path: root/distrib/notes/pmax/install

Installing OpenBSD is a relatively complex process, but if you have
this document in hand it shouldn't be too much trouble.

There are several ways to install OpenBSD onto a disk. The easiest way
in terms of preliminary setup is to use the OpenBSD simpleroot that can
be booted off your local disk. Alternatively, if your Decstation is
hooked up in a network you can find a server and arrange for a
diskless setup which is another convenient way to install
OpenBSD/pmax. But at the moment i haven't tested the installation via
network so i mostly recommend the installation via simpleroot. I plan
to write something down about installing OpenBSD/pmax via the network
in the near future - so watch out for documentation on that topic at
the pmax section of the OpenBSD www server at http://www.OpenBSD.org.

Installing using the OpenBSD simpleroot.

The simpleroot is a self-contained OpenBSD filesystem holding a complete
OpenBSD/pmax rootfilesystem plus all utilities necessary to install
OpenBSD on a local disk. It is distributed as a plain file designed to
be transferred to a raw disk from which it can be booted using the
appropriate PROM command.

Loading the simpleroot onto your raw partition is simple. You can do
this on any machine you can hang on the disk which you plan to put
onto the pmax which allows you to write to the raw disk - i.e. on all
UN*X like operatingsystems it should work using "dd". On OpenBSD
as well as SunOS you use a command like:

	# dd if=simpleroot21.fs of=/dev/rsd0c bs=20b conv=sync

Especially on OpenBSD/pmax you'll have to use /dev/rrz0c or something
like that instead of /dev/rsd0c.

Keep in mind that this will overwrite the contents of that disk!

After transferring the simpleroot to disk, bring the system down by:

	# halt

and hang the disk onto the pmax you want to install OpenBSD/pmax on.

Then boot the simpleroot by typing the appropriate command at the PROM:

	>> boot rz(0,0,0)/bsd		# for Decstation 2100/3100

or

	>> boot 5/rz0a/bsd		# for Decstation 5000's

If you've loaded the simpleroot onto some other disk than `rz0' adapt
the boot specifier accordingly.

This will cause the kernel contained in the simpleroot to be booted.
After the initial probe messages you'll asked to choose a shell with
sh as default. Simply type Return here and you are in single user
mode. For further instructions please read on in the "Continuing the
installation from single user mode" below.


Installing using a diskless setup.

Again i want to note that thios method is at the moment only very bad
documented - so you need some experiences with netbooting Decstations
to do it. I hope to supply some more documentation about this topic
soon. 

First, you must setup a diskless client configuration on a server. If
you are using a OpenBSD system as the boot-server, have a look at the
diskless(8) manual page for guidelines on how to proceed with this.
If the server runs another operating system, you'll have to consult
documentation that came with it (on SunOS systems, add_client(8) is a
good start).

One part of the distribution of OpenBSD/pmax is a file called
simpleroot21.tar.gz which is a good start for the rootfilesystem area on
the NFS server then you want to install via network.

A few configuration files need to be edited:

	<root>/etc/hosts
		Add the IP addresses of both server and client.

	<root>/etc/myname
		This files contains the client's hostname; use the same
		name as in <root>/etc/hosts.

	<root>/etc/fstab
		Enter the entries for the remotely mounted filesystems.
		For example:
			server:/export/root/client       /     nfs  rw 0 0

Now you must populate the the `/dev' directory for your client. If you
have an intelligent tar command on the NFS server the /dev directory
inside the simpleroot21.tar.gz should be usable (i.e. containing
special devices and not only files) - else you'll have to remake the
devices on the server using

	cd /export/root/client/dev
	mv MAKEDEV* ..
	rm -rf *
	mkdir fd
	mv ../MAKEDEV* .
	./MAKEDEV all

This may not not work correctly on some operatingsystems.

After you have set up everything correctly you can boot your system
over the network into singleuser mode and continue the installation.


Continuing the installation from single user mode

If you have reached single user mode either via booting the
simpleroot image or via booting over the network you will have to
relabel/label your disk and put filesystems on the patitions.

So here's what you have to do after going into single user mode:

- simpleroot image (assuming you have the simpleroot on rz0 and want
  to install on that disk too - everytinh behind the ";" is comment)

	# fsck /dev/rrz0a		; check the filesystem
	# mount /dev/rz0a /		; mount / read write
	# disklabel -e rz0

  If you want to install onto another disk than the one you booted
  from then you have to give this disk to the disklabel command.

- network boot

	# disklabel -e rz0

Here follows an example of what you'll see while in the dislabel editor.
Do not touch any of the parameters except for the `label: ' entry and
the actual partition size information at the bottom (the lines starting
with `a:', `b:', ...).

If you are using the simpleroot image and wan't to install onto the
same disk you put the simpleroot on you'll also have to change the
sector, track, cylinder, etc. entries to match the values for your
disk. The Problem is to get those values for your disk :-) - you can
either look into the /etc/disktab file for an matching entry or boot
another verbose system like OpenBSD/i386 with your disk attached an
see what it prints out about the geometry of the disk. Also you can
get the total size of your disk from the bootup output of the
Decstation - look for lines like:

rz0 at sii0 drive 0 slave 0 SEAGATE ST1480 rev 7336, 832527 512 byte blocks

here 832527 is the number of total sectors on that disk.

