.\" $OpenBSD: vmctl.8,v 1.49 2018/09/27 17:15:36 reyk Exp $ .\" .\" Copyright (c) 2015 Mike Larkin .\" .\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any .\" purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above .\" copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies. .\" .\" THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES .\" WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF .\" MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR .\" ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES .\" WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN .\" ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF .\" OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE. .\" .Dd $Mdocdate: September 27 2018 $ .Dt VMCTL 8 .Os .Sh NAME .Nm vmctl .Nd control the virtual machine daemon .Sh SYNOPSIS .Nm .Ar command .Op Ar arg ... .Sh DESCRIPTION The .Nm utility is used to control the virtual machine monitor (VMM) subsystem. A VMM manages virtual machines (VMs) on a host. The VMM subsystem is responsible for creating, destroying, and executing VMs. .Pp Within the commands, the .Ar size argument can be specified with a human-readable scale, using the format described in .Xr scan_scaled 3 . The .Ar id argument can be either a numeric, non-zero identifier or alternatively the name of a virtual machine. .Pp The commands are as follows: .Bl -tag -width Ds .It Cm console Ar id Using .Xr cu 1 connect to the console of the VM with the specified .Ar id . .It Cm create Ar path Fl s Ar size Op Fl f Ar format Creates a VM disk image file with the specified .Ar path and .Ar size , rounded to megabytes. The disk .Ar format may be specified as either .Ar raw or .Ar qcow2 , defaulting to .Ar raw if left unspecified. .It Cm load Ar filename Load additional configuration from the specified file. .It Cm log brief Disable verbose debug logging. .It Cm log verbose Enable verbose debug logging. .It Cm pause Ar id Pause a VM with the specified .Ar id . .It Cm receive Ar name Receive a VM from standard input and start it with the specified .Ar name . .It Cm reload Remove all stopped VMs and reload the configuration from the default configuration file. .It Cm reset Op Cm all Reset the running state. .It Cm reset switches Reset the configured switches. .It Cm reset vms Reset and terminate all VMs. .It Cm send Ar id Send a VM with the specified .Ar id to standard output and terminate it. The VM is paused during send processing. Data sent to standard output contains the VM parameters and its memory, not the disk image. .Pp In order to move a VM from one host to another, disk files must be synced between the send and the receive processes and must be located under the same path. .It Cm show Op Ar id An alias for the .Cm status command. .It Xo Cm start Ar name .Op Fl cL .Op Fl b Ar path .Op Fl d Ar path .Op Fl i Ar count .Op Fl m Ar size .Op Fl n Ar switch .Bk -words .Op Fl r Ar path .Op Fl t Ar name .Ek .Xc Starts a VM defined by the specified name and parameters: .Bl -tag -width "-I parent" .It Fl b Ar path Boot the VM with the specified kernel or BIOS image. If not specified, the default is to boot using the BIOS image in .Pa /etc/firmware/vmm-bios . .It Fl c Automatically connect to the VM console. .It Fl d Ar path Disk image file (may be specified multiple times to add multiple disk images). The disk .Ar path may be prefixed with a format prefix .Pf ( Pa raw: or .Pa qcow2: ) in order to specify the disk format. If left unspecified, the default format is .Pa raw . .It Fl i Ar count Number of network interfaces to add to the VM. .It Fl L Add a local network interface. .Xr vmd 8 will auto-generate an IPv4 subnet for the interface, configure a gateway address on the VM host side, and run a simple DHCP/BOOTP server for the VM. See .Sx LOCAL INTERFACES below for more information on how addresses are calculated and assigned when using the .Fl L option. .It Fl m Ar size Memory .Ar size of the VM, rounded to megabytes. The default is 512M. .It Fl n Ar switch Add a network interface that is attached to the specified virtual .Ar switch . See .Sx SWITCH CONFIGURATION in .Xr vm.conf 5 for more information. .It Fl r Ar path ISO image file for virtual CD-ROM. This image file will be available in the selected VM as a SCSI CD-ROM device attached to a virtio SCSI adapter (e.g.