1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
|
.\" $OpenBSD: md5.1,v 1.36 2014/01/08 16:12:44 jmc Exp $
.\"
.\" Copyright (c) 2003, 2004, 2006 Todd C. Miller <Todd.Miller@courtesan.com>
.\"
.\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
.\" purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
.\" copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
.\"
.\" THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
.\" WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
.\" MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
.\" ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
.\" WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
.\" ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
.\" OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
.\"
.\" Sponsored in part by the Defense Advanced Research Projects
.\" Agency (DARPA) and Air Force Research Laboratory, Air Force
.\" Materiel Command, USAF, under agreement number F39502-99-1-0512.
.\"
.Dd $Mdocdate: January 8 2014 $
.Dt MD5 1
.Os
.Sh NAME
.Nm md5
.Nd calculate a message digest (checksum) for a file
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.Nm md5
.Op Fl bpqrtx
.Op Fl c Op Ar checklist ...
.Op Fl h Ar hashfile
.Op Fl s Ar string
.Op Ar
.Sh DESCRIPTION
.Nm
takes as input a message of arbitrary length and produces
as output a 128-bit message digest (checksum) of the input.
It is conjectured that it is computationally infeasible to produce
two messages having the same message digest (a collision),
or to produce any message having a given prespecified target message digest.
However, collisions have now been produced for MD5,
so the use of other message digest functions, such as
.Xr sha256 1 ,
is now preferred.
.Pp
The MD5 algorithm is intended for digital signature applications,
where a large file must be compressed in a secure manner before
being encrypted with a private (secret) key under a public-key
cryptosystem, such as RSA.
.Pp
The options are as follows:
.Bl -tag -width Ds
.It Fl b
Output checksums in base64 notation, not hexadecimal.
.It Fl c Op Ar checklist ...
Compares all checksums contained in the file
.Ar checklist
with newly computed checksums for the corresponding files.
Output consists of the digest used, the file name,
and an OK or FAILED for the result of the comparison.
This will validate any of the supported checksums (see
.Xr cksum 1 ) .
If no file is given, stdin is used.
.It Fl h Ar hashfile
Place the checksum into
.Ar hashfile
instead of stdout.
.It Fl p
Echoes stdin to stdout and appends the
checksum to stdout.
.It Fl q
Only print the checksum (quiet mode).
.It Fl r
Reverse the format of the hash algorithm output, making
it match the output format used by
.Xr cksum 1 .
.It Fl s Ar string
Prints a checksum of the given
.Ar string .
.It Fl t
Runs a built-in time trial.
Specifying
.Fl t
multiple times results in the number of rounds being multiplied
by 10 for each additional flag.
.It Fl x
Runs a built-in test script.
.El
.Pp
The checksum of each file listed on the command line is printed
after the options are processed.
.Pp
The
.Nm
command is shorthand for:
.Bd -literal -offset indent
$ cksum -a md5
.Ed
.Sh EXIT STATUS
.Ex -std md5
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr cksum 1 ,
.Xr sha1 1 ,
.Xr sha256 1
.Sh STANDARDS
.Rs
.%A R. Rivest
.%D April 1992
.%R RFC 1321
.%T The MD5 Message-Digest Algorithm
.Re
.Sh CAVEATS
Since collisions have been found for
.Em MD5 ,
the use of
.Xr sha256 1
is recommended instead.
|
