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Installing OpenBSD is a relatively complex process, but if you have
this document in hand and are careful to read and remember the
information which is presented to you by the install program, it
shouldn't be too much trouble.
Before you begin, you should know the geometry of your hard disk, i.e.
the sector size (note that sector sizes other than 512 bytes are not
currently supported), the number of sectors per track, the number of
tracks per cylinder (also known as the number of heads), and the
number of cylinders on the disk. The OpenBSD kernel will try to
discover these parameters on its own, and if it can it will print them
at boot time. If possible, you should use the parameters it prints.
(You might not be able to because you're sharing your disk with
another operating system, or because your disk is old enough that the
kernel can't figure out its geometry.)
You should now be ready to install OpenBSD.
The following is a walk-through of the steps you will take while
getting OpenBSD installed on your hard disk. If any question has a
default answer, it will be displayed in brackets ("[]") after the
question. If you wish to stop the installation, you may hit Control-C
at any time, but if you do, you'll have to begin the installation
process again from scratch.
At this time, the system can be installed from the supplied
CD boot image, by network loading the bootloader or loading
the bootloader and kernel from a HFS partition. Once
the bootloader is installed on the local hard drive, the
system can boot from it. OpenBSD may share a drive with MacOS
if the process is followed carefully. Currently it is
necessary to use OpenFirmware commands to dual boot between
OS's, or multiple drives may be used with each OS owning drive(s).
Note that on many of the systems is it not possible to
automatically boot OpenBSD at this time.
(Refer to "OpenBSD OSREV Release Contents" above for information
on how to access and boot from Open Firmware)
You will then be presented with the OpenBSD kernel boot
messages. You will want to read them, to determine your
disk's name and geometry. Its name will be something like
"wd0" or "sd0" and the geometry will be printed on a line that
begins with its name. As mentioned above, you will need your
disk's geometry when creating OpenBSD's partitions. You will
also need to know the name, to tell the install tools what
disk to install on. If you cannot read the messages as they
scroll by, do not worry -- you can get at this information
later inside the install program.
While booting, you will probably see several warnings. You
should be warned that no swap space is present, and that
init(8) cannot find /etc/rc. Do not be alarmed, these are
completely normal. When you reach the prompt asking you for a
shell name, just hit return.
Now you will be asked whether you wish to do an "install"
or an "upgrade". Enter 'i' for a fresh install or 'u' to
upgrade an existing installation.
You will be presented with a welcome message and asked if
you really wish to install (or upgrade). Assuming you
answered yes, you will be asked which terminal type to use.
You should just hit return to select the default (vt220).
The install program will then tell you which disks of that
type it can install on, and ask you which it should use. The
name of the disk is typically "wd0" for IDE/ATA drives or
"sd0" for SCSI drives. Reply with the name of your disk.
Next you will have to edit or create a disklabel for the disk
OpenBSD is being installed on. If there are any existing
partitions defined (for any operating system), and a disk label
is not found, you will first be given an opportunity to run
fdisk (MBR paritioned disk) or pdisk (HFS paritioned disk)
and create an OpenBSD partition.
If pdisk is being invoked, It will issue a prompt which will
allow one to delete the Unused parition, then using the "C"
command create a new parition. It is necessary to display
the parition table, either before deleting the free parition
or after, to know the start and size of the partition.
An example Parition map:The parition map may look like the following
Before editing the table, it looks like:
#: type name length base ( size )
1: Apple_partition_map Apple 63 @ 1
2: Apple_Driver43*Macintosh 54 @ 64
3: Apple_Driver43*Macintosh 74 @ 118
4: Apple_Driver_ATA*Macintosh 54 @ 192
5: Apple_Driver_ATA*Macintosh 74 @ 246
6: Apple_FWDriver Macintosh 200 @ 320
7: Apple_Driver_IOKit Macintosh 512 @ 520
8: Apple_Patches Patch Partition 512 @ 1032
9: Apple_HFS untitled 2142310 @ 1544 ( 1.0G)
10: Apple_HFS untitled 2 4120589 @ 2143854 ( 2.0G)
11: Unused untitled 3 6330517 @ 6264443 ( 3.0G)
After editing the table, it should look like:
#: type name length base ( size )
1: Apple_partition_map Apple 63 @ 1
2: Apple_Driver43*Macintosh 54 @ 64
3: Apple_Driver43*Macintosh 74 @ 118
4: Apple_Driver_ATA*Macintosh 54 @ 192
5: Apple_Driver_ATA*Macintosh 74 @ 246
6: Apple_FWDriver Macintosh 200 @ 320
7: Apple_Driver_IOKit Macintosh 512 @ 520
8: Apple_Patches Patch Partition 512 @ 1032
9: Apple_HFS untitled 2142310 @ 1544 ( 1.0G)
10: Apple_HFS untitled 2 4120589 @ 2143854 ( 2.0G)
11: OpenBSD OpenBSD 6330517 @ 6264443 ( 3.0G)
This will likely be different based on the number of paritions
created on the disk by the Apple partition editor.