\& .Xr vioscsi 4 ) . .It Fl t Ar name Use an existing VM with the specified .Ar name as a template to create a new VM instance. The instance will inherit settings from the parent VM, except for exclusive options such as disk, interface lladdr, or interface names. .El .Pp Note that the VM name supplied to the 'start' command can only consist of alphanumeric characters, including '.', '-', and '_'. The name cannot start with '.', '-' or '_'. .It Cm status Op Ar id Lists VMs running on the host, optionally listing just the selected VM .Ar id . .It Cm stop Ar id Op Fl fw Stops (terminates) a VM defined by the specified VM .Ar id . By default, a graceful shutdown will be attempted if the VM supports the .Xr vmmci 4 device. Once stopped, if the VM was not defined in a configuration file, then it is removed. .Pp The following options can be specified when stopping a VM: .Bl -tag -width "-w" .It Fl f Forcefully stop the VM without attempting a graceful shutdown. .It Fl w Wait until the VM has been terminated. .El .It Cm stop Fl a Op Fl fw Stop all running VMs. .It Cm unpause Ar id Unpause (resume from a paused state) a VM with the specified .Ar id . .El .Pp If the .Fl i option is specified during VM startup, a corresponding number of host-side .Xr tap 4 interfaces will be allocated and mapped to the .Xr vio 4 interfaces inside the guest VM. This tap/vio interface mapping allows guest network traffic to be manipulated by the host. Any valid host-side interface configuration may be performed on these tap interfaces, such as bridging (via .Xr bridge 4 ) , or using .Xr pf 4 nat-to rules to create private or host-side NATed networks, as desired. .Sh LOCAL INTERFACES Local interfaces can be used to easily configure VM networking without needing to manually assign network addresses. A local interface is added to a VM using the -L option to the 'vmctl start' command and results in the addition of a .Xr vio 4 interface inside the VM and a corresponding .Xr tap 4 interface on the host. When using local interfaces, .Xr vmd 8 will provide DHCP services to the guest VM and offer addresses selected from the 100.64.0.0/10 IPv4 range. From within the 100.64.0.0/10 range, .Xr vmd 8 allocates a pair of addresses for the guest-side .Xr vio 4 and host-side .Xr tap 4 interfaces as follows: .Pp For the first local interface: .Bl -bullet -compact .It The host (tapX) address is assigned 100.64.n.2, where 'n' is the numeric VM ID visible in the 'vmctl status' command .It The guest (vio0) address is assigned 100.64.n.3 .El .Pp For the second and subsequent local interface(s): .Bl -bullet -compact .It The second local interface uses 100.64.n.4 and 100.64.n.5 for the host (tapX) and guest (vio1) interfaces, respectively. .It Subsequent local interfaces are numbered similarly, continuing with 100.64.n.6 and 100.64.n.7, etc .El .Pp Multiple -L options can be provided to the 'vmctl start' command, if more than one interface is desired. Local interfaces are assigned to the VM before any other interfaces specified with the -i option (thus, local interfaces, if requested, are numbered starting at vio0 inside the guest VM). .Pp When using local interfaces, the DHCP configuration offered to the guest VM specifies the address of the corresponding host .Xr tap 4 interface as both the default route and the (sole) nameserver. Guest VM traffic can optionally be NATed through the host with an entry in the host machine's .Pa /etc/pf.conf similar to the following: .Bd -literal -offset indent pass out on $ext_if from 100.64.0.0/10 to any nat-to $ext_if .Ed .Pp If NAT is desired, the .Va net.inet.ip.forwarding .Xr sysctl 8 must also be set to 1. .Pp If desired, DNS queries originating from guest VMs can be redirected to a different DNS server with an entry in the host machine's .Pa /etc/pf.conf similar to the following: .Bd -literal -offset indent pass in proto udp from 100.64.0.0/10 to any port domain \e rdr-to $dns_server port domain .Ed .Sh FILES .Bl -tag -width "/etc/var/run/vmd.sockXX" -compact .It Pa /etc/vm.conf Default configuration file. .It Pa /var/run/vmd.sock .Ux Ns -domain socket used for communication with .Xr vmd 8 . .El .Sh EXIT STATUS .Ex -std vmctl .Nm may fail due to one of the following reasons: .Pp .Bl -bullet -compact .It The VMM subsystem could not be enabled or disabled as requested. .It A requested VM-based operation could not be completed. .El .Sh EXAMPLES Create a 4.5 Gigabyte disk image, disk.img: .Bd -literal -offset indent $ vmctl create disk.img -s 4.5G .Ed .Pp Create a new VM with 1GB memory, one network interface, one disk image ('disk.img') and boot from kernel '/bsd': .Bd -literal -offset indent # vmctl start "myvm" -m 1G -i 1 -b /bsd -d disk.img .Ed .Pp Start a new VM instance with the name 'myvm' from a pre-configured VM 'openbsd.4G': .Bd -literal -offset indent # vmctl start "myvm" -t "openbsd.4G" -d mydisk.img .Ed .Pp .Xr vmd 8 will create a new .Xr tap 4 network interface on the host side and set the description to indicate the VM by ID, interface number, and name: .Bd -literal -offset indent # ifconfig tap0 tap0: flags=8842 mtu 1500 lladdr fe:e1:ba:d8:50:d1 description: vm1-if0-myvm index 15 priority 0 llprio 3 groups: tap status: active .Ed .Pp Terminate VM number 1: .Bd -literal -offset indent # vmctl stop 1 .Ed .Sh SEE ALSO .Xr bridge 4 , .Xr pf 4 , .Xr tap 4 , .Xr vio 4 , .Xr vmm 4 , .Xr vm.conf 5 , .Xr rc.conf 8 , .Xr sysctl 8 , .Xr vmd 8 .Sh HISTORY The .Nm command first appeared in .Ox 5.9 . .Sh AUTHORS .An -nosplit .An Mike Larkin Aq Mt mlarkin@openbsd.org and .An Reyk Floeter Aq Mt reyk@openbsd.org .