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Installing OpenBSD is a relatively complex process, but if you have
this document in hand and are careful to read and remember the
information which is presented to you by the install program, it
shouldn't be too much trouble.
Before you begin, you should know the geometry of your hard disk, i.e.
the sector size (note that sector sizes other than 512 bytes are not
currently supported), the number of sectors per track, the number of
tracks per cylinder (also known as the number of heads), and the
number of cylinders on the disk. The OpenBSD kernel will try to
discover these parameters on its own, and if it can it will print them
at boot time. If possible, you should use the parameters it prints.
(You might not be able to because you're sharing your disk with
another operating system, or because your disk is old enough that the
kernel can't figure out its geometry.)
If OpenBSD will be sharing the disk with DOS or another operating
system, you should have already completed the section of these notes
that instructed you on how to prepare your hard disk. You should know
the size of the OpenBSD area of the disk and its offset from the
beginning of the disk. You will need this information when setting up
your OpenBSD partitions. If you BIOS uses translated geometry, you
should use this geometry for the remainder of the install. This is
only necessary if you are sharing the disk with other operating systems
that use the translated geometry.
You should now be ready to install OpenBSD.
The following is a walk-through of the steps you will take while
getting OpenBSD installed on your hard disk. If any question has a
default answer, it will be displayed in brackets ("[]") after the
question. If you wish to stop the installation, you may hit Control-C
at any time, but if you do, you'll have to begin the installation
process again from scratch.
Boot your machine using the floppy.fs floppy. When
presented with the boot prompt hit return. If the boot prompt
does not appear in a reasonable amount of time, you either
have a bad boot floppy, a hardware problem, or an incompatible
OpenFirmware prom (some of these still exist). Try writing the
floppy.fs floppy image to a different disk, and using that.
If it still doesn't work, OpenBSD probably can't be run on your
hardware. This can probably be considered a bug, so you might
want to report it. If you do, please {:-include-:} as many details
about your system configuration as you can.
It will take a while to load the kernel from the floppy,
most likely more than a minute. If some action doesn't
eventually happen, or the spinning cursor has stopped and
nothing further has happened, either your boot floppy is
bad or you are having hardware problems, and should proceed
as outlined above.
You will then be presented with the OpenBSD kernel boot
messages. You will want to read them, to determine your
disk's name and geometry. Its name will be something like
"sd0" and the geometry will be printed on a line that
begins with its name. As mentioned above, you will need your
disk's geometry when creating OpenBSD's partitions. You will
also need to know the name, to tell the install tools what
disk to install on. If you cannot read the messages as they
scroll by, do not worry -- you can get at this information
later inside the install program.
While booting, you will probably see several warnings. You
should be warned that no swap space is present, and that
init(8) cannot find /etc/rc. Do not be alarmed, these are
completely normal. When you reach the prompt asking you for a
shell name, just hit return.
You will be presented with a welcome message and a prompt. At
this time you should enter the command "install" to start the
installation process.
You will be asked which terminal type to use, you should just
hit return to select the default (pc3).
The install program will then tell you which disks of that
type it can install on, and ask you which it should use. The
name of the disk is typically "sd0" for SCSI drives. Reply
with the name of your disk. If you have a floppy drive on the
machine, it may be called "sd0", and then your first scsi disk
becomes "sd1". It helps to watch the floppy drive light; this
will tell you if you have accidentally told it to access the
wrong drive.
Next you will have to edit or create a disklabel for the disk
OpenBSD is being installed on. If there are any existing
partitions defined (for any operating system), and a disk label
is not found, you will first be given an opportunity to run
fdisk and create an OpenBSD partition.
If fdisk is being invoked on your behalf, it will start by
displaying the current partitions defined and then allow you
to modify this information, add new partitions and change
which partition to boot from by default. If you make a mistake,
you will be allowed to repeat this procedure as necessary to
correct this. Note that you should make OpenBSD be the active
partition at least until the install has been completed.
Next the disk label which defines the layout of the OpenBSD file
systems must be set up. The installation script will invoke an
editor allowing you to do this. Note that partition 'c' inside
this disk label should ALWAYS reflect the entire disk, including
any non-OpenBSD portions. The root file system should be in
partition 'a', and swap is usually in partition 'b'. If you have
DOS or Linux partitions defined on the disk, these will usually
show up as partition 'h', 'i' and so on. It is recommended that
you create separate partitions for /usr and /var, and if you have
room for it, also for /home.
Note that all OpenBSD partitions in the disk label must have an
offset that makes it start within the OpenBSD part of the disk,
and a size that keeps it inside of that portion of the disk. This
is within the bounds of the 'c' partition if the disk is not being
shared with other operating systems, and within the OpenBSD fdisk
partition if the disk is being shared.
The swap partition (usually 'b') should have a type of "swap", all
other native OpenBSD partitions should have a type of "4.2BSD".
Block and fragment sizes are usually 8192 and 1024 bytes, but can
also be 4096 and 512 or even 16384 and 2048 bytes.
The install program will now label your disk and ask which file
systems should be created on which partitions. It will auto-
matically select the 'a' partition to be the root file system.
Next it will ask for which disk and partition you want a file
system created on. This will be the same as the disk name (eg.
"sd0") with the letter identifying the partition (eg. "d")
appended (eg. "sd0d"). Then it will ask where this partition is
to be mounted, eg. /usr. This process will be repeated until
you just hit return.
At this point you will be asked to confirm that the file system
information you have entered is correct, and given an opportunity
to change the file system table. Next it will create the new file
systems as specified, OVERWRITING ANY EXISTING DATA. This is the
point of no return.
After all your file systems have been created, the install program
will give you an opportunity to configure the network. The network
configuration you enter (if any) can then be used to do the install
from another system using NFS, HTTP or FTP, and will also be the
configuration used by the system after the installation is complete.
If you select to configure the network, the install program will
ask you for a name of your system and the DNS domain name to use.
Note that the host name should be without the domain part, and that
the domain name should NOT {:-include-:} the host name part.
Next the system will give you a list of network interfaces you can
configure. For each network interface you select to configure, it
will ask for the IP address to use, the symbolic host name to use,
the netmask to use and any interface-specific flags to set. The
interface-specific flags are usually used to determine which media
the network card is to use. The flags usually carry the following
meaning:
-link0 -link1 Use BNC (coaxial) port [default]
link0 -link1 Use AUI port
link0 link1 Use UTP (twisted pair) port
After all network interfaces has been configured the install pro-
gram will ask for a default route and IP address of the primary
name server to use. You will also be presented with an opportunity
to edit the host table.
At this point you will be allowed to edit the file system table
that will be used for the remainder of the installation and that
will be used by the finished system, following which the new file
systems will be mounted to complete the installation.
After these preparatory steps has been completed, you will be
able to extract the distribution sets onto your system. There
are several install methods supported; FTP, HTTP, tape, CD-ROM, NFS
or a local disk partition. To install from a tape, the distrib-
ution sets must have been written to tape prior to running the
installation program, either as tar images or as gzipped tar
images. Note that installation from floppies are not currently
supported.
OpenBSDFTPInstall
OpenBSDHTTPInstall
OpenBSDTAPEInstall
OpenBSDCDROMInstall
OpenBSDNFSInstall
OpenBSDDISKInstall(,,{:- or MS-DOS-:})
OpenBSDCommonFS
OpenBSDCommonURL
OpenBSDCongratulations
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