The size and offset fields are given in sector units. Partitions on
which you intend to have a mountable filesystem, should be given
fstype `4.2BSD'. Remember, the `c' partition should describe the whole
disk. The `(Cyl. x - y)' info that appears after the hash (`#')
character is treated as a comment and need not be filled in when
altering partitions.

Special note: the line containing `8 partitions:' is best left alone,
even if you define less then eight partitions. If this line displays
a different number and the program complains about it (after you leave
the editor), then try setting it to `8 partitions:'.

Ok - now lets see how the default disklabel of the simpleroot image
looks like:

<BEGIN SAMPLE DISKLABEL SCREEN>
OpenBSD# disklabel rz0
# /dev/rrz0c:
type: SCSI
disk: simpleroot
label: 
flags:
bytes/sector: 512
sectors/track: 32
tracks/cylinder: 64
sectors/cylinder: 2048
cylinders: 96
total sectors: 196608
rpm: 3600
interleave: 1
trackskew: 0
cylinderskew: 0
headswitch: 0           # milliseconds
track-to-track seek: 0  # milliseconds
drivedata: 0 

8 partitions:
#        size   offset    fstype   [fsize bsize   cpg]
  a:    65536        0    4.2BSD     1024  8192    16   # (Cyl.   0 - 32*)
  b:   131072    65536      swap                        # (Cyl.  32*- 96*)
  c:   196608        0    unused     1024  8192         # (Cyl.   0 - 96*)
<END SAMPLE DISKLABEL SCREEN>

ok - and now let's see how it looks like if it is adapted for the rz0
disk above (SEAGATE ST1480).

<BEGIN SAMPLE DISKLABEL SCREEN>
OpenBSD# disklabel rz0
# /dev/rrz0c:
type: SCSI
disk: SEAGATE ST1480 r
label: 
flags:
bytes/sector: 512
sectors/track: 63
tracks/cylinder: 11
sectors/cylinder: 693
cylinders: 832527
total sectors: 832527
rpm: 3600
interleave: 1
trackskew: 0
cylinderskew: 0
headswitch: 0           # milliseconds
track-to-track seek: 0  # milliseconds
drivedata: 0 

8 partitions:
#        size   offset    fstype   [fsize bsize   cpg]
  a:    65536        0    4.2BSD     1024  8192    16   # (Cyl.   0 - 94*)
  b:   131072    65536      swap                        # (Cyl.  94*- 283*)
  c:   832527        0    unused     1024  8192         # (Cyl.   0 - 1201*)
  d:   635919   196608    4.2BSD     1024  8192    16   # (Cyl. 283*- 1201*)
<END SAMPLE DISKLABEL SCREEN>

I hope you got the idea now - maybe it'll take some experiments until
you get it right :-). One thing to note here is that you can't change
the a and b partitions if you are relabeling the disk you are running
the simpleroot on - you'll have to accept the simpleroot values here
for those 2 partitions.

If you have done labeled your disk successfully then you have to
create filesystems on the partitions. (Note: you don't have to do
anything special for the swap partition). In the example above this
would look like:

- you are installing on the disk your simpleroot is running on - so
  you don't have to create a root filestem on it - because it is
  already there from the simpleroot image

	# newfs /dev/rrz0d

- you are installing onto another disk - so you'll have to create the
  rootfilesystem too

	# newfs /dev/rrz0a
	# newfs /dev/rrz0d

Now the are done with all the preparations and can go on with the
installation via some simle scripts:

	# sh install.sh

These scripts will do most of the work of transferring the system from the
tar files onto your disk. You will frequently be asked for confirmation
before the script proceeds with each phase of the installation process.
Occasionally, you'll have to provide a piece of information such as the
name of the disk you want to install on or IP addresses and domain names
you want to assign. If your system has more than one disk, you may want
to look at the output of the dmesg(8) command to see how your disks
have been identified by the kernel.

The installation script goes through the following phases:

	- determination of the disk to install OpenBSD on
	- checking of the partition information on the disk

XXX really creating filesystems here ? XXX

	- creating and mounting the OpenBSD filesystems

XXX really creating filesystems here ? XXX

	- setup of IP configuration
	- extraction of the distribution tar files
	- installation of boot programs


Now try a reboot.  (If needed, swap your scsi id's first).  Initially
I'd suggest you "boot" (Decstation 2100/3100) or "boot/rz0a/bsd", then
try multiuser after that. if you boot single-user the OpenBSD
incarnation to make the root filesystem writable is

    OpenBSD# mount -u /dev/sd0a /

Congratulations, you have successfully installed OpenBSD 2.1.  When you
reboot into OpenBSD, you should log in as "root" at the login prompt.
There is no initial password, but if you're using the machine in a
networked environment, you should create yourself an account and
protect it and the "root" account with good passwords.

Some of the files in the OpenBSD 2.1 distribution might need to be
tailored for your site.  In particular, the /etc/sendmail.cf file will
almost definitely need to be adjusted, and other files in /etc will
probably need to be modified.  If you are unfamiliar with UN*X-like
system administration, it's recommended that you buy a book that
discusses it.