuf[INET6_ADDRSTRLEN]; if (getnameinfo((struct sockaddr *)from, from->sin6_len, sbuf, sizeof(sbuf), NULL, 0, NI_NUMERICHOST | niflag) != 0) strcpy(sbuf, "invalid"); Printf("\n%d bytes from %s to %s", cc, sbuf, inet_ntop(AF_INET6, &rcvpktinfo->ipi6_addr, dbuf, sizeof(dbuf))); Printf(": icmp type %d (%s) code %d\n", type, pr_type(type), icp->icmp6_code); p = (u_int8_t *)(icp + 1); #define WIDTH 16 for (i = 0; i < cc; i++) { if (i % WIDTH == 0) Printf("%04x:", i); if (i % 4 == 0) Printf(" "); Printf("%02x", p[i]); if (i % WIDTH == WIDTH - 1) Printf("\n"); } if (cc % WIDTH != 0) Printf("\n"); } return(0); } /* * Increment pointer until find the UDP header. */ struct udphdr * get_udphdr(ip6, lim) struct ip6_hdr *ip6; u_char *lim; { u_char *cp = (u_char *)ip6, nh; int hlen; if (cp + sizeof(*ip6) >= lim) return(NULL); nh = ip6->ip6_nxt; cp += sizeof(struct ip6_hdr); while(lim - cp >= 8) { switch(nh) { case IPPROTO_ESP: case IPPROTO_TCP: case IPPROTO_ICMPV6: return(NULL); case IPPROTO_UDP: return((struct udphdr *)cp); case IPPROTO_FRAGMENT: hlen = sizeof(struct ip6_frag); nh = ((struct ip6_frag *)cp)->ip6f_nxt; break; case IPPROTO_AH: hlen = (((struct ip6_ext *)cp)->ip6e_len + 2) << 2; nh = ((struct ip6_ext *)cp)->ip6e_nxt; break; default: hlen = (((struct ip6_ext *)cp)->ip6e_len + 1) << 3; nh = ((struct ip6_ext *)cp)->ip6e_nxt; break; } cp += hlen; } return(NULL); } void print(mhdr, cc) struct msghdr *mhdr; int cc; { struct sockaddr_in6 *from = (struct sockaddr_in6 *)mhdr->msg_name; char hbuf[NI_MAXHOST]; if (getnameinfo((struct sockaddr *)from, from->sin6_len, hbuf, sizeof(hbuf), NULL, 0, NI_NUMERICHOST | niflag) != 0) strcpy(hbuf, "invalid"); if (nflag) Printf(" %s", hbuf); else if (lflag) Printf(" %s (%s)", inetname((struct sockaddr *)from), hbuf); else Printf(" %s", inetname((struct sockaddr *)from)); if (verbose) { #ifdef OLDRAWSOCKET Printf(" %d bytes to %s", cc, inet_ntop(AF_INET6, &rcvpktinfo->ipi6_addr, hbuf, sizeof(hbuf))); #else Printf(" %d bytes of data to %s", cc, inet_ntop(AF_INET6, &rcvpktinfo->ipi6_addr, hbuf, sizeof(hbuf))); #endif } } /* * Subtract 2 timeval structs: out = out - in. * Out is assumed to be >= in. */ void tvsub(out, in) register struct timeval *out, *in; { if ((out->tv_usec -= in->tv_usec) < 0) { out->tv_sec--; out->tv_usec += 1000000; } out->tv_sec -= in->tv_sec; } /* * Construct an Internet address representation. * If the nflag has been supplied, give * numeric value, otherwise try for symbolic name. */ const char * inetname(sa) struct sockaddr *sa; { register char *cp; static char line[NI_MAXHOST]; static char domain[MAXHOSTNAMELEN + 1]; static int first = 1; if (first && !nflag) { first = 0; if (gethostname(domain, MAXHOSTNAMELEN) == 0 && (cp = index(domain, '.'))) (void) strcpy(domain, cp + 1); else domain[0] = 0; } cp = NULL; if (!nflag) { if (getnameinfo(sa, sa->sa_len, line, sizeof(line), NULL, 0, NI_NAMEREQD) == 0) { if ((cp = index(line, '.')) && !strcmp(cp + 1, domain)) *cp = 0; cp = line; } } if (cp) return cp; if (getnameinfo(sa, sa->sa_len, line, sizeof(line), NULL, 0, NI_NUMERICHOST | niflag) != 0) strcpy(line, "invalid"); return line; } void usage() { (void)fprintf(stderr, "usage: traceroute6 [-dlnrv] [-m max_hops] [-p port#] [-q nqueries]\n\t\ [-s src_addr] [-g gateway] [-w wait] host [data size]\n"); exit(1); }