It is _VERY_ important to not change the start or sizes of paritions
other than the ones that are to be used by OpenBSD, including
the Apple_Driver.* and Apple_partition_map.
---
Command (? for help): p
<output is in the before example above>
Command (? for help): d 11
Command (? for help): C
First block: 6264443
Length in blocks: 6330517
Name of partition: OpenBSD
Type of partition: OpenBSD
Command (? for help): p
<output is in the after example above>
---
After the parition is deleted, if the parition is printed,
it will show up as:
...
11: Apple_Free Extra 6330517 @ 6264443 ( 3.0G)
...
If fdisk is being invoked, it will start by
displaying the current partitions defined and then allow you
to modify this information, add new partitions and change
which partition to boot from by default. If you make a mistake,
you will be allowed to repeat this procedure as necessary to
correct this. Note that you should make OpenBSD be the active
partition at least until the install has been completed.
Next the disk label which defines the layout of the OpenBSD file
systems must be set up. The installation script will invoke an
editor allowing you to do this. Note that partition 'c' inside
this disk label should ALWAYS reflect the entire disk, including
any non-OpenBSD portions. The root file system should be in
partition 'a', and swap is usually in partition 'b'. If you have
DOS or Linux partitions defined on the disk, these will usually
show up as partition 'h', 'i' and so on. It is recommended that
you create separate partitions for /usr and /var, and if you have
room for it, also for /home. Currently OpenBSD will not share a
disk with any other operating system care should be taken not to
overwrite any data on other disks in the system and that no data
is on the disk to be used for OpenBSD/MACHINE.
Note that all OpenBSD partitions in the disk label must have an
offset that makes it start within the OpenBSD part of the disk,
and a size that keeps it inside of that portion of the disk. This
is within the bounds of the 'c' partition.
The swap partition (usually 'b') should have a type of "swap", all
other native OpenBSD partitions should have a type of "4.2BSD".
Block and fragment sizes are usually 8192 and 1024 bytes, but can
also be 4096 and 512 or even 16384 and 2048 bytes.
The install program will now label your disk and ask which file
systems should be created on which partitions. It will auto-
matically select the 'a' partition to be the root file system.
Next it will ask for which disk and partition you want a file
system created on. This will be the same as the disk name (e.g.
"sd0") with the letter identifying the partition (e.g. "d")
appended (e.g. "sd0d"). Then it will ask where this partition is
to be mounted, e.g. /usr. This process will be repeated until
you just hit return.
At this point you will be asked to confirm that the file system
information you have entered is correct, and given an opportunity
to change the file system table. Next it will create the new file
systems as specified, OVERWRITING ANY EXISTING DATA. This is the
point of no return.
After all your file systems have been created, the install program
will give you an opportunity to configure the network. The network
configuration you enter (if any) can then be used to do the install
from another system using NFS, HTTP or FTP, and will also be the
configuration used by the system after the installation is complete.
If you select to configure the network, the install program will
ask you for a name of your system and the DNS domain name to use.
Note that the host name should be without the domain part, and that
the domain name should NOT {:-include-:} the host name part.
Next the system will give you a list of network interfaces you can
configure. For each network interface you select to configure, it
will ask for the IP address to use, the symbolic host name to use,
the netmask to use and any interface-specific flags to set. The
interface-specific flags are usually used to determine which media
the network card is to use. Supply the apropriate media options
as suggested, Typically no media flags are required as autodetect
normally works.
After all network interfaces has been configured the install pro-
gram will ask for a default route and IP address of the primary
name server to use. You will also be presented with an opportunity
to edit the host table.
At this point you will be allowed to edit the file system table
that will be used for the remainder of the installation and that
will be used by the finished system, following which the new file
systems will be mounted to complete the installation.
After these preparatory steps has been completed, you will be
able to extract the distribution sets onto your system. There
are several install methods supported; FTP, HTTP, tape, CD-ROM
or a local disk partition. To install from a tape, the distrib-
ution sets must have been written to tape prior to running the
installation program, either as tar images or as gzipped tar
images. Note that installation from floppies are not currently
supported.
OpenBSDFTPInstall
OpenBSDHTTPInstall
OpenBSDTAPEInstall
OpenBSDCDROMInstall
OpenBSDDISKInstall(,,{:- or MS-DOS-:})
OpenBSDCommonFS
OpenBSDCommonURL
OpenBSDCongratulations